@article{ChristlLangReimannetal.1984,
  author    = {Christl, Manfred and Lang, R. and Reimann, W. and Irngartinger, H.},
  title     = {Darstellung und R{\"o}ntgenstrukturanalyse des Diels-Alder-Addukts von 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion an Octavalen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58162},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ChristlLeiningerKemmer1984,
  author    = {Christl, Manfred and Leininger, H. and Kemmer, P.},
  title     = {{\"U}ber das cis-Glycol und das Epoxid des Benzvalens},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58174},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Organische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GesslerBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Gessler, Manfred and Barnekow, Angelika},
  title     = {Differential expression of the cellular oncogenes c-src and c-yes in embryonal and adult chicken tissues},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59289},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The cellular onc-genes c-src and c-yes are expressed very differently during chicken embryonic development. The c-src mRNA and its translational product are detectable at high levels in brain extracts of chicken embryos and adult chickens, whereas muscle extracts show an age-dependent decrease in the amounts of c-src-specific mRNA and pp60<sup>c-src</sup> kinase activity. In contrast, the Ievels of c-yes mRNA in brain, heart, and muscle are relatively low in early embryonic stages and increase later on to values comparable to those found for liver, while in adult animals the pattern of c-yes expression is similar to that of the c-src gene. From the close correlation between the Ievels of pp60<sup>c-src</sup>, its enzymatic activity, and its corresponding mRNA at a given stage of development and in given tissues, it appears that the expression of pp60<sup>c-src</sup> is primarily controlled at the level of transcription. It is suggested that because of the different patterns of expression, the two cellular oncogenes, c-src and c-yes, play different roles in cell proliferation during early embryonic stages as weil as in ensuing differentiation processes.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchenkLeissnerBurschka1984,
  author    = {Schenk, Wolfdieter A. and Leissner, Johanna and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Stabilisierung von Schwefelmonoxid durch Koordination an {\"U}bergangsmetalle},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-57848},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ArendsSebald1984,
  author    = {Arends, H. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {Nucleotide sequence of the cloned mRNA and gene of the ADP/ATP carrier from Neurospora crassa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62684},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {A cDNA complementary to the mRNA of the ADPIATP carrier from Neurospora crassa was identified among ordered cDNA clones by hybridizing total polyadenylated RNA to pools of 96 cDNA recombinant plasmids and subsequent cellfree translation of hybridization-selected mRNA. Further carrier cDNAs were found by colony fdter hybridization at a frequency of 0.2-0.3\%. The gene of the carrier was cloned and isolated on a 4.6-kbp EcoRl fragment of total Neurospora DNA, and the start of the mRNA was determined by Sl nuclease mapping. From the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA and the genomic DNA, the primary structure of the gene, of the mRNA and of the ADP I ATP carrier protein could be deduced. The gene occurs in a single copy in the genome and related genes are absent. It contains two short introns, and a pyrimidine-rieb promoter region. The mRNA has a 46-bp 5 1 end and a 219-bp 3 1 end. There is an open reading frame coding for the 313 amino acid residues of the Neurospora carrier protein. The amino acid sequence is homologous in 148 positions with the established primary structure of the beef heart carrier.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VeloursEsparzaHoppeetal.1984,
  author    = {Velours, J. and Esparza, M. and Hoppe, J. and Sebald, Walter and Guerin, B.},
  title     = {Amino acid sequence of a new mitochondrially synthesized proteolipid of the ATP synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62695},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The purification and the amino acid sequence of a proteolipid translated on ribosomes in yeast mitochondria is reported. This protein, which is a subunit of the A TP synthase, was purified by extraction with chloroform/methanol (2/1) and subsequent chromatography on phosphocellulose and reverse phase h.p.l.c. A mol. wt. of 5500 was estimated by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-30 in 8011/o fonnie acid. The complete amino acid sequence of this protein was determined by automated solid phase Edman degradation of the whole protein and of fragments obtained after cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The sequence analysis indicates a length of 48 amino acid residues. The calculated mol. wt. of 5870 corresponds to the value found by gel chromatography. This polypeptide contains three basic residues and no negatively charged side chain. The three basic residues are clustered at the C terminus. The primary structure of this protein is in full agreement with the predicted amino acid sequence of the putative polypeptide encoded by the mitochondrial aap1 gene recently discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, this protein shows 5011/o homology with the amino acid sequence of a putative polypeptide encoded by an unidentified reading frame also discovered near the mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 genein Aspergillus nidulans.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtWachterSebaldetal.1984,
  author    = {Schmidt, B. and Wachter, E. and Sebald, Walter and Neupert, W.},
  title     = {Processing peptidase of Neurospora mitochondria. Two-step cleavage of imported ATPase subunit 9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62674},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Subunit 9 (dicyclohexylcarbod{\"u}mide binding protein, 'proteolipid') of the mitochondrial F 1F0-ATPase is a nuclearly coded protein in Neurospora crassa. lt is synthesized on free cytoplasmic ribosomes as a larger precursor with an NH2-terminal peptide extension. The peptide extension is cleaved ofT after transport of the protein into the mitochondria. A processing activity referred to as processing peptidase that cleaves the precursor to subunit 9 and other mitochondrial proteins is described and characterized using a cell-free system. Precursor synthesized in vitro was incubated with extracts of mitochondria. Processing peptidase required Mn2 + for its activity. Localization studies suggested that it is a soluble component of the mitochondrial matrix. The precursor was cleaved in two sequential steps via an intermediate-sized polypeptide. The intermediate form in the processing of subunit 9 was also seen in vivo and upon import of the precursor into isolated mitochondria in vitro. The two dcavage sites in the precursor molecule were determined. The data indicate that: {a) the correct NH2-terminus of the mature protein was generated, (b) the NH2-terminal amino acid of the intermediate-sized polypeptide is isoleueine in position -31. The cleavage sites show similarity ofprimary structure. It is concluded that processing peptidase removes the peptide extension from the precursor to subunit 9 (and probably other precursors) after translocation of these polypeptides (or the NHrterminal part of these polypeptides) into the matrix space of mitochondria.},
  subject      = {Biochemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, A.},
  title     = {Differential expression of the cellular src gene during vertebrate development},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61893},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, A.},
  title     = {Cellular src gene product detected in the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61904},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiehlSchartl1984,
  author    = {Riehl, R. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {A Transmission Electron Microscopical and Freeze-Etch Study of Malignant-Melanoma in Fish},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61916},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiehlSchartlKollinger1984,
  author    = {Riehl, R. and Schartl, Manfred and Kollinger, G.},
  title     = {Comparative studies on the ultrastructure of malignant melanoma in fish and human by freeze-etching and transmission electron microscopy},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61920},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Malignant melanomas (MM) in the fish Xiphophorus and in humans were studied both by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and freeze-etching (FE). In both fish and human melanomas the cells show interdigitations of the,plasma membranes. The nuclei are large and lobulated and have many nuclear pores. Melanosomes are abundant and melanosome complexes ("compound melanosomes") occur regularly. Pinocytotic vesicles could be demonstrated in fish and human melanomas showing iocal differences in frequency and distribution patterns in the tumor. lntercellular junctions are lacking in MM cells from fish and humans. The FE technique showed considerable advantages in demonstrating membrane-surface peculiarities such as nuclear pores or pinocytotic vesicles. The FE replicas of fish melanomas are like those of humans. These findings may support the hypothesis that melanoma in fish and humans reflect the same biological phenomenon.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UlrichsSchangKelleretal.1984,
  author    = {Ulrichs, Karin and Schang, T. and Keller, R. and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, W.},
  title     = {Reactivity of pancreas islet cells with antisera of known specificity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45466},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchauliesKnauerHuenigetal.1984,
  author    = {Schneider-Schaulies, J{\"u}rgen and Knauer, R. and H{\"u}nig, T. and Schimpl, A. and Wecker, E.},
  title     = {Induction of c-onc expression in polyclonally activated mouse lymphocytes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54784},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Lymphozyt},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SirenPaakkari1984,
  author    = {Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena and Paakkari, I.},
  title     = {Cardiovascular effects of TRH i.c.v. in conscious rats},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49071},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {In addition to the endocrine effects, the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is known to induce dose-dependent increases in blood pressure and heart rate after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in urethane-anaesthetised rats (1, 2). The a~ of the present study was to investigate whether TRH has similar effects in conscious rats of various strains i.e. spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar (NR) rats.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WernerOttoTrietal.1984,
  author    = {Werner, H. and Otto, H. and Tri, Ngo Khac and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Synthese und Eigenschaften neuer Kupfer- und Gold- Komplexe des Typs C\(_5\)H\(_5\)MPR\(_3\), C\(_5\)Me\(_5\)MPR\(_3\) und R"C\(_2\)MPR\(_3\)(M=Cu,Au)sowie die Kristallstruktur von C\(_5\)H\(_5\)AuPPr\(_3\)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46666},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoffmannBurschka1984,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Gerhard G. and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Diphenylalkylthio- und Diphenylarylthio-Gallanen : Kristallstruktur von Diphenylethylthiogallan},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46612},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Triphenylgallan reagiert mit Alkyl- bzw. Arylthiolen unter Bildung der entsprechenden Diphenylalkyl- und Diphenylarylthiogallane. Spektren sowie einige physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften der neuen Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt. Die Ergebnisse der R{\"o}ntgenstrukturuntersuchung von Diphenylethylthiogallan werden diskutiert.},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WernerKletzinBurschka1984,
  author    = {Werner, H. and Kletzin, H. and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Aromaten(Phosphan)Metall-Komplexe: VIII. Syntese und Struktur eines Diaromatenruthenium-Komplexes mit Pi-gebundenem Triphenylphosphan-Liganden},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46627},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WieberWirthBurschka1984,
  author    = {Wieber, Markus and Wirth, Dieter and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Synthese und Struktur einiger Methyl(dicarboxilato)stibane},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46741},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{UlrichsYuDunckeretal.1984,
  author    = {Ulrichs, Karin and Yu, MY and Duncker, D. and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, W.},
  title     = {Immunosuppression by cytostatic drugs?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45574},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {In the present study, an attempt was made to characterize the immunomodulating abilities of the cytostatic drugs cydophosphamide, ifosfamide, vinblastine, vincristine, procarbazine, dacarbazine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, 5-f/uor-uracil and adriamycine in a defined experimental model. Varying combinations of drug plus transplantation alloantigen, (C3H-lymphocytes) were injected into Balb/c mice at different time intervals in vivo. The resulting T-effector cell reactivity was determined in vitro with the microcytotoxicity assay on day + 5 for primary (r) and day + 7 for secondary (2°) sensitized mice. According to the type of drug (alkylating agent vs. vinca alkaloid vs. antimetabolite vs. cytostatic antibiotic), the dosage (20\% LD50 vs. 60\% LD50), the state of sensitization (r vs. 2° sensitized recipients), and the time of drug application in relation to the antigen treatment on day 0 (in varying steps from day -6 to day +4), so-called "pharmaconantigen- variation-effects" (PA VE) were established for each of the investigated drugs in form of reaction profiles. The results were as folIows: (1) For almost alt substances, characteristic reaction profiles involving immunostimulation and/or immunosuppression could be established. Similarities in the profiles of different substances made it possible to classify the drugs according to different reaction types. The reaction type however is not definitely correlated to the biochemical mechanism of drug action. (2) The PA VE are decisively inf/uenced by so me of the biological parameters, such as the time of drug application in relation to the antigen treatment and the state of sensitization but relatively !ittle by the dosage of the drug. (3) Considering the different processes occurring du ring primary and secondary immune responses, the PAVE may give hints for a distinct manipulation of the immunoregulation and thus information on the immunobiological mechanism of drug action.},
  subject      = {Immunologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WernerWernerBurschka1984,
  author    = {Werner, Helmut and Werner, Reiner and Burschka, Christian},
  title     = {Aromaten(phosphan)metall-Komplexe, V: zur Addition von Carbanionen an (Benzol)ruthenium(II)- und -osmium(II)-Komplexe. Kristall- und Molek{\"u}lstruktur von (exo-6-n-C4H9-Pi5-C6H6)OsI(PMe3)2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46652},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HuberLutz1984,
  author    = {Huber, K. W. and Lutz, Werner K.},
  title     = {Methylation of DNA in stomach and small intestine of rats after oral administration of methylamine and nitrite},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60984},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 30 \(\mu\)mol/kg body weight [\(^{14}\)C]methylamine hydrochloride and 700 \(\mu\)mol/ kg body weight sodium nilrite by oral gavage. DNA isolated from the stomach and from the first 15 cm of the smaß intestine was methylated, containing 7-methylguanine (7mG) at a level of one 7mG molecule per 5x10\8^6\) and lx10\(^7\) nucleotides, respectively. No 7mG was found fn the liver at a limit of detection of one 7mG molecule per 2xl0\(^8\) nucleotides. ln a second experiment, the excised stomachs were incubated with deoxyribonuclease before the isolation of the DNA in order to degrade DNA in the Iumen and in the uppermost lining cells. This treatment resulted in a 30\% decrease in the yield of DNA and a 90\% reduction in the level of 7mG formation. The results show that nitrosation of a primary alkylamine yields a precursor of an alkylating agent which has a long enough lifetime to diffuse towards and react with intracellular DNA. A correlation of DNA methylation in the stomach with the corresponding tumor formation by the methylating carcinogen N-methyi-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine was used to estimate the roJe of DNA damage resulting from endogenous nitrosation of dietary methylamine in man. It was concluded that the risk resulting from this single amine must be negligible bot that a similar evaluation of other primary amines is required before the over-aU role of primary amine nitrosation in the etiology of human gastric cancer can be assessed.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaviezelLutzMininietal.1984,
  author    = {Caviezel, M. and Lutz, Werner K. and Minini, U. and Schlatter, C.},
  title     = {Interaction of estrone and estradiol with DNA and protein of liver and kidney in rat and hamster in vivo and in vitro},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60995},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {(6,7-\(^3\)H] Estrone (E) and [6,7-\(^3\)H]estradiol-17ß (E\(_2\)) have been synthesized by reduction of 6-dehydroestrone and 6-dehydroestradiol with tritium gas. Tritiated E and E\(_2\) were administered by oral gavage to female rats and to male and female hamsters on a dose level of about 300 \(\mu\)g/kg (54 mCi/kg). After 8 h, the liver was excised from the rats; liver and kidneys were taken from the hamsters. DNA was purified either directly from an organ homogenate or via chromatin. The radioactivity in the DNA was expressed in the units of the Covalent Binding Index, CBI = (\(\mu\)mol chemical bound per mol Similar considerations can be made for the liver where any true covalent DNA binding must be below a Ievel of 0.01. It is concluded that an observable tumor induction by estrone or estradiol is unlikely to be due to DNA binding. DNA-P)/(mmol chemical administered per kg b.w.). Rat liver DNA isolated via chromatin exhibited the very low values of 0.08 and 0.09 for E and E\(_2\) respectively. The respective figures in hamster liver were 0.08 and 0.11 in females and 0.21 and 0.18 in the males. DNA isolated from the kidney revealed a detectable radioactivity only in the female, with values of 0.03 and 0.05 for E and E\(_2\) respectively. The values for male hamster kidney were < 0.01 for both hormones. The minute radioactivity detectable in the DNA samples does not represent covalent binding to DNA, however, as indicated by' two sets of control experiments. (A) Analysis by HPLC of the nucleosides prepared by enzyme digest of liver DNA isolated directly or via chromatin did not reveal any consistent peak which could have been attributed to a nucleoside-steroid adduct. (B) All DNA radioactivity could be due to protein contaminations, because the specific activity of chromatin protein was determined to be more than 3 ,000 tim es high er than of DNA. The high affinity of the hormone to protein was also demonstrated by in vitro incubations, where it could be shown that the specific activity of DNA and protein was essentially proportional to the concentration of radiolabelled hormone in the organ homogenate, regardless of whether the animal was treated or whether the hormone was added in vitro to the homogenate. Carcinogens acting by covalent DNA binding can be classified according to potency on the basis of the Covalent Binding Index. Values of 10\(^3\)-10\(^4\) have been found for potent, 10\(^2\) for moderate, and 1-10 for weak carcinogens. Since estrone is moderately carcinogenic for the kidney of the male hamster, a CBI of about 100 would be expected. The actually measured Iimit of detection of 0.01 places covalent DNA binding among the highly unlikely mechanisms of action.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DaenikenLutzJaeckhetal.1984,
  author    = {D{\"a}niken, A. von and Lutz, Werner K. and J{\"a}ckh, R. and Schlatter, C.},
  title     = {Investigation of the potential for binding of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) to liver DNA in vivo},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61004},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Investigation of the Potential for Binding of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and Di(2- ethylhexyl) Adipate (DEHA) to Liver DNA in Vivo. VON D{\"A}NIKEN, A., LUTZ, W. K., J{\"A}CKH, R., AND ScHLATTER, C. (1984). Toxico/. App/. Pharmaco/. 73, 373-387. It was the aim oftbis investigation to determine whether covalent binding of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to rat liver DNA and of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) to mouse liver DNA could be a mechanism of action contributing to the observed induction of liver tumors after lifetime feeding of the respective rodent species with high doses of DEHP and DEHA. For this purpose, DEHP and DEHA radiolabeled in different parts of the molecule were administered orally to female rats and mice, respectively, with or witbout pretreatment for 4 weeks with 1\% unlabeled compound in the diet. Liver DNA was isolated after 16 hr and analyzed for radioactivity. The data were converted to a covalent binding index, CBI = (micromoles of substance bound per mole of DNA nucleotides)/(millimoles of substance applied per kilogram body weight), in order to allow a quantitative comparison also with other carcinogens and noncarcinogens. Administration of [\(^{14}\)H]carboxylate-labeled DEHP to rats resulted in no measurable DNA radioactivity. The Iimit of detection, CBI < 0.02 was about 100 times below the CBI of compounds where an observable tumor-inducing potential could be due to genotoxicity. With [\(^{14}\)C]- and [\(^{3}\)H]DEHP labeled in the alcohol moiety, radioactivity was clearly measurable in rat liver DNA. HPLC analysis of enzyme-degraded or acid-hydrolyzed DNA revealed that the natural nucleosides or purine bases were radiolabeled whereas no radioactivity was detectable in those fractions where tbe carcinogenmodified nucleoside or base adducts are expected. The respective Iimits of detection were at 0.07 and 0.04 CBI units for the \(^{14}\)C and \(^{3}\)H Iabels, respectively. The experiments with [\(^{14}\)C]- and [\(^{3}\)H]DEHA, labeled in the alcobol moiety and administered to mice, revealed aminute radioactivity of <50 dpm/mg liver DNA, too little to allow a nucleoside analysis to determine that fraction of the radioactivity which bad been incorporated via biosynthesis. Expressed in the CBI units, values of 0.05 to 0.15 for \(^{14}\)C and 0.01 to 0.12 for \(^{3}\)H resulted. Determination of the level· of \(^{14}\)C02 expiration revealed a linear correlation with the speciftc activity of DNA. Experiments with 2-ethyl[ 1-\(^{14}\)C]hexanol perfonned with both rats and mice allowed the conclusion tbat most if not all DEHA radioactivity in mouse liver DNA was due to biosynthetic incorporation. A maximum possible true DNA binding by DEHA must be below CBI 0.01. Pretreatment of the animals witb unlabeled compound bad no effect on the DNA radioactivities in either species. The present negative data, in conjunction witb other negative short-term tests for mutagenicity, strongly indicate that covalent interaction with DNA is highly unlikely to be the mode of tumorigenic action of DEHP and DEHA in rodents.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HuberLutz1984,
  author    = {Huber, K. W. and Lutz, Werner K.},
  title     = {Methylation of DNA by incubation with methylamine and nitrite},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61011},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {DNA was incubated in septum-closed reaction vials with [\(^{14}\)C]methylamine and nitrite. The DNA was purified, hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid, and the purines were analysed by h.p.l.c. 7-Methylguanine was detectable as a result of DN A methylation in experiments perfonned in 100 mM acetate at pH 4. Using different concentrations of amine and nitrite a first order reaction for total amine and a second order for total nilrite could be shown. A study on the pH dependence using 100 mM malonate buffer, pH 2.0-6.0, revealed a maximum rate at pH 3.5, with steep slopes above and below this pH value, in agreement with a mathematical analysis of the reaction equations. The data show that the alkylating agent fonned spontaneously by nitrosation and deamination of a primary amine has a long enough lifetime to react with DNA in vitro. Using the reactioil orders established here, an extrapolation to lower concentrations found in the stomach can now be perfonned. Future in vivo experiments on the methylation of gastro-intestinal DNA then would show to what extent DNA in a cell is protected from alkylation.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LutzBuesserSagelsdorff1984,
  author    = {Lutz, Werner K. and B{\"u}sser, M. T. and Sagelsdorff, P.},
  title     = {Potency of carcinogens derived from covalent DNA binding and stimulation of DNA synthesis in rat liver},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61026},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {~n order to investigate the role of the stimu~ation of ceU division for the initiation (and possi:bly promotion) of live·r tumors by chemical carcinogens, the incorporation of radiolabeUed thymidine into liver DNA was dete:rmined in male rats. Single doses of various level!s of af.latoxin 81, benzidine and carbon tetrachloride (aU known to be genotoxic via DNA binding} did not affect cell division, whereas several hepatoca:rcinogens known not to bind to DNA (alphaHCH, dofibrate, and 2,3;7,8-t!etrachlorodiibenzo~p~dioxin) gave rise to a dosedependent stimulation of Ii ver DNA synthesis within 24 h. An equation combining the infl.uences of mitotic stimu:lation, expressed as dose required to double the contro~ Ievei of DNA synthesis, and DNA binding potency, exp:ressed as t.he Covalent Binding Index, correliated weil with the cardnogenk potency for both dasses of hepatocardnogens.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TackeStreckerLambrechtetal.1984,
  author    = {Tacke, Reinhold and Strecker, M. and Lambrecht, G. and Moser, U. and Mutschler, E.},
  title     = {Bioisosterer C/Si-Austausch bei Parasympatholytika vom Typ des Pridinols},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63766},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Die Synthese der (2·Aminoethyl)diphenylsilanole 3b und 4b wird beschrieben. Die parasympatholytischen Eigenschaften der CISi-Paare la/lb-4a/4b wurden am isolierten Ileum des Meerschweinchens untersucht. In allen F{\"a}llen f{\"u}hrt der C/Si-Austausch zu einer Zunahme der Affinit{\"a}t zum Muskarin-Rezeptor.},
  subject      = {Anorganische Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchneiderTreiber1984,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang and Treiber, Bernhard},
  title     = {Classroom differences in the determination of achievement changes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61991},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {This study addresses three themes that recur in the research on student achievement: (a) developmental modeling ofintraindividual changes in achievement over time; (b) examination of the differences among subgroups within a classroom in the determinants of achievement; (c) description of the interactions among instructional variables in determining achievement differences. Eight classrooms were preselected on the basis of their widely differing slopes obtained in a regression analysis of pre- and posttest achievement scores. Mathematics achievement differences among sixth graders were analyzed in a four-wave design and explained by aptitude and instructional variables in a structural equation framework provided by LISREL. The results demonstrate the local nature of achievement models in that neither their measurement nor structural components proved generalizable across both groups of classrooms. Mention is also made, however, of technical problems and analytical ambiguities in the interpretation of these results.},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LohseKlotzUkenaetal.1984,
  author    = {Lohse, M. J. and Klotz, K.-N. and Ukena, D. and Schwabe, U.},
  title     = {Characterization of \([^3H]\)Phenobarbital Binding to Rat Brain Membranes},
  series = {Neuroscience Letters},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Neuroscience Letters},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127894},
  pages     = {97-101},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The binding of \([^3H]\)phenobarbital to rat brain membranes was studied in order to determine its characteristics and specificity. The binding reaction was rapid and occurred at sites of low affinity. \((K_d = 700 μM)\) and very high density \((B_{max} = 2.7 nmoll/mg protein)\). It was unaffected by temperature changes from O°C to 95°C and was maximal at pH 5. Detergents in low concentrations markedly decreased the binding, apparently without solubilizing the binding sites. It is concluded that the binding of \([^3H]\) phenobarbital is a rather non-specific interaction with the plasma membrane.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SimonMollPresteretal.1984,
  author    = {Simon, Markus M. and Moll, Heidrun and Prester, Marlot and Nerz, Gaby and Eichmann, Klaus},
  title     = {Immunoregulation by mouse T-cell clones. I. Suppression and amplification of cytotoxic responses by cloned H-Y-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30892},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {H-Y-specific and H-2Db-restricted, Lyt-1 "2+ T-cell clones (CTLL) with graded specific cytotoxic activities on male C57BL/6 (B6) target cells (1E3, +++; 2C5, ++; 2A5, +, 3E6, ±) were tested for their capacity to inhibit the generation of H-Y-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro. Addition of irradiated lymphocytes of CTLL 1E3 and CTLL 3E6 but not those of CTLL 2A5 or CTLL 2C5 abolished the generation of CTL from in vivo primed H-Y-specific precursor cells (CTLP) when added to fresh mixed-lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Exogenous sources of T-cell growth factors (TCGF) did not overcome suppression. Rather the presence of TCGF resulted in a further enhancement of suppressive activities in CTLL 1E3 and 3E6 and the induction of similar activities in cells from CTLL 2A5 and 2C5, which by themselves were not inhibitory. Moreover when added to similar MLC on Day 1 instead of Day 0, only irradiated cells of CTLL 3E6 but not those of the other three CTLL were suppressive. Induction of suppressive activities in H-Y-specific CTLL was independent of the appropriate male stimulator cells since it was also observed in MLC induced by irrelevant antigens (H-2, trinitrophenol). Furthermore at low cell numbers, irradiated lymphocytes from any of the CTLL consistently enhanced CTL activities generated from H-Y-specific CTLP. This augmenting activity, which was not TCGF, could be transferred by soluble mediators present in antigen-sensitized CTLL cultures. Thus, these data indicate (i) that cytotoxic effector cells can function as suppressor cells in the generation of CTL, (ii) that the cytotoxic activity of cloned CTL does not correlate with their capacity to suppress CTL responses, (iii) that the inhibition of CTL responses by CTLL is not due to simple consumption of T-cell growth factors produced in MLC, and (iv) that different CTL clones may interfere with the generation of CTL at different stages of their maturation. Moreover, the experiments suggest an antigen-independent enhancement of suppression by the interaction of CTL with lymphokines. Together with the augmenting activity evoked by cloned CTL the data provide strong evidence for the expression of multiple immunological functions by one particular subset of T cells and suggest that cytotoxic effector cells can differentially regulate the maturation and/or clonal expression of their precursor cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{OPUS4-3481,
  title     = {Jahresbericht 1983},
  organization    = {Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek W{\"u}rzburg},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42263},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Die Entwicklung der Universit{\"a}tsbibliothek W{\"u}rzburg im Jahr 1983.},
  subject      = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Klawitter1984,
  author    = {Klawitter, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Charles Sanders Peirce: Realit{\"a}t, Wahrheit, Gott: Einblicke in Leben und Werk des Begr{\"u}nders des Pragmatismus},
  isbn      = {3-88479-194-X},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44271},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Charles S. Peirce},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{KlosEllgring1984,
  author    = {Klos, Thomas and Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Sprechgeschwindigkeit und Sprechpausen von Depressiven},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41977},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1984,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {The study of nonverbal behavior and its applications: State of the art in Europe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42997},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{WarburgLinsenmairBercovitz1984,
  author    = {Warburg, M. R. and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Bercovitz, K.},
  title     = {The effect of climate on the distribution and abundance of isopods},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44473},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Climate affects both the distribution and abundance of isopods. Humidity and moisture affect their activity and distribution. Survival of juveniles is largely dependent on moisture. The reproductive pattern is affected by temperature and light. Food affects growth and thus, indirectly, also reproduction, as larger females tend to produce larger broods and more frequent broods than smaller ones. Generally in isopods there is little evidence to suggest that food is a very important factor affecting their abundance. Both semelparity and iteroparity are found in isopods and both reproductive strategies are apparently successful. Mortality factors affect the oocytes, the marsupial stages, and most of all the newly released individuals . Apart from climatic factors, predation and, to a lesser extent, parasitism are the main causes of mortality. Longevity of isopods ranges from one to five years. Occasional population explosions ofisopods are known to take place, their cause being unknown.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheerSchmidtZachmannHuegleetal.1984,
  author    = {Scheer, Ulrich and Schmidt-Zachmann, Marion S. and H{\"u}gle, Barbara and Franke, Werner W.},
  title     = {Identification and localization of a novel nucleolar protein of a high molecular weight by a monoclonal antibody},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39786},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {A monoclonal murine antibody (No-I 14) is described which reacts specifically with a polypeptide of molecular weight (M,) 180000 present in low-speed nuclear pellets from oocytes and somatic cells of Xenopus laevis and X. borealis and in isolated amplified nucleoli. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has revealed the acidic nature of this polypeptide (isoelectric at pH of ca 4.2 in the presence of 9.5 M urea). A relatively large proportion of the protein is extracted at elevated ionic strength( i.e., at 0.4-0.5 M alkali salt) in a form sedimenting at approx. 7-8S , compatible with a monomeric state. It is also extracted by digestion with RNase but not with DNase. In immunofluorescence microscopy, antibody No-114 stains intensely nucleoli of oocytes and all somatic cells examined , including the residual nucleolar structure of Xenopus erythrocytes which are transcriptionally inactive. During mitosis the antigen does not remain associated with the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) of chromosomes but is released and dispersed over the cytoplasm until telophase when it re-associates with the reforming interphase nucleoli. At higher resolution the immunofluorescent region is often resolved into a number of distinct subnucleolar components of varied size and shape. Immunoelectron microscopy using colloidal gold-coupled secondary antibodies reveals that the M, 180000 protein is confined to the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus. This conclusion is also supported by its localization in the fibrillar part of segregated nucleoli of cells treated with actinomycin D. We conclude that nucleoli contain a prominent protein of M, 180000 which contributes to the general structure of the dense fibrillar component of the interphase nucleolus , independent of its specific transcriptional activity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Koenig1984,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Dorothea},
  title     = {Die glagolitische Druckerei von Rijeka und ihr historisches Knižice od žitije rimskih arhierov i cesarov / G{\"u}nther Tutschke},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38584},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {G{\"u}nther Tutschke, Die glagolitische Druckerei von Rijeka und ihr historisches Knižice od žitije rimskih arhierov i cesarov, M{\"u}nchen, 1983},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Koenig1984,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Dorothea},
  title     = {Die "Davidias" des Marko Marulic / Winfried Baumann},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38576},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Winfried Baumann, Die "Davidias" des Marko Marulic, Frankfurt, 1984},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Koenig1984,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Dorothea},
  title     = {Materialien zu den Fragmenten des Mihanovic-Homiliars},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-38566},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {ru}
}
@article{KnappHackerThenetal.1984,
  author    = {Knapp, Stefan and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Then, Irene and M{\"u}ller, Dorothee and Goebel, Werner},
  title     = {Multiple copies of hemolysin genes and associated sequences in the chromosome of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40278},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The 06 serogroup Escherichia coli strain 536 carries two hemolysin (hly) determinants integrated into the chromosome. The two hly determinants are not completely identical, either functionally or structurally, as demonstrated by spontaneous deletion mutants carrying only one of them and by cloning each of the two determinants separately into cosmid vectors. Each hly determinant is independently deleted at a frequency of 10-4 , leading to variants which exhibit similar levels of internal hemolysin but different amounts of secreted hemolysin. The two hly determinants were also identified in the 04 E. coli strain 519. The three E. coli strains 251, 764, and 768, which belong to the serogroup 018, and the 04 strain 367 harbor a single chromosomal hly determinant, as demonstrated by hybridization with hly-gene-specific probes. However, a hybridization probe derived from a sequence adjacent to the hlyC-proximal end of the plasmid pHlyl52-encoded hly determinant hybridizes with several additional chromosomal bands in hemolytic 018 and 06 E. coli strains and even in E. coli K-12. The size ofthe probe causing the multiple hybridization suggests a 1,500- to 1,800-base pair sequence directly flanking hlyC. Spontaneous hemolysin-negative mutants were isolated from strains 764 and 768, which had lost the entire hly determinant but retained all copies of the hlyC-associated sequence. This sequence is not identical to a previously identified (J. Hacker, S. Knapp, and W. Goebel, J. Bacteriol. 154:1145-1154, 1983) somewhat smaller (about 850 base pairs) sequence flanking the other (hlyBb-proximal) end of the plasmid pHlyl52-encoded hly determinant which, as shown here, exists also in multiple copies in these hemolytic E. coli strains and in at least two copies in E. coli K-12. In contrast to the plasmid-encoded hly determinant which is directly flanked at both ends by these two diJJerent sequences, the chromosomal hly determinants are not immediately flanked by such sequences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlbertBerningBurschkaetal.1984,
  author    = {Albert, Bernhard and Berning, Wilfried and Burschka, Christian and H{\"u}nig, Siegfried and Prokschy, Frank},
  title     = {Azobr{\"u}cken aus Azinen, IV. Intramolekulare [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition zwischen parallelen C = C- und N = N-Bindungen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31314},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {In den starren Molek{\"u}len 1- 10 reagieren die benachbarten parallelen C = C- und N = N-Bindungen nahezu quantitativ unter Photocyclisierung lU den l,2-Diazetidinen 11-10, deren Struktur spektroskopisch und f{\"u}r 13 durch Kristallstrukturanalyse bewiesen wird. Die in Abwesenheit der C = C-Bindung beobachtete Photo-Denitrogenierung unterbleibt selbst bei den empfindlichen Derivaten des 2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.2.11heptens. Photocyclisierung von 6 mit lwei zur N=N· Bindung benachbarten C=C-Bindungen tritt nur mit der Norbornendoppelbindung ein.},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ScheerHinssenFrankeetal.1984,
  author    = {Scheer, Ulrich and Hinssen, Horst and Franke, Werner W. and Jockusch, Brigitte M.},
  title     = {Microinjection of actin-binding proteins and actin antibodies demonstrates involvement of nuclear actin in transcription of lampbrush chromosomes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39706},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Nuclei of amphibian oocytes contain large amounts of actin, mostly in unpolymerized or short-polymer form. When antibodies to actin or actin-binding proteins (fragmin and the actin modulator from mammalian smooth muscle) are injected into nuclei of living oocytes of Pleurodeles waltlii, transcription of the lampbrush chromosomes, but not of the rRNA genes, is inhibited. When transcription is repressed by drugs or RNA is digested by microinjection of RNAase into oocyte nuclei, an extensive meshwork of actin filament bundles is seen in association with the isolated lampbrush chromosomes. These observations indicate a close relationship between the state of nuclear actin and transcriptional activity and suggest that nuclear actin may be involved in transcriptional events concerning protein-coding genes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChristlBrunnLanzendorfer1984,
  author    = {Christl, Manfred and Brunn, Erich and Lanzendorfer, Franz},
  title     = {Reactions of Benzvalene with Tetracyanoethylene, 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-rho-benzoquinone, Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate, and Sulfur Dioxide. Evidence for Concerted 1,4-Cycloadditions to a Vinylcyclopropane System},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30052},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ScheerRose1984,
  author    = {Scheer, Ulrich and Rose, Kathleen M.},
  title     = {Localization of RNA polymerase I in interphase cells and mitotic chromosomes by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33223},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Rabbit antibodies to RNA polymerase I from a rat hepatoma have been used to localize the enzyme in a variety of cells at the light and electron microscopic level. In interphase cells the immunofluorescence pattern indicated that polymerase I is contained exclusively within the nucleolus. That this fluorescence, which appeared punctated rather than uniform, represented transcriptional complexes of RNA polymerase I and rRNA genes was suggested by the observation that it was enhanced in regenerating liver and in a hepatoma and was markedly diminished in cells treated with actinomycin D. Electron microscopic immunolocalization using gold-coupled second antibodies showed that transcribed rRNA genes are located in, and probably confined to, the fibrillar centers of the nucleolus. In contrast, the surrounding dense fibrillar component, previously thought to be the site of nascent prerRNA, did not contain detectable amounts of polymerase I. During mitosis, polymerase I molecules were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy at the chromosomal nucleolus organizer region, indicating that a considerable quantity of the enzyme remains bound to the rRNA genes. From this we conclude that rRNA genes loaded with polymerase I molecules are transmitted from one cell generation to the next one and that factors other than the polymerase itself are involved in the modulation of transcription of DNA containing rRNA genes during the cell cycle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheerHuegleHazanetal.1984,
  author    = {Scheer, Ulrich and H{\"u}gle, Barbara and Hazan, Rachel and Rose, Kathleen M.},
  title     = {Drug-induced dispersal of transcribed rRNA genes and transcriptional products: Immunolocalization and silver staining of different nucleolar components in rat cells treated with 5,6-dichloro-1-Beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33216},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Upon incubation of cultured rat cells with the adenosine analogue 5,6-dichloro-l-\&\#946;- D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), nucleoli reversibly dissociate into their substructures, disperse throughout the nuclear interior, and form nucleolar "necklaces". We have used this experimental system, which does not inhibit transcription of the rRNA genes, to study by immunocytochemistry the distribution of active rRNA genes and their transcriptional products during nucleolar dispersal and recovery to normal morphology. Antibodies to RNA polymerase I allow detection of template-engaged polymerase, and monoclonal antibodies to a ribosomal protein (S 1) of the small ribosomal subunit permit localization of nucleolar preribosomal particles. The results show that, under the action of DRB transcribed rRNA, genes spread throughout the nucleoplasm and finally appear in the form of several rows, each containing several (up to 30) granules positive for RNA polymerase land argyrophilic proteins. Nucleolar material containing preribosomal particles also appears in granular structures spread over the nucleoplasm but its distribution is distinct from that of rRNA gene-containing granules. We conclude that, although transcriptional units and preribosomal particles are both redistributed in response to DRB, these entities retain their individuality as functionally defined subunits. We further propose that each RNA polymerase-positive granular unit represents a single transcription unit and that each continuous array of granules ("string of nucleolar beads") reflects the linear distribution of rRNA genes along a nucleolar organizer region. Based on the total number of polymerase I-positive granules we estimate that a minimum of 60 rRNA genes are active during interphase of DRB-treated rat cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Linsenmair1984,
  author    = {Linsenmair, Karl Eduard},
  title     = {Comparative studies on the social behaviour of the desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri and of a Porcellio species},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30846},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Behavioural adaptations have made the desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri the most successful herbivore and detritivore of the macrofauna of many arid areas in North Africa and Asia Minor. For survival and reproduction Hemilepistus is dependent on burrows. New burrows can only be dug during spring. With the time-consuming digging of a burrow, Hemilepistus has only made the first step towards solving its ecological problems. The burrows are vital and have to be continuously defended against competitors. This requirement is met by co-operation of individuals within the framework of a highly developed social behaviour. In spring adults form monogamous pairs in which partners recognize each other individually and later form, with their progeny, strictly closed family communities. Hemilepistus is compared with a Porcellio' sp. which has developed, convergently, a social behaviour which resembles that of Hemilepistus in many respects, but differs essentially in some aspects, partly reflecting differences in ecological requirements. This and a few other Porcellio species demonstrate some possible steps in the evolution of the social behaviour of Hemilepistus. The female Hemilepistus is-in contrast to Porcellio sp. - semelparous and the selective advantages of monogamy in its environment are not difficult to recognize. This chapter discusses how this mating system could have evolved and especially why monogamous behaviour is also the best method for the Hemilepistus male to maximize its reproductive success. The cohesion of pairs and of family communities in Hemilepistus is based on a highly developed chemical communication system. Individual- and family-specific badges owe their specificity to genetically determined discriminating substances. The nature of the badges raises a series of questions: e.g. since alien badges release aggression, how do parents avoid cannibalizing their young? Similar problems arise from the fact that family badges are mixtures of chemical compounds of very low volatility with the consequence that they can only be transferred by direct contact and that during moulting all substances are lost which an individual does not produce itself. It is shown that in solving these problems inhibiting properties (presumably substances) and learning play a dominant role.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilhelmFranke1984,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Franke, Sabina},
  title     = {Eine mittelassyrische fiktive Urkunde zur Wahrung des Anspruchs auf ein Findelkind},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107265},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Findelkind},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AndersSchartlBarnekowetal.1984,
  author    = {Anders, F. and Schartl., Manfred and Barnekow, A. and Anders, A.},
  title     = {Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on normal and defective control of oncogenes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80721},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The Xiphophorus tumor system has provided the opportunity to reduce the enormous complexity of cancer etiology to a few biological elements basically involved in neoplasia. The development of a tumor requires an oncogene which, after impairment, deletion, or elimination of its regulatory genes is permitted to mediate neoplastic transformation. Emphasis is being placed today in cancer research on the actual oncogenes themselves, but, in our opinion, the most important genes involved in neoplasia are these regulatory genes. However, although detected by c1assical genetics in the Xiphophorus system, th ese genes are not at present open to a more fin ely detailed molecular biological analysis. Their actual mode of action is therefore still far from being understood.},
  subject      = {Xiphophorus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeyerSchartl1984,
  author    = {Meyer, Manfred K. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Pseudotropheus (Maylandia) hajomaylandi n. sp., a new taxon from Lake Malawi},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70989},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Pseudotropheus hajomaylandi (loc. typ. Isle of Chisumulu, Lake Malawi) is described as a new species. It is compared with Ps. aurora, Ps. greshakei, Ps. livingstonii, Ps. lombardoi, and Ps. zebra. All these taxa, including Ps. hajomaylandi and Ps. heteropictus, are classified in the subgenus Maylandia.},
  subject      = {Buntbarsche},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wilhelm1984,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Die Inschrift auf der Statue der Tatu-ḫepa und die hurritischen deiktischen Pronomina},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85779},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Minoische Kultur},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{WolfDomroeseSprothenetal.1984,
  author    = {Wolf, Norbert Richard and Domr{\"o}se, Gerd and Sprothen, Otmar and Wallraff, Dieter and Danner, Klaus},
  title     = {List Sprachbuch 8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41726},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Deutschunterricht},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HeinsenHeinsen1984,
  author    = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, YL},
  title     = {Strain-specific differences in the vermian granular layer of albino rats},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45735},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Foliation of the cerebella of Sprague-Dawley rats (strain Han:SPRD) is more advanced than in Wistar rats (strain Chbb:THOM). The differences expressed as length of the granular layer in median sections were significant in lobules VIa, VIII, IX and X. The length of the other vermian lobules is generally higher in the former strain. With regard to the volume of the granular layer, the situation is reversed, indicating that the lateral extent and thickness of vermian lobules in Wistar rats (strain Chbb:THOM) is generally larger. These quantitative differences may express differences in cerebellar microcircuitry and fibre connections in the cortex of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrankeScheerZentgraf1984,
  author    = {Franke, Werner W. and Scheer, Ulrich and Zentgraf, Hanswalter},
  title     = {Organization of transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40588},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Deutschland},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Lutz1984,
  author    = {Lutz, Werner K.},
  title     = {Structural characteristics of compounds that can be activated to chemically reactive metabolites: use for a prediction of a carcinogenic potential},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80105},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Many mutagens and carcinogens act via covalent interaction of metabolic intermediates with DNA in the target cell. This report groups those structural elements which are often found to form the basis for a metabolism to such chemically reactive metabolites. ~mpounds which are chemically reactive per se and which do not require metabolic activation form group 1. Group 2 compri~es of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons where the oxidation via an epoxide can be responsible for the generation of reactive species. Aromatic amines, hydrazines, and nitrosamirres form group 3 requiring an oxidation of a nitrogen atom or of a carbon atom in alpha position to a nitrosated amine. Group 4 compounds are halogenated hydrocarbons which can either give rise to radicals or can form an ·olefin (group 2) upon dehydrohalogenation. Group 5 compounds depend upon some preceding enzymatic activity either not available in the target cell or acting on positions in the molecule which are not directly involved in the subsequent formation of electrophilic atoms. Examples for each group are taken from the "List of Chemieals and Irrdustrial Processes Associated with Cancer in Humans" as compiled by the International Agency for the Research on Cancer, and it is shown that 91\% of the organic carcinogens would have been detected on the basis of structural elements characteristic for group 1-5. As opposed to this very high sensitivity, the specificity ( the true negative fraction) of using this approach as a short-term test for carcinogenicity is shown to be bad because detoxification pathways have so far not been taken into account. These competing processes are so complex, however, that either only very extensive knowledge about pharmacokinetics, stability, and reactivity will be required or that in vivo systems have to be used to predict, on a quantitative basis, the darnage expected on the DNA. DNA-binding experiments in vivo are presented with benzene and toluene to demonstrate one possible way for an experimental assessment and it is shown that the detoxification reaction at the methyl group available only in toluene gives rise to a reduction by at least a factor of forty for the binding to rat liver DNA. This quantitative approach available with DNA-binding tests in vivo, also allows evaluation as to whether reactive metabolites and their DNA binding are always the most important single activities contributing to the overall carcinogenicity of a chemical. With the example of the livertumor inducing hexachlorocyclohexane isomers it is shown that situations will be found where reactive metabolites are formed and DNA binding in vivo is measurable but where this activity cannot be the decisive mode of carcinogenic action. It is concluded that the lack of structural elements known to become potentially reactive does not guarantee the lack of a carcinogenic potential.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaviezelAeschbachLutzetal.1984,
  author    = {Caviezel, M. and Aeschbach, A. P. and Lutz, Werner K. and Schlatter, C.},
  title     = {Reduction of covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 to rabbit liver DNA after immunization against this carcinogen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80116},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The covalent binding of [3H]aflatoxin B1 (AF) to liver DNA was determined, 6 h after oral administration to male rabbits. A Covalent Binding Index, CBI (flmol AF/mol DNA-P)/(mmol AF/kg b. w.) = 8,500 was found. Pretreatment of rabbits with AF coupled to bovine serum albumin in Freund's adjuvant led to the production of AF-directed antibodies. Administration of [3H]AF to such immunized rabbits resulted in a CJH of only 2,500, i.e., the iiDJ{.lUnization provided a protection by a factor of more than 3. Although this is encouraging evidence for the potential of active immunization against genotoxic carcinogens, a nurober of pointswill have to be clarified, such as the time course for the DNA binding and the question of a possible shift to other target cells.},
  subject      = {Krebs},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoppeSebald1984,
  author    = {Hoppe, J. and Sebald, Walter},
  title     = {The proton conducting F0-part of bacterial ATP synthases},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-82019},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Biologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SebaldArendsMcCarthy1984,
  author    = {Sebald, Walter and Arends, Hermann and McCarthy, John E. G.},
  title     = {Isolation and manipulation of genes coding for energy-transducing enzymes from Neurospora crassa and Escherichia coli},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86768},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Escherichia coli},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AndersSchartlBarnekow1984,
  author    = {Anders, Fritz and Schartl, Manfred and Barnekow, Angelika},
  title     = {Xiphophorus as an in vivo model for studies on oncogenes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86398},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The capacity of Xiphophorus to develop neoplasia can be formally assigned to a "tumor gene" (Tu), which appears to be a normal part of the genome of all individuals. The wild fish have evolved population-specific and cell type-specific systems of regulatory genes (R) for Tu that protect the fish from neoplasia. Hybridization of members of different wild populations in the laborstory followed by treatment of the hybrids with carcinogens led to disintegration of the R systems permitting excessive expression of Tu and thus resulting in neoplasia. Certain hybrids developed neoplasia even spontaneously. Observations on the genuine phenotypic effect of the derepressed Tu in the early embryo indicated an essential normal function of this oncogene in cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell communication. Tu appeared to be indispensable in the genome but may also be present in accessory copics. Recently, c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene v-src, was detected in Xiphophorus. The protein product of c-src, pp60c-src, was identified and then examined by its associated kinase activity. This pp60c-src was found in all individuals tested, but, depending on the genotype, its kinase activity was different. The genetic characters of c-src, such as linkage relations, dosage relations, expression, etc., correspond to those of Tu. From a systematic study which showed that pp60c-src was present in all metazoa tested ranging from mammals down to sponges, we concluded that c-src has evolved with the multicellular organization of animals. Neoplasia of animals and humans is a characteristic closely related to this evolution. Our data showed that small aquariurn fish, besides being used successfully because they are time-, space-, and money-saving systems for carcinogenicity testing, are also highly suitable for basic studies on neoplasia at the populational, morphological, developmental, cell biological, and molecular levels.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schneider1984,
  author    = {Schneider, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Zur Entwicklung des Metaged{\"a}chtnisses bei Kindern},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81004},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, daß f{\"u}r die unterschiedlichen Ged{\"a}chtnisleistungen bei Kindern nicht verschieden große Ged{\"a}chtniskapazit{\"a}ten verantwortlich sind. Vielmehr k{\"o}nnen manche Kinder die zum Lernen und Erinnern n{\"o}tigen Strategien nicht effektiv genug einsetzen ; sie wissen zu wenig {\"u}ber ihr Ged{\"a}chtnis. Eine F{\"o}rderung dieses Ged{\"a}chtniswissens k{\"o}nnte ihre schulischen Leistungen erheblich verbessern.},
  subject      = {Metaged{\"a}chtnis},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Krueger1984,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Was ist Sprechen? - objektive Registrierung des Sprechverhaltens im Alltag mit dem Logoport},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41266},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Wilhelm1984,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Zur Pal{\"a}ographie der in {\"A}gypten geschriebenen Keilschriftbriefe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70371},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {{\"A}gypten <Altertum>},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Wilhelm1984,
  author    = {Wilhelm, Gernot},
  title     = {Hurritisch nari(ya) "f{\"u}nf"},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85784},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {no Abstract available},
  subject      = {Minoische Kultur},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1984,
  author    = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
  title     = {Ethologie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34170},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Ellgring1984,
  author    = {Ellgring, Heiner},
  title     = {Nonverbale Indikatoren des psychischen Befindens},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42082},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{WeinertKnopfKoerkeletal.1984,
  author    = {Weinert, F. E. and Knopf, Monika and K{\"o}rkel, J. and Schneider, Wolfgang and Vogel, K. and Wetzel, M.},
  title     = {Die Entwicklung einiger Ged{\"a}chtnisleistungen bei Kindern und {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von kognitiven, metakognitiven und motivationalen Einflußfaktoren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50458},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Psychologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Ruhe1984,
  author    = {Ruhe, Ernstpeter},
  title     = {Der Roman als totales Spiel: Alain Robbe-Grillet, Topologie d'une cit{\´e} fant{\^o}me.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36889},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Ruhe1984,
  author    = {Ruhe, Ernstpeter},
  title     = {Der chevalier errant auf enzyklop{\"a}discher Fahrt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33722},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Ruhe1984,
  author    = {Ruhe, Ernstpeter},
  title     = {Inventio devenue troevemens: La recherche de la mati{\`e}re au moyen {\^a}ge.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36816},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Ruhe1984,
  author    = {Ruhe, Ernstpeter},
  title     = {La peur de la transgression: A propos du Livre d'Enanchet et du Bestiaire d'amours.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36841},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {fr}
}
@incollection{Ruhe1984,
  author    = {Ruhe, Ernstpeter},
  title     = {Mokutu et le coq divinatoire},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33639},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  language  = {fr}
}