@misc{OPUS4-15997, title = {einBlick - Ausgabe 08 - 28. Februar 2017}, volume = {08/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159976}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-15998, title = {einBlick - Ausgabe 09 - 07. M{\"a}rz 2017}, volume = {09/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159984}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-15999, title = {einBlick -Ausgabe 10 - 14. M{\"a}rz 2017}, volume = {10/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159996}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Juliu-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-16000, title = {einBlick - Ausgabe 11 - 21. M{\"a}rz 2017}, volume = {11/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160008}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzbug}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-16002, title = {einBlick - Ausgabe 13 - 04. April 2017}, volume = {13/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160025}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-16003, title = {einBlick - Ausgabe 14 - 11. April 2017}, volume = {14/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160033}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @article{LapaAriasLozaHayakawaetal.2017, author = {Lapa, Constantin and Arias-Loza, Paula and Hayakawa, Nobuyuki and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Werner, Rudolf A. and Chen, Xinyu and Shinaji, Tetsuya and Herrmann, Ken and Pelzer, Theo and Higuchi, Takahiro}, title = {Whitening and impaired glucose utilization of brown adipose tissue in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-17148-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159066}, pages = {16795}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an attractive therapeutic target to combat diabetes and obesity due to its ability to increase glucose expenditure. In a genetic rat model (ZDF fa/fa) of type-2 diabetes and obesity, we aimed to investigate glucose utilization of BAT by \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging. Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Male Zucker lean (ZL) control rats were studied at 13 weeks. Three weeks prior to imaging, ZDF rats were randomized into a no-restriction (ZDF-ND) and a mild calorie restriction (ZDF-CR) group. Dynamic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET using a dedicated small animal PET system was performed under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET identified intense inter-scapular BAT glucose uptake in all ZL control rats, while no focally increased \(^{18}\)F-FDG uptake was detected in all ZDF-ND rats. Mild but significant improved BAT tracer uptake was identified after calorie restriction in diabetic rats (ZDF-CR). The weight of BAT tissue and fat deposits were significantly increased in ZDF-CR and ZDF-ND rats as compared to ZL controls, while UCP-1 and mitochondrial concentrations were significantly decreased. Whitening and severely impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in BAT was confirmed in a rat model of type-2 diabetes. Additionally, calorie restriction partially restored the impaired BAT glucose uptake.}, language = {en} } @article{HefnerBerberichLanversetal.2017, author = {Hefner, Jochen and Berberich, Sara and Lanvers, Elena and Sanning, Maria and Steimer, Ann-Kathrin and Kunzmann, Volker}, title = {New insights into frequency and contents of fear of cancer progression/recurrence (FOP/FCR) in outpatients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) receiving oral capecitabine: a pilot study at a comprehensive cancer center}, series = {Patient Preference and Adherence}, volume = {11}, journal = {Patient Preference and Adherence}, doi = {10.2147/PPA.S142784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158476}, pages = {1907-1914}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Fear of cancer progression/recurrence (FOP/FCR) is considered one of the most prevalent sources of distress in cancer survivors and associated with lower quality of life and functional impairment. Detailed measures of FOP/FCR are needed because little is known about the knowledge of FOP/FCR, its associations with the patient-doctor relationship, and the rate of adequate therapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer entities, and oral capecitabine is widely prescribed as treatment. Therefore, we initiated a pilot study to expand the literature on FOP/FCR in CRC outpatients receiving capecitabine and to generate hypotheses for future investigations. Methods: This study included 58 patients treated at a comprehensive cancer center. FOP/FCR was assessed with the Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FOP-Q-SF). Satisfaction with the relationships with doctors was assessed with the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire-9 (PRDQ-9). Levels of side effects were rated by the patients on a visual analog scale. Clinical data were extracted from the charts. Results: A total of 19 out of 58 patients (36\%) suffered from FOP/FCR according to our assessment. Levels of FOP/FCR seemed to be mostly moderate to high. Only four out of the 19 distressed patients (21\%) were treated accordingly. Typical side effects of oncological treatment were associated with higher FOP/FCR. Satisfaction with doctor-patient relationships was not associated with FOP/FCR. Regarding single items of FOP/FCR, three out of the five most prevalent fears were associated with close relatives. Discussion: FOP/FCR occurred frequently in more than one in three patients, but was mostly untreated in this sample of consecutive outpatients with CRC receiving oral capecitabine. In detail, most fears were related to family and friends. In addition to an unmet need of patients, our data indicate sources of distress not considered thus far. If replicated in larger studies, results may help to inform intervention development and improve patient care.}, language = {en} } @article{HocheSchmittHumeniuketal.2017, author = {Hoche, Joscha and Schmitt, Hans-Christian and Humeniuk, Alexander and Fischer, Ingo and Mitrić, Roland and R{\"o}hr, Merle I. S.}, title = {The mechanism of excimer formation: an experimental and theoretical study on the pyrene dimer}, series = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, volume = {19}, journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, number = {36}, doi = {10.1039/C7CP03990E}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159514}, pages = {25002-25015}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The understanding of excimer formation in organic materials is of fundamental importance, since excimers profoundly influence their functional performance in applications such as light-harvesting, photovoltaics or organic electronics. We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of the ultrafast dynamics of excimer formation in the pyrene dimer in a supersonic jet, which is the archetype of an excimer forming system. We perform simulations of the nonadiabatic photodynamics in the frame of TDDFT that reveal two distinct excimer formation pathways in the gas-phase dimer. The first pathway involves local excited state relaxation close to the initial Franck-Condon geometry that is characterized by a strong excitation of the stacking coordinate exhibiting damped oscillations with a period of 350 fs that persist for several picoseconds. The second excimer forming pathway involves large amplitude oscillations along the parallel shift coordinate with a period of ≈900 fs that after intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution leads to the formation of a perfectly stacked dimer. The electronic relaxation within the excitonic manifold is mediated by the presence of intermolecular conical intersections formed between fully delocalized excitonic states. Such conical intersections may generally arise in stacked π-conjugated aggregates due to the interplay between the long-range and short-range electronic coupling. The simulations are supported by picosecond photoionization experiments in a supersonic jet that provide a time-constant for the excimer formation of around 6-7 ps, in good agreement with theory. Finally, in order to explore how the crystal environment influences the excimer formation dynamics we perform large scale QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on a pyrene crystal in the framework of the long-range corrected tight-binding TDDFT. In contrast to the isolated dimer, the excimer formation in the crystal follows a single reaction pathway in which the initially excited parallel slip motion is strongly damped by the interaction with the surrounding molecules leading to the slow excimer stabilization on a picosecond time scale.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RoederHumeniukGiegerichetal.2017, author = {R{\"o}der, Anja and Humeniuk, Alexander and Giegerich, Jens and Fischer, Ingo and Poisson, Lionel and Mitric, Roland}, title = {Femtosecond Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Benzyl Radical}, series = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, doi = {10.1039/C7CP01437F}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159474}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We present a joint experimental and computational study of the nonradiative deactivation of the benzyl radical, C\(_7\)H\(_7\) after UV excitation. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging was applied to investigate the photodynamics of the radical. The experiments were accompanied by excited state dynamics simulations using surface hopping. Benzyl has been excited at 265 nm into the D-band (\(\pi\pi^*\)) and the dynamics was probed using probe wavelengths of 398 nm or 798 nm. With 398 nm probe a single time constant of around 70-80 fs was observed. When the dynamics was probed at 798 nm, a second time constant \(\tau_2\)=1.5 ps was visible. It is assigned to further non-radiative deactivation to the lower-lying D\(_1\)/D\(_2\) states.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{WohlgemuthMiyazakiTsukadaetal.2017, author = {Wohlgemuth, Matthias and Miyazaki, Mitsuhiko and Tsukada, Kohei and Weiler, Martin and Dopfer, Otto and Fujii, Masaaki and Mitrić, Roland}, title = {Deciphering environment effects in peptide bond solvation dynamics by experiment and theory}, series = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, doi = {10.1039/C7CP03992A}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159483}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Most proteins work in aqueous solution and the interaction with water strongly affects their structure and function. However, experimentally the motion of a specific single water molecule is difficult to trace by conventional methods, because they average over the heterogeneous solvation structure of bulk water surrounding the protein. Here, we provide a detailed atomistic picture of the water rearrangement dynamics around the -CONH- peptide linkage in the two model systems formanilide and acetanilide, which simply differ by the presence of a methyl group at the peptide linkage. The combination of picosecond pump-probe time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrates that the solvation dynamics at the molecular level is strongly influenced by this small structural difference. The effective timescales for solvent migration triggered by ionization are mainly controlled by the efficiency of the kinetic energy redistribution rather than the shape of the potential energy surface. This approach provides a fundamental understanding of protein hydration and may help to design functional molecules in solution with tailored properties.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WernerKobayashiWakabayashietal.2017, author = {Werner, Rudolf and Kobayashi, Ryohei and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Lapa, Constantin and Menke, Andreas and Higuchi, Takahiro}, title = {Effect of Antidepressants on Radiolabeled Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) Uptake}, series = {European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging}, volume = {18}, booktitle = {European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging}, number = {Supplement}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, issn = {2047-2404}, doi = {10.1093/ehjci/jex080}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161116}, pages = {i52-53}, year = {2017}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, subject = {MIBG}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WernerWakabayashiJahnsetal.2017, author = {Werner, Rudolf and Wakabayashi, Hiroshi and Jahns, Roland and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman and Jahns, Valerie and Higuchi, Takahiro}, title = {PET-Guided Histological Characterization of Myocardial Infiltrating Cells in a Rat Model of Myocarditis}, series = {European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging}, volume = {18}, booktitle = {European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging}, number = {Supplement}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, issn = {2047-2404}, doi = {10.1093/ehjci/jex071}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161127}, pages = {i1-i3}, year = {2017}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, subject = {Myokarditis}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WernerChenLapaetal.2017, author = {Werner, Rudolf and Chen, Xinyu and Lapa, Constantin and Robinson, Simon and Higuchi, Takahiro}, title = {Intracellular behavior of the novel sympathetic nerve agent \(^{18}\)F-LMI1195}, series = {Journal of Nuclear Cardiology}, volume = {24}, booktitle = {Journal of Nuclear Cardiology}, number = {4 Supplement (2017) Aug}, issn = {1071-3581}, doi = {10.1007/s12350-017-0984-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161137}, pages = {1461-1496}, year = {2017}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, subject = {Herz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WernerHiguchiMueggeetal.2017, author = {Werner, Rudolf and Higuchi, Takahiro and Muegge, Dirk and Javadi, Mehrbod S. and M{\"a}rkl, Bruno and Aulmann, Christoph and Buck, Andreas K. and Fassnacht, Martin and Lapa, Constantin and Kreissl, Michael C.}, title = {Predictive value of FDG-PET in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer undergoing vandetanib treatment}, series = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, volume = {58}, booktitle = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, number = {no. supplement 1}, issn = {0161-5505}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161147}, pages = {169}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Introduction: The prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is poor using common chemotherapeutic approaches. However, during the last years encouraging results of recently introduced tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as vandetanib have been published. In this study we aimed to correlate the results of \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([\(^{18}\)F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with treatment outcome. Methods: Eighteen patients after thyroidectomy with recurrent/advanced MTC lesions receiving vandetanib (300 mg orally/day) could be analysed. A baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET prior to and a follow-up \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET 3 months after TKI initiation were performed. During follow-up, tumor progression was assessed every 3 months including computed tomography according to RECIST. Progression-free survival (PFS) was correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value of \(^{18}\)F-FDG in lymph nodes (SUV(LN)max) or visceral metastases (SUV(MTS)max) as well as with clinical parameters using ROC analysis. Results: Within median 3.6 years of follow-up, 9 patients showed disease progression at median 8.5 months after TKI initiation. An elevated glucose consumption assessed by baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET (SUV(LN)max > 7.25) could predict a shorter PFS (2 y) with an accuracy of 76.5\% (SUV(LN)max <7.25, 4.3 y; p=0.03). Accordingly, preserved tumor metabolism in the follow-up PET (SUV(MTS)max >2.7) also demonstrated an unfavorable prognosis (accuracy, 85.7\%). On the other hand, none of the clinical parameters reached significance in response prediction. Conclusions: In patients with advanced and progressive MTC, tumors with higher metabolic activity at baseline are more aggressive and more prone to progression as reflected by a shorter PFS; they should be monitored more closely. Preserved glucose consumption 3 months after treatment initiation was also related to poorer prognosis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WernerLapaBucketal.2017, author = {Werner, Rudolf and Lapa, Constantin and Buck, Andreas and Lassmann, Michael and H{\"a}nscheid, Heribert}, title = {Less is sometimes more - Accurate Dose Mapping after Endoradiotherapy with \(^{177}\)Lu-DOTATATE/-TOC by One-Single Measurement after 96 h}, series = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, volume = {58}, booktitle = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, number = {No. Supplement 1}, publisher = {Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, issn = {0161-5505}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161168}, pages = {247}, year = {2017}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-17524, title = {einBlick - Ausgabe 12 - 28. M{\"a}rz 2017}, volume = {12/2017}, organization = {Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175244}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nachrichten aus der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, subject = {Universit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kraft2017, author = {Kraft, Andreas}, title = {Kristalline Polymernetzwerke aus dodekatopischen [60]Fullerenderivaten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147262}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine Serie von dodekatopischen [60]Fullerenhexakisaddukten, die mit zw{\"o}lf Carbons{\"a}uregruppen dekoriert sind, auf ihre Eigenschaften hin untersucht, ausgedehnte, kristalline Polymernetzwerke mit einer eventuellen Porosit{\"a}t darzustellen. Hierbei wurden die F{\"a}higkeiten der synthetisierten Dodekas{\"a}uren ausgenutzt {\"u}ber Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungen und Metallkoordinationen supramolekulare Kontakte auszubilden und ausgedehnte Netzwerke zu kn{\"u}pfen. In Kapitel 2 werden zun{\"a}chst die grundlegenden physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des sph{\"a}rischen [60]Fullerenmolek{\"u}ls, als Ausgangsverbindung f{\"u}r die Darstellung der supramolekularen Bausteine, vorgestellt. Insbesondere wird die chemische Funktionalisierbarkeit von C60 in verschiedenen Reaktionstypen unter Einbeziehung der selektiven, multiplen Funktionalisierbarkeit und der F{\"a}higkeit Th-symmetrische Hexakisaddukte auszubilden, beschrieben. Danach folgt in dem Unterkapitel 2.5 ein kurzer Literatur{\"u}berblick {\"u}ber das intermolekulare Vernetzen von C60 und dessen Derivaten zu gr{\"o}ßeren Molek{\"u}lverb{\"a}nden und polymeren Strukturen mit besonderem Augenmerk auf metallorganische Hybridarchitekturen, die aus funktionalisierten Fullerenen und Metallionen oder Metallclustern aufgebaut sind. Die Synthese der vier dodekatopischen, Th-symmetrischen [60]Fullerenhexakis-addukte C2-H, C3-H, C4-H und C5-H mit unterschiedlich langen Alkylketten in den Seitenarmen wird in Kapitel 4.1 beschrieben. Der Strukturtyp ist in Abbildung 114 gezeigt. Auszugsweise wird hier auch die Identifizierung der Molek{\"u}le und Kontrolle ihrer Reinheit mittels spektroskopischer Methoden vorgestellt. In Kapitel 4.2 wird die Darstellung von Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungsnetzwerken aus den synthetisierten Dodekas{\"a}uren beschrieben und deren erhaltenen Einkristallstrukturdaten diskutiert. Das Unterkapitel 4.2.2 besch{\"a}ftigt sich zus{\"a}tzlich mit der Kristallstruktur eines VAN-DER-WAALS-Netzwerkes des Dodekas{\"a}uremethylester C2- Me, welcher in situ bei Kristallisationsversuchen von C2-H erhalten wurde. Ein Vergleich der supramolekularen Netzwerke untereinander zeigt, dass das Packungsverhalten der Fullerenderivate, trotz Interaktion der Carbons{\"a}uren mit benachbarten Fullerenbausteinen und L{\"o}sungsmittelmolek{\"u}len, maßgeblich von den großen, sph{\"a}rischen Fullerengrundk{\"o}rpern bestimmt wird. Die erhaltenen Netzwerke weisen dabei alle kubisch-dichteste ABC-Packungsmuster auf, wie es auch bei reinem C60 [244] im Festk{\"o}rper oder bei den Fulleriden[214] beobachtet wird. Die unterschiedlich langen Seitenarme bestimmen dabei lediglich die Dimensionen der Packungen, eine m{\"o}gliche Verzerrung, sowie die Auspr{\"a}gungen der entstehenden Tetraeder- und Oktaederl{\"u}cken. Im Fall von C4-H richten die Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungen der Carbons{\"a}uregruppen die Seitenarme aus und bilden somit ein geordnetes, por{\"o}ses Netzwerk aus. In den supramolekularen Netzwerken wird {\"u}berwiegend die Raumgruppe R 3 ̅ beobachtet, außer f{\"u}r C3-H, bei der die kritische L{\"a}nge der Seitenketten, mit der Raumgruppe P1 ̅ , eine geringere Symmetrie erzwingt. Alle dargestellten supramolekularen Netzwerke sind in Abbildung 115 zusammengefasst. Obwohl die Anzahl der S{\"a}uregruppen in den Bausteinen jeweils gleich ist, wird in jedem Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckennetzwerk ein eigener Typus an verkn{\"u}pfenden H-Br{\"u}ckenbindungsclustern beobachtet. Bei C2-H erfolgt die Kn{\"u}pfungsbindung durch die Bereitstellung und Auff{\"u}llung von hydrophilen und hydrophoben Taschen, wobei die Distanz zwischen den S{\"a}uregruppen durch die Interkalation von L{\"o}sungsmittelmolek{\"u}len {\"u}berbr{\"u}ckt wird. In C3-H f{\"u}hrt die dreidimensionale Vernetzung {\"u}ber „S"-f{\"o}rmige S{\"a}uredimere. Und bei C4-H handelt es sich um zwei interpenetrierende Teilgitter, bei der zwei helikale H-Br{\"u}ckennetzwerke ineinander verschachtelt sind. Gem{\"a}ß der „goldenen Regel" des Kristalldesigns[212] (siehe Kapitel 4.2) maximieren die Netzwerke die Anzahl der klassischen S{\"a}uredimere mit dem steigenden Grad der geometrischen Flexibilit{\"a}t der Seitenarme. Bei C2-H sind die Arme noch zu kurz, so dass die Verkn{\"u}pfung {\"u}ber H-Br{\"u}ckencluster verl{\"a}uft. C3-H bildet mit acht Armen S{\"a}uredimere aus und C4-H verwendet alle Seitenarme f{\"u}r die Ausbildung von S{\"a}uredimeren. Der Vergleich des raumausf{\"u}llenden VAN-DER-WAALS-Netzwerkes von C2-Me mit dem H-Br{\"u}ckennetzwerk von C2-H legt zudem nahe, dass die Auspr{\"a}gung von Hohlr{\"a}umen ein Effekt der gerichteten Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungen sein muss. Aktivierungsversuche der Porenstruktur des H-Br{\"u}ckennetzwerks von C4-H und die Bestimmung der inneren Oberfl{\"a}che durch Gasadsorption runden das Kapitel ab. Die innere Oberfl{\"a}che konnte auf 40 m2g-1 f{\"u}r die BET-Adsorptionsisotherme mit Stickstoff bestimmt werden. Durch den Vergleich der Pulverdiffraktogramme vor und nach der Aktivierung konnte eine Phasenumwandlung festgestellt werden, die ein Kollabieren der Poren nahelegt. Die Implementierung von Metallen und Metallclustern in die Netzwerkstrukturen der Dodekas{\"a}uren wird im Kapitel 4.3 beschrieben. Hier konnte durch den Einbau von Zinkoxid-cluster in die Netzwerke von C2-H und C3-H die Hypothese eines „inversen MOFs" aufgestellt werden. Da sich die Zinkoxid-Cluster formal in die vorhandenen H-Br{\"u}ckencluster der Fullerennetzwerke implementieren ließen, ohne dass sich das Packungsverhalten der Fullerengrundk{\"o}rper wesentlich ver{\"a}nderte, kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass die strukturdirigierende Wirkung nicht wie in der klassischen MOF-Chemie {\"u}blich vom Metall, sondern vom organischen Bestandteil ausgeht. Das heißt Metall und Ligand tauschen hier ihre Funktionalit{\"a}t in Bezug auf ihre strukturdirigierende Wirkung. Die Zink-Fullerennetzwerke sind in Abbildung 116 dargestellt. Das Prinzip des „inversen MOFs" ist jedoch nicht auf die Metallfullerennetzwerke CdC2 und CdC4 {\"u}bertragbar. Die Struktur wird hier durch hohe Bereitschaft von Cadmium mit den Carbons{\"a}uregruppen Komplexe zu bilden dominiert. Cadmium bildet „zick-zack"-f{\"o}rmige, lineare Metallstr{\"a}nge aus, an denen die Seitenarme der Fullerenbausteine {\"u}ber Koordination mit den Carbons{\"a}uregruppen aufgespannt werden. In Abbildung 117 sind die beiden erhaltenen, por{\"o}sen Cadmium-Netzwerke dargestellt. Im Netzwerk von CuC2, das in Abbildung 118 gezeigt ist, kann die strukturdirigierende Wirkung weder dem Metall, noch der Dodekas{\"a}ure zugesprochen werden. Es kommt zur Ausbildung von zweidimensionalen metallorganischen Polymeren, indem je vier Fullerenbausteine {\"u}ber ein Kupferdimer koordiniert werden. Die Koordination von zwei weiteren Kupferionen, die jeweils endst{\"a}ndig das Dimer zu einem Tetramer erweitern, f{\"u}hren zu einer vollst{\"a}ndigen Inklusion der Metallionen in das Carbons{\"a}urenetzwerk. Die freien Koordinationsstellen an den Kupferionen sind mit Wassermolek{\"u}len abges{\"a}ttigt. Daraus resultiert die Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungen zwischen Wasser und den Carboxylgruppen der Seitenarme und somit die Ausbildung eines dreidimensionalen Netzwerkes mit einer sehr effektiven Raumausf{\"u}llung. Abbildung 118: Das Metallfullerennetzwerk von Kupfer und C2-H zeigt eine enge Verschachtelung der Bausteine und bildet keine Hohlr{\"a}ume aus. Das Metallfullerennetzwerk CaC2, das am Ende von Kapitel 4.3 behandelt wird, stellt einen Grenzfall zwischen H-Br{\"u}cken- und Metallfullerennetzwerk dar. Die Struktur ist in Abbildung 119 gezeigt. Sie weist bez{\"u}glich der Clusterbildungen in den Oktaeder- und Tetraederl{\"u}cken viele Parallelen zu den zinkhaltigen Netzwerken ZnC2 und ZnC3 auf. Die Clusterbildung von Kalzium erfolgt jedoch nur in jeder zweiten Oktaederl{\"u}cke und die entstehenden Tetraederl{\"u}cken werden, wie in dem H-Br{\"u}ckennetzwerk von C2-H von drei Carbons{\"a}uren aus der oberen Schicht gef{\"u}llt. Die jeweils andere Oktaederl{\"u}cke bleibt hingegen frei und schließt einen Hohlraum ein. Zudem ist CaC2 ein Hybridnetzwerk, da jeweils zwei Schichten zu einer metallorganischen Doppelschicht verkn{\"u}pft sind und die Doppelschichten untereinander {\"u}ber Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungen miteinander verbunden sind. Dabei entsteht die Koordination der S{\"a}uregruppen in hydrophilen Taschen, analog zum H-Br{\"u}ckennetzwerk von C2-H. Die erhaltenen Metallfullerennetzwerke wurden jeweils durch Pulverdiffraktometrie-untersuchungen in verschiedenen Aktivierungsversuchen untersucht. Die Netzwerke ZnC2 und CaC2 haben keine sinnvoll auswertbaren BET-Adsorptionsisothermen gezeigt. Von ZnC3 konnte eine geringe innere Oberfl{\"a}che von 25 m2g-1, bei CdC2 30 m2g-1 und bei CdC4 29 m2g-1 bestimmt werden. Gr{\"o}ßere innere Oberfl{\"a}chen mit stabileren Porosit{\"a}ten k{\"o}nnen vermutlich dann erhalten werden, wenn eine M{\"o}glichkeit gefunden wird Fullerenhexakisaddukte mit rigideren Seitenarmen zu synthetisieren. Trotz des starken, multivalenten Einflusses der zw{\"o}lf S{\"a}uregruppen und ihrer Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckenbindungs- und Metallcluster, konnte beobachtet werden, dass die strukturdirigierende Wirkung in den Netzwerken von C2-H, C3-H, C4-H, ZnC2, ZnC3 und CaC2 durch die Ausbildung eines jeweils kubisch dichtesten ABC-Packungsmusters vom nanoskaligen, sph{\"a}rischen Fullerenger{\"u}st ausgeht. Es konnten in der vorliegenden Arbeit neue, vielseitige molekulare Bausteine f{\"u}r den Aufbau von dreidimensional vernetzten, kristallinen Strukturen entwickelt werden. Mit Hilfe dieser Bausteine konnten, in ihrer Komplexizit{\"a}t und ihrem Vernetzungsgrad einzigartige, Wasserstoffbr{\"u}ckennetzwerke im Einkristall untersucht werden. Durch den Einbau der oktaedrischen Bausteine in Metallfullerennetzwerke gelang hier zum ersten Mal die Implementierung von [6:0]Hexakisaddukten bei denen die isotrope, sph{\"a}rische Funktionalisierung effizient f{\"u}r eine echte, dreidimensionale Vernetzung der Fullerengrundk{\"o}rper genutzt wurde. Die wenigen bekannten fullerenhaltigen MOFs beinhalteten bisher Hexakisaddukte lediglich als lineare Linker oder waren, wie bei {[Cd(36)2](NO3)2}∞, lediglich zweidimensional verkn{\"u}pft. Die neuen, außergew{\"o}hnlichen Strukturen der Metallfullerennetzwerke wurden beschrieben und diskutiert. Die Verwendung der Dodekas{\"a}uren als dodekatopische Linkermolek{\"u}le f{\"u}hrte zus{\"a}tzlich zu einer Ausweitung der Topizit{\"a}tspalette in der MOF-Synthese, bei der bisher in der Literatur lediglich Linkermolek{\"u}le mit einer maximal oktatopischen[200] Qualit{\"a}t zum Einsatz kamen. Zus{\"a}tzlich konnte der Begriff des „inversen MOFs" eingef{\"u}hrt werden, bei dem der strukturdirigierende Einfluss vom organischen Baustein ausgeht und dadurch organischer Linker und anorganisches Koordinationszentrum ihre Funktion in der klassischen MOF-Synthese tauschen.}, subject = {Polymeres Netzwerk}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schmitt2017, author = {Schmitt, Dominique}, title = {Initial characterization of mouse Syap1 in the nervous system: Search for interaction partners, effects of gene knockdown and knockout, and tissue distribution with focus on the adult brain}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147319}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The synapse-associated protein of 47 kDa (Sap47) in Drosophila melanogaster is the founding member of a phylogenetically conserved protein family of hitherto unknown molecular function. Sap47 is localized throughout the entire neuropil of adult and larval brains and closely associated with glutamatergic presynaptic vesicles of larval motoneurons. Flies lacking the protein are viable and fertile and do not exhibit gross structural or marked behavioral deficiencies indicating that Sap47 is dispensable for basic synaptic function, or that its function is compensated by other related proteins. Syap1 - the mammalian homologue of Sap47 - was reported to play an essential role in Akt1 phosphorylation in various non-neuronal cells by promoting the association of mTORC2 with Akt1 which is critical for the downstream signaling cascade for adipogenesis. The function of Syap1 in the vertebrate nervous system, however, is unknown so far. The present study provides a first description of the subcellular localization of mouse Syap1 in cultured motoneurons as well as in selected structures of the adult mouse nervous system and reports initial functional experiments. Preceding all descriptive experiments, commercially available Syap1 antibodies were tested for their specificity and suitability for this study. One antibody raised against the human protein was found to recognize specifically both the human and murine Syap1 protein, providing an indispensable tool for biochemical, immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies. In the course of this work, a Syap1 knockout mouse was established and investigated. These mice are viable and fertile and do not show obvious changes in morphology or phenotype. As observed for Sap47 in flies, Syap1 is widely distributed in the synaptic neuropil, particularly in regions rich in glutamatergic synapses but it was also detected at perinuclear Golgi-associated sites in certain groups of neuronal somata. In motoneurons the protein is especially observed in similar perinuclear structures, partially overlapping with Golgi markers and in axons, dendrites and axonal growth cones. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses showed widespread Syap1 expression in the central nervous system with regionally distinct distribution patterns in cerebellum, hippocampus or olfactory bulb. Besides its expression in neurons, Syap1 is also detected in non-neuronal tissue e.g. liver, kidney and muscle tissue. In contrast, non-neuronal cells in the brain lack the typical perinuclear accumulation. First functional studies with cultured primary motoneurons on developmental, structural and functional aspects reveal no influence of Syap1 depletion on survival and morphological features such as axon length or dendritic length. Contrary to expectations, in neuronal tissues or cultured motoneurons a reduction of Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 or Thr308 was not detected after Syap1 knockdown or knockout.}, subject = {Synapse}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bruehlmann2017, author = {Br{\"u}hlmann, David}, title = {Tailoring Recombinant Protein Quality by Rational Media Design}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147345}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Nowadays, more than half of the biotherapeutics are produced in mammalian cell lines as a result of correct protein folding and assembly as well as their faculty to bring about a variety of post-translational modifications. The widespread progression of biosimilars has moved the focus in mammalian cell-culture process development. Thereby, the modulation of quality attributes of recombinant therapeutic proteins has increasingly gained importance from early process development stages. Protein quality directly shapes the clinical efficacy and safety in vivo, and therefore, the control of the complex post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation (e.g. high mannose, fucosylation, galactosylation and sialylation), charge variants, aggregates and low-molecular-weight species formation, is pivotal for efficient receptor binding and for triggering the desired immune responses in patients. In the frame of biosimilar development, product quality modulation methods using the potential of the host cell line are particularly sought after to match the quality profile of the targeted reference medicinal product (RMP) as closely as possible. The environment the cell is dwelling in directly influences its metabolism and the resulting quality profile of the expressed protein. Thereby the cell culture medium plays a central role in upstream manufacturing. In this work, concentration adjustment of selected media components and supplementation with a variety of compounds was performed to alter various metabolic pathways, enzyme activities and in some cases the gene expression levels of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in culture. The supplementation of cell culture medium with the trisaccharide raffinose in fed-batch cultures entailed an increase of the abundance of high mannose glycans in two different CHO cell lines. Raffinose especially favored mannose 5 glycans. At the same time, it impaired cell culture performance, induced changes on the intracellular nucleotide levels and even varied the expression levels of glycosylation-related genes. Supplementation with a number of galactosyltransferase inhibiting compounds, in particular fluorinated galactose analogs (alpha- and beta-2F-peracetyl-galactose), consistently decreased the production of galactosylated monoclonal antibodies (mAb). By means of targeted addition during the culture rather than at the beginning, the inhibition was further increased, while limiting detrimental effects on both growth and productivity. High-throughput screening in 96-deepwell plates showed that spermine and L-ornithine also reduced the level of galactosylation. On the other hand, exploratory screening of a variety of potentially disulfide-bridge-reducing agents highlighted that the inherent low-molecular-species level of the proprietary platform cell culture process was likely due to favored reduction. This hypothesis was reinforced by the observation that supplementation of cysteine and N-acetylcysteine promoted fragmentation. Additionally, fragmentation decreased with higher protein expression. At that point, aiming to improve the efficiency in process development, a rational experimental design method was developed to identify and to define the optimal concentration range of quality modulating compounds by calling on a combination of high throughput fed-batch testing and multivariate data analysis. Seventeen medium supplements were tested in five parallel 96-deepwell plate experiments. The selection process of promising modulators for the follow-up experiment in shake tubes consisted in a three-step procedure, including principal component analysis, quantitative evaluation of their performance with respect to the specifications for biosimilarity and selection following a hierarchical order of decisions using a decision tree. The method resulted in a substantial improvement of the targeted glycosylation profile in only two experimental rounds. Subsequent development stages, namely validation and transfer to industrial-scale facilities require tight control of product quality. Accordingly, further mechanistic understanding of the underlying processes was acquired by non-targeted metabolomic profiling of a CHO cell line expressing a mAb cultured in four distinct process formats. Univariate analysis of intra- and extracellular metabolite and temporal glycosylation profiles provided insights in various pathways. The numerous of parameters were the main driver to carry out principal component analysis, and then, using the methodology of partial-least-square (PLS) projection on latent structures, a multivariate model was built to correlate the extracellular data with the distinct glycosylation profiles. The PLS observation model proved to be reliable and showed its great benefit for glycan pattern control in routine manufacturing, especially at large scale. Rather than relying on post-production interpretation of glycosylation results, glycosylation can be predicted in real-time based on the extracellular metabolite levels in the bioreactor. Finally, for the bioactivity assessment of the glycan differences between the biosimilar and the reference medicinal product (RMP), the health agencies may ask for in the drug registration process, extended ranges of glycan variants need to be generated so that the in vitro assays pick up the changes. The developed glycosylation modulator library enabled the generation of extreme glycosylation variants, including high mannose, afucosylated, galactosylated as well as sialic acid species of both a mAb and an antibody fusion molecule with three N-glycosylation sites. Moreover, to create increased variety, enzymatic glycoengineering was explored for galactosylation and sialylation. The glyco variants induced significant responses in the respective in vitro biological activity assays. The data of this work highlight the immense potential of cell culture medium optimization to adjust product quality. Medium and feed supplementation of a variety of compounds resulted in reproducible and important changes of the product quality profile of both mAbs and a fusion antibody. In addition to the intermediate modulation ranges that largely met the requirements for new-biological-entity and biosimilar development, medium supplementation even enabled quick and straightforward generation of extreme glycan variants suitable for biological activity testing.}, subject = {Zellkultur}, language = {en} }