@book{Glasgow2018, author = {Glasgow, Rupert}, title = {Minimal Selfhood and the Origins of Consciousness}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-078-8 (Print)}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-079-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157470}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {260}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The aim of the book is to ground the logical origins of consciousness in what I have previously called the 'minimal self'. The idea is that elementary forms of consciousness are logically dependent not, as is commonly assumed, on ownership of an anatomical brain or nervous system, but on the intrinsic reflexivity that defines minimal selfhood. The book seeks to trace the logical pathway by which minimal selfhood gives rise to the possible appearance of consciousness. It is argued that in specific circumstances it thus makes sense to ascribe elementary consciousness to certain predatory single-celled organisms such as amoebae and dinoflagellates as well as to some of the simpler animals. Such an argument involves establishing exactly what those specific circumstances are and determining how elementary consciousness differs in nature and scope from its more complex manifestations.}, subject = {Selbst}, language = {en} } @misc{Wu2021, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Wu, Dong}, title = {Aspects of Gender in The Unofficial History of the Scholars}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-21920}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219202}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The present study focuses on Rulin waishi 儒林外史 (The Unofficial History of the Scholars), a well-known Qing novel, from the perspective of gender. It attempts to contribute to the discussion about Chinese masculinity by identifying the representation of the scholars' masculinity in Rulin waishi and offer a better understanding of the novel's position regarding femininity and women. This project shows that the novel nevertheless reflects rather than challenges gender ideologies of its time. The ideal manhood showed in the novel comprises real virtues and authentic learning. It goes against the traditional, orthodox Confucian masculinity which advocates that officialdom is the glorious path to fulfill a learned man's masculinity. It is mainly due to Wu Jingzi's own failure in the civil service examinations and official careers. Regarding the relation of masculinity and sexuality, the novel reveals that a masculine man is not tempted by female charm but can enjoy a harmonious and companionate marriage. Besides, scholars show great anxiety about their masculinity since they are in a marginal position in society. Their manliness is challenged by officials, merchants, and even commoners, as well as their colleagues. Through a careful examination of stories of Pinniang, Miss Lu, and Mrs. Wang, it reveals that the novel holds a conventional opinion on women although it criticizes widow suicide and shows an egalitarian husband-wife relationship. It praises Confucian womanly virtues, such as following and serving the husband, managing the household, and keeping chastity. Female sexuality is blamed as an evil temptation to lead men to go astray. Women's learning gains legitimacy when serving to fulfill domestic responsibilities. It carries the Confucian message that men should take the lead and maintain order in the household and reinforces the rightful patriarchy. In a word, rather than go ahead of its time, Rulin waishi holds a conservative attitude towards gender issues.}, language = {en} } @article{SummaKleinSchmidt2022, author = {Summa, Michela and Klein, Martin and Schmidt, Philipp}, title = {Introduction: Double Intentionality}, series = {Topoi}, volume = {41}, journal = {Topoi}, number = {1}, issn = {1572-8749}, doi = {10.1007/s11245-021-09786-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269865}, pages = {93-109}, year = {2022}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{HochmannGlattmann2023, author = {Hochmann-Glattmann, Amanda}, title = {Autonome technische (Pflege-)Systeme und die Menschenw{\"u}rde}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32997}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-329970}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Seit jeher {\"u}ben Roboter eine Faszination auf den Menschen aus. Es ist die {\"A}hnlichkeit zum Menschen, die technische Systeme, die mit einer h{\"o}heren Intelligenz ausgestattet sind, gleichermaßen faszinierend wie erschreckend erscheinen l{\"a}sst. Der Gedanke daran, technische Kreaturen zu erschaffen, die uns erhabenen menschlichen Wesen „das Wasser reichen" oder uns gar {\"u}bertreffen k{\"o}nnen, l{\"a}sst uns nicht mehr los. Die Erkenntnis von dem Nutzen, den uns derartige Wesen in allen denkbaren Bereichen bringen k{\"o}nnten, m{\"u}ndet jedoch sehr schnell in eine Skepsis im Hinblick auf eine Entm{\"u}ndigung und Entwertung des Menschen. Denn schon heute, obgleich die Forschung in vielen Bereichen noch in den Kinderschuhen steckt, geraten wir in zahlreichen Lebensbereichen in Kontakt mit technischen Systemen, die eine starke Wirkung auf uns aus{\"u}ben und viele grundlegende Fragen aufwerfen. Die Arbeit widmet sich der ethischen Dimension autonomer (Pflege-)Systeme und thematisiert zu diesem Zweck konkrete Anwendungsszenarien. Dabei geht es nicht um allgemeine ethische Fragen, sondern konkret um den Aspekt der Vereinbarkeit autonomer technischer Systeme mit der Menschenw{\"u}rde ihrer Nutzer. Auch der Gesichtspunkt des Einflusses von autonomen technischen Innovationen auf das Selbstverst{\"a}ndnis des Menschen (Menschenbild) ist Teil der Arbeit. Als Maßstab f{\"u}r moderne technische Entwicklungen dient der W{\"u}rdegrundsatz aufgrund seiner enormen Bedeutung f{\"u}r das Recht sowie f{\"u}r das zugrundeliegende und allgemeine Menschenbild. Im Rahmen einer an einem humanistischen Weltbild orientierten Gesellschaft steht die Menschenw{\"u}rde als oberster Wert, dem moralische und rechtliche Entwicklungen gerecht werden m{\"u}ssen, {\"u}ber allem. Daher gilt es, moderne Entwicklungen immer auch im Hinblick auf ihre Vereinbarkeit mit der Menschenw{\"u}rde zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen. So l{\"a}sst sich feststellen, ob ein Regulierungsbedarf besteht und wie Regulierungen im Einzelnen auszugestalten sind. Gleichzeitig muss aber auch die Menschenw{\"u}rde gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen gerecht werden. Demgem{\"a}ß wird sie vom Bundesverfassungsgericht als Grundsatz, der sich aktuellen Herausforderungen stellt und zur Erzwingung eines gesellschaftlichen Diskurses f{\"u}hrt, angesehen. Die hiesige Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zu der bereits angestoßenen gesellschaftlichen Debatte rund um den technischen Fortschritt und konkret um die Probleme, die mit der zunehmenden Autonomie technischer Systeme einhergehen, leisten.}, subject = {Robotik}, language = {de} } @article{Spano2022, author = {Spano, Nicola}, title = {Husserl's taxonomy of action}, series = {Husserl Studies}, volume = {38}, journal = {Husserl Studies}, number = {3}, issn = {0167-9848}, doi = {10.1007/s10743-022-09306-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324744}, pages = {251-271}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In the present article I discuss, in confrontation with the most recent studies on Husserl's phenomenology of acting and willing, the taxonomy of action that is collected in the volume 'Wille und Handlung' of the Husserliana edition Studien zur Struktur des Bewussteins. In so doing, I first present Husserl's universal characterization of action (Handlung) as a volitional process (willentlicher Vorgang). Then, after clarifying what it means for a process to have a character of volitionality (Willentlichkeit), I illustrate the various types of actions, which Husserl distinguishes as 'straightforward' (schlicht) or 'deciding' (entscheidend), 'primary' (prim{\"a}r) or 'secondary' (sekund{\"a}r), 'inner' (innere) or 'outer' ({\"a}ußere), 'immediate' (unmittelbar) or mediate (mittelbar), 'simple' (einfach) or 'compound' (zusammengesetzt). Finally, I consider Husserl's discussion of the direction and foundation of action.}, language = {en} } @article{Summa2023, author = {Summa, Michela}, title = {Phenomenological explanation: towards a methodological integration in phenomenological psychopathology}, series = {Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences}, number = {3}, issn = {1568-7759}, doi = {10.1007/s11097-022-09828-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324753}, pages = {719-741}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Whether, and in what sense, research in phenomenology and phenomenological psychopathology has—in addition to its descriptive and hermeneutic value—explanatory power is somewhat controversial. This paper shows why it is legitimate to recognize such explanatory power. To this end, the paper analyzes two central concerns underlying the debate about explanation in phenomenology: (a) the warning against reductionism, which is implicit in a conception of causal explanation exclusively based on models of natural/physical causation; and (b) the warning against top-down generalizations, which neglect the specificity of the individual. While acknowledging that these two caveats express serious concerns regarding the debate on explanatory models, I show that phenomenology has the resources to respond to them. These can be found in analyses of different types of causation relating to different regions of reality and in the structure of explanatory models based on exemplarity. On the basis of these analyses, I defend a pluralist account vis-{\`a}-vis explanatory models.}, language = {en} } @misc{Spano2022, author = {Spano, Nicola}, title = {Book Review: The Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology of Agency}, series = {Husserl Studies}, volume = {38}, journal = {Husserl Studies}, number = {2}, issn = {0167-9848}, doi = {10.1007/s10743-022-09303-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324731}, pages = {221-226}, year = {2022}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @book{SmithPasqualiniMachtEllgring2024, author = {Smith Pasqualini, Marcia and Macht, Michael and Ellgring, Heiner}, title = {Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for People with Parkinson's Disease and Caregivers : A Guide for Mental Health Professionals}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-226-3}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-227-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345196}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {xii, 344}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The need for mental health support within the Parkinson's disease (PD) community has never been greater, yet many practitioners lack the knowledge or experience to address the unique challenges associated with PD. This book serves as a practical guide for mental health professionals to assist individuals with PD and caregivers through the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, with the goal of enhancing their well-being and quality of life. The book includes a review of information about PD and mental health, and four structured group programs designed to address issues that are common in people with PD and caregivers: • Coping with stress and illness • Communicating about PD • Emotional expression in PD • Interventions for caregivers The programs presented in this book can be utilized as they are, personalized for individual use, or adapted for research protocols. Additionally, the information can serve as a valuable resource for people with PD and their family members, who can learn about PD and be introduced to evidence-based strategies that can be used conjointly with professionals to improve their experience of living with PD.}, subject = {Parkinson-Krankheit}, language = {en} } @article{ShumilovaLutoevIsaenkoetal.2018, author = {Shumilova, T. G. and Lutoev, V. P. and Isaenko, S. I. and Kovalchuk, N. S. and Makeev, B. A. and Lysiuk, A. Yu. and Zubov, A. A. and Ernstson, K.}, title = {Spectroscopic features of ultrahigh-pressure impact glasses of the Kara astrobleme}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-25037-z}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237983}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The state of substances under ultrahigh pressures and temperatures (UHPHT) now raises a special interest as a matter existing under extreme conditions and as potential new material. Under laboratory conditions only small amounts of micrometer-sized matter are produced at a pressure up to 100 GPa and at room temperature. Simultaneous combination of ultrahigh pressures and temperatures in a lab still requires serious technological effort. Here we describe the composition and structure of the UHPHT vein-like impact glass discovered by us in 2015 on the territory of the Kara astrobleme (Russia) and compare its properties with impact glass from the Ries crater (Germany). A complex of structural and spectroscopic methods presents unusual high pressure marks of structural elements in 8-fold co-ordination that had been described earlier neither in synthetic nor natural glasses. The Kara natural UHPHT glasses being about 70 Ma old have well preserved initial structure, presenting some heterogeneity as a result of partial liquation and crystallization differentiation where an amorphous component is proposed to originate from low level polymerization. Homogeneous parts of the UHPHT glasses can be used to deepened fundamental investigation of a substance under extreme PT conditions and to technological studies for novel material creations.}, language = {en} }