@article{SteinerZacharyBaueretal.2023, author = {Steiner, Thomas and Zachary, Marie and Bauer, Susanne and M{\"u}ller, Martin J. and Krischke, Markus and Radziej, Sandra and Klepsch, Maximilian and Huettel, Bruno and Eisenreich, Wolfgang and Rudel, Thomas and Beier, Dagmar}, title = {Central Role of Sibling Small RNAs NgncR_162 and NgncR_163 in Main Metabolic Pathways of Neisseria gonorrhoeae}, series = {mBio}, volume = {14}, journal = {mBio}, doi = {10.1128/mbio.03093-22}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313323}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Small bacterial regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of numerous metabolic pathways. In most of these studies, sRNA-dependent regulation of mRNAs or proteins of enzymes in metabolic pathways has been predicted to affect the metabolism of these bacteria. However, only in a very few cases has the role in metabolism been demonstrated. Here, we performed a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to define the regulon of the sibling sRNAs NgncR_162 and NgncR_163 (NgncR_162/163) and their impact on the metabolism of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These sRNAs have been reported to control genes of the citric acid and methylcitric acid cycles by posttranscriptional negative regulation. By transcriptome analysis, we now expand the NgncR_162/163 regulon by several new members and provide evidence that the sibling sRNAs act as both negative and positive regulators of target gene expression. Newly identified NgncR_162/163 targets are mostly involved in transport processes, especially in the uptake of glycine, phenylalanine, and branched-chain amino acids. NgncR_162/163 also play key roles in the control of serine-glycine metabolism and, hence, probably affect biosyntheses of nucleotides, vitamins, and other amino acids via the supply of one-carbon (C\(_1\)) units. Indeed, these roles were confirmed by metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis, which revealed a bipartite metabolic network with glucose degradation for the supply of anabolic pathways and the usage of amino acids via the citric acid cycle for energy metabolism. Thus, by combined deep RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomics, we significantly extended the regulon of NgncR_162/163 and demonstrated the role of NgncR_162/163 in the regulation of central metabolic pathways of the gonococcus.}, language = {en} } @article{LibandaPaeth2023, author = {Libanda, Brigadier and Paeth, Heiko}, title = {Modelling wind speed across Zambia: Implications for wind energy}, series = {International Journal of Climatology}, volume = {43}, journal = {International Journal of Climatology}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1002/joc.7826}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312134}, pages = {772 -- 786}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Wind energy is a key option in global dialogues about climate change mitigation. Here, we combined observations from surface wind stations, reanalysis datasets, and state-of-the-art regional climate models from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX Africa) to study the current and future wind energy potential in Zambia. We found that winds are dominated by southeasterlies and are rarely strong with an average speed of 2.8 m·s\(^{-1}\). When we converted the observed surface wind speed to a turbine hub height of 100 m, we found a ~38\% increase in mean wind speed for the period 1981-2000. Further, both simulated and observed wind speed data show statistically significant increments across much of the country. The only areas that divert from this upward trend of wind speeds are the low land terrains of the Eastern Province bordering Malawi. Examining projections of wind power density (WPD), we found that although wind speed is increasing, it is still generally too weak to support large-scale wind power generation. We found a meagre projected annual average WPD of 46.6 W·m\(^{-2}\). The highest WPDs of ~80 W·m\(^{-2}\) are projected in the northern and central parts of the country while the lowest are to be expected along the Luangwa valley in agreement with wind speed simulations. On average, Zambia is expected to experience minor WPD increments of 0.004 W·m\(^{-2}\) per year from 2031 to 2050. We conclude that small-scale wind turbines that accommodate cut-in wind speeds of 3.8 m·s\(^{-1}\) are the most suitable for power generation in Zambia. Further, given the limitations of small wind turbines, they are best suited for rural and suburban areas of the country where obstructions are few, thus making them ideal for complementing the government of the Republic of Zambia's rural electrification efforts.}, language = {en} } @article{LambergerZainuddinScheibeletal.2023, author = {Lamberger, Zan and Zainuddin, Shakir and Scheibel, Thomas and Lang, Gregor}, title = {Polymeric Janus Fibers}, series = {ChemPlusChem}, volume = {88}, journal = {ChemPlusChem}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1002/cplu.202200371}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318516}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Janus fibers are a class of composite materials comprising mechanical and chemical to biological functionality. Combining different materials and functionalities in one micro- or even nanoscale fiber enables otherwise unreachable synergistic physicochemical effects with unprecedented opportunities for technical or biomedical applications. Here, recent developments of processing technologies and applications of polymeric Janus fibers will be reviewed. Various examples in the fields of textiles, catalysis, sensors as well as medical applications, like drug delivery systems, tissue engineering and antimicrobial materials, are presented to illuminate the outstanding potential of such high-end functional materials for novel applications in the upcoming future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AbendscheinDesaiAstell2023, author = {Abendschein, Robin and Desai, Shital and Astell, Arlene J.}, title = {Towards Accessibility Guidelines for the Metaverse : A Synthesis of Recommendations for People Living With Dementia}, series = {Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'23) : Workshop "Towards an Inclusive and Accessible Metaverse"}, booktitle = {Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'23) : Workshop "Towards an Inclusive and Accessible Metaverse"}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32019}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320199}, pages = {6}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Given the growing interest of corporate stakeholders in Metaverse applications, there is a need to understand accessibility of these technologies for marginalized populations such as people living with dementia to ensure inclusive design of Metaverse applications. We assessed the accessibility of extended reality technology for people living with mild cognitive impairment and dementia to develop accessibility guidelines for these technologies. We used four strategies to synthesize evidence for barriers and facilitators of accessibility: (1) Findings from a non-systematic literature review, (2) guidelines from well-researched technology, (3) exploration of selected mixed reality technologies, and (4) observations from four sessions and video data of people living with dementia using mixed reality technologies. We utilized template analysis to develop codes and themes towards accessibility guidelines. Future work can validate our preliminary findings by applying them on video recordings or testing them in experiments.}, subject = {CHI Conference}, language = {en} } @article{DhillonDahmsKuebertFlocketal.2023, author = {Dhillon, Maninder Singh and Dahms, Thorsten and Kuebert-Flock, Carina and Rummler, Thomas and Arnault, Joel and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Ullmann, Tobias}, title = {Integrating random forest and crop modeling improves the crop yield prediction of winter wheat and oil seed rape}, series = {Frontiers in Remote Sensing}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Remote Sensing}, issn = {2673-6187}, doi = {10.3389/frsen.2022.1010978}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301462}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The fast and accurate yield estimates with the increasing availability and variety of global satellite products and the rapid development of new algorithms remain a goal for precision agriculture and food security. However, the consistency and reliability of suitable methodologies that provide accurate crop yield outcomes still need to be explored. The study investigates the coupling of crop modeling and machine learning (ML) to improve the yield prediction of winter wheat (WW) and oil seed rape (OSR) and provides examples for the Free State of Bavaria (70,550 km2), Germany, in 2019. The main objectives are to find whether a coupling approach [Light Use Efficiency (LUE) + Random Forest (RF)] would result in better and more accurate yield predictions compared to results provided with other models not using the LUE. Four different RF models [RF1 (input: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)), RF2 (input: climate variables), RF3 (input: NDVI + climate variables), RF4 (input: LUE generated biomass + climate variables)], and one semi-empiric LUE model were designed with different input requirements to find the best predictors of crop monitoring. The results indicate that the individual use of the NDVI (in RF1) and the climate variables (in RF2) could not be the most accurate, reliable, and precise solution for crop monitoring; however, their combined use (in RF3) resulted in higher accuracies. Notably, the study suggested the coupling of the LUE model variables to the RF4 model can reduce the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) from -8\% (WW) and -1.6\% (OSR) and increase the R 2 by 14.3\% (for both WW and OSR), compared to results just relying on LUE. Moreover, the research compares models yield outputs by inputting three different spatial inputs: Sentinel-2(S)-MOD13Q1 (10 m), Landsat (L)-MOD13Q1 (30 m), and MOD13Q1 (MODIS) (250 m). The S-MOD13Q1 data has relatively improved the performance of models with higher mean R 2 [0.80 (WW), 0.69 (OSR)], and lower RRMSE (\%) (9.18, 10.21) compared to L-MOD13Q1 (30 m) and MOD13Q1 (250 m). Satellite-based crop biomass, solar radiation, and temperature are found to be the most influential variables in the yield prediction of both crops.}, language = {en} } @article{Ibebuchi2023, author = {Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie}, title = {On the representation of atmospheric circulation modes in regional climate models over Western Europe}, series = {International Journal of Climatology}, volume = {43}, journal = {International Journal of Climatology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1002/joc.7807}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312424}, pages = {668 -- 682}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Atmospheric circulation is a key driver of climate variability, and the representation of atmospheric circulation modes in regional climate models (RCMs) can enhance the credibility of regional climate projections. This study examines the representation of large-scale atmospheric circulation modes in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 RCMs once driven by ERA-Interim, and by two general circulation models (GCMs). The study region is Western Europe and the circulation modes are classified using the Promax rotated T-mode principal component analysis. The results indicate that the RCMs can replicate the classified atmospheric modes as obtained from ERA5 reanalysis, though with biases dependent on the data providing the lateral boundary condition and the choice of RCM. When the boundary condition is provided by ERA-Interim that is more consistent with observations, the simulated map types and the associating time series match well with their counterparts from ERA5. Further, on average, the multi-model ensemble mean of the analysed RCMs, driven by ERA-Interim, indicated a slight improvement in the representation of the modes obtained from ERA5. Conversely, when the RCMs are driven by the GCMs that are models without assimilation of observational data, the representation of the atmospheric modes, as obtained from ERA5, is relatively less accurate compared to when the RCMs are driven by ERA-Interim. This suggests that the biases stem from the GCMs. On average, the representation of the modes was not improved in the multi-model ensemble mean of the five analysed RCMs driven by either of the GCMs. However, when the best-performed RCMs were selected on average the ensemble mean indicated a slight improvement. Moreover, the presence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the simulated modes depends also on the lateral boundary conditions. The relationship between the modes and the NAO was replicated only when the RCMs were driven by reanalysis. The results indicate that the forcing model is the main factor in reproducing the atmospheric circulation.}, language = {en} } @article{MenekseMahlAlbertetal.2023, author = {Menekse, Kaan and Mahl, Magnus and Albert, Julius and Niyas, M. A. and Shoyama, Kazutaka and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank}, title = {Supramolecularly Engineered Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells with Self-Assembled Non-Fullerene Nanographene Tetraimide Acceptors}, series = {Solar RRL}, volume = {7}, journal = {Solar RRL}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1002/solr.202200895}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312099}, year = {2023}, abstract = {A series of novel imide-functionalized C\(_{64}\) nanographenes is investigated as acceptor components in organic solar cells (OSCs) in combination with donor polymer PM6. These electron-poor molecules either prevail as a monomer or self-assemble into dimers in the OSC active layer depending on the chosen imide substituents. This allows for the controlled stacking of electron-poor and electron-rich π-scaffolds to establish a novel class of non-fullerene acceptor materials to tailor the bulk-heterojunction morphology of the OSCs. The best performance is observed for derivatives that are able to self-assemble into dimers, reaching power conversion efficiencies of up to 7.1\%.}, language = {en} } @article{MaihoffFriessHoissetal.2023, author = {Maihoff, Fabienne and Friess, Nicolas and Hoiss, Bernhard and Schmid-Egger, Christian and Kerner, Janika and Neumayer, Johann and Hopfenm{\"u}ller, Sebastian and B{\"a}ssler, Claus and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Classen, Alice}, title = {Smaller, more diverse and on the way to the top: Rapid community shifts of montane wild bees within an extraordinary hot decade}, series = {Diversity and Distributions}, volume = {29}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1111/ddi.13658}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312126}, pages = {272-288}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Aim Global warming is assumed to restructure mountain insect communities in space and time. Theory and observations along climate gradients predict that insect abundance and richness, especially of small-bodied species, will increase with increasing temperature. However, the specific responses of single species to rising temperatures, such as spatial range shifts, also alter communities, calling for intensive monitoring of real-world communities over time. Location German Alps and pre-alpine forests in south-east Germany. Methods We empirically examined the temporal and spatial change in wild bee communities and its drivers along two largely well-protected elevational gradients (alpine grassland vs. pre-alpine forest), each sampled twice within the last decade. Results We detected clear abundance-based upward shifts in bee communities, particularly in cold-adapted bumble bee species, demonstrating the speed with which mobile organisms can respond to climatic changes. Mean annual temperature was identified as the main driver of species richness in both regions. Accordingly, and in large overlap with expectations under climate warming, we detected an increase in bee richness and abundance, and an increase in small-bodied species in low- and mid-elevations along the grassland gradient. Community responses in the pre-alpine forest gradient were only partly consistent with community responses in alpine grasslands. Main Conclusion In well-protected temperate mountain regions, small-bodied bees may initially profit from warming temperatures, by getting more abundant and diverse. Less severe warming, and differences in habitat openness along the forested gradient, however, might moderate species responses. Our study further highlights the utility of standardized abundance data for revealing rapid changes in bee communities over only one decade.}, language = {en} } @article{WeiWangYangetal.2023, author = {Wei, Yuxiang and Wang, Junyi and Yang, Weiguang and Lin, Zhenyang and Ye, Qing}, title = {Boosting Ring Strain and Lewis Acidity of Borirane: Synthesis, Reactivity and Density Functional Theory Studies of an Uncoordinated Arylborirane Fused to o-Carborane}, series = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, volume = {29}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1002/chem.202203265}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312089}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Among the parent borirane, benzoborirene and ortho-dicarbadodecaborane-fused borirane, the latter possesses the highest ring strain and the highest Lewis acidity according to our density functional theory (DFT) studies. The synthesis of this class of compounds is thus considerably challenging. The existing examples require either a strong π-donating group or an extra ligand for B-coordination, which nevertheless suppresses or completely turns off the Lewis acidity. The title compound, which possesses both features, not only allows the 1,2-insertion of P=O, C=O or C≡N to proceed under milder conditions, but also enables the heretofore unknown dearomative 1,4-insertion of Ar-(C=O)- into a B-C bond. The fusion of strained molecular systems to an o-carborane cage shows great promise for boosting both the ring strain and acidity.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Engelbauer2023, author = {Engelbauer, Manuel}, title = {Global assessment of recent UNESCO Biosphere Reserve quality enhancement strategies and interlinkages with other UNESCO labels}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-196-9}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-197-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286538}, school = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {XVI, 187}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In 1995, the Second International Biosphere Reserve Congress in Seville resulted in a set of new regulations that spurred a significant paradigm shift in the UNESCO Man and Bio-sphere (MAB) Programme, reconceptualizing the research programme as a modern instrument for the dual mandate of nature conservation and sustainable development. But almost 20 years later, a large proportion of biosphere reserves designated before 1996 still did not comply with the new regulations. In 2013, the International Coordination Council of the MAB Programme announced the 'Exit Strategy' to assess, monitor and improve the quality of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. However, the strategy also meant that 266 biosphere reserves in 76 member states were faced with the possibility of exclusion from the world network. This study presents a global assessment of the challenges that result from the Exit Strategy and the Process of Excellence and Enhancement that follows. Specifically, it investigates the differences in quality management strategies and the periodic review processes of various biosphere reserves, the effects of those quality management strategies on the MAB Programme and on the 76 directly affected member states, and the interlinkages between the MAB Programme and other UNESCO designations for nature conservation: the natural World Heritage Sites and the Global Geoparks. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with 31 participants in 21 different countries, representing all UN regions. To showcase the diversity of the World Network of Bio-sphere Reserves, 20 country-specific case studies are presented, highlighting the challenges of implementing the biosphere reserve concept and, more specifically, the periodic review process. Information gleaned from the experts was transcribed and evaluated using a qualitative content analysis method. The results of this study demonstrate major differences worldwide in the implementation biosphere reserves, especially in the case of the national affiliation of the MAB Programme, the legal recognition of biosphere reserves in national legislation, the usage of the term 'bio-sphere reserve' and the governance structures of the biosphere reserves. Of those represented by the case studies, the four countries with the highest number of voluntary biosphere reserves withdrawals after 2013, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria and the United States of America, show that the Exit Strategy contributed to the streamlining and quality enhancement of the world network. The biosphere reserves in those countries were strictly nature conservation areas without human settlements and were designated as such in the 1970s and 1980s. Only post-Seville biosphere reserves remain in those countries. Some experts have pointed out that there appears to be competition for political attention and funding between the three UNESCO labels for nature conservation. While a combination of the designation of biosphere reserves and World Heritage Sites in one place is favoured by experts, Global Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves are seen as being in competition with each other. This study concludes that quality enhancement strategies were fundamental to improving the credibility and coherence of the MAB Programme. Most pre-Seville biosphere reserves were adapted or the member states were encouraged to withdraw them voluntarily. Challenges in implementing the Exit Strategy were not unique to individual countries but applied equally to all member states with pre-Seville sites. Over the course of the quality enhancement process, many UNESCO member states have become more involved with the MAB Programme, which has led to rejuvenation of the national biosphere reserves network in many countries.}, subject = {Naturschutz}, language = {en} } @book{Wiedemann2023, author = {Wiedemann, Cathrin}, title = {Picken, Packen, Radeln? Betriebsformen, Standorte, Arbeitsprozesse und deren Auswirkungen auf Besch{\"a}ftigte im Lebensmittelonlinehandel in Deutschland}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-208-9}, issn = {2196-5811}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-209-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-298886}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {XV, 171}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Lebensmittelonlinehandel in Deutschland gewann, verst{\"a}rkt durch die Covid-19-Pandemie, an Umsatzanteilen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel. Hierdurch wurden neue Anforderungen an Arbeit und Besch{\"a}ftigung in Deutschland geschaffen. Insbesondere in urbanen R{\"a}umen hat die Lebensmittelzustellung durch neu entstandene Betriebsformen zugenommen. So entstehen durch das Versprechen der Betriebe, Lebensmittel in kurzen Zeitr{\"a}umen zu liefern, verschiedene Logistikstandorte und u.a. urbane Fahrradlieferdienste. W{\"a}hrend Medien und Gewerkschaften bereits vor der Entstehung prek{\"a}rer Arbeitsbedingungen warnen, sind die genauen Auswirkungen des Lebensmittelonlinehandels auf die Entwicklung neuer Arbeitsstandorte und die dort stattfindende Besch{\"a}ftigung nur unzureichend bekannt. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Lebensmittelonlinehandel anhand seiner Betriebsformen, Standorte und Arbeitsprozesse sowie deren Auswirkungen auf Besch{\"a}ftigte in Deutschland. Den konzeptionellen Hintergrund bilden Arbeiten der geographischen Handelsforschung sowie Debatten zu Arbeitsplatzqualit{\"a}t und Besch{\"a}ftigung. F{\"u}r die Analyse sind Prim{\"a}rdaten und Sekund{\"a}rdaten erhoben worden. Es zeigt sich, dass teilweise komplexe Betriebsformen entstehen, bei denen sich die Arbeit und Arbeitsorte ver{\"a}ndern. Zudem entstehen neue Herausforderungen f{\"u}r die Besch{\"a}ftigten (u.a. physische und psychische Belastung), welche in dieser Arbeit identifiziert werden.}, subject = {Arbeitsprozess}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Machert2023, author = {Machert, Alina}, title = {Automatisierungsgebote im Verwaltungsverfahren}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-31040}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-310400}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Durch die Einf{\"u}gung des \S 35a VwVfG ist das Verst{\"a}ndnis bez{\"u}glich der Vollautomatisierung gewisser Prozesse nicht mehr gesetzesfremd. Die Schwierigkeit der Transformation rechtlicher Entscheidungsregime in ein vollautomatisiertes, algorithmisches Entscheidungssystem besteht in der notwendigen Abbildung der juristischen Sprache, der Logik und Schlussfolgerung. Das zugrundeliegende Entscheidungsregime des jeweiligen Sachrechts muss in eine formale Sprache {\"u}bersetzt werden, die objektiv, abstrakt und eindeutig formuliert sein muss. Bei den notwendig zu formalisierenden Rechtsbegriffen der so geeigneten Entscheidungsregime hat sich eine Verengung der begrifflichen und inhaltlichen Voraussetzungen in einer Form vollzogen, die eine logische Durchdringung der Tatbestandsmerkmale mittels logikbasierter Repr{\"a}sentationssprache erm{\"o}glichen und eine {\"U}berleitung in ein begriffliches Datenmodell l{\"u}ckenlos erfolgen kann. Die Auslegungsbed{\"u}rftigkeit und Kontextvarianz als Struktur des Rechtssystems tritt in derartig gelagerten F{\"a}llen nahezu vollst{\"a}ndig zur{\"u}ck, was zur Folge hat, dass das Risiko einer „fehlerhaften" Entscheidung des Systems aufgrund einer nicht erw{\"u}nschten Klassifizierung nicht vorliegt. Die Umsetzung dieser Entscheidungsstrukturen erfolgt durch regelbasierte Systeme. Diese sind starr und arbeiten in streng vorgegebenen Grenzen. F{\"u}r die Automatisierung rechtlich relevanter Vorg{\"a}nge ist deren Wert immens, da alleine regelbasierte Systeme in der Lage sind, vollautomatisiert Entscheidungen zu treffen und sich hierbei im Rahmen vertretbarer Risiko{\"u}bernahmen des Staates bewegen. Durch die technische M{\"o}glichkeit des Einsatzes vollautomatisiert ablaufender, regelbasiert arbeitender Entscheidungssysteme ist nicht nur eine zu ber{\"u}cksichtigende Verfahrensgestaltungsalternative, sondern eine Verfahrensermessensreduktion auf Null in Hinblick auf formallogisch aufgebaute gesetzliche Konditionalprogramme entstanden. Dies resultiert aus dem Umstand, dass diese Verfahrensgestaltung rechtm{\"a}ßiges Entscheiden geradezu perpetuiert und gleichsam s{\"a}mtliche das Verfahrensermessen leitende Handlungsdirektiven weitaus optimaler zur Geltung zu bringen vermag als die analoge Bearbeitung durch Amtswaltende.}, subject = {Automation}, language = {de} } @unpublished{Dandekar2023, author = {Dandekar, Thomas}, title = {Analysing the phase space of the standard model and its basic four forces from a qubit phase transition perspective: implications for large-scale structure generation and early cosmological events}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29858}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-298580}, pages = {42}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The phase space for the standard model of the basic four forces for n quanta includes all possible ensemble combinations of their quantum states m, a total of n**m states. Neighbor states reach according to transition possibilities (S-matrix) with emergent time from entropic ensemble gradients. We replace the "big bang" by a condensation event (interacting qubits become decoherent) and inflation by a crystallization event - the crystal unit cell guarantees same symmetries everywhere. Interacting qubits solidify and form a rapidly growing domain where the n**m states become separated ensemble states, rising long-range forces stop ultimately further growth. After that very early events, standard cosmology with the hot fireball model takes over. Our theory agrees well with lack of inflation traces in cosmic background measurements, large-scale structure of voids and filaments, supercluster formation, galaxy formation, dominance of matter and life-friendliness. We prove qubit interactions to be 1,2,4 or 8 dimensional (agrees with E8 symmetry of our universe). Repulsive forces at ultrashort distances result from quantization, long-range forces limit crystal growth. Crystals come and go in the qubit ocean. This selects for the ability to lay seeds for new crystals, for self-organization and life-friendliness. We give energy estimates for free qubits vs bound qubits, misplacements in the qubit crystal and entropy increase during qubit decoherence / crystal formation. Scalar fields for color interaction and gravity derive from the permeating qubit-interaction field. Hence, vacuum energy gets low only inside the qubit crystal. Condensed mathematics may advantageously model free / bound qubits in phase space.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Chakraborty2023, author = {Chakraborty, Adreeta}, title = {Political and Cultural Negotiations with Feminism in India: A Perspective}, series = {Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames}, booktitle = {Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames}, editor = {Jetter, Tobias}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-207-2-51}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305866}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {51-58}, year = {2023}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, subject = {Kulturwissenschaften}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Daub2023, author = {Daub, Jonas}, title = {Der Einfluss von Alter und {\"A}ngstlichkeit auf die Furchtgeneralisierung und die Aufmerksamkeitslenkung bei gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-30010}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300100}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mittels einer klinischen Studie wurden die Furchtgeneralisierung und Aufmerksamkeitslenkung von 44 gesunden Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 9-17 Jahren untersucht. Eine {\"U}bergeneralisierung konditionierter Furcht sowie ver{\"a}nderte Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse werden in zahlreichen Arbeiten mit der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Angsterkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Der Hauptteil der Forschung beschr{\"a}nkte sich bislang auf die Untersuchung von erwachsenen Probanden. Da Angsterkrankungen jedoch h{\"a}ufig bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter entstehen und sich in der Erforschung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen zunehmend eine dimensionale Betrachtungsweise durchsetzt, bestand das Ziel der Studie darin, etwaige Alterseffekte und den Einfluss der {\"A}ngstlichkeit auf die genannten Ph{\"a}nomene bei gesunden Probanden zu untersuchen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurde ein potentiell pr{\"a}ventiver Ansatz erforscht. Im Ergebnis zeigten sich in den Gruppenvergleichen keine relevanten Differenzen. Interessanterweise deutete sich in der Gruppe der {\"a}lteren Probanden entgegen der Erwartung eine verst{\"a}rkte Furchtgeneralisierung an, die wom{\"o}glich mit einer ver{\"a}nderten Beziehung zu Furcht und Risiko in der Adoleszenz zusammenh{\"a}ngt. Aus den Befunden ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit weiterer, prospektiver Arbeiten, um unser Verst{\"a}ndnis der {\"A}tiologie von Angsterkrankungen zu verbessern. Weiterhin ist noch offen, inwiefern es sich bei der {\"U}bergeneralisierung und einer ver{\"a}nderten Aufmerksamkeitslenkung um Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Angsterkrankungen oder vielmehr um Epiph{\"a}nomene handelt, die erst mit Ausbruch der Erkrankung auftreten. Der Einsatz von Methoden der virtuellen Realit{\"a}t erscheint besonders geeignet, diese Prozesse zuk{\"u}nftig noch besser zu erforschen.}, subject = {Angst}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Heeg2023, author = {Heeg, Kathrin}, title = {Stimmpr{\"a}vention bei Lehramtsstudierenden - Evaluation der Maßnahmen im Projekt STARKE-STIMME-\(macht\)-SCHULE am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Sprachheilp{\"a}dagogik der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-30576}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305769}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Studien weisen darauf hin, dass viele berufst{\"a}tige Lehrkr{\"a}fte, jedoch auch bereits ein gewisser Anteil der Lehramtsstudierenden, stimmliche Auff{\"a}lligkeiten haben. Fachvertreter:innen stellen auf Basis dieser Erkenntnislage Forderungen nach stimmpr{\"a}ventiven Maßnahmen im Rahmen des Studiums. Solche Angebote sollen angehende Lehrkr{\"a}fte auf die Stimmbelastung im Beruf vorbereiten und m{\"o}glichen Beschwerden und Erkrankungen vorbeugen. Mit der Arbeit wird das Ziel verfolgt stimmpr{\"a}ventive Maßnahmen, die im Rahmen des Projekts STARKE-STIMME-macht-SCHULE am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Sprachheilp{\"a}dagogik an der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg angeboten werden, einer wissenschaftlichen Evaluation zu unterziehen. Dazu wurden ehemalige Studierende des Lehramts Sprachheilp{\"a}dagogik (N = 49) zu ihrem stimmlichen Befinden mittels Voice Handicap Index (VHI) befragt. Neben den Entwicklungen in dieser Gruppe selbst erfolgten Vergleiche mit Kontrollgruppen: Studierende anderer Fachrichtungen (N = 184) und sonderp{\"a}dagogische Lehrkr{\"a}fte ohne Pr{\"a}vention (N = 38). Dabei zeigt sich, dass die VHI-Werte der studentischen Interventionsgruppe und die der Interventionsgruppe Lehrkr{\"a}fte keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede aufweisen. Vergleiche zwischen beiden Gruppen an Lehrkr{\"a}ften verdeutlichen zwar, dass vorhandene Stimmprobleme gleich h{\"a}ufig auftreten, jedoch ergibt die n{\"a}here Analyse Hinweise auf st{\"a}rker empfundene Einschr{\"a}nkungen in der Kontrollgruppe, z. B. hinsichtlich zwei oder mehr w{\"o}chentlich empfundener Symptomen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem auf, dass die Interventionsgruppe mehr Verhaltensweisen f{\"u}r die Gesunderhaltung der Stimme umsetzt im Vergleich zu den Lehrkr{\"a}ften, die keine Stimmpr{\"a}vention erfahren haben. Somit deuten Aspekte wie eine ausbleibende Verschlechterung der stimmlichen Verfassung mit Eintritt in die Berufst{\"a}tigkeit, das regelm{\"a}ßige Anwenden stimmpr{\"a}ventiver Maßnahmen und eine wirksame Fr{\"u}herkennung die Wirksamkeit der pr{\"a}ventiven Maßnahmen im Rahmen des Projekts STARKE-STIMME-macht-SCHULE an.}, subject = {Stimme}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hanft2023, author = {Hanft, Anna}, title = {Aminotroponiminate: Koordinationschemie, Reaktivit{\"a}t und Redoxverhalten von Alkalimetall-, Silber-, und Bismut-Komplexen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-23204}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232049}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Koordinationschemie, die Reaktivit{\"a}t und das Redoxverhalten von Alkalimetall-, Silber- und Bismut-Aminotroponiminat(ATI)-Komplexen wurde untersucht}, subject = {Reaktivit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zhou2023, author = {Zhou, Yang}, title = {The Exploitation of Opsin-based Optogenetic Tools for Application in Higher Plants}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-23696}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236960}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The discovery, heterologous expression, and characterization of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) - a light-sensitive cation channel found in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - led to the success of optogenetics as a powerful technology, first in neuroscience. ChR2 was employed to induce action potentials by blue light in genetically modified nerve cells. In optogenetics, exogenous photoreceptors are expressed in cells to manipulate cellular activity. These photoreceptors were in the beginning mainly microbial opsins. During nearly two decades, many microbial opsins and their mutants were explored for their application in neuroscience. Until now, however, the application of optogenetics to plant studies is limited to very few reports. Several optogenetic strategies for plant research were demonstrated, in which most attempts are based on non-opsin optogenetic tools. Opsins need retinal (vitamin A) as a cofactor to generate the functional protein, the rhodopsin. As most animals have eyes that contain animal rhodopsins, they also have the enzyme - a 15, 15'-Dioxygenase - for retinal production from food-supplied provitamin A (beta-carotene). However, higher plants lack a similar enzyme, making it difficult to express functional rhodopsins successfully in plants. But plant chloroplasts contain plenty of beta-carotene. I introduced a gene, coding for a 15, 15'-Dioxygenase with a chloroplast target peptide, to tobacco plants. This enzyme converts a molecule of β-carotene into two of all-trans-retinal. After expressing this enzyme in plants, the concentration of all-trans-retinal was increased greatly. The increased retinal concentration led to increased expression of several microbial opsins, tested in model higher plants. Unfortunately, most opsins were observed intracellularly and not in the plasma membrane. To improve their localization in the plasma membrane, some reported signal peptides were fused to the N- or C-terminal end of opsins. Finally, I helped to identify three microbial opsins -- GtACR1 (a light-gated anion channel), ChR2 (a light-gated cation channel), PPR (a light-gated proton pump) which express and work well in the plasma membrane of plants. The transgene plants were grown under red light to prevent activation of the expressed opsins. Upon illumination with blue or green light, the activation of these opsins then induced the expected change of the membrane potential, dramatically changing the phenotype of plants with activated rhodopsins. This study is the first which shows the potential of microbial opsins for optogenetic research in higher plants, using the ubq10 promoter for ubiquitous expression. I expect this to be just the beginning, as many different opsins and tissue-specific promoters for selective expression now can be tested for their usefulness. It is further to be expected that the here established method will help investigators to exploit more optogenetic tools and explore the secrets, kept in the plant kingdom.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hoeflein2023, author = {H{\"o}flein, Felix}, title = {Kinetik der Schistosomen-spezifischen DNA nach Behandlung mit Praziquantel und Bestimmung der Schistosomiasis-Pr{\"a}valenz einer in einem Nicht-Endemiegebiet lebenden Risikopopulation sowie der Evaluation ausgew{\"a}hlter diagnostischer Verfahren}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29790}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297909}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wurden Bewohner/-innen der W{\"u}rzburger Gemeinschaftsunterk{\"u}nfte f{\"u}r Gefl{\"u}chtete auf das Vorliegen einer Schistosomiasis gescreent. Lag eine behandlungsd{\"u}rftige Infektion vor, wurden die Teilnehmenden mit Praziquantel behandelt, um im nachfolgenden Verlauf freiwillig an der Erstellung einer Schistosomen-DNA-Kinetik mitzuwirken. Eine Besonderheit der Studie lag dabei in der fehlenden M{\"o}glichkeit einer Reinfektion, da sich die Betroffenen w{\"a}hrend des Follow-ups in einem Endemie-freien Gebiet aufhielten. F{\"u}r das Screening kamen ein CCA-Urin-Schnelltest sowie ein ICT zum Einsatz. Die Diagnosesicherung wurde durch die Mikroskopie oder die qPCR angestrebt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Kombination von CCA-Test und ICT einen positiven pr{\"a}diktiven Wert von 80 \% f{\"u}r das tats{\"a}chliche Vorliegen einer Schistosomen-Infektion liefert. Die Schistosomiasis-Pr{\"a}valenz der hier untersuchten, in einem Nicht-Endemiegebiet lebenden Risikopopulation, wurde auf 3,9 \% bestimmt und ist im Vergleich zu bisherigen Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen als niedrig anzusehen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass die Pr{\"a}valenz zum Teil deutlich {\"u}bersch{\"a}tzt werden kann, sofern der CCA-Urin-Schnelltest als alleiniges Diagnosekriterium eingesetzt wird (Pr{\"a}valenzCCA = 27,6 \%). Die Erstellung der DNA-Kinetik mittels qPCR zeigte, dass die Behandlung mit Praziquantel einen nach 3 Tagen messbaren, signifikanten (p < 0,05) Anstieg der DNA-Konzentration im Serum zur Folge hatte, welcher im weiteren Verlauf kontinuierlich abfiel. Im Mittel wurde nach 48 Tagen der Schwellenwert der DNA-Konzentration unterschritten, der ohne vorausgegangene Behandlung als positiv und therapiebed{\"u}rftig gewertet worden w{\"a}re. Durch Inter- und Extrapolation der gewonnen Daten, konnte eine Funktion errechnet werden, die den zeitlichen Verlauf des Zerfalls der Schistosomen-DNA beschreibt und somit zur Ermittlung weiterer Therapie- und Kontrollm{\"o}glichkeit der Schistosomiasis beitragen kann.}, subject = {Schistosomiasis}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Deutschmann2023, author = {Deutschmann, Sally}, title = {Prävalenz und Epidemiologie von Infektionen mit \(Neisseria\) \(gonorrhoeae\) und deren Resistenzlage gegen{\"u}ber Cephalosporinen der dritten Generation bei tansanischen Patientinnen und Patienten mit bestehender HIV-Infektion eines Referenzkrankenhauses im Nordwesten Tansanias}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-31773}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317735}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Prävalenz von Infektionen mit Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) bei HIV-positiven Patientinnen und Patienten einer auf HIV-Infektionen spezialisierten Klinik in Mwanza im Nordwesten Tansani- as erwies sich mit 0,4\% bei Männern und 3,9\% bei Frauen als relativ niedrig. In dieser aktuellen Studie gab es unter Verwendung molekularer Antibiotikaresistenz(AMR)-Tests keine Hinweise auf eine Resistenz gegen Cephalosporine der dritten Generation. Weitere Kontrollen und Entwicklungen von NG- und AMR-Tests m{\"u}ssen implementiert werden. Molekulare Diagnoseverfahren auf der Basis von Urinproben als diagnostisches Material zum Nachweis von NG weisen wesentliche Vorteile f{\"u}r das Screening auf. Die Durchf{\"u}hrung eines Urinstreifentests hatte keinen positiven Vorhersagewert bez{\"u}glich einer Infektion mit NG oder einer AMR. K{\"u}nftige Untersuchungen sind anzuregen, um einerseits eine exaktere Angabe der Prävalenzraten und Risikofaktoren von Infektionen mit NG sowie deren Resistenzlage zu ermöglichen und andererseits eine effizientere Versorgung bzw. Behandlung der Gonorrhoe gewährleisten zu können.}, subject = {HIV}, language = {de} }