TY - THES A1 - Ickrath, Pascal T1 - Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit mit dem kosmetischen Ergebnis im Vergleich zwischen konventioneller laparoskopischer und Single Port Cholezystektomie T1 - Quality of life and body image in comparison between standard multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy and single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy N2 - Untersuchung der postoperativen Lebensqualität und der Zufriedenheit mit dem kosmetischen Ergebnis bei Patienten mit Single Port Cholezystektomie (SPC) und Standard Multiport laparoskopischer Cholezystektomie (SMLC). Es erfolgte ein Patienteninterview mit dem Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) und dem Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12). Die Patienten mit SPC hatten eine signifikant höhere Zufriedenheit mit dem kosmetischen Resultat der Narbe, während die Lebensqualität sich nicht signifikant unterschied. N2 - To study the postoperative quality of life and body image of patients who underwent either single-port cholecystectomy (SPC) or standard multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SMLC). We used the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12) and the Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) for an interview with the patients. SPC patients were significantly more satisfied with the cosmetic result of their scar. The quality of life did not differ between the SPC and SMLC patients. KW - Laparoskopie KW - Single Port Cholezystektomie Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127405 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bittner, R. A1 - Bingener-Casey, J. A1 - Dietz, U. A1 - Fabian, M. A1 - Ferzli, G. S. A1 - Fortelny, R. H. A1 - Köckerling, F. A1 - Kukleta, J. A1 - LeBlanc, K. A1 - Lomanto, D. A1 - Misra, M. C. A1 - Morales-Conde, S. A1 - Ramshaw, B. A1 - Reinpold, W. A1 - Rim, S. A1 - Rohr, M. A1 - Schrittwieser, R. A1 - Simon, T. A1 - Smietanski, M. A1 - Stechemesser, B. A1 - Timoney, M. A1 - Chowbey, P. T1 - Guidelines for laparoscopic treatment of ventral and incisional abdominal wall hernias (International Endohernia Society [IEHS])—Part 2 JF - Surgical Endoscopy N2 - Guidelines are increasingly determining the decision process in day-to-day clinical work. Guidelines describe the current best possible standard in diagnostics and therapy. They should be developed by an international panel of experts, whereby alongside individual experience, above all, the results of comparative studies are decisive. According to the results of high-ranking scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, statements and recommendations are formulated, and these are graded strictly according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Guidelines can therefore be valuable in helping particularly the young surgeon in his or her day-to-day work to find the best decision for the patient when confronted with a wide and confusing range of options. However, even experienced surgeons benefit because by virtue of a heavy workload and commitment, they often find it difficult to keep up with the ever-increasing published literature. All guidelines require regular updating, usually every 3 years, in line with progress in the field. The current Guidelines focus on technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and constitute the first comprehensive guidelines on this topic. In this issue of Surgical Endoscopy, the first part of the Guidelines is published including sections on basics, indication for surgery, perioperative management, and key points of technique. The next part (Part 2) of the Guidelines will address complications and comparisons between open and laparoscopic techniques. Part 3 will cover mesh technology, hernia prophylaxis, technique-related issues, new technologic developments, lumbar and other unusual hernias, and training/education. KW - perioperative management KW - indication for surgery KW - laparoscopic ventral hernia repair KW - guidelines KW - evidence-based medicine Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121510 VL - 28 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bittner, R. A1 - Bingener-Casey, J. A1 - Dietz, U. A1 - Fabian, M. A1 - Ferzli, G. S. A1 - Fortelny, R. H. A1 - Köckerling, F. A1 - Kukleta, J. A1 - LeBlanc, K. A1 - Lomanto, D. A1 - Misra, M. C. A1 - Bansal, V. K. A1 - Morales-Conde, S. A1 - Ramshaw, B. A1 - Reinpold, W. A1 - Rim, S. A1 - Rohr, M. A1 - Schrittwieser, R. A1 - Simon, T. A1 - Smietanski, M. A1 - Stechemesser, B. A1 - Timoney, M. A1 - Chowbey, P. T1 - Guidelines for laparoscopic treatment of ventral and incisional abdominal wall hernias (International Endohernia Society (IEHS)—Part 1 JF - Surgical Endoscopy N2 - Guidelines are increasingly determining the decision process in day-to-day clinical work. Guidelines describe the current best possible standard in diagnostics and therapy. They should be developed by an international panel of experts, whereby alongside individual experience, above all, the results of comparative studies are decisive. According to the results of high-ranking scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, statements and recommendations are formulated, and these are graded strictly according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Guidelines can therefore be valuable in helping particularly the young surgeon in his or her day-to-day work to find the best decision for the patient when confronted with a wide and confusing range of options. However, even experienced surgeons benefit because by virtue of a heavy workload and commitment, they often find it difficult to keep up with the ever-increasing published literature. All guidelines require regular updating, usually every 3 years, in line with progress in the field. The current Guidelines focus on technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and constitute the first comprehensive guidelines on this topic. In this issue of Surgical Endoscopy, the first part of the Guidelines is published including sections on basics, indication for surgery, perioperative management, and key points of technique. The next part (Part 2) of the Guidelines will address complications and comparisons between open and laparoscopic techniques. Part 3 will cover mesh technology, hernia prophylaxis, technique-related issues, new technologic developments, lumbar and other unusual hernias, and training/education. KW - evidence-based medicine KW - guidelines KW - laparoscopic ventral hernia repair KW - indication for surgery KW - perioperative management Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121294 VL - 28 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bittner, R. A1 - Bingener-Casey, J. A1 - Dietz, U. A1 - Fabian, M. A1 - Ferzli, G. A1 - Fortelny, R. A1 - Köckerling, F. A1 - Kukleta, J. A1 - LeBlanc, K. A1 - Lomanto, D. A1 - Misra, M. A1 - Morales-Conde, S. A1 - Ramshaw, B. A1 - Reinpold, W. A1 - Rim, S. A1 - Rohr, M. A1 - Schrittwieser, R. A1 - Simon, T. A1 - Smietanski, M. A1 - Stechemesser, B. A1 - Timoney, M. A1 - Chowbey, P. T1 - Guidelines for laparoscopic treatment of ventral and incisional abdominal wall hernias (International Endohernia Society [IEHS])—Part III JF - Surgical Endoscopy N2 - Guidelines are increasingly determining the decision process in day-to-day clinical work. Guidelines describe the current best possible standard in diagnostics and therapy. They should be developed by an international panel of experts, whereby alongside individual experience, above all, the results of comparative studies are decisive. According to the results of high-ranking scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, statements and recommendations are formulated, and these are graded strictly according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Guidelines can therefore be valuable in helping particularly the young surgeon in his or her day-to-day work to find the best decision for the patient when confronted with a wide and confusing range of options. However, even experienced surgeons benefit because by virtue of a heavy workload and commitment, they often find it difficult to keep up with the ever-increasing published literature. All guidelines require regular updating, usually every 3 years, in line with progress in the field. The current Guidelines focus on technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and constitute the first comprehensive guidelines on this topic. In this issue of Surgical Endoscopy, the first part of the Guidelines is published including sections on basics, indication for surgery, perioperative management, and key points of technique. The next part (Part 2) of the Guidelines will address complications and comparisons between open and laparoscopic techniques. Part 3 will cover mesh technology, hernia prophylaxis, technique-related issues, new technologic developments, lumbar and other unusual hernias, and training/education. KW - evidence-based medicine KW - guidelines KW - laparoscopic ventral hernia repair KW - indication for surgery KW - perioperative management Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121289 VL - 28 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Kapp, Markus A1 - Hartlapp, Ingo A1 - Steger, Ulrich T1 - Intensified neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine followed by FOLFIRINOX in a patient with locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer JF - Case Reports in Oncology N2 - The prognosis of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer can be improved if secondary complete (R0) resection is possible. In patients initially staged as unresectable this may be achieved with neoadjuvant treatment which is usually chemoradiotherapy based. We report the case of a 46-year-old patient with an unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (pT4 Nx cM0 G2) who was treated with a sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen consisting of 2 cycles of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRINOX. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in secondary resectability (R0 resection). After 2 cycles of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, the patient already had a complete metabolic remission as measured by integrated fludeoxyglucose ((18)F) positron emission tomography and computerized tomography. After a follow-up of 18 months the patient is alive without progression of disease. We propose to assess the clinical benefit of sequencing the combinations nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced and initially unresectable pancreatic cancer in a controlled clinical trial. KW - nab-paclitaxel KW - neoadjuvant chemotherapy KW - oxaliplatin KW - pancreatic cancer KW - locally advanced disease KW - irinotecan KW - gemcitabine KW - folinic acid KW - 5-Fluorouracil Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120189 SN - 1662-6575 VL - 7 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, U. A. A1 - Wichelmann, C. A1 - Wunder, C. A1 - Kauczok, J. A1 - Spor, L. A1 - Strauß, A. A1 - Wildenauer, R. A1 - Jurowich, C. A1 - Germer, C. T. T1 - Early repair of open abdomen with a tailored two-component mesh and conditioning vacuum packing: a safe alternative to the planned giant ventral hernia JF - Hernia N2 - Purpose Once open abdomen therapy has succeeded, the problem of closing the abdominal wall must be addressed. We present a new four-stage procedure involving the application of a two-component mesh and vacuum conditioning for abdominal wall closure of even large defects. The aim is to prevent the development of a giant ventral hernia and the eventual need for the repair of the abdominal wall. Methods Nineteen of 62 patients treated by open abdomen over a two-year period could not receive primary abdominal wall closure. To achieve closure in these patients, we applied the following four-stage procedure: stage 1: abdominal damage control and conditioning of the abdominal wall; stage 2: attachment of a tailored two-component mesh of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and large pore polypropylene (PP) in intraperitoneal position (IPOM) plus placement of a vacuum bandage; stage 3: vacuum therapy for 3–4 weeks to allow granulation of the mesh and optimization of dermatotraction; stage 4: final skin suture. During stage 3, eligible patients were weaned from respirator and mobilized. Results The abdominal wall gap in the 19 patients ranged in size from 240 cm2 to more than 900 cm2. An average of 3.44 vacuum dressing changes over 19 days were required to achieve 60–100 % granulation of the surface area, so final skin suture could be made. Already in stage 3, 14 patients (73.68 %) could be weaned from respirator an average of 6.78 days after placement of the two-component mesh; 6 patients (31.57 %) could be mobilized on the edge of the bed and/or to a bedside chair after an average of 13 days. No mesh-related hematomas, seromas, or intestinal fistulas were observed. Conclusion The four-stage procedure presented here is a viable option for achieving abdominal wall closure in patients treated with open abdomen, enabling us to avoid the development of planned giant ventral hernias. It has few complications and has the special advantage of allowing mobilization of the patients before final skin closure. Long-term course in a large number of patients must still confirm this result. KW - synthetic mesh KW - giant ventral hernia KW - laparostomy KW - open abdomen KW - vacuum conditioning Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126732 VL - 16 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schick, Martin Alexander A1 - Baar, Wolfgang A1 - Bruno, Raphael Romano A1 - Wollborn, Jakob A1 - Held, Christopher A1 - Schneider, Reinhard A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Neuhaus, Winfried A1 - Wunder, Christian T1 - Balanced hydroxyethylstarch (HES 130/0.4) impairs kidney function in-vivo without inflammation JF - PLoS One N2 - Volume therapy is a standard procedure in daily perioperative care, and there is an ongoing discussion about the benefits of colloid resuscitation with hydroxyethylstarch (HES). In sepsis HES should be avoided due to a higher risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). Results of the usage of HES in patients without sepsis are controversial. Therefore we conducted an animal study to evaluate the impact of 6% HES 130/0.4 on kidney integrity with sepsis or under healthy conditions Sepsis was induced by standardized Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (sCASP). sCASP-group as well as control group (C) remained untreated for 24 h. After 18 h sCASP+HES group (sCASP+VOL) and control+HES (C+VOL) received 50 ml/KG balanced 6% HES (VOL) 130/0.4 over 6h. After 24h kidney function was measured via Inulin- and PAH-Clearance in re-anesthetized rats, and serum urea, creatinine (crea), cystatin C and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as well as histopathology were analysed. In vitro human proximal tubule cells (PTC) were cultured +/- lipopolysaccharid (LPS) and with 0.1–4.0% VOL. Cell viability was measured with XTT-, cell toxicity with LDH-test. sCASP induced severe septic AKI demonstrated divergent results regarding renal function by clearance or creatinine measure focusing on VOL. Soleley HES (C+VOL) deteriorated renal function without sCASP. Histopathology revealed significantly derangements in all HES groups compared to control. In vitro LPS did not worsen the HES induced reduction of cell viability in PTC cells. For the first time, we demonstrated, that application of 50 ml/KG 6% HES 130/0.4 over 6 hours induced AKI without inflammation in vivo. Severity of sCASP induced septic AKI might be no longer susceptible to the way of volume expansion KW - colloids KW - kidneys KW - histopathology KW - blood KW - creatinine KW - sepsis KW - urine KW - inflammation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126068 VL - 10 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schick, Martin A. A1 - Baar, Wolfgang A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Wollborn, Jakob A1 - Held, Christopher A1 - Schneider, Reinhard A1 - Brock, Robert W. A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Wunder, Christian T1 - Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis in rats - a simple, reproducible animal model JF - Intensive Care Medicine Experimental N2 - Background Up to 50% of septic patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI). The pathomechanism of septic AKI is poorly understood. Therefore, we established an innovative rodent model to characterize sepsis-induced AKI by standardized colon ascendens stent peritonitis (sCASP). The model has a standardized focus of infection, an intensive care set up with monitoring of haemodynamics and oxygenation resulting in predictable impairment of renal function, AKI parameters as well as histopathology scoring. Methods Anaesthetized rats underwent the sCASP procedure, whereas sham animals were sham operated and control animals were just monitored invasively. Haemodynamic variables and blood gases were continuously measured. After 24 h, animals were reanesthetized; cardiac output (CO), inulin and PAH clearances were measured and later on kidneys were harvested; and creatinine, urea, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were analysed. Additional sCASP-treated animals were investigated after 3 and 9 days. Results All sCASP-treated animals survived, whilst ubiquitous peritonitis and significantly deteriorated clinical and macrohaemodynamic sepsis signs after 24 h (MAP, CO, heart rate) were obvious. Blood analyses showed increased lactate and IL-6 levels as well as leucopenia. Urine output, inulin and PAH clearance were significantly decreased in sCASP compared to sham and control. Additionally, significant increase in cystatin C and NGAL was detected. Standard parameters like serum creatinine and urea were elevated and sCASP-induced sepsis increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. The renal histopathological score of sCASP-treated animals deteriorated after 3 and 9 days. Conclusions The presented sCASP method is a standardized, reliable and reproducible method to induce septic AKI. The intensive care set up, continuous macrohaemodynamic and gas exchange monitoring, low mortality rate as well as the opportunity of detailed analyses of kidney function and impairments are advantages of this setup. Thus, our described method may serve as a new standard for experimental investigations of septic AKI. KW - CASP KW - animal model KW - acute kidney injury KW - sepsis Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126111 VL - 2 IS - 34 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Schedelbeck, Ulla A1 - Pulzer, Alina A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Steger, U. T1 - A case report of a solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma JF - BMC Surgery N2 - Background Solitary metastases to the pancreas are rare. Therefore the value of resection in curative intention remains unclear. In the literature there are several promising reports about resection of solitary metastasis to the pancreas mainly of renal origin. Case presentation Here we report for the first time on the surgical therapy of a 1.5 cm solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma. The metastasis occurred almost 6 years after resection of the primary tumor. A partial pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and postoperatively adjuvant mitotane treatment was initiated. During the follow-up of 3 years after surgery no evidence of tumor recurrence occurred. Conclusion Resection of pancreatic tumors should be considered, even if the mass is suspicious for metastatic disease including recurrence of adrenocortical cancer. KW - surgical treatment KW - adrenocortical KW - carcinoma metastases to pancreas Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126130 VL - 15 IS - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - von Rahden, Burkhard H. A1 - Miras, Alexander D. A1 - Gasser, Martin A1 - Maeder, Uwe A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Pelz, Jörg O. W. A1 - Kerscher, Alexander G. T1 - Incidence, time course and independent risk factors for metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric origin – a longitudinal experience from a prospectively collected database of 1108 patients JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Comprehensive evidence on the incidence, time course and independent risk factors of metachronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (metaPC) in gastric cancer patients treated with curative intent in the context of available systemic combination chemotherapies is lacking. Methods Data from a prospectively collected single-institutional Center Cancer Registry with 1108 consecutive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GC), clinical, histological and survival data were analyzed for independent risk factors and prognosis with focus on the development of metaPC. Findings were then stratified to the time periods of treatment with surgery alone, 5-Fluorouracil-only and contemporary combined systemic perioperative chemotherapy strategies, respectively. Results Despite R0 D2 gastrectomy (n = 560), 49.6% (±5.4%) of the patients were diagnosed with tumour recurrence and 15.5% (±1.8%) developed metaPC after a median time of 17.7 (15.1-20.3) months after surgery resulting in a tumour related mortality of 100% with a median survival of 3.0 months (2.1 – 4.0). Independent risk factors for the development of metaPC were serosa positive T-category, nodal positive-status, signet cell and undifferentiated gradings (G3/G4). Contemporary systemic combination chemotherapy did not improve the incidence and prognosis of metaPC (p = 0.54). Conclusions Despite significant improvements in the overall survival for the complete cohort with gastric cancer over time, those patients with metaPC did not experience the same benefits. The lack of change in the incidence, and persistent poor prognosis of metaPC after curative surgery expose the need for further prevention and/or improved treatment options for this devastating condition. KW - recurrence survival KW - metachronous KW - peritoneal carcinomatosis KW - gastric cancer KW - risk factors KW - perioperative chemotherapy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125014 VL - 15 IS - 73 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grimmig, Tanja Maria T1 - Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer: The role of Foxp3, TLR7 and TLR8 in gastrointestinal cancer T1 - Immunsystem, Entzündung und Krebs: die Rolle von Foxp3, TLR7 und TLR8 in gastrointestinalen Tumorerkrankungen N2 - Regulatory T cells (Treg) expressing the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) have been demonstrated to mediate evasion from anti-tumor immune responses during tumor progression. Moreover, Foxp3 expression by tumor cells themselves may allow them to counteract effector T cell responses, resulting in a survival benefit of the tumor. For gastrointestinal cancers, in particular pancreatic and colorectal cancer (CRC), the clinical relevance of Foxp3 is not clear to date. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze its impact in CRC and pancreatic cancer. To determine the relevance of Foxp3 for tumor progression and patient survival, gene and protein analysis of human pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines as well as tumor tissues from patients with CRC was performed. The results derived from the patients with CRC were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patients’ overall survival. Cancer cell mediated Foxp3 expression in vitro was demonstrated in human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC1, PaCa DD 135, PaCa DD 159 and PaCa DD 185 as well as in human colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620. Additionally, Foxp3 expressing cancer cells were found in ex vivo tumor tissue samples of patients with CRC. The percentage of Foxp3+ cancer cells increased from stages UICC I/II to UICC III/IV compared to normal tissue. Moreover, high tumor cell mediated Foxp3 expression was associated with poor prognosis compared to patients with low Foxp3 expression. In contrast, low and high Foxp3 level in tumor infiltrating Treg cells demonstrated no significant differences in patients’ overall survival. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association of Foxp3 cancer cell expression with the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. These findings suggest that Immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β released by rather Foxp3+ cancer cells than Foxp3+ Treg cells may inhibit the activation of naive T cells, hence limiting antitumor immune responses and favoring tumorigenesis and progression. Chronic inflammation has been shown to be an important epigenetic and environmental factor in numerous tumor entities. Recent data suggest that tumorigenesis and tumor progression may be associated with inflammation-triggered activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR). In this study, the specific impact of both TLR7 and TLR8 expression and signaling on tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance is analyzed in inflammation linked CRC and pancreatic cancer. By gene and protein expression analysis of human pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines TLR7 and TLR8 expression was determined in vitro. Additionally, expression of TLR7/TLR8 in UICC stage I-IV pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue was examined. For in vitro/in vivo studies TLR7/TLR8 overexpressing PANC1 cell lines were generated and analyzed for effects of TLR expression and stimulation on tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Cancer cell mediated TLR7 and TLR8 expression in vitro was demonstrated in human colon cancer cell lines SW480, SW620 and HT-29 as well as in primary pancreatic cancer cell lines PaCa DD 135, PaCa DD 159 and PaCa DD 185. Additionally, TLR7 and TLR8 expressing tumor cells were found in ex vivo tissue samples of patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Significantly elevated expression levels of TLR7 and TLR8 were found in advanced tumor stages (UICC III) compared to early tumor stages (UICC II) and chronic pancreatitis. No or occasionally low expression was detected in normal pancreatic tissue. In contrast to the tissues from patients with pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis, established pancreatic tumor cell lines express only very low levels of TLR7 and TLR8. Therefore, for in vitro and xenograft studies TLR7 or TLR8 overexpressing PANC1 cells were generated. Proliferation promoting effects of TLR7 and TLR8 expression and stimulation with R848 were detected in vitro. Additionally, increased tumor growth of TLR expressing PANC1 cells was demonstrated in subcutaneously injected Balb/c nude mice. Interestingly, activation of TLR7 or TLR8 induced not only an increase in tumor cell proliferation but also a strong chemoresistance of PANC1 cells against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Moreover, treatment with R848 resulted in elevated expression levels of NF-κB, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α, suggesting TLR7/8 signaling to contribute to an inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and proliferation promoting tumor microenvironment. These findings emphasize the particular role of TLR7 and TLR8 in inflammation related cancers and their relevance as potential targets for cancer therapy.   N2 - In jüngerer Vergangenheit wurde regulatorischen T-Zellen, die den Transkriptionsfaktor forkhead-box protein P3 (Foxp3) exprimieren, wiederholt die Fähigkeit zugesprochen, Antitumorimmunreaktionen während der Tumorentwicklung und –progression abzuschwächen. Daneben sind Tumorzellen selbst befähigt Foxp3 zu exprimieren. Sie können damit der Effektor-T-Zell-Antwort entgegen wirken und so Tumorwachstum begünstigen. Die klinische Bedeutung der Foxp3-Expression in gastrointestinalen Tumoren, insbesondere im Pankreaskarzinom und kolorektalen Karzinom, ist zum heutigen Stand noch unklar. Daher war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Bedeutung von Foxp3 im Pankreaskarzinom und kolorektalen Karzinom weiter aufzuklären. Um seine prognostische Relevanz hinsichtlich der Tumorprogression sowie das Patienten-Überleben zu untersuchen, wurden Gen- und Proteinexpressionsanalysen in Tumorgeweben aus Patientenkohorten mit kolorektalem Karzinom durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse aus den Tumorgeweben wurden mit klinikopathologischen Parametern und dem Gesamtüberleben der Patienten korreliert. Sowohl in den humanen Pankreaskarzinomzelllinien PANC1, PaCa DD 135, PaCa DD 159 und PaCa DD 185 als auch in den humanen Kolonkarzinomzelllinien SW480 und SW620 konnte tumorzellvermittelte Foxp3 Expression nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich wurden auch in den ex vivo Gewebeproben Foxp3-exprimierende Tumorzellen vorgefunden. Dabei nahm der Anteil an Foxp3-positiven Tumorzellen stadienabhängig von frühen zu fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadien (UICC I/II zu UICC III/IV) zu. Zudem waren Patienten mit einer starken Expression von Foxp3 im Vergleich zu Patienten mit niedrigem Foxp3-Expressionsprofil in den Tumorzellen von einer schlechten klinischen Prognose gekennzeichnet. Hohe bzw. niedrige Foxp3-Expressionen in tumorinfiltrierenden T-Zellen zeigten dagegen keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Gesamtüberleben der Patienten. In der Korrelationsanalyse ergab sich außerdem eine signifikante Verknüpfung von Foxp3-Expression mit der Expression der immunsuppressiven Zytokine IL-10 und TGF-β in den Tumorzellen. Diese Beobachtungen lassen vermuten, dass Foxp3-positive Tumorzellen durch die Sekretion von immunsuppressiven Zytokinen wie IL-10 und TGF-β im Tumormikromilieu die Aktivierung naiver T-Zellen inhibieren. Damit würden Antitumorimmunreaktionen unterdrückt und das Tumorwachstum begünstigt. Chronische Entzündungsreaktionen sind wichtige epigenetische Faktoren in verschiedenen Tumorentitäten. Neuere Daten deuten darauf hin, dass Karzinogenese und Tumorprogression in Verbindung mit inflammationsinduzierter Aktivierung von Toll-like Rezeptoren (TLR) stehen. In dieser Arbeit wurde insbesondere der Einfluss der beiden Rezeptoren TLR7 und TLR8 auf die Tumorzellproliferation und Chemotherapieresistenz von gastrointestinalen Tumoren wie das kolorektale Karzinom und das Pankreaskarzinom untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Gen- und Proteinexpressionsanalysen wurde die tumorzellvermittelte Expression von TLR7 und TLR8 in vitro in verschiedenen humanen Kolon- als auch Pankreaskarzinomzelllinien nachgewiesen. Zusätzlich wurde verstärkte TLR7 und TLR8 Expression in Tumorgewebeproben aus Patienten mit Pankreaskarzinom als auch bei chronischer Pankreatitis vorgefunden, wobei die Expression in fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadien (UICC III) gegenüber früheren Stadien (UICC II) und chronischer Pankreatitis signifikant erhöht war. In vitro und in vivo Untersuchungen im xenogenen Tumormodell mit humanem Pankreaskarzinom zeigten für TLR7- und TLR8-exprimierende PANC1-Pankreaskarzinome signifikant gesteigerte Tumorproliferationen. Zusätzlich wurde durch die gezielte TLR7/8 Stimulation mit der Substanz R848 eine ausgeprägte Chemotherapieresistenz gegenüber 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) induziert. Die Aktivierung von TLR7 und TLR8 führte darüber hinaus zu einer verstärkten Expression von NF-kB, COX-2, sowie den proinflammatorischen Zytokinen IL-1β, IL-8 und TNF-α. Diese Beobachtungen legen nahe, dass die TLR7/8 Signalgebung zu inflammatorischen, antiapoptotischen und proliferationsfördernden Prozessen im Tumormikromilieu beiträgt und unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Toll like Rezeptoren 7 und 8 als potentielle therapeutische Zielstrukturen in inflammationsassoziierten Tumorerkrankungen. KW - Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs KW - Foxp3 KW - TLR7 KW - TLR8 KW - Tumorerkrankungen KW - gastrointestinal cancer KW - Dickdarmkrebs KW - Toll-like-Rezeptoren KW - Regulatorischer T-Lymphozyt Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125248 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muysoms, F. A1 - Campanelli, G. A1 - Champault, G. G. A1 - DeBeaux, A. C. A1 - Dietz, U. A. A1 - Jeekel, J. A1 - Klinge, U. A1 - Köckerling, F. A1 - Mandala, V. A1 - Montgomery, A. A1 - Morales Conde, S. A1 - Puppe, F. A1 - Simmermacher, R. K. J. A1 - Śmietański, M. A1 - Miserez, M. T1 - EuraHS: the development of an international online platform for registration and outcome measurement of ventral abdominal wall hernia repair JF - Hernia N2 - Background Although the repair of ventral abdominal wall hernias is one of the most commonly performed operations, many aspects of their treatment are still under debate or poorly studied. In addition, there is a lack of good definitions and classifications that make the evaluation of studies and meta-analyses in this field of surgery difficult. Materials and methods Under the auspices of the board of the European Hernia Society and following the previously published classifications on inguinal and on ventral hernias, a working group was formed to create an online platform for registration and outcome measurement of operations for ventral abdominal wall hernias. Development of such a registry involved reaching agreement about clear definitions and classifications on patient variables, surgical procedures and mesh materials used, as well as outcome parameters. The EuraHS working group (European registry for abdominal wall hernias) comprised of a multinational European expert panel with specific interest in abdominal wall hernias. Over five working group meetings, consensus was reached on definitions for the data to be recorded in the registry. Results A set of well-described definitions was made. The previously reported EHS classifications of hernias will be used. Risk factors for recurrences and co-morbidities of patients were listed. A new severity of comorbidity score was defined. Post-operative complications were classified according to existing classifications as described for other fields of surgery. A new 3-dimensional numerical quality-of-life score, EuraHS-QoL score, was defined. An online platform is created based on the definitions and classifications, which can be used by individual surgeons, surgical teams or for multicentre studies. A EuraHS website is constructed with easy access to all the definitions, classifications and results from the database. Conclusion An online platform for registration and outcome measurement of abdominal wall hernia repairs with clear definitions and classifications is offered to the surgical community. It is hoped that this registry could lead to better evidence-based guidelines for treatment of abdominal wall hernias based on hernia variables, patient variables, available hernia repair materials and techniques. KW - quality of life KW - ventral hernia KW - incisional hernia KW - umbilical hernia KW - registries KW - epigastric hernia Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124728 VL - 16 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, U. A. A1 - Wichelmann, C. A1 - Wunder, C. A1 - Kauczok, J. A1 - Spor, L. A1 - Strauß, A. A1 - Wildenauer, R. A1 - Jurowich, C. A1 - Germer, C. T. T1 - Early repair of open abdomen with a tailored two-component mesh and conditioning vacuum packing: a safe alternative to the planned giant ventral hernia JF - Hernia N2 - Purpose Once open abdomen therapy has succeeded, the problem of closing the abdominal wall must be addressed. We present a new four-stage procedure involving the application of a two-component mesh and vacuum conditioning for abdominal wall closure of even large defects. The aim is to prevent the development of a giant ventral hernia and the eventual need for the repair of the abdominal wall. Methods Nineteen of 62 patients treated by open abdomen over a two-year period could not receive primary abdominal wall closure. To achieve closure in these patients, we applied the following four-stage procedure: stage 1: abdominal damage control and conditioning of the abdominal wall; stage 2: attachment of a tailored two-component mesh of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and large pore polypropylene (PP) in intraperitoneal position (IPOM) plus placement of a vacuum bandage; stage 3: vacuum therapy for 3–4 weeks to allow granulation of the mesh and optimization of dermatotraction; stage 4: final skin suture. During stage 3, eligible patients were weaned from respirator and mobilized. Results The abdominal wall gap in the 19 patients ranged in size from 240 cm2 to more than 900 cm2. An average of 3.44 vacuum dressing changes over 19 days were required to achieve 60–100 % granulation of the surface area, so final skin suture could be made. Already in stage 3, 14 patients (73.68 %) could be weaned from respirator an average of 6.78 days after placement of the two-component mesh; 6 patients (31.57 %) could be mobilized on the edge of the bed and/or to a bedside chair after an average of 13 days. No mesh-related hematomas, seromas, or intestinal fistulas were observed. Conclusion The four-stage procedure presented here is a viable option for achieving abdominal wall closure in patients treated with open abdomen, enabling us to avoid the development of planned giant ventral hernias. It has few complications and has the special advantage of allowing mobilization of the patients before final skin closure. Long-term course in a large number of patients must still confirm this result. KW - synthetic mesh KW - open abdomen KW - laparostomy KW - giant ventral hernia KW - vacuum conditioning Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124686 VL - 16 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miras, Alexander D. A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Phinikaridou, Alkystis A1 - Andia, Marcelo E. A1 - Christakis, Ioannis A1 - Spector, Alan C. A1 - Botnar, Rene M. A1 - le Roux, Carel W. T1 - Rats Fed Diets with Different Energy Contribution from Fat Do Not Differ in Adiposity JF - OBESITY FACTS N2 - Objective: To determine whether rats reaching the same body mass, having been fed either a low-fat (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD), differ in white adipose tissue (WAT) deposition. Methods: In experiment 1, 22 Sprague-Dawley rats of the same age were divided into 11 rats with body mass below the batch median and fed a HFD, and 11 above the median and fed a LFD. In experiment 2, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats of the same age and starting body mass were randomised to either a HFD or LFD. When all groups reached similar final body mass, WAT was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dissection, and plasma leptin. Results: In experiment 1, both groups reached similar final body mass at the same age; in experiment 2 the HFD group reached similar final body mass earlier than the LFD group. There were no significant differences in WAT as assessed by MRI or leptin between the HFD and LFD groups in both experiments. Dissection revealed a trend for higher retroperitoneal and epididymal adiposity in the HFD groups in both experiments. Conclusions: We conclude that at similar body mass, adiposity is independent of the macronutrient composition of the feeding regimen used to achieve it. (C) 2014 S Karger GmbH, Freiburg KW - Leptin KW - body fat KW - induced obesity KW - visceral fat KW - isocaloric intake KW - mass KW - tissue KW - weight-gain KW - metabolism KW - expenditure KW - accumulation KW - High-fat diet KW - Low-fat diet KW - MRI Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-115249 VL - 7 IS - 5 ER - TY - THES A1 - Baltrusch, Stefanie T1 - Retrospektive Analyse von Amputationen im Fußbereich infolge peripherer arterieller Verschlußkrankheit T1 - Retrospective Analysis of Foot Amputations Caused by Peripheral Arterial Obstructive Disease N2 - Die Auswertung des Patientenkollektivs von 2000 bis 2004 an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg ergab 63 Patienten (Gruppe 1), die einer Minoramputation und 59 Patienten die einer Minor- mit konsekutiver Majoramputation (Gruppe 2) infolge pAVK unterzogen wurden. Eine Abhängigkeit zwischen Alter und Majornachamputationsrate konnte nicht festgestellt werden, jedoch eine Tendenz beim Einfluss von Comorbiditäten wie Diabetes mellitus und dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz auf die Wundheilung und Liegedauer. Die Anzahl an durchgeführten gefäßchirurgischen Eingriffen wie PTA und Bypass-Operation lag in beiden Gruppen mit 65% bzw. 72% im Vergleich zur Literatur im Standardbereich. Eine hohe Rate an gefäßmedizinischer Diagnostik und Therapie scheint auch bei fortgeschrittener pAVK (Grad IV) erforderlich, um die Notwendigkeit von Amputationen insbesondere die Anzahl an Majoramputationen zu verringern. Bei hoher und mit Gruppe 1 vergleichbarer Interventionsrate in Gruppe 2 lässt sich allerdings auch erkennen, dass trotz Ausschöpfung dieser Massnahmen die Rate an Majoramputationen und damit des Beinverlustes hoch ist. Positiv zu werten ist, dass es bei über 50% der Amputierten ausgereicht hat, eine Amputation im Fussbereich (Minoramputation) durchzuführen. Bei diesen 63 Patienten, war bei 58 Patienten sogar nur ein Eingriff nötig. Ferner handelte es sich bei den Majoramputationen in der Mehrzahl um Unterschenkelamputation, und somit um einen nur partiellen Beinverlust . 76% der durchgeführten ersten Majoramputationen erfolgten in den ersten beiden Monaten nach vorausgegangener Minoramputation, die größte Anzahl innerhalb des ersten Monats. Auch die letzte Amputation, die definitive Versorgung, erfolgte in den meisten Fällen innerhalb der ersten beiden Monate nach Primäreingriff. Somit ist ein nur unwesentlicher Aufschub bis zur definitiven Versorgung ersichtlich. Der Versuch einer Konsolidierung der Ischämiefolgen (Gangrän) mittels Minoramputation scheint bei fortgeschrittener pAVK im Stadium IV nach Ausschöpfung der gefäßmedizinischen Diagnostika und Interventionen somit immer gerechtfertigt, und sollte wenn möglich einer Majoramputation vorgezogen werden. Die durchschnittliche Krankenhausverweildauer in der Gruppe der Minoramputationen lag bei 28 Tagen, in der Gruppe 2 der Majoramputationen bei 39 Tagen. Die Mortalitätsrate ergibt einen deutlich erhöhten Wert in der Gruppe der Majoramputationen. Die Dreijahresmortalität betrug in der Gruppe der Minoramputationen 20% und der Majoramputationen 58%. Es zeigte sich eine Zunahme der Mortalität mit zunehmender Amputationshöhe und zunehmender Zahl der Amputationen. Diese Daten lassen sich mit 52 aktuellen Literaturangaben durchaus vergleichen und beweisen die schlechte Prognose für AVK-Patienten, bei denen eine Majoramputation unausweichlich ist. Insgesamt ist es wichtig, dass ein Team aus Chirurgen, Gefäßchirurgen, Radiologen und Angiologen kooperativ zusammen arbeitet, um dem Patienten, eine für ihn beste Versorgung anbieten zu können. Hier sollte auch nicht vor einem oft höheren Patientenalter zurückgeschreckt werden, denn häufig konnte gerade bei diesen Patienten durch eine Bypass-Operation eine sonst vermutlich unumgängliche Amputation im Unter- bzw. Oberschenkelbereich verhindert werden. N2 - This medical dissertation contains the statistical evaluation and analysis of the patient collective of the surgical ward of the university hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany, from January 2000 to December 2004 which were treated for peripheric arterial obstructive disease (PAOD). Two patient groups / samples were compared: Group 1 with 63 patients who underwent a minor amputation and Group 2 with 59 patients who underwent minor and consecutively a major amputation. A correlation beween the patiens age and the rate of major consecutive amputations was not determined. But there was a tendency of impact of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and kidney insufficiency with dialysis onto the wound healing progress and the length of the hospital stay. KW - PAVK KW - Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit KW - Arterielle Verschlusskrankheit KW - PAVK KW - Raucherbein KW - Beinamputation KW - Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-113975 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Korb, Doreen A1 - Thalheimer, Andreas A1 - Kämmerer, Ulrike A1 - Allmanritter, Jan A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Linnebacher, Michael A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Klein, Ingo A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Otto, Christoph T1 - E7080 (Lenvatinib), a Multi-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Demonstrates Antitumor Activities Against Colorectal Cancer Xenografts N2 - Clinical prognosis of metastasized colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is still not at desired levels and novel drugs are needed. Here, we focused on the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor E7080 (Lenvatinib) and assessed its therapeutic efficacy against human CRC cell lines in vitro and human CRC xenografts in vivo. The effect of E7080 on cell viability was examined on 10 humanCRCcell lines and humanendothelial cells (HUVEC). The inhibitory effect of E7080 on VEGF-induced angiogenesis was studied in an ex vivo mouse aortic ring angiogenesis assay. In addition, the efficacy of E7080 against xenografts derived fromCRC cell lines and CRC patient resection specimenswithmutated KRASwas investigated in vivo. Arelatively low cytotoxic effect of E7080 on CRC cell viabilitywas observed in vitro. Endothelial cells (HUVEC)weremore susceptible to the incubation with E7080. This is in line with the observation that E7080 demonstrated an anti-angiogenic effect in a three-dimensional ex vivo mouse aortic ring angiogenesis assay. E7080 effectively disrupted CRC cell-mediated VEGF-stimulated growth of HUVEC in vitro. Daily in vivo treatment with E7080 (5 mg/kg) significantly delayed the growth of KRAS mutated CRC xenografts with decreased density of tumor-associated vessel formations and without tumor regression. This observation is in line with results that E7080 did not significantly reduce the number of Ki67-positive cells in CRC xenografts. The results suggest antiangiogenic activity of E7080 at a dosage thatwas well tolerated by nudemice. E7080 may provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of CRC with mutated KRAS. KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111165 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heidari-Movahed, Marjam T1 - Untersuchung zur Bedeutung von Ketonkörper als Energieträger für den Stoffwechsel humaner gastrointestinaler Karzinomzelllinien T1 - Study on the importance of ketone bodies as an energy source for the metabolism of human gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines N2 - Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, an den sechs gastrointestinalen Karzinomzelllinien CaCo, HCT116, HT29, SW620, WiDr und 23132/87 zu untersuchen, ob Ketonkörper den Anteil vitaler Zellen durch Hemmung der Zellteilung verringern. Hierzu wurden umfangreiche In-vitro-Experimente mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen an Sauerstoff (21, 5 und 1 %) und D-3-Hydroxybutyrat (0,25, 4,0, 8,0 und 20 mmol/l) durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurde überprüft, ob Ketonkörper die Glykolyse beeinflussen. Hierzu wurden der Glukoseverbrauch und die Laktatproduktion bestimmt. Die sechs humanen gastrointestinalen Karzinomzelllinien exprimieren die zur Ketolyse notwendigen Enzyme. Die Zellen oxidieren D-3-Hydroxybutyrat zwar eindeutig bei 21 % Sauerstoff, nicht aber bei physiologischen Sauerstoffkonzentrationen von 5 % und 1 % Sauerstoff. Die Hemmung der Zellteilung durch Ketonkörper, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit für keine der vier Konzentrationen an D-3-Hydroxybutyrat bei keiner der drei Konzentrationen an Sauerstoff an den untersuchten Zellen beobachtet. Auch war keine Beeinflussung der Glykolyse durch Ketonkörper nachzuweisen. Weder der Glukoseverbrauch noch die Laktatbildung wiesen signifikante Differenzen bei Inkubation der Zellen mit D-3-Hydroxy¬butyrat auf. N2 - The objective of this work was to examine whether ketone bodies reduce the proportion of vital cells through the inhibition of cell division in the six gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines CaCo, HCT116, HT29, SW620, WiDr and 23132/87. This involved conducting comprehensive in vitro experiments with various concentrations of oxygen (21%, 5% and 1%) and D-3-hydroxybutyrate (0.25 mmol/L, 4.0 mmol/L, 8.0 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L). In addition, this work tested whether ketone bodies influence glycolysis. Levels of glucose consumption and lactate production were determined for this purpose. The six human gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines express the enzymes necessary for ketolysis. The cells clearly oxidise D-3-hydroxybutyrate at 21% oxygen but not, however, at physiological oxygen concentrations of 5% and 1%. In this work, the inhibition of cell division by ketone bodies was observed for none of the four concentrations of D-3-hydroxybutrate at none of the three oxygen concentrations in the examined cells. Moreover, the ketone bodies did not demonstrate any influence on glycolysis. Neither the level of glucose consumption nor the level of lactate formation indicates significant differences in the incubation of cells with D-3-hydroxybutyrate. KW - Ketonkörper KW - keton bodies Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111538 ER - TY - THES A1 - Leicht, Hans Benno T1 - Phänotypische und funktionelle Charakterisierung Dendritischer Zellen aus der Mausmilz T1 - Phenotypic and Functional Characterisation of Dendritic Cells from Murine Spleen N2 - Dendritische Zellen stellen eine Gruppe morphologisch, phänotypisch und funktionell einzigartiger Leukozyten dar, die eine zentrale Rolle bei der Regu-lation des Immunsystems spielen. Als die mit Abstand effektivsten antigen-präsentierenden Zellen besteht ihre Funktion sowohl in der Auslösung als auch in der Verhinderung spezifischer Immunantworten, wobei diese Fähigkeiten von ihrem jeweiligen Reifungsstadium abhängig sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Dendritische Zellen aus Milzen von Mäusen verschiedener Linien mit¬tels Dichtegradientenzentrifugation unter Verwendung von OptiPrep (Iodixanol) isoliert und phänotypisch sowie funktionell charakterisiert. Die gewonnenen Zellsuspensionen bestanden durchschnittlich zu 41 Prozent aus residenten konventionellen Dendritischen Zellen. Die isolierten Dendritischen Zellen waren unabhängig von der untersuchten Mauslinie bis zu 26 Prozent CD8α-positiv und bis zu 81 Prozent CD8α-negativ. Dendritische Zellen wiesen unmittelbar nach der Zellgewinnung einen unreifen Phänotyp auf mit starker Expression von MHC-Klasse-II, aber schwacher bis fehlender Expression der kostimulato¬rischen Moleküle CD80, CD86 und CD40. Eine 24- bzw. 48-stündige Kulti¬vierung in vitro führte zur Reifung der Dendritischen Zellen mit Zunahme der Expression von MHC-Klasse-II, CD80, CD86 und CD40 um den Faktor 2 bis 4. Diese Zellen wiesen zudem immunstimulatorische Eigenschaften in der gemischten (allogenen) Leukozytenkultur auf. Dendritische Zellen der Mauslinie NMRInude exprimierten nach der In-vitro-Kultur ebenfalls zahlreiche Ober¬flächenmarker, darunter die Reifungsmarker. Die Stärke der Expression war jedoch um bis zu 50 Prozent schwächer als bei Dendritischen Zellen der anderen Mauslinien. Dieser Befund weist auf potentielle Unterschiede zwischen Dendritischen Zellen der thymuslosen Mauslinie NMRInude und Dendritischen Zellen von Wildtyp-Mäusen hin. Es wurde gezeigt, dass OptiPrep zur Isolierung Dendritischer Zellen aus Mäusemilzen bei geringem Arbeitsaufwand und niedrigen Kosten verwendet werden kann. Die isolierten Dendritischen Zellen weisen die zu erwartenden phänotypischen und funktionellen Eigenschaften auf und scheinen somit für den Einsatz in weiterführenden Experimenten geeignet. N2 - Dendritic cells represent a group of morphologically, phenotypically and functionally unique leukocytes that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune system. By far the most effective antigen-presenting cells, their function consists of both triggering and inhibiting specific immune responses, whereby the actual effect depends on the maturation state of the dendritic cells. In the present study, dendritic cells were isolated from spleens of different mouse lines by density gradient centrifugation using OptiPrep (iodixanol) and subsequently characterised phenotypically and functionally. The yielded cell suspensions consisted of 41 per cent resident conventional dendritic cells on average. Irrespective of the mouse line tested, up to 26 per cent of the isolated dendritic cells were CD8α-positive and up to 81 per cent were CD8α-negative. Freshly isolated dendritic cells displayed an immature phenotype with high expression of MHC class II, but low or no expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD40. Culturing dendritic cells in vitro for 24 or 48 hours, respectively, caused their maturation as determined by a 2- to 4-fold increase in the expression of MHC class II, CD80, CD86 and CD40. Additionally, these cells displayed immunostimulatory properties in the (allogeneic) mixed leukocyte culture. In vitro-cultured dendritic cells from mouse line NMRInude also expressed several surface markers, the maturation markers among them. However, the expression levels of these markers were up to 50 per cent lower than in dendritic cells from the other mouse lines investigated. This finding suggests potential differences between dendritic cells from the athymic mouse line NMRInude and dendritic cells from wild-type mice. The present study shows that the isolation of dendritic cells from murine spleens with OptiPrep requires little effort and minimal costs. The isolated dendritic cells exhibited the expected phenotypic and functional properties and, therefore, seem suitable for further experimental usage. KW - Dendritische Zelle KW - Milz KW - Maus KW - Dichtegradient KW - Durchflusscytometrie KW - Phänotyp KW - Funktion KW - Reifung KW - Dichtegradientenzentrifugation KW - gemischte Leukozytenkultur KW - mixed leukocyte culture KW - mixed leukocyte reaction KW - Transplantationsimmunologie KW - Alloantigenerkennung KW - allorecognition Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111092 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gruber, Isabella T1 - Langzeiteffektivität der präoperativen Patientenselektion in der Behandlung der Adipositas mit Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Studie an 166 Patienten T1 - Long-term efficiency of preoperative selection of patients in the treatment of obesity with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Results of a retrospective study on 166 patients N2 - Einleitung: Eine präoperative Selektion adipöser Patienten anhand objektiver Kriterien soll entscheidend sein für den Gewichtsverlauf nach Implantation eines Magenbandes (Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, LAGB). Es ist unbekannt, ob die präoperative Selektion Auswirkungen auf das Langzeitergebnis des LAGB hat. Material und Methoden: Die vorliegende Studie suchte nach objektiven Variablen mit signifikanter Vorhersagekraft für das Langzeitergebnis des LAGB. Hierfür wurde der Gewichtsverlauf nach LAGB in einem jährlichen Intervall analysiert. 166 Patienten (91,2 %) nahmen an der retrospektiven Studie teil (Lost to Follow-up 8,8 %). Das mediane Follow-up des gesamten Patientenguts betrug 83,1 Monate (Range 0,1 - 177,3 Monate) und endete am Tag des abschließenden Interviews mit den Studienteilnehmern, jedoch spätestens bei ersatzloser Explantation des Magenbandes (Studienende). Eine Per-Protokoll-Analyse untersuchte den Gewichtsverlauf von Patienten ohne ersatzlose Explantation des Magenbandes (N = 111). Der prozentuale Verlust an Übergewicht (Excess Weight Loss, EWL %) am Studienende entschied über das Langzeitergebnis (Success: EWL ≥ 50,0 % mit LAGB, No Success: EWL < 50,0 % mit LAGB oder ersatzlose Explantation des LAGB; Failure: EWL < 20,0 % mit LAGB oder ersatzlose Explantation des LAGB, No Failure: EWL ≥ 20,0 % mit LAGB). Zur Abschätzung von prädiktiven Faktoren hinsichtlich der abhängigen Variablen Success und No Success sowie Failure und No Failure wurde eine binär logistische Regressionsanalyse durchgeführt. Folgende präoperative Kovariaten wurden auf ihren prädiktiven Langzeiteffekt analysiert: Alter, Body-Mass-Index, Übergewicht (Excess Weight), Geschlecht, Adipositas assoziierte Komorbiditäten (Diabetes Mellitus Typ II, arterieller Hypertonus, Schlafapnoe, Gelenkbeschwerden, Belastungsdyspnoe), Bandart (Swedish adjustable gastric banding, Lap Band), Operationstechnik (Pars flaccida, retrogastrisch). Ergebnisse: In der vorliegenden Studie war der EWL (%) im Langzeitverlauf moderat. Der höchste mediane EWL (%) des gesamten Patientenguts wurde im 2. postoperativen Jahr erreicht und betrug 43,2 % (Range -34,1 - 178,8 %) (N = 155). Mit zunehmendem Follow-up sank der EWL (%). Im 5.-, 10.- und 14. postoperativen Jahr betrugen der mediane EWL 39,7 % (Range -39,7 - 162,0 %) (N = 126), 31,0 % (Range -37,6 - 139,7 %) (N = 65) und 31,9 % (Range -34,0 - 108,6 %) (N = 27). Am Studienende wurde am häufigsten ein EWL-Level von 30 - 40 % (12 %, N = 20) erreicht. Prüfkonforme Patienten erreichten am Studienende einen medianen EWL von 33,2 % (Range -81,4 - 116,7 %) (N = 111). Wie bereits in der Literatur berichtet nahmen mit zunehmendem Follow-up die Anteile an Success und No Failure ab. Im 2. postoperativen Jahr betrugen die Success- und No Success-Raten 38,0 % und 62,0 % (Failure: 24,7 %, No-Failure: 75,3 %). Bis zum 10. postoperativen Jahr reduzierte sich der Success-Anteil auf 17,2 % und der No Success-Anteil stieg auf 82,8 % (Failure: 60,9 %, No Failure: 39,1 %). Am Studienende erfüllten 18,7 % (N = 31) der Patienten das Kriterium Success und 81,3 % (N = 135) das Kriterium No Success (Failure: 52,4 %, N = 87; No Failure: 47,6 %, N = 79). Die postoperative Komplikationsrate war hoch, jedoch vergleichbar mit aktuellen Langzeitstudien: 47,6 % (N = 79) der Patienten entwickelten postoperativ eine oder mehrere Band-assoziierte Komplikationen. Slippage (20,5 %, N = 34), Pouchdilatation (20,5 %, N = 34) und Portdislokation/Portdiskonnektion (12,7 %, N = 21) traten am häufigsten auf. 33,1 % (N = 55) der Magenbänder wurden ersatzlos entfernt nach einer medianen Zeit von 40,7 Monaten (Range 0,1 - 163,6 Monate). Diese Studie belegte die positiven Langzeiteffekte des LAGB auf Adipositas-assoziierte Komorbiditäten: 79,4 % (N = 54) der präoperativ hypertonen Patienten und 72,0 % (N = 18) der Patienten mit initialem Diabetes Mellitus Typ II erreichten am Studienende eine Remission und Heilung (Reduktion und Absetzen der Antihypertensiva bzw. Antidiabetika) ihrer Komorbidität. In der Regressionsanalyse fanden sich keine objektiv fassbaren Parameter, die präoperativ ein erfolgreiches Langzeitergebnis nach Implantation eines Magenbandes vorhersagen konnten. Die wichtige präoperative Selektion der Patienten wird dadurch erschwert und basiert somit weiterhin auf eher subjektiven Parametern wie Eindruck der Patienten-Compliance, des patientenseitigen Verstehens der Prozedur sowie Patientenwunsch. LAGB ist heute kein bariatrischer Eingriff der ersten Wahl. Jedoch gibt es Patienten, die aufgrund der potentiellen Reversibilität und geringen Mortalität ein LAGB bevorzugen. Wird heute ein LAGB durchgeführt, erscheint auf Basis der klinischen Erfahrung eine engmaschige Anbindung der Patienten in der postoperativen Nachsorge notwendig, um ein optimales Ergebnis zu erreichen. Bei Versagen des Verfahrens (nicht zufriedenstellender Gewichtsverlauf und/oder Auftreten von Band-assoziierten Komplikationen) sind die Entfernung des Magenbandes und die Umwandlung in ein alternatives adipositaschirurgisches Verfahren zumindest zu diskutieren. N2 - Background: A reasonable preoperative selection of obese patients seems to be important for a successful outcome of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). It is unknown whether the preoperative selection has influence on the long-term outcome of LAGB. The present study focused on objective predictors of a successful long-term outcome of LAGB, weight loss outcomes and band-related complications. Materials and Methods: Between May 1997 and December 2008, 182 obese patients received a LAGB in the Surgical Department of the Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Germany. Data were collected by retrospective study of the patient files and in a final interview at the end of the follow-up period. Complete weight loss data were collected on 166 patients in a yearly follow-up. 16 patients were lost during follow-up (lost to follow up 8,8 %). The median follow-up of all patients was 83,1 months (range 0,1 - 177,3 months). The follow-up ended on the day of final interview, at latest however on the day of band removal. A separate per-protocol-analysis investigated the weight loss of patients without band removal during the follow-up (n = 111). 166 patients were analysed according to possible predictive characteristics for successful long-term outcome after LAGB. The excess weight loss (EWL %) at the end of the follow-up defined the long-term outcome (success vs. no success, failure vs. no failure): Success was defined as EWL ≥ 50,0 % without band removal, no success as EWL < 50,0 % with LAGB or band removal. Failure was defined as EWL < 20,0 % with LAGB or band removal, no failure as EWL ≥ 20,0 % without band removal. Possible preoperative objective predictors of outcome were age, body mass-index, excess weight, sex, obesity related comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, sleep apnea, joint-disease, dyspnea), type of band (Swedish adjustable gastric banding, Lap Band) and operative technique (pars flaccida, retrogastric). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using the outcome measure as dependent variable (success vs. no success, failure vs. no failure) and candidates` preoperative features as independent variable. Results: In the present study, the EWL (%) was moderate in the long term. The highest median EWL (%) of all patients was 43,2 % (range -34,1 - 178,8 %) (n = 155) and was reached in the second postoperative year. With increasing follow-up the EWL (%) declined. In the fifth-, tenth- and fourteenth postoperative year the median EWL was 39,7 % (range -39,7 - 162,0 %) (n = 126), 31,0% (range -37,6 - 139,7 %) (n = 65) and 31,9 % (range -34,0 - 108,6 %) (n = 27). At the end of the follow-up the most reached EWL-level was 30 - 40 % (12 %, n = 20). Patients of the per-protocol-analysis reached a median EWL of 33,2 % (range -81,4 - 116,7 %) (n = 111) at the end of the follow-up. As reported in the literature, the success rate and the no failure rate declined progressively with increasing follow-up. In the second postoperative year the success rate and the no success rate were 38,0 % and 62,0 % (failure 24,7 %, no failure 75,3 %). Until the tenth postoperative year, the success rate fell to 17,2 % and the no success rate increased to 82,8 % (failure 60,9 %, no failure 39,1 %). At the end of the follow-up, 18,7 % (n = 31) of all patients met the criterion success and 81,3 % (n = 135) the criterion no success (failure 52,4 %, no failure 47,6 %). The postoperative complication rate was high but comparable with long-term studies: 47,6 % (n = 79) of all patients experienced one or more band-related complications. Slippage (20,5 %, n = 34), pouchdilatation (20,5 %, n = 34) and portdislocation/portdisconnection (12,7 %, n = 21) were the most frequent complications. 33,1 % (n = 55) of the gastric bands were removed without substitution after a median time of 40,7 months (range 0,1 - 163,6 months). This study showed positive long-term effects of LAGB on obesity related comorbidities: 79,4 % (n = 54) of the preoperative hypertensive patients and 72,0 % (n = 18) of the patients with initial type 2 diabetes mellitus had a remission and resolution of the comorbidity at the end of the follow-up. Logistic regression analysis didn´t find objective preoperative parameters that predict a successful long-term outcome after LAGB. The important selection of patients is made difficult and continues to base on subjective parameters (impression of patients` compliance, understanding of the procedure and patients` wish). LAGB is not a first-line option for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity today. However, there are people who prefer LAGB because of its potential reversibility and low mortality. Based on clinical experience, a close postoperative follow-up is necessary to achieve successful long-term results of LAGB. After failure of the procedure (insufficient weight loss or band related complications) surgeons and patients have at least to discuss the band removal and the converting to an alternative obesity surgery procedure. KW - Gastric-banding KW - Magenchirurgie KW - Fettsucht KW - Adipositas KW - Obesity KW - Langzeiteffektivität KW - Long-term efficiency KW - Patientenselektion KW - Selection of patients KW - Bariatrische Chirurgie KW - Bariatric surgery Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110960 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Isbert, Christoph A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Ackermann, Sabine A1 - Kerscher, Alexander A1 - Maeder, Uwe A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Klein, Ingo T1 - Multimodal therapy in treatment of rectal cancer is associated with improved survival and reduced local recurrence - a retrospective analysis over two decades N2 - Background The management of rectal cancer (RC) has substantially changed over the last decades with the implementation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant therapy and improved surgery such as total mesorectal excision (TME). It remains unclear in which way these approaches overall influenced the rate of local recurrence and overall survival. Methods Clinical, histological and survival data of 658 out of 662 consecutive patients with RC were analyzed for treatment and prognostic factors from a prospectively expanded single-institutional database. Findings were then stratified according to time of diagnosis in patient groups treated between 1993 and 2001 and 2002 and 2010. Results The study population included 658 consecutive patients with rectal cancer between 1993 and 2010. Follow up data was available for 99.6% of all 662 treated patients. During the time period between 2002 and 2010 significantly more patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (17.6% vs. 60%) and adjuvant chemotherapy (37.9% vs. 58.4%). Also, the rate of reported TME during surgery increased. The rate of local or distant metastasis decreased over time, and tumor related 5-year survival increased significantly with from 60% to 79%. Conclusion In our study population, the implementation of treatment changes over the last decade improved the patient’s outcome significantly. Improvements were most evident for UICC stage III rectal cancer. KW - Rectal cancer KW - Improved survival KW - TME Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110606 ER -