@incollection{Hirsch2013, author = {Hirsch, Jens}, title = {Die Rolle der Kommunen - das Beispiel der Mittelst{\"a}dte}, series = {Handelsimmobilien - Theoretische Ans{\"a}tze, empirische Ergebnisse}, booktitle = {Handelsimmobilien - Theoretische Ans{\"a}tze, empirische Ergebnisse}, publisher = {Verlag MetaGIS Infosysteme}, address = {Mannheim}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182602}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {121-140}, year = {2013}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, subject = {Einzelhandel}, language = {de} } @article{MeisterLangeAthinodorouUllmann2021, author = {Meister, Julia and Lange-Athinodorou, Eva and Ullmann, Tobias}, title = {Preface: Special Issue "Geoarchaeology of the Nile Delta"}, series = {E\&G Quarternary Science Journal}, volume = {70}, journal = {E\&G Quarternary Science Journal}, doi = {10.5194/egqsj-70-187-2021}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261195}, pages = {187-190}, year = {2021}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{RiyasSyedKumaretal.2021, author = {Riyas, Moidu Jameela and Syed, Tajdarul Hassan and Kumar, Hrishikesh and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {Detecting and analyzing the evolution of subsidence due to coal fires in Jharia coalfield, India using Sentinel-1 SAR data}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {8}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13081521}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236703}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Public safety and socio-economic development of the Jharia coalfield (JCF) in India is critically dependent on precise monitoring and comprehensive understanding of coal fires, which have been burning underneath for more than a century. This study utilizes New-Small BAseline Subset (N-SBAS) technique to compute surface deformation time series for 2017-2020 to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of coal fires in JCF. The line-of-sight (LOS) surface deformation estimated from ascending and descending Sentinel-1 SAR data are subsequently decomposed to derive precise vertical subsidence estimates. The most prominent subsidence (~22 cm) is observed in Kusunda colliery. The subsidence regions also correspond well with the Landsat-8 based thermal anomaly map and field evidence. Subsequently, the vertical surface deformation time-series is analyzed to characterize temporal variations within the 9.5 km\(^2\) area of coal fires. Results reveal that nearly 10\% of the coal fire area is newly formed, while 73\% persisted throughout the study period. Vulnerability analyses performed in terms of the susceptibility of the population to land surface collapse demonstrate that Tisra, Chhatatanr, and Sijua are the most vulnerable towns. Our results provide critical information for developing early warning systems and remediation strategies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mann2017, author = {Mann, Daniel}, title = {"The smell of Ujamaa is still there" - Tanzania's Path of Development between Grassroots Socialism and Central State Control in Ruvuma}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-066-5 (print)}, issn = {0510-9833}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-067-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154079}, school = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {332}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In the 1960s, when most African nations gained their independence after the age of colonialism, several theories and strategies emerged with the goal of "developing" these apparently "underdeveloped" territories. One of the most influential approaches for this task was represented in Julius K. Nyerere´s idea of Ujamaa, the Tanzanian version of African socialism. Even before the Arusha Declaration established Ujamaa as a national development strategy in 1967, several groups of politicized young farmers took to the empty countryside of Tanzania to implement their own version of cooperative development. From one of these attempts emerged the Ruvuma Development Association (RDA), which organized up to 18 villages in southwestern Tanzania. The RDA became the inspiration for Nyerere´s concretization of Ujamaa and its implementation on national level. Yet, the central state could not replicate the success of the peasants, which was based on voluntariness and intrinsic motivation. In 2015, this exploratory study has revisited the Region of Ruvuma. Through a case study approach, relying mostly on qualitative methods, new insights into the local history of Ujamaa and its perception have been gathered. In particular, narrative interviews with contemporary witnesses and group interviews with the present-day farmers' groups have been conducted. Furthermore, NGOs active within the region, as well as regional and local government institutions were among the key stakeholders identified to concretize the local narrative of Ujamaa development. All interviews were analyzed according to the principles of qualitative content analysis. Additionally, individual villager questionnaires were used to achieve a more holistic picture of the local perception of development, challenges and the Ujamaa era. None of the original Ujamaa groups of the times of the RDA was still operational at the time of research and no case of village-wide organization of collective agriculture could be observed. Nevertheless, in all of the three case study villages, several farmers' groups (vikundi) were active in organizing development activities for their members. Furthermore, the perception of the Ujamaa era was generally positive throughout all of the case study sites. Yet, there have been significant differences in this perception, based on the village, age, gender and field size of the recipients. Overall, the period of Ujamaa was seen as an inspiration for present-day group activities, and the idea of such activities as a remedy for the developmental challenges of these villages was common among all stakeholders. This thesis concludes that the positive perception of group activities as a vehicle for village development and the perception of Ujamaa history as a positive asset for the inception and organization of farmers' groups would be highly beneficial to further attempts to support such development activities. However, the limitations in market access and capital availability for these highly-motivated group members have to be addressed by public and private development institutions. Otherwise, "the smell of Ujamaa" will be of little use for the progress of these villages.}, subject = {Ujamaa-Sozialismus}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Strauch2011, author = {Strauch, Ulrike}, title = {Wassertemperaturbedingte Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen konventioneller thermischer Kraftwerke in Deutschland und die Entwicklung rezenter und zuk{\"u}nftiger Flusswassertemperaturen im Kontext des Klimawandels}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231015}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {XIX, 223}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit werden konventionelle thermische Kraftwerke an deutschen Fl{\"u}ssen identifiziert, bei denen aufgrund hoher Flusswassertemperaturen im Zusammenhang mit wasserrechtlichen Grenzwerten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen auftraten. Weiterhin wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Wassertemperaturen der Fl{\"u}sse in der Vergangenheit (rezent) entwickelt haben und wie sie sich zuk{\"u}nftig im Kontext des Klimawandels entwickeln k{\"o}nnten. Mittels Literaturrecherche, Medienanalyse und schriftlicher Befragung wurden konventionelle thermische Kraftwerke identifiziert, welche wassertemperaturbedingte Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen verzeichneten. Die meisten dieser Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen zwischen 1976 und 2007 zeigen sich bei großen Kraftwerken mit einer elektrischen Bruttoleistung {\"u}ber 300 Megawatt, bei Steinkohle- und Kernkraftwerken, bei Kraftwerken mit Durchlaufk{\"u}hlung und bei solchen, die zwischen 1960 und 1990 in Betrieb gingen. Trendanalysen interpolierter und homogenisierter, rezenter Wassertemperaturzeitreihen deutscher Fl{\"u}sse ergeben positive Trends v. a. im Fr{\"u}hjahr und Sommer. Die Z{\"a}hlstatistik zeigt in den Jahren 1994, 2003 und 2006 die meisten Tage mit sehr hohen und extrem hohen Wassertemperaturen in den Sommermonaten. In diesen Jahren traten gleichzeitig 63 \% aller identifizierter wassertemperaturbedingter Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen bei Kraftwerken, meist zwischen Juni und August, auf. F{\"u}r die Trendanalysen und den Mittelwertvergleich simulierter zuk{\"u}nftiger Wassertemperaturzeitreihen wurden drei Szenarien - B1, A1B und A2 sowie drei Zukunftsperioden 2011-2040, 2011/2041-2070, 2011/2071-2100 betrachtet. Es ergeben sich f{\"u}r die Zukunftsperiode 2011-2040 des A1B- oder A2-Szenarios in mindestens einem der Sommermonate eine Erw{\"a}rmung und f{\"u}r das B1-Szenario negative oder keine Trends. Die mittleren Wassertemperaturen der Zukunftsperiode 2011-2040 zeigen in allen drei Szenarien gegen{\"u}ber denen der Klimanormalperiode 1961-1990 positive Unterschiede in mindestens einem der Sommermonate. F{\"u}r die beiden sp{\"a}teren Zukunftsperioden bis 2070 bzw. bis 2100 liegen in allen Wassertemperaturzeitreihen der drei Szenarien im Sommer positive Trends bzw. Differenzen gegen{\"u}ber den mittleren Wassertemperaturen der Klimanormalperiode vor. Durch die Synthese der drei Analysen ist erkennbar, dass Isar, Rhein, Neckar, Saar, Elbe und Weser die meisten Kraftwerksstandorte mit wassertemperaturbedingten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen verzeichnen. Es zeigen sich hier positive Trends sowohl in den rezenten als auch zuk{\"u}nftigen Wassertemperaturen f{\"u}r die Zukunftsperiode 2011-2040 des A1B- und A2-Szenarios in jeweils mindestens einem der Sommermonate. Gegen{\"u}ber den mittleren Wassertemperaturen der Klimanormalperiode liegen f{\"u}r alle drei Szenarien positive Unterschiede der Wassertemperaturen vor. Bei einer Kraftwerkslaufzeit von 40-50 Jahren und einem Kernenergieausstieg 2022 bzw. 2034, werden 48-64 \% bzw. 67-91 \% der Kraftwerke mit wassertemperaturbedingten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen bis 2022 bzw. 2034 außer Betrieb gehen. Bei einer Laufzeitverl{\"a}ngerung w{\"u}rden nach 2022 f{\"u}nf der elf betroffenen Kernkraftwerke weiter am Netz bleiben. Somit kann es wieder zu wassertemperaturbedingten Leistungseinschr{\"a}nkungen kommen. In Deutschland sind nach wie vor große Kraftwerke an Fl{\"u}ssen geplant. Deren K{\"u}hlsysteme m{\"u}ssen entsprechend ausgew{\"a}hlt und konstruiert werden, um der zu erwartenden Erh{\"o}hung der Flusstemperaturen Rechnung zu tragen.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {de} } @article{AlavipanahWegmannQureshietal.2015, author = {Alavipanah, Sadroddin and Wegmann, Martin and Qureshi, Salman and Weng, Qihao and Koellner, Thomas}, title = {The role of vegetation in mitigating urban land surface temperatures: a case study of Munich, Germany during the warm season}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {7}, journal = {Sustainability}, doi = {10.3390/su7044689}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143447}, pages = {4689-4706}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is the phenomenon of altered increased temperatures in urban areas compared to their rural surroundings. UHIs grow and intensify under extreme hot periods, such as during heat waves, which can affect human health and also increase the demand for energy for cooling. This study applies remote sensing and land use/land cover (LULC) data to assess the cooling effect of varying urban vegetation cover, especially during extreme warm periods, in the city of Munich, Germany. To compute the relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Use Land Cover (LULC), MODIS eight-day interval LST data for the months of June, July and August from 2002 to 2012 and the Corine Land Cover (CLC) database were used. Due to similarities in the behavior of surface temperature of different CLCs, some classes were reclassified and combined to form two major, rather simplified, homogenized classes: one of built-up area and one of urban vegetation. The homogenized map was merged with the MODIS eight-day interval LST data to compute the relationship between them. The results revealed that (i) the cooling effect accrued from urban vegetation tended to be non-linear; and (ii) a remarkable and stronger cooling effect in terms of LST was identified in regions where the proportion of vegetation cover was between seventy and almost eighty percent per square kilometer. The results also demonstrated that LST within urban vegetation was affected by the temperature of the surrounding built-up and that during the well-known European 2003 heat wave, suburb areas were cooler from the core of the urbanized region. This study concluded that the optimum green space for obtaining the lowest temperature is a non-linear trend. This could support urban planning strategies to facilitate appropriate applications to mitigate heat-stress in urban area.}, language = {en} } @article{LauschBorgBumbergeretal.2018, author = {Lausch, Angela and Borg, Erik and Bumberger, Jan and Dietrich, Peter and Heurich, Marco and Huth, Andreas and Jung, Andr{\´a}s and Klenke, Reinhard and Knapp, Sonja and Mollenhauer, Hannes and Paasche, Hendrik and Paulheim, Heiko and Pause, Marion and Schweitzer, Christian and Schmulius, Christiane and Settele, Josef and Skidmore, Andrew K. and Wegmann, Martin and Zacharias, Steffen and Kirsten, Toralf and Schaepman, Michael E.}, title = {Understanding forest health with remote sensing, part III: requirements for a scalable multi-source forest health monitoring network based on data science approaches}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {10}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {7}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs10071120}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197691}, pages = {1120}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Forest ecosystems fulfill a whole host of ecosystem functions that are essential for life on our planet. However, an unprecedented level of anthropogenic influences is reducing the resilience and stability of our forest ecosystems as well as their ecosystem functions. The relationships between drivers, stress, and ecosystem functions in forest ecosystems are complex, multi-faceted, and often non-linear, and yet forest managers, decision makers, and politicians need to be able to make rapid decisions that are data-driven and based on short and long-term monitoring information, complex modeling, and analysis approaches. A huge number of long-standing and standardized forest health inventory approaches already exist, and are increasingly integrating remote-sensing based monitoring approaches. Unfortunately, these approaches in monitoring, data storage, analysis, prognosis, and assessment still do not satisfy the future requirements of information and digital knowledge processing of the 21st century. Therefore, this paper discusses and presents in detail five sets of requirements, including their relevance, necessity, and the possible solutions that would be necessary for establishing a feasible multi-source forest health monitoring network for the 21st century. Namely, these requirements are: (1) understanding the effects of multiple stressors on forest health; (2) using remote sensing (RS) approaches to monitor forest health; (3) coupling different monitoring approaches; (4) using data science as a bridge between complex and multidimensional big forest health (FH) data; and (5) a future multi-source forest health monitoring network. It became apparent that no existing monitoring approach, technique, model, or platform is sufficient on its own to monitor, model, forecast, or assess forest health and its resilience. In order to advance the development of a multi-source forest health monitoring network, we argue that in order to gain a better understanding of forest health in our complex world, it would be conducive to implement the concepts of data science with the components: (i) digitalization; (ii) standardization with metadata management after the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles; (iii) Semantic Web; (iv) proof, trust, and uncertainties; (v) tools for data science analysis; and (vi) easy tools for scientists, data managers, and stakeholders for decision-making support.}, language = {en} } @article{FaOliveroRealetal.2015, author = {Fa, John E. and Olivero, Jes{\´u}s and Real, Raimundo and Farf{\´a}n, Miguel A. and M{\´a}rquez, Ana L. and Vargas, J. Mario and Ziegler, Stefan and Wegmann, Martin and Brown, David and Margetts, Barrie and Nasi, Robert}, title = {Disentangling the relative effects of bushmeat availability on human nutrition in central Africa}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {5}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {8168}, doi = {10.1038/srep08168}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144110}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We studied links between human malnutrition and wild meat availability within the Rainforest Biotic Zone in central Africa. We distinguished two distinct hunted mammalian diversity distributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) containing taxa of lower hunting sustainability, the other in the northern rainforest-savanna mosaic, with species of greater hunting potential (Marginal Rainforest Diversity, MRD). Wild meat availability, assessed by standing crop mammalian biomass, was greater in MRD than in DRD areas. Predicted bushmeat extraction was also higher in MRD areas. Despite this, stunting of children, a measure of human malnutrition, was greater in MRD areas. Structural equation modeling identified that, in MRD areas, mammal diversity fell away from urban areas, but proximity to these positively influenced higher stunting incidence. In DRD areas, remoteness and distance from dense human settlements and infrastructures explained lower stunting levels. Moreover, stunting was higher away from protected areas. Our results suggest that in MRD areas, forest wildlife rational use for better human nutrition is possible. By contrast, the relatively low human populations in DRD areas currently offer abundant opportunities for the continued protection of more vulnerable mammals and allow dietary needs of local populations to be met.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kawohl2022, author = {Kawohl, Alexander}, title = {The Petrology and Geochemistry of Igneous Dykes above the Temagami Anomaly (Ontario, Canada) and their Relationship to the 1.85 Ga Sudbury Impact}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-27961}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-279617}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The area northeast of Sudbury, Ontario, is known for one of the largest unexplained geophysical anomalies on the Canadian Shield, the 1,200 km2 Temagami Anomaly. The geological cause of this regional magnetic, conductive and gravity feature has previously been modelled to be a mafic-ultramafic body at relatively great depth (2-15 km) of unknown age and origin, which may or may not be related to the meteorite impact-generated Sudbury Igneous Complex in its immediate vicinity. However, with a profound lack of outcrops and drill holes, the geological cause of the anomaly remains elusive, a genetic link to the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact event purely speculative. In search for any potential surface expression of the deep-seated cause of the Temagami Anomaly, this study provides a first, yet comprehensive petrological and geochemical assessment of exotic igneous dykes recently discovered in outcrops above, and drill cores into, the Temagami Anomaly. Based on cross-cutting field relations, petrographic studies, lithogeochemistry, whole-rock Nd-Sr-Pb isotope systematics, and U-Pb geochronology, it was possible to identify, and distinguish between, at least six different groups of igneous dykes: (i) Calc-alkaline quartz diorite dykes related to the 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (locally termed Offset Dykes); (ii) tholeiitic quartz diabase of the regional 2.22 Ga Nipissing Suite/Senneterre Dyke Swarm; (iii) calc-alkaline quartz diabase of the regional 2.17 Ga Biscotasing Dyke Swarm; (iv) alkaline ultrabasic dykes correlated with the 1.88-1.86 Ga Circum-Superior Large Igneous Province (LIP); and (v) aplitic dykes as well as (vi) a hornblende syenite, the latter two of more ambiguous age and stratigraphic position. The findings presented in this study - the discovery of three new Offset Dykes in particular - offer some unexpected insights into the geology and economic potential of one of the least explored areas of the world-class Sudbury Mining Camp as well as into the nature and distribution of both allochthonous and autochthonous impactites within one of the oldest and largest impact structures known on Earth. Not only do the geometric patterns of dyke (and breccia) distribution reaffirm previous notions of the existence of discrete ring structures in the sense of a ~200-km multi-ring basin, but they provide critical constraints as to the pre-erosional thickness and extent of the impact melt sheet, thus helping to identity new areas for Ni-Cu-PGE exploration. Furthermore, this study provides important insights into the pre-impact stratigraphy and the magmatic evolution of the region in general, which reveals to be much more complex, compositionally divers, and protracted than initially assumed. Of note is the discovery of rocks related to the 2.17 Ga Biscotasing and the 1.88-1.86 Ga Circum-Superior magmatic events, as these were not previously known to occur on the southeast margin of the Superior Craton. Shortly predating the Sudbury impact and being contemporaneous with ore-forming events at Thompson (Manitoba) and Raglan (Cape Smith), these magmatic rocks could provide the missing link between unusual mafic, pre-enriched, crustal target rocks, and the unique metal endowment of the Sudbury Impact Structure. The actual geological cause of the Temagami Anomaly remains open to debate and requires the downward extension of existing bore holes as well as more detailed geophysical investigations. The hypothesis of a genetic relationship between Sudbury impact event and Temagami Anomaly is neither borne out by any evidence nor particularly realistic, even in case of an oblique impact, and should thus be abandoned. It is instead proposed, based on circumstantial evidence, that the anomaly might be explained by an ultramafic complex of the 1.88-1.86 Ga Circum-Superior LIP.}, subject = {Impaktstruktur}, language = {en} } @book{Fuelling2022, author = {F{\"u}lling, Julia}, title = {Wonach schmeckt Herkunft? - {\"U}ber (Nicht-)Wissen beim Lebensmittelkonsum und die Bedeutung der Geographien und Biographien von frischem Obst und Gem{\"u}se}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-182-2}, issn = {2196-5811}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-183-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268869}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {x, 240}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Durch die globale Organisation von Lebensmittelwarenketten steht Konsument*innen heute ein vielf{\"a}ltiges, ganzj{\"a}hrig nahezu gleichbleibendes Angebot an frischem Obst und Gem{\"u}se im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel zur Verf{\"u}gung. Damit einher geht eine erh{\"o}hte Komplexit{\"a}t beim Lebensmitteleinkauf und ein ver{\"a}ndertes Wissen von Konsument*innen, {\"u}ber die Waren: Das eigene Erfahren der Lebensmittelproduktion ist im Alltag heute nicht mehr m{\"o}glich. Statt praktischem Wissen gewinnt damit explizites und objektiviertes Wissen {\"u}ber die Waren, z.B. in Form von Siegeln an Bedeutung. Viele Produkt- und Produktionseigenschaften entziehen sich zudem der Kenntnis der Konsument*innen, w{\"a}hrend gleichzeitig das Bewusstsein f{\"u}r Fragen sozialer und {\"o}kologischer Nachhaltigkeit steigt. Die vorliegende Studie geht vor diesem Hintergrund am Beispiel des Einkaufs von frischem Obst und Gem{\"u}se der Frage nach, welche Bedeutung die Herkunftsangabe als Hinweis auf die Geographien der Waren f{\"u}r die Bewertung von frischem Obst und Gem{\"u}se hat und welches Wissen Konsument*innen {\"u}ber Waren und deren Biographien haben. Es wird zudem aufgezeigt, welche Rolle Nichtwissen beim Lebensmittelkonsum spielt. Die Studie liefert Erkenntnisse f{\"u}r die bislang im deutschsprachigen Raum noch vergleichsweise wenig repr{\"a}sentierte Konsumgeographie und macht Konzepte aus der Wissens- und Organisationssoziologie f{\"u}r die wirtschaftsgeographische Forschung fruchtbar. Aus einer Praxisperspektive bietet sie Anschlusspunkte f{\"u}r Fragen des nachhaltigen Konsums sowie des Verbraucherschutzes.}, subject = {Konsum}, language = {de} } @techreport{MuellerSchererLorenzenAmmeretal.2022, author = {M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Ammer, Christian and Eisenhauer, Nico and Seidel, Dominik and Schuldt, Bernhard and Biedermann, Peter and Schmitt, Thomas and K{\"u}nzer, Claudia and Wegmann, Martin and Cesarz, Simone and Peters, Marcell and Feldhaar, Heike and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Claßen, Alice and B{\"a}ssler, Claus and von Oheimb, Goddert and Fichtner, Andreas and Thorn, Simon and Weisser, Wolfgang}, title = {BETA-FOR: Erh{\"o}hung der strukturellen Diversit{\"a}t zwischen Waldbest{\"a}nden zur Erh{\"o}hung der Multidiversit{\"a}t und Multifunktionalit{\"a}t in Produktionsw{\"a}ldern. Antragstext f{\"u}r die DFG Forschungsgruppe FOR 5375}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29084}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290849}, pages = {210}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Der in j{\"u}ngster Zeit beobachtete kontinuierliche Verlust der β-Diversit{\"a}t in {\"O}kosystemen deutet auf homogene Gemeinschaften auf Landschaftsebene hin, was haupts{\"a}chlich auf die steigende Landnutzungsintensit{\"a}t zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt wird. Biologische Vielfalt ist mit zahlreichen Funktionen und der Stabilit{\"a}t von {\"O}kosystemen verkn{\"u}pft. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass eine abnehmende β-Diversit{\"a}t auch die Multifunktionalit{\"a}t verringert. Wir kombinieren hier Fachwissen aus der Forstwissenschaft, der {\"O}kologie, der Fernerkundung, der chemischen {\"O}kologie und der Statistik in einem gemeinschaftlichen und experimentellen β-Diversit{\"a}tsdesign, um einerseits die Auswirkungen der Homogenisierung zu bewerten und andererseits Konzepte zu entwickeln, um negative Auswirkungen durch Homogenisierung in W{\"a}ldern r{\"u}ckg{\"a}ngig zu machen. Konkret werden wir uns mit der Frage besch{\"a}ftigen, ob die Verbesserung der strukturellen β-Komplexit{\"a}t (ESBC) in W{\"a}ldern durch Waldbau oder nat{\"u}rliche St{\"o}rungen die Biodiversit{\"a}t und Multifunktionalit{\"a}t in ehemals homogenen Produktionsw{\"a}ldern erh{\"o}hen kann. Unser Ansatz wird m{\"o}gliche Mechanismen hinter den beobachteten Homogenisierungs-Diversit{\"a}ts-Beziehungen identifizieren und zeigen, wie sich diese auf die Multifunktionalit{\"a}t auswirken. An elf Standorten in ganz Deutschland haben wir dazu zwei Waldbest{\"a}nde als zwei kleine "Waldlandschaften" ausgew{\"a}hlt. In einem dieser beiden Best{\"a}nde haben wir ESBC (Enhancement of Structural Beta Complexity)-Behandlungen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Im zweiten, dem Kontrollbestand, werden wir die gleich Anzahl 50x50m Parzellen ohne ESBC einrichten. Auf allen Parzellen werden wir 18 taxonomische Artengruppen aller trophischer Ebenen und 21 {\"O}kosystemfunktionen, einschließlich der wichtigsten Funktionen in W{\"a}ldern der gem{\"a}ßigten Zonen, messen. Der statistische Rahmen wird eine umfassende Analyse der Biodiversit{\"a}t erm{\"o}glichen, indem verschiedenen Aspekte (taxonomische, funktionelle und phylogenetische Vielfalt) auf verschiedenen Skalenebenen (α-, β-, γ-Diversit{\"a}t) quantifiziert werden. Um die Gesamtdiversit{\"a}t zu kombinieren, werden wir das Konzept der Multidiversit{\"a}t auf die 18 Taxa anwenden. Wir werden neue Ans{\"a}tze zur Quantifizierung und Aufteilung der Multifunktionalit{\"a}t auf α- und β-Skalen verwenden und entwickeln. Durch die experimentelle Beschreibung des Zusammenhangs zwischen β-Diversit{\"a}t und Multifunktionalit{\"a}t in einer Reallandschaft wird unsere Forschung einen neuen Weg einschlagen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden wir dazu beitragen, verbesserte Leitlinien f{\"u}r waldbauliche Konzepte und f{\"u}r das Management nat{\"u}rlicher St{\"o}rungen zu entwickeln, um Homogenisierungseffekte der Vergangenheit umzukehren.}, subject = {Wald{\"o}kosystem}, language = {en} } @article{BucheltSkovRasmussenetal.2022, author = {Buchelt, Sebastian and Skov, Kirstine and Rasmussen, Kerstin Kr{\o}ier and Ullmann, Tobias}, title = {Sentinel-1 time series for mapping snow cover depletion and timing of snowmelt in Arctic periglacial environments: case study from Zackenberg and Kobbefjord, Greenland}, series = {The Cryosphere}, volume = {16}, journal = {The Cryosphere}, number = {2}, doi = {10.5194/tc-16-625-2022}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300139}, pages = {625 -- 646}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Snow cover (SC) and timing of snowmelt are key regulators of a wide range of Arctic ecosystem functions. Both are strongly influenced by the amplified Arctic warming and essential variables to understand environmental changes and their dynamics. This study evaluates the potential of Sentinel-1 (S-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) time series for monitoring SC depletion and snowmelt with high spatiotemporal resolution to capture their understudied small-scale heterogeneity. We use 97 dual-polarized S-1 SAR images acquired over northeastern Greenland and 94 over southwestern Greenland in the interferometric wide swath mode from the years 2017 and 2018. Comparison of S-1 intensity against SC fraction maps derived from orthorectified terrestrial time-lapse imagery indicates that SAR backscatter can increase before a decrease in SC fraction is observed. Hence, the increase in backscatter is related to changing snowpack properties during the runoff phase as well as decreasing SC fraction. We here present a novel empirical approach based on the temporal evolution of the SAR signal to identify start of runoff (SOR), end of snow cover (EOS) and SC extent for each S-1 observation date during melt using backscatter thresholds as well as the derivative. Comparison of SC with orthorectified time-lapse imagery indicates that HV polarization outperforms HH when using a global threshold. The derivative avoids manual selection of thresholds and adapts to different environmental settings and seasonal conditions. With a global configuration (threshold: 4 dB; polarization: HV) as well as with the derivative, the overall accuracy of SC maps was in all cases above 75 \% and in more than half of cases above 90 \%. Based on the physical principle of SAR backscatter during snowmelt, our approach is expected to work well in other low-vegetation areas and, hence, could support large-scale SC monitoring at high spatiotemporal resolution (20 m, 6 d) with high accuracy.}, language = {en} } @article{RauchArnoldStuerneretal.2022, author = {Rauch, Sebastian and Arnold, Louisa and Stuerner, Zelda and Rauh, Juergen and Rost, Michael}, title = {A true choice of place of birth? Swiss women's access to birth hospitals and birth centers}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270834}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300159}, year = {2022}, abstract = {While the place of birth plays a crucial role for women's birth experiences, the interest in out-of-hospital births has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Related to this, various international policies recommend enabling women to choose where to give birth. We aimed to analyze Swiss women's choice between birth hospitals and birth centers. Employing spatial accessibility analysis, we incorporated four data types: highly disaggregated population data, administrative data, street network data, addresses of birth hospitals and birth centers. 99.8\% of Swiss women of childbearing age were included in the analysis (N = 1.896.669). We modelled car travel times from a woman's residence to the nearest birth hospital and birth center. If both birth settings were available within 30 minutes, a woman was considered to have a true choice. Only 58.2\% of women had a true choice. This proportion varied considerably across Swiss federal states. The main barrier to a true choice was limited accessibility of birth centers. Median travel time to birth hospitals was 9.8 (M = 12.5), to birth centers 23.9 minutes (M = 28.5). Swiss women are insufficiently empowered to exercise their reproductive autonomy as their choice of place of birth is significantly limited by geographical constraints. It is an ethical and medical imperative to provide women with a true choice. We provide high-resolution insights into the accessibility of birth settings and strong arguments to (re-)examine the need for further birth centers (and birth hospitals) in specific geographical areas. Policy-makers are obligated to improve the accessibility of birth centers to advance women's autonomy and enhance maternal health outcomes after childbirth. The Covid-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to shift policy.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MeyerJobLaneretal.2022, author = {Meyer, Constantin and Job, Hubert and Laner, Peter and Omizzolo, Andrea and Kollmann, Nadia and Clare, Jasmin and Vesely, Philipp and Riedler, Walter and Plassmann, Guido and Coronado, Oriana and Praper Gulič, Sergeja and Gulič, Andrej and Koblar, Simon and Teofili, Corrado and Rohringer, Verena and Schoßleitner, Richard and Ainz, Gerhard}, title = {OpenSpaceAlps Planungshandbuch: Perspektiven f{\"u}r eine konsistente Freiraumsicherung im Alpenraum}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-27307}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273070}, pages = {114}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Im Alpenraum l{\"a}sst sich nach wie vor die kontinuierliche Inanspruchnahme von Freir{\"a}umen f{\"u}r Siedlungsfl{\"a}chen und technische Infrastrukturen und die damit verbundene Bodenversiegelung beobachten. Dies f{\"u}hrt in erster Linie zum Verlust von landwirtschaftlichen Fl{\"a}chen. Je nach Ausmaß der Bebauung kommt es auch zu einer verst{\"a}rkten Landschaftszerschneidung, die zur Isolierung nat{\"u}rlicher Lebensr{\"a}ume und zur Einschr{\"a}nkung des {\"o}kologischen Verbundes sowie zu weiteren negativen Folgewirkungen f{\"u}hrt. Das OpenSpaceAlps Projekt hat sich dieser Thematik angenommen und, basierend auf kooperativen Verfahren in mehreren Pilotregionen, Handlungsans{\"a}tze und Strategien f{\"u}r eine nachhaltige Sicherung von Freir{\"a}umen entwickelt. Dieses Handbuch stellt eine Handlungs- und Entscheidungshilfe f{\"u}r verschiedene Akteure/Akteurinnen dar, allen voran Planer*innen in {\"o}ffentlichen Planungsbeh{\"o}rden. Ausgehend von einer Analyse der Herausforderungen und Rahmenbedingungen im Alpenraum, werden in diesem Handbuch zentrale „Prinzipien" der Freiraumplanung vorgestellt und verglichen. Außerdem werden integrierte Planungsstrategien f{\"u}r verschiedene Raumkategorien diskutiert.}, subject = {Raumordnung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wilde2022, author = {Wilde, Martina}, title = {Landslide susceptibility assessment in the Chiconquiaco Mountain Range area, Veracruz (Mexico)}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-27608}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276085}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In Mexico, numerous landslides occur each year and Veracruz represents the state with the third highest number of events. Especially the Chiconquiaco Mountain Range, located in the central part of Veracruz, is highly affected by landslides and no detailed information on the spatial distribution of existing landslides or future occurrences is available. This leaves the local population exposed to an unknown threat and unable to react appropriately to this hazard or to consider the potential landslide occurrence in future planning processes. Thus, the overall objective of the present study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the landslide situation in the Chiconquiaco Mountain Range area. Here, the combination of a site-specific and a regional approach enables to investigate the causes, triggers, and process types as well as to model the landslide susceptibility for the entire study area. For the site-specific approach, the focus lies on characterizing the Capul{\´i}n landslide, which represents one of the largest mass movements in the area. In this context, the task is to develop a multi-methodological concept, which concentrates on cost-effective, flexible and non-invasive methods. This approach shows that the applied methods complement each other very well and their combination allows for a detailed characterization of the landslide. The analyses revealed that the Capul{\´i}n landslide is a complex mass movement type. It comprises rotational movement in the upper parts and translational movement in the lower areas, as well as flow processes at the flank and foot area and therefore, is classified as a compound slide-flow according to Cruden and Varnes (1996). Furthermore, the investigations show that the Capul{\´i}n landslide represents a reactivation of a former process. This is an important new information, especially with regard to the other landslides identified in the study area. Both the road reconstructed after the landslide, which runs through the landslide mass, and the stream causing erosion processes at the foot of the landslide severely affect the stability of the landslide, making it highly susceptible to future reactivation processes. This is particularly important as the landslide is located only few hundred meters from the village El Capul{\´i}n and an extension of the landslide area could cause severe damage. The next step in the landslide assessment consists of integrating the data obtained in the site-specific approach into the regional analysis. Here, the focus lies on transferring the generated data to the entire study area. The developed methodological concept yields applicable results, which is supported by different validation approaches. The susceptibility modeling as well as the landslide inventory reveal that the highest probability of landslides occurrence is related to the areas with moderate slopes covered by slope deposits. These slope deposits comprise material from old mass movements and erosion processes and are highly susceptible to landslides. The results give new insights into the landslide situation in the Chiconquiaco Mountain Range area, since previously landslide occurrence was related to steep slopes of basalt and andesite. The susceptibility map is a contribution to a better assessment of the landslide situation in the study area and simultaneously proves that it is crucial to include specific characteristics of the respective area into the modeling process, otherwise it is possible that the local conditions will not be represented correctly.}, subject = {Naturgefahren}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ibebuchi2023, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie}, title = {Bias correction of climate model output for Germany}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-31264}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312647}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Regional climate models (RCMs) are tools used to project future climate change at a regional scale. Despite their high horizontal resolution, RCMs are characterized by systematic biases relative to observations, which can result in unrealistic interpretations of future climate change signals. On the other hand, bias correction (BC) is a popular statistical post-processing technique applied to improve the usability of output from climate models. Like every other statistical technique, BC has its strengths and weaknesses. Hence, within the regional context of Germany, and for temperature and precipitation, this study is dedicated to the assessment of the impact of different BC techniques on the RCM output. The focuses are on the impact of BC on the RCM's statistical characterization, and physical consistency defined as the spatiotemporal consistency between the bias-corrected variable and the simulated physical mechanisms governing the variable, as well as the correlations between the bias-corrected variable and other (simulated) climate variables. Five BC techniques were applied in adjusting the systematic biases in temperature and precipitation RCM outputs. The BC techniques are linear scaling, empirical quantile mapping, univariate quantile delta mapping, multivariate quantile delta mapping that considers inter-site dependencies, and multivariate quantile delta mapping that considers inter-variable dependencies (MBCn). The results show that each BC technique adds value in reducing the biases in the statistics of the RCM output, though the added value depends on several factors such as the temporal resolution of the data, choice of RCM, climate variable, region, and the metric used in evaluating the BC technique. Further, the raw RCMs reproduced portions of the observed modes of atmospheric circulation in Western Europe, and the observed temperature, and precipitation meteorological patterns in Germany. After the BC, generally, the spatiotemporal configurations of the simulated meteorological patterns as well as the governing large-scale mechanisms were reproduced. However, at a more localized spatial scale for the individual meteorological patterns, the BC changed the simulated co-variability of some grids, especially for precipitation. Concerning the co-variability among the variables, a physically interpretable positive correlation was found between temperature and precipitation during boreal winter in both models and observations. For most grid boxes in the study domain and on average, the BC techniques that do not adjust inter-variable dependency did not notably change the simulated correlations between the climate variables. However, depending on the grid box, the (univariate) BC techniques tend to degrade the simulated temporal correlations between temperature and precipitation. Further, MBCn which adjusts biases in inter-variable dependency has the skill to improve the correlations between the simulated variables towards observations.}, language = {en} } @article{IbebuchiSchoenbeinAdakudluetal.2022, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie and Sch{\"o}nbein, Daniel and Adakudlu, Muralidhar and Xoplaki, Elena and Paeth, Heiko}, title = {Comparison of three techniques to adjust daily precipitation biases from regional climate models over Germany}, series = {Water}, volume = {14}, journal = {Water}, number = {4}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w14040600}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262064}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study compares the performance of three bias correction (BC) techniques in adjusting simulated precipitation estimates over Germany. The BC techniques are the multivariate quantile delta mapping (MQDM) where the grids are used as variables to incorporate the spatial dependency structure of precipitation in the bias correction; empirical quantile mapping (EQM) and, the linear scaling (LS) approach. Several metrics that include first to fourth moments and extremes characterized by the frequency of heavy wet days and return periods during boreal summer were applied to score the performance of the BC techniques. Our results indicate a strong dependency of the relative performances of the BC techniques on the choice of the regional climate model (RCM), the region, the season, and the metrics of interest. Hence, each BC technique has relative strengths and weaknesses. The LS approach performs well in adjusting the first moment but tends to fall short for higher moments and extreme precipitation during boreal summer. Depending on the season, the region and the RCM considered, there is a trade-off between the relative performances of the EQM and the MQDM in adjusting the simulated precipitation biases. However, the MQDM performs well across all considered metrics. Overall, the MQDM outperforms the EQM in improving the higher moments and in capturing the observed return level of extreme summer precipitation, averaged over Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{NyamekyeThielSchoenbrodtStittetal.2018, author = {Nyamekye, Clement and Thiel, Michael and Sch{\"o}nbrodt-Stitt, Sarah and Zoungrana, Benewinde J.-B. and Amekudzi, Leonard K.}, title = {Soil and water conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {10}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {9}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su10093182}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197653}, pages = {3182}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Inadequate land management and agricultural activities have largely resulted in land degradation in Burkina Faso. The nationwide governmental and institutional driven implementation and adoption of soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) since the early 1960s, however, is expected to successively slow down the degradation process and to increase the agricultural output. Even though relevant measures have been taken, only a few studies have been conducted to quantify their effect, for instance, on soil erosion and environmental restoration. In addition, a comprehensive summary of initiatives, implementation strategies, and eventually region-specific requirements for adopting different SWCM is missing. The present study therefore aims to review the different SWCM in Burkina Faso and implementation programs, as well as to provide information on their effects on environmental restoration and agricultural productivity. This was achieved by considering over 143 studies focusing on Burkina Faso's experience and research progress in areas of SWCM and soil erosion. SWCM in Burkina Faso have largely resulted in an increase in agricultural productivity and improvement in food security. Finally, this study aims at supporting the country's informed decision-making for extending already existing SWCM and for deriving further implementation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{SteiningerAbelZiegleretal.2023, author = {Steininger, Michael and Abel, Daniel and Ziegler, Katrin and Krause, Anna and Paeth, Heiko and Hotho, Andreas}, title = {ConvMOS: climate model output statistics with deep learning}, series = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery}, volume = {37}, journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery}, number = {1}, issn = {1384-5810}, doi = {10.1007/s10618-022-00877-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324213}, pages = {136-166}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Climate models are the tool of choice for scientists researching climate change. Like all models they suffer from errors, particularly systematic and location-specific representation errors. One way to reduce these errors is model output statistics (MOS) where the model output is fitted to observational data with machine learning. In this work, we assess the use of convolutional Deep Learning climate MOS approaches and present the ConvMOS architecture which is specifically designed based on the observation that there are systematic and location-specific errors in the precipitation estimates of climate models. We apply ConvMOS models to the simulated precipitation of the regional climate model REMO, showing that a combination of per-location model parameters for reducing location-specific errors and global model parameters for reducing systematic errors is indeed beneficial for MOS performance. We find that ConvMOS models can reduce errors considerably and perform significantly better than three commonly used MOS approaches and plain ResNet and U-Net models in most cases. Our results show that non-linear MOS models underestimate the number of extreme precipitation events, which we alleviate by training models specialized towards extreme precipitation events with the imbalanced regression method DenseLoss. While we consider climate MOS, we argue that aspects of ConvMOS may also be beneficial in other domains with geospatial data, such as air pollution modeling or weather forecasts.}, subject = {Klima}, language = {en} } @article{IbebuchiSchoenbeinPaeth2022, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie and Sch{\"o}nbein, Daniel and Paeth, Heiko}, title = {On the added value of statistical post-processing of regional climate models to identify homogeneous patterns of summer rainfall anomalies in Germany}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {59}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {9-10}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-022-06258-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324122}, pages = {2769-2783}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A fuzzy classification scheme that results in physically interpretable meteorological patterns associated with rainfall generation is applied to classify homogeneous regions of boreal summer rainfall anomalies in Germany. Four leading homogeneous regions are classified, representing the western, southeastern, eastern, and northern/northwestern parts of Germany with some overlap in the central parts of Germany. Variations of the sea level pressure gradient across Europe, e.g., between the continental and maritime regions, is the major phenomenon that triggers the time development of the rainfall regions by modulating wind patterns and moisture advection. Two regional climate models (REMO and CCLM4) were used to investigate the capability of climate models to reproduce the observed summer rainfall regions. Both regional climate models (RCMs) were once driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and once by the MPI-ESM general circulation model (GCM). Overall, the RCMs exhibit good performance in terms of the regionalization of summer rainfall in Germany; though the goodness-of-match with the rainfall regions/patterns from observational data is low in some cases and the REMO model driven by MPI-ESM fails to reproduce the western homogeneous rainfall region. Under future climate change, virtually the same leading modes of summer rainfall occur, suggesting that the basic synoptic processes associated with the regional patterns remain the same over Germany. We have also assessed the added value of bias-correcting the MPI-ESM driven RCMs using a simple linear scaling approach. The bias correction does not significantly alter the identification of homogeneous rainfall regions and, hence, does not improve their goodness-of-match compared to the observed patterns, except for the one case where the original RCM output completely fails to reproduce the observed pattern. While the linear scaling method improves the basic statistics of precipitation, it does not improve the simulated meteorological patterns represented by the precipitation regimes.}, language = {en} } @article{GeyerLandingMeieretal.2023, author = {Geyer, Gerd and Landing, Ed and Meier, Stefan and H{\"o}hn, Stefan}, title = {Oldest known West Gondwanan graptolite: Ovetograptus? sp. (lower Agdzian/lowest Wuliuan; basal Middle Cambrian) of the Franconian Forest, Germany, and review of pre-Furongian graptolithoids}, series = {Pal{\"a}ontologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {97}, journal = {Pal{\"a}ontologische Zeitschrift}, number = {4}, issn = {0031-0220}, doi = {10.1007/s12542-022-00627-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324099}, pages = {677-686}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The occurrence of a likely graptolite in lowest Wuliuan strata of the Franconian Forest almost certainly records the oldest known graptolithoid hemichordate in West Gondwana and possibly the oldest graptolite presently known. The fossil is a delicate, erect, apparently unbranched rhabdosome with narrow thecae tentatively assigned to the poorly known genus Ovetograptus of the Dithecodendridae. This report includes an overview of pre-Furongian graptolithoids with slight corrections on the stratigraphic position of earlier reported species.}, language = {en} } @article{RaiZieglerAbeletal.2022, author = {Rai, P. and Ziegler, K. and Abel, D. and Pollinger, F. and Paeth, H.}, title = {Performance of a regional climate model with interactive vegetation (REMO-iMOVE) over Central Asia}, series = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, volume = {150}, journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, number = {3-4}, issn = {0177-798X}, doi = {10.1007/s00704-022-04233-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324155}, pages = {1385-1405}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The current study evaluates the regional climate model REMO (v2015) and its new version REMO-iMOVE, including interactive vegetation and plant functional types (PFTs), over two Central Asian domains for the period of 2000-2015 at two different horizontal resolutions (0.44° and 0.11°). Various statistical metrices along with mean bias patterns for precipitation, temperature, and leaf area index have been used for the model evaluation. A better representation of the spatial pattern of precipitation is found at 0.11° resolution over most of Central Asia. Regarding the mean temperature, both model versions show a high level of agreement with the validation data, especially at the higher resolution. This also reduces the biases in maximum and minimum temperature. Generally, REMO-iMOVE shows an improvement regarding the temperature bias but produces a larger precipitation bias compared to the REMO conventional version with interannually static vegetation. Since the coupled version is capable to simulate the mean climate of Central Asia like its parent version, both can be used for impact studies and future projections. However, regarding the new vegetation scheme and its spatiotemporal representation exemplified by the leaf area index, REMO-iMOVE shows a clear advantage over REMO. This better simulation is caused by the implementation of more realistic and interactive vegetation and related atmospheric processes which consequently add value to the regional climate model.}, language = {en} } @article{Libanda2023, author = {Libanda, Brigadier}, title = {Performance assessment of CORDEX regional climate models in wind speed simulations over Zambia}, series = {Modeling Earth Systems and Environment}, volume = {9}, journal = {Modeling Earth Systems and Environment}, number = {1}, issn = {2363-6203}, doi = {10.1007/s40808-022-01504-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324147}, pages = {253-262}, year = {2023}, abstract = {There is no single solution to cutting emissions, however, renewable energy projects that are backed by rigorous ex-ante assessments play an important role in these efforts. An inspection of literature reveals critical knowledge gaps in the understanding of future wind speed variability across Zambia, thus leading to major uncertainties in the understanding of renewable wind energy potential over the country. Several model performance metrics, both statistical and graphical were used in this study to examine the performance of CORDEX Africa Regional Climate Models (RCMs) in simulating wind speed across Zambia. Results indicate that wind speed is increasing at the rate of 0.006 m s\(^{-1}\) per year. RCA4-GFDL-ESM2M, RCA4-HadGEM2-ES, RCA4-IPSL-CM5A-MR, and RCA4-CSIRO-MK3.6.0 were found to correctly simulate wind speed increase with varying magnitudes on the Sen's estimator of slope. All the models sufficiently reproduce the annual cycle of wind speed with a steady increase being observed from April reaching its peak around August/September and beginning to drop in October. Apart from RegCM4-MPI-ESM and RegCM4-HadGEM2, the performance of RCMs in simulating spatial wind speed patterns is generally good although they overestimate it by ~ 1 m s\(^{-1}\) in the western and southern provinces of the country. Model performance metrics indicate that with a correlation coefficient of 0.5, a root mean square error of 0.4 m s\(^{-1}\), an RSR value of 7.7 and a bias of 19.9\%, RCA4-GFDL-ESM2M outperforms all other models followed by RCA4-HadGEM2, and RCA4-CM5A-MR respectively. These results, therefore, suggest that studies that use an ensemble of RCA4-GFDL-ESM2M, RCA4-HadGEM2, and RCA4-CM5A-MR would yield useful results for informing future renewable wind energy potential in Zambia.}, language = {en} } @article{KanmegneTamgaLatifiUllmannetal.2023, author = {Kanmegne Tamga, Dan and Latifi, Hooman and Ullmann, Tobias and Baumhauer, Roland and Thiel, Michael and Bayala, Jules}, title = {Modelling the spatial distribution of the classification error of remote sensing data in cocoa agroforestry systems}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {97}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {1}, issn = {0167-4366}, doi = {10.1007/s10457-022-00791-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324139}, pages = {109-119}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Cocoa growing is one of the main activities in humid West Africa, which is mainly grown in pure stands. It is the main driver of deforestation and encroachment in protected areas. Cocoa agroforestry systems which have been promoted to mitigate deforestation, needs to be accurately delineated to support a valid monitoring system. Therefore, the aim of this research is to model the spatial distribution of uncertainties in the classification cocoa agroforestry. The study was carried out in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire, close to the Ta{\"i} National Park. The analysis followed three steps (i) image classification based on texture parameters and vegetation indices from Sentinel-1 and -2 data respectively, to train a random forest algorithm. A classified map with the associated probability maps was generated. (ii) Shannon entropy was calculated from the probability maps, to get the error maps at different thresholds (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). Then, (iii) the generated error maps were analysed using a Geographically Weighted Regression model to check for spatial autocorrelation. From the results, a producer accuracy (0.88) and a user's accuracy (0.91) were obtained. A small threshold value overestimates the classification error, while a larger threshold will underestimate it. The optimal value was found to be between 0.3 and 0.4. There was no evidence of spatial autocorrelation except for a smaller threshold (0.2). The approach differentiated cocoa from other landcover and detected encroachment in forest. Even though some information was lost in the process, the method is effective for mapping cocoa plantations in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire.}, language = {en} } @article{FrimmelChakravartiBasei2022, author = {Frimmel, Hartwig E. and Chakravarti, Rajarshi and Basei, Miguel A. S.}, title = {Detrital zircon ages from Archaean conglomerates in the Singhbhum Craton, eastern India: implications on economic Au-U potential}, series = {Mineralium Deposita}, volume = {57}, journal = {Mineralium Deposita}, number = {8}, issn = {0026-4598}, doi = {10.1007/s00126-022-01121-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324084}, pages = {1499-1514}, year = {2022}, abstract = {New U-Pb age and Hf isotope data obtained on detrital zircon grains from Au- and U-bearing Archaean quartz-pebble conglomerates in the Singhbhum Craton, eastern India, specifically the Upper Iron Ore Group in the Badampahar Greenstone Belt and the Phuljhari Formation below the Dhanjori Group provide insights into the zircon provenance and maximum age of sediment deposition. The most concordant, least disturbed \(^{207}\)Pb/\(^{206}\)Pb ages cover the entire range of known magmatic and higher grade metamorphic events in the craton from 3.48 to 3.06 Ga and show a broad maximum between 3.38 and 3.18 Ga. This overlap is also mimicked by Lu-Hf isotope analyses, which returned a wide range in \(_{εHf}\)(t) values from + 6 to - 5, in agreement with the range known from zircon grains in igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Singhbhum Craton. A smaller but distinct age peak centred at 3.06 Ga corresponds to the age of the last major magmatic intrusive event, the emplacement of the Mayurbhanj Granite and associated gabbro, picrite and anorthosite. Thus, these intrusive rocks must form a basement rather than being intrusive into the studied conglomerates as previously interpreted. The corresponding detrital zircon grains all have a subchondritic Hf isotopic composition. The youngest reliable zircon ages of 3.03 Ga in the case of the basal Upper Iron Ore Group in the east of the craton and 3.00 Ga for the Phuljhari Formation set an upper limit on the age of conglomerate sedimentation. Previously published detrital zircon age data from similarly Au-bearing conglomerates in the Mahagiri Quartzite in the Upper Iron Ore Group in the south of the craton gave a somewhat younger maximum age of sedimentation of 2.91 Ga. There, the lower limit on sedimentation is given by an intrusive relationship with a c. 2.8 Ga granite. The time window thus defined for conglomerate deposition on the Singhbhum Craton is almost identical to the age span established for the, in places, Au- and U-rich conglomerates in the Kaapvaal Craton of South Africa: the 2.98-2.78 Ga Dominion Group and Witwatersrand Supergroup in South Africa. Since the recognition of first major concentration of gold on Earth's surface by microbial activity having taken place at around 2.9 Ga, independent of the nature of the hinterland, the above similarity in age substantially increases the potential for discovering Witwatersrand-type gold and/or uranium deposits on the Singhbhum Craton. Further age constraints are needed there, however, to distinguish between supposedly less fertile (with respect to Au) > 2.9 Ga and more fertile < 2.9 Ga successions.}, language = {en} } @article{Ibebuchi2023, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie}, title = {Circulation patterns linked to the positive sub-tropical Indian Ocean dipole}, series = {Advances in Atmospheric Sciences}, volume = {40}, journal = {Advances in Atmospheric Sciences}, number = {1}, issn = {0256-1530}, doi = {10.1007/s00376-022-2017-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324119}, pages = {110-128}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The positive phase of the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) is one of the climatic modes in the subtropical southern Indian Ocean that influences the austral summer inter-annual rainfall variability in parts of southern Africa. This paper examines austral summer rain-bearing circulation types (CTs) in Africa south of the equator that are related to the positive SIOD and the dynamics through which specific rainfall regions in southern Africa can be influenced by this relationship. Four austral summer rain-bearing CTs were obtained. Among the four CTs, the CT that featured (i) enhanced cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean; (ii) positive widespread rainfall anomaly in the southwest Indian Ocean; and (iii) low-level convergence of moisture fluxes from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean, tropical Indian Ocean, and the southwest Indian Ocean, over the south-central landmass of Africa, was found to be related to the positive SIOD climatic mode. The relationship also implies that positive SIOD can be expected to increase the amplitude and frequency of occurrence of the aforementioned CT. The linkage between the CT related to the positive SIOD and austral summer homogeneous regions of rainfall anomalies in Africa south of the equator showed that it is the principal CT that is related to the inter-annual rainfall variability of the south-central regions of Africa, where the SIOD is already known to significantly influence its rainfall variability. Hence, through the large-scale patterns of atmospheric circulation associated with the CT, the SIOD can influence the spatial distribution and intensity of rainfall over the preferred landmass through enhanced moisture convergence.}, language = {en} } @article{FaethKunzKneisel2022, author = {F{\"a}th, Julian and Kunz, Julius and Kneisel, Christof}, title = {Monitoring spatiotemporal soil moisture changes in the subsurface of forest sites using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)}, series = {Journal of Forestry Research}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of Forestry Research}, number = {5}, issn = {1007-662X}, doi = {10.1007/s11676-022-01498-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324073}, pages = {1649-1662}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The effects of drought on tree mortality at forest stands are not completely understood. For assessing their water supply, knowledge of the small-scale distribution of soil moisture as well as its temporal changes is a key issue in an era of climate change. However, traditional methods like taking soil samples or installing data loggers solely collect parameters of a single point or of a small soil volume. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a suitable method for monitoring soil moisture changes and has rarely been used in forests. This method was applied at two forest sites in Bavaria, Germany to obtain high-resolution data of temporal soil moisture variations. Geoelectrical measurements (2D and 3D) were conducted at both sites over several years (2015-2018/2020) and compared with soil moisture data (matric potential or volumetric water content) for the monitoring plots. The greatest variations in resistivity values that highly correlate with soil moisture data were found in the main rooting zone. Using the ERT data, temporal trends could be tracked in several dimensions, such as the interannual increase in the depth of influence from drought events and their duration, as well as rising resistivity values going along with decreasing soil moisture. The results reveal that resistivity changes are a good proxy for seasonal and interannual soil moisture variations. Therefore, 2D- and 3D-ERT are recommended as comparatively non-laborious methods for small-spatial scale monitoring of soil moisture changes in the main rooting zone and the underlying subsurface of forested sites. Higher spatial and temporal resolution allows a better understanding of the water supply for trees, especially in times of drought.}, language = {en} } @article{Ibebuchi2022, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie}, title = {Patterns of atmospheric circulation in Western Europe linked to heavy rainfall in Germany: preliminary analysis into the 2021 heavy rainfall episode}, series = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, volume = {148}, journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0177-798X}, doi = {10.1007/s00704-022-03945-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324100}, pages = {269-283}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The July 2021 heavy rainfall episode in parts of Western Europe caused devastating floods, specifically in Germany. This study examines circulation types (CTs) linked to extreme precipitation in Germany. It was investigated if the classified CTs can highlight the anomaly in synoptic patterns that contributed to the unusual July 2021 heavy rainfall in Germany. The North Atlantic Oscillation was found to be the major climatic mode related to the seasonal and inter-annual variations of most of the classified CTs. On average, wet (dry) conditions in large parts of Germany can be linked to westerly (northerly) moisture fluxes. During spring and summer seasons, the mid-latitude cyclone when located over the North Sea disrupts onshore moisture transport from the North Atlantic Ocean by westerlies driven by the North Atlantic subtropical anticyclone. The CT found to have the highest probability of being associated with above-average rainfall in large part of Germany features (i) enhancement and northward track of the cyclonic system over the Mediterranean; (ii) northward track of the North Atlantic anticyclone, further displacing poleward, the mid-latitude cyclone over the North Sea, enabling band of westerly moisture fluxes to penetrate Germany; (iii) cyclonic system over the Baltic Sea coupled with northeast fluxes of moisture to Germany; (iv) and unstable atmospheric conditions over Germany. In 2021, a spike was detected in the amplitude and frequency of occurrence of the aforementioned wet CT suggesting that in addition to the nearly stationary cut-off low over central Europe, during the July flood episode, anomalies in the CT contributed to the heavy rainfall event.}, language = {en} } @article{PhilippDietzUllmannetal.2023, author = {Philipp, Marius and Dietz, Andreas and Ullmann, Tobias and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {A circum-Arctic monitoring framework for quantifying annual erosion rates of permafrost coasts}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {15}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {3}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs15030818}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304447}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This study demonstrates a circum-Arctic monitoring framework for quantifying annual change of permafrost-affected coasts at a spatial resolution of 10 m. Frequent cloud coverage and challenging lighting conditions, including polar night, limit the usability of optical data in Arctic regions. For this reason, Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) data in the form of annual median and standard deviation (sd) Sentinel-1 (S1) backscatter images covering the months June-September for the years 2017-2021 were computed. Annual composites for the year 2020 were hereby utilized as input for the generation of a high-quality coastline product via a Deep Learning (DL) workflow, covering 161,600 km of the Arctic coastline. The previously computed annual S1 composites for the years 2017 and 2021 were employed as input data for the Change Vector Analysis (CVA)-based coastal change investigation. The generated DL coastline product served hereby as a reference. Maximum erosion rates of up to 67 m per year could be observed based on 400 m coastline segments. Overall highest average annual erosion can be reported for the United States (Alaska) with 0.75 m per year, followed by Russia with 0.62 m per year. Out of all seas covered in this study, the Beaufort Sea featured the overall strongest average annual coastal erosion of 1.12 m. Several quality layers are provided for both the DL coastline product and the CVA-based coastal change analysis to assess the applicability and accuracy of the output products. The predicted coastal change rates show good agreement with findings published in previous literature. The proposed methods and data may act as a valuable tool for future analysis of permafrost loss and carbon emissions in Arctic coastal environments.}, language = {en} } @article{KacicThonfeldGessneretal.2023, author = {Kacic, Patrick and Thonfeld, Frank and Gessner, Ursula and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {Forest structure characterization in Germany: novel products and analysis based on GEDI, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {15}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {8}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs15081969}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313727}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Monitoring forest conditions is an essential task in the context of global climate change to preserve biodiversity, protect carbon sinks and foster future forest resilience. Severe impacts of heatwaves and droughts triggering cascading effects such as insect infestation are challenging the semi-natural forests in Germany. As a consequence of repeated drought years since 2018, large-scale canopy cover loss has occurred calling for an improved disturbance monitoring and assessment of forest structure conditions. The present study demonstrates the potential of complementary remote sensing sensors to generate wall-to-wall products of forest structure for Germany. The combination of high spatial and temporal resolution imagery from Sentinel-1 (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) and Sentinel-2 (multispectral) with novel samples on forest structure from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI, LiDAR, Light detection and ranging) enables the analysis of forest structure dynamics. Modeling the three-dimensional structure of forests from GEDI samples in machine learning models reveals the recent changes in German forests due to disturbances (e.g., canopy cover degradation, salvage logging). This first consistent data set on forest structure for Germany from 2017 to 2022 provides information of forest canopy height, forest canopy cover and forest biomass and allows estimating recent forest conditions at 10 m spatial resolution. The wall-to-wall maps of the forest structure support a better understanding of post-disturbance forest structure and forest resilience.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Philipp2023, author = {Philipp, Marius Balthasar}, title = {Quantifying the Effects of Permafrost Degradation in Arctic Coastal Environments via Satellite Earth Observation}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-34563}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345634}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Permafrost degradation is observed all over the world as a consequence of climate change and the associated Arctic amplification, which has severe implications for the environment. Landslides, increased rates of surface deformation, rising likelihood of infrastructure damage, amplified coastal erosion rates, and the potential turnover of permafrost from a carbon sink to a carbon source are thereby exemplary implications linked to the thawing of frozen ground material. In this context, satellite earth observation is a potent tool for the identification and continuous monitoring of relevant processes and features on a cheap, long-term, spatially explicit, and operational basis as well as up to a circumpolar scale. A total of 325 articles published in 30 different international journals during the past two decades were investigated on the basis of studied environmental foci, remote sensing platforms, sensor combinations, applied spatio-temporal resolutions, and study locations in an extensive review on past achievements, current trends, as well as future potentials and challenges of satellite earth observation for permafrost related analyses. The development of analysed environmental subjects, utilized sensors and platforms, and the number of annually published articles over time are addressed in detail. Studies linked to atmospheric features and processes, such as the release of greenhouse gas emissions, appear to be strongly under-represented. Investigations on the spatial distribution of study locations revealed distinct study clusters across the Arctic. At the same time, large sections of the continuous permafrost domain are only poorly covered and remain to be investigated in detail. A general trend towards increasing attention in satellite earth observation of permafrost and related processes and features was observed. The overall amount of published articles hereby more than doubled since the year 2015. New sources of satellite data, such as the Sentinel satellites and the Methane Remote Sensing LiDAR Mission (Merlin), as well as novel methodological approaches, such as data fusion and deep learning, will thereby likely improve our understanding of the thermal state and distribution of permafrost, and the effects of its degradation. Furthermore, cloud-based big data processing platforms (e.g. Google Earth Engine (GEE)) will further enable sophisticated and long-term analyses on increasingly larger scales and at high spatial resolutions. In this thesis, a specific focus was put on Arctic permafrost coasts, which feature increasing vulnerability to environmental parameters, such as the thawing of frozen ground, and are therefore associated with amplified erosion rates. In particular, a novel monitoring framework for quantifying Arctic coastal erosion rates within the permafrost domain at high spatial resolution and on a circum-Arctic scale is presented within this thesis. Challenging illumination conditions and frequent cloud cover restrict the applicability of optical satellite imagery in Arctic regions. In order to overcome these limitations, Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) data derived from Sentinel-1 (S1), which is largely independent from sun illumination and weather conditions, was utilized. Annual SAR composites covering the months June-September were combined with a Deep Learning (DL) framework and a Change Vector Analysis (CVA) approach to generate both a high-quality and circum-Arctic coastline product as well as a coastal change product that highlights areas of erosion and build-up. Annual composites in the form of standard deviation (sd) and median backscatter were computed and used as inputs for both the DL framework and the CVA coastal change quantification. The final DL-based coastline product covered a total of 161,600 km of Arctic coastline and featured a median accuracy of ±6.3 m to the manually digitized reference data. Annual coastal change quantification between 2017-2021 indicated erosion rates of up to 67 m per year for some areas based on 400 m coastal segments. In total, 12.24\% of the investigated coastline featured an average erosion rate of 3.8 m per year, which corresponds to 17.83 km2 of annually eroded land area. Multiple quality layers associated to both products, the generated DL-coastline and the coastal change rates, are provided on a pixel basis to further assess the accuracy and applicability of the proposed data, methods, and products. Lastly, the extracted circum-Arctic erosion rates were utilized as a basis in an experimental framework for estimating the amount of permafrost and carbon loss as a result of eroding permafrost coastlines. Information on permafrost fraction, Active Layer Thickness (ALT), soil carbon content, and surface elevation were thereby combined with the aforementioned erosion rates. While the proposed experimental framework provides a valuable outline for quantifying the volume loss of frozen ground and carbon release, extensive validation of the utilized environmental products and resulting volume loss numbers based on 200 m segments are necessary. Furthermore, data of higher spatial resolution and information of carbon content for deeper soil depths are required for more accurate estimates.}, subject = {Dauerfrostboden}, language = {en} } @article{ReinersSobrinoKuenzer2023, author = {Reiners, Philipp and Sobrino, Jos{\´e} and Kuenzer, Claudia}, title = {Satellite-derived land surface temperature dynamics in the context of global change — a review}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {15}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {7}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs15071857}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311120}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) dynamics have been increasingly used to study various geophysical processes. This review provides an extensive overview of the applications of LST in the context of global change. By filtering a selection of relevant keywords, a total of 164 articles from 14 international journals published during the last two decades were analyzed based on study location, research topic, applied sensor, spatio-temporal resolution and scale and employed analysis methods. It was revealed that China and the USA were the most studied countries and those that had the most first author affiliations. The most prominent research topic was the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI), while the research topics related to climate change were underrepresented. MODIS was by far the most used sensor system, followed by Landsat. A relatively small number of studies analyzed LST dynamics on a global or continental scale. The extensive use of MODIS highly determined the study periods: A majority of the studies started around the year 2000 and thus had a study period shorter than 25 years. The following suggestions were made to increase the utilization of LST time series in climate research: The prolongation of the time series by, e.g., using AVHRR LST, the better representation of LST under clouds, the comparison of LST to traditional climate change measures, such as air temperature and reanalysis variables, and the extension of the validation to heterogenous sites.}, language = {en} } @article{DhillonKuebertFlockDahmsetal.2023, author = {Dhillon, Maninder Singh and K{\"u}bert-Flock, Carina and Dahms, Thorsten and Rummler, Thomas and Arnault, Joel and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Ullmann, Tobias}, title = {Evaluation of MODIS, Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data for accurate crop yield predictions: a case study using STARFM NDVI in Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {15}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {7}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs15071830}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311132}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The increasing availability and variety of global satellite products and the rapid development of new algorithms has provided great potential to generate a new level of data with different spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions. However, the ability of these synthetic spatiotemporal datasets to accurately map and monitor our planet on a field or regional scale remains underexplored. This study aimed to support future research efforts in estimating crop yields by identifying the optimal spatial (10 m, 30 m, or 250 m) and temporal (8 or 16 days) resolutions on a regional scale. The current study explored and discussed the suitability of four different synthetic (Landsat (L)-MOD13Q1 (30 m, 8 and 16 days) and Sentinel-2 (S)-MOD13Q1 (10 m, 8 and 16 days)) and two real (MOD13Q1 (250 m, 8 and 16 days)) NDVI products combined separately to two widely used crop growth models (CGMs) (World Food Studies (WOFOST), and the semi-empiric Light Use Efficiency approach (LUE)) for winter wheat (WW) and oil seed rape (OSR) yield forecasts in Bavaria (70,550 km\(^2\)) for the year 2019. For WW and OSR, the synthetic products' high spatial and temporal resolution resulted in higher yield accuracies using LUE and WOFOST. The observations of high temporal resolution (8-day) products of both S-MOD13Q1 and L-MOD13Q1 played a significant role in accurately measuring the yield of WW and OSR. For example, L- and S-MOD13Q1 resulted in an R\(^2\) = 0.82 and 0.85, RMSE = 5.46 and 5.01 dt/ha for WW, R\(^2\) = 0.89 and 0.82, and RMSE = 2.23 and 2.11 dt/ha for OSR using the LUE model, respectively. Similarly, for the 8- and 16-day products, the simple LUE model (R\(^2\) = 0.77 and relative RMSE (RRMSE) = 8.17\%) required fewer input parameters to simulate crop yield and was highly accurate, reliable, and more precise than the complex WOFOST model (R\(^2\) = 0.66 and RRMSE = 11.35\%) with higher input parameters. Conclusively, both S-MOD13Q1 and L-MOD13Q1, in combination with LUE, were more prominent for predicting crop yields on a regional scale than the 16-day products; however, L-MOD13Q1 was advantageous for generating and exploring the long-term yield time series due to the availability of Landsat data since 1982, with a maximum resolution of 30 m. In addition, this study recommended the further use of its findings for implementing and validating the long-term crop yield time series in different regions of the world.}, language = {en} } @article{BenderRothJob2017, author = {Bender, Oliver and Roth, Charlotte E. and Job, Hubert}, title = {Protected areas and population development in the alps}, series = {eco.mont : Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management}, volume = {9}, journal = {eco.mont : Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management}, number = {Special issue}, doi = {10.1553/eco.mont-9-sis5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181901}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nearly a quarter of the Alpine area is covered by a dense network of large protected areas (LPAs) of the four categories national park(NP), biosphere reserve (BR), nature park and world natural heritage site (WNHS). From the time of early industrialization, the Alpine area has undergone a mixed and increasingly polarized demographic development between the poles of immigration and emigration. This article investigates the possible mutual impact of population development and the existence of LPAs. The research design includes a quantitative survey of all Alpine LPAs in terms of their population development and the structure of immigration in the first decade of the 21st century. This will be linked with qualitative expert interviews in four selected NPs. The overall results allow an interpretation of the statistical correlations between type of LPA and migration.}, language = {en} } @article{SenaratneMuehlbauerKiefletal.2023, author = {Senaratne, Hansi and M{\"u}hlbauer, Martin and Kiefl, Ralph and C{\´a}rdenas, Andrea and Prathapan, Lallu and Riedlinger, Torsten and Biewer, Carolin and Taubenb{\"o}ck, Hannes}, title = {The Unseen — an investigative analysis of thematic and spatial coverage of news on the ongoing refugee crisis in West Africa}, series = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, volume = {12}, journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, number = {4}, issn = {2220-9964}, doi = {10.3390/ijgi12040175}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313607}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The fastest growing regional crisis is happening in West Africa today, with over 8 million people considered persons of concern. A culmination of identity politics, climate-driven disasters, and extreme poverty has led to this humanitarian crisis in the region and is exacerbated by a lack of political will and misplaced media attention. The current state of the art does not present sufficient investigations of the thematic and spatial coverage of news media of this crisis in this region. This paper studies the spatial coverage of this crisis as reported in the media, and the themes associated with those locations, based on a curated dataset. For the time frame 12 March to 15 September 2021, 2017 news articles related to the refugee crisis in West Africa were examined and manually coded based on (1) the geographical locations mentioned in each article; (2) the themes found in the articles in reference to a location (e.g., Relocation of people in Abuja). The dataset introduces a thematic dimension, as never achieved before, to the conflict-ridden areas in West Africa. A comparative analysis with UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) data showed that 96.8\% of refugee-related locations in West Africa were not covered by news during the considered time frame. Contrastingly, 80.4\% of locations mentioned in the news do not appear in the UNHCR repository. Most news articles published during this time frame reported on Development aid or Political statements. Linear multiple regression analysis showed GDP per capita and political stability to be among the most influential determinants of news coverage.}, language = {en} } @article{LatifiHolzwarthSkidmoreetal.2021, author = {Latifi, Hooman and Holzwarth, Stefanie and Skidmore, Andrew and Brůna, Josef and Červenka, Jaroslav and Darvishzadeh, Roshanak and Hais, Martin and Heiden, Uta and Homolov{\´a}, Lucie and Krzystek, Peter and Schneider, Thomas and Star{\´y}, Martin and Wang, Tiejun and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Heurich, Marco}, title = {A laboratory for conceiving Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs)—The 'Data pool initiative for the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem'}, series = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {12}, journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.13695}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262743}, pages = {2073-2083}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Effects of climate change-induced events on forest ecosystem dynamics of composition, function and structure call for increased long-term, interdisciplinary and integrated research on biodiversity indicators, in particular within strictly protected areas with extensive non-intervention zones. The long-established concept of forest supersites generally relies on long-term funds from national agencies and goes beyond the logistic and financial capabilities of state- or region-wide protected area administrations, universities and research institutes. We introduce the concept of data pools as a smaller-scale, user-driven and reasonable alternative to co-develop remote sensing and forest ecosystem science to validated products, biodiversity indicators and management plans. We demonstrate this concept with the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem Data Pool, which has been established as an interdisciplinary, international data pool within the strictly protected Bavarian Forest and Šumava National Parks and currently comprises 10 active partners. We demonstrate how the structure and impact of the data pool differs from comparable cases. We assessed the international influence and visibility of the data pool with the help of a systematic literature search and a brief analysis of the results. Results primarily suggest an increase in the impact and visibility of published material during the life span of the data pool, with highest visibilities achieved by research conducted on leaf traits, vegetation phenology and 3D-based forest inventory. We conclude that the data pool results in an efficient contribution to the concept of global biodiversity observatory by evolving towards a training platform, functioning as a pool of data and algorithms, directly communicating with management for implementation and providing test fields for feasibility studies on earth observation missions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fekete2018, author = {Fekete, Alexander}, title = {Urban Disaster Resilience and Critical Infrastructure}, isbn = {978-3-946573-13-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163251}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {89}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Urban areas are population, culture and infrastructure concentration points. Electricity blackouts or interruptions of water supply severely affect people when happening unexpected and at large scale. Interruptions of such infrastructure supply services alone have the potential to trigger crises. But when happening in concert with or as a secondary effect of an earthquake, for example, the crisis situation is often aggravated. This is the case for any country, but it has been observed that even highly industrialised countries face severe risks when their degree of acquired dependency on services of what is termed Critical Infrastructure results in even bigger losses when occurring unexpectedly in a setting that usually has high reliability of services.}, subject = {Risikomanagement}, language = {en} } @article{DietrichMeisterDietrichetal.2019, author = {Dietrich, Laura and Meister, Julia and Dietrich, Oliver and Notroff, Jens and Kiep, Janika and Heeb, Julia and Beuger, Andr{\´e} and Sch{\"u}tt, Brigitta}, title = {Cereal processing at Early Neolithic G{\"o}bekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {14}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201504}, pages = {e0215214}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We analyze the processing of cereals and its role at Early Neolithic G{\"o}bekli Tepe, southeastern Anatolia (10th / 9th millennium BC), a site that has aroused much debate in archaeological discourse. To date, only zooarchaeological evidence has been discussed in regard to the subsistence of its builders. G{\"o}bekli Tepe consists of monumental round to oval buildings, erected in an earlier phase, and smaller rectangular buildings, built around them in a partially contemporaneous and later phase. The monumental buildings are best known as they were in the focus of research. They are around 20 m in diameter and have stone pillars that are up to 5.5 m high and often richly decorated. The rectangular buildings are smaller and-in some cases-have up to 2 m high, mostly undecorated, pillars. Especially striking is the number of tools related to food processing, including grinding slabs/bowls, handstones, pestles, and mortars, which have not been studied before. We analyzed more than 7000 artifacts for the present contribution. The high frequency of artifacts is unusual for contemporary sites in the region. Using an integrated approach of formal, experimental, and macro- / microscopical use-wear analyses we show that Neolithic people at G{\"o}bekli Tepe have produced standardized and efficient grinding tools, most of which have been used for the processing of cereals. Additional phytolith analysis confirms the massive presence of cereals at the site, filling the gap left by the weakly preserved charred macro-rests. The organization of work and food supply has always been a central question of research into G{\"o}bekli Tepe, as the construction and maintenance of the monumental architecture would have necessitated a considerable work force. Contextual analyses of the distribution of the elements of the grinding kit on site highlight a clear link between plant food preparation and the rectangular buildings and indicate clear delimitations of working areas for food production on the terraces the structures lie on, surrounding the circular buildings. There is evidence for extensive plant food processing and archaeozoological data hint at large-scale hunting of gazelle between midsummer and autumn. As no large storage facilities have been identified, we argue for a production of food for immediate use and interpret these seasonal peaks in activity at the site as evidence for the organization of large work feasts.}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerPetersThieletal.2021, author = {Meyer, Constantin and Peters, Jan Christoph and Thiel, Michael and Rathmann, Joachim and Job, Hubert}, title = {Monitoring von Freifl{\"a}cheninanspruchnahme und -versiegelung f{\"u}r eine nachhaltige Raumentwicklung in Bayern}, series = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung}, volume = {79}, journal = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung}, number = {2}, doi = {10.14512/rur.40}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261622}, pages = {172-189}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Im Freistaat Bayern wird intensiv diskutiert, wie die nach wie vor hohe Freifl{\"a}cheninanspruchnahme f{\"u}r Siedlungs- und Verkehrszwecke reduziert werden kann. Wissenschaftliche Grundlage f{\"u}r Steuerungsans{\"a}tze in der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung sollte ein verbessertes staatliches Fl{\"a}chenmonitoring sein, welches {\"u}ber die amtliche Statistik und deren Hauptindikator "Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfl{\"a}che" hinaus auch die qualitative Dimension der Fl{\"a}cheninanspruchnahme einbezieht. Daf{\"u}r stellt dieser Beitrag methodische Erweiterungsans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r das Fl{\"a}chenmonitoring vor, welche kleinr{\"a}umige Analysen der Zersiedelung, Freiraumstruktur, Fl{\"a}chenversiegelung und {\"O}kosystemleistungen am Beispiel des Landkreises Rh{\"o}n-Grabfeld aufzeigen. Diese werden im Kontext der Debatte zu Ursachen und Steuerung der Freifl{\"a}cheninanspruchnahme sowie zu aktuellen Anforderungen an das Fl{\"a}chenmonitoring diskutiert. Betont wird deren Bedeutung f{\"u}r das Monitoring rechtlicher Vorgaben und politischer Ziele zur nachhaltigen Fl{\"a}chennutzung.}, language = {de} } @article{RoeschBiesterBogenriederetal.2017, author = {R{\"o}sch, Manfred and Biester, Harald and Bogenrieder, Arno and Eckmeier, Eileen and Ehrmann, Otto and Gerlach, Renate and Hall, Mathias and Hartkopf-Fr{\"o}der, Christoph and Herrmann, Ludger and Kury, Birgit and Lechterbeck, Jutta and Schier, Wolfram and Schulz, Erhard}, title = {Late neolithic agriculture in temperate Europe—a long-term experimental approach}, series = {Land}, volume = {6}, journal = {Land}, number = {1}, issn = {2073-445X}, doi = {10.3390/land6010011}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198103}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Long-term slash-and-burn experiments, when compared with intensive tillage without manuring, resulted in a huge data set relating to potential crop yields, depending on soil quality, crop type, and agricultural measures. Cultivation without manuring or fallow phases did not produce satisfying yields, and mono-season cropping on freshly cleared and burned plots resulted in rather high yields, comparable to those produced during modern industrial agriculture - at least ten-fold the ones estimated for the medieval period. Continuous cultivation on the same plot, using imported wood from adjacent areas as fuel, causes decreasing yields over several years. The high yield of the first harvest of a slash-and-burn agriculture is caused by nutrient input through the ash produced and mobilization from the organic matter of the topsoil, due to high soil temperatures during the burning process and higher topsoil temperatures due to the soil's black surface. The harvested crops are pure, without contamination of any weeds. Considering the amount of work required to fight weeds without burning, the slash-and-burn technique yields much better results than any other tested agricultural approach. Therefore, in dense woodland, without optimal soils and climate, slash-and-burn agriculture seems to be the best, if not the only, feasible method to start agriculture, for example, during the Late Neolithic, when agriculture expanded from the loess belt into landscapes less suitable for agriculture. Extensive and cultivation with manuring is more practical in an already-open landscape and with a denser population, but its efficiency in terms of the ratio of the manpower input to food output, is worse. Slash-and-burn agriculture is not only a phenomenon of temperate European agriculture during the Neolithic, but played a major role in land-use in forested regions worldwide, creating anthromes on a huge spatial scale.}, language = {en} } @article{UllmannMoellerBaumhaueretal.2022, author = {Ullmann, Tobias and M{\"o}ller, Eric and Baumhauer, Roland and Lange-Athinodorou, Eva and Meister, Julia}, title = {A new Google Earth Engine tool for spaceborne detection of buried palaeogeographical features - examples from the Nile Delta (Egypt)}, series = {E\&G Quaternary Science Journal}, volume = {71}, journal = {E\&G Quaternary Science Journal}, number = {2}, doi = {10.5194/egqsj-71-243-2022}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300164}, pages = {243-247}, year = {2022}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{UllmannNillSchiestletal.2020, author = {Ullmann, Tobias and Nill, Leon and Schiestl, Robert and Trappe, Julian and Lange-Athinodorou, Eva and Baumhauer, Roland and Meister, Julia}, title = {Mapping buried paleogeographical features of the Nile Delta (Egypt) using the Landsat archive}, series = {E\&G Quartnerny Science Journal}, volume = {69}, journal = {E\&G Quartnerny Science Journal}, number = {2}, doi = {10.5194/egqsj-69-225-2020}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230349}, pages = {225-245}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The contribution highlights the use of Landsat spectral-temporal metrics (STMs) for the detection of surface anomalies that are potentially related to buried near-surface paleogeomorphological deposits in the Nile Delta (Egypt), in particular for a buried river branch close to Buto. The processing was completed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for the entire Nile Delta and for selected seasons of the year (summer/winter) using Landsat data from 1985 to 2019. We derived the STMs of the tasseled cap transformation (TC), the Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI), and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). These features were compared to historical topographic maps of the Survey of Egypt, CORONA imagery, the digital elevation model of the TanDEM-X mission, and modern high-resolution satellite imagery. The results suggest that the extent of channels is best revealed when differencing the median NDWI between summer (July/August) and winter (January/February) seasons (ΔNDWI). The observed difference is likely due to lower soil/plant moisture during summer, which is potentially caused by coarser-grained deposits and the morphology of the former levee. Similar anomalies were found in the immediate surroundings of several Pleistocene sand hills ("geziras") and settlement mounds ("tells") of the eastern delta, which allowed some mapping of the potential near-surface continuation. Such anomalies were not observed for the surroundings of tells of the western Nile Delta. Additional linear and meandering ΔNDWI anomalies were found in the eastern Nile Delta in the immediate surroundings of the ancient site of Bubastis (Tell Basta), as well as several kilometers north of Zagazig. These anomalies might indicate former courses of Nile river branches. However, the ΔNDWI does not provide an unambiguous delineation.}, language = {en} } @article{KunzKneisel2021, author = {Kunz, Julius and Kneisel, Christof}, title = {Three-dimensional investigation of an open- and a closed-system Pingo in northwestern Canada}, series = {Permafrost and Periglacial Processes}, volume = {32}, journal = {Permafrost and Periglacial Processes}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1002/ppp.2115}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257678}, pages = {541-557}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The present study presents three-dimensional investigations of a hydrostatic pingo in the Mackenzie Delta region and a hydraulic pingo in the Ogilvie Mountains and contributes to a better understanding about the internal structures of the two pingo types. A combined approach using quasi-three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar and frost probing allowed a clear delineation of frozen and unfrozen areas in the subsurface. At the hydrostatic pingo a massive ice core as well as a surrounding talik could be detected, but the location of the ice core and the talik differs from previous published assumptions. In contrast to acknowledged theory, at our site the massive ice core is not located in the center of the pingo but at the western edge, whereas the eastern flank is underlain by a talik, which surrounds the massive ice core. At the hydraulic pingo, the expected internal structure could be confirmed and the pathway of upwelling water could also be detected. The combined approach of the applied methods represents the first known three-dimensional geoelectrical investigation of pingos and provides new insights into the internal structure and architecture of the two different pingo types. The chosen approach allows further conclusions on the formation of these permafrost-affected landforms.}, language = {en} } @article{Schwalb‐WillmannRemelgadoSafietal.2020, author = {Schwalb-Willmann, Jakob and Remelgado, Ruben and Safi, Kamran and Wegmann, Martin}, title = {moveVis: Animating movement trajectories in synchronicity with static or temporally dynamic environmental data in R}, series = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.13374}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214856}, pages = {664 -- 669}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Visualizing movement data is challenging: While traditional spatial data can be sufficiently displayed as two-dimensional plots or maps, movement trajectories require the representation of time in a third dimension. To address this, we present moveVis, an R package, which provides tools to animate movement trajectories, overlaying simultaneous uni- or multi-temporal raster imagery or vector data. moveVis automates the processing of movement and environmental data to turn such into an animation. This includes (a) the regularization of movement trajectories enforcing uniform time instances and intervals across all trajectories, (b) the frame-wise mapping of movement trajectories onto temporally static or dynamic environmental layers, (c) the addition of customizations, for example, map elements or colour scales and (d) the rendering of frames into an animation encoded as GIF or video file. moveVis is designed to display interactions and concurrencies of animal movement and environmental data. We present examples and use cases, ranging from data exploration to visualizing scientific findings. Static spatial plots of movement data disregard the temporal dimension that distinguishes movement from other spatial data. In contrast, animations allow to display relocation in both time and space. We deem animations a powerful way to visually explore movement data, frame analytical findings and display potential interactions with spatially continuous and temporally dynamic environmental covariates.}, language = {en} } @article{StanleyUllmannLangeAthinodorou2021, author = {Stanley, Jean-Daniel and Ullmann, Tobias and Lange-Athinodorou, Eva}, title = {Holocene aridity-induced interruptions of human activity along a fluvial channel in Egypt's northern delta}, series = {Quaternary}, volume = {4}, journal = {Quaternary}, number = {4}, issn = {2571-550X}, doi = {10.3390/quat4040039}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250285}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Geoarchaeological information presented here pertains to a subsidiary Nile channel that once flowed west of the main Sebennitic distributary and discharged its water and sediments at Egypt's then north-central deltaic coast. Periodical paleoclimatic episodes during the later Middle and Upper Holocene included decreased rainfall and increased aridity that reduced the Nile's flow levels and thus likely disrupted nautical transport and anthropogenic activity along this channel. Such changes in this deltaic sector, positioned adjacent to the Levantine Basin in the Eastern Mediterranean, can be attributed to climatic shifts triggered as far as the North Atlantic to the west, and African highland source areas of the Egyptian Nile to the south. Of special interest in a study core recovered along the channel are several sediment sequences without anthropogenic material that are interbedded between strata comprising numerous potsherds. The former are interpreted here as markers of increased regional aridity and reduced Nile flow which could have periodically disrupted the regional distribution of goods and nautical activities. Such times occurred ~5000 years B.P., ~4200-4000 years B.P., ~3200-2800 years B.P., ~2300-2200 years B.P., and more recently. Periods comparable to these are also identified by altered proportions of pollen, isotopic and compositional components in different radiocarbon-dated Holocene cores recovered elsewhere in the Nile delta, the Levantine region to the east and north of Egypt, and in the Faiyum depression south of the delta.}, language = {en} } @article{RemelgadoLeutnerSafietal.2018, author = {Remelgado, Ruben and Leutner, Benjamin and Safi, Kamran and Sonnenschein, Ruth and Kuebert, Carina and Wegmann, Martin}, title = {Linking animal movement and remote sensing - mapping resource suitability from a remote sensing perspective}, series = {Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation}, volume = {4}, journal = {Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1002/rse2.70}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225199}, pages = {211-224}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Optical remote sensing is an important tool in the study of animal behavior providing ecologists with the means to understand species-environment interactions in combination with animal movement data. However, differences in spatial and temporal resolution between movement and remote sensing data limit their direct assimilation. In this context, we built a data-driven framework to map resource suitability that addresses these differences as well as the limitations of satellite imagery. It combines seasonal composites of multiyear surface reflectances and optimized presence and absence samples acquired with animal movement data within a cross-validation modeling scheme. Moreover, it responds to dynamic, site-specific environmental conditions making it applicable to contrasting landscapes. We tested this framework using five populations of White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) to model resource suitability related to foraging achieving accuracies from 0.40 to 0.94 for presences and 0.66 to 0.93 for absences. These results were influenced by the temporal composition of the seasonal reflectances indicated by the lower accuracies associated with higher day differences in relation to the target dates. Additionally, population differences in resource selection influenced our results marked by the negative relationship between the model accuracies and the variability of the surface reflectances associated with the presence samples. Our modeling approach spatially splits presences between training and validation. As a result, when these represent different and unique resources, we face a negative bias during validation. Despite these inaccuracies, our framework offers an important basis to analyze species-environment interactions. As it standardizes site-dependent behavioral and environmental characteristics, it can be used in the comparison of intra- and interspecies environmental requirements and improves the analysis of resource selection along migratory paths. Moreover, due to its sensitivity to differences in resource selection, our approach can contribute toward a better understanding of species requirements.}, language = {en} } @article{PaethPollinger2019, author = {Paeth, Heiko and Pollinger, Felix}, title = {Changes in mean flow and atmospheric wave activity in the North Atlantic sector}, series = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, volume = {145}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, number = {725}, doi = {10.1002/qj.3660}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208079}, pages = {3801-3818}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In recent years, the midlatitudes are characterized by more intense heatwaves in summer and sometimes severe cold spells in winter that might emanate from changes in atmospheric circulation, including synoptic-scale and planetary wave activity in the midlatitudes. In this study, we investigate the heat and momentum exchange between the mean flow and atmospheric waves in the North Atlantic sector and adjacent continents by means of the physically consistent Eliassen-Palm flux diagnostics applied to reanalysis and forced climate model data. In the long-term mean, momentum is transferred from the mean flow to atmospheric waves in the northwest Atlantic region, where cyclogenesis prevails. Further downstream over Europe, eddy fluxes return momentum to the mean flow, sustaining the jet stream against friction. A global climate model is able to reproduce this pattern with high accuracy. Atmospheric variability related to atmospheric wave activity is much more expressed at the intraseasonal rather than the interannual time-scale. Over the last 40 years, reanalyses reveal a northward shift of the jet stream and a weakening of intraseasonal weather variability related to synoptic-scale and planetary wave activity. This pertains to the winter and summer seasons, especially over central Europe, and correlates with changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation as well as regional temperature and precipitation. A very similar phenomenon is found in a climate model simulation with business-as-usual scenario, suggesting an anthropogenic trigger in the weakening of intraseasonal weather variability in the midlatitudes.}, language = {en} } @article{TrappeBuedelMeisteretal.2022, author = {Trappe, Julian and B{\"u}del, Christian and Meister, Julia and Baumhauer, Roland}, title = {Combining geophysical and geomorphological data to reconstruct the development of relief of a medieval castle site in the Spessart low mountain range, Germany}, series = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, volume = {47}, journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1002/esp.5242}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257433}, pages = {228-241}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Within the Spessart low mountain range in central Germany, numerous castle ruins of the 13th century ce exist. Their construction and destruction were often determined by the struggle for political and economic supremacy in the region and for control over the Spessart's natural resources. Wahlmich Castle is located in a relatively uncommon strategic and geomorphological position, characterized by a fairly remote position and atypical rough relief. In order to reconstruct the local relief development and possible human impact, a multi-method approach was applied combining two-dimensional geoelectrical measurements, geomorphological mapping and stratigraphic-sedimentological investigations. This provides new insights into the influence of landscape characteristics on choices of castle locations. The combined geoelectrical, geomorphological and stratigraphic-sedimentological data show that the rough relief is of natural origin and influenced by regional faulting, which triggered sliding and slumping as well as weathering and dissection of the surface deposits. The rough relief and the lithology permitted intensive land use and building activities. However, the location of the castle offered access to and possibly control over important medieval traffic routes and also represented certain ownership claims in the Aschaff River valley. The economic situation combined with rivalry between different elites led to the castle being built in a geomorphological challenging and strategically less valuable location. Focusing on castles located in rare and challenging geomorphological positions may therefore lead to a better understanding of castle siting in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{GeyerPaisWotte2020, author = {Geyer, Gerd and Pais, Miguel Caldeira and Wotte, Thomas}, title = {Unexpectedly curved spines in a Cambrian trilobite: considerations on the spinosity in Kingaspidoides spinirecurvatus sp. nov. from the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, and related Cambrian ellipsocephaloids}, series = {PalZ}, volume = {94}, journal = {PalZ}, issn = {0031-0220}, doi = {10.1007/s12542-020-00514-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231873}, pages = {645-660}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The new ellipsocephaloid trilobite species Kingaspidoides spinirecurvatus has a spectacular morphology because of a unique set of two long and anteriorly recurved spines on the occipital ring and the axial ring of thoracic segment 8. Together with the long genal spines this whimsical dorsally directed spine arrangement is thought to act as a non-standard protective device against predators. This is illustrated by the body posture during different stages of enrolment, contrasting with the more sophisticated spinosities seen in later trilobites, which are discussed in brief. Kingaspidoides spinirecurvatus from the lower-middle Cambrian boundary interval of the eastern Anti-Atlas in Morocco has been known for about two decades, with specimens handled as precious objects on the fossil market. Similar, but far less spectacular, spine arrangements on the thoracic axial rings are known from other ellipsocephaloid trilobites from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco and the Franconian Forest region of Germany. This suggests that an experimental phase of spine development took place within the Kingaspi-doides clade during the early-middle Cambrian boundary interval.}, language = {en} } @article{Ibebuchi2021, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie}, title = {On the Relationship between Circulation Patterns, the Southern Annular Mode, and Rainfall Variability in Western Cape}, series = {Atmosphere}, volume = {12}, journal = {Atmosphere}, number = {6}, issn = {2073-4433}, doi = {10.3390/atmos12060753}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241018}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study investigates circulation types (CTs) in Africa, south of the equator, that are related to wet and dry conditions in the Western Cape, the statistical relationship between the selected CTs and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and changes in the frequency of occurrence of the CTs related to the SAM under the ssp585 scenario. Obliquely rotated principal component analysis applied to sea level pressure (SLP) was used to classify CTs in Africa, south of the equator. Three CTs were found to have a high probability of being associated with wet days in the Western Cape, and four CTs were equally found to have a high probability of being associated with dry days in the Western Cape. Generally, the dry/wet CTs feature the southward/northward track of the mid-latitude cyclone, adjacent to South Africa; anti-cyclonic/cyclonic relative vorticity, and poleward/equatorward track of westerlies, south of South Africa. One of the selected wet CTs was significantly related to variations of the SAM. Years with an above-average SAM index correlated with the below-average frequency of occurrences of the wet CT. The results suggest that through the dynamics of the CT, the SAM might control the rainfall variability of the Western Cape. Under the ssp585 scenario, the analyzed climate models indicated a possible decrease in the frequency of occurrence of the aforementioned wet CT associated with cyclonic activity in the mid-latitudes, and an increase in the frequency of the occurrence of CT associated with enhanced SLP at mid-latitudes.}, language = {en} }