@article{PericEngelsPeyerimhoff1991,
author = {Peric, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peyerimhoff, S.D.},
title = {Ab initio investigation of the vibronic structure of the C\(_2\)H spectrum Calculation of the hyperfine coupling constants for the three lowest lying electronic states},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58901},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The hyperfine coupling constants (isotropic hfcc and four Cartesian components of the ani~ tropic tensor) are calculated for all three atoms of C\(_2\)H in its three lowest-lying electronic states at various molecu)ar geometries by means of the ab initio configuration interaction ( MRO.CI) method. The off-diagonal electronic matrix elements involving the two species ofthe A' symmetry are also computed. A diabatic transforrnation is perforrned Jeading to simple geometrical depen· dences of the hyperline coupling constants.},
subject = {Organische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{PericEngelsPeyerimhoff1991,
author = {Peric, M. and Engels, Bernd and Peyerimhoff, S.D.},
title = {Ab initio investigation of the vibronic structure of the C\(_2\)H spectrum Computation of the vibronically-averaged values for the Hyperfine Coupling Constants},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58915},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The vibronically averaged values for tbe hyperfine coupling constants in the X\(^2 \sum\)-A\(^2 \Pi\) system of the ethynyl radical are computed by means of tbe ab initio metbod calculations. The results point at tbe importance of taking into account the coupling of a1l tbree electronic states in question ( I\(^2\)A', 2\(^2\)A', and 1\(^2\)A") for a reliable explanation of the available experimental findings. The mean values of the hfcc's for K = 0 and 1 levels in \(^{13}\)C\(_2\)H and \(^{13}\)C\(_2\)D in the energy range up to 6000 cm\(^{-1}\) are predicted.},
subject = {Organische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{MaurerSerflingterMeulenetal.1991,
author = {Maurer, Bernd and Serfling, Edgar and ter Meulen, Volker and Rethwilm, Axel},
title = {Transcription factor AP-1 modulates the activity of the human foamy virus long terminal repeat},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61444},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The human foamy virus (HFV) contains within the UJ region of its long terminal repeat (L TR) three perfect consensus sequences for the binding of the inducible transcription factor AP-1. Results of DNase I footprint protection and gel retardation assays demonstrated that proteins in extracts of HeLa and BHK-21 cells as weil as bacterially expressed Jun and Fos proteins bind to these AP-1 sites. By conducting transient expression assays using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids carrying LTR sequences with point-mutated AP-1 sites it was found that the three AP-1 sites contribute to the optimal activity ofthe HFV promoter. It is shown that lnduction of the HFV L TR by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and serum factors is mediated through the AP-1 sites.},
subject = {Virologie},
language = {en}
}
@article{BotheAguzziLassmannetal.1991,
author = {Bothe, Katrin and Aguzzi, Adriano and Lassmann, Hans and Rethwilm, Axel and Horak, Ivan},
title = {Progressive encephalopathy and myopathy in transgenic mice expressing human foamy virus genes},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61453},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Transgenie mice carrying the bel region of human foamy retrovirus (HFV) under transcriptional control of its own long terminal repeat expressed tbe transgene in their centrat nervous systems and in smootb and striated muscle tissues. The animals developed a progressive degenerative disease of tbe centrat nervous system and of the striated muscle. Because expression of tbe transgene was dosely correlated witb the appearance of structural damage and inflammatory reactions were scanty, the disease is likely to be caused directly by tbe HFV proteins. These unexpected findings call for a reevaluation of tbe patbogenic potential of HFV in humans.},
subject = {Virologie},
language = {en}
}
@article{KauppSchleyerStolletal.1991,
author = {Kaupp, Martin and Schleyer, Paul. von Rague and Stoll, Hermann and Preuss, Heinzwerner},
title = {The Question of bending of the Alkaline Earth Dihalides MX\(_2\) (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; X = F, C1, Br, I). An ab Initio Pseudopotential Study},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60166},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{KauppStollPreussetal.1991,
author = {Kaupp, Martin and Stoll, Hermann and Preuss, Heinzwerner and Kaim, Wolfgang and Stahl, Thomas and van Koten, Gerard and Wissing, Elmo and Smeets, Wilberth J. J. and Spek, Anthony L.},
title = {Theoretical and Experimential Study of Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Products from Thermal and Light-Induced Alkyl Transfer between Zinc or Magnesium Dialkyls and 1,4-Diaza-1,3-butadiene Substrates},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60173},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{DoerjeWessLambrechtetal.1991,
author = {D{\"o}rje, F. and Wess, J. and Lambrecht, G. and Tacke, Reinhold and Mutschler, E. and Brann, M. R.},
title = {Antagonist binding profiles of five cloned human muscarinic receptor subtypes},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64113},
year = {1991},
abstract = {A variety of muscarinic antagonists are currently used as tools to pharmacologically subclassify muscarinic receptors into M\(_1\), M\(_2\) and M\(_3\) subtypes. ln the present study I we have determined the affinity proflies of several of these antagonists at five cloned human muscarinic receptors (m1-m5) stably expressed in Chinesehamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). At all five receptorsl the (R)-enantiomers of trihexyphenidyl and hexbutinol displayed considerably higher affinities (up to 525-fold) than their corresponding (S)-isomers. The stereoselectivity ratios [inhibition constant( S)/inhibition constant(R)] for both pairs of enantiomers were lowest at m2 receptors, suggesting that less stringent configurational demands are made by this receptor subtype. The "M\(_1\)-selective" antagonist (R)-trihexyphenidyl displayed high affinities for m1 and m4 receptors. The "M\(_2\)-selective" antagonists himbacinel (±}-5, 11-dihydro-11-1[(2-[(dipropylamino)methyl]-1- piperidinyllethyl)amino]carbonyii-6H-pyrido(213-b)(1 ~4)benzodiazepine- 6-one (AF-DX 384)1 11-(14-[4-(diethylamino)butyl)-1-piperidinyll acetyl)-5~ 11-dihydro-6H-pyrido(2~3-b) (1~4)benzodiazepine-6-one (AQ-RA 741) and (+K11-(12-[(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyll acetyl)-5~ 11-di-hydro-6H-pyrido(2~3-b)(1,4)benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-OX 250; the (+)-enantiomer of AF-DX 116] exhibited high affinities for m2 and m41 intermediate affinities for m1 and m3 and low affinities for m5 receptors. This selectivity profile was most prominent for AQ-RA 7 41 I which displayed 195- and 129-fold higher affinities for m2 and m4 receptors than for mS receptors. The "M\(_3\)-selective" antagonist (±)-p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol hydrochloride (pFHHsiD) exhibited high affinity for m1 I m3 and m4 receptors. 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) bound with up to 7 -fold higher affinities to m1 I m31 m4 and m5 receptors than to m2 receptors. Although none of the tested antagonists showed more than 2-fold selectivity for one subtype over all other subtypes, each receptor displayed a unique antagonist binding profile.},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{WaelbroeckCamusTastenoyetal.1991,
author = {Waelbroeck, M. and Camus, J. and Tastenoy, M. and Mutschler, E. and Strohmann, C. and Tacke, Reinhold and Lambrecht, G. and Christophe, J.},
title = {Binding affinities of hexahydro-difenidol and hexahydro-sila-difenidol analogues at four muscarinic receptor subtypes: constitutional and stereochemical aspects},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64128},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Hexahydro-sila-difenidoJ and eight analogues behaved as simple cumpetitive inhibitors of eHJN·methyl·scopoJamine binding to homogenates frorn human neuroblastoma NB-OK 1 cells (M\(_1\) sites), rat heart (M\(_2\) sites), rat pancreas (M\(_3\) sites), and rat striatum 'B' sites (M\(_4\) sites). Pyrrolidino- and hexamethyleneimino analogues showed the same sekctivity profile as the parent compound. Hexahydro-sila-difenidol methiodide and the methiodide of p-fluoro-hexahydro·sila-difenidol had a f{\"u}gher affinity but a lower selectivity than the tertiary amines. Compounds containing a p·methoxy, p-chJoro or p-fluoro substituent in the phenyl ring of hexahydro-sila-difenidol showed a qualitative)y similar selectivity profile as the parent compound (i.e., M\(_1\)= M\(_3\) = M\(_4\) >M\(_2\) ), but up to 16-fold lower affinities. o-Methoxy-hexahydro-sila-difenidol has a lower affinity than hexahydro-sila-difeni.:!o! at the four binding sites. lts selectivity profile (M\(_4\) > M\(_1\), M\(_3\) > M\(_2\) ) was different from hexahydro-sila-difenidol. Replacement of the centrat silicon atom of hexahydro-sila-difenidol, p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol and thdr quatemary (N-methylated) analogues by a carbon atom did not change their binding affinities significantly. The iour muscarinic receptors showed a higher affinity for the (R)- than for the (S)-enantiomers of hexahydro-difenidol, p-fluorohexahydro-difenidol and their methiodides. The stereoselectivity varied depending on the receptor subtype and drug considered.},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{WaelbroeckCamusTastenoyetal.1991,
author = {Waelbroeck, M. and Camus, J. and Tastenoy, M. and Mutschler, E. and Strohmann, C. and Tacke, Reinhold and Lambrecht, G. and Christophe, J.},
title = {Stereoselectivity of (R)- and (S)-hexahydro-difenidol binding to neuroblastoma M\(_1\), cardiac M\(_2\), pancreatic M\(_3\), and striatum M\(_4\) muscarinic receptors},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64135},
year = {1991},
abstract = {(R)-Hexahydro-difenidol has a higher affinity for M\(_1\) receptors in NB-OK 1 cells, pancreas M\(_3\) and striatum M\(_4\) receptors (pKi 7.9 to 8.3) than for cardiac M2 receptors (pKi 7 .0). (8)-Hexahydro-difenidol, by contrast, is nonselective (pKi 5.8 to 6.1). Our goal in the present study was to evaluate the importance ofthe hydrophobic phenyl, and cyclohexyl rings of hexahydro-difenidol for the stereoselectivity and reeeptor selectivity of hexahydro-difenidol binding to the four muscarinic receptors. Our results indieated that replacement of the phenyl ring of hexahydro-difenidol by a cyclohexyl group <~ dicyclidol) and ofthe cyclohexyl ring by a phenyl moiety <~ difenidol) indueed a !arge (4- to 80-fold) decrease in binding affinity for all musearlnie receptors. Difenidol had a signifieant preference for M\(_1\) , M\(_3\) , and M\(_4\) over M\(_2\) receptors; dicyclidol, by eontrast, had a greater affinity for M\(_1\) and M\(_4\) than for M\(_2\) and M\(_3\) receptors. The binding free energy deerease due to replacement ofthe phenyl and the cyelohexyl groups of(R)-hexahydro-difenidol by, respectively, a eyclohexyl and a phenyl moiety was almostadditive in the ease of M\(_4\) (striatum) binding sites. In the ease ofthe cardiac M\(_2\), pancreatic M\(_3\) , or NB-OK 1 M\(_1\) receptors the respective binding free energies were not eompletely additive. These results suggest that the four (R)-hexahydro-difenidol ''binding moieties" (phenyl, cyclohexyl, hydroxy, and protonated amino group) cannot simultaneously form optimal interaetions with the M\(_1\), M\(_2\), and M\(_3\) muscarinic receptors. When eaeh of the hydrophobic groups is modified, the position of the whole molecule, relative to the four subsites, was changed to allow an optimal overall interaction with the musearlnie receptor.},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{StrohmannBauereckerCammengaetal.1991,
author = {Strohmann, C. and Bauerecker, S. and Cammenga, H. K. and Jones, P. G. and Mutschler, E. and Lambrecht, G. and Tacke, Reinhold},
title = {Enantiomers of the muscarinic antagonist 1-cyclohexyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidino-1-butanol (p-fluoro-hexahydro-difenidol): synthesis, absolute configuration, and enantiomeric purity},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64144},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The enantiomers of the antimuscarinic agent 1-cyclohexyl-1- (4-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidino-1-butanol [(R)- and (S)-p-fluorohexahydro- difenidol] ((R)- and (S)-2a] and their methiodides (R)- 3 and (S)-3 were prepared with high enantiomeric purity. (R)- 2a and (S)-2a (isolated as hydrochlorides) were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation (Pd/C contact) of the corresponding enantiomers of 1-cyclohexyl-1-( 4-fl uorophen yl)-4-piperidino- 2-butyn-1-ol [(R)- and (S)-4]. Reaction of (R)-2a and (S)-2a with rnethyl iodide led to (R)-3 and (S)-3, respectively. The unsaturated precursors (R)- and (S}-4 (enantiorneric purity ~ 99.80 and ~99.94\% e.e.; calorimetric analysis) were prepared by res-sepaolution of rac-4 [available from 4-FC\(_6\)H\(_4\)C(O)C\(_6\)H\(_{11}\) by reaction with LiC ~ CCH\(_2\)NC\(_5\)H\(_{10}\)] using (R)- and (S)-mandelic acid as resolving agents. The absolute configurations of the (R) and (S) enantiomers of 2a, 3, and 4 were determined by an X-ray crystal-structure analysis of (S)-5, the methiodide of (S)-4. (R)- 2a and (R)-3 exhibit a higher affinity for muscarinic M1, M2, M3, and M4 receptors (by up to two orders of magnitude) than their corresponding antipodes (S)-2a and (S)-3, the degree of stereoselectivity depending on the receptor subtype involved. (R)-2a represents a useful tool for rnuscarinic receptor research (affinity profile: M1 ~ M3 ~ M4 > M2).},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{HengelsbergTackeFritscheetal.1991,
author = {Hengelsberg, H. and Tacke, Reinhold and Fritsche, K. and Syldatk, C. and Wagner, F.},
title = {Synthesis and enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of rac-dimethylphenyl[1-(phenylacetamido)- ethyl]silane},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64153},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Racemic dimethylphenyl(l-(phenylacetamido)ethyl)silane [rac-5) has been made by a four-step synthesis starting from (chloromethyl)dimethylphenylsilane [PhMe\(_2\)SiCH2Cl (1) ~ PhMe\(_2\)SiCH(Cl)Me (rac-2) - PhMe\(_2\)SiCH(l)Me (rac-3) - PhMe2SiCH(NH2)Me (rac-4) ~ PhMe\(_2\)SiCH[N(H)C(O)CH\(_2\)Ph]Me ( rac-5); total yield 41\% ). Enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of rac-5, catalyzed by immobilized penicillin G acylase (E.C. 3.5.1.11) from Escherichia coli 5K (pHM 12), gave (R)-(1- aminoethyl)dimethylphenylsilane [( R )-4] in 40\% yield with an enantiomeric purity of 92\% ee.},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{TackeMahnerStrohmannetal.1991,
author = {Tacke, Reinhold and Mahner, K. and Strohmann, C. and Forth, B. and Mutschler, E. and Friebe, T. and Lambrecht, G.},
title = {Cyclohexyl(4-fluorophenyl)(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol (p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol, p-F-HHSiD) and derivatives: synthesis and antimuscarinic properties},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64162},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Four different syntheses of the potent and selective muscanruc antagonist cyclohexyl( 4- fluorophenyl)(3-piperidinopropyl)silanol ( p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol, p-F-HHSiD (2b); isolated as hydrochloride 2b· HCl) are described (starting materials: (CH\(_3\)O)\(_2\)SiCH\(_2\)CH\(_2\)CH\(_2\)Cl and Si(OCH\(_3\))\(_4\) ). In addition, the synthesis of the corresponding carbon analogue p-fluoro-hexahydro-difenidol ( p-F-HHD (2a); isolated as 2a· HCI) and the syntheses of three p-F-HHSiD derivatives (3-5), with a modified cyclic amino group, are reported (3: piperidinojpyrrolidino exchange, isolated as 3· HCI; 4: piperidinoj hexamethylenimino exchange, isolated as 4 · HCl; 5: quaternization of 2b with methyl iodide). The chiral compounds 2a, 2b, 3, 4 and 5 were prepared as racemates. In functional pharmacological studies, 3-5 behaved as simple competitive antagonists at musearlnie Ml receptors in rabbit vas deferens, M2 receptors in guinea-pig atria, and M3 receptors in guinea-pig ileal smooth rnuscle. The pyrrolidino (3) and hexamethylenimino (4) analogues of the parent drug p-F-HHSiD (2b) displayed the highest affinity for Ml and M3 receptors (pA\(_2\) values: 7.0-7.4) but exhibited lower affinity for cardiac M2 receptors (pA\(_2\) : 5.9 and 6.0). Their affinity profile (Ml- M3 > M2) is different from that of p-F-HHSiD (2b) (M3 > Ml > M2), but qualitatively very similar tothat of p-F-HHD (2a). The methiodide 5 exhibited the highest affinity for Ml receptors (pA\(_2\) : 8.5) but lower affinity for M2 and M3 receptors by factors of 5.6 and 3.6, respectively.},
subject = {Anorganische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{HaasBrehmKreftetal.1991,
author = {Haas, Albert and Brehm, Klaus and Kreft, J{\"u}rgen and Goebel, Werner},
title = {Cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of a gene encoding Listeria seeligeri catalase, a bacterial enzyme highly homologous to mammalian catalases},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60536},
year = {1991},
abstract = {A gene coding for catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase; EC 1.11.1.6) of the grain-positive bacterium Listeria seeligeri was cloned from a plasmid library of EcoRI-digested chromosomal DNA, with Escherichia coli DHSa as a host. The recombinant catalase was expressed in E. coli to an enzymatic activity approximately SO times that of the combined E. coli catalases. The nucleutide sequence was determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence revealed 43.2\% amino acid sequence identity between bovine liver catalase and L. seeligeri catalase. Most of the amino acid residues which are involved in catalytic activity, the formation of the active center accession channel, and heme binding in bovine liver catalase were also present in L. seeligeri catalase at the corresponding positions. The recombinant protein contained 488 amino acid residues and had a calculated molecular weight of 55,869. The predicted isoelectric point was 5.0. Enzymatic and genetic analyses showed that there is most probably a single catalase of this type in L. seeligeri. A perfect 21-bp inverted repeat, which was highly homologous to previously reported binding sequences of the Fur (ferric uptake regulon) protein of E. coli, was detected next to the putative promoter region of tbe L. seeligeri catalase gene.},
subject = {Biologie},
language = {en}
}
@article{MarkgrafCortDavisetal.1991,
author = {Markgraf, J. H. and Cort, J. R. and Davis, H. A. and Lindeman, N. I. and Myers, C. R. and Kraft, A. and Christl, Manfred},
title = {Strained Heterocyclic Systems. 20. Basicities of Bicyclic Quinoxalines},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58584},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Organische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchueleinKreftGonskietal.1991,
author = {Sch{\"u}lein, Ralf and Kreft, J{\"u}rgen and Gonski, Sigrid and Goebel, Werner},
title = {Preprosubtilisin Carlsberg processing and secretion is blocked after deletion of amino acids 97-101 in the mature part of the enzyme},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-60577},
year = {1991},
abstract = {During an investigation into the substrate specificity and processing of subtilisin Carlsberg from Bacillus licheniformis, two major independent findings were made: (i) as has been shown previously, a stretch of five amino acids (residues 97-101 of the mature enzyme) that loops out into the binding cleft is involved in substrate binding by subtilisin Carlsberg. In order to see whether this loop element also determines substrate specificity, the coding region for these five amino acids was deleted from the cloned gene for subtilisin Carlsberg by site-directed mutagenesis. Unexpectedly the resulting mutant preproenzyme (P42c, Mr=42 kDa) was not processed to the mature form (Mr = 30 kDa) and was not released into the medium by a proteasedeficient B. subtilis host strain; rather, it accumulated in the cell membrane. This result demonstrates that the integrity of this loop element, which is very distant from the processing cleavage sites in the preproenzyme, is required for secretion of subtilisin Carlsberg. (ii) In culture supernatants from B. subtilis harbouring the cloned wild-type subtilisin Carlsberg gene the transient appearance (at 0-3 h after onset of stationary phase) of a processing intermediate (P38c, Mr = 38 kDa) oftbis protease could be demonstrated. P38c very probably represents a genuine proform of subtilisin Carlsberg.},
subject = {Biologie},
language = {en}
}
@article{BentleyChristlNorman1991,
author = {Bentley, T. W. and Christl, Manfred and Norman, S. J.},
title = {Methanesulfonate/p-Nitrobenzoate and p-Toluenesulfonate/p-Nitrobenzoate Rate Ratios. Solvolyses of 1-Adamantyl and Benzhydryl Substrates},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58599},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Organische Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{VortkampThiasGessleretal.1991,
author = {Vortkamp, A. and Thias, U. and Gessler, Manfred and Rosenkranz, W. and Kroisel, P. M. and Tommerup, N. and Kruger, G. and Gotz, J. and Pelz, L. and Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz},
title = {A somatic cell hybrid panel and DNA probes for physical mapping of human chromosome 7p},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59217},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Biochemie},
language = {en}
}
@article{JaiswalLambrechtMutschleretal.1991,
author = {Jaiswal, Neelam and Lambrecht, G{\"u}nter and Mutschler, Ernst and Tacke, Reinhold and Malik, Kafait U.},
title = {Pharmacological characterization of the vascular muscarinic receptors mediating relaxation and contraction in rabbit aorta},
series = {Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics},
volume = {258},
journal = {Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics},
number = {3},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128358},
pages = {842-850},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Studies were performed in the rabbit aortic rings, precontracted with norepinephrine, to determine the subtype(s) of muscarinic receptors involved in endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction in the absence of endothelium elicited by cholinergic stimuli. Acetylcholine (ACh) and arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), a M2 and M3 agonist, produced a dose-dependent relaxation and contraction in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rabbit aortic rings, respectively. Both of these responses were blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. M1 selective agonist McN-A-343 [4-[N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-butinyltrimethylammonium+ ++ chloride] did not produce any effect on the tone of precontracted aortic rings. ACh- and APE-induced relaxation in aortic rings with intact endothelium was selectively blocked by M3 receptor antagonists hexahydrosila-difenidol and p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol (pA2 of 7.84 and 7.18) but not by M1 antagonist pirenzepine or M2 receptor antagonists AF-DX 116 [11-(2-[(diethylamino)methyl]- 1-piperidinyl]acetyl)-5, 11-dihydro-6H-pyrido-[2,3-b][1,4]-benzo-diazepin-6-one] and methoctramine. ACh- and APE-induced contraction was inhibited by M2 receptor antagonists AF-DX 116 and methoctramine (pA2 of 7.11 and 6.71) but not by pirenzepine, hexahydro-sila-difenidol or p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol. ACh- and APE-induced relaxation or contraction were not altered by nicotinic receptor antagonist hexamethonium or cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. These data suggest that relaxation elicited by cholinergic stimulin in endothelium-intact aortic rings is mediated via release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor consequent to activation of M3 receptors located on endothelial cells, whereas the contraction in aortic rings denuded of their endothelium is mediated via stimulation of M2 receptors located on smooth muscle cells.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GigstadRicciJRMarkgrafetal.1991,
author = {Gigstad, Kenneth M. and Ricci JR., John S. and Markgraf, J. Hodge and Christl, Manfred and Kraft, Arno},
title = {Strained Heterocyclic Systems : 18. Structure of 1,2,3-Methylidyne-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoxaline},
isbn = {0108-2701},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41645},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@incollection{HommersAnderson1991,
author = {Hommers, Wilfried and Anderson, Norman H.},
title = {Moral algebra of harm and recompense},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44046},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Informationsverarbeitung / Kognition},
language = {en}
}
@article{DabauvalleLoosMerkertetal.1991,
author = {Dabauvalle, Marie-Christine and Loos, Karin and Merkert, Hilde and Scheer, Ulrich},
title = {Spontaneous assembly of pore complex-containing membranes ("Annulate lamellae") in Xenopus egg extract in the absence of chromatin},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32797},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@article{BeckerWuWaagetal.1991,
author = {Becker, Charles R. and Wu, Y. S. and Waag, A. and Kraus, M. M. and Landwehr, G.},
title = {The orientation independence of the CdTe-HgTe valence band offset as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30784},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@article{MollRoellinghoff1991,
author = {Moll, Heidrun and R{\"o}llinghoff, Martin},
title = {T-cell reactivity to purified lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania major: A model for analysis of the cellular immune response to microbial carbohydrates.},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33022},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The major macromolecule on the surface o/Leishmania majorpromastigotes is a lipophosphoglycan (LPG). This glycoconjugate plays a key role in determining infectivity and survival of para-sites in the mammalian host cell. In addition, L. major LPG is able to induce a host-protective immune response. In this article, we summarise the evidence for recognition of highly purified LPG by T cells and we discuss the potential mechanisms of T-cell Stimulation by this non-protein antigen.},
language = {en}
}
@article{VanDieKramerHackeretal.1991,
author = {Van Die, I. and Kramer, C. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg and Bergmans, H. and Jongen, W. and Hoekstra, W.},
title = {Nucleotide sequence of the genes coding for minor fimbrial subunits of the F1C fimbriae of Escherichia coli},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40353},
year = {1991},
abstract = {F 1 C fimbriae allow uropathogenic Escherichia coli to adhere to specific epithelial surfaces. This adhesive property is probably due to the presence of minor fimbrial components in F1C fimbriae. The foe gene cluster encoding F1C fimbriae has been cloned, as described previously. Here we present the nucleotide sequence (2081 bp) coding for the F 1 C minor fimbria I subunits. The structural genes code for polypeptides of 175 (FocF), 166 (FocG), and 300 (FocH) amino acids. The deduced amino acids of the F 1 C minor subunits were compared with the reported sequences of the minor subunits of other types of fimbriae. The data show that the Foc minor subunits are highly homologous to the corresponding Sfa proteins, whereas homology to the minor subunits of type 1 and P fimbriae is much lower.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LueckBenderOttetal.1991,
author = {L{\"u}ck, P. Christian and Bender, Larisa and Ott, Manfred and Helbig, J{\"u}rgen H. and Hacker, J{\"o}rg},
title = {Analysis of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 strains isolated from a hospital warm water supply over a three-year period by using genomic long-range mapping techniques and monoclonal antibodies},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-40392},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Over a period of 3 years, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 strains were isolated from warm water outlets and dental units in the Dental Faculty and from the Surgery and Internal Medicine Clinics at the University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. In the bacteriological unit of the above-mentioned facility, L. pneumophila serogroups 3 and 12 were grown frl,)m warm water specimens. The medical facilities are located in separate buildings connected with a ring pipe warm water system. All L. pneumophila serogroup 6 strains isolated from the warm water supply reacted with a serogroup-specific monoclonal antibody, but not with two other monoclonal antibodies which are subgroup specific, reacting with other serogroup 6 strains. The NolI genomic profiles obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of 25 serogroup 6 strains isolated from the Dental Faculty over a 3-year period, 1 isolate from the Internal Medicine Clinic, and 4 strains from the Surgery Clinic were identical. Furthermore, all these strains hybridized with a 3OO-kb NolI fragment when a legiolysin (lIy)-specific DNA probe was used. The NolI pattern, however, differed from those of six serogroup 6 strains of other origins, one serogroup 12 strain from the bacteriological unit, and another six unrelated strains of serogroups other than serogroup 6. L. pneumophila serogroup 6 strains which can be divided into only two subgroups by the use of monoclonal antibodies are differentiated in at least six Noli cleavage types obtained by pulsed-field electrophoresis.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{FischerWeissenbergerScheer1991,
author = {Fischer, Dagmar and Weißenberger, Dieter and Scheer, Ulrich},
title = {Assigning functions to nucleolar structures},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34258},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Nucleoli provide the fascinating possibility of linking morphologically distinct structures such as those seen in the electron microscope with biochemical f eatures of the formation and step wise maturation of ribosomes. Localization of proteins by immunocytochemistry and of rRNA genes and their transcripts by in situ hybridization has greatly improved our understanding of the structural-functional relationships of the nucleolus. The present review describes some recent results obtained by electron microscopic in situ hybridization and argues that this approach has the potential to correlate each step of the complex pre-rRNA maturation pathway with nucleolar structures. Evidence is accumulating that the nucleolus-specific U3 snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles) participate in rRNA processing events, similar to the role played by the nucleoplasmic snRNPs in mRNA maturation. The intranucleolar distribution of U3 snRNA is consistent with the view that it is involved in both early and late stages of pre-rRNA processing.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BringmannZagstSchoeneretal.1991,
author = {Bringmann, Gerhard and Zagst, Rainer and Sch{\"o}ner, Bernd and Busse, Holger and Hemmerling, Martin and Burschka, Christian},
title = {Acetogenic Isoquinoline Alkaloids. XXIII. Structure of the Naphthyl Isoquinoline Alkaloid Dioncophylline A},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31331},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Chemie},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Dandekar1991,
author = {Dandekar, Thomas},
title = {Yeast U3 localization and correct sequence (snR17a) and promotor activity (snR17b) identified by homology search},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29781},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@article{DandekarTollervey1991,
author = {Dandekar, Thomas and Tollervey, D.},
title = {Thirty-three nucleotides of 5' flanking sequence including the TATA box are necessary and sufficient for efficient U2 snRNA transcription in Schizosaccharomycespombe},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29959},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@article{DandekarStripeckeGrayetal.1991,
author = {Dandekar, Thomas and Stripecke, Renata and Gray, Nicola K. and Goossen, Britta and Constable, Anne and Johansson, Hans E. and Hentze, Matthias W.},
title = {Identification of a novel iron-responsive element in murine and human erythroid \(\delta\)-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29929},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@misc{DandekarArgos1991,
author = {Dandekar, Thomas and Argos, Patrick},
title = {Chaperonin-mediated protein folding at the surface of groEL through a "molten globule" intermediate},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29939},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@article{StoeckliLililienNaeherNoeetal.1991,
author = {St{\"o}ckli, K. A. and Lililien, L. E. and N{\"a}her- No{\´e}, M. and Breitfeld, G. and Hughes, Richard A. and Raff, M. C. and Thoenen, Hans and Sendtner, Michael},
title = {Regional distribution, developmental changes, and cellular localization of CNTF-mRNA and protein in the rat brain},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31172},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a potent survival molecule for a variety of embryonic neurons in culture. The developmental expression of CNTF occurs clearly after the time period of the physiological cell death of CNTF-responsive neurons. This, together with the sites of expression, excludes CNTF as a target-derived neuronal survival factor, at least in rodents. However, CNTF also participates in the induction of type 2 astrocyte differentiation in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the time course of the expression of CNTF-mRNA and protein in the rat optic nerve (as evaluated by quantitative Northern blot analysis and biological activity, respectively) is compatible with such a glial differentiation function of CNTF in vivo. We also show that the type 2 astrocyte-inducing- activity previously demonstrated in optic nerve extract can be precipitated by an antiserum against CNTF. Immunohistochemical analysis of astrocytes in vitro and in vivo demonstrates that the expression of CNTF is confined to a subpopulation of type 1 astrocytes. The olfactory bulb of adult rats has comparably high levels of CNTF to the optic nerve, and here again, CNTF-immunoreactivity is localized in a subpopulation of astrocytes. However, the postnatal expression of CNTF in the olfactory bulb occurs later than in the optic nerve. In other brain regions both CNTF-mRNA and protein levels are much lower.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MaschwitzFialaMoogetal.1991,
author = {Maschwitz, Ulrich and Fiala, Brigitte and Moog, J. and Saw, L. G.},
title = {Two new myrmecophytic associations from the Malay Peninsula: ants of the genus Cladomyrma as partners of Saraca thaipingensis and Crypteronia griffithii},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32992},
year = {1991},
abstract = {In Peninsular Malaysia the trees Saraca thaipingensis (Caesalpiniaceae) and Crypteronia griffithii (Crypteroniaceae) are inhabited by ants. In the vicinity ofGombak, near Kuala Lumpur, the hollow internodes of young Saraca thaipingensis plants are colonized mainly by two Cladomyrma species. In larger trees a Crematogaster sp. is also found. Crypteronia griffithii is inhabited by a third species of Cladomyrma. None of these species is conspecific with any of the three Cladomyrma taxa so far described. The colonies are founded by single mated queens, which have a conspicuous, sphecid wasp-like behaviour when searching for host plants and nest sites. They chew holes into the plant intern odes and hollow them out to provide nest sites. Coccids and pseudococcids are cultivated within the internodes. The homopterans are not carried by queens on their nuptial flights. They apparently find their way by themselves into the cavities or are perhaps carried there by the worker ants. The Cladomyrma ants on Crypteronia are not aggressive, in contrast to those on Saraca thaipingensis. The relationship of Crypteronia with ants seems to be obligatory, whereas Saraca was only partly colonized by Cladomyrma. The interaction of Saraca with Crematogaster sp. is loose and facultative, since the Crematogaster sp. also lives on other tree species. Our studies have now revealed four Cladomyrma spp. which are regularly associated with plants. The genus therefore seems to have an entirely myrmecophytic way of life.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WuBeckerWaagetal.1991,
author = {Wu, Y.S. and Becker, Charles R. and Waag, A. and Kraus, M. M. and Bicknell-Tassius, R. N. and Landwehr, G.},
title = {Correlation of the Cd-to-Te ratio on CdTe surfaces with the surface structure},
isbn = {0163-1829},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37789},
year = {1991},
abstract = {We report here that reconstruction on (100), (1lIlA, and (1l1lB CdTe surfaces is either C(2X2), (2X2), and (l X I) or (2X I), (l X I), and (l X I) when they are Cd or Te stabilized, respectively. There is a mixed region between Cd and Te stabilization in which the reflected high-energy electron-diffraction (RHEED) patterns contain characteristics of both Cd- and Te-stabilized surfaces. We have also found that the Cd-to-Te ratio of the x-ray photoelectron intensities of their 3d\(_{3/ 2}\) core levels is about 20\% larger for a Cd-stabilized (1lIlA, (1lIlB, or (100) CdTe surface than for a Te-stabilized one. According to a simple model calculation, which was normalized by means of the photoelectron intensity ratio of a Cd-stabilized (lll)A and aTe-stabilized (1l1lB CdTe surface, the experimental data for CdTe surfaces can be explained by a linear dependence of the photoelectron-intensity ratio on the fraction of Cd in the uppermost monatomic layer. This surface composition can be correlated with the surface structure, i.e., the corresponding RHEED patterns. This correlation can in turn be employed to determine Te and Cd evaporation rates. The Te reevaporation rate is increasingly slower for the Te-stabilized (Ill) A, (l1l)B, and (100) surfaces, while the opposite is true for Cd from Cd-stabilized (Ill) A and (Ill)B surfaces. In addition, Te is much more easily evaporated from all the investigated surfaces than is Cd, if the substrate is kept at normal molecular-beam-epitaxy growth temperatures ranging from 2oo·C to 300 ·C.},
subject = {Festk{\"o}rperphysik},
language = {en}
}
@article{UlrichsMuellerRuchholtz1991,
author = {Ulrichs, Karin and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, Wolfgang},
title = {Modulation of pancreatic islet allo immunogenicity and immunobiological in vitro and in vivo consequences},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78261},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available.},
subject = {Immunobiologie},
language = {en}
}
@article{KrzymanskiWaagaUlrichsetal.1991,
author = {Krzymanski, M. and Waaga, A. M. and Ulrichs, Karin and M{\"u}ller-Ruchholtz, Wolfgang},
title = {Long-standing rat kidney graft survival by a combination of organ perfusion with MHC class II monoclonal antibody and immunosuppression with reduced doses of 15-deoxyspergualin.},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64442},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
subject = {Niere},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchluppParzefallSchartl1991,
author = {Schlupp, I. and Parzefall, J. and Schartl, Manfred},
title = {Male mate choice in mixed bisexual/-unisexual breeding complexes of Poecilia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80309},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The livebearing all-female fish Poecilia formosa reproduces by gynogenesis, a modified form of parthenogenesis. P. formosa forms at least two breeding complexes: in its northern range it exists sympatrically with Poecilia latipinna and in its southern range with Poecilia mexicana. Differences between these complexes and their possible origin are discussed. Embryogenesis is triggered by sperm of males of these closely related sympatric species. Because inheritance is stricdy maternal, from the male point of view energy and time invested are totally lost. In this study we wanted to elucidate whether males are able to distinguish between conspecific and parasitic females. It could be shown that males are able to distinguish females optically, but that this ability was obscured as soon as chemical and/or tactile contact was possible. Furthermore, we found that females in an attractive phase of their sexual cycle are always preferred, regardless of species. This is possibly the mechanism by which parasitic females obtain the matings they need to reproduce.},
subject = {Poecilia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)},
language = {en}
}
@article{MalitschekSchartl1991,
author = {Malitschek, B. and Schartl, Manfred},
title = {Rapid identification of recombinant baculoviruses using PCR},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80328},
year = {1991},
abstract = {no abstract available},
subject = {PCR},
language = {en}
}
@article{LohseKlotzSchwabe1991,
author = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, Ulrich},
title = {Mechanism of A2 adenosine receptor activation. I. Blockade of A2 adenosine receptors by photoaffinity labeling},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86073},
year = {1991},
abstract = {It has previously been shown that covalent incorporation of the photoreactive adenosine derivative (R)-2-azido-N6-p-hydroxyphenytisopropyladenosine [(R)-AHPIA] into the A, adenosine receptor of intact fat cells leads to a persistent activation of this receptor, resulting in a reduction of celular cAMP Ieveis [Mol. Pharmacol. 30:403-409 (1986)]. In contrast, covalent incorporation of (R)-AHPIA into human platelet membranes, which contain only stimulatory A2 adenosine receptors, reduces adenytate cyclase Stimulation via these receptors. This effect of (R)-AHPIA is specific for the A2 receptor and can be prevented by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline. Binding studies in-dicate that up to 90\% of A2 receptors can be blocked by photoincorporation of (R)-AHPIA. However, the remaining 10-20\% of A2 receptors are sufficient to mediate an adenylate cyclase Stimulation of up to SOOk of the control value. Similarly, the activation via these 10-20\% of receptors occurs with a halflife that is only 2 times Ionger than that in control membranes. This indicates the presence of a receptor reserve, with respect to both the extent and the rate of adenytate cyclase Stimulation. These observations require a modification of the models of receptor-adenytate cyclase coupling, which is described in the accompanying paper [Mol. Pharmacol. 39:524-530 (1991)].},
subject = {Adenosinrezeptor},
language = {en}
}
@incollection{SpielmannArendKlotzetal.1991,
author = {Spielmann, W. S. and Arend, L. J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, U.},
title = {Adenosine control of the renal Collecting tubule: receptors and signaling},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86129},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available.},
subject = {Adenosin},
language = {en}
}
@article{WilhelmZaccagnini1991,
author = {Wilhelm, Gernot and Zaccagnini, Carlo},
title = {Excavations at Tell Karrana 3 (1985 and 1986)},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85963},
year = {1991},
abstract = {no Abstract available},
subject = {Tell Karrana},
language = {en}
}
@article{BergerEllersiekSteinmueller1991,
author = {Berger, Susanne and Ellersiek, Ulrike and Steinm{\"u}ller, Klaus},
title = {Cyanobacteria contain a mitochrondrial complex I-homologous NADH-dehydrogenase},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31223},
year = {1991},
abstract = {Thylakoid and cytoplasmic membranes of the cyanobacterium Syncchocystis sp. PCC 6803 were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Both membranes oxidize NADH in a rotenone-sensitive reaction. Antibodies prepared against psbG/ndhKand ndhJ fusion proteins detect the corresponding polypeptides in both membrane preparations. This demonstrates that a NADH-dehydrogenase, homologous to the mitochondrial NADHubiquinone-oxidoreductase (complex I of the respiratory chain) is present in cyanobacteria, The NADH-dehydrogenase can be solubilized with the detergent /-D-dodecylmaltoside. Sedimentation analysis of the solubilized enzyme on a sucrose gradient indicates that it is a multisubunit protein complex.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HeinsenHeinsen1991,
author = {Heinsen, Helmut and Heinsen, Y. L.},
title = {Serial thick, frozen, gallocyanin stained sections of human central nervous system},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45741},
year = {1991},
abstract = {A rapid method for macroscopic and microscopic investigation of human CNS is proposed. After fonnalin fixation, gelatin or agarose embedding, and cryoprotective treatment, frozen human spinal cords, brainstems, or hemispheres can be serially cut into 0.7 mm thick slices. Stained with gallocyanin-chromalum, these slices facilitate cytoarchitectonic, neuropathologic, and quantitative examination. Regions of interest from parallel fonnalin-stored unstained slices can be embedded into paraffin and stained by any irnrnunocytologic and histologic stain compatible with fonnalin fixation and paraffin embedding.},
language = {en}
}
@incollection{Ellgring1991,
author = {Ellgring, Johann Heinrich},
title = {Introduction. The use of Video for behavior description and intervention},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42019},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SendtnerArakawaStoecklietal.1991,
author = {Sendtner, Michael and Arakawa, Yoshihiro and St{\"o}ckli, Kurt A. and Kreutzberg, Georg W. and Thoenen, Hans},
title = {Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on motoneuron survival},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33048},
year = {1991},
abstract = {We have demonstrated that the extensive degeneration of motoneurons in the rat facial nucleus after transection of the facial nerve in newborn rats can be prevented by local ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) administration. CNTF differs distinctly from known neurotrophic molecules such as NGF, BDNF and NT-3 in both its molecular characteristics (CNTF is a cytosolic rather than a secretory molecule) and its broad spectrum of biological activities. CNTF is expressed selectively by Schwann cells and astrocytes of the peripheral and central nervous system, respectively, but not by target tissues of the great variety of CNTF -responsive neurons. CNTF mRNA is not detectable by Northern blot or PCR analysis during embryonic development and immediately after birth. However, during the second post-natal week, a more than 30-fold increase in CNTF mRNA and pro tein occurs in the sciatic nerve. Since the period of low CNTF levels in peripheral nerves coincides with that of high vulnerability of motoneurons (i.e. axonallesion results in degeneration of motoneuron cell bodies), insufficient availability of CNTF may be the reason for the rate of lesioninduced cell death of early post-natal motoneurons. Highly enriched embryonic chick motoneurons in culture are supported at survival rates higher than 60\% by CNTF, even in single cell cultures, indicating that CNTF acts directly on motoneurons. In contrast to CNTF, the members of the neurotrophin gene family (NGF, BDNF and NT-3) do not support the survival of motoneurons in culture. However, aFGF and bFGF show distinct survival activities which are additive to those of CNTF, resulting in the survival of virtually all motoneurons cultured in the presence of CNTF and bFGF.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FialaMaschwitz1991,
author = {Fiala, Brigitte and Maschwitz, Ulrich},
title = {Extrafloral nectaries in the genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) in Malaysia: comparative studies of their possible significance as predispositions for myrmecophytism.},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42863},
year = {1991},
abstract = {So me species of the paleotropical tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) live in elose association with ants. Thc genus comprises the full range of species from those not regularly inhabited by ants to obligate myrmecophytes. In Malaysia (peninsular and Borneo) 23 ofthe 52 species areknown to be ant-associated (44\%). The simplest structural adaptation of plants to attract ants are extrafloral nectaries. We studied the distribution of extraflural nectaries in the genus Macaranga to assess the significance of this character as a possible predisposition for the evolution of obligate myrmecophytism. All species have marginal glands on the leaves. However, only the glands of nonmyrmecophytic species function as nectaries, whereas liquids secreted by these glands in myrmecophytic species did not contain sugar. Some non-myrmecophytic Macaranga and transitional Macaranga species in addition have extrafloral nectaries on the leaf blade near the petiole insertion. All obligatorily myrmecophytic Macaranga species, however, lack additional glands on the lamina. The non-myrmecophytic species are visited by a variety of different ant species, whereas myrmecophytic Macaranga are associated only with one specific ant-partner. Since these ants keep scale insects in the hollow sterns, reduction of nectary production in ant-inhabited Macaranga seems to be biologically significant. We interpret this as a means of (a) saving the assimilates and (b) stabilization of maintenance of the association's specificity. Competition with other ant species for food rewards is avoided and thereby danger ofweakening the protective function ofthe obligate antpartner for the plant is reduced. A comparison with other euphorb species living in the same habitats as Macaranga showed that in genera in which extrafloral nectaries are widespread, no myrmecophytes have evolved. Possession of extrafloral nectaries does not appear to be essential for the development of symbiotic ant-plant interactions. Other predispositions such as nesting space might have played a more important role.},
subject = {Macaranga},
language = {en}
}
@article{KaupmannSendtnerStoecklietal.1991,
author = {Kaupmann, Klemens and Sendtner, Michael and St{\"o}ckli, Kurt A. and Jockusch, Harald},
title = {The gene of ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) maps to murine chromosome 19 and its expression is not affected in the hereditary motoneuron disease 'wobbler' of the mouse},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42626},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The cDNA for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a polypeptide involved in the survival of motoneurons in mammals, has recently been cloned (St{\"o}ckli et al., Nature, 342, 920 - 923, 1989; Lin et al. Science, 246, 1023 - 1025, 1989). We have now localized the corresponding gene Cntf to chromosome 19 in the mouse, using an interspecific cross between Mus spretus and Mus musculus domesticus. The latter was carrying the gene wobbler (wr) for spinal muscular atrophy. DNA was prepared from backcross individuals and typed for the segregation of species-specific Cntf restriction fragments in relation to DNA markers of known chromosomal location. The M.spretus allele of Cntf cosegregated with chromosome 19 markers and mapped closely to Ly-1, to a region of mouse chromosome 19 with conserved synteny to human chromosome 11q. Cntf is not linked to wr, and the expression of CNTF mRNA and protein appears close to normal in facial and sciatic nerves, of affected (wr/wr) mice, suggesting that motoneuron degeneration of wobbler mice has its origin in defects other than reduced CNTF expression.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{DabauvalleScheer1991,
author = {Dabauvalle, Marie-Christine and Scheer, Ulrich},
title = {Assembly of nuclear pore complexes in Xenopus egg extract},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-41194},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Dandekar1991,
author = {Dandekar, Thomas},
title = {Olbers' Paradox (peer-reviewed scientific correspondence)},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-31672},
year = {1991},
abstract = {No abstract available},
language = {en}
}
@article{WuBeckerWaagetal.1991,
author = {Wu, Y. S. and Becker, Charles R. and Waag, A. and Bicknell-Tassius, R. N. and Landwehr, G.},
title = {The effects of laser illumination and high energy electrons on molecular-beam epitaxial growth of CdTe},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-30795},
year = {1991},
abstract = {We report the results of a detailed investigation on the Te-stabilized (2 x 1) and the Cdstabilized c( 2 X 2) surfaces of ( 100) CdTe substrates. The investigation demonstrates for the first time that both laser illumination and, to a greater extent, high-energy electron irradiation increase the Te desorption and reduce the Cd desorption from ( 100) CdTe surfaces. Thus it is possible by choosing the proper growth temperature and photon or electron fluxes to change the surface reconstruction from the normally Te-stabilized to a Cd-stabilized phase.},
language = {en}
}