TY - JOUR A1 - Pinkawa, Michael A1 - Aebersold, Daniel M. A1 - Böhmer, Dirk A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Ghadjar, Pirus A1 - Schmidt-Hegemann, Nina-Sophie A1 - Höcht, Stefan A1 - Hölscher, Tobias A1 - Müller, Arndt-Christian A1 - Niehoff, Peter A1 - Sedlmayer, Felix A1 - Wolf, Frank A1 - Zamboglou, Constantinos A1 - Zips, Daniel A1 - Wiegel, Thomas T1 - Radiotherapy in nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - Objective The current article encompasses a literature review and recommendations for radiotherapy in nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Materials and methods A literature review focused on studies comparing metastasis-directed stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) vs. external elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) and studies analyzing recurrence patterns after local nodal treatment was performed. The DEGRO Prostate Cancer Expert Panel discussed the results and developed treatment recommendations. Results Metastasis-directed radiotherapy results in high local control (often > 90% within a follow-up of 1–2 years) and can be used to improve progression-free survival or defer androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) according to prospective randomized phase II data. Distant progression after involved-node SABR only occurs within a few months in the majority of patients. ENRT improves metastases-free survival rates with increased toxicity in comparison to SABR according to retrospective comparative studies. The majority of nodal recurrences after initial local treatment of pelvic nodal metastasis are detected within the true pelvis and common iliac vessels. Conclusion ENRT with or without a boost should be preferred to SABR in pelvic nodal recurrences. In oligometastatic prostate cancer with distant (extrapelvic) nodal recurrences, SABR alone can be performed in selected cases. Application of additional systemic treatments should be based on current guidelines, with ADT as first-line treatment for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Only in carefully selected patients can radiotherapy be initially used without additional ADT outside of the current standard recommendations. Results of (randomized) prospective studies are needed for definitive recommendations. KW - prostate cancer KW - oligorecurrence KW - metastasis-directed therapy KW - radiation therapy KW - androgen deprivation therapy KW - stereotactic body radiotherapy KW - oligmometastases KW - lymph node metastases Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307763 SN - 0179-7158 SN - 1439-099X VL - 197 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El Majdoub, Faycal A1 - Hunsche, Stefan A1 - Igressa, Alhadi A1 - Kocher, Martin A1 - Sturm, Volker A1 - Maarouf, Mohammad T1 - Stereotactic LINAC-Radiosurgery for Glomus Jugulare Tumors: A Long-Term Follow-Up of 27 Patients JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background The optimal treatment of glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) remains controversial. Due to the critical location, microsurgery still provides high treatment-related morbidity and a decreased quality of life. Thus, we performed stereotactical radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of GJTs and evaluated the long-term outcome. Methods Between 1991 and 2011, 32 patients with GJTs underwent SRS using a linear accelerator (LINAC) either as primary or salvage therapy. Twenty-seven patients (median age 59.9 years, range 28.7-79.9 years) with a follow-up greater than five years (median 11 years, range 5.3-22.1 years) were selected for retrospective analysis. The median therapeutic single dose applied to the tumor surface was 15 Gy (range 11-20 Gy) and the median tumor volume was 9.5 ml (range 2.8-51 ml). Results Following LINAC-SRS, 10 of 27 patients showed a significant improvement of their previous neurological complaints, whereas 12 patients remained unchanged. Five patients died during follow-up due to old age or other, not treatment-related reasons. MR-imaging showed a partial remission in 12 and a stable disease in 15 patients. No tumor progression was observed. The actuarial overall survival rates after five, ten and 20 years were 100%, 95.2% and 79.4%, respectively. Conclusions Stereotactic LINAC-Radiosurgery can achieve an excellent long-term tumor control beside a low rate of morbidity in the treatment of GJTs. It should be considered as an alternative therapy regime to surgical resection or fractionated external beam radiation either as primary, adjuvant or salvage therapy. KW - gamma knife radiosurgery KW - accelerator based radiosurgery KW - radiation therapy KW - temporal bone KW - skull base KW - surgery KW - paragangliomas KW - management KW - radiotherapy KW - head Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151717 VL - 10 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerszten, Peter C. A1 - Sahgal, Arjun A1 - Sheehan, Jason P. A1 - Kersh, Ronald A1 - Chen, Stephanie A1 - Flickinger, John C. A1 - Quader, Mubina A1 - Fahim, Daniel A1 - Grills, Inga A1 - Shin, John H. A1 - Winey, Brian A1 - Oh, Kevin A1 - Sweeney, Reinhart A. A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias T1 - A multi-national report on methods for institutional credentialing for spine radiosurgery JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy and radiosurgery are rapidly emerging treatment options for both malignant and benign spine tumors. Proper institutional credentialing by physicians and medical physicists as well as other personnel is important for the safe and effective adoption of spine radiosurgery. This article describes the methods for institutional credentialing for spine radiosurgery at seven highly experienced international institutions. Methods: All institutions (n = 7) are members of the Elekta Spine Radiosurgery Research Consortium and have a dedicated research and clinical focus on image-guided spine radiosurgery. A questionnaire consisting of 24 items covering various aspects of institutional credentialing for spine radiosurgery was completed by all seven institutions. Results: Close agreement was observed in most aspects of spine radiosurgery credentialing at each institution. A formal credentialing process was believed to be important for the implementation of a new spine radiosurgery program, for patient safety and clinical outcomes. One institution has a written policy specific for spine radiosurgery credentialing, but all have an undocumented credentialing system in place. All institutions rely upon an in-house proctoring system for the training of both physicians and medical physicists. Four institutions require physicians and medical physicists to attend corporate sponsored training. Two of these 4 institutions also require attendance at a non-corporate sponsored academic society radiosurgery course. Corporate as well as non-corporate sponsored training were believed to be complimentary and both important for training. In 5 centers, all cases must be reviewed at a multidisciplinary conference prior to radiosurgery treatment. At 3 centers, neurosurgeons are not required to be involved in all cases if there is no evidence for instability or spinal cord compression. Backup physicians and physicists are required at only 1 institution, but all institutions have more than one specialist trained to perform spine radiosurgery. All centers believed that credentialing should also be device specific, and all believed that professional societies should formulate guidelines for institutions on the requirements for spine radiosurgery credentialing. Finally, in 4 institutions radiation therapists were required to attend corporate-sponsored device specific training for credentialing, and in only 1 institution were radiation therapists required to also attend academic society training for credentialing. Conclusions: This study represents the first multi-national report of the current practice of institutional credentialing for spine radiosurgery. Key methodologies for safe implementation and credentialing of spine radiosurgery have been identified. There is strong agreement among experienced centers that credentialing is an important component of the safe and effective implementation of a spine radiosurgery program. KW - cyberknife radiosurgery KW - advanced technology KW - conformal radiotherapy KW - clinical trials KW - quality assurance KW - credentialing KW - spine tumors KW - stereotactic body radiotherapy KW - spine Radiosurgery KW - paraspinal tumors KW - intensity modulated radiotherapy KW - ACR practice guidelines KW - radiation therapy Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131485 VL - 8 IS - 158 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wruck, Robert T1 - Wachstums- und Sekretionsverhalten humaner fetaler Lungenfibroblasten nach Applikation von Gamma-Strahlung in vitro T1 - Growth and secretion behavior of human fetal lung fibroblasts after application of gamma-radiation in vitro N2 - Der wesentliche Dosis limitierende Faktor einer Strahlentherapie thorakaler Malignome ist die Strahlenempfindlichkeit des Lungenparenchymes, da sich mit einer Häufigkeit von 25-75 % aller Patienten ein Strahlenschaden des Lungengewebes entwickeln kann. Die Inzidenz einer Lungenfibrose nach 6- 12 Monaten liegt bei 15-30%. Die Kombination zytostatischer Medikamente mit ionisierender Strahlung kann die Ansprechraten verbessern, kann andererseits die Inzidenz einer Pneumonitis erhöhen. Die konkreten Mechanismen, die zu einer Pneumonitis und einer strahleninduzierten Fibrose führen, sind bislang noch nicht vollständig bekannt. Es wird vermutet, daß die ortsständigen Zellen der Lunge eine aktivere Rolle in der Pathogenese als bisher angenommen, einnehmen. Tiermodelle der Strahlenschädiung der Lunge zeigten ein sehr frühe Expression von TGF-ß-mRNA and fibronectin-mRNA nach Bestrahlung. TGF-ß und Fibronectin sind in der BALF und Serum von an thorakalen Malignomen erkrankten, strahlentherapeutisch behandelten Patienten erhöht. Neben Makrophagen und Typ II Pneumocyten als zelluläre Quellen der genannten Cytokine, sind Fibroblasten in der Lage beide Agentien in erheblichem Umfang zu synthetisieren. Ziele Um die aktive Rolle von Fibroblasten in der Pathogenese der strahleninduzierten Lungenfibrose in Abwesenheit von Entzündungszellen zu untersuchen, bestrahlten wir Lungenfibroblasten in vitro und beobachteten folgende Parameter. 1. Zellwachstum 2. Synthese von Fibronectin 3. Synthese von Kollagen ( Procollagen-I-Peptid) 4. Synthese von TGF-ß1 Methoden Humane fetale Lungenfibroblasten (MRC-5 ,ICN Biochemicals Eschwege ,Deutschland) wurden in DME Medium kultiviert unter Zugabe von 10% FCS plus L-Glutamine, Penicillin G , Amphotericin B und Gentamycin; Luftfeuchtigkeit 100% , Temperatur 37°, CO2 5%, Medienwechsel erfolgten zweimal wöchentlich und 24 Stunden vor den Messungen. 24h nach der Aussaat der Zellen erfolgte die Strahlenapplikation (CO 60; 4.5, 7.5, 10.5 Gy ). Messungen erfolgten an den Tagen 3,6,9,12,15 nach Bestrahlung. Hierfür wurden folgende Materialien verwandt. Fibronectin (ELISA), Takara TGF beta (ELISA), DPC Biermann Procollagen-I-Peptide (ELISA), Takara LDH ( kinetischer Assay), Sigma Cell counts (Zählkammer) Alle Messungen wurden zweimal unternommen. Ergebnisse: 1. Das Zellwachstum wurde dosisabhängig gehemmt. 2. Beginnend am 3 Tag stieg die Syntheserate des Fibronectin dosisabhängig. 3. Ähnliche Beobachtungen wurde bzgl der Procollagen-I-Peptid Synthese beobachtet. 4. TGF-ß Spiegel fanden sich nach Bestrahlung ab Tag 6 bis zum 4-fachen über dem Ausgangswert erhöht und kehrten ziwschen den Tagen 9 und 15 auf das Ausgangsniveau zurück. 5. Eine Erhöhung des LDH wurde nicht beobachtet. Dies zeigte, dass eine Zytolyse kein wesentlichen Einfluß hatte. Disskusion: Bei Bestrahlung humaner fetaler Lungenfibroblasten wird das Zellwachstum dosisabhängig limitiert. Dies wurde nicht durch einen strahlenbedingt erhöhten Zelltod hervorgerufen , da das bestimmte LDH ( ein Marker der Zytolyse) in den Zellkulturüberständen nicht erhöht war. Wir vermuten, das durch Bestrahlung eine Differenzierung von Progenitor Fibroblasten zu postmitotischen Fibrocyten erfolgte, wie auch bereits von anderen Arbeitsgruppen berichtet. TGF-ß fand sich nach Bestrahlung in den Zellkulturüberständen deutlich erhöht. Es wird angenommen , daß TGF-ß eine Schlüsselrolle in der Pathogenese fibrosierender Erkrankungen der Lunge, der Leber, der Niere spielt und ebenso in die Enstehung der durch ionisierende Bestrahlung hervorgerufene Lungenfibrose eingebunden ist. Unsere Experimente haben gezeigt , daß Fibroblasten in der Lage sind große Mengen TGF-ß and Fibronectin - sogar in Abwesenheit von Entzündungszellen- zu erzeugen und sich vermutlich autokrin stimulieren können. Dieser Mechanismus wird als wichtiger Co-Faktor in der Pathobiologie verschiedener zur Fibrose führender Lungenerkrankungen angenommen. Schlussfolgerung Fibroblasten produzieren erhöhte Mengen TGF-ß und Fibronectin nach Applikation ionisierender Strahlung. Sie könnten in der Pathogenese der Strahlenschädigung der Lunge eine aktivere Rolle spielen als bisher angenommen. N2 - Introduction The major dosis limiting factor of radiation therapy of thoracic malignomas is the lung which may develop radiation injury with a frequency of 25-70% of patients .The incidence of lung fibrosis after 6-12 months ist 15-30 %. Combination of cytostatic drugs with ionizid radiation can improve response rates, but may result in a higher incidence of pneumonitis. The exact mechanisms leading to pneumonitis and radiation induced fibrosis of the lung are yet unknown.The structural cells of the lung are of the lung are probably involved in the pathogenesis in a more active way than thougt until now. Animal models of radiation injury of the lung showed a very early expression of TGF-beta -mRNA and fibronectin-mRNA after irradiation. TGF-ß and Fibronectin were elevated in BALF and in serum. Macrophages and type-II-pneumocytes are thought to be the cellular source, but fibroblasts also are capable to synthesize both agents in large amounts. Aims In order to investigate the active role of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of radiation fibrosis we irradiated human lung fibroblasts in vitro. We focused on following points: 1. cell growth 2. synthesis of fibronectin 3. synthesis of collagen (procollagen-I-peptid) 4. synthesis of TGF-beta-1 Methods Human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 ,ICN Biochemicals Eschwege ,Germany) cultured in DME-medium plus 10 % FCS plus L-glutamine, penicillin G, amphotericin B and gentamycine; air humidity 100 %, temp. 37°C, CO2 5%; change of medium twice weekly and 24 hr. before measurements. 24hrs. after seeding, application of ionizing radiation (CO 60; 4.5, 7.5, 10.5 Gy ). Measurements on day 3,6,9,12,15 after irradiation: Fibronectin (ELISA), Takara TGF beta (ELISA), DPC Biermann Procollagen-I-Peptide (ELISA), Takara LDH ( kinetic assay), Sigma Cell counts (counting chamber) All measurements have been done twice. Results 1. cell growth was inhibited in a dose dependent manner. 2. Beginning at day 3 cell related synthesis of fibronectin was increased depending on the dose of irradiation. 3. Similar observations were made in synthesis of procollagen-I-peptide. 4. TGF-beta levels were increased four fold after irradiation beginning on day 6 and returned to basal values between day 9 and 15 (the cells treated with 10.5 Gy were an exception. Here we found a furthermore higher secretion rate ). 5. No elevation of LDH was noticed, showing that cytolysis was not important in these effects. Discussion Irradiation of fetal human lung fibroblasts inihibited cell growth in a dose depend manner. This was not due to cell death initiated by ionizing rays, because LDH ( marker of cytolysis) was not elevated in culture supernatants. We assume that irradiation induces differentiation of progenitor-fibroblasts to promitotic fibrocytes as reported by other groups. TGF-beta was considerably elevated in culture supernatants after irradiation. TGF-beta is assumed to play a key role in fibrosing disease of lung, liver and kidney and may be involved in radiation induced lung fibrosis as well. Our experiments show, that fibroblasts are able to produce high amounts of TGF-beta and fibronectins - even if inflammatory cells are absent- and may stimulate themselves in an autocrine manner.This mechanism is thought to be an important co-factor in the pathobiology of different fibrosing disorders of the lung and may be important in radiation injury of the lung as well. Conclusion Fibroblasts produce increased amounts of TGF-beta and fibronectin after irradiation. They may play a more active role in the pathogenesis of radiation injury than thought up to now. KW - Ionisierende Strahlung KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Lungenfibrose KW - Fibroblast KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 KW - Prokollagen KW - Fibronectin KW - Radiation KW - radiation therapy KW - pulmonary fibrosis KW - fibroblast KW - transforming growth factor beta 1 KW - procollagen KW - fibronectin Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70698 ER -