@article{JakubietzSchmidtHolzapfeletal.2020,
  author    = {Jakubietz, Rafael G. and Schmidt, Karsten and Holzapfel, Boris M. and Meffert, Rainer H. and Jakubietz, Michael G.},
  title     = {Pedicled perforator flaps for mid-tibial soft tissue reconstruction in medically compromised patients},
  series = {JPRAS Open},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {JPRAS Open},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpra.2020.02.002},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229473},
  pages     = {47-55},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: The soft tissue of the central pretibial area is difficult to reconstruct often requiring free tissue transfer. Especially medi- cally compromised patients are not ideal candidates for free tissue transfer and may benefit from expeditiously harvested local flaps with limited donor site morbidity. As muscle flaps are rare, pedi- cled flaps based on lateral perforators represent an alternative as the arc of rotation can often be limited to 90 °. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient data was conducted to identify patients over the age of 60 years with comor- bidities that underwent pretibial soft tissue reconstruction with a single-pedicle perforator flap. Patient demographics, size and cause of the defect, flap dimension, arc of rotation and complications were recorded. Results: Five patients with an average age of 71.4 years were in- cluded. The arc of rotation was 69 °, all flaps healed. There were two recurrences of osteomyelitis. Conclusion: Lateral perforators originating from the anterior tib- ial artery or peroneal artery are adequate source vessels for single pedicled perforator flaps even in medically compromised patients. A perforator located proximal to the defect allows limiting the arcof rotation to less than 90 °, which increases the safety of the flap. Patients benefit from a simple procedure without a microvascular anastomosis and a donor site confined to one extremity},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Palmisano2022,
  author    = {Palmisano, Chiara},
  title     = {Supraspinal Locomotor Network Derangements: A Multimodal Approach},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-26644},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266442},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Parkinson's Disease (PD) constitutes a major healthcare burden in Europe. Accounting for aging alone, ~700,000 PD cases are predicted by 2040. This represents an approximately 56\% increase in the PD population between 2005 and 2040, with a consequent rise in annual disease-related medical costs. Gait and balance disorders are a major problem for patients with PD and their caregivers, mainly because to their correlation with falls. Falls occur as a result of a complex interaction of risk factors. Among them, Freezing of Gait (FoG) is a peculiar gait derangement characterized by a sudden and episodic inability to produce effective stepping, causing falls, mobility restrictions, poor quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Between 50-70\% of PD patients have FoG and/or falls after a disease duration of 10 years, only partially and inconsistently improved by dopaminergic treatment and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Treatment-induced worsening has been also observed under certain conditions. Effective treatments for gait disturbances in PD are lacking, probably because of the still poor understanding of the supraspinal locomotor network. In my thesis, I wanted to expand our knowledge of the supraspinal locomotor network and in particular the contribution of the basal ganglia to the control of locomotion. I believe this is a key step towards new preventive and personalized therapies for postural and gait problems in patients with PD and related disorders. In addition to patients with PD, my studies also included people affected by Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). PSP is a rare primary progressive parkinsonism characterized at a very early disease stage by poor balance control and frequent backwards falls, thus providing an in vivo model of dysfunctional locomotor control. I focused my attention on one of the most common motor transitions in daily living, the initiation of gait (GI). GI is an interesting motor task and a relevant paradigm to address balance and gait impairments in patients with movement disorders, as it is associated with FoG and high risk of falls. It combines a preparatory (i.e., the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments [APA]) and execution phase (the stepping) and allows the study of movement scaling and timing as an expression of muscular synergies, which follow precise and online feedback information processing and integration into established feedforward patterns of motor control. By applying a multimodal approach that combines biomechanical assessments and neuroimaging investigations, my work unveiled the fundamental contribution of striatal dopamine to GI in patients with PD. Results in patients with PSP further supported the fundamental role of the striatum in GI execution, revealing correlations between the metabolic intake of the left caudate nucleus with diverse GI measurements. This study also unveiled the interplay of additional brain areas in the motor control of GI, namely the Thalamus, the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), and the Cingulate cortex. Involvement of cortical areas was also suggested by the analysis of GI in patients with PD and FoG. Indeed, I found major alterations in the preparatory phase of GI in these patients, possibly resulting from FoG-related deficits of the SMA. Alterations of the weight shifting preceding the stepping phase were also particularly important in PD patients with FoG, thus suggesting specific difficulties in the integration of somatosensory information at a cortical level. Of note, all patients with PD showed preserved movement timing of GI, possibly suggesting preserved and compensatory activity of the cerebellum. Postural abnormalities (i.e., increased trunk and thigh flexion) showed no relationship with GI, ruling out an adaptation of the motor pattern to the altered postural condition. In a group of PD patients implanted with DBS, I further explored the pathophysiological functioning of the locomotor network by analysing the timely activity of the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) during static and dynamic balance control (i.e., standing and walking). For this study, I used novel DBS devices capable of delivering stimulation and simultaneously recording Local Field Potentials (LFP) of the implanted nucleus months and years after surgery. I showed a gait-related frequency shift in the STN activity of PD patients, possibly conveying cortical (feedforward) and cerebellar (feedback) information to mesencephalic locomotor areas. Based on this result, I identified for each patient a Maximally Informative Frequency (MIF) whose power changes can reliably classify standing and walking conditions. The MIF is a promising input signal for new DBS devices that can monitor LFP power modulations to timely adjust the stimulation delivery based on the ongoing motor task (e.g., gait) performed by the patient (adaptive DBS). Altogether my achievements allowed to define the role of different cortical and subcortical brain areas in locomotor control, paving the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiological dynamics of the supraspinal locomotor network and the development of tailored therapies for gait disturbances and falls prevention in PD and related disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BachmannEhlertBeckeretal.2020,
  author    = {Bachmann, Julia and Ehlert, Elias and Becker, Matthias and Otto, Christoph and Radeloff, Katrin and Blunk, Torsten and Bauer-Kreisel, Petra},
  title     = {Ischemia-like stress conditions stimulate trophic activities of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells},
  series = {Cells},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Cells},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {2073-4409},
  doi       = {10.3390/cells9091935},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211233},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to exert regenerative functions, which are mainly attributed to the secretion of trophic factors. Upon transplantation, ASCs are facing an ischemic environment characterized by oxygen and nutrient deprivation. However, current knowledge on the secretion capacity of ASCs under such conditions is limited. Thus, the present study focused on the secretory function of ASCs under glucose and oxygen deprivation as major components of ischemia. After exposure to glucose/oxygen deprivation, ASCs maintained distinct viability, but the metabolic activity was greatly reduced by glucose limitation. ASCs were able to secrete a broad panel of factors under glucose/oxygen deprivation as revealed by a cytokine antibody array. Quantification of selected factors by ELISA demonstrated that glucose deprivation in combination with hypoxia led to markedly higher secretion levels of the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors IL-6, VEGF, and stanniocalcin-1 as compared to the hypoxic condition alone. A conditioned medium of glucose/oxygen-deprived ASCs promoted the viability and tube formation of endothelial cells, and the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that ASCs are stimulated by ischemia-like stress conditions to secrete trophic factors and would be able to exert their beneficial function in an ischemic environment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NoseNogamiKoshinoetal.2021,
  author    = {Nose, Naoko and Nogami, Suguru and Koshino, Kazuhiro and Chen, Xinyu and Werner, Rudolf A. and Kashima, Soki and Rowe, Steven P. and Lapa, Constantin and Fukuchi, Kazuki and Higuchi, Takahiro},
  title     = {[18F]FDG-labelled stem cell PET imaging in different route of administrations and multiple animal species},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-021-90383-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260590},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Stem cell therapy holds great promise for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment, although its efficacy is still inconclusive and requires further understanding and optimization of the procedures. Non-invasive cell tracking can provide an important opportunity to monitor in vivo cell distribution in living subjects. Here, using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and in vitro 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) direct cell labelling, the feasibility of engrafted stem cell monitoring was tested in multiple animal species. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were incubated with phosphate-buffered saline containing [18F]FDG for in vitro cell radiolabelling. The pre-labelled MSCs were administrated via peripheral vein in a mouse (n=1), rats (n=4), rabbits (n=4) and non-human primates (n=3), via carotid artery in rats (n=4) and non-human primates (n=3), and via intra-myocardial injection in rats (n=5). PET imaging was started 10 min after cell administration using a dedicated small animal PET system for a mouse and rats. A clinical PET system was used for the imaging of rabbits and non-human primates. After MSC administration via peripheral vein, PET imaging revealed intense radiotracer signal from the lung in all tested animal species including mouse, rat, rabbit, and non-human primate, suggesting administrated MSCs were trapped in the lung tissue. Furthermore, the distribution of the PET signal significantly differed based on the route of cell administration. Administration via carotid artery showed the highest activity in the head, and intra-myocardial injection increased signal from the heart. In vitro [18F]FDG MSC pre-labelling for PET imaging is feasible and allows non-invasive visualization of initial cell distribution after different routes of cell administration in multiple animal models. Those results highlight the potential use of that imaging approach for the understanding and optimization of stem cell therapy in translational research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReiterWeissWeberetal.2022,
  author    = {Reiter, Theresa and Weiss, Ingo and Weber, Oliver M. and Bauer, Wolfgang R.},
  title     = {Signal voids of active cardiac implants at 3.0 T CMR},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-09690-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300502},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Recent technical advancements allow cardiac MRI (CMR) examinations in the presence of so-called MRI conditional active cardiac implants at 3.0 T. However, the artifact burden caused by susceptibility effects remain an obstacle. All measurements were obtained at a clinical 3.0 T scanner using an in-house designed cubic phantom and optimized sequences for artifact evaluation (3D gradient echo sequence, multi-slice 2D turbo spin echo sequence). Reference sequences according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) were additionally applied. Four representative active cardiac devices and a generic setup were analyzed regarding volume and shape of the signal void. For analysis, a threshold operation was applied to the grey value profile of each data set. The presented approach allows the evaluation of the signal void and shape even for larger implants such as ICDs. The void shape is influenced by the orientation of the B0-field and by the chosen sequence type. The distribution of ferromagnetic material within the implants also matters. The void volume depends both on the device itself, and on the sequence type. Disturbances in the B0 and B1 fields exceed the visual signal void. This work presents a reproducible and highly defined approach to characterize both signal void artifacts at 3.0 T and their influencing factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LuedemannJakuscheitEwaldetal.2021,
  author    = {L{\"u}demann, Martin and Jakuscheit, Axel and Ewald, Andrea and Fr{\"u}hmann, Leena and H{\"o}lscher-Doht, Stefanie and Rudert, Maximilian and von Hertzberg-Boelch, Sebastian Philipp},
  title     = {Influence of Tranexamic Acid on Elution Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA-Bone Cement with Gentamicin},
  series = {Materials},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Materials},
  number    = {19},
  issn      = {1996-1944},
  doi       = {10.3390/ma14195639},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246236},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose: The topical application of tranexamic acid (TXA) into the joint space during total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with no increase of complications, has been widely reported. We investigated the influence of TXA on antibiotic release, activity of the released antibiotic against a clinical isolate of S. aureus, and compressive strength of a widely used commercially prepared gentamicin-loaded cement brand (PALACOS R + G). Method: 12 bone cement cylinders (diameter and height = 6 and 12 mm, respectively) were molded. After curing in air for at least 1 h, six of the cylinders were completely immersed in 5 mL of fetal calf serum (FCS) and the other six were completely immersed in a solution consisting of 4.9 mL of FCS and 0.1 mL (10 mg) of TXA. Gentamicin elution tests were performed over 7 d. Four hundred µL of the gentamicin eluate were taken every 24 h for the first 7 d without renewing the immersion fluid. The gentamicin concentration was determined in a clinical analyzer using a homogeny enzyme immuno-assay. The antimicrobial activity of the eluate, obtained after day 7, was tested. An agar diffusion test regime was used with Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria were grown in a LB medium and plated on LB agar plates to get a bacterial lawn. Fifty µL of each eluate were pipetted on 12-mm diameter filter discs, which were placed in the middle of the agar gel. After 24 h of cultivation at 37 °C, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) for each specimen was measured. The compressive strength of the cements was determined per ISO 5833. Results: At each time point in the gentamicin release test, the difference in gentamicin concentration, obtained from specimens immersed in the FCS solution only and those immersed in the FCS + TXA solution was not significant (p = 0.055-0.522). The same trend was seen in each of the following parameters, after 7 d of immersion: (1) Cumulative gentamicin concentration (p < 0.297); (2) gentamicin activity against S. aureus (strongly visible); (3) ZOI size (mostly > 20 mm) (p = 0.631); and (4) compressive strength (p = 0.262). Conclusions: For the PALACOS R + G specimens, the addition of TXA to FCS does not produce significant decreases in gentamicin concentration, in the activity of the gentamicin eluate against a clinical isolate of S. aureus, the zone of inhibition of S. aureus, and in the compressive strength of the cement, after 7 d of immersion in the test solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GilbertMeffertSchmalzletal.2018,
  author    = {Gilbert, F. and Meffert, R. H. and Schmalzl, J. and Weng, A. M. and K{\"o}stler, H. and Eden, L.},
  title     = {Grade of retraction and tendon thickness correlates with MR-spectroscopically measured amount of fatty degeneration in full thickness supraspinatus tears},
  series = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
  number    = {197},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12891-018-2096-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176116},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: The amount of fatty degeneration (FD) has major impact on the clinical result and cuff integrity after rotator cuff repair. A quantitative analysis with magnet resonance imaging (MRI) spectroscopy was employed to analyze possible correlation of FD with tendon retraction, tendon thickness and patients' characteristics in full thickness supraspinatus tears. Methods: Forty-two patients with full-thickness supraspinatus tears underwent shoulder MRI including an experimental spectroscopic sequence allowing quantification of the fat fraction in the supraspinatus muscle belly. The amount of fatty degeneration was correlated with tendon retraction, tendon thickness, patients' age, gender, smoker status, symptom duration and body mass index (BMI). Patients were divided in to three groups of retraction (A) 0-10 mm (n=), (B) 11-20 mm (n=) and (C) < 21 mm (n=) and the means of FD for each group were calculated. Results: Tendon retraction (R = 0.6) and symptom duration (R = 0.6) correlated positively, whereas tendon thickness correlated negatively (R = - 0.6) with the amount of FD. The fat fraction increased significantly with tendon retraction: Group (A) showed a mean fat mount of 3.7\% (±4\%), group (B) of 16.7\% (±8.2\%) and group (C) of 37.5\% (±19\%). BMI, age and smoker-status only showed weak to moderate correlation with the amount of FD in this cohort. Conclusion: MRI spectroscopy revealed significantly higher amount of fat with increasing grade of retraction, symptom duration and decreased tendon thickness. Thus, these parameters may indirectly be associated with the severity of tendon disease.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JakuscheitSchaeferRoedigetal.2021,
  author    = {Jakuscheit, Axel and Schaefer, Nina and Roedig, Johannes and Luedemann, Martin and Hertzberg-Boelch, Sebastian Philipp von and Weissenberger, Manuel and Schmidt, Karsten and Holzapfel, Boris Michael and Rudert, Maximilian},
  title     = {Modifiable individual risks of perioperative blood transfusions and acute postoperative complications in total hip and knee arthroplasty},
  series = {Journal of Personalized Medicine},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of Personalized Medicine},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {2075-4426},
  doi       = {10.3390/jpm11111223},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250290},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: The primary aim of this study was to identify modifiable patient-related predictors of blood transfusions and perioperative complications in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Individual predictor-adjusted risks can be used to define preoperative treatment thresholds. Methods: We performed this retrospective monocentric study in orthopaedic patients who underwent primary total knee or hip arthroplasty. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the predictive value of patient-related characteristics. Predictor-adjusted individual risks of blood transfusions and the occurrence of any perioperative adverse event were calculated for potentially modifiable risk factors. Results: 3754 patients were included in this study. The overall blood transfusion and complication rates were 4.8\% and 6.4\%, respectively. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb, p < 0.001), low body mass index (BMI, p < 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, p = 0.004) were the strongest potentially modifiable predictors of a blood transfusion. EGFR (p = 0.001) was the strongest potentially modifiable predictor of a complication. Predictor-adjusted risks of blood transfusions and acute postoperative complications were calculated for Hb and eGFR. Hb = 12.5 g/dL, BMI = 17.6 kg/m\(^2\), and eGFR = 54 min/mL were associated, respectively, with a 10\% risk of a blood transfusion, eGFR = 59 mL/min was associated with a 10\% risk of a complication. Conclusion: The individual risks for blood transfusions and acute postoperative complications are strongly increased in patients with a low preoperative Hb, low BMI or low eGFR. We recommend aiming at a preoperative Hb ≥ 13g/dL, an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min and to avoid a low BMI. Future studies must show if a preoperative increase of eGFR and BMI is feasible and truly beneficial.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReimannStopperHintzsche2020,
  author    = {Reimann, Hauke and Stopper, Helga and Hintzsche, Henning},
  title     = {Long-term fate of etoposide-induced micronuclei and micronucleated cells in Hela-H2B-GFP cells},
  series = {Archives of Toxicology},
  volume    = {94},
  journal   = {Archives of Toxicology},
  issn      = {0340-5761},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00204-020-02840-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235039},
  pages     = {3553-3561},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Micronuclei are small nuclear cellular structures containing whole chromosomes or chromosomal fragments. While there is a lot of information available about the origin and formation of micronuclei, less is known about the fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells. Possible fates include extrusion, degradation, reincorporation and persistence. Live cell imaging was performed to quantitatively analyse the fates of micronuclei and micronucleated cells occurring in vitro. Imaging was conducted for up to 96 h in HeLa-H2B-GFP cells treated with 0.5, 1 and 2 µg/ml etoposide. While a minority of micronuclei was reincorporated into the main nucleus during mitosis, the majority of micronuclei persisted without any alterations. Degradation and extrusion were observed rarely or never. The presence of micronuclei affected the proliferation of the daughter cells and also had an influence on cell death rates. Mitotic errors were found to be clearly increased in micronucleus-containing cells. The results show that micronuclei and micronucleated cells can, although delayed in cell cycle, sustain for multiple divisions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Grebe2022,
  author    = {Grebe, S{\"o}ren},
  title     = {Diagnose der linksventrikul{\"a}ren Hypertrophie bei H{\"a}modialyse-PatientInnen anhand von Echokardiographie und EKG im Vergleich zum CMRI},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27211},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-272115},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In der Gruppe der H{\"a}modialyse-PatientInnen besteht ein deutlich erh{\"o}htes Risiko an kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Ereignissen zu versterben. Korrespondierend hierzu weisen H{\"a}modia-lyse-PatientInnen eine erh{\"o}hte Pr{\"a}valenz an linksventrikul{\"a}rer Hypertrophie (LVH) auf. Diese gilt als starker unabh{\"a}ngiger Risikofaktor f{\"u}r kardiovaskul{\"a}re Mortalit{\"a}t. Auf-grund der prognostischen Aussagekraft dient die Bewertung des linksventrikul{\"a}ren Massenindex (LVMI) sowie die Diagnose einer LVH vor allem in prospektiven Studien als ein bedeutendes Werkzeug zur Beurteilung des kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikos. Die Be-stimmung der LVH kann anhand von bildgebenden Verfahren (u.a. Echokardiographie, CMRI) oder dem EKG erfolgen. Die CMRI-Messung wird gegenw{\"a}rtig als Goldstan-dard zur Messung der LVH betrachtet. Die 2D gef{\"u}hrte M-mode-Methode der Echokardiographie zur Bestimmung der LVM zeichnet sich durch seine einfache und schnelle Durchf{\"u}hrbarkeit aus und wird deshalb trotz pr{\"a}ziserer Messverfahren wie dem 3D-Verfahren sowie diverser Einschr{\"a}nkungen weiterhin von der American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) als Screening-Methode und zur Untersuchung großer PatientInnenpopulationen empfohlen. Die empfohlene ASE-Formel {\"u}bersch{\"a}tzt jedoch den LVMI nachweislich im Vergleich zum CMRI-Messverfahren. Die {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung zeigte sich abh{\"a}ngig von der H{\"o}he des LVMI. Es wird vermutet, dass die zunehmende {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung Folge der geometrischen Grundan-nahmen ist, welche den LV vereinfachend als Ellipsoid mit konstantem L/D-Verh{\"a}ltnis annimmt. Dieses Verh{\"a}ltnis scheint sich jedoch bei zunehmender Herzgr{\"o}ße zu ver{\"a}n-dern, was wiederum zu einer Fehleinsch{\"a}tzung des LVMI f{\"u}hrt. Die Teichholz (Th)-Formel korrigiert das L/D-Verh{\"a}ltnis mithilfe einer kurvilinearen Anpassung an den linksventrikul{\"a}ren Durchmesser und zeigte k{\"u}rzlich in einer PatientInnengruppe mit Aor-tenstenose die geringste Tendenz der {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung bei PatientInnen mit LVH. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die echokardiographischen Formeln - ASE und Th - mit dem CMRI-Messverfahren verglichen. Beide Formeln zeigten eine deutliche {\"U}bersch{\"a}t-zung des LVMI. Die Th-Formel demonstrierte jedoch neben einer besseren {\"U}berein-stimmung zum CMRI, eine insgesamt geringere {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung des LVMI sowie eine sukzessive Abnahme der {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung mit zunehmendem LVMI. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass die Th-Formel der ASE-Formel in Bezug auf die Be-rechnung des LVMI bei H{\"a}modialyse-PatientInnen insbesondere bei PatientInnen mit LVH {\"u}berlegen ist. Weitere Studien sind jedoch erforderlich, um die Th-Formel in gr{\"o}-ßeren H{\"a}modialyse-PatientInnen-Kohorten mit h{\"o}heren LVMI-Werten zu testen sowie um den prognostischen Wert der Th-Formel im Vergleich zur ASE-Formel zu ermitteln. Die klassischen EKG-Indices und -Scores zur Feststellung einer LVH wiesen, wie be-reits in anderen CMRI-Vergleichsstudien gezeigt, eine schlechte Sensitivit{\"a}t bei guter Spezifit{\"a}t auf. Aufgrund dessen verlor das EKG zunehmend an Bedeutung als Scree-ning-Untersuchung. In dieser Studie wurde der Versuch unternommen die Sensitivit{\"a}t durch zwei L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze zu verbessern, einerseits durch die Kombination verschiede-ner EKG-Kriterien und andrerseits durch eine Adjustierung der EKG-Kriterien an den mittels Bioimpedanz gemessenen Fettmassenanteil. Die Kombination verschiedener EKG-Kriterien erzielte eine deutlich erh{\"o}hte Sensitivit{\"a}t von >70 \%. Auch die Anpas-sung der EKG-Kriterien an den individuellen Fettmassenanteil k{\"o}nnte ein hilfreicher L{\"o}sungsansatz zur Verbesserung der Sensitivit{\"a}t bei Adipositas darstellen.},
  subject      = {Transthorakale Echokardiographie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Uebelacker2019,
  author    = {Uebelacker, Lukas},
  title     = {In vitro-Exposition von Glycerin als Bestandteil des Shisha-Tabaks an humanen Nasenschleimhautzellen und Lymphozyten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18444},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-184443},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Shisha-Tabak ben{\"o}tigt im Vergleich zur Zigarette h{\"o}here Konzentrationen des Feuchthaltemittels Glycerin. Seit Mai 2016 ist die bis dahin g{\"u}ltige Limitierung von Feuchthaltemitteln in Tabak auf 5 \% aufgehoben. Derzeit ist das toxikologische Profil des Glycerins jedoch noch nicht hinreichend erforscht. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Glycerin auf m{\"o}gliche zyto- und genotoxische Effekte zu untersuchen, um so das Gef{\"a}hrdungspotenzial durch Glycerin im Shisha-Tabak zu beurteilen und die tabakkontrollpolitische Situation in Deutschland zu diskutieren. Daf{\"u}r wurden Lymphozyten sowie Nasenschleimhautzellen von 10 Patienten f{\"u}r eine Stunde Glycerin (0,001 mol/l bis 6,0 mol/l) exponiert. Durch den Trypanblau-Ausschlusstest wurden die Zellen auf Zytotoxizit{\"a}t, mittels Einzelzellgelelektrophorese (Comet Assay) und Mikrokern-Test auf Genotoxizit{\"a}t untersucht. Im Trypanblau-Ausschlusstest traten bei Lymphozyten sowie nasalen Mukosazellen signifikante Vitalit{\"a}tsabf{\"a}lle ab Glycerin-Konzentrationen von 1,0 mol/l auf. Im Comet Assay konnten f{\"u}r beide Zellgruppen signifikante Unterschiede des Olive Tail Moments (OTM) ab 1,0 mol/l nachgewiesen werden. Beim Mikrokern-Test zeigten sich keine signifikanten Zunahmen der Mikrokern-Anzahl. Es konnten zyto- und genotoxische Effekte ab Konzentrationen von 1,0 mol/l nachgewiesen werden. Dies {\"u}berschreitet die reale Glycerin-Belastung im Hauptstromrauch der Shisha jedoch deutlich. Dennoch handelt es sich bei Genotoxizit{\"a}t um ein stochastisches Risiko. Ebenso sind toxische Effekte, beispielsweise durch Erhitzung, bereits bei geringeren Konzentrationen denkbar. F{\"u}r eine umfangreichere Beurteilung von Feuchthaltemitteln im Shisha-Tabak sind weitere Untersuchungen indiziert. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus besteht enormer Handlungsbedarf zur weiteren Einf{\"u}hrung tabakkontrollpolitischer Maßnahmen in Deutschland.},
  subject      = {Glycerin},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schweinfurth2019,
  author    = {Schweinfurth, Philipp},
  title     = {Der Einfluss von bub1b und p53 auf den Zellzyklus sowie die Sensitivit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber Docetaxel - Untersuchungen am Mausmodell und an murinen embryonalen Fibroblasten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18251},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182511},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Chemotherapeutika, deren Wirkung am MSC von Zellen ansetzen, geh{\"o}ren zum Standardrepertoire der onkologischen Therapie in zahlreichen Malignomen. In der Uroonkologie hat insbesondere das Erstarken von Docetaxel-basierten Therapien im metastasierten Prostatakarzinom den Fokus erneut auf den MSC gerichtet. Diesbez{\"u}glich wurden aber sowohl sch{\"u}tzende, als auch tumortreibende Teilfunktionen des MSCs in verschiedenen Tumorentit{\"a}ten gezeigt und pleiotrope Effekte einzelner Gene des MSCs n{\"a}her untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher eine m{\"o}gliche Rolle von bub1b in der Tumorentstehung und in der Modulation der Ansprechbarkeit gegen{\"u}ber Docetaxel. Da die Heterozygotie im Gen bub1b in den existierenden Mausmodellen jedoch nur zu alters-assoziierten Tumorerkrankungen f{\"u}hrt, wurden in Rahmen dieser Arbeit bub1b heterozygote Tiere mit p53 defizienten Tieren verpaart. Eben diese Tiere wurden hinsichtlich ihres {\"U}berlebens sowie der Art der aufgetretenen Tumorentit{\"a}ten untersucht. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden Proliferations- und Zellzyklusanalysen insbesondere unter Docetaxelstress an MEFs, die aus diesem Mausmodell gewonnen wurden, durchgef{\"u}hrt. In Sektionsstudien des Mausmodells wurde gezeigt, dass bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen von Heterozygotie von bub1b und Homozygotie von p53 eine Verschiebung des Tumor- Ph{\"a}notyps der p53 defizienten Tiere (Sarkome und Lymphome) erfolgte. Tiere des Genotyps bub1b het / p53 hom wiesen einen signifikant geringeren Anteil von Sarkomen im Vergleich zu den Lymphomen auf. Zus{\"a}tzlich nahm bei den Lymphomen der Anteil von disseminierten Lymphomen gegen{\"u}ber den thymoidalen Lymphomen zu. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, dass eine Heterozygotie f{\"u}r bub1b die Entwicklung bestimmter Tumorentit{\"a}ten (disseminierte Lymphome) beg{\"u}nstigt, w{\"a}hrend andere Tumorentit{\"a}ten (z.B. Sarkome) durch den Verlust eines bub1b Allels eher verhindert werden. Die molekularen Ursachen f{\"u}r diesen Befund sind zurzeit noch unklar. In einem zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde unter Verwendung von Zellkulturen muriner embryonaler Fibroblasten (MEFs), die mittels des vorhandenen Mausmodells etabliert wurden, gezeigt, dass MEFs der Genotypen bub1b wt / p53 hom, wie auch bub1b het / p53 hom im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe normal proliferieren und einen weitgehend normalen Zellzyklus aufweisen. Die zytostatische Wirkung des „Spindelcheckpoint Aktivators" Docetaxel ist in MEFs mit einer Heterozygotie f{\"u}r bub1b reduziert, w{\"a}hrend MEFs der Genotypen bub1b wt / p53 hom, wie auch bub1b het / p53 hom sensitiver auf Docetaxel reagieren. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann eine geringe Effektivit{\"a}t von Docetaxel als zytostatisches Therapeutikum in der Tumortherapie von bub1b heterozygoten Zellen abgeleitet werden. Bei gleichzeitigen Defekten im Gen p53 k{\"o}nnten sich bub1b heterozygote Zellen allerdings sensitiv gegen{\"u}ber einer Therapie verhalten. In MEFs aller drei Genotypen konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass die Aktivierung des MSCs durch Docetaxel unvollst{\"a}ndig bzw. defekt ist. Dieser Defekt im MSC f{\"u}hrt, wie bereits erw{\"a}hnt, zu einem starken zytostatischen Effekt, aber auch zu einer signifikanten Steigerung der Anzahl und zur Persistenz von polyploiden Zellen in den Zellkulturen der MEFs mit dem Genotyp bub1b het / p53 hom. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann geschlossen werden, dass eine Defizienz f{\"u}r p53 und eine Heterozygotie f{\"u}r bub1b einen additiven Effekt in der Entwicklung von polyploiden Zellen besitzen und somit die Entwicklung von Tumorvorstufen beg{\"u}nstigen. Ob diese Effekte auch in nativen Tumoren unter Docetaxel-Behandlung eine Rolle spielen und sich bub1b und p53 als m{\"o}gliche Pr{\"a}diktoren einer Docetaxel-Therapie im Menschen evaluieren lassen, m{\"u}ssten weiterf{\"u}hrende Analysen zeigen, die den Verlauf einer Tumortherapie mit Hilfe eines Spindelgiftes abbilden.},
  subject      = {Docetaxel},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{MendesPereira2019,
  author    = {Mendes Pereira, Lenon},
  title     = {Morphological and Functional Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Lung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18317},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-183176},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In this thesis, a 3D Ultrashort echo time (3D-UTE) sequence was introduced in the Self-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced Functional Lung Imaging (SENCEFUL) framework. The sequence was developed and implemented on a 3 Tesla MR scanner. The 3D-UTE technique consisted of a nonselective RF pulse followed by a koosh ball quasi-random sampling order of the k-space. Measurements in free-breathing and without contrast agent were performed in healthy subjects and a patient with lung cancer. A gating technique, using a combination of different coils with high signal correlation, was evaluated in-vivo and compared with a manual approach of coil selection. The gating signal offered an estimation of the breathing motion during measurement and was used as a reference to segment the acquired data into different breathing phases. Gradient delays and trajectory errors were corrected during post-processing using the Gradient Impulse Response Function. Iterative SENSE was then applied to determine the fully sampled data. In order to eliminate signal changes caused by motion, a 3D image registration was employed, and the results were compared to a 2D image registration method. Ventilation was assessed in 3D and regionally quantified by monitoring the signal changes in the lung parenchyma. Finally, image quality and quantitative ventilation values were compared to the standard 2D-SENCEFUL technique. 3D-UTE, combined with an automatic gating technique and SENCEFUL MRI, offered ventilation maps with high spatial resolution and SNR. Compared to the 2D method, UTE-SENCEFUL greatly improved the clinical quality of the structural images and the visualization of the lung parenchyma. Through-plane motion, partial volume effects and ventilation artifacts were also reduced with a three-dimensional method for image registration. UTE-SENCEFUL was also able to quantify regional ventilation and presented similar results to previous studies.},
  subject      = {Kernspintomografie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RueckerKeilFitzgeraldetal.2016,
  author    = {R{\"u}cker, Viktoria and Keil, Ulrich and Fitzgerald, Anthony P and Malzahn, Uwe and Prugger, Christof and Ertl, Georg and Heuschmann, Peter U and Neuhauser, Hannelore},
  title     = {Predicting 10-Year Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease in Germany: An Update Based on the SCORE-Deutschland Risk Charts},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {9},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0162188},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166804},
  pages     = {e0162188},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Estimation of absolute risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), preferably with population-specific risk charts, has become a cornerstone of CVD primary prevention. Regular recalibration of risk charts may be necessary due to decreasing CVD rates and CVD risk factor levels. The SCORE risk charts for fatal CVD risk assessment were first calibrated for Germany with 1998 risk factor level data and 1999 mortality statistics. We present an update of these risk charts based on the SCORE methodology including estimates of relative risks from SCORE, risk factor levels from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008-11 (DEGS1) and official mortality statistics from 2012. Competing risks methods were applied and estimates were independently validated. Updated risk charts were calculated based on cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure risk factor levels, sex and 5-year age-groups. The absolute 10-year risk estimates of fatal CVD were lower according to the updated risk charts compared to the first calibration for Germany. In a nationwide sample of 3062 adults aged 40-65 years free of major CVD from DEGS1, the mean 10-year risk of fatal CVD estimated by the updated charts was lower by 29\% and the estimated proportion of high risk people (10-year risk > = 5\%) by 50\% compared to the older risk charts. This recalibration shows a need for regular updates of risk charts according to changes in mortality and risk factor levels in order to sustain the identification of people with a high CVD risk.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zugelder2019,
  author    = {Zugelder, Laurens},
  title     = {Etablierung eines stabilen induzierbaren Multikassetten-Systems f{\"u}r shRNA-Knockdown-Konstrukte in Myelom Zelllinien und Anwendung zur Analyse des NFκB-Signalwegs},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18837},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188377},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Das Multiple Myelom muss trotz stetiger Fortschritte im Hinblick auf die verf{\"u}gbaren Therapieoptionen und die Krankheitsprognose weiterhin im Wesentlichen als eine unheilbare Erkrankung angesehen werden. Dies kann vor allem auf die große inter- und intraindividuelle Heterogenit{\"a}t des MM zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden, welche die Entwicklung gezielter molekularer Therapiestrategien erheblich erschwert. Hierbei stellen loss-of-function- Experimente, welche die Identifikation einzelner oder mehrerer potenziell therapeutisch relevanter Zielstrukturen durch die (kombinierte) Depletion von Proteinen erm{\"o}glichen, eine wichtige S{\"a}ule dar, f{\"u}r deren Durchf{\"u}hrung verschiedene Systeme mit jeweils eigenen Vor- und Nachteilen zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte die Etablierung eines auf RNA-Interferenz basierenden stabilen und induzierbaren Knockdownsystems durch Elektroporation von MM Zelllinien mit Einzel- und Mehrfach-shRNA-Vektoren abgeschlossen werden. Die Transfektion von tet-Repressor-exprimierenden Zellinien mit einer oder mehreren shRNAExpressionskassetten innerhalb eines Plasmidvektors erm{\"o}glicht durch die vollst{\"a}ndige Repression der shRNA-Transkription im nicht-induzierten Zustand die Selektion erfolgreich transponierter Zellen ohne Effekt-vermittelte Bias und die Generierung großer Zellmengen f{\"u}r Versuchsreihen in vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit. Die Induktion der verschiedenen in dieser Arbeit evaluierten Einzel- und Mehrfach-shRNA-Konstrukte gegen (Kombinationen von) Zielstrukturen im Ras/MAPK- sowie im NFκB-Signalsystem mittels Doxyzyklin als Induktionsagens zeigte durchweg deutliche und den Erwartungen aus transienten Experimenten entsprechende Knockdownergebnisse. Auch die Resultate hinsichtlich funktioneller Readouts und zellphysiologischer Effekte der induzierten Knockouts stehen im Einklang mit vorangegangenen Experimenten und best{\"a}tigen somit die {\"A}quivalenz des stabilen induzierbaren Systems zu transienten Ans{\"a}tzen auf RNAi-Basis oder zu pharmakologischen Inhibitoren. Der hierbei erzielte hypomorphe Ph{\"a}notyp innerhalb einer polyklonalen Zellpopulation bildet die Realit{\"a}t einer medikament{\"o}sen Blockade einer oder weniger Zielstrukturen einer heterogenen MM Tumorpopulation n{\"a}herungsweise ab, weshalb das vorgestellte System ein hilfreiches, kosteneffizientes und leicht zu handhabendes Werkzeug f{\"u}r die Identifikation potenziell relevanter Zielstrukturen f{\"u}r molekulare Therapieans{\"a}tze im Multiplen Myelom darstellt},
  subject      = {Plasmozytom},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HaringCrandallCarboneetal.2019,
  author    = {Haring, Bernhard and Crandall, Carolyn J and Carbone, Laura and Liu, Simin and Li, Wenjun and Johnson, Karen C and Wactawski-Wende, Jean and Shadyab, Aladdin H and Gass, Margery L and Kamensky, Victor and Cauley, Jane A and Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia},
  title     = {Lipoprotein(a) plasma levels, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: a post hoc analysis of the Women's Health Initiative, USA},
  series = {BMJ Open},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {BMJ Open},
  doi       = {10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027257},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201139},
  pages     = {e027257},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Objectives Elevated Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, its roles in bone metabolism and fracture risk are unclear. We therefore investigated whether plasma Lp(a) levels were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and incident hip fractures in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Design Post hoc analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), USA. Setting 40 clinical centres in the USA. Participants The current analytical cohort consisted of 9698 white, postmenopausal women enrolled in the WHI, a national prospective study investigating determinants of chronic diseases including heart disease, breast and colorectal cancers and osteoporotic fractures among postmenopausal women. Recruitment for WHI took place from 1 October 1993 to 31 December 1998. Exposures Plasma Lp(a) levels were measured at baseline. Outcome measures Incident hip fractures were ascertained annually and confirmed by medical records with follow-up through 29 August 2014. BMD at the femoral neck was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in a subset of participants at baseline. Statistical analyses Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of quartiles of plasma Lp(a) levels with hip fracture events and hip BMD T-score, respectively. Results During a mean follow-up of 13.8 years, 454 incident cases of hip fracture were observed. In analyses adjusting for confounding variables including age, body mass index, history of hysterectomy, smoking, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, general health status, cardiovascular disease, use of menopausal hormone therapy, use of bisphosphonates, calcitonin or selective-oestrogen receptor modulators, baseline dietary and supplemental calcium and vitamin D intake and history of fracture, no significant association of plasma Lp(a) levels with low hip BMD T-score or hip fracture risk was detected. Conclusions These findings suggest that plasma Lp(a) levels are not related to hip BMD T-score or hip fracture events in postmenopausal women.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElhfnawyHeuschmannPhametal.2019,
  author    = {Elhfnawy, Ahmed Mohamed and Heuschmann, Peter U. and Pham, Mirko and Volkmann, Jens and Fluri, Felix},
  title     = {Stenosis length and degree interact with the risk of cerebrovascular events related to internal carotid artery stenosis},
  series = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  number    = {317},
  issn      = {1664-2295},
  doi       = {10.3389/fneur.2019.00317},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196225},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background and Purpose: Internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS)≥70\% is a leading cause of ischemic cerebrovascular events (ICVEs). However, a considerable percentage of stroke survivors with symptomatic ICAS (sICAS) have <70\% stenosis with a vulnerable plaque. Whether the length of ICAS is associated with high risk of ICVEs is poorly investigated. Our main aim was to investigate the relation between the length of ICAS and the development of ICVEs. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we identified 95 arteries with sICAS and another 64 with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis (aICAS) among 121 patients with ICVEs. The degree and length of ICAS as well as plaque echolucency were assessed on ultrasound scans. Results: A statistically significant inverse correlation between the ultrasound-measured length and degree of ICAS was detected for sICAS≥70\% (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ = -0.57, p < 0.001, n = 51) but neither for sICAS<70\% (ρ = 0.15, p = 0.45, n = 27) nor for aICAS (ρ = 0.07, p = 0.64, n = 54). The median (IQR) length for sICAS<70\% and ≥70\% was 17 (15-20) and 15 (12-19) mm (p = 0.06), respectively, while that for sICAS<90\% and sICAS 90\% was 18 (15-21) and 13 (10-16) mm, respectively (p < 0.001). Among patients with ICAS <70\%, a cut-off length of ≥16 mm was found for sICAS rather than aICAS with a sensitivity and specificity of 74.1\% and 51.1\%, respectively. Irrespective of the stenotic degree, plaques of the sICAS compared to aICAS were significantly more often echolucent (43.2 vs. 24.6\%, p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found a statistically insignificant tendency for the ultrasound-measured length of sICAS<70\% to be longer than that of sICAS≥70\%. Moreover, the ultrasound-measured length of sICAS<90\% was significantly longer than that of sICAS 90\%. Among patients with sICAS≥70\%, the degree and length of stenosis were inversely correlated. Larger studies are needed before a clinical implication can be drawn from these results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoelligKramerGabrechtetal.2018,
  author    = {R{\"o}llig, C. and Kramer, M. and Gabrecht, M. and H{\"a}nel, M. and Herbst, R. and Kaiser, U. and Schmitz, N. and Kullmer, J. and Fetscher, S. and Link, H. and Mantovani-L{\"o}ffler, L. and Kr{\"u}mpelmann, U. and Neuhaus, T. and Heits, F. and Einsele, H. and Ritter, B. and Bornh{\"a}user, M. and Schetelig, J. and Thiede, C. and Mohr, B. and Schaich, M. and Platzbecker, U. and Sch{\"a}fer-Eckart, K. and Kr{\"a}mer, A. and Berdel, W. E. and Serve, H. and Ehninger, G. and Schuler, U. S.},
  title     = {Intermediate-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone versus standard-dose cytarabine plus daunorubicin for acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients},
  series = {Annals of Oncology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Annals of Oncology},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy030},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226473},
  pages     = {973-978},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: The combination of intermediate-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone (IMA) can induce high complete remission rates with acceptable toxicity in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present the final results of a randomized-controlled trial comparing IMA with the standard 7+3 induction regimen consisting of continuous infusion cytarabine plus daunorubicin (DA). Patients and methods: Patients with newly diagnosed AML>60 years were randomized to receive either intermediate-dose cytarabine (1000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1, 3, 5, 7) plus mitoxantrone (10 mg/m(2) days 1-3) (IMA) or standard induction therapy with cytarabine (100 mg/m(2) continuously days 1-7) plus daunorubicin (45 mg/m(2) days 3-5) (DA). Patients in complete remission after DA received intermediate-dose cytarabine plus amsacrine as consolidation treatment, whereas patients after IMA were consolidated with standard-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone. Results: Between February 2005 and October 2009, 485 patients were randomized; 241 for treatment arm DA and 244 for IMA; 76\% of patients were >65 years. The complete response rate after DA was 39\% [95\% confidence interval (95\% CI): 33-45] versus 55\% (95\% CI: 49-61) after IMA (odds ratio 1.89, P = 0.001). The 6-week early-death rate was 14\% in both arms. Relapse-free survival curves were superimposable in the first year, but separated afterwards, resulting in 3-year relapse-free survival rates of 29\% versus 14\% in the DA versus IMA arms, respectively (P = 0.042). The median overall survival was 10 months in both arms (P = 0.513). Conclusion: The dose escalation of cytarabine in induction therapy lead to improved remission rates in the elderly AML patients. This did not translate into a survival advantage, most likely due to differences in consolidation treatment. Thus, effective consolidation strategies need to be further explored. In combination with an effective consolidation strategy, the use of intermediate-dose cytarabine in induction may improve curative treatment for elderly AML patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gomes2019,
  author    = {Gomes, Sara Ferreira Martins},
  title     = {Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Brain Endothelial Cells as a Cellular Model to Study Neisseria meningitidis Infection},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18855},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188550},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Bacterial meningitis occurs when blood-borne bacteria are able to penetrate highly specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs) and gain access to the meninges. Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a human-exclusive pathogen for which suitable in vitro models are severely lacking. Until recently, modeling BEC-Nm interactions has been almost exclusively limited to immortalized human cells that lack proper BEC phenotypes. Specifically, these in vitro models lack barrier properties, and continuous tight junctions. Alternatively, humanized mice have been used, but these must rely on known interactions and have limited translatability. This motivates the need to establish novel human-based in vitro BEC models that have barrier phenotypes to research Nm-BEC interactions. Recently, a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of BECs has been developed that possesses superior BEC phenotypes and closely mimics the in vivo blood vessels present at the blood-meningeal barrier. Here, iPSC-BECs were tested as a novel cellular model to study Nm-host pathogen interactions, with focus on host responses to Nm infection. Two wild type strains and three mutant strains of Nm were used to confirm that these followed similar phenotypes to previously described models. Importantly, the recruitment of the recently published pilus adhesin receptor CD147 underneath meningococcal microcolonies could be verified in iPSC-BECs. Nm was also observed to significantly increase the expression of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-specific chemokines IL6, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CCL20, at distinct time points of infection, and the secretion of IFN γ and RANTES by iPSC-BECs. Nm was directly observed to disrupt tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 at late time points of infection, which became frayed and/or discontinuous upon infection. This destruction is preceded by, and might be dependent on, SNAI1 activation (a transcriptional repressor of tight junction proteins). In accordance with tight junction loss, a sharp loss in trans-endothelial electrical resistance, and an increase in sodium fluorescein permeability was observed at late infection time points. Notably, bacterial transmigration correlated with junctional disruption, indicating that the paracellular route contributes for bacterial crossing of BECs. Finally, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) of sorted, infected iPSC-BECs was established through the use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) techniques following infection. This allowed the detection of expression data of Nm-responsive host genes not previously described thus far to play a role during meningitidis. In conclusion, here the utility of iPSC-BECs in vitro to study Nm infection could be demonstrated. This is the first BEC in vitro model to express all major BEC tight junctions and to display high barrier potential. Altogether, here this model provides novel insights into Nm pathogenesis, including an impact of Nm on barrier properties and tight junction complexes and suggests that the paracellular route contributes to Nm traversal of BECs.},
  subject      = {Neisseria meningitidis},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AsthanaBrunhuberMuehlbergeretal.2016,
  author    = {Asthana, Manish Kumar and Brunhuber, Bettina and M{\"u}hlberger, Andreas and Reif, Andreas and Schneider, Simone and Herrmann, Martin J.},
  title     = {Preventing the Return of Fear Using Reconsolidation Update Mechanisms Depends on the Met-Allele of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism},
  series = {International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1093/ijnp/pyv137},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166217},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: Memory reconsolidation is the direct effect of memory reactivation followed by stabilization of newly synthesized proteins. It has been well proven that neural encoding of both newly and reactivated memories requires synaptic plasticity. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively investigated regarding its role in the formation of synaptic plasticity and in the alteration of fear memories. However, its role in fear reconsolidation is still unclear; hence, the current study has been designed to investigate the role of the BDNF val66met polymorphism (rs6265) in fear memory reconsolidation in humans. Methods: An auditory fear-conditioning paradigm was conducted, which comprised of three stages (acquisition, reactivation, and spontaneous recovery). One day after fear acquisition, the experimental group underwent reactivation of fear memory followed by the extinction training (reminder group), whereas the control group (non-reminder group) underwent only extinction training. On day 3, both groups were subjected to spontaneous recovery of earlier learned fearful memories. The treat-elicited defensive response due to conditioned threat was measured by assessing the skin conductance response to the conditioned stimulus. All participants were genotyped for rs6265. Results: The results indicate a diminishing effect of reminder on the persistence of fear memory only in the Met-allele carriers, suggesting a moderating effect of the BDNF polymorphism in fear memory reconsolidation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a new role for BDNF gene variation in fear memory reconsolidation in humans.},
  language  = {en}
}