@article{SherifInceManiucetal.2015,
  author    = {Sherif, Mohammad A. and Ince, H{\"u}seyin and Maniuc, Octavian and Reiter, Therese and Voelker, Wolfram and Ertl, Georg and {\"O}ner, Alper},
  title     = {Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for aortic annular sizing in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation},
  series = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {BMC Cardiovascular Disorders},
  number    = {181},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12872-015-0181-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136002},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: Accurate preoperative assessment of the aortic annulus dimension is crucial for successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In this study we examined the accuracy of a novel method using two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) for measurement of the aortic annulus. Methods: We evaluated the theoretical impact of the measurement of the annulus diameter and area using the circumcircle of a triangle method on the decision to perform the procedure and choice of the prosthesis size. Results: Sixty-three consecutive patients were scheduled for TAVI. Mean age was 82 +/- 4 years, and 25 patients (55.6 \%) were female. Mean aortic annulus diameter was 20.3 +/- 2.2 mm assessed by TEE on the mid-esophageal long-axis view and 23.9 +/- 2.3 mm using CT (p < 0.001). There was a tendency for the TEE derived areas using the new method to be higher (p < 0.001). The TEE measurements were on average 42.33 mm(2) higher than the CT measurements without an evidence of a systematic over-or under-sizing (p = 1.00). Agreement between TEE and CT chosen valve sizes was good overall (kappa = 0.67 and weighted kappa = 0.71). For patients who turned out to have no AR, the two methods agreed in 84.6 \% of patients. Conclusions: CT remanis the gold standard in sizing of the aortic valve annulus. Nevertheless, sizing of the aortic valve annulus using TEE derived area may be helpful. The impact of integration of this method in the algorithm of aortic annulus sizing on the outcome of patients undergoing TAVI should be examined in future studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrantzKlaiberBabaetal.2013,
  author    = {Frantz, Stefan and Klaiber, Michael and Baba, Hideo A. and Oberwinkler, Heinz and V{\"o}lker, Katharina and Gaßner, Birgit and Bayer, Barbara and Abeßer, Marco and Schuh, Kai and Feil, Robert and Hofmann, Franz and Kuhn, Michaela},
  title     = {Stress-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy in mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted inactivation of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase I},
  series = {European Heart Journal},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {European Heart Journal},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134693},
  pages     = {1233-1244},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Aims: Cardiac hypertrophy is a common and often lethal complication of arterial hypertension. Elevation of myocyte cyclic GMP levels by local actions of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) or by pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 was shown to counter-regulate pathological hypertrophy. It was suggested that cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) mediates this protective effect, although the role in vivo is under debate. Here, we investigated whether cGKI modulates myocyte growth and/or function in the intact organism. Methods and results: To circumvent the systemic phenotype associated with germline ablation of cGKI, we inactivated the murine cGKI gene selectively in cardiomyocytes by Cre/loxP-mediated recombination. Mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted cGKI deletion exhibited unaltered cardiac morphology and function under resting conditions. Also, cardiac hypertrophic and contractile responses to β-adrenoreceptor stimulation by isoprenaline (at 40 mg/kg/day during 1 week) were unaltered. However, angiotensin II (Ang II, at 1000 ng/kg/min for 2 weeks) or transverse aortic constriction (for 3 weeks) provoked dilated cardiomyopathy with marked deterioration of cardiac function. This was accompanied by diminished expression of the \([Ca^{2+}]_i\)-regulating proteins SERCA2a and phospholamban (PLB) and a reduction in PLB phosphorylation at Ser16, the specific target site for cGKI, resulting in altered myocyte \(Ca^{2+}_i\) homeostasis. In isolated adult myocytes, CNP, but not ANP, stimulated PLB phosphorylation, \(Ca^{2+}_i\)-handling, and contractility via cGKI. Conclusion: These results indicate that the loss of cGKI in cardiac myocytes compromises the hypertrophic program to pathological stimulation, rendering the heart more susceptible to dysfunction. In particular, cGKI mediates stimulatory effects of CNP on myocyte \(Ca^{2+}_i\) handling and contractility.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schober2016,
  author    = {Schober, Kilian},
  title     = {Der Einfluss von CLEC16A auf Autophagie - ein neuer Mechanismus in der Pathogenese von Typ-1-Diabetes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138715},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Das Gen CLEC16A ist mit der Autoimmunerkrankung Typ-1-Diabetes assoziiert. NOD-M{\"a}use mit einem Clec16a-KD sind vor der Entwicklung von Diabetes gesch{\"u}tzt, der entscheidende Wirkungsort f{\"u}r Clec16a sind dabei TECs. Im Rahmen zentraler Toleranz pr{\"a}sentieren TECs CD4+ Thymozyten Selbstantigene auf MHC II-Komplexen. Autophagie ist ein Zellprozess, der in TECs MHC II-Komplexen Selbstantigene zuf{\"u}hrt und so f{\"u}r die Entwicklung zentraler Toleranz essentiell ist. Das Ortholog von CLEC16A, ema, f{\"o}rdert die Bildung von Autophagosomen. So wurde vermutet, dass CLEC16A ein Suszeptibilit{\"a}tsgen f{\"u}r Typ-1-Diabetes ist, weil es Autophagie in TECs und somit deren MHC II-Beladung ver{\"a}ndert. Die vorliegende Arbeit schaltete CLEC16A in einer humanen Zelllinie durch RNAi aus und untersuchte die autophagische Aktivit{\"a}t dieser Zellen. Außerdem untersuchte sie die Autophagie von TECs aus NOD-Clec16a-KD-M{\"a}usen. Die Beurteilung erfolgte morphologisch durch Immunzytochemie bzw. -histochemie und funktionell durch Immunoblots. Es wurde gezeigt, dass der KD von CLEC16A in vitro und in vivo Autophagie funktionell beeintr{\"a}chtigt. Damit liefert die vorliegende Arbeit zusammen mit den Ergebnissen der Arbeitsgruppe Kissler einen m{\"o}glichen Erkl{\"a}rungsansatz, warum CLEC16A ein mit Typ-1-Diabetes assoziiertes Gen ist. CLEC16A f{\"o}rdert Autophagie in TECs, was die Selbstantigen-Beladung von MHC II-Komplexen ver{\"a}ndert. Selbstreaktive CD4+ Thymozyten f{\"u}hren so zum Verlust zentraler Toleranz und der Entwicklung von Typ-1-Diabetes. Weitere Untersuchungen sind jedoch notwendig, um diese Hypothese zu bekr{\"a}ftigen.},
  subject      = {Thymus},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MontesCobosLiFischeretal.2015,
  author    = {Montes-Cobos, Elena and Li, Xiao and Fischer, Henrike J. and Sasse, Andr{\´e} and K{\"u}gler, Sebastian and Didi{\´e}, Michael and Toischer, Karl and Fassnacht, Martin and Dressel, Ralf and Reichardt, Holger M.},
  title     = {Inducible Knock-Down of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Mice Disturbs Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Attenuates Heart Failure Induced by Pressure Overload},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0143954},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137575},
  pages     = {e0143954},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inactivation in mice results in early postnatal lethality. Therefore we generated mice in which MR expression can be silenced during adulthood by administration of doxycycline (Dox). Using a lentiviral approach, we obtained two lines of transgenic mice harboring a construct that allows for regulatable MR inactivation by RNAi and concomitant expression of eGFP. MR mRNA levels in heart and kidney of inducible MR knock-down mice were unaltered in the absence of Dox, confirming the tightness of the system. In contrast, two weeks after Dox administration MR expression was significantly diminished in a variety of tissues. In the kidney, this resulted in lower mRNA levels of selected target genes, which was accompanied by strongly increased serum aldosterone and plasma renin levels as well as by elevated sodium excretion. In the healthy heart, gene expression and the amount of collagen were unchanged despite MR levels being significantly reduced. After transverse aortic constriction, however, cardiac hypertrophy and progressive heart failure were attenuated by MR silencing, fibrosis was unaffected and mRNA levels of a subset of genes reduced. Taken together, we believe that this mouse model is a useful tool to investigate the role of the MR in pathophysiological processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhaoYuHuetal.2015,
  author    = {Zhao, De-Wei and Yu, Mang and Hu, Kai and Wang, Wei and Yang, Lei and Wang, Ben-Jie and Gao, Xiao-Hong and Guo, Yong-Ming and Xu, Yong-Qing and Wei, Yu-Shan and Tian, Si-Miao and Yang, Fan and Wang, Nan and Huang, Shi-Bo and Xie, Hui and Wei, Xiao-Wei and Jiang, Hai-Shen and Zang, Yu-Qiang and Ai, Jun and Chen, Yuan-Liang and Lei, Guang-Hua and Li, Yu-Jin and Tian, Geng and Li, Zong-Sheng and Cao, Yong and Ma, Li},
  title     = {Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey},
  series = {Chinese Medical Journal},
  volume    = {128},
  journal   = {Chinese Medical Journal},
  number    = {21},
  doi       = {10.4103/0366-6999.168017},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138482},
  pages     = {2843-2850},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods: A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH. Results: NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725\%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02\% vs. 0.51\%, \(\chi^2\) = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85\% vs. 0.61\%, \(\chi^2\) = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gabor2017,
  author    = {Gabor, Sabine},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}klinische Evaluation von Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitoren als PET-Tracer f{\"u}r die Differentialdiagnostik des prim{\"a}ren Hyperaldosteronismus mit besonderem Fokus auf Cyanofluorphenylpyridinen und deren Derivate},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137096},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich festhalten, dass in dieser Arbeit 15 neu entwickelte Substanzen zur selektiven und hochaffinen Blockade der Aldosteronsynthase untersucht werden konnten. Es wurden mehrere neue aufeinander aufbauende Testsysteme etabliert, um die neuen Substanzen auf ihre Selektivit{\"a}t und Affinit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber der Aldosteronsynthase zu untersuchen. Eine Testung der Inhibition der humanen Aldosteronsynthase und der 11β-Hydroxylase zuerst in getrennten Zellkulturans{\"a}tzen, die die humanen Enzyme stabil exprimieren, und anschließend in der NCI-h295 Zelllinie, die beide Enzyme und zus{\"a}tzlich die meisten anderen Enzyme der Steroidbiosynthese stabil exprimieren, ist eine gute Voraussetzung, um selektive und hochaffine Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitoren zu finden. Hier konnten sechs Inhibitoren ausgew{\"a}hlt werden, die hochaffin und selektiv an die Aldosteronsynthase binden und diese inhibieren. Die weitere Testung der [18F] markierten Substanzen zeigte f{\"u}r eine Substanz eine hochaffine und selektive Bindung an humanes adrenales Gewebe und keine unspezifische Bindung an andere humane Gewebe. Hier liegt die Voraussetzung vor, den Tracer weiteren in vivo Studien zuzuf{\"u}hren, um am humanisierten Mausmodell zu untersuchen, ob eine Bindung in vivo entsprechend den vielversprechenden Ergebnissen in vitro abl{\"a}uft. Auch die ex vivo Studie an Nebennieren einer gegen{\"u}ber der CYP11B2 humanisierten Maus bekr{\"a}ftigte diese Ergebnisse. Mit Hilfe dieser Untersuchungsmethoden lassen sich in Zukunft noch weiter entwickelte Substanzen umfangreich auf ihre Selektivit{\"a}t, Spezifit{\"a}t und Affinit{\"a}t testen. Dies dient als Grundlage f{\"u}r weitere Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung eines PET-Tracers f{\"u}r die Differentialdiagnostik bei prim{\"a}rem Hyperaldosteronismus. Eine Erkrankung, die h{\"a}ufiger ist als vermutet, und bei der die Differentialdiagnostik die entscheidende Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Einleitung einer Therapie ist, die sich entweder operativ oder medikament{\"o}s darstellt. Bisherige differentialdiagnostische Vorgehensweisen beim prim{\"a}ren Hyperaldosteronismus bieten aktuell keine zufriedenstellenden Ergebnisse; dies kann sich mit der Einf{\"u}hrung eines neuen PET Tracers {\"a}ndern.},
  subject      = {Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitor},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KasangKalluvyaMajingeetal.2011,
  author    = {Kasang, Christa and Kalluvya, Samuel and Majinge, Charles and Stich, August and Bodem, Jochen and Kongola, Gilbert and Jacobs, Graeme B. and Mlewa, Mathias and Mildner, Miriam and Hensel, Irina and Horn, Anne and Preiser, Wolfgang and van Zyl, Gert and Klinker, Hartwig and Koutsilieri, Eleni and Rethwilm, Axel and Scheller, Carsten and Weissbrich, Benedikt},
  title     = {HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) in Antiretroviral Therapy-Na{\"i}ve Patients in Tanzania Not Eligible for WHO Threshold HIVDR Survey Is Dramatically High},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0023091},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137988},
  pages     = {e23091},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended guidelines for a HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) survey for resource-limited countries. Eligibility criteria for patients include age below 25 years in order to focus on the prevalence of transmitted HIVDR (tHIVDR) in newly-infected individuals. Most of the participating sites across Africa have so far reported tHIVDR prevalences of below 5\%. In this study we investigated whether the rate of HIVDR in patients <25 years is representative for HIVDR in the rest of the therapy-na{\"i}ve population. Methods and Findings HIVDR was determined in 88 sequentially enrolled ART-na{\"i}ve patients from Mwanza, Tanzania (mean age 35.4 years). Twenty patients were aged <25 years and 68 patients were aged 25-63 years. The frequency of HIVDR in the study population was 14.8\% (95\%; CI 0.072-0.223) and independent of NVP-resistance induced by prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. Patients >25 years had a significantly higher HIVDR frequency than younger patients (19.1\%; 95\% CI 0.095-0.28) versus 0\%, P = 0.0344). In 2 out of the 16 patients with HIVDR we found traces of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in plasma. Conclusions ART-na{\"i}ve patients aged over 25 years exhibited significantly higher HIVDR than younger patients. Detection of traces of ARVs in individuals with HIVDR suggests that besides transmission, undisclosed misuse of ARVs may constitute a significant factor in the generation of the observed high HIVDR rate. The current WHO tHIVDR survey that is solely focused on the transmission of HIVDR and that excludes patients over 25 years of age may therefore result in substantial underestimation of the prevalence of HIVDR in the therapy-na{\"i}ve population. Similar studies should be performed also in other areas to test whether the so far reported optimistic picture of low HIVDR prevalence in young individuals is really representative for the rest of the ART-na{\"i}ve HIV-infected population.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lang2016,
  author    = {Lang, Mirjam},
  title     = {Diffusionsmessung mittels Rebreathing},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132750},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r die Messung der Diffusionskapazit{\"a}t der Lunge f{\"u}r Kohlenmonoxid (Transferfak-tor) stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verf{\"u}gung. Die Messwerte f{\"u}r den Transferfak-tor unterscheiden sich nicht nur je nach dem angewandten Verfahren, sondern auch in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der technischen Ausr{\"u}stung und den Eigenheiten der Methodik. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein neu eingef{\"u}hrtes Rebreath-Ger{\"a}t, das die Diffusionskapazit{\"a}t nach der von Stam (Stam et al. 1998) entwickelten Methode misst, in der klinischen Praxis zu testen. Die Messwerte sollten mit den Messungen nach dem Steady-State-Verfahren, das sich im Lungenfunktionslabor der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik I der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg bew{\"a}hrt hatte, in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Durch ad{\"a}quate Korrektur der Rebreath-Messwerte sollte eine m{\"o}glichst gute {\"U}bereinstimmung der kor-respondierenden Messwerte erzielt werden. Bei den untersuchten Patientenkollektiven handelte es sich um lungengesunde Proban-den und um Patienten mit obstruktiven bzw. restriktiven Lungenerkrankungen. Bei allen Kollektiven wurden Diffusionskapazit{\"a}tsmessungen nach beiden Verfahren durchge-f{\"u}hrt und parallel dazu auch spirometrische und bodyplethysmografische Untersuchun-gen vorgenommen. Die Auswertung der Messdaten umfasste zun{\"a}chst eine univariate Analyse zur Ermittlung von diagnostischen und demografischen Einflussgr{\"o}ßen (Pr{\"a}-diktoren) auf die Messwerte der beiden Verfahren und auf die Bodyplethysmographie. Anschließend wurden schrittweise mittels multipler linearer Regression aus den ver-schiedenen Einflussgr{\"o}ßen prim{\"a}re Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r die Messungen mit den beiden Ver-fahren ermittelt. Schließlich wurde eine Sch{\"a}tzformel abgeleitet, die unter der Ber{\"u}ck-sichtigung der wichtigsten Pr{\"a}diktoren die optimale N{\"a}herung der Rebreath-Messwerte an die korrespondierenden Steady-State-Messwerte erlaubte. Mit beiden Verfahren wurden f{\"u}r die Patienten niedrigere Werte der Diffusionskapazi-t{\"a}t ermittelt als f{\"u}r gesunde Probanden, mit den niedrigsten Werten bei Patienten mit restriktiver Lungenerkrankung. F{\"u}r obstruktiv Erkrankte fanden sich die h{\"o}chsten Alve-olarvolumina und entsprechend die niedrigsten Werte f{\"u}r den Krogh-Faktor. Mit beiden Verfahren konnte eine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Messwerte f{\"u}r den Transferfaktor von Ge-schlecht und Alter festgestellt werden. Als prim{\"a}rer Pr{\"a}diktor galt allerdings in beiden F{\"a}llen die Diagnose. Bemerkenswert ist der starke Einfluss des BMI auf einige der ge-messenen Parameter (TLCOkorr, Krogh-Faktor, DLCO\%), was eine st{\"a}rkere Ber{\"u}ck-sichtigung des BMI als pr{\"a}diktiven Faktor nahe legt. Die Korrelation zwischen den Messwerten aus den beiden Verfahren war m{\"a}ßig. Das Steady-State-Ger{\"a}t maß den Transferfaktor signifikant und wesentlich h{\"o}her als das Rebreath-Ger{\"a}t. Die schw{\"a}chste Korrelation fand sich unter allen untersuchten Parame-tern f{\"u}r die Prozentwerte vom Soll TLCO\% und DLCO\%. Die Abweichung der korres-pondierenden Messwerte unterschied sich zudem je nach Diagnose, Alter und H{\"o}he des Messwerts. Die Spirometrie und Bodyplethysmografie zeigte die zu erwartenden geschlechts-, al-ters- und diagnosespezifischen Charakteristika, wobei nahezu alle bodyplethysmografi-schen Parameter prim{\"a}r mit der Diagnose und nur sekund{\"a}r mit demografischen Fakto-ren korrelierten. Die Einsekundenkapazit{\"a}t FEV1 erwies sich als ein wichtiger Pr{\"a}diktor f{\"u}r die Steady-State-Diffusionskapazit{\"a}t und als geeignet, um die Rebreath-Messwerte der Zielsetzung entsprechend zu korrigieren. Sowohl f{\"u}r die Absolut- als auch f{\"u}r Rela-tivwerte der Diffusionskapazit{\"a}t konnte eine Sch{\"a}tzformel abgeleitet werden, welche die optimale N{\"a}herung der Rebreath-Werte an die entsprechenden Steady-State-Werte erm{\"o}glichte. Die bessere N{\"a}herung gelang f{\"u}r die Absolutwerte des Transferfaktors.},
  subject      = {Rebreathing},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KistlerSiwyFranketal.2011,
  author    = {Kistler, Andreas D. and Siwy, Justyna and Frank, Breunig and Jeevaratnam, Praveen and Scherl, Alexander and Mullen, William and Warnock, David G. and Wanner, Christoph and Hughes, Derralynn A. and Mischak, Harald and W{\"u}thrich, Rudolf P. and Serra, Andreas L.},
  title     = {A Distinct Urinary Biomarker Pattern Characteristic of Female Fabry Patients That Mirrors Response to Enzyme Replacement Therapy},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0020534},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133526},
  pages     = {e20534},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Female patients affected by Fabry disease, an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, exhibit a wide spectrum of symptoms, which renders diagnosis, and treatment decisions challenging. No diagnostic test, other than sequencing of the alpha-galactosidase A gene, is available and no biomarker has been proven useful to screen for the disease, predict disease course and monitor response to enzyme replacement therapy. Here, we used urine proteomic analysis based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry and identified a biomarker profile in adult female Fabry patients. Urine samples were taken from 35 treatment-naive female Fabry patients and were compared to 89 age-matched healthy controls. We found a diagnostic biomarker pattern that exhibited 88.2\% sensitivity and 97.8\% specificity when tested in an independent validation cohort consisting of 17 treatment-naive Fabry patients and 45 controls. The model remained highly specific when applied to additional control patients with a variety of other renal, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Several of the 64 identified diagnostic biomarkers showed correlations with measures of disease severity. Notably, most biomarkers responded to enzyme replacement therapy, and 8 of 11 treated patients scored negative for Fabry disease in the diagnostic model. In conclusion, we defined a urinary biomarker model that seems to be of diagnostic use for Fabry disease in female patients and may be used to monitor response to enzyme replacement therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirylukYifuSannaCherchietal.2012,
  author    = {Kiryluk, Krzysztof and Yifu, Li and Sanna-Cherchi, Simone and Rohanizadegan, Mersedeh and Suzuki, Hitoshi and Eitner, Frank and Snyder, Holly J. and Choi, Murim and Hou, Ping and Scolari, Francesco and Izzi, Claudia and Gigante, Maddalena and Gesualdo, Loreto and Savoldi, Silvana and Amoroso, Antonio and Cusi, Daniele and Zamboli, Pasquale and Julian, Bruce A. and Novak, Jan and Wyatt, Robert J. and Mucha, Krzysztof and Perola, Markus and Kristiansson, Kati and Viktorin, Alexander and Magnusson, Patrik K. and Thorleifsson, Gudmar and Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur and Stefansson, Kari and Boland, Anne and Metzger, Marie and Thibaudin, Lise and Wanner, Christoph and Jager, Kitty J. and Goto, Shin and Maixnerova, Dita and Karnib, Hussein H. and Nagy, Judit and Panzer, Ulf and Xie, Jingyuan and Chen, Nan and Tesar, Vladimir and Narita, Ichiei and Berthoux, Francois and Floege, J{\"u}rgen and Stengel, Benedicte and Zhang, Hong and Lifton, Richard P. and Gharavi, Ali G.},
  title     = {Geographic Differences in Genetic Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy: GWAS Replication Study and Geospatial Risk Analysis},
  series = {PLoS Genetics},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS Genetics},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1002765},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130195},
  pages     = {e1002765},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {IgA nephropathy (IgAN), major cause of kidney failure worldwide, is common in Asians, moderately prevalent in Europeans, and rare in Africans. It is not known if these differences represent variation in genes, environment, or ascertainment. In a recent GWAS, we localized five IgAN susceptibility loci on Chr.6p21 (HLA-DQB1/DRB1, PSMB9/TAP1, and DPA1/DPB2 loci), Chr.1q32 (CFHR3/R1 locus), and Chr.22q12 (HORMAD2 locus). These IgAN loci are associated with risk of other immune-mediated disorders such as type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or inflammatory bowel disease. We tested association of these loci in eight new independent cohorts of Asian, European, and African-American ancestry (N = 4,789), followed by meta-analysis with risk-score modeling in 12 cohorts (N = 10,755) and geospatial analysis in 85 world populations. Four susceptibility loci robustly replicated and all five loci were genome-wide significant in the combined cohort (P = 5x10\(^{-32}\) 3x10\(^{-10}\), with heterogeneity detected only at the PSMB9/TAP1 locus (I\(^{-2}\) = 0.60). Conditional analyses identified two new independent risk alleles within the HLA-DQB1/DRB1 locus, defining multiple risk and protective haplotypes within this interval. We also detected a significant genetic interaction, whereby the odds ratio for the HORMAD2 protective allele was reversed in homozygotes for a CFHR3/R1 deletion (P = 2.5x10\(^{-4}\)). A seven-SNP genetic risk score, which explained 4.7\% of overall IgAN risk, increased sharply with Eastward and Northward distance from Africa (r = 0.30, P = 3x10\(^{-128}\)). This model paralleled the known East-West gradient in disease risk. Moreover, the prediction of a South-North axis was confirmed by registry data showing that the prevalence of IgAN-attributable kidney failure is increased in Northern Europe, similar to multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes. Variation at IgAN susceptibility loci correlates with differences in disease prevalence among world populations. These findings inform genetic, biological, and epidemiological investigations of IgAN and permit cross-comparison with other complex traits that share genetic risk loci and geographic patterns with IgAN.},
  language  = {en}
}