@article{LatifiHeurich2019,
  author    = {Latifi, Hooman and Heurich, Marco},
  title     = {Multi-scale remote sensing-assisted forest inventory: a glimpse of the state-of-the-art and future prospects},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs11111260},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197358},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Advances in remote inventory and analysis of forest resources during the last decade have reached a level to be now considered as a crucial complement, if not a surrogate, to the long-existing field-based methods. This is mostly reflected in not only the use of multiple-band new active and passive remote sensing data for forest inventory, but also in the methodic and algorithmic developments and/or adoptions that aim at maximizing the predictive or calibration performances, thereby minimizing both random and systematic errors, in particular for multi-scale spatial domains. With this in mind, this editorial note wraps up the recently-published Remote Sensing special issue "Remote Sensing-Based Forest Inventories from Landscape to Global Scale", which hosted a set of state-of-the-art experiments on remotely sensed inventory of forest resources conducted by a number of prominent researchers worldwide.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AppelHardaker2021,
  author    = {Appel, Alexandra and Hardaker, Sina},
  title     = {Strategies in Times of Pandemic Crisis — Retailers and Regional Resilience in W{\"u}rzburg, Germany},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su13052643},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233991},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Research on the COVID-19 crisis and its implications on regional resilience is still in its infancy. To understand resilience on its aggregate level it is important to identify (non)resilient actions of individual actors who comprise regions. As the retail sector among others represents an important factor in an urban regions recovery, we focus on the resilience of (textile) retailers within the city of W{\"u}rzburg in Germany to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address the identified research gap, this paper applies the concept of resilience. Firstly, conducting expert interviews, the individual (textile) retailers' level and their strategies in coping with the crisis is considered. Secondly, conducting a contextual analysis of the German city of W{\"u}rzburg, we wish to contribute to the discussion of how the resilience of a region is influenced inter alia by actors. Our study finds three main strategies on the individual level, with retailers: (1) intending to "bounce back" to a pre-crisis state, (2) reorganising existing practices, as well as (3) closing stores and winding up business. As at the time of research, no conclusions regarding long-term impacts and resilience are possible, the results are limited. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of retailers' strategies contributes to a better understanding of regional resilience.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzwarthThonfeldAbdullahietal.2020,
  author    = {Holzwarth, Stefanie and Thonfeld, Frank and Abdullahi, Sahra and Asam, Sarah and Da Ponte Canova, Emmanuel and Gessner, Ursula and Huth, Juliane and Kraus, Tanja and Leutner, Benjamin and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Earth Observation based monitoring of forests in Germany: a review},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {21},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs12213570},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216334},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Forests in Germany cover around 11.4 million hectares and, thus, a share of 32\% of Germany's surface area. Therefore, forests shape the character of the country's cultural landscape. Germany's forests fulfil a variety of functions for nature and society, and also play an important role in the context of climate levelling. Climate change, manifested via rising temperatures and current weather extremes, has a negative impact on the health and development of forests. Within the last five years, severe storms, extreme drought, and heat waves, and the subsequent mass reproduction of bark beetles have all seriously affected Germany's forests. Facing the current dramatic extent of forest damage and the emerging long-term consequences, the effort to preserve forests in Germany, along with their diversity and productivity, is an indispensable task for the government. Several German ministries have and plan to initiate measures supporting forest health. Quantitative data is one means for sound decision-making to ensure the monitoring of the forest and to improve the monitoring of forest damage. In addition to existing forest monitoring systems, such as the federal forest inventory, the national crown condition survey, and the national forest soil inventory, systematic surveys of forest condition and vulnerability at the national scale can be expanded with the help of a satellite-based earth observation. In this review, we analysed and categorized all research studies published in the last 20 years that focus on the remote sensing of forests in Germany. For this study, 166 citation indexed research publications have been thoroughly analysed with respect to publication frequency, location of studies undertaken, spatial and temporal scale, coverage of the studies, satellite sensors employed, thematic foci of the studies, and overall outcomes, allowing us to identify major research and geoinformation product gaps.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UsmanMahmoodConradetal.2020,
  author    = {Usman, Muhammad and Mahmood, Talha and Conrad, Christopher and Bodla, Habib Ullah},
  title     = {Remote Sensing and modelling based framework for valuing irrigation system efficiency and steering indicators of consumptive water use in an irrigated region},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {22},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su12229535},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219358},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Water crises are becoming severe in recent times, further fueled by population increase and climate change. They result in complex and unsustainable water management. Spatial estimation of consumptive water use is vital for performance assessment of the irrigation system using Remote Sensing (RS). For this study, its estimation is done using the Soil Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) approach. Performance indicators including equity, adequacy, and reliability were worked out at various spatiotemporal scales. Moreover, optimization and sustainable use of water resources are not possible without knowing the factors mainly influencing consumptive water use of major crops. For that purpose, random forest regression modelling was employed using various sets of factors for site-specific, proximity, and cropping system. The results show that the system is underperforming both for Kharif (i.e., summer) and Rabi (i.e., winter) seasons. Performance indicators highlight poor water distribution in the system, a shortage of water supply, and unreliability. The results are relatively good for Rabi as compared to Kharif, with an overall poor situation for both seasons. Factors importance varies for different crops. Overall, distance from canal, road density, canal density, and farm approachability are the most important factors for explaining consumptive water use. Auditing of consumptive water use shows the potential for resource optimization through on-farm water management by the targeted approach. The results are based on the present situation without considering future changes in canal water supply and consumptive water use under climate change.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bangelesa2022,
  author    = {Bangelesa, Freddy Fefe},
  title     = {Impacts of climate variability and change on Maize (\(Zea\) \(mays\)) production in tropical Africa},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-25934},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259347},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Climate change is undeniable and constitutes one of the major threats of the 21st century. It impacts sectors of our society, usually negatively, and is likely to worsen towards the middle and end of the century. The agricultural sector is of particular concern, for it is the primary source of food and is strongly dependent on the weather. Considerable attention has been given to the impact of climate change on African agriculture because of the continent's high vulnerability, which is mainly due to its low adaptation capac- ity. Several studies have been implemented to evaluate the impact of climate change on this continent. The results are sometimes controversial since the studies are based on different approaches, climate models and crop yield datasets. This study attempts to contribute substantially to this large topic by suggesting specific types of climate pre- dictors. The study focuses on tropical Africa and its maize yield. Maize is considered to be the most important crop in this region. To estimate the effect of climate change on maize yield, the study began by developing a robust cross-validated multiple linear regression model, which related climate predictors and maize yield. This statistical trans- fer function is reputed to be less prone to overfitting and multicollinearity problems. It is capable of selecting robust predictors, which have a physical meaning. Therefore, the study combined: large-scale predictors, which were derived from the principal component analysis of the monthly precipitation and temperature; traditional local-scale predictors, mainly, the mean precipitation, mean temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature; and the Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI), derived from the specific crop (maize) water balance model. The projected maize-yield change is forced by a regional climate model (RCM) REMO under two emission scenarios: high emission scenario (RCP8.5) and mid-range emission scenario (RCP4.5). The different effects of these groups of predictors in projecting the future maize-yield changes were also assessed. Furthermore, the study analysed the impact of climate change on the global WRSI. The results indicate that almost 27 \% of the interannual variability of maize production of the entire region is explained by climate variables. The influence of climate predictors on maize-yield production is more pronounced in West Africa, reaching 55 \% in some areas. The model projection indicates that the maize yield in the entire region is expected to decrease by the middle of the century under an RCP8.5 emission scenario, and from the middle of the century to the end of the century, the production will slightly recover but will remain negative (around -10 \%). However, in some regions of East Africa, a slight increase in maize yield is expected. The maize-yield projection under RCP4.5 remains relatively unchanged compared to the baseline period (1982-2016). The results further indicate that large-scale predictors are the most critical drivers of the global year-to-year maize-yield variability, and ENSO - which is highly correlated with the most important predictor (PC2) - seems to be the physical process underlying this variability. The effects of local predictors are more pronounced in the eastern parts of the region. The impact of the future climate change on WRSI reveals that the availability of maize water is expected to decrease everywhere, except in some parts of eastern Africa.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Karama2021,
  author    = {Karama, Alphonse},
  title     = {East African Seasonal Rainfall prediction using multiple linear regression and regression with ARIMA errors models},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-25183},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-251831},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The detrimental impacts of climate variability on water, agriculture, and food resources in East Africa underscore the importance of reliable seasonal climate prediction. To overcome this difficulty RARIMAE method were evolved. Applications RARIMAE in the literature shows that amalgamating different methods can be an efficient and effective way to improve the forecasts of time series under consideration. With these motivations, attempt have been made to develop a multiple linear regression model (MLR) and a RARIMAE models for forecasting seasonal rainfall in east Africa under the following objectives: 1. To develop MLR model for seasonal rainfall prediction in East Africa. 2. To develop a RARIMAE model for seasonal rainfall prediction in East Africa. 3. Comparison of model's efficiency under consideration In order to achieve the above objectives, the monthly precipitation data covering the period from 1949 to 2000 was obtained from Climate Research Unit (CRU). Next to that, the first differenced climate indices were used as predictors. In the first part of this study, the analyses of the rainfall fluctuation in whole Central- East Africa region which span over a longitude of 15 degrees East to 55 degrees East and a latitude of 15 degrees South to 15 degrees North was done by the help of maps. For models' comparison, the R-squared values for the MLR model are subtracted from the R-squared values of RARIMAE model. The results show positive values which indicates that R-squared is improved by RARIMAE model. On the other side, the root mean square errors (RMSE) values of the RARIMAE model are subtracted from the RMSE values of the MLR model and the results show negative value which indicates that RMSE is reduced by RARIMAE model for training and testing datasets. For the second part of this study, the area which is considered covers a longitude of 31.5 degrees East to 41 degrees East and a latitude of 3.5 degrees South to 0.5 degrees South. This region covers Central-East of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), north of Burundi, south of Uganda, Rwanda, north of Tanzania and south of Kenya. Considering a model constructed based on the average rainfall time series in this region, the long rainfall season counts the nine months lead of the first principal component of Indian sea level pressure (SLP_PC19) and the nine months lead of Dipole Mode Index (DMI_LR9) as selected predictors for both statistical and predictive model. On the other side, the short rainfall season counts the three months lead of the first principal component of Indian sea surface temperature (SST_PC13) and the three months lead of Southern Oscillation Index (SOI_SR3) as predictors for predictive model. For short rainfall season statistical model SAOD current time series (SAOD_SR0) was added on the two predictors in predictive model. By applying a MLR model it is shown that the forecast can explain 27.4\% of the total variation and has a RMSE of 74.2mm/season for long rainfall season while for the RARIMAE the forecast explains 53.6\% of the total variation and has a RMSE of 59.4mm/season. By applying a MLR model it is shown that the forecast can explain 22.8\% of the total variation and has a RMSE of 106.1 mm/season for short rainfall season predictive model while for the RARIMAE the forecast explains 55.1\% of the total variation and has a RMSE of 81.1 mm/season. From such comparison, a significant rise in R-squared, a decrease of RMSE values were observed in RARIMAE models for both short rainfall and long rainfall season averaged time series. In terms of reliability, RARIMAE outperformed its MLR counterparts with better efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, whenever the data suffer from autocorrelation, we can go for MLR with ARIMA error, the ARIMA error part is more to correct the autocorrelation thereby improving the variance and productiveness of the model.},
  subject      = {Regression},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JobWilliMayeretal.2020,
  author    = {Job, Hubert and Willi, Gero and Mayer, Marius and P{\"u}tz, Marco},
  title     = {Open Spaces in Alpine Countries: Analytical Concepts and Preservation Strategies in Spatial Planning},
  series = {Mountain Research and Development},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Mountain Research and Development},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00016.1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259338},
  pages     = {D1-D11},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Open spaces in the Alps are becoming noticeably scarcer, and the long-term consequences for humans and the environment are often overlooked. Open spaces preserve ecosystem services but are under pressure in many Alpine valleys due to demographic and economic development as well as corresponding technical and tourism infrastructure. This article conceptualizes and measures open spaces in Alpine environments. In addition to analyzing existing spatial planning instruments and the open spaces resulting from 2 of them-the Bavarian Alpenplan in Germany and the Tyrolean Ruhegebiete in Austria-we identify open spaces in Switzerland using a geographic information system. More generally, we discuss how spatial planning deals with open spaces. Results show that both the Alpenplan and the Ruhegebiete have contributed significantly to the protection of open spaces in the Bavarian and Tyrolean Alps since the 1970s. Indeed, both approaches prevented several development projects. In the Swiss Alps, open spaces cover 41.9\% of the Alpine Convention area. A share of 40.3\% vegetation-free open spaces shows that they are concentrated in high alpine areas. Of the open spaces identified, 64.6\% are covered by protected areas. Hence, about one third of the open spaces still existing in the Swiss Alps need preservation, not only for ecological connectivity reasons but also to preserve them for generations to come. We conclude that different sectoral approaches for the conservation of open spaces for people and natural heritage in the Alps and other high mountain ranges should be better coordinated. In addition, much more intensive crossborder cooperation in spatial development and planning is needed to preserve open spaces throughout the Alpine arc.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AsamGessnerAlmengorGonzalezetal.2022,
  author    = {Asam, Sarah and Gessner, Ursula and Almengor Gonz{\´a}lez, Roger and Wenzl, Martina and Kriese, Jennifer and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Mapping crop types of Germany by combining temporal statistical metrics of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series with LPIS data},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {13},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14132981},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278969},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Nationwide and consistent information on agricultural land use forms an important basis for sustainable land management maintaining food security, (agro)biodiversity, and soil fertility, especially as German agriculture has shown high vulnerability to climate change. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data of the Copernicus program offer time series with temporal, spatial, radiometric, and spectral characteristics that have great potential for mapping and monitoring agricultural crops. This paper presents an approach which synergistically uses these multispectral and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) time series for the classification of 17 crop classes at 10 m spatial resolution for Germany in the year 2018. Input data for the Random Forest (RF) classification are monthly statistics of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series. This approach reduces the amount of input data and pre-processing steps while retaining phenological information, which is crucial for crop type discrimination. For training and validation, Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) data were available covering 15 of the 16 German Federal States. An overall map accuracy of 75.5\% was achieved, with class-specific F1-scores above 80\% for winter wheat, maize, sugar beet, and rapeseed. By combining optical and SAR data, overall accuracies could be increased by 6\% and 9\%, respectively, compared to single sensor approaches. While no increase in overall accuracy could be achieved by stratifying the classification in natural landscape regions, the class-wise accuracies for all but the cereal classes could be improved, on average, by 7\%. In comparison to census data, the crop areas could be approximated well with, on average, only 1\% of deviation in class-specific acreages. Using this streamlined approach, similar accuracies for the most widespread crop types as well as for smaller permanent crop classes were reached as in other Germany-wide crop type studies, indicating its potential for repeated nationwide crop type mapping.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AppelHardaker2022,
  author    = {Appel, Alexandra and Hardaker, Sina},
  title     = {Einzelhandel als Katalysator f{\"u}r nachhaltige urbane Radlogistik? - W{\"u}Livery, ein Fallbeispiel aus W{\"u}rzburg},
  series = {Standort},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Standort},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1432-220X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00548-021-00758-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268437},
  pages     = {9-15},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die Covid-19-Pandemie gilt in vielen gesellschaftlichen Teilbereichen als Beschleuniger f{\"u}r Transformationsprozesse. Auch im Bereich der Organisation urbaner Logistik und Einzelhandelslandschaften etablieren sich neue Akteur*innen und Funktionen. Logistiker*innen integrieren lokale Onlinemarktpl{\"a}tze in ihre Profile und der station{\"a}re Einzelhandel generiert Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit gegen{\"u}ber großen Onlineh{\"a}ndler*innen {\"u}ber die Nutzung lokaler Radlogistiknetzwerke, mittels derer Lieferungen noch am Tag der Bestellung (Same-Day-Delivery) verteilt werden k{\"o}nnen. Damit leisten die involvierten Akteur*innen potenziell auch einen Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeitstransformation im Bereich urbaner Logistiksysteme. Im Fokus steht das Fallbeispiel W{\"u}Livery, ein Kooperationsprojekt des Stadtmarketingvereins, der Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderung, Radlogistiker*innen sowie Einzelh{\"a}ndler*innen in W{\"u}rzburg, welches w{\"a}hrend des zweiten coronabedingten Lockdowns im November 2020 umgesetzt wurde. Die entstehenden Dynamiken und Organisationsformen werden auf Basis von 11 Expert*inneninterviews dargestellt und analysiert. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass st{\"a}dtische Akteur*innen grundlegende Mediator*innen f{\"u}r Transformationsprozesse darstellen und Einzelh{\"a}ndler*innen und lokale Onlinemarktpl{\"a}tze als Katalysator*innen fungieren k{\"o}nnen. Das ist auch vor dem Hintergrund planerischer und politischer Kommunikationsprozesse zur Legitimation neuer Verkehrsinfrastrukturen nutzbar, da die einzelnen Akteur*innengruppen in Austausch kommen und ein gesteigertes Bewusstsein f{\"u}r die jeweiligen Bedarfe entsteht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WehnerHuchlerFritz2022,
  author    = {Wehner, Helena and Huchler, Katharina and Fritz, Johannes},
  title     = {Quantification of foraging areas for the Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) in the northern Alpine foothills: a random forest model fitted with optical and actively sensed earth observation data},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14041015},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262245},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita, NBI) is an endangered migratory species, which went extinct in Europe in the 17th century. Currently, a translocation project in the frame of the European LIFE program is carried out, to reintroduce a migratory population with breeding colonies in the northern and southern Alpine foothills and a common wintering area in southern Tuscany. The population meanwhile consists of about 200 individuals, with about 90\% of them carrying a GPS device on their back. We used biologging data from 2021 to model the habitat suitability for the species in the northern Alpine foothills. To set up a species distribution model, indices describing environmental conditions were calculated from satellite images of Landsat-8, and in addition to the well-proven use of optical remote sensing data, we also included Sentinel-1 actively sensed observation data, as well as climate and urbanization data. A random forest model was fitted on NBI GPS positions, which we used to identify regions with high predicted foraging suitability within the northern Alpine foothills. The model resulted in 84.5\% overall accuracy. Elevation and slope had the highest predictive power, followed by grass cover and VV intensity of Sentinel-1 radar data. The map resulting from the model predicts the highest foraging suitability for valley floors, especially of Inn, Rhine, and Salzach-Valley as well as flatlands, like the Swiss Plateau and the agricultural areas surrounding Lake Constance. Areas with a high suitability index largely overlap with known historic breeding sites. This is particularly noteworthy because the model only refers to foraging habitats without considering the availability of suitable breeding cliffs. Detailed analyses identify the transition zone from extensive grassland management to intensive arable farming as the northern range limit. The modeling outcome allows for defining suitable areas for further translocation and management measures in the frame of the European NBI reintroduction program. Although required in the international IUCN translocation guidelines, the use of models in the context of translocation projects is still not common and in the case of the Northern Bald Ibis not considered in the present Single Species Action Plan of the African-Eurasian Migratory Water bird Agreement. Our species distribution model represents a contemporary snapshot, but sustainability is essential for conservation planning, especially in times of climate change. In this regard, a further model could be optimized by investigating sustainable land use, temporal dynamics, and climate change scenarios.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-18196,
  title     = {Einzelhandel und Stadtverkehr - Neue Entwicklungstendenzen durch Digitalisierung und Stadtgestaltung},
  editor    = {Neiberger, Cordula and Pez, Peter},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-112-9},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-113-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181963},
  publisher      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {162},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Handel und Verkehr sind eng miteinander verzahnt, und Standortsysteme im (Einzel-)handel k{\"o}nnen die Konfiguration von (st{\"a}dtischen) Verkehrssystemen weitreichend beeinflussen - gleiches gilt aber auch in umgekehrter Richtung. Aktuelle Wandlungsprozesse zeichnen sich insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Digitalisierung ab. So differenzieren sich Distributionsformen mit neuen IT-basierten Zustellsystemen aus. Onlineshopping steht dabei im Wettbewerb mit dem station{\"a}ren Einzelhandel und initiiert zunehmende Transportstr{\"o}me (auch f{\"u}r Warenr{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufe). Wie wirkt sich diese Entwicklung im Einzelhandel auf Einkaufsverhalten und Mobilit{\"a}tder Kunden aus? Was bedeutet dies wiederum f{\"u}r den Handel? Und inwieweit stimmt der dadurch ausgel{\"o}ste Wandel mit den Leitbildern von Handel, Stadtplanung und Nachhaltigkeit {\"u}berein oder verlangt neue Anpassungen? Diesen und weiteren Fragen geht der vorliegende Sammelband „Einzelhandel und Stadtverkehr. Neue Entwicklungstendenzen durch Digitalisierung und Stadtgestaltung" der Schriftenreihe Geographische Handelsforschung nach. Die sieben Beitr{\"a}ge des Bandes standen im Zentrum der Vortr{\"a}ge und Diskussionen anl{\"a}sslich der gemeinsamen Jahrestagung der VGDH-Arbeitskreise „Verkehr" und „Geographische Handelsforschung" vom 7. bis 9. Juni 2018 an der Leuphana Universit{\"a}t L{\"u}neburg. Aus wissenschaftlicher und dabei praktischer Perspektive diskutierten die Autoren aktuelle Trends und Entwicklungsperspektiven des nicht immer einfachen Managements von Mobilit{\"a}t und Konsum.},
  subject      = {Einzelhandel},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Uttke2011,
  author    = {Uttke, Angela},
  title     = {Discounter-St{\"a}dtebau - Die bauliche Gestaltung von Marktpl{\"a}tzen und Schaupl{\"a}tzen des Alltags},
  series = {Discounterwelten},
  booktitle = {Discounterwelten},
  publisher = {L.I.S.-Verlag},
  address   = {Passau},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182651},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {51-73},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Einzelhandel},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{MeyerJobLaneretal.2022,
  author    = {Meyer, Constantin and Job, Hubert and Laner, Peter and Omizzolo, Andrea and Kollmann, Nadia and Clare, Jasmin and Vesely, Philipp and Riedler, Walter and Plassmann, Guido and Coronado, Oriana and Praper Gulič, Sergeja and Gulič, Andrej and Koblar, Simon and Teofili, Corrado and Rohringer, Verena and Schoßleitner, Richard and Ainz, Gerhard},
  title     = {OpenSpaceAlps Planning Handbook: Perspectives for consistent safeguarding of open spaces in the Alpine region},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27040},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270401},
  pages     = {110},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In the Alpine region, the continuous consumption of open spaces for settlement areas and technical infrastructure and the associated soil sealing can be observed. This leads primarily to the loss of agricultural land. Depending on the extent of development, there is also increased landscape fragmentation, which is associated with the isolation of natural habitats and the restriction of ecological connectivity, as well as other negative consequences. The OpenSpaceAlps project has addressed this issue and, based on cooperative procedures in several pilot regions, has developed approaches and solution strategies for the sustainable safeguarding of open spaces. This handbook supports the activities and decision-making of various stakeholders, first and foremost planners in public planning authorities. Based on an analysis of the challenges and framework conditions in the Alpine region, the handbook presents and compares central "principles" of open space planning. Furthermore, integrated planning strategies for different spatial categories are discussed.},
  subject      = {Raumordnung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Krech2018,
  author    = {Krech, Martin},
  title     = {Pedosediment{\"a}re Archive in pr{\"a}historischen Fundpl{\"a}tzen in Franken},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163682},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Pedosediment{\"a}re Archive liefern einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion der Landschaftsgeschichte. Die anthropogene Besiedlung und Nutzung der Landoberfl{\"a}che seit dem Beginn des Holoz{\"a}ns verursacht Boden-, Vegetations- und Reliefver{\"a}nderungen, welche sich durch die Verbreitung von B{\"o}den mit ihren Erosionsstadien und Kolluvien zeigen. Das Ausmaß und die Art der Bodenerosion und die damit verbundene Bildung der Kolluvien werden neben den nat{\"u}rlichen Faktoren wesentlich durch die Landnutzung bestimmt. B{\"o}den und Kolluvien enthalten wichtige Informationen {\"u}ber die urspr{\"u}ngliche Landschaft, ehemalige Landnutzungsphasen und Umweltver{\"a}nderungen. Die spezifischen Merkmale in Kombination mit den arch{\"a}ologischen Befunden erm{\"o}glichen R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse auf vergangene Natur- und Kulturr{\"a}ume. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis {\"u}ber die Siedlungs- und Landschaftsentwicklung der untersuchten Gebiete in Franken zu erlangen. Hierf{\"u}r ist es angebracht, mehrere r{\"a}umlich verteilte Standorte zu untersuchen. Um den menschlichen Einfluss auf die pr{\"a}historische Landschaft besser verstehen zu k{\"o}nnen, kam ein interdisziplin{\"a}rer Ansatz mit arch{\"a}ologischen und physisch-geographischen Methoden zur Anwendung. Die Umgebungen der einzelnen Untersuchungsstandorte wurden nach geomorphologischen Kriterien charakterisiert und ausgew{\"a}hlten Befunde nach bodenkundlichen Fragestellungen aufgenommen. Die Bestimmung der bodenphysikalischen und -chemischen Eigenschaften von B{\"o}den und Sedimenten erfolgte anhand repr{\"a}sentativer Probenmengen. Bei ausgew{\"a}hlten Profilen kamen zus{\"a}tzlich die Analysen zur Bestimmung der Gesamt- und Tonmineralogie sowie die Methode der 14C-Datierung f{\"u}r Bodensedimente, Tierknochen und Holzkohlen hinzu. Die physisch-geographischen Ergebnisse konnten anschließend mit den arch{\"a}ologischen Informationen erg{\"a}nzt. Die drei ausgew{\"a}hlten Untersuchungsgebiete befinden sich im Fr{\"a}nkischen Schichtstufenland. Der Bullenheimer Berg wurde aufgrund seiner bedeutenden Besiedlungsgeschichte ausgew{\"a}hlt. Die ausgew{\"a}hlten Profile liegen in verschiedenen Nutzungsarealen auf dem Plateau. Die Standorte Marktbergel und Ergersheim liegen im Gebiet des Fr{\"a}nkischen Gipskarstes. Diese Untersuchungen sind ein Teil des DFG-gef{\"o}rderten Projektes „Pr{\"a}historische Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen im Gipskarst der Windsheimer Bucht, Nordbayern. Dolinen als Archive f{\"u}r Siedlungs- und Landschaftsentwicklung." Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der anthropogene Einfluss zu einer deutlichen Ver{\"a}nderung in der Landschaft f{\"u}hrte. F{\"u}r die Untersuchungsr{\"a}ume zeichnet sich eine lange Nutzungsgeschichte seit dem Beginn des Holoz{\"a}ns ab. Durch die Auswertung der Gel{\"a}ndebefunde und der labortechnisch erzeugten Kennwerte konnten die untersuchten Profile in mehrere Phasen gegliedert werden. Es zeigten sich Stabilit{\"a}tsphasen in denen Bodenbildung stattfinden konnte, aber auch geomorphodynamisch aktive Phasen der Erosion und Akkumulation von Bodensedimenten.},
  subject      = {Pedostratigraphie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RokhafrouzLatifiAbkaretal.2021,
  author    = {Rokhafrouz, Mohammad and Latifi, Hooman and Abkar, Ali A. and Wojciechowski, Tomasz and Czechlowski, Mirosław and Naieni, Ali Sadeghi and Maghsoudi, Yasser and Niedbała, Gniewko},
  title     = {Simplified and hybrid remote sensing-based delineation of management zones for nitrogen variable rate application in wheat},
  series = {Agriculture},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Agriculture},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {2077-0472},
  doi       = {10.3390/agriculture11111104},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250033},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Enhancing digital and precision agriculture is currently inevitable to overcome the economic and environmental challenges of the agriculture in the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to generate and compare management zones (MZ) based on the Sentinel-2 satellite data for variable rate application of mineral nitrogen in wheat production, calculated using different remote sensing (RS)-based models under varied soil, yield and crop data availability. Three models were applied, including (1) a modified "RS- and threshold-based clustering", (2) a "hybrid-based, unsupervised clustering", in which data from different sources were combined for MZ delineation, and (3) a "RS-based, unsupervised clustering". Various data processing methods including machine learning were used in the model development. Statistical tests such as the Paired Sample T-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied to evaluate the final delineated MZ maps. Additionally, a procedure for improving models based on information about phenological phases and the occurrence of agricultural drought was implemented. The results showed that information on agronomy and climate enables improving and optimizing MZ delineation. The integration of prior knowledge on new climate conditions (drought) in image selection was tested for effective use of the models. Lack of this information led to the infeasibility of obtaining optimal results. Models that solely rely on remote sensing information are comparatively less expensive than hybrid models. Additionally, remote sensing-based models enable delineating MZ for fertilizer recommendations that are temporally closer to fertilization times.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoeschSonnenscheinBucheltetal.2022,
  author    = {R{\"o}sch, Moritz and Sonnenschein, Ruth and Buchelt, Sebastian and Ullmann, Tobias},
  title     = {Comparing PlanetScope and Sentinel-2 imagery for mapping mountain pines in the Sarntal Alps, Italy},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {13},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14133190},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281945},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The mountain pine (Pinus mugo ssp. Mugo Turra) is an important component of the alpine treeline ecotone and fulfills numerous ecosystem functions. To understand and quantify the impacts of increasing logging activities and climatic changes in the European Alps, accurate information on the occurrence and distribution of mountain pine stands is needed. While Earth observation provides up-to-date information on land cover, space-borne mapping of mountain pines is challenging as different coniferous species are spectrally similar, and small-structured patches may remain undetected due to the sensor's spatial resolution. This study uses multi-temporal optical imagery from PlanetScope (3 m) and Sentinel-2 (10 m) and combines them with additional features (e.g., textural statistics (homogeneity, contrast, entropy, spatial mean and spatial variance) from gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), topographic features (elevation, slope and aspect) and canopy height information) to overcome the present challenges in mapping mountain pine stands. Specifically, we assessed the influence of spatial resolution and feature space composition including the GLCM window size for textural features. The study site is covering the Sarntal Alps, Italy, a region known for large stands of mountain pine. Our results show that mountain pines can be accurately mapped (PlanetScope (90.96\%) and Sentinel-2 (90.65\%)) by combining all features. In general, Sentinel-2 can achieve comparable results to PlanetScope independent of the feature set composition, despite the lower spatial resolution. In particular, the inclusion of textural features improved the accuracy by +8\% (PlanetScope) and +3\% (Sentinel-2), whereas accuracy improvements of topographic features and canopy height were low. The derived map of mountain pines in the Sarntal Alps supports local forest management to monitor and assess recent and ongoing anthropogenic and climatic changes at the treeline. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of freely available Sentinel-2 data and image-derived textural features to accurately map mountain pines in Alpine environments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BanksMillardBehnamianetal.2017,
  author    = {Banks, Sarah and Millard, Koreen and Behnamian, Amir and White, Lori and Ullmann, Tobias and Charbonneau, Francois and Chen, Zhaohua and Wang, Huili and Pasher, Jon and Duffe, Jason},
  title     = {Contributions of actual and simulated satellite SAR data for substrate type differentiation and shoreline mapping in the Canadian Arctic},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs9121206},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172630},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Detailed information on the land cover types present and the horizontal position of the land-water interface is needed for sensitive coastal ecosystems throughout the Arctic, both to establish baselines against which the impacts of climate change can be assessed and to inform response operations in the event of environmental emergencies such as oil spills. Previous work has demonstrated potential for accurate classification via fusion of optical and SAR data, though what contribution either makes to model accuracy is not well established, nor is it clear what shorelines can be classified using optical or SAR data alone. In this research, we evaluate the relative value of quad pol RADARSAT-2 and Landsat 5 data for shoreline mapping by individually excluding both datasets from Random Forest models used to classify images acquired over Nunavut, Canada. In anticipation of the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), we also simulate and evaluate dual and compact polarimetric imagery for shoreline mapping. Results show that SAR data is needed for accurate discrimination of substrates as user's and producer's accuracies were 5-24\% higher for models constructed with quad pol RADARSAT-2 and DEM data than models constructed with Landsat 5 and DEM data. Models based on simulated RCM and DEM data achieved significantly lower overall accuracies (71-77\%) than models based on quad pol RADARSAT-2 and DEM data (80\%), with Wetland and Tundra being most adversely affected. When classified together with Landsat 5 and DEM data, however, model accuracy was less affected by the SAR data type, with multiple polarizations and modes achieving independent overall accuracies within a range acceptable for operational mapping, at 89-91\%. RCM is expected to contribute positively to ongoing efforts to monitor change and improve emergency preparedness throughout the Arctic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReichmuthHenningPinneletal.2018,
  author    = {Reichmuth, Anne and Henning, Lea and Pinnel, Nicole and Bachmann, Martin and Rogge, Derek},
  title     = {Early detection of vitality changes of multi-temporal Norway spruce laboratory needle measurements—the ring-barking experiment},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs10010057},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159253},
  pages     = {57},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The focus of this analysis is on the early detection of forest health changes, specifically that of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). In this analysis, we planned to examine the time (degree of early detection), spectral wavelengths and appropriate method for detecting vitality changes. To accomplish this, a ring-barking experiment with seven subsequent laboratory needle measurements was carried out in 2013 and 2014 in an area in southeastern Germany near Alt{\"o}tting. The experiment was also accompanied by visual crown condition assessment. In total, 140 spruce trees in groups of five were ring-barked with the same number of control trees in groups of five that were selected as reference trees in order to compare their development. The laboratory measurements were analysed regarding the separability of ring-barked and control samples using spectral reflectance, vegetation indices and derivative analysis. Subsequently, a random forest classifier for determining important spectral wavelength regions was applied. Results from the methods are consistent and showed a high importance of the visible (VIS) spectral region, very low importance of the near-infrared (NIR) and minor importance of the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral region. Using spectral reflectance data as well as indices, the earliest separation time was found to be 292 days after ring-barking. The derivative analysis showed that a significant separation was observed 152 days after ring-barking for six spectral features spread through VIS and SWIR. A significant separation was detected using a random forest classifier 292 days after ring-barking with 58\% separability. The visual crown condition assessment was analysed regarding obvious changes of vitality and the first indication was observed 302 days after ring-barking as bark beetle infestation and yellowing of foliage in the ring-barked trees only. This experiment shows that an early detection, compared with visual crown assessment, is possible using the proposed methods for this specific data set. This study will contribute to ongoing research for early detection of vitality changes that will support foresters and decision makers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KnauerGessnerFensholtetal.2016,
  author    = {Knauer, Kim and Gessner, Ursula and Fensholt, Rasmus and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {An ESTARFM Fusion Framework for the Generation of Large-Scale Time Series in Cloud-Prone and Heterogeneous Landscapes},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs8050425},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180712},
  pages     = {425},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Monitoring the spatio-temporal development of vegetation is a challenging task in heterogeneous and cloud-prone landscapes. No single satellite sensor has thus far been able to provide consistent time series of high temporal and spatial resolution for such areas. In order to overcome this problem, data fusion algorithms such as the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) have been established and frequently used in recent years to generate high-resolution time series. In order to make it applicable to larger scales and to increase the input data availability especially in cloud-prone areas, an ESTARFM framework was developed in this study introducing several enhancements. An automatic filling of cloud gaps was included in the framework to make best use of available, even partly cloud-covered Landsat images. Furthermore, the ESTARFM algorithm was enhanced to automatically account for regional differences in the heterogeneity of the study area. The generation of time series was automated and the processing speed was accelerated significantly by parallelization. To test the performance of the developed ESTARFM framework, MODIS and Landsat-8 data were fused for generating an 8-day NDVI time series for a study area of approximately 98,000 km\(^{2}\) in West Africa. The results show that the ESTARFM framework can accurately produce high temporal resolution time series (average MAE (mean absolute error) of 0.02 for the dry season and 0.05 for the vegetative season) while keeping the spatial detail in such a heterogeneous, cloud-prone region. The developments introduced within the ESTARFM framework establish the basis for large-scale research on various geoscientific questions related to land degradation, changes in land surface phenology or agriculture},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Dolezal2018,
  author    = {Dolezal, Sascha},
  title     = {Traditionelle Einkaufspassagen in Japans Einzelhandelslandschaft: R{\"a}umliche Strukturen, Prozesse und Konsequenzen.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-156842},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Eine lange Tradition im japanischen Einzelhandel besitzen die oftmals schmalen und {\"u}berdachten Einkaufspassagen (Shoutengai). Charakteristisch ist die Aneinanderreihung von kleinfl{\"a}chigen, unabh{\"a}ngigen und oftmals familiengef{\"u}hrten Fachgesch{\"a}ften. Diese sind sowohl im Einzelhandel, Dienstleistungsgewerbe als auch in der Gastronomie angesiedelt und dienen nicht nur als zentrales Versorgungszentrum in Fußn{\"a}he, sondern sind auch Kommunikationsmittelpunkt einer Nachbarschaft oder eines Stadtbezirks. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung der momentanen Situation traditioneller Einkaufspassagen in Japan und welchen Herausforderungen diese aktuell und zuk{\"u}nftig gegen{\"u}berstehen. Mangelnde Kundennachfrage, erh{\"o}hte Konkurrenzsituation, steigende Steuerabgaben oder fehlende Nachfolger stehen beispielhaft f{\"u}r die Probleme, mit denen sich viele Inhaber konfrontiert sehen. Durch die empirische Untersuchung sollen Determinanten des Erfolgs bzw. Misserfolgs erarbeitet werden. Hierbei wurden von Juni 2015 bis Juli 2016 in Kyoto und Osaka 21 Einkaufspassagen mit insgesamt 3.469 Gesch{\"a}ftsfl{\"a}chen kartiert, von denen wiederum acht Einkaufspassagen n{\"a}her untersucht wurden. Dabei haben 513 Betriebe an einer standardisierten Befragung teilgenommen und es wurden mehrere Leitfadeninterviews mit Shoutengai-Vereinen sowie Stadtverwaltungen und Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderern gef{\"u}hrt. Als theoretische Grundlagen der vorliegenden Arbeit dient insbesondere die Akteurs- und Handlungstheorie und wie die Aktivit{\"a}ten der Gesch{\"a}ftsbetreiber die Passagen positiv bzw. negativ beeinflussen. Flankierenden Charakter besitzen zudem die Institutionentheorie, anhand derer der Einfluss politischer Entscheidungen er{\"o}rtert wird sowie zyklische Theorieans{\"a}tze, um eine Einordnung der traditionellen Einkaufspassagen in Japans Einzelhandelslandschaft durchzuf{\"u}hren. Seit {\"u}ber drei Jahrzehnten sinkt landesweit die Zahl der Einzelh{\"a}ndler, die Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r den Niedergang sind vielf{\"a}ltig. Insbesondere Einzelgesch{\"a}fte mit einer niedrigen einstelligen Zahl an Mitarbeitern waren und sind auch weiterhin im R{\"u}ckgang inbegriffen. {\"U}ber ein Drittel der befragten Gesch{\"a}ftsinhaber planen in den n{\"a}chsten f{\"u}nf Jahren die Gesch{\"a}ftsf{\"u}hrung aufzugeben, zwei Drittel von ihnen haben keinen Nachfolger f{\"u}r ihr Gesch{\"a}ft. Zunehmende Schließungen tragen zu Trading-Down Prozessen der gesamten Passage bei. Hohe Leerstandsquoten von bis zu {\"u}ber 50 \%, verbunden mit ungepflegten Geb{\"a}udefassaden, einem schlechten Beleuchtungskonzept und begrenzter Produktauswahl f{\"u}hren zu einer unattraktiven Einkaufsatmosph{\"a}re, resultierend in einem Kundenmangel. Die Diversifizierung der Betriebsformen ab den 1960er Jahren und Deregulierungsprozesse der Binnenhandelspolitik bef{\"o}rderten die Konkurrenzsituation der Einkaufspassagen und bildeten die Grundlage dieser Abw{\"a}rtsentwicklung. Einige Immobiliengesellschaften nutzen dies f{\"u}r ihre Zwecke und erwerben einige Ladenzeilen, um diese großfl{\"a}chigen zu Wohnh{\"a}usern umzubauen. Die Einkaufspassagen erfahren dadurch einen Funktionswandel und verlieren zunehmend ihren urspr{\"u}nglichen Charakter. Die Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, die aktuelle Einzelhandelslandschaft Japans zu erfassen und stadtplanerischen Instrumenten bei der k{\"u}nftigen Planung zu unterst{\"u}tzen.},
  subject      = {Einzelhandel},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Trappe2022,
  author    = {Trappe, Julian},
  title     = {The influence of medieval building activity on relief development within the Spessart uplands, Germany. A sedimentological, geophysical and GIS-based approach at different castle and mining sites},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-184-6},
  issn      = {0510-9833},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-185-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261499},
  school      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {XXI, 250},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In the Spessart, a low mountain range in central Germany, a feud during the Middle Ages led to the construction of numerous castles in this region. This study analyzes the mutual influence of (paleo-)relief development and medieval building activity using a geomorphological and geoarchaeological multimethod approach to expand the knowledge of human-environmental interactions during this time. For this purpose, GIS-based terrain analysis and geophysical measurements were conducted and combined with sedimentological information to create 1D-3D models of the subsurface and to assess knowledge of the landscape and relief evolution at various medieval castle and mining sites. The interpretation of all these data led to the answering of numerous site-specific questions on various geomorphological, geoarchaeological, geologic, and archaeological topics that have been explored in this work and have greatly increased our knowledge of each study site. In addition to these key contributions to the archaeological and geomorphological interpretation of individual study sites, a quantification of the anthropogenic influence on the relief development was conducted, a generalized model of the influence was derived, and new methodological and interpretative approaches were developed. Overall, this study links geomorphological/geological and (geo-)archaeological investigations at five medieval sites and delivers important information on human-environmental interactions within the Spessart and beyond.},
  subject      = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleemannZamoraVillacisChiluisaetal.2022,
  author    = {Kleemann, Janina and Zamora, Camilo and Villacis-Chiluisa, Alexandra Belen and Cuenca, Pablo and Koo, Hongmi and Noh, Jin Kyoung and F{\"u}rst, Christine and Thiel, Michael},
  title     = {Deforestation in continental Ecuador with a focus on protected areas},
  series = {Land},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Land},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2073-445X},
  doi       = {10.3390/land11020268},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262078},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Forest conservation is of particular concern in tropical regions where a large refuge of biodiversity is still existing. These areas are threatened by deforestation, forest degradation and fragmentation. Especially, pressures of anthropogenic activities adjacent to these areas significantly influence conservation effectiveness. Ecuador was chosen as study area since it is a globally relevant center of forest ecosystems and biodiversity. We identified hotspots of deforestation on the national level of continental Ecuador between 1990 and 2018, analyzed the most significant drivers of deforestation on national and biome level (the Coast, the Andes, The Amazon) as well as inside protected areas in Ecuador by using multiple regression analysis. We separated the national system of protected areas (SNAP) into higher and lower protection levels. Besides SNAP, we also considered Biosphere Reserves (BRs) and Ramsar sites. In addition, we investigated the rates and spatial patterns of deforestation in protected areas and buffer zones (5 km and 10 km outwards the protected area boundaries) using landscape metrics. Between 1990 and 2018, approximately 4\% of the accumulated deforestation occurred within the boundaries of SNAP, and up to 25.5\% in buffer zones. The highest rates of deforestation have been found in the 5 km buffer zone around the protected areas with the highest protection level. Protected areas and their buffer zones with higher protection status were identified as the most deforested areas among SNAP. BRs had the highest deforestation rates among all protected areas but most of these areas just became BRs after the year 2000. The most important driver of deforestation is agriculture. Other relevant drivers differ between the biomes. The results suggest that the SNAP is generally effective to prevent deforestation within their protection boundaries. However, deforestation around protected areas can undermine conservation strategies to sustain biodiversity. Actions to address such dynamics and patterns of deforestation and forest fragmentation, and developing conservation strategies of their landscape context are urgently needed especially in the buffer zones of areas with the highest protection status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SognoTraidlHoffmannKuenzer2020,
  author    = {Sogno, Patrick and Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Earth Observation data supporting non-communicable disease research: a review},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {16},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs12162541},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211113},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {A disease is non-communicable when it is not transferred from one person to another. Typical examples include all types of cancer, diabetes, stroke, or allergies, as well as mental diseases. Non-communicable diseases have at least two things in common — environmental impact and chronicity. These diseases are often associated with reduced quality of life, a higher rate of premature deaths, and negative impacts on a countries' economy due to healthcare costs and missing work force. Additionally, they affect the individual's immune system, which increases susceptibility toward communicable diseases, such as the flu or other viral and bacterial infections. Thus, mitigating the effects of non-communicable diseases is one of the most pressing issues of modern medicine, healthcare, and governments in general. Apart from the predisposition toward such diseases (the genome), their occurrence is associated with environmental parameters that people are exposed to (the exposome). Exposure to stressors such as bad air or water quality, noise, extreme heat, or an overall unnatural surrounding all impact the susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. In the identification of such environmental parameters, geoinformation products derived from Earth Observation data acquired by satellites play an increasingly important role. In this paper, we present a review on the joint use of Earth Observation data and public health data for research on non-communicable diseases. We analyzed 146 articles from peer-reviewed journals (Impact Factor ≥ 2) from all over the world that included Earth Observation data and public health data for their assessments. Our results show that this field of synergistic geohealth analyses is still relatively young, with most studies published within the last five years and within national boundaries. While the contribution of Earth Observation, and especially remote sensing-derived geoinformation products on land surface dynamics is on the rise, there is still a huge potential for transdisciplinary integration into studies. We see the necessity for future research and advocate for the increased incorporation of thematically profound remote sensing products with high spatial and temporal resolution into the mapping of exposomes and thus the vulnerability and resilience assessment of a population regarding non-communicable diseases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SaddiqueUsmanBernhofer2019,
  author    = {Saddique, Naeem and Usman, Muhammad and Bernhofer, Christian},
  title     = {Simulating the impact of climate change on the hydrological regimes of a sparsely gauged mountainous basin, northern Pakistan},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w11102141},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193175},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Projected climate changes for the 21st century may cause great uncertainties on the hydrology of a river basin. This study explored the impacts of climate change on the water balance and hydrological regime of the Jhelum River Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Two downscaling methods (SDSM, Statistical Downscaling Model and LARS-WG, Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator), three Global Circulation Models (GCMs), and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for three future periods (2030s, 2050s, and 2090s) were used to assess the climate change impacts on flow regimes. The results exhibited that both downscaling methods suggested an increase in annual streamflow over the river basin. There is generally an increasing trend of winter and autumn discharge, whereas it is complicated for summer and spring to conclude if the trend is increasing or decreasing depending on the downscaling methods. Therefore, the uncertainty associated with the downscaling of climate simulation needs to consider, for the best estimate, the impact of climate change, with its uncertainty, on a particular basin. The study also resulted that water yield and evapotranspiration in the eastern part of the basin (sub-basins at high elevation) would be most affected by climate change. The outcomes of this study would be useful for providing guidance in water management and planning for the river basin under climate change.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThonfeldGessnerHolzwarthetal.2022,
  author    = {Thonfeld, Frank and Gessner, Ursula and Holzwarth, Stefanie and Kriese, Jennifer and da Ponte, Emmanuel and Huth, Juliane and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {A first assessment of canopy cover loss in Germany's forests after the 2018-2020 drought years},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14030562},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255306},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Central Europe was hit by several unusually strong periods of drought and heat between 2018 and 2020. These droughts affected forest ecosystems. Cascading effects with bark beetle infestations in spruce stands were fatal to vast forest areas in Germany. We present the first assessment of canopy cover loss in Germany for the period of January 2018-April 2021. Our approach makes use of dense Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 time-series data. We computed the disturbance index (DI) from the tasseled cap components brightness, greenness, and wetness. Using quantiles, we generated monthly DI composites and calculated anomalies in a reference period (2017). From the resulting map, we calculated the canopy cover loss statistics for administrative entities. Our results show a canopy cover loss of 501,000 ha for Germany, with large regional differences. The losses were largest in central Germany and reached up to two-thirds of coniferous forest loss in some districts. Our map has high spatial (10 m) and temporal (monthly) resolution and can be updated at any time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DirscherlDietzKneiseletal.2021,
  author    = {Dirscherl, Mariel and Dietz, Andreas J. and Kneisel, Christof and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {A novel method for automated supraglacial lake mapping in Antarctica using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery and deep learning},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs13020197},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222998},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Supraglacial meltwater accumulation on ice sheets can be a main driver for accelerated ice discharge, mass loss, and global sea-level-rise. With further increasing surface air temperatures, meltwater-induced hydrofracturing, basal sliding, or surface thinning will cumulate and most likely trigger unprecedented ice mass loss on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. While the Greenland surface hydrological network as well as its impacts on ice dynamics and mass balance has been studied in much detail, Antarctic supraglacial lakes remain understudied with a circum-Antarctic record of their spatio-temporal development entirely lacking. This study provides the first automated supraglacial lake extent mapping method using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery over Antarctica and complements the developed optical Sentinel-2 supraglacial lake detection algorithm presented in our companion paper. In detail, we propose the use of a modified U-Net for semantic segmentation of supraglacial lakes in single-polarized Sentinel-1 imagery. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is implemented with residual connections for optimized performance as well as an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) module for multiscale feature extraction. The algorithm is trained on 21,200 Sentinel-1 image patches and evaluated in ten spatially or temporally independent test acquisitions. In addition, George VI Ice Shelf is analyzed for intra-annual lake dynamics throughout austral summer 2019/2020 and a decision-level fused Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 maximum lake extent mapping product is presented for January 2020 revealing a more complete supraglacial lake coverage (~770 km\(^2\)) than the individual single-sensor products. Classification results confirm the reliability of the proposed workflow with an average Kappa coefficient of 0.925 and a F\(_1\)-score of 93.0\% for the supraglacial water class across all test regions. Furthermore, the algorithm is applied in an additional test region covering supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet which further highlights the potential for spatio-temporal transferability. Future work involves the integration of more training data as well as intra-annual analyses of supraglacial lake occurrence across the whole continent and with focus on supraglacial lake development throughout a summer melt season and into Antarctic winter.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttingerBachoferHuthetal.2021,
  author    = {Ottinger, Marco and Bachofer, Felix and Huth, Juliane and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Mapping aquaculture ponds for the coastal zone of Asia with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14010153},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252207},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Asia dominates the world's aquaculture sector, generating almost 90 percent of its total annual global production. Fish, shrimp, and mollusks are mainly farmed in land-based pond aquaculture systems and serve as a primary protein source for millions of people. The total production and area occupied for pond aquaculture has expanded rapidly in coastal regions in Asia since the early 1990s. The growth of aquaculture was mainly boosted by an increasing demand for fish and seafood from a growing world population. The aquaculture sector generates income and employment, contributes to food security, and has become a billion-dollar industry with high socio-economic value, but has also led to severe environmental degradation. In this regard, geospatial information on aquaculture can support the management of this growing food sector for the sustainable development of coastal ecosystems, resources, and human health. With free and open access to the rapidly growing volume of data from the Copernicus Sentinel missions as well as machine learning algorithms and cloud computing services, we extracted coastal aquaculture at a continental scale. We present a multi-sensor approach that utilizes Earth observation time series data for the mapping of pond aquaculture within the entire Asian coastal zone, defined as the onshore area up to 200 km from the coastline. In this research, we developed an object-based framework to detect and extract aquaculture at a single-pond level based on temporal features derived from high-spatial-resolution SAR and optical satellite data acquired from the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites. In a second step, we performed spatial and statistical data analyses of the Earth-observation-derived aquaculture dataset to investigate spatial distribution and identify production hotspots at various administrative units at regional, national, and sub-national scale.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Rodrian2009,
  author    = {Rodrian, Philipp T.},
  title     = {Das Erbe der deutschen Kolonialzeit in Namibia im Fokus des "Tourist Gaze" deutscher Touristen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231424},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {210},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Die Studie besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Wahrnehmung des deutschen Kolonialerbes in Namibia aus Sicht deutscher Touristen. Namibia ist das Land in Afrika welches die st{\"a}rkste Durchdringung mit Elementen der deutschen Kolonialzeit aufweist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeichnet sich dieses Land durch eine sehr hohe touristische Bedeutung des deutschen Quellmarktes aus. Weiterhin ist die gemeinsame koloniale Vergangenheit weder bilateral noch innerhalb Namibias aufgearbeitet, was der Thematik eine gesellschaftspolitische Komponente verleiht. Die Analyse der touristischen Wahrnehmung basiert auf 103 qualitativen Interviews mit deutschen Touristen in Namibia. Neben der Perspektive der Reisenden werden Akteure untersucht, welche den ‚Blick' der Touristen lenken und beeinflussen. Dabei kommen eine Inhaltsanalyse von deutschsprachiger Reiseliteratur sowie teilnehmende Beobachtungen bei Stadtf{\"u}hrungen mit lokalen Reiseleitern in der Stadt zum Einsatz. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Touristen das Erbe der deutschen Kolonialzeit als sehr heterogenes Ph{\"a}nomen interpretieren. Durch das Aufsummieren der vielf{\"a}ltigen Erfahrungen mit gelebtem und gebautem Kolonialerbe wird die Wahrnehmung geographisch wirksam, da die Eindr{\"u}cke auf R{\"a}ume und Menschen {\"u}bertragen werden und nicht auf punktuellen Elementen verharren. Aufgrund von Unterdr{\"u}ckung und Verbrechen in der Kolonialzeit sehen die befragten Touristen das deutsche Erbe in Namibia als ein ‚schwieriges' an, das kaum nostalgische Gef{\"u}hle ausl{\"o}st, sondern eher zu einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Geschichte anregt. Der Grad dieser Dissonanz ist stark davon abh{\"a}ngig, in wie weit die koloniale Thematik nach Ansicht der Touristen in aktuellem Bezug steht oder aber als nicht mehr relevante Vergangenheit interpretiert wird. Neben der ‚Dissonanz' k{\"o}nnen die Touristen anhand der beiden weiteren Indikatoren ‚Interesse' - im Sinne einer Auseinandersetzung und Informiertheit - sowie ‚Attraktion' - als touristische Bedeutung - typologisiert werden. Die entscheidende Determinante f{\"u}r die Charakterisierung der Befragten stellt das Maß der empfundenen Dissonanz dar. Weiterhin l{\"a}sst sich eine Differenzierung in Touristen mit einer vorbereiteten und organisierten und solche mit einer unvorbereiteten und spontanen Konfrontation mit dem deutschen Erbe vornehmen. Insgesamt k{\"o}nnen f{\"u}nf Typen - ‚klassische Heritage-Touristen', ‚spontane Heritage-Touristen, ‚Kritiker', ‚historische motivierte Touristen' und ‚Sightseeing-Touristen' - identifiziert werden, wobei den drei erstgenannten eine Wahrnehmung als ‚schwieriges', dissonantes Erbe immanent ist.},
  subject      = {Namibia},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Poppitz2022,
  author    = {Poppitz, Hanka},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Alteration von R{\"u}ckstandshalden der Kaliindustrie im Werratal},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-25380},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-253802},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Im Zuge der Aufbereitung von Kalirohsalzen fallen weltweit feste R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde an, die auf Großhalden entsorgt werden. Die Aufhaldung und die von den R{\"u}ckstandshalden ausgehenden Umweltauswirkungen unterliegen in Deutschland der Kontrolle durch die zust{\"a}ndigen Bergbeh{\"o}rden. Um die Emissionen besser quantifizieren zu k{\"o}nnen und die Eignung technischer Minderungsmaßnahmen zu beurteilen, erfolgte im Rahmen der Genehmigungsverfahren zur Erweiterung der R{\"u}ckstandshalden an den Standorten Hattorf und Wintershall die Erkundung des Haldenk{\"o}rpers durch Bohrungen mit Fokus auf die darin ablaufenden Str{\"o}mungsprozesse. Eine Modellvorstellung zur Zonierung der Halde im Hinblick auf Str{\"o}mungsprozesse war zun{\"a}chst anhand von Haldenbohrungen am Standort Hattorf entwickelt worden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, mittels der Bohrergebnisse einer weiteren Haldenbohrung am Standort Wintershall die {\"U}bertragbarkeit der zuvor in Hattorf gefundenen Gegebenheiten zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen und den Kenntnisstand zu Str{\"o}mungs- und Alterationsprozessen innerhalb der Halde zu verbessern. Im Zuge der Haldenbohrungen erfolgten bohrbegleitende Untersuchungen (Abflussmessungen, Kamerabefahrungen, geophysikalische und geohydraulische Untersuchungen), und an dem Bohrkernmaterial und den Haldenl{\"o}sungen wurde ein umfangreiches Laboruntersuchungsprogramm ausgef{\"u}hrt, das chemische und mineralogische Analysen sowie Untersuchungen der physikalischen und hydraulischen Eigenschaften des R{\"u}ckstands umfasste. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden erg{\"a}nzende Gef{\"u}geuntersuchungen (D{\"u}nnschliffuntersuchungen am Rasterelektronen-Mikroskop und exemplarische CT-Untersuchungen) an Probenmaterial der Halde Hattorf durchgef{\"u}hrt, um mittels visueller Untersuchungen insbesondere die Rolle {\"u}bersch{\"u}tteter ehemaliger Haldenoberfl{\"a}chen f{\"u}r das Str{\"o}mungsgeschehen im Haldenk{\"o}rper zu erkunden. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung aller Ergebnisse wurden die Str{\"o}mungs- und Alterationsprozesse im R{\"u}ckstand beschrieben. Die maßgebliche Erkenntnis im Hinblick auf das Str{\"o}mungsgeschehen im Haldenk{\"o}rper ist, dass in dessen Porenraum keine S{\"a}ttigung besteht und dieser in allen Bereichen mit einem Gemisch aus L{\"o}sung und Luft gef{\"u}llt ist, so dass die Gesetzm{\"a}ßigkeiten der Zweiphasenstr{\"o}mung maßgeblich sind. Die bislang zur Bewertung von Str{\"o}mungsprozessen {\"u}blichen Durchl{\"a}ssigkeitsbeiwerte sind damit ungeeignet, da sie f{\"u}r ges{\"a}ttigte Bereiche gelten. {\"U}bereinstimmend wurde mit einer Reihe von Ergebnissen belegt, dass die Str{\"o}mungsprozesse im Haldenk{\"o}rper an bevorzugte Wegsamkeiten gebunden sind, bei denen es sich ausweislich der Gef{\"u}geuntersuchungen um ein System miteinander verbundenen Sekund{\"a}rporen handelt. Der R{\"u}ckstand ist zu charakterisieren als ein Nebeneinander aus diesen Wegsamkeiten und unbeeinflussten, aggregierten Bereichen. Des Weiteren wurde gezeigt, dass der Niederschlagseinfluss zur Teufe hin abnimmt, und es wurden Kriterien zum Nachweis von Niederschlagsunbeeinflussten Bereichen formuliert. Die Arbeit hat damit auch gezeigt, dass die Modellvorstellung, welche die Halde in eine f{\"u}r die Str{\"o}mungsprozesse maßgebliche Haldenmantelzone, eine gering durchl{\"a}ssige Kernzone und eine dazwischen befindliche {\"U}bergangszone mit gradueller {\"A}nderung der Eigenschaften unterteilt, grunds{\"a}tzlich auch auf den Standort Wintershall {\"u}bertragbar ist. Das Modell des Haldenk{\"o}rpers wurde weiter detailliert und zus{\"a}tzliche Kriterien zur Verortung der einzelnen Zonen im Haldenk{\"o}rper abgeleitet. Insbesondere wurde im Haldenmantelbereich eine charakteristische Randzone ausgehalten, welche im Ergebnis einer intensiven Durchstr{\"o}mung mit un- bzw. teilges{\"a}ttigten L{\"o}sungen selektiv an Wertstoff-Restgehalten abgereichert ist. Sie 2 wird von den unterlagernden reaktiven Zonen durch die L{\"o}sungsfronten f{\"u}r Kalium und Magnesium abgegrenzt. Aufbauend auf der erweiterten Modellvorstellung wurde die Zonierung f{\"u}r die Haldenbohrung am Standort Wintershall abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk galt im Rahmen aller Untersuchungen der Wirkung von {\"u}bersch{\"u}tteten ehemaligen Haldenoberfl{\"a}chen, die als Sch{\"u}ttfl{\"a}chen bezeichnet werden. Es zeigte sich anhand der Untersuchungen, dass die Relevanz von Sch{\"u}ttfl{\"a}chen f{\"u}r das Str{\"o}mungsgeschehen abh{\"a}ngig von der Sch{\"u}tthistorie ist, und dass diese, selbst wenn sie aktiv am Str{\"o}mungsgeschehen teilnehmen, die Gegebenheiten im Haldenk{\"o}rper nur lokal {\"u}berpr{\"a}gen. Das Ziel der Aufstellung eines Modells zu Str{\"o}mungsprozessen im Haldenk{\"o}rper besteht in der Beurteilung der von diesen Halden ausgehenden Umweltauswirkungen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus dienen die Erkenntnisse der Einsch{\"a}tzung der Wirksamkeit der bereits ergriffenen bzw. noch zu ergreifenden Schutz- und Emissionsminderungsmaßnahmen sowie der Planung zuk{\"u}nftiger Maßnahmen zur Wiedernutzbarmachung der Tagesoberfl{\"a}che und zur Erstellung von Prognosen. In diesem Sinne wurden aus den Ergebnissen der Arbeit abschließend Empfehlungen f{\"u}r technische Konzepte und den Haldenbetrieb abgeleitet.},
  subject      = {Kaliindustrie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PhilippWegmannKuebertFlock2021,
  author    = {Philipp, Marius and Wegmann, Martin and K{\"u}bert-Flock, Carina},
  title     = {Quantifying the Response of German Forests to Drought Events via Satellite Imagery},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs13091845},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239575},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Forest systems provide crucial ecosystem functions to our environment, such as balancing carbon stocks and influencing the local, regional and global climate. A trend towards an increasing frequency of climate change induced extreme weather events, including drought, is hereby a major challenge for forest management. Within this context, the application of remote sensing data provides a powerful means for fast, operational and inexpensive investigations over large spatial scales and time. This study was dedicated to explore the potential of satellite data in combination with harmonic analyses for quantifying the vegetation response to drought events in German forests. The harmonic modelling method was compared with a z-score standardization approach and correlated against both, meteorological and topographical data. Optical satellite imagery from Landsat and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used in combination with three commonly applied vegetation indices. Highest correlation scores based on the harmonic modelling technique were computed for the 6th harmonic degree. MODIS imagery in combination with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) generated hereby best results for measuring spectral response to drought conditions. Strongest correlation between remote sensing data and meteorological measures were observed for soil moisture and the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI). Furthermore, forests regions over sandy soils with pine as the dominant tree type were identified to be particularly vulnerable to drought. In addition, topographical analyses suggested mitigated drought affects along hill slopes. While the proposed approaches provide valuable information about vegetation dynamics as a response to meteorological weather conditions, standardized in-situ measurements over larger spatial scales and related to drought quantification are required for further in-depth quality assessment of the used methods and data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{NghengwaAche2019,
  author    = {Nghengwa Ache, Patience},
  title     = {Waste Management As a Correlate of Environmental Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Example of Imo State, Nigeria},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-19224},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192240},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Summary Introduction. Rapid and uncontrolled industrialisation and urbanisation in most developing countries are resulting in land, air and water pollution at rates that the natural environment cannot fully renew. These contemporary environmental issues have attracted local, national and international attention. The problem of urban garbage management is associated with rapid population growth in developing countries. These are pertinent environmental crises of sustainability and sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa and other Third World countries. Despite efforts of the various tiers of government (the case of Nigeria with three tiers: Federal, State and Local governments) in managing solid waste in urban centres, it is still overflowing open dumpsites, litters streets and encroaches into water bodies. These affect the quality of urban living conditions and the natural environment. Sub-Saharan and other developing countries are experiencing an upsurge in the accumulation and the diversity of waste including E-waste, waste agricultural biomass and waste plastics. The need for effective, sustainable and efficient management of waste through the application of 3Rs principle (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) is an essential element for promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production. This study examined waste management in Imo State, Nigeria as an aspect correlated to the sustainability of its environment. Materials and methods. To analyse waste management as a correlate of environmental sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa, Imo State, in eastern Nigeria was chosen as a study area. Issues about waste handling and its impact on the environment in Imo have been reported since its creation in 1976; passing through the State with the cleanest State capital in 1980 to a 'dunghill' in 2013 and a 'garbage capital' on October 1, 2016. Within this State, three study sites were selected - Owerri metropolis (the State capital) Orlu and Okigwe towns. At these sites, households, commercial areas, accommodation and recreational establishments and schools, as well as dumpsites were investigated to ascertain the composition, quantity, distribution, handling patterns of waste in relation to the sustainability of the State's environment. This was done conveniently but randomly through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and non-participant observation; these were all heralded by a detailed deskwork. Data were entered using Microsoft Office Excel and were explored and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS. Data were made essentially of categorical variables and were analysed using descriptive statistics. The association between categorical variables was measured using Cramer's V the Chi-Square that makes the power and the reliability of the test. Cramer's V is a measure of association tests directly integrated with cross-tabulation. The Chi-Square test of equal proportions was used to compare proportions for significant differences at 0.05 levels. The statistical package - the Epi Info 6.04d was also used since a contingency table had to be created from several sub-outputs and determine the extent of association between the row and column categories. The scale variable 'quantity of waste generated' was described using measures of central tendency. It was screened for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality; in all context, the normality assumption was violated (P<0.05). Five null hypotheses were tested using Logistic Regression model. The explanatory power of individual conceptual component was calculated using the Cox \& Snell R2 and that of individual indicators was also appraised using the Likelihood Ratio test. In the context of this work, the significance of the variability explained by the model (baseline model) was appraised using the Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients, the magnitude of this variability explained by the model using the Cox \& Snell R2 and the effects of individual predictors using the Likelihood Ratio test. Qualitatively, data from open-ended items, observations and interviews were analysed using the process of thematic analysis whereby concepts or ideas were grouped under umbrella terms or keywords. The results were presented using tables, charts, graphs, photos and maps. Findings and discussions. The total findings and analyses indicated that proper waste handling in Imo State, Nigeria has a positive impact on the environment. This was assessed by the community's awareness of waste management via sources like the radio and the TV, their education on waste management and schools' integration of environmental education in their program. Although most community members perceived the State's environment as compared to it about 10 years' back has worsened, where they were conscious of proper waste handling measures, the environment was described to be better. This influence of environmental awareness and education on environmental sustainability appraised using Logistic Regression Model, portrayed a significant variability (Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients: χ2=42.742; P=0.014), inferring that environmental awareness and education significantly predict environmental sustainability. The findings also revealed that organic waste generation spearheaded amongst other waste types like paper, plastic, E-waste, metal, textile and glass. While waste pickers always sorted paper, plastics, aluminium and metal, some of them also sorted out textile and glass. Statistically (P<0.05), in situations where waste was least generated (i.e., 1-2kg per day), community members maintained that the environmental quality was better in comparison to 10 years' back. Waste items like broken glass and textile as well as the remains of E-waste after the extraction of copper and brass were not sorted for and these contributed more to environmental degradation. Similarly, the influence of wealth on environmental sustainability was appraised using Logistic Regression Model including development index related indicators like education, occupation, income and the ability to pay for waste disposal. Harmonising the outcome, farmers, who were mostly the least educated claimed to notice more environmental improvement. In addition, those who did not agree to pay for waste disposal who were mostly those with low income (less than 200,000 Naira, i.e. about 620 Euros monthly) perceived environmental improvement more than those with income above 200,000 Naira. This irony can be attributed to the fact that those with low educational backing lack the capacity to appreciate environmental sustainability pointers well as compared to those with a broader educational background with critical thinking. The employment and poverty reduction opportunities pertaining to waste management on environmental sustainability was appraised using qualitative thematic analysis. All community members involved in sorting, buying and selling of waste items had no second job. They attested that the money earned from their activities sustained their livelihood and families. Some expressed love for the job, especially as they were their own masters. Waste picking and trading in waste items are offering employment opportunities to many communities around the world. For instance, in the waste recycling, waste composting, waste-to-energy plants and die Stadtreiniger in W{\"u}rzburg city. The workers in these enterprises have jobs as a result of waste. Waste disposal influence on environmental sustainability was appraised using the Binary Logistic Regression Model and the variability explained by the model was significant. The validity was also supported by the Wald statistics (P<0.05), which indicates the effect of the predictors is significant. Environmental sustainability was greatly reliant on indicators like the frequency at which community members emptied their waste containers; how/where waste is disposed of, availability of disposal site or public bin near the house, etc. Imolites who asserted to have public waste bins or disposal sites near their houses maintained that the quality of the State's environment had worsened as such containers/disposal sites were always stinking as well as had animals and smoke around them. Imolites around disposal sites complained of traits like diarrhoea, catarrh, insect bites, malaria, smoke and polluted air. Conclusions. The liaison between poor waste management strategies and the sustainability of the Imo State environment was considered likely as statistically significant ineffectiveness, lack of awareness, poverty, insufficient and unrealistic waste management measures were found in this study area. In these situations, the environment was said to have not improved. Such inadequacies in the handling of generated waste did not only expose the citizenry to health dangers but also gave rise to streets and roads characterized by filth and many unattended disposal sites unleashing horrible odour to the environment and attracting wild animals. This situation is not only prevalent in Imo State, Nigeria but in many Sub-Saharan cities. Future Perspectives. To improve the environment in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is imperative to practice an inclusive and integrated sustainable waste management system. The waste quantity in this region is fast growing, especially food/organic waste. The region should aim at waste management laws and waste reduction strategies, which will help save and produce more food that it really needs. Waste management should be dissociated from epidemic outbreaks like cholera, typhoid, Lassa fever and malaria, whose vectors thrive in filthy environments. Water channels and water bodies should not be waste disposal channels or waste disposal sites.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WangBachoferKoehleretal.2022,
  author    = {Wang, Zhiyuan and Bachofer, Felix and Koehler, Jonas and Huth, Juliane and Hoeser, Thorsten and Marconcini, Mattia and Esch, Thomas and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Spatial modelling and prediction with the spatio-temporal matrix: a study on predicting future settlement growth},
  series = {Land},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Land},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {2073-445X},
  doi       = {10.3390/land11081174},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281856},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In the past decades, various Earth observation-based time series products have emerged, which have enabled studies and analysis of global change processes. Besides their contribution to understanding past processes, time series datasets hold enormous potential for predictive modeling and thereby meet the demands of decision makers on future scenarios. In order to further exploit these data, a novel pixel-based approach has been introduced, which is the spatio-temporal matrix (STM). The approach integrates the historical characteristics of a specific land cover at a high temporal frequency in order to interpret the spatial and temporal information for the neighborhood of a given target pixel. The provided information can be exploited with common predictive models and algorithms. In this study, this approach was utilized and evaluated for the prediction of future urban/built-settlement growth. Random forest and multi-layer perceptron were employed for the prediction. The tests have been carried out with training strategies based on a one-year and a ten-year time span for the urban agglomerations of Surat (India), Ho-Chi-Minh City (Vietnam), and Abidjan (Ivory Coast). The slope, land use, exclusion, urban, transportation, hillshade (SLEUTH) model was selected as a baseline indicator for the performance evaluation. The statistical results from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrate a good ability of the STM to facilitate the prediction of future settlement growth and its transferability to different cities, with area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.85. Compared with SLEUTH, the STM-based model achieved higher AUC in all of the test cases, while being independent of the additional datasets for the restricted and the preferential development areas.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Emmert2020,
  author    = {Emmert, Adrian Alexander},
  title     = {The Internal Structure of Periglacial Landforms - Assessments of Subsurface Variations in Permafrost-related and Frost-related Phenomena by Multi-dimensional Geophysical Investigations},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-138-9},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-139-6},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202437},
  school      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {xix, 167},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The internal structure of periglacial landforms contains valuable information on past and present environmental conditions. To benefit from this archive, however, an enhanced understanding of subsurface variations is crucial. This enables to assess the influence of the internal structure on prevailing process regimes and to evaluate the sensitivity of different landform units to environmental changes. This thesis investigates structural variations in the subsurface of (i) rock glaciers,(ii) solifluction lobes, (iii) palsas/ lithalsas and (iv) patterned ground, which occur between the different landform types, but also between landform units of the same type. Investigated variables comprise (i) the spatial distribution of permafrost, (ii) ground ice content, (iii) the origin of ground ice, (iv) thickness of the active layer and (v) frost table topography. Multi-dimensional investigations by the geophysical methods Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) were performed in six study areas (a-f): four of them are located in high-alpine environments in Switzerland and two of them are located in the subarctic highlands of Iceland. Additionally, surface and subsurface temperature values were continuously recorded at selected study sites. At one study site, pF-values, representing the matric potential (or water potential), were recorded. From a methodological view, this thesis focuses on the application of quasi-3-D ERI, an approach in which many two-dimensional data sets are combined to create one three-dimensional data set. This permits e.g., a three-dimensional delimitation of subsurface structures and a spatial investigation of the distribution of ground ice. Besides the analysis of field data, this thesis incudes a comparison between inversion models produced with different software products, based on two synthetic data sets. The detection of resistivity structures and reflection patterns provides valuable insights into the internal structure of the investigated landform units: At the high-alpine study site at (a) Piz Nair, a highly variable ice content indicates a complex development of the investigated rock glacier assembly. The local formation of ground ice is attributed to an embedding of surface patches of snow or ice into the subsurface by rockfall. Results of geoelectric monitoring surveys on selected rock glaciers show the influence of seasonal alterations in the internal structure on subsurface meltwater flow. At the study site at (b) Piz {\"U}ertsch, results indicate the occurrences of isolated ground ice patches in a significantly larger rock glacier. Detected characteristics of the internal structure enable to reconstruct the development of the rock glacier, in which a temporary override of an adjacent glacier tongue on the rock glacier is considered crucial for the current distribution of ground ice. However, results of this thesis clearly show the absence of buried glacier ice in the subsurface of the rock glacier. Results from a rock glacier near the (c) Las Trais Fluors mountain ridge affirm the existence of a water-permeable frozen layer, which was assumed in previous studies. Furthermore, results show that the rock glacier contains large amounts of rockfall deposits. A joint interpretation of ERI and GPR results from the investigated scree slope at the mountain (d) Blauberg (Furka Pass) reveals characteristic structures in the subsurface, which enable a differentiation between solifluction lobes and pebbly rock glaciers. At the subarctic study site (e) Orravatnsr{\´u}stir, results show that the internal structure of palsas can be used to deduce their current development stage and to assess past and future developments. Presented results affirm a long history of palsa development at the study site, as assumed in previous studies, but indicate recently changing environmental conditions. The investigated occurrences of patterned ground in the proglacial area of the glacier (f) Hofsj{\"o}kull are currently not influenced by the detected occurrence of permafrost, according to the presented results. Therefore, a temporary formation of pattered ground is assumed, which is linked to the retreat of the glacier. This thesis shows discrepancies between the internal structure of some of the investigated landform units and the recent environmental conditions. This indicates a delayed adaption and a low sensitivity of the landform units to environmental changes. Findings indicate that the future development of permafrost will be strongly affected by variations in snowfall. Furthermore, the detection of isolated occurrences of ground ice at several study sites contradicts the widely assumed effectivity of balancing heat fluxes to create homogenous subsurface conditions in relatively fine-grained subsurface materials.},
  subject      = {Permafrost},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoeschPlank2022,
  author    = {R{\"o}sch, Moritz and Plank, Simon},
  title     = {Detailed mapping of lava and ash deposits at Indonesian volcanoes by means of VHR PlanetScope change detection},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14051168},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262232},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Mapping of lava flows in unvegetated areas of active volcanoes using optical satellite data is challenging due to spectral similarities of volcanic deposits and the surrounding background. Using very high-resolution PlanetScope data, this study introduces a novel object-oriented classification approach for mapping lava flows in both vegetated and unvegetated areas during several eruptive phases of three Indonesian volcanoes (Karangetang 2018/2019, Agung 2017, Krakatau 2018/2019). For this, change detection analysis based on PlanetScope imagery for mapping loss of vegetation due to volcanic activity (e.g., lava flows) is combined with the analysis of changes in texture and brightness, with hydrological runoff modelling and with analysis of thermal anomalies derived from Sentinel-2 or Landsat-8. Qualitative comparison of the mapped lava flows showed good agreement with multispectral false color time series (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8). Reports of the Global Volcanism Program support the findings, indicating the developed lava mapping approach produces valuable results for monitoring volcanic hazards. Despite the lack of bands in infrared wavelengths, PlanetScope proves beneficial for the assessment of risk and near-real-time monitoring of active volcanoes due to its high spatial (3 m) and temporal resolution (mapping of all subaerial volcanoes on a daily basis).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hardaker2021,
  author    = {Hardaker, Sina},
  title     = {Platform economy: (dis-) embeddedness processes in urban spaces},
  series = {Urban Transformations},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Urban Transformations},
  issn      = {2524-8162},
  doi       = {10.1186/s42854-021-00029-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-271329},
  pages     = {1-13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Digital platforms, understood as multi-sided matchmakers, have amassed huge power, reimagining the role of consumers, producers, and even ownership. They increasingly dictate the way the economy and urban life is organized. Yet, despite their influential and far-reaching role in shaping our economic as well as sociocultural world, our understanding of their embeddedness, namely how their activities are embedded in systems of social and societal relationships and how they conceptualize their main functions and actions in relation to their wider setting, remains rudimentary. Consequently, the purpose of this frontier paper is threefold. Firstly, it reveals the need to discuss and evaluate (dis-)embedding processes in platform urbanism in order to understand the underlying dynamics of platform power and urban transformation. Secondly, it aims to reveal the main reasons in regard to the difficulties in pinpointing digital platforms embeddedness. Thirdly, it seeks to propose future research unravelling the (dis-)embeddedness of the platform economy. This paper argues for three main reasons namely unawareness, unaccountability and non-transparency of digital platforms that drive the lack of embeddedness and reaffirms platform power. This is mainly based on the configuration of new commodities, platforms' strategic avoidance of labour protections and other regulatory frameworks as well as platforms' secrecy in which they operate. This frontier paper argues that transferring the concept of embeddedness to the platform economy might serve as a valuable tool to understand and pinpoint essential dynamics and relationships at play, therefore proposing embeddedness as a basis for future research on the platform economy. It strongly argues that a more detailed understanding is urgently needed, in order to be able to understand, accompany and actively influence the development of the platform economy in regulatory terms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Abel2023,
  author    = {Abel, Daniel Karl-Joseph},
  title     = {Weiterentwicklung der Bodenhydrologie des regionalen Klimamodells REMO},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31146},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311468},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die Bodenfeuchte stellt eine essenzielle Variable f{\"u}r den Energie-, Feuchte- und Stoffaustausch zwischen Landoberfl{\"a}che und Atmosph{\"a}re dar. Ihre Auswirkungen auf Temperatur und Niederschlag sind vielf{\"a}ltig und komplex. Die in Klimamodellen verwendeten Schemata zur Simulation der Bodenfeuchte, auch bodenhydrologische Schemata genannt, sind aufgrund des Ursprungs der Klimamodelle aus Wettermodellen jedoch h{\"a}ufig sehr stark vereinfacht dargestellt. Bei Klimamodellen, die Simulationen mit einer groben Aufl{\"o}sung von mehreren Zehner- oder Hunderterkilometern rechnen, k{\"o}nnen viele Prozesse vernachl{\"a}ssigt werden. Da die Aufl{\"o}sung der Klimamodelle jedoch stetig steigt und mittlerweile beim koordinierten Projekt regionaler Klimamodelle CORDEX-CORE standardm{\"a}ßig bei 0.22° Kantenl{\"a}nge liegt, m{\"u}ssen auch h{\"o}her aufgel{\"o}ste Daten und mehr Prozesse simuliert werden. Dies gilt erst recht mit Blick auf konvektionsaufl{\"o}sende Simulationen mit wenigen Kilometern Kantenl{\"a}nge. Mit steigenden Modellaufl{\"o}sungen steigt zugleich die Komplexit{\"a}t und Differenziertheit der Fragestellungen, die mit Hilfe von Klimamodellen beantwortet werden sollen. An diesem Punkt setzt auch das Projekt BigData@Geo an, in dessen Rahmen die vorliegende Arbeit entstand. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es, hochaufgel{\"o}ste Klimainformationen f{\"u}r den bayerischen Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken f{\"u}r Akteure aus der Land- und Forstwirtschaft sowie dem Weinbau zur Verf{\"u}gung zu stellen. Auf diesen angewandten und grundlegenden Anforderungen und Zielsetzungen basierend, bedarf auch das in dieser Arbeit verwendete regionale Klimamodell REMO (Version 2015) der weiteren Entwicklung. So ist das Hauptziel der Arbeit das bestehende einschichtige bodenhydrologische Schema durch ein mehrschichtiges zu ersetzen. Der Vorteil mehrerer simulierter Bodenschichten besteht darin, dass nun die vertikale Bewegung des Wassers in Form von Versickerung und kapillarem Aufstieg simuliert werden kann. Dies geschieht auf der Basis bodenhydrologischer Parameter, deren Wert in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Boden und der Bodenfeuchte {\"u}ber die Wasserr{\"u}ckhaltekurve bestimmt wird. F{\"u}r diese Kurve existieren verschiedene Parametrisierungen, von denen die Ans{\"a}tze von Clapp-Hornberger und van Genuchten verwendet wurden. Außerdem kann die Bodenfeuchte nun bis zu einer Tiefe von circa 10 m beziehungsweise der Tiefe des anstehenden Gesteins simuliert werden. Damit besteht im Gegensatz zum vorherigen Schema, dessen Tiefe auf die Wurzeltiefe beschr{\"a}nkt ist, die M{\"o}glichkeit, dass Wasser auch unterhalb der Wurzeln zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen kann und somit die absolute im Boden verf{\"u}gbare Wassermenge zunimmt. Die Schichtung erlaubt dar{\"u}ber hinaus die Verdunstung aus unbewachsenem Boden lediglich auf Basis des in der obersten Schicht verf{\"u}gbaren Wassers. Ein weiterer Prozess, der dank der Schichtung und der weiter unten erl{\"a}uterten Datens{\"a}tze neu parametrisiert werden kann, ist die Infiltration. F{\"u}r die Verwendung des Schemas sind Informationen {\"u}ber bodenhydrologische Parameter, die Wurzeltiefe und die Tiefe bis zum anstehenden Gestein erforderlich. Entsprechende Datens{\"a}tze m{\"u}ssen hierf{\"u}r aufbereitet und in das Modell eingebaut werden. Bez{\"u}glich der Wurzeltiefe wurden drei sich bez{\"u}glich der Tiefe, der Definition und der verf{\"u}gbaren Aufl{\"o}sung stark voneinander unterscheidende Datens{\"a}tze verglichen. Letztendlich wird die Wurzeltiefe aus dem mit einer anderen REMO-Version gekoppelten Vegetationsmodul iMOVE verwendet, da zuk{\"u}nftig eine Kopplung dieses Moduls mit dem mehrschichtigen Boden geplant ist und die Wurzeltiefen damit konsistent sind. Zudem ist die zugrundeliegende Aufl{\"o}sung der Daten hoch und es werden maximale Wurzeltiefen ber{\"u}cksichtigt, die besonders wichtig f{\"u}r die Simulation von Landoberfl{\"a}che-Atmosph{\"a}re-Interaktionen sind. Diese Vorteile brachten die anderen Datens{\"a}tze nicht mit. In der finalen Modellversion werden f{\"u}r die Tiefe bis zum anstehenden Gestein und die Korngr{\"o}ßenverteilungen die Daten von SoilGrids verwendet. Ein Vergleich mit anderen Bodendatens{\"a}tzen fand in einer parallel laufenden Dissertation statt (Ziegler 2022). Bei SoilGrids ist hervorzuheben, dass die Korngr{\"o}ßenverteilungen in einer hohen r{\"a}umlichen Aufl{\"o}sung (1 km^2 oder h{\"o}her) und mit mehreren vertikalen Schichten vorliegen. Gegen{\"u}ber dem urspr{\"u}nglich in REMO verwendeten Datensatz mit einer Kantenl{\"a}nge von 0.5° und ohne vertikale Differenzierung ist dies eine starke Verbesserung der Eingangsdaten. Dazu kommt, dass die Korngr{\"o}ßenverteilungen die Verwendung kontinuierlicher Pedotransferfunktionen statt f{\"u}nf diskreter Texturklassen, denen f{\"u}r die bodenhydrologischen Parameter fixe Tabellenwerte zugewiesen werden, erm{\"o}glichen. Dies f{\"u}hrt zu einer deutlich besseren Differenzierung des heterogenen Bodens. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden insgesamt 19 Simulationen f{\"u}r Europa und ein erweitertes Deutschlandgebiet mit Aufl{\"o}sungen von 0.44° beziehungsweise 0.11° f{\"u}r den Zeitraum 2000 bis 2018 gerechnet. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Einf{\"u}hrung des mehrschichtigen Bodenschemas gegen{\"u}ber dem einschichtigen Schema zu einer Verringerung der Bodenfeuchte in der Wurzeltiefe f{\"u}hrt. Nichtsdestotrotz nimmt die absolute Wassermenge des Bodens durch die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Bodens unterhalb der Wurzelzone zu. Bezogen auf die einzelnen Schichten wird die Bodenfeuchte damit zwar untersch{\"a}tzt, im Laufe der Modellentwicklung kann jedoch eine Verbesserung im Vergleich zu ERA5 erzielt werden. Das neue Schema f{\"u}hrt zu einer Verringerung der Evapotranspiration, die {\"u}ber alle Schritte der Modellentwicklung und besonders w{\"a}hrend der Sommermonate auftritt. Im Vergleich zu Validationsdaten von ERA5 und GLEAM zeigt sich, dass dies eine Verbesserung dieser Gr{\"o}ße bedeutet, die sowohl in der Fl{\"a}che als auch beim Fehler und in der Verteilung auftritt. Gleiches l{\"a}sst sich f{\"u}r den Oberfl{\"a}chenabfluss sagen. Hierf{\"u}r implementierte Schemata (Philip, Green-Ampt), die anders als das standardm{\"a}ßig verwendete Improved-Arno-Schema bodenhydrologische Parameter ber{\"u}cksichtigen, konnten eine weitere Verbesserung im Flachland zeigen. In Gebirgsregionen nahm der Fehler durch die nicht enthaltene Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Hangneigung jedoch zu, sodass in der finalen Modellversion auf das Improved-Arno-Schema zur{\"u}ckgegriffen wurde. Die Temperatur steigt durch die urspr{\"u}ngliche Version des mehrschichtigen Schemas zun{\"a}chst an, was zu einer {\"U}ber- statt der vorherigen Untersch{\"a}tzung gegen{\"u}ber E-OBS f{\"u}hrt. Die Modellentwicklung resultiert zwar in einer Reduzierung der Temperatur, jedoch f{\"a}llt diese zu stark aus, sodass der Temperaturfehler letztendlich gr{\"o}ßer als in der einschichtigen Modellversion ist. Da die Evapotranspiration jedoch maßgeblich verbessert wurde, kann dieser Fehler eventuell auf ein {\"u}berm{\"a}ßiges Tuning der Temperatur zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Die Betrachtung von Hitzeereignissen am Beispiel der Sommer 2003 und 2018 hat gezeigt, dass die Modellentwicklung dazu beitr{\"a}gt, diese Ereignisse besser als das einschichtige Schema zu simulieren. Zwar trifft dies nicht auf das r{\"a}umliche Verhalten der mittleren Temperatur zu, jedoch auf deren zeitlichen Verlauf. Hinzu kommt die bessere Simulation der t{\"a}glichen Extrem- und besonders der Minimaltemperatur, was zu einer Erh{\"o}hung der t{\"a}glichen Temperaturspanne f{\"u}hrt. Diese wird von Klimamodellen in der Regel zu stark untersch{\"a}tzt. Durch die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der vertikalen Wasserfl{\"u}sse hat sich jedoch auch gezeigt, dass noch enormes Entwicklungspotenzial mit Blick auf (boden)hydrologische Prozesse besteht. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Simulationen mit konvektionserlaubender Aufl{\"o}sung. So sollten subskalige Informationen des Bodens und der Orographie ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Dies dient einerseits der Repr{\"a}sentation vorliegender Heterogenit{\"a}ten und kann andererseits, wie am Beispiel der Infiltrationsschemata dargelegt, zur Verbesserung bestehender Prozesse beitragen. Da die simulierte Drainage durch das mehrschichtige Bodenschema im gleichen Maße zu- wie der Oberfl{\"a}chenabfluss abnimmt und das Wasser dem Modell in der Folge nicht weiter zur Verf{\"u}gung steht, sollte zuk{\"u}nftig auch Grundwasser im Modell ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Eine Vielzahl von Studien konnte einen Mehrwert durch die Implementierung dieser Variable und damit verbundener Prozesse feststellen. Mittelfristig ist jedoch insgesamt die Kopplung an ein hydrologisches Modell zu empfehlen, um die bei hochaufl{\"o}senden Simulationen relevanten Prozesse angemessen repr{\"a}sentieren zu k{\"o}nnen. Hierf{\"u}r bieten sich beispielsweise ParFlow oder mHM an. Insgesamt ist festzuhalten, dass das mehrschichtige Bodenschema einen Mehrwert liefert, da schwer zu simulierende und in der Postprozessierung zu korrigierende Variablen wie die Evapotranspiration und der Oberfl{\"a}chenabfluss deutlich besser modelliert werden k{\"o}nnen als mit dem einschichtigen Schema. Dies gilt auch f{\"u}r die Extremtemperaturen. Beides ist klar auf die Schichtung des Bodens und damit einhergehender Prozesse zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Bez{\"u}glich der Daten zeigt sich, dass die Wurzeltiefe, die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von SoilGrids und die vertikale Bodeninformation f{\"u}r die weitere Optimierung verantwortlich sind. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist der h{\"o}here Informationsgehalt, der anhand der geschichteten Bodenfeuchte zur Verf{\"u}gung steht, ebenfalls als Mehrwert einzustufen.},
  subject      = {Klima},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Wagner2022,
  author    = {Wagner, Horst-G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Golf von Neapel : Landschaftswandel durch Verst{\"a}dterung},
  publisher = {wbg Academic},
  address   = {Darmstadt},
  isbn      = {978-3-534-40635-7},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-25052},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250525},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {172},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In vielen mediterranen K{\"u}stenniederungen entstand seit 1950 infolge von Gebirgsentv{\"o}lkerung, Infrastrukturausbau, neuer Gewerbe sowie illegaler Baut{\"a}tigkeit ein fast l{\"u}ckenloses Verst{\"a}dterungsband. Am Golf von Neapel konnte dieser Landschaftswandel {\"u}ber eine lange Zeit beobachtet und durch zahlreiche Vergleichsfotos, Kartierungen, Luft- und Satellitenbilder und Interviews dokumentiert werden. Horst-G{\"u}nter Wagner zeigt in diesem Band die Ver{\"a}nderungen der K{\"u}stenebene und erl{\"a}utert ihre Ursachen.},
  subject      = {Golf von Neapel},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RoesslerWittIkonenetal.2021,
  author    = {R{\"o}ßler, Sebastian and Witt, Marius S. and Ikonen, Jaakko and Brown, Ian A. and Dietz, Andreas J.},
  title     = {Remote sensing of snow cover variability and its influence on the runoff of S{\´a}pmi's rivers},
  series = {Geosciences},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Geosciences},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2076-3263},
  doi       = {10.3390/geosciences11030130},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234261},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The boreal winter 2019/2020 was very irregular in Europe. While there was very little snow in Central Europe, the opposite was the case in northern Fenno-Scandia, particularly in the Arctic. The snow cover was more persistent here and its rapid melting led to flooding in many places. Since the last severe spring floods occurred in the region in 2018, this raises the question of whether more frequent occurrences can be expected in the future. To assess the variability of snowmelt related flooding we used snow cover maps (derived from the DLR's Global SnowPack MODIS snow product) and freely available data on runoff, precipitation, and air temperature in eight unregulated river catchment areas. A trend analysis (Mann-Kendall test) was carried out to assess the development of the parameters, and the interdependencies of the parameters were examined with a correlation analysis. Finally, a simple snowmelt runoff model was tested for its applicability to this region. We noticed an extraordinary variability in the duration of snow cover. If this extends well into spring, rapid air temperature increases leads to enhanced thawing. According to the last flood years 2005, 2010, 2018, and 2020, we were able to differentiate between four synoptic flood types based on their special hydrometeorological and snow situation and simulate them with the snowmelt runoff model (SRM).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RauchTaubenboeckKnoppetal.2021,
  author    = {Rauch, S. and Taubenb{\"o}ck, H. and Knopp, C. and Rauh, J.},
  title     = {Risk and space: modelling the accessibility of stroke centers using day- \& nighttime population distribution and different transportation scenarios},
  series = {International Journal of Health Geographics},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {International Journal of Health Geographics},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12942-021-00284-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261228},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose Rapid accessibility of (intensive) medical care can make the difference between life and death. Initial care in case of strokes is highly dependent on the location of the patient and the traffic situation for supply vehicles. In this methodologically oriented paper we want to determine the inequivalence of the risks in this respect. Methods Using GIS we calculate the driving time between Stroke Units in the district of M{\"u}nster, Germany for the population distribution at day- \& nighttime. Eight different speed scenarios are considered. In order to gain the highest possible spatial resolution, we disaggregate reported population counts from administrative units with respect to a variety of factors onto building level. Results The overall accessibility of urban areas is better than in less urban districts using the base scenario. In that scenario 6.5\% of the population at daytime and 6.8\% at nighttime cannot be reached within a 30-min limit for the first care. Assuming a worse traffic situation, which is realistic at daytime, 18.1\% of the population fail the proposed limit. Conclusions In general, we reveal inequivalence of the risks in case of a stroke depending on locations and times of the day. The ability to drive at high average speeds is a crucial factor in emergency care. Further important factors are the different population distribution at day and night and the locations of health care facilities. With the increasing centralization of hospital locations, rural residents in particular will face a worse accessibility situation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DobińskiKneisel2021,
  author    = {Dobiński, Wojciech and Kneisel, Christof},
  title     = {Permafrost and glaciers: perspectives for the Earth and planetary sciences — another step forward},
  series = {Geosciences},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Geosciences},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2076-3263},
  doi       = {10.3390/geosciences11020068},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228766},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RemelgadoSafiWegmann2020,
  author    = {Remelgado, Ruben and Safi, Kamran and Wegmann, Martin},
  title     = {From ecology to remote sensing: using animals to map land cover},
  series = {Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/rse2.126},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225200},
  pages     = {93-104},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Land cover is a key variable in monitoring applications and new processing technologies made deriving this information easier. Yet, classification algorithms remain dependent on samples collected on the field and field campaigns are limited by financial, infrastructural and political boundaries. Here, animal tracking data could be an asset. Looking at the land cover dependencies of animal behaviour, we can obtain land cover samples over places that are difficult to access. Following this premise, we evaluated the potential of animal movement data to map land cover. Specifically, we used 13 White Storks (Cicona cicona) individuals of the same population to map agriculture within three test regions distributed along their migratory track. The White Stork has adapted to foraging over agricultural lands, making it an ideal source of samples to map this land use. We applied a presence-absence modelling approach over a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series and validated our classifications, with high-resolution land cover information. Our results suggest White Stork movement is useful to map agriculture, however, we identified some limitations. We achieved high accuracies (F1-scores > 0.8) for two test regions, but observed poor results over one region. This can be explained by differences in land management practices. The animals preferred agriculture in every test region, but our data showed a biased distribution of training samples between irrigated and non-irrigated land. When both options occurred, the animals disregarded non-irrigated land leading to its misclassification as non-agriculture. Additionally, we found difference between the GPS observation dates and the harvest times for non-irrigated crops. Given the White Stork takes advantage of managed land to search for prey, the inactivity of these fields was the likely culprit of their underrepresentation. Including more species attracted to agriculture - with other land-use dependencies and observation times - can contribute to better results in similar applications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Halbleib2019,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Halbleib, Julia},
  title     = {Bodenerosion und ihre Modellierung auf Grundlage der Allgemeinen Bodenabtragsgleichung (ABAG) - Erosionsabsch{\"a}tzung mittels AVErosion im Untersuchungsgebiet Biosph{\"a}renreservat Rh{\"o}n},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178811},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur Modellierung der Bodenerosion auf Ackerfl{\"a}chen in einem Untersuchungsgebiet im UNESCO-Biosph{\"a}renreservat Rh{\"o}n vorgestellt. Als Grundlage dienen fl{\"a}chendeckend verf{\"u}gbare, hochaufl{\"o}sende Datens{\"a}tzen zu allen relevanten Faktoren. Ziel ist es die Sensitivit{\"a}t des Modells gegen{\"u}ber verschiedenen Faktoren sowie die {\"U}bertragbarkeit des Verfahrens auf gr{\"o}ßere Untersuchungsgebiete zu testen. Die Modellierung findet dabei in ArcView 3.2 {\"u}ber die Extension AVErosion von SCH{\"A}UBLE (2005) statt, w{\"a}hrend die Vorprozessierung in ArcMap von ESRI durchgef{\"u}hrt wird. Zun{\"a}chst werden grundlegende Begriffe zu den Prozessen, Einflussfaktoren und Messmethoden von Bodenerosion erl{\"a}utert. Die von Bodenerosion verursachten Sch{\"a}den und m{\"o}gliche Schutzmaßnahmen werden aufgrund ihrer Relevanz, unter anderem f{\"u}r die betroffenen Landwirte, geschildert. Nach dem {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Erosionsmodelle werden die hier verwendete Allgemeine Bodenabtragsgleichung (ABAG) und ihre einzelnen Berechnungsschritte vorgestellt. Das Modellierungstool AVErosion verwendet zus{\"a}tzlich Elemente der Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE87). Zur Bodenerosionsmodellierung stehen hochaufl{\"o}sende Datens{\"a}tze aus dem Untersuchungsgebiet zur Verf{\"u}gung, aus denen in der Vorprozessierung die Raster der Faktoren errechnet werden. Insgesamt werden zehn Szenarien mit verschiedenen C-Faktoren und zwei Szenarien mit variierendem R-Faktor modelliert. Daraufhin wird das Untersuchungsgebiet nach physisch-geographischen Gesichtspunkten beschrieben und die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung in der Region charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse der Modellierung zeigen, dass neben den Reliefeigenschaften die Bodenbewirtschaftung auf den Ackerfl{\"a}chen den gr{\"o}ßten Einfluss auf den Bodenabtrag hat. Die Variationen der Niederschlagssumme in den R-Faktor-Szenarien hat hingegen vergleichsweise wenig Auswirkungen auf das Modellierungsergebnis. Zwar konnte durch das Fehlen von aktuellen Bewirtschaftungsdaten keine Modellierung der tats{\"a}chlichen Bodenerosion erzielt werden, jedoch zeigen die verschiedenen C-Faktor-Szenarien den potentiellen Bodenabtrag bei unterschiedlicher Bewirtschaftung. Es wird deutlich, dass auf erosionsgef{\"a}hrdeten Fl{\"a}chen durch eine angepasste Form der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung geringere Abtragswerte in der Modellierung erreicht werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Methode l{\"a}sst sich gut auf das Untersuchungsgebiet im Biosph{\"a}renreservat Rh{\"o}n anwenden und zeigt Potential zur {\"U}bertragung auf gr{\"o}ßere Untersuchungsgebiete},
  subject      = {Bodenerosion},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ArendtReinhardtImjelaSchulteetal.2021,
  author    = {Arendt, Robert and Reinhardt-Imjela, Christian and Schulte, Achim and Faulstich, Leona and Ullmann, Tobias and Beck, Lorenz and Martinis, Sandro and Johannes, Petrina and Lengricht, Joachim},
  title     = {Natural pans as an important surface water resource in the Cuvelai Basin — Metrics for storage volume calculations and identification of potential augmentation sites},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w13020177},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223019},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Numerous ephemeral rivers and thousands of natural pans characterize the transboundary Iishana-System of the Cuvelai Basin between Namibia and Angola. After the rainy season, surface water stored in pans is often the only affordable water source for many people in rural areas. High inter- and intra-annual rainfall variations in this semiarid environment provoke years of extreme flood events and long periods of droughts. Thus, the issue of water availability is playing an increasingly important role in one of the most densely populated and fastest growing regions in southwestern Africa. Currently, there is no transnational approach to quantifying the potential storage and supply functions of the Iishana-System. To bridge these knowledge gaps and to increase the resilience of the local people's livelihood, suitable pans for expansion as intermediate storage were identified and their metrics determined. Therefore, a modified Blue Spot Analysis was performed, based on the high-resolution TanDEM-X digital elevation model. Further, surface area-volume ratio calculations were accomplished for finding suitable augmentation sites in a first step. The potential water storage volume of more than 190,000 pans was calculated at 1.9 km\(^3\). Over 2200 pans were identified for potential expansion to facilitate increased water supply and flood protection in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Dirscherl2022,
  author    = {Dirscherl, Mariel Christina},
  title     = {Remote Sensing of Supraglacial Lake Dynamics in Antarctica - Exploiting Methods from Artificial Intelligence for Derivation of Antarctic Supraglacial Lake Extents in Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Data},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27950},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-279505},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {With accelerating global climate change, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is exposed to increasing ice dynamic change. During 1992 and 2017, Antarctica contributed ~7.6 mm to global sea-level-rise mainly due to ocean thermal forcing along West Antarctica and atmospheric warming along the Antarctic Peninsula (API). Together, these processes caused the progressive retreat of glaciers and ice shelves and weakened their efficient buttressing force causing widespread ice flow accelerations. Holding ~91\% of the global ice mass and 57.3 m of sea-level-equivalent, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is by far the largest potential contributor to future sea-level-rise. Despite the improved understanding of Antarctic ice dynamics, the future of Antarctica remains difficult to predict with its contribution to global sea-level-rise representing the largest uncertainty in current projections. Given that recent studies point towards atmospheric warming and melt intensification to become a dominant driver for future Antarctic ice mass loss, the monitoring of supraglacial lakes and their impacts on ice dynamics is of utmost importance. In this regard, recent progress in Earth Observation provides an abundance of high-resolution optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data at unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage and greatly supports the monitoring of the Antarctic continent where ground-based mapping efforts are difficult to perform. As an automated mapping technique for supraglacial lake extent delineation in optical and SAR satellite imagery as well as a pan-Antarctic inventory of Antarctic supraglacial lakes at high spatial and temporal resolution is entirely missing, this thesis aims to advance the understanding of Antarctic surface hydrology through exploitation of spaceborne remote sensing. In particular, a detailed literature review on spaceborne remote sensing of Antarctic supraglacial lakes identified several research gaps including the lack of (1) an automated mapping technique for optical or SAR satellite data that is transferable in space and time, (2) high-resolution supraglacial lake extent mappings at intra-annual and inter-annual temporal resolution and (3) large-scale mapping efforts across the entire Antarctic continent. In addition, past method developments were found to be restricted to purely visual, manual or semi-automated mapping techniques hindering their application to multi-temporal satellite imagery at large-scale. In this context, the development of automated mapping techniques was mainly limited by sensor-specific characteristics including the similar appearance of supraglacial lakes and other ice sheet surface features in optical or SAR data, the varying temporal signature of supraglacial lakes throughout the year as well as effects such as speckle noise and wind roughening in SAR data or cloud coverage in optical data. To overcome these limitations, this thesis exploits methods from artificial intelligence and big data processing for development of an automated processing chain for supraglacial lake extent delineation in Sentinel-1 SAR and optical Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The combination of both sensor types enabled to capture both surface and subsurface lakes as well as to acquire data during cloud cover or wind roughening of lakes. For Sentinel-1, a deep convolutional neural network based on residual U-Net was trained on the basis of 21,200 labeled Sentinel-1 SAR image patches covering 13 Antarctic regions. Similarly, optical Sentinel-2 data were collected over 14 Antarctic regions and used for training of a Random Forest classifier. Optical and SAR classification products were combined through decision-level fusion at bi-weekly temporal scale and unprecedented 10 m spatial resolution. Finally, the method was implemented as part of DLR's High-Performance Computing infrastructure allowing for an automated processing of large amounts of data including all required pre- and postprocessing steps. The results of an accuracy assessment over independent test scenes highlighted the functionality of the classifiers returning accuracies of 93\% and 95\% for supraglacial lakes in Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, respectively. Exploiting the full archive of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, the developed framework for the first time enabled the monitoring of seasonal characteristics of Antarctic supraglacial lakes over six major ice shelves in 2015-2021. In particular, the results for API ice shelves revealed low lake coverage during 2015-2018 and particularly high lake coverage during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 melting seasons. On the contrary, East Antarctic ice shelves were characterized by high lake coverage during 2016-2019 and extremely low lake coverage during the 2020-2021 melting season. Over all six investigated ice shelves, the development of drainage systems was revealed highlighting an increased risk for ice shelf instability. Through statistical correlation analysis with climate data at varying time lags as well as annual data on Southern Hemisphere atmospheric modes, environmental drivers for meltwater ponding were revealed. In addition, the influence of the local glaciological setting was investigated through computation of annual recurrence times of lakes. Over both ice sheet regions, the complex interplay between local, regional and large-scale environmental drivers was found to control supraglacial lake formation despite local to regional discrepancies, as revealed through pixel-based correlation analysis. Local control factors included the ice surface topography, the ice shelf geometry, the presence of low-albedo features as well as a reduced firn air content and were found to exert strong control on lake distribution. On the other hand, regional controls on lake evolution were revealed to be the amount of incoming solar radiation, air temperature and wind occurrence. While foehn winds were found to dictate lake evolution over the API, katabatic winds influenced lake ponding in East Antarctica. Furthermore, the regional near-surface climate was shown to be driven by large-scale atmospheric modes and teleconnections with the tropics. Overall, the results highlight that similar driving factors control supraglacial lake formation on the API and EAIS pointing towards their transferability to other Antarctic regions.},
  subject      = {Optische Fernerkundung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeisterGarbeTrappeetal.2021,
  author    = {Meister, Julia and Garbe, Philipp and Trappe, Julian and Ullmann, Tobias and Es-Senussi, Ashraf and Baumhauer, Roland and Lange-Athinodorou, Eva and El-Raouf, Amr Abd},
  title     = {The Sacred Waterscape of the Temple of Bastet at Ancient Bubastis, Nile Delta (Egypt)},
  series = {Geosciences},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Geosciences},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2076-3263},
  doi       = {10.3390/geosciences11090385},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246129},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Sacred water canals or lakes, which provided water for all kinds of purification rites and other activities, were very specific and important features of temples in ancient Egypt. In addition to the longer-known textual record, preliminary geoarchaeological surveys have recently provided evidence of a sacred canal at the Temple of Bastet at Bubastis. In order to further explore the location, shape, and course of this canal and to find evidence of the existence of a second waterway, also described by Herodotus, 34 drillings and five 2D geoelectrical measurements were carried out in 2019 and 2020 near the temple. The drillings and 2D ERT surveying revealed loamy to clayey deposits with a thickness of up to five meters, most likely deposited in a very low energy fluvial system (i.e., a canal), allowing the reconstruction of two separate sacred canals both north and south of the Temple of Bastet. In addition to the course of the canals, the width of about 30 m fits Herodotus' description of the sacred waterways. The presence of numerous artefacts proved the anthropogenic use of the ancient canals, which were presumably connected to the Nile via a tributary or canal located west or northwest of Bubastis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuenzerKleinUllmannetal.2015,
  author    = {Kuenzer, Claudia and Klein, Igor and Ullmann, Tobias and Georgiou, Efi Foufoula and Baumhauer, Roland and Dech, Stefan},
  title     = {Remote Sensing of River Delta Inundation: Exploiting the Potential of Coarse Spatial Resolution, Temporally-Dense MODIS Time Series},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs70708516},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151552},
  pages     = {8516 -- 8542},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {River deltas belong to the most densely settled places on earth. Although they only account for 5\% of the global land surface, over 550 million people live in deltas. These preferred livelihood locations, which feature flat terrain, fertile alluvial soils, access to fluvial and marine resources, a rich wetland biodiversity and other advantages are, however, threatened by numerous internal and external processes. Socio-economic development, urbanization, climate change induced sea level rise, as well as flood pulse changes due to upstream water diversion all lead to changes in these highly dynamic systems. A thorough understanding of a river delta's general setting and intra-annual as well as long-term dynamic is therefore crucial for an informed management of natural resources. Here, remote sensing can play a key role in analyzing and monitoring these vast areas at a global scale. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of intra-annual time series analyses at dense temporal, but coarse spatial resolution for inundation characterization in five river deltas located in four different countries. Based on 250 m MODIS reflectance data we analyze inundation dynamics in four densely populated Asian river deltas-namely the Yellow River Delta (China), the Mekong Delta (Vietnam), the Irrawaddy Delta (Myanmar), and the Ganges-Brahmaputra (Bangladesh, India)-as well as one very contrasting delta: the nearly uninhabited polar Mackenzie Delta Region in northwestern Canada for the complete time span of one year (2013). A complex processing chain of water surface derivation on a daily basis allows the generation of intra-annual time series, which indicate inundation duration in each of the deltas. Our analyses depict distinct inundation patterns within each of the deltas, which can be attributed to processes such as overland flooding, irrigation agriculture, aquaculture, or snowmelt and thermokarst processes. Clear differences between mid-latitude, subtropical, and polar deltas are illustrated, and the advantages and limitations of the approach for inundation derivation are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schenk2008,
  author    = {Schenk, Tilman A.},
  title     = {Multiagentensysteme zur Simulation von Konsumentenentscheidungen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231722},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {182},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {St{\"a}dte sehen sich in der Entwicklung ihres Einzelhandelsangebots zunehmend Konkurrenzsituationen zwischen traditionellen Innenstadt- und neu entstehenden Stadtrandlagen ausgesetzt, die einerseits die gestiegenen Fl{\"a}chen- und Produktivit{\"a}tsanspr{\"u}che der Unternehmen eher erf{\"u}llen, w{\"a}hrend andererseits B{\"u}rger, Politik und etablierter Handel ein ‚Aussterben' der Innenst{\"a}dte bef{\"u}rchten. Die Konsequenzen planerischer Entscheidungen in dieser Hinsicht abzusch{\"a}tzen, wird zunehmend komplexer. Daf{\"u}r sind ebenso eine st{\"a}rkere Individualisierung des Konsumverhaltens verantwortlich, wie eine gestiegene Sensibilit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber Verkehrs- und Emissionsbelastungen. Modellierungen und Simulationen k{\"o}nnen einen Beitrag zu fundierter Entscheidungsfindung leisten, indem sie durch Prognosen von Szenarien mit unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen solche Auswirkungen aufzeigen. In der Vergangenheit wurden Kaufkraftstr{\"o}me durch Modelle abgebildet, die auf aggregierten Ausgangsdaten und Analogieschl{\"u}ssen zu Naturgesetzen (Gravitations-, Potenzialansatz) oder nutzentheoretischen Annahmen (Diskreter Entscheidungsansatz) beruhten. In dieser Arbeit wird daf{\"u}r erstmals ein agentenbasierter Ansatz angewendet, da sich so individuelle Ausdifferenzierungen des Konsumentenhandelns wesentlich leichter integrieren und Ergebnisse anschaulicher pr{\"a}sentieren lassen. Urspr{\"u}nglich entstammt die Idee zur Agententechnologie einem Forschungsfeld der Informatik, der K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz. Ziel war hier, Algorithmen zu entwickeln, die aus einer Menge von kleinen Softwarebausteinen bestehen, die zur L{\"o}sung eines Problems miteinander in Kommunikation treten und sich selbst zielbezogen anordnen. Somit schreibt sich der Algorithmus im Grunde selbst. Dieses Konzept kann in den Sozialwissenschaften als Modellierungsparadigma genutzt werden, insofern als dass sie der Idee der Selbstorganisation von Gesellschaften recht nahe kommt. Insbesondere zeichnen sich Multiagentensysteme durch eine dezentrale Kontrolle und Datenvorhaltung aus, die es dar{\"u}ber hinaus erm{\"o}glichen, auch komplexe Systeme von Entscheidungsprozessen mit wenigen Spezifikationen darzustellen. Damit begegnet der Agentenansatz vielen Einw{\"a}nden gegen Analogie- und Entscheidungsmodelle. Durch die konsequente Einnahme einer individuenbezogenen Sichtweise ist die individuelle Ausdifferenzierung von Entscheidungsprozessen viel eher abbildbar. F{\"u}r das Forschungsprojekt konnten f{\"u}r einenm ntersuchungsraum in Nordschweden (Funktionalregion Ume{\aa}, ca. 140.000 Einwohner) individuenbezogene Einwohnerdaten verf{\"u}gbar gemacht werden. Diese enthielten u.a. Lagekoordinaten des Wohn- und Arbeitsorts, Alter, Geschlecht, verf{\"u}gbares Einkommen und Angaben zur Haushaltsstruktur. Verbunden mit Erkenntnissen aus empirischen Untersuchungen (Konsumentenbefragung, Gesch{\"a}ftskartierung) stellten sie die Eingabegr{\"o}ßen f{\"u}r ein agentenbasiertes Modell der Einkaufsst{\"a}ttenwahl bei der Lebensmittelversorgung dar. Die Konsumentenbefragung stellte regressionsanalytische Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten zwischen sozio{\"o}konomischen Daten und Konsumpr{\"a}ferenzen bez{\"u}glich einzelner Gesch{\"a}ftsattribute (Preisniveau, Produktqualit{\"a}t, Sortimentsbreite, Service etc.) her, die gleichen Attribute wurden f{\"u}r die Gesch{\"a}fte erhoben. Somit k{\"o}nnen Kaufkraftstr{\"o}me zwischen Einzelelementen der Nachfrage (individuelle Konsumenten) und des Angebots (einzelne Gesch{\"a}ftsstandorte) als individuell variierende Bewertung der Gesch{\"a}fte durch die Agenten dargestellt werden, gem{\"a}ß derer die Agenten ihre lebensmittelrelevante Kaufkraft auf die Gesch{\"a}fte verteilen. F{\"u}r die Gesch{\"a}fte der gesamten Region konnten G{\"u}temaßwerte bis 0,7 erreicht werden, f{\"u}r einzelne Betriebsformate auch {\"u}ber 0,9. Dies zeigt, dass auch bei der Verwendung individuenbezogener Modelle, die mit einer deutlich h{\"o}heren Anzahl Freiheitsgraden behaftet sind als ihre aggregierten Gegenst{\"u}cke, hohe Prognosequalit{\"a}ten f{\"u}r Umsatzsch{\"a}tzungen von Standorten erreicht werden k{\"o}nnen. Gleichzeitig bietet der Agentenansatz die M{\"o}glichkeit, einzelne Simulationsobjekte bei ihrer Entscheidungsfindung und ihren Aktivit{\"a}ten zu verfolgen. Dabei konnten ebenfalls plausible Einkaufsmuster abgebildet werden. Da die Distanz vom Wohn- bzw. Arbeitsort zum Gesch{\"a}ft Bestandteil des Modells ist, k{\"o}nnen auch die von den Einwohnern zum Zweck der Grundversorgung zu leistenden Distanzaufw{\"a}nde in verschiedenen Angebotssituationen analysiert werden. Als Fallstudie wurde ein Vergleich von zwei Situationen 1997 und 2004 vorgenommen. W{\"a}hrend dieses Zeitraums haben im Untersuchungsgebiet grundlegende Ver{\"a}nderungen der Einzelhandelsstruktur stattgefunden, die zu einem weitgehenden R{\"u}ckzug des Angebots aus den peripheren l{\"a}ndlichen Gebieten gef{\"u}hrt haben. Die Ergebnisse zeigteneine hohe {\"U}bereinstimmung mit den auf nationaler Ebene erhobenen Mobilit{\"a}tsdaten, ließen aber auch einen differenzierten Blick auf die unterschiedliche Betroffenheit der Einwohner der Region zu. An agentenbasierte Simulationen werden in den Sozialwissenschaften große Erwartungen gekn{\"u}pft, da sie erstmals erm{\"o}glichen, gesellschaftliche Ph{\"a}nomene auf der Ebene ihres Zustandekommens, dem Individuum, zu erfassen, sowie komplexe mentale Vorg{\"a}nge des Handelns, Lernens und Kommunizierens auf einfache Weise in ein Modell zu integrieren. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde im Bereich der Konsumentenforschung erstmals ein solcher Ansatz auf regionaler Ebene angewendet, um zu planungsrelevanten Aussagen zu gelangen. In Kombination mit anderen Anwendungen im Bereich der Bev{\"o}lkerungsprognose, des Verkehrs und der innerst{\"a}dtischen Migration haben Agentensimulationen alle Voraussetzungen zu einem zukunftsweisenden Paradigma f{\"u}r die Raum- und Fachplanung.},
  subject      = {Ume{\aa}},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-17070,
  title     = {Historische Erzlagerst{\"a}tten und Mineralienfundorte des Harzes},
  editor    = {Kleinschrot, Dorothee and Hanig, Kristina},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  organization    = {Mineralogisches Museum der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-100-6},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-101-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170700},
  publisher      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {x, 105},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Der Harz ist eine Mittelgebirgsregion, die in Deutschland und Mitteleuropa auf faszinierende Weise hervorsticht: Kaum eine andere deutsche Landschaft kann mit einer solchen Vielfalt an Gesteinen und Erzen aufwarten. Diese Besonderheit wurzelt tief in der geologischen Entstehung der Region. Ihrer Geschichte will nun der Katalog auf die Spur kommen - anhand von ausgew{\"a}hlten Exponaten einer einzigartigen Sammlung. Aufgebaut wurde die umfangreiche Sammlung von Peter C. Ruppert. Der Kunstsammler und W{\"u}rzburger Ehrenb{\"u}rger sammelte {\"u}ber Jahrzehnte hinweg außergew{\"o}hnliche Mineralien und Gesteine aus den historischen Erzlagerst{\"a}tten des Harzes. Seit Januar 2014 zeigt das Mineralogische Museum der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg die wertvollen Exponate - und widmet der Sammlung diesen Katalog.},
  subject      = {Erzlagerst{\"a}tte},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KleinOppeltKuenzer2021,
  author    = {Klein, Igor and Oppelt, Natascha and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Application of remote sensing data for locust research and management — a review},
  series = {Insects},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Insects},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2075-4450},
  doi       = {10.3390/insects12030233},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234090},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Recently, locust outbreaks around the world have destroyed agricultural and natural vegetation and caused massive damage endangering food security. Unusual heavy rainfalls in habitats of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and lack of monitoring due to political conflicts or inaccessibility of those habitats lead to massive desert locust outbreaks and swarms migrating over the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, India and Pakistan. At the same time, swarms of the Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) in some Central Asian countries and swarms of the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) in Russia and China destroyed crops despite developed and ongoing monitoring and control measurements. These recent events underline that the risk and damage caused by locust pests is as present as ever and affects 100 million of human lives despite technical progress in locust monitoring, prediction and control approaches. Remote sensing has become one of the most important data sources in locust management. Since the 1980s, remote sensing data and applications have accompanied many locust management activities and contributed to an improved and more effective control of locust outbreaks and plagues. Recently, open-access remote sensing data archives as well as progress in cloud computing provide unprecedented opportunity for remote sensing-based locust management and research. Additionally, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems bring up new prospects for a more effective and faster locust control. Nevertheless, the full capacity of available remote sensing applications and possibilities have not been exploited yet. This review paper provides a comprehensive and quantitative overview of international research articles focusing on remote sensing application for locust management and research. We reviewed 110 articles published over the last four decades, and categorized them into different aspects and main research topics to summarize achievements and gaps for further research and application development. The results reveal a strong focus on three species — the desert locust, the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), and the Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) — and corresponding regions of interest. There is still a lack of international studies for other pest species such as the Italian locust, the Moroccan locust, the Central American locust (Schistocerca piceifrons), the South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata), the brown locust (Locustana pardalina) and the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata). In terms of applied sensors, most studies utilized Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT), Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as well as Landsat data focusing mainly on vegetation monitoring or land cover mapping. Application of geomorphological metrics as well as radar-based soil moisture data is comparably rare despite previous acknowledgement of their importance for locust outbreaks. Despite great advance and usage of available remote sensing resources, we identify several gaps and potential for future research to further improve the understanding and capacities of the use of remote sensing in supporting locust outbreak- research and management.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Paetzold2020,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {P{\"a}tzold, Simon},
  title     = {Dachbegr{\"u}nung in W{\"u}rzburg: GIS-basierte Potentialanalyse als Planungsgrundlage im st{\"a}dtischen Begr{\"u}nungsinstrumentarium},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21067},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210674},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Nach aktuellem Stand der Forschung ist die Dachbegr{\"u}nung eine geeignete Klimaanpassungsmaßnahme, mit der die Folgen des rezenten Klimawandels in verdichteten und versiegelten Stadtgebieten abgeschw{\"a}cht werden k{\"o}nnen. Vor dem Hintergrund schrumpfender Fl{\"a}chenreserven und wachsender Fl{\"a}chenkonkurrenz k{\"o}nnen auf D{\"a}chern alternative Fl{\"a}chenressourcen zur Expansion urbanen Gr{\"u}ns erschlossen werden. Zudem besitzt diese Begr{\"u}nungsart vielf{\"a}ltige {\"o}kologische und {\"o}konomische Vorteile (K{\"u}hlwirkung, Biodiversit{\"a}t, Wasserr{\"u}ckhaltung, Geb{\"a}uded{\"a}mmung und -schutz). Mit Bebauungspl{\"a}nen und Innenbereichssatzungen sowie F{\"o}rderprogrammen und indirekter F{\"o}rderung (gesplittete Abwassergeb{\"u}hren) stehen den Kommunen harte und weiche Instrumente zur Verf{\"u}gung, um Geb{\"a}udeeigent{\"u}mer f{\"u}r Dachbegr{\"u}nungsmaßnahmen im Neubau, aber auch im Bestandsbau zu mobilisieren. F{\"u}r eine Aktivierung bereits bestehender Dachfl{\"a}chen eignet sich besonders die Extensivbegr{\"u}nung dank ihrer anspruchslosen Vegetation, des minimalen Pflegeaufwands sowie den geringeren statischen und formspezifischen Anforderungen an die Dachkonstruktion gegen{\"u}ber der Intensivbegr{\"u}nung. Auf Basis von Untersuchungen mit Fernerkundungsdaten und amtlichen Geodaten konnten f{\"u}r deutsche Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dte enorme Fl{\"a}chenpotentiale f{\"u}r die nachtr{\"a}gliche Dachbegr{\"u}nung festgestellt werden. Zur Stadt W{\"u}rzburg, in der als Hotspot des Klimawandels eine hohe Dringlichkeit f{\"u}r Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen besteht, lagen bis dato keine Daten zu diesem Potential vor. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Luftbilder, H{\"o}hendaten (LiDAR) und amtliche Geb{\"a}udeumriss-Daten in einem Geoinformationssystem (GIS) zu einer dreidimensionalen Dachlandschaft verarbeitet, hinsichtlich relevanter Begr{\"u}nungskriterien (Neigung, Homogenit{\"a}t, Gr{\"o}ße, Funktion) analysiert und in Form von Karten, Bildern und Statistiken ausgegeben. F{\"u}r das konkrete Untersuchungsgebiet der stadtklimatisch besonders kritischen Stadtbezirke Altstadt und Sanderau konnte eine empirische Grundlage zur Quantifizierung der Potentialfl{\"a}che geschaffen werden. Rund ein Drittel der {\"u}ber 5.000 untersuchten innerst{\"a}dtischen D{\"a}cher kommen mit einer Fl{\"a}che von {\"u}ber 300.000 m² f{\"u}r eine nachtr{\"a}gliche Begr{\"u}nung in Betracht. Zudem wurden Aussagen zur st{\"a}dtebaulichen Qualifizierung (Denkmalschutz) dieser Fl{\"a}chen getroffen und die Aktivierbarkeit mit dem einschl{\"a}gigen stadtplanerischem Begr{\"u}nungsinstrumentarium (F{\"o}rderprogramm, Satzung bzw. Bebauungsplan) bewertet. So konnten die f{\"u}r die Umsetzung der geeigneten Dachfl{\"a}chen n{\"o}tigen F{\"o}rderkosten auf Basis der geltenden F{\"o}rderrichtlinie approximiert werden. Zudem wurde unter Verwendung amtlicher Baustatistik und einschl{\"a}giger Bebauungspl{\"a}ne ein zeitlicher Horizont gesch{\"a}tzt, bis zu welchem sich Eigent{\"u}mer an die Vorgaben einer hypothetischen Dachbegr{\"u}nungssatzung anpassen w{\"u}rden. Die Arbeit bietet Anreize f{\"u}r die Methodik geoinformatischer Analysen sowie f{\"u}r st{\"a}dteplanerische Analyse- und Handlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten. Nat{\"u}rlich kann die fernerkundliche Messung keine bautechnische Begutachtung vor Ort ersetzen, sie kann aber im Vorfeld einen Eindruck der teils versteckten Fl{\"a}chenreserven kosteng{\"u}nstig und fl{\"a}chendeckend verschaffen und zudem die M{\"o}glichkeit darauf aufbauender Untersuchungen der {\"o}kologischen oder st{\"a}dtebaulichen Wirkung er{\"o}ffnen.},
  subject      = {Dachbegr{\"u}nung},
  language  = {de}
}