@phdthesis{Weirauch2017,
  author    = {Weirauch, Katja},
  title     = {Neue Herausforderungen an die professionellen Kompetenzen von Chemie-Lehrkr{\"a}ften durch die Implementation von Seminarf{\"a}chern},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151330},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Neuerungen in Bildungssystemen k{\"o}nnen nur erfolgreich sein, wenn sie planm{\"a}ßig implementiert werden. Maßgeblich ist hierf{\"u}r, dass die Lehrkr{\"a}fte {\"u}ber die entsprechenden professionellen Kompetenzen verf{\"u}gen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht diesen Zusammenhang am Beispiel der Implementation von Seminarf{\"a}chern im bayerischem Gymnasium. Es wird identifiziert, welche neuen Herausforderungen Chemie-Lehrkr{\"a}fte mit Einf{\"u}hrung der Wissenschaftsprop{\"a}deutischen (W-) und Projekt-Seminare (P-) bew{\"a}ltigen m{\"u}ssen. Aus Interviews mit Lehrkr{\"a}ften wurden per qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring die Anforderungen an das Professionswissen der Lehrkr{\"a}fte identifiziert. F{\"u}r die W-Seminare konnte dargestellt werden, dass eine erfolgreiche Wissenschaftsprop{\"a}deutik h{\"a}ufig an fehlendem Fachwissen der Lehrkr{\"a}fte zu Nature of Science Inquiry (NOSI) scheiterte. Analog fehlte den Lehrkr{\"a}ften in den P-Seminaren Fachwissen zu Projektmanagement, sodass sie dies weder umsetzten, noch erfolgreich vermitteln konnten. Um die Lehrkr{\"a}fte bei der Bew{\"a}ltigung der Herausforderungen zu unterst{\"u}tzen, wurden vielf{\"a}ltige M{\"o}glichkeiten der Kooperation von Seminarf{\"a}chern mit der Universit{\"a}t als externem Partner erprobt. Methodenwerkzeuge f{\"u}r eine systematische Wissenschaftsprop{\"a}deutik wurden entwickelt und im Rahmen von Lehrerfortbildungen weitergegeben. Weiterhin wurde ein Lehr-Lern-Labor „Analyseverfahren der Chemie" f{\"u}r W-Seminare konzipiert und wiederholt erfolgreich durchgef{\"u}hrt. Damit wurden Erkenntnisse der empirischen Studie in nachweislich praxistaugliche Konzepte umgesetzt, die die erfolgreiche Implementation der Seminarf{\"a}cher unterst{\"u}tzen k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Seminarfach},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Herz2015,
  author    = {Herz, Michaela},
  title     = {Molecular characterization of the serotonin and cAMP-signalling pathways in Echinococcus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-139249},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus respectively, are severe zoonotic diseases with limited treatment options. The sole curative treatment is the surgical removal of the complete parasite material. Due to late diagnosis, chemotherapeutic treatment often is the only treatment option. Treatment is based on benzimidazoles, which merely act parasitostatic and often display strong side effects. Therefore, new therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. Evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways are known to be involved in hostparasite cross-communication, parasite development and survival. Moreover, they represent potential targets for chemotherapeutic drugs. In this context the roles of the serotonin- and cAMP-signalling pathways in Echinococcus were studied. Genes encoding serotonin receptors, a serotonin transporter and enzymes involved in serotonin biosynthesis could be identified in the E. multilocularis and E. granulosus genomes indicating that these parasites are capable of synthesizing and perceiving serotonin signals. Also the influence of exogenous serotonin on parasite development was studied. Serotonin significantly increased metacestode vesicle formation from primary cells and re-differentiation of protoscoleces. Inhibition of serotonin transport with citalopram significantly reduced metacestode vesicle formation from primary cells and caused death of protoscoleces and metacestodes. Furthermore, it could be shown that serotonin increased phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates. Taken together, these results show that serotonin and serotonin transport are essential for Echinococcus development and survival. Consequently, components of the serotonin pathway represent potential drug targets. In this work the cAMP-signalling pathway was researched with focus on G-protein coupled receptors and adenylate cyclases. 76 G-protein coupled receptors, including members of all major families were identified in the E. multilocularis genome. Four genes homologous to adenylate cyclase IX were identified in the E. multilocularis genome and three in the E. granulosus genome. While glucagon caused no significant effects, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2', 5' didesoxyadenosine influenced metacestode vesicle formation from primary cells, re-differentiation of protoscoleces and survival of metacestodes. It was further shown that forskolin increases phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates, indicating that forskolin activates the cAMP-pathway also in cestodes. These results indicate that the cAMP signalling pathway plays an important role in Echinococcus development and survival. To complement this work, the influence of different media and additives on E. granulosus protoscoleces was investigated. Anaerobic conditions and the presence of FBS prolonged protoscolex survival while different media influenced protoscolex activation and development. Taken together, this work provided important insights into developmental processes in Echinococcus and potential drug targets for echinococcosis chemotherapy.},
  subject      = {Serotonin},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Werner2014,
  author    = {Werner, Katharina Julia},
  title     = {Adipose Tissue Engineering - In vitro Development of a subcutaneous fat layer and a vascularized adipose tissue construct utilizing extracellular matrix structures},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-104676},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Each year millions of plastic and reconstructive procedures are performed to regenerate soft tissue defects after, for example, traumata, deep burns or tumor resections. Tissue engineered adipose tissue grafts are a promising alternative to autologous fat transfer or synthetic implants to meet this demand for adipose tissue. Strategies of tissue engineering, especially the use of cell carriers, provide an environment for better cell survival, an easier positioning and supplemented with the appropriate conditions a faster vascularization in vivo. To successfully engineer an adipose tissue substitute for clinical use, it is crucial to know the actual intended application. In some areas, like the upper and lower extremities, only a thin subcutaneous fat layer is needed and in others, large volumes of vascularized fat grafts are more desirable. The use and interplay of stem cells and selected scaffolds were investigated and provide now a basis for the generation of fitted and suitable substitutes in two different application areas. Complex injuries of the upper and lower extremities, in many cases, lead to excessive scarring. Due to severe damage to the subcutaneous fat layer, a common sequela is adhesion formation to mobile structures like tendons, nerves, and blood vessels resulting in restricted motion and disabling pain [Moor 1996, McHugh 1997]. In order to generate a subcutaneous fat layer to cushion scarred tissue after substantial burns or injuries, different collagen matrices were tested for clinical handling and the ability to support adipogenesis. When testing five different collagen matrices, PermacolTM and StratticeTM showed promising characteristics; additionally both possess the clinical approval. Under culture conditions, only PermacolTM, a cross-linked collagen matrix, exhibited an excellent long-term stability. Ranking nearly on the same level was StratticeTM, a non-cross-linked dermal scaffold; it only exhibited a slight shrinkage. All other scaffolds tested were severely compromised in stability under culture conditions. Engineering a subcutaneous fat layer, a construct would be desirable with a thin layer of emerging fat for cushioning on one side, and a non-seeded other side for cell migration and host integration. With PermacolTM and StratticeTM, it was possible to produce constructs with ASC (adipose derived stem cells) seeded on one side, which could be adipogenically differentiated. Additionally, the thickness of the cell layer could be varied. Thereby, it becomes possible to adjust the thickness of the construct to the surrounding tissue. In order to reduce the pre-implantation time ex vivo and the costs, the culture time was varied by testing different induction protocols. An adipogenic induction period of only four days was demonstrated to be sufficient to obtain a substantial adipogenic differentiation of the applied ASC. Thus, seeded with ASC, PermacolTM and StratticeTM are suitable scaffolds to engineer subcutaneous fat layers for reconstruction of the upper and lower extremities, as they support adipogenesis and are appropriately thin, and therefore would not compromise the cosmesis. For the engineering of large-volume adipose tissue, adequate vascularization still represents a major challenge. With the objective to engineer vascularized fat pads, it is important to consider the slow kinetics of revascularization in vivo. Therefore, a decellularized porcine jejunum with pre-existing vascular structures and pedicles to connect to the host vasculature or the circulation of a bioreactor system was used. In a first step, the ability of a small decellularized jejunal section was tested for cell adhesion and for supporting adipogenic differentiation of hASC mono-cultures. Cell adhesion and adipogenic maturation of ASC seeded on the jejunal material was verified through histological and molecular analysis. After the successful mono-culture, the goal was to establish a MVEC (microvascular endothelial cells) and ASC co-culture; suitable culture conditions had to be found, which support the viability of both cell types and do not interfere with the adipogenic differentiation. After the elimination of EGF (epidermal growth factor) from the co-culture medium, substantial adipogenic maturation was observed. In the next step, a large jejunal segment (length 8 cm), with its pre-existing vascular structures and arterial/venous pedicles, was connected to the supply system of a custom-made bioreactor. After successful reseeding the vascular structure with endothelial cells, the lumen was seeded with ASC which were then adipogenically induced. Histological and molecular examinations confirmed adipogenic maturation and the existence of seeded vessels within the engineered construct. Noteworthily, a co-localization of adipogenically differentiating ASC and endothelial cells in vascular networks could be observed. So, for the first time a vascularized fat construct was developed in vitro, based on the use of a decellularized porcine jejunum. As this engineered construct can be connected to a supply system or even to a patient vasculature, it is versatile in use, for example, as transplant in plastic and reconstruction surgery, as model in basic research or as an in vitro drug testing system. To summarize, in this work a promising substitute for subcutaneous fat layer reconstruction, in the upper and lower extremities, was developed, and the first, as far as reported, in vitro generated adipose tissue construct with integrated vascular networks was successfully engineered.},
  subject      = {Tissue Engineering},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fetsch2014,
  author    = {Fetsch, Corinna},
  title     = {Polypeptoide - Synthese und Charakterisierung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-109157},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit befasste sich mit der bisher relativ unbekannten Polymerklasse der Polypeptoide, die hinsichtlich ihrer Verwendung als Biomaterial n{\"a}her untersucht werden sollte. Hierbei war die Untersuchung des Polymerisationssystems ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt. Dies beinhaltete zum einen die Synthesen verschiedener Monomere sowie deren Polymerisationskinetiken und zum anderen Studien {\"u}ber die Stabilit{\"a}t des aktiven Kettenendes. Um mehr {\"u}ber die Polypeptoide zu erfahren, wurden die erhaltenen Homopolymere nach der Strukturanalyse hinsichtlich ihrer physikochemischen Eigen-schaften untersucht. Im Anschluss erfolgte die Synthese von (amphiphilen) Blockco-polypeptoiden, die sich in w{\"a}ssrigen L{\"o}sungen zu definierten Morphologien zusammen-lagern. Die resultierenden Morphologien, sowohl mizellare als auch vesikul{\"a}re Strukturen, wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden, wie z. B. der Pyren-Fluoreszenz-Spektroskpie und der dynamischen Lichtstreuung, untersucht. Erste Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber die Biokompatibilit{\"a}t der Polypeptoide sollte die Bestimmung der Zellviabilit{\"a}t in verschiedenen Polymerl{\"o}sungen liefern. Die verschiedenen Studien {\"u}ber die Polypeptoide zeigten, dass diese Polymerklasse {\"u}ber eine besonders lebende Polymerisation synthetisiert werden kann. Dabei resultieren Produkte, die sich durch eine Poisson-Verteilung und eine hohe Endgruppengenauigkeit auszeichnen. Zus{\"a}tzlich bestehen Polypeptoide aus einem abbaubaren R{\"u}ckgrat und, im Vergleich zu den Polypeptiden, besitzen sie eine erh{\"o}hte proteolytische Stabilit{\"a}t. Amphiphile Blockcopolypeptoide sind zudem in der Lage, sich in L{\"o}sung zu verschiedenen Morphologien anzuordnen. Durch die Variierung der Seitenkette und des f kann sowohl die Selbstorganisation als auch das Mikroumfeld der Aggregate abgestimmt werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus k{\"o}nnen die amphiphile Blockcopolymere, die sich zu Mizellen anordnen, hydrophobe Substanzen solubilisieren. Polypeptoide liefern all die n{\"o}tige chemische Vielseitigkeit und potentielle Biokompatibilit{\"a}t, um bestehende sowie neuartige Probleme in biomedizinischen Anwendungen zu bew{\"a}ltigen. Zuk{\"u}nftige in vivo und in vitro Test werden das Potential, aber auch die Grenzen dieser neuen Polymerklasse als Biomaterial zeigen.},
  subject      = {Polymerisation},
  language  = {de}
}