@article{RhiemEngelGraeseretal.2012, author = {Rhiem, Kerstin and Engel, Christoph and Graeser, Monika and Zachariae, Silke and Kast, Karin and Kiechle, Marion and Ditsch, Nina and Janni, Wolfgang and Mundhenke, Christoph and Golatta, Michael and Varga, Dominic and Preisler-Adams, Sabine and Heinrich, Tilman and Bick, Ulrich and Gadzicki, Dorothea and Briest, Susanne and Meindl, Alfons and Schmutzler, Rita K.}, title = {The risk of contralateral breast cancer in patients from BRCA1/2 negative high risk families as compared to patients from BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive families: a retrospective cohort study}, series = {Breast Cancer Research}, volume = {14}, journal = {Breast Cancer Research}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1186/bcr3369}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135715}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Introduction: While it has been reported that the risk of contralateral breast cancer in patients from BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive families is elevated, little is known about contralateral breast cancer risk in patients from high risk families that tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed from 1996 to 2011 and comprised 6,235 women with unilateral breast cancer from 6,230 high risk families that had tested positive for BRCA1 (n = 1,154) or BRCA2 (n = 575) mutations or tested negative (n = 4,501). Cumulative contralateral breast cancer risks were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and were compared between groups using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the impact of the age at first breast cancer and the familial history stratified by mutation status. Results: The cumulative risk of contralateral breast cancer 25 years after first breast cancer was 44.1\% (95\%CI, 37.6\% to 50.6\%) for patients from BRCA1 positive families, 33.5\% (95\%CI, 22.4\% to 44.7\%) for patients from BRCA2 positive families and 17.2\% (95\%CI, 14.5\% to 19.9\%) for patients from families that tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations. Younger age at first breast cancer was associated with a higher risk of contralateral breast cancer. For women who had their first breast cancer before the age of 40 years, the cumulative risk of contralateral breast cancer after 25 years was 55.1\% for BRCA1, 38.4\% for BRCA2, and 28.4\% for patients from BRCA1/2 negative families. If the first breast cancer was diagnosed at the age of 50 or later, 25-year cumulative risks were 21.6\% for BRCA1, 15.5\% for BRCA2, and 12.9\% for BRCA1/2 negative families. Conclusions: Contralateral breast cancer risk in patients from high risk families that tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations is similar to the risk in patients with sporadic breast cancer. Thus, the mutation status should guide decision making for contralateral mastectomy.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Heinrich2004, author = {Heinrich, Tilman}, title = {Siliciumorganische Wirkstoffe : Synthese und pharmakologische Eigenschaften siliciumhaltiger Muscarin-, Dopamin- und alpha1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten sowie Ca2+-Kanal-Blocker}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-11106}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden neuartige siliciumhaltige Muscarinrezeptor-Antagonisten, Dopaminrezeptor-Antagonisten, Ca2+-Kanal-Blocker sowie alpha1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten synthetisiert, welche Sila-Analoga (C/Si-Austausch) bekannter organischer Pharmaka darstellen. Die C/Si-Analoga wurden pharmakologisch charakterisiert und damit Beitr{\"a}ge zur Thematik der C/Si-Bioisosterie geleistet.}, subject = {Muscarinrezeptor}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Heinrich2005, author = {Heinrich, Tilman}, title = {Validierung der Zellzyklusdiagnostik bei Ataxia telangiectasia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14654}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Methode der durchflusszytometrischen Zellzyklusanalyse von Lymphozyten bei Patienten mit der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose Ataxia telangiectasia beschrieben. Hierzu wurden die Daten von 327 Patienten ausgewertet. In 82 F{\"a}llen ergab sich eine Best{\"a}tigung der Verdachtsdiagnose, in 225 F{\"a}llen konnte das Vorliegen dieser Erkrankung ausgeschlossen werden, bei den {\"u}brigen untersuchten F{\"a}llen ergab die Zellzyklusanalyse Auff{\"a}lligkeiten hinsichtlich des Proliferationsverhaltens der untersuchten Zellen und/oder ihrer Strahlensensitivit{\"a}t, die eine eindeutige Zuordnung zu einer der beiden Gruppen (AT-postiv/AT-negativ) zun{\"a}chst nicht gestatteten. Diese Auff{\"a}lligkeiten lassen sich teils auf technische Probleme (geronnenes Blut, langer Zeitraum zwischen Blutentnahme und Analyse), teils auf biologische Besonderheiten (bestehende Begleiterkrankungen wie Leuk{\"a}mie, Lymphom) zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hren. Die durchflusszytometrische Zellzyklusanalyse von Lymphozyten ergibt als diagnostisch relevante Parameter den Anteil der nicht-proliferierenden Zellen (G0,G1) sowie den Anteil der in der G2-Phase des 1. Zellzyklus verbleibenden Zellen bezogen auf die Wachstumsfraktion (G2/GF). Der Anteil der nicht-proliferierenden Zellen (G0,G1) ist ein Maß f{\"u}r die Stimulierbarkeit der Lymphozyten. Diese Stimulierbarkeit ist bei Zellen von AT-Patienten h{\"a}ufig vermindert, d.h. das Ausmaß der Mitogenantwort gibt ebenso einen Hinweis auf das Vorliegen der Erkrankung AT wie die Strahlensensitivit{\"a}t der Zellen. Letztere wird durch den zweiten der oben angef{\"u}hrten Parameter (G2/GF) repr{\"a}sentiert. Der f{\"u}r die Erkrankung AT charakteristische Funktionsverlust des ATM-Proteins, welches im unbeeintr{\"a}chtigten Zustand f{\"u}r die Kontrolle der Reparatur von strahleninduzierten DNA-Sch{\"a}digungen verantwortlich ist, f{\"u}hrt typischerweise zu einer Erh{\"o}hung des Anteils von Zellen in der G2-Phase, nachdem diese Zellen ionisierender Strahlung ausgesetzt waren. Die zweidimensionale Auftragung dieser Parameter (G0,G1 gegen G2/GF) erlaubt in der Regel bereits eine guten Abgrenzung der Gruppe der AT-positiven gegen die AT-negativen F{\"a}lle. Die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung eines weiteren Parameters, n{\"a}mlich des AFP-Wertes, gestattet dar{\"u}berhinaus in mehreren F{\"a}llen die Zuordnung der oben erw{\"a}hnten, zun{\"a}chst unklaren F{\"a}lle zu einer dieser Gruppen. Die durchflusszytometrische Zellzyklusanalyse von bestrahlten Lymphozyten kann daher als Screening-Methode bei der Untersuchung von Patienten mit der Verdachtsdiagnose Ataxia telangiectasia als ein dem CSA {\"u}berlegenes Verfahren angesehen werden. Die Kombination dreier Parameter: 1) Anteil der nicht-proliferierenden Zellen (G0,G1), 2) Anteil der in der G2-Phase des 1. Zellzyklus verbleibenden Zellen bezogen auf die Wachstumsfraktion (G2/GF) und 3) AFP-Wert erlaubt hierbei im Rahmen der AT-Diagnostik in >93\% der F{\"a}lle eine eindeutige Zuordnung zur Gruppe der AT-negativen bzw. AT-positiven F{\"a}lle.}, language = {de} } @article{SepahiFaustSturmetal.2019, author = {Sepahi, Ilnaz and Faust, Ulrike and Sturm, Marc and Bosse, Kristin and Kehrer, Martin and Heinrich, Tilman and Grundman-Hauser, Kathrin and Bauer, Peter and Ossowski, Stephan and Susak, Hana and Varon, Raymonda and Schr{\"o}ck, Evelin and Niederacher, Dieter and Auber, Bernd and Sutter, Christian and Arnold, Norbert and Hahnen, Eric and Dworniczak, Bernd and Wang-Gorke, Shan and Gehrig, Andrea and Weber, Bernhard H. F. and Engel, Christoph and Lemke, Johannes R. and Hartkopf, Andreas and Huu Phuc, Nguyen and Riess, Olaf and Schroeder, Christopher}, title = {Investigating the effects of additional truncating variants in DNA-repair genes on breast cancer risk in BRCA1-positive women}, series = {BMC Cancer}, volume = {19}, journal = {BMC Cancer}, doi = {10.1186/s12885-019-5946-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237676}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Inherited pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most common causes of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). The risk of developing breast cancer by age 80 in women carrying a BRCA1 pathogenic variant is 72\%. The lifetime risk varies between families and even within affected individuals of the same family. The cause of this variability is largely unknown, but it is hypothesized that additional genetic factors contribute to differences in age at onset (AAO). Here we investigated whether truncating and rare missense variants in genes of different DNA-repair pathways contribute to this phenomenon. Methods We used extreme phenotype sampling to recruit 133 BRCA1-positive patients with either early breast cancer onset, below 35 (early AAO cohort) or cancer-free by age 60 (controls). Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used to screen for variants in 311 genes involved in different DNA-repair pathways. Results Patients with an early AAO (73 women) had developed breast cancer at a median age of 27 years (interquartile range (IQR); 25.00-27.00 years). A total of 3703 variants were detected in all patients and 43 of those (1.2\%) were truncating variants. The truncating variants were found in 26 women of the early AAO group (35.6\%; 95\%-CI 24.7 - 47.7\%) compared to 16 women of controls (26.7\%; 95\%-CI 16.1 to 39.7\%). When adjusted for environmental factors and family history, the odds ratio indicated an increased breast cancer risk for those carrying an additional truncating DNA-repair variant to BRCA1 mutation (OR: 3.1; 95\%-CI 0.92 to 11.5; p-value = 0.07), although it did not reach the conventionally acceptable significance level of 0.05. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first time that the combined effect of truncating variants in DNA-repair genes on AAO in patients with hereditary breast cancer is investigated. Our results indicate that co-occurring truncating variants might be associated with an earlier onset of breast cancer in BRCA1-positive patients. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm these results.}, language = {en} } @article{HauerPoppTaheretal.2019, author = {Hauer, Nadine N. and Popp, Bernt and Taher, Leila and Vogl, Carina and Dhandapany, Perundurai S. and B{\"u}ttner, Christian and Uebe, Steffen and Sticht, Heinrich and Ferrazzi, Fulvia and Ekici, Arif B. and De Luca, Alessandro and Klinger, Patrizia and Kraus, Cornelia and Zweier, Christiane and Wiesener, Antje and Abou Jamra, Rami and Kunstmann, Erdmute and Rauch, Anita and Wieczorek, Dagmar and Jung, Anna-Marie and Rohrer, Tilman R. and Zenker, Martin and Doerr, Helmuth-Guenther and Reis, Andr{\´e} and Thiel, Christian T.}, title = {Evolutionary conserved networks of human height identify multiple Mendelian causes of short stature}, series = {European Journal of Human Genetics}, volume = {27}, journal = {European Journal of Human Genetics}, doi = {10.1038/s41431-019-0362-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227899}, pages = {1061-1071}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Height is a heritable and highly heterogeneous trait. Short stature affects 3\% of the population and in most cases is genetic in origin. After excluding known causes, 67\% of affected individuals remain without diagnosis. To identify novel candidate genes for short stature, we performed exome sequencing in 254 unrelated families with short stature of unknown cause and identified variants in 63 candidate genes in 92 (36\%) independent families. Based on systematic characterization of variants and functional analysis including expression in chondrocytes, we classified 13 genes as strong candidates. Whereas variants in at least two families were detected for all 13 candidates, two genes had variants in 6 (UBR4) and 8 (LAMA5) families, respectively. To facilitate their characterization, we established a clustered network of 1025 known growth and short stature genes, which yielded 29 significantly enriched clusters, including skeletal system development, appendage development, metabolic processes, and ciliopathy. Eleven of the candidate genes mapped to 21 of these clusters, including CPZ, EDEM3, FBRS, IFT81, KCND1, PLXNA3, RASA3, SLC7A8, UBR4, USP45, and ZFHX3. Fifty additional growth-related candidates we identified await confirmation in other affected families. Our study identifies Mendelian forms of growth retardation as an important component of idiopathic short stature.}, language = {en} }