@article{JocherRethwilmKapposetal.1990,
  author    = {Jocher, R. and Rethwilm, Axel and Kappos, L. and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Search for retroviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and brain tissue of multiple sclerosis patients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61462},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {DNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 1 patient with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) as well as DNAs from brain and spinal cord of 5 MS cases and 3 controls were examined for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-related sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The primers used were derived from the HTLV-1 gag, env and tax genes. Amplified products were separated on agarase gels, blotted onto nylon membranes and hybridized to specific radiolabelled oligonucleotides. The sensitivity of amplification and hybridization was one copy of target DNA in 10\8^5\) cellular genomes. None of the specimens was positive for HTLV-1 sequences except the TSP probe. These negative data are all the more significant because brain -material from MS patients was used in these studies. Our studies thus fail to support speculations that HTLV-I is involved in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NetzerRethwilmMaureretal.1990,
  author    = {Netzer, Kai O. and Rethwilm, Axel and Maurer, Bernd and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Identification of the major immunogenic structural proteins of human foamy virus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61477},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {We have identified the major immunogenic structural proteins of the human foamy virus (HFV), a distinct member of the foamy virus subfamily of Retroviridae. Radiolabelied viral proteins were immunoprecipitated from HFV -infected cells by foamy virus antisera of human and non-human primate origin. Precipitated viral proteins were in the range of 31 K to 170K. Labelling of proteins with [\(^{14}\)C]glucosamine or with [\(^{35}\)S]methionine in the presence oftunicamycin, as well as endo-ß-N-acetylglycosaminidase Hand F treatment of [\(^{35}\)S]methionine-labelled proteins, revealed three viral glycoproteins of approximately 170K, 130K and 47K, most likely representing the env gene-encoded precursor, the surface glycoprotein and the transmembrane protein of HFV, respectively.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RethwilmMoriMaureretal.1990,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Mori, Kazuyasu and Maurer, Bernd and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Transacting transcriptional activation of human spumaretrovirus LTR in infected cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61488},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) was examined with respect to its ability to function as transcriptional promotor in virus-infected and uninfected cells. Transient transfections using a plasmid in which the 3' L TR of HSRV was coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol cetyltransferase (cat) gene revealed that the Ievei of HSRV LTR-directed cat gene expression was markedly increased in HSRV-infected cells compared to uninfected cells. Northern blot analysis of cat mRNA from transfected cultures suggests that transactivation of HSRVdirected gene expression occurs at the transcriptionallevel.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RethwilmBaunachNetzeretal.1990,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Baunach, Gerald and Netzer, Kai O. and Maurer, Bernd and Borisch, Bettina and ter Meulen, V.olker},
  title     = {Infectious DNA of the human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61495},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {An infectious molecular clone (pHSRV) of the human Spumaretrovirus (HSRV) was constructed using viral DNA and cDNA clones. The infectivity of pHSRV was proven by transfection of cell cultures and subsequent infection of susceptible cultures with cell free transfection derlved virus. pHSRV derived virus produced foamy virus typical cytopathic effects in susceptible cultures. lnfected cells could be stained specifically with foamy virus antisera by means of indirect immunofluorescence. Radiolmmunoprecipltatlon revealed the presence of characteristic HSRV structural proteins in pHSRV infected cultures. By cotransfection of pHSRV and an indicator plasmid it was found that pHSRV is able to transactivate the viral L TR. Viral transcripts were found to be approximately 200 bases Ionger in pHSRV infected cultures compared to wildtype infected cultures. This difference is most likely due to an Insertion of DNA of non-viral origin ln the U3 region of the 3'L TR of the infectious clone.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MoriRethwilmSchwinnetal.1990,
  author    = {Mori, Kazuyasu and Rethwilm, Axel and Schwinn, Andreas and Horak, Ivan},
  title     = {Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human t-cells expressing antisense RNA},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86426},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RethwilmBaunachMorietal.1990,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Baunach, Gerald and Mori, Kazuyasu and ter Meulen, Volker},
  title     = {Transactivation of HIV by human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86436},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {To study the activation of HIV by human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of HSRV, HIVl and HIV2 were examined with respect to their ability to function as transcriptional promoters in virus infected and uninfected cells. Transient transfections using plasmids in which the L TRs of the three viruses were coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CA T) gene revealed (i) the level of cat gene expression directed by the HSRV LTR was markedly increased in HSRV infected cells compared to uninfected cells, (ii) cat gene expression driven by the HIV1 LTR, but not by the HIV2 LTR could be enhanced upon HSRV infection, whereas (iii) neither in HIV1 nor in HIV2 infected cells an effect on HSRV LTR driven cat geneexpression was detected.},
  subject      = {HIV},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MaurerBannertRethwilmetal.1988,
  author    = {Maurer, B. and Bannert, H. and Rethwilm, Axel and Darai, B. and Fl{\"u}gel, R. M.},
  title     = {Characterization of the env gene and of two novel coding regions of the human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86334},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Recombinant clones harboring retroviral DNA were established. The nucleotide sequence of the central and 3' region of the genome of the human spumaretrovirus was determined. The 5' end of the deduced protein sequence was homologaus to the endonuclease domain of retroviral reverse transcriptases. A small intergenic region is followed by a lang open reading frame of 985 aminoacid residues that according to its genomic location and structural features is a typical retroviral env gene. Surprisingly, the postenv region contains two open reading frames that encodes two novel retroviral genes, termed bel-l and bel-2. The 3' LTR is 963 nucleotides lang and contains the signal sequences characteristic for transcriptional regulation of retrovirus genomes.},
  subject      = {Spumaviren},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FluegelRethwilmMaureretal.1987,
  author    = {Fl{\"u}gel, Rolf M. and Rethwilm, Axel and Maurer, Bernd and Darai, Gholamreza},
  title     = {Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61509},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {Recombinant clonesthat represent the 3' part ofthe genome of the human spumaretrovirus (foamy virus) were established from viral DNA and from DNA complementary to viral RNA. The recombinant clones were characterized by blot hybridizations and nucleotide sequence analysis. The deduced protein sequence of the clones at their 5' ends was found to be homologous to the 3' domain of retroviral reverse transcriptases. Downstream of a small intergerne pol-env region a long open reading frame of 985 amino acid residues was identified that according to its genomic location, size, glycosylation signals, and hydrophobicity protile closely resembles the lentiviral env genes. The spumaretroviral env gene is followed by two open reading frames, termed bel-l and bel-2 which are located between env and the long terminal repeat region. The long terminal repeat of 1259 nucleotides is preceded by a polypurine tract and contains the canonical signal sequences characteristic for transcriptional regulation of retroviruses. The provisional classitication of the spumaretrovirus subfamily is discussed.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RethwilmDaraiRoesenetal.1987,
  author    = {Rethwilm, Axel and Darai, G. and R{\"o}sen, A. and Maurer, Bernd and Fl{\"u}gel, Rolf M.},
  title     = {Molecular cloning of the genome of human spumaretrovirus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61518},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {DNA ofhuman spumaretrovirus (HSRV) was cloned from both cDNA and from viral DNA into phage A and bacterial plasmid vectors. The recombinant plasm.ids harboring viral DNA were characterized by Southern blot hybridization and restriction mapping. Physical maps were constructed from cDNA and found to be colinear with the restriction maps obtained from viral DNA. The recombinant clones isolated contained viral DNA inserts which rangein size from 2.2 kb to 15.4 kb. The recombinant clones allowed to construct a physical map of the complete HSRV provirus of 12.2 kb.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FluegelMaurerBannertetal.1987,
  author    = {Fl{\"u}gel, Rolf M. and Maurer, Bernd and Bannert, Helmut and Rethwilm, Axel and Schnitzler, Paul and Darai, Gholamreza},
  title     = {Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cloned DNA fragment from human cells reveals homology to retrotransposons},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61525},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {During molecular cloning of proviral DNA of human. spumaretroVirus, various recombinant clones were estabUshed and analyzed. Blot hybridization revealed that one of the recoinbinant plasmids bad the characteristic features of a member of the long interspersed repetitive sequences famlly. The DNA element was analyzed by restrictioil mapping and nuelootide sequencing. It showed a high degree of amino acid sequence homology of 54.3\% when conipared with the 5'-terminal part of the pol gelie product of the murine retrotransposon LIMd. The 3' region of the cloned DNA element encodes proteins witb an even higher degree of homology of 67.4\% in comparison to the corresponding parts of a member of the primate Kpnl sequence family.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeumannHaefelinRethwilmBaueretal.1983,
  author    = {Neumann-Haefelin, D. and Rethwilm, Axel and Bauer, G. and Gudat, F. and zur Hausen, H.},
  title     = {Characterization of a foamy virus isolated from Cercopithecus aethiops lymphoblastoid cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61538},
  year      = {1983},
  abstract  = {A virus derived from cells of a Iymphoblastoid line originating from the lymph node of a healthy African green monkey was characterized as a typical member of the foamy virus subgroup of rctroviridac by its morphological, physicochemical, biological and biochemical properties (reverse transcriptase actvity). Besides the usual host range of foamy viruses, the isolated strain revealed a remarkable T -lymphotropism, distinguishing it from the prototypes of foamy viruses previously isolated from African green monkeys. Two foamy virus infectious are demonstrated in human contacts of the African green monkey colony, with the animal barbauring the isolate.},
  subject      = {Virologie},
  language  = {en}
}