@article{Schwemer2020,
  author    = {Schwemer, Daniel},
  title     = {Any Evil, a Stalking Ghost, and the Bull-Headed Demon},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Arch{\"a}ologie},
  volume    = {110},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Arch{\"a}ologie},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {0084-5299},
  doi       = {10.1515/za-2020-0015},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217763},
  pages     = {141 -- 160},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Based on first-millennium cuneiform manuscripts from Aššur, Babylon, and Uruk, this article offers an edition of a ritual against an illness conceptualized as the demon 'Any Evil'. The text sheds light on how the catch-all figure Any Evil corresponds to the idea of a universal cure for any physical ailment, and how the rhetoric of the incantation articulates this relationship and facilitates the active participation of the patient. The ritual instructions of this and a closely related text show that Any Evil is envisaged as a bull-headed, male demon. This points to an adaptation of motifs that are typically associated with ghosts in ancient Mesopotamian thought and raises questions concerning the pictorial representation of Any Evil and its conceptual foundations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{FalesTusaWilhelmetal.1987,
  author    = {Fales, Frederick Marion and Tusa, Sebastiano and Wilhelm, Gernot and Zaccagnini, Carlo},
  title     = {German-Italian expedition to Iraq: preliminary report on the first campaign of excavations within the Saddam Dam Reservoir Archaeological Rescue Project (1984)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78053},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Orientalistik},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilhelmFalesTusaetal.1987,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Fales, M. and Tusa, S. and Zaccagnini, C.},
  title     = {T. Karrāna 3, T. Ǧīkān and T. Ḫirbat Ṣālih: 1st Campaign},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85823},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Alter Orient},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Wilhelm1983,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Reconstructing the phonology of dead languages},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-103601},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1983},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Schrift},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Wilhelm1989,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {The Hurrians / [with a chapter by D. L. Stein]},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87615},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Mesopotamien},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilhelmZaccagnini1987,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Zaccagnini, C.},
  title     = {T. Karrāna 3, T. Ḫirbat Ṣālih: 2nd Campaign},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82943},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Alter Orient},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilhelmZaccagnini1993,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Zaccagnini, Carlo},
  title     = {Tell Karrana 3, Tell Jikan, Tell Khirbet Salih},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87646},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Tell Karrana},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FisselerMuellerWeichert2017,
  author    = {Fisseler, Denis and M{\"u}ller, Gerfrid G. W. and Weichert, Frank},
  title     = {Web-Based scientific exploration and analysis of 3D scanned cuneiform datasets for collaborative research},
  series = {Informatics},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Informatics},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {2227-9709},
  doi       = {10.3390/informatics4040044},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197958},
  pages     = {44},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The three-dimensional cuneiform script is one of the oldest known writing systems and a central object of research in Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Hittitology. An important step towards the understanding of the cuneiform script is the provision of opportunities and tools for joint analysis. This paper presents an approach that contributes to this challenge: a collaborative compatible web-based scientific exploration and analysis of 3D scanned cuneiform fragments. The WebGL -based concept incorporates methods for compressed web-based content delivery of large 3D datasets and high quality visualization. To maximize accessibility and to promote acceptance of 3D techniques in the field of Hittitology, the introduced concept is integrated into the Hethitologie-Portal Mainz, an established leading online research resource in the field of Hittitology, which until now exclusively included 2D content. The paper shows that increasing the availability of 3D scanned archaeological data through a web-based interface can provide significant scientific value while at the same time finding a trade-off between copyright induced restrictions and scientific usability.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DietrichMeisterDietrichetal.2019,
  author    = {Dietrich, Laura and Meister, Julia and Dietrich, Oliver and Notroff, Jens and Kiep, Janika and Heeb, Julia and Beuger, Andr{\´e} and Sch{\"u}tt, Brigitta},
  title     = {Cereal processing at Early Neolithic G{\"o}bekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215214},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201504},
  pages     = {e0215214},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {We analyze the processing of cereals and its role at Early Neolithic G{\"o}bekli Tepe, southeastern Anatolia (10th / 9th millennium BC), a site that has aroused much debate in archaeological discourse. To date, only zooarchaeological evidence has been discussed in regard to the subsistence of its builders. G{\"o}bekli Tepe consists of monumental round to oval buildings, erected in an earlier phase, and smaller rectangular buildings, built around them in a partially contemporaneous and later phase. The monumental buildings are best known as they were in the focus of research. They are around 20 m in diameter and have stone pillars that are up to 5.5 m high and often richly decorated. The rectangular buildings are smaller and-in some cases-have up to 2 m high, mostly undecorated, pillars. Especially striking is the number of tools related to food processing, including grinding slabs/bowls, handstones, pestles, and mortars, which have not been studied before. We analyzed more than 7000 artifacts for the present contribution. The high frequency of artifacts is unusual for contemporary sites in the region. Using an integrated approach of formal, experimental, and macro- / microscopical use-wear analyses we show that Neolithic people at G{\"o}bekli Tepe have produced standardized and efficient grinding tools, most of which have been used for the processing of cereals. Additional phytolith analysis confirms the massive presence of cereals at the site, filling the gap left by the weakly preserved charred macro-rests. The organization of work and food supply has always been a central question of research into G{\"o}bekli Tepe, as the construction and maintenance of the monumental architecture would have necessitated a considerable work force. Contextual analyses of the distribution of the elements of the grinding kit on site highlight a clear link between plant food preparation and the rectangular buildings and indicate clear delimitations of working areas for food production on the terraces the structures lie on, surrounding the circular buildings. There is evidence for extensive plant food processing and archaeozoological data hint at large-scale hunting of gazelle between midsummer and autumn. As no large storage facilities have been identified, we argue for a production of food for immediate use and interpret these seasonal peaks in activity at the site as evidence for the organization of large work feasts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoeschBiesterBogenriederetal.2017,
  author    = {R{\"o}sch, Manfred and Biester, Harald and Bogenrieder, Arno and Eckmeier, Eileen and Ehrmann, Otto and Gerlach, Renate and Hall, Mathias and Hartkopf-Fr{\"o}der, Christoph and Herrmann, Ludger and Kury, Birgit and Lechterbeck, Jutta and Schier, Wolfram and Schulz, Erhard},
  title     = {Late neolithic agriculture in temperate Europe—a long-term experimental approach},
  series = {Land},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Land},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2073-445X},
  doi       = {10.3390/land6010011},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198103},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Long-term slash-and-burn experiments, when compared with intensive tillage without manuring, resulted in a huge data set relating to potential crop yields, depending on soil quality, crop type, and agricultural measures. Cultivation without manuring or fallow phases did not produce satisfying yields, and mono-season cropping on freshly cleared and burned plots resulted in rather high yields, comparable to those produced during modern industrial agriculture - at least ten-fold the ones estimated for the medieval period. Continuous cultivation on the same plot, using imported wood from adjacent areas as fuel, causes decreasing yields over several years. The high yield of the first harvest of a slash-and-burn agriculture is caused by nutrient input through the ash produced and mobilization from the organic matter of the topsoil, due to high soil temperatures during the burning process and higher topsoil temperatures due to the soil's black surface. The harvested crops are pure, without contamination of any weeds. Considering the amount of work required to fight weeds without burning, the slash-and-burn technique yields much better results than any other tested agricultural approach. Therefore, in dense woodland, without optimal soils and climate, slash-and-burn agriculture seems to be the best, if not the only, feasible method to start agriculture, for example, during the Late Neolithic, when agriculture expanded from the loess belt into landscapes less suitable for agriculture. Extensive and cultivation with manuring is more practical in an already-open landscape and with a denser population, but its efficiency in terms of the ratio of the manpower input to food output, is worse. Slash-and-burn agriculture is not only a phenomenon of temperate European agriculture during the Neolithic, but played a major role in land-use in forested regions worldwide, creating anthromes on a huge spatial scale.},
  language  = {en}
}