TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Weinert, Franz E. T1 - Der Einfluß von Wissen auf das Behalten und Verstehen von Texten N2 - No abstract available. KW - Wissen KW - Gedächtnis KW - Text Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86495 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Körkel, Joachim A1 - Weinert, Franz E. T1 - Domain-Specific Knowledge and Memory Performance: A Comparison of High- and Low-Aptitude Children N2 - Two studies compared memory performance and text comprehension of groups that were equivalent on domain-specific knowledge but differed in overall aptitude, to investigate whether prior knowledge about a particular domain or overall aptitude level was more important when the task was to acquire and use new information in the domain of interest. Both studies dealt with third-, fifth-, and seventh-grade soccer experts' and novices' memory and comprehension of a story dealing with a soccer game. Several measures of memory performance, memory monitoring, and text comprehension were used. Levels of soccer knowledge and of overall aptitude were varied in a factorial design. Neither study detected significant differences between high-aptitude and low-aptitude experts, regardless of their ages. Low aptitude experts outperformed high-aptitude novices on all memory and comprehension measures. The results indicate that domain-specific knowledge can compensate for low overall aptitude on domain-related cognitive tasks. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62107 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Frühe Vorhersage von Lese-/Rechtschreibleistungen: Der Ansatz des Münchner Längsschnittprojekts (LOGIC) N2 - No abstract available. KW - Rechtschreibunterricht KW - Deutsch KW - Rechtschreibung KW - Rechtschreibreform Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86484 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Pressley, Michael T1 - Memory development between 2 and 20 N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kind KW - Gedächtnisleistung KW - Entwicklung KW - Jugend KW - Gedächtnisbildung Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69977 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Möglichkeiten der frühen Vorhersage von Leseleistungen im Grundschulalter T1 - On the early prediction of reading abilities N2 - Im vorliegenden Beitrag werdenneuere nends in der Forschung zur frühen Prognose von Leseleistungen dargestellt. Der Überblick ergibt, daß sich insbesondere solche Forschungsarbeiten bewährt haben, die an kognitiven Informationsverarbeitungsmodellen orientiert sind. Über die Verknüpfung von korrelativen Längsschnitt- und experimentellen Trainingsstudien ließ sich belegen, daß die im Vorschul- bzw. Kindergartenalter beobachtete Informationsverarbeitungskompetenz eine kausale Beziehung zu der schulischen Leseleistung aufwies. Es wurde weiterhin gezeigt, daß phonologische Kompetenzen im Vorschulalter auch effizient trainiert werden können. Trotz dieser insgesamt beeindruckenden Befunde scheinen individuelle Prognosen des Schriftspracherwerbs nach wie vor jedoch problematisch. N2 - This paper gives an overview of recent developments in research deallog with the early prediction of reading success in elementary schools. As a main result, the review shows that studies based on information processing approaches seem to be most promising: Research combining correlationallongitudinal analyses with experimental training studies has demonstrated causal relationships between prescbool pbonological skills and reading achievement in elementary school. Further, it could be shown that phonological competencies can be successfully taught even in preschoolers. Despite these impressive results, bowever, predictions of individual reading development still cause severe problems. KW - Prognose KW - Lesen KW - Grundschulkind Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86509 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Problems of longitudinal studies with young children: Practical, conceptual, and methodological issues N2 - No abstract available. KW - Längsschnittuntersuchung KW - Kind Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86521 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carr, Martha A1 - Kurtz, Beth E. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Turner, Lisa A. A1 - Borkowski, John G. T1 - Strategy acquisition and transfer among American and German children: Environmental influences on metacognitive development N2 - This study explored the differential effects of strategy training on German and American elementaryschool children and assessed the role of parents in the development of their children's strategic behavior and metacognition. 184 German and 161 American children were pretested on memory and metamemory tasks. Children were then assigned to either an organizational strategy training condition or a control condition. All children were tested on the maintenance and far-transfer of the strategy and task-related metamemory 1 week following training. Parents completed questionnaires about strategy instruction in the home. Strategy maintenance and metacognition were reassessed 6 months following training. German children were more strategic than American children. Instructed children performed better than control children. German parents reported more instruction of strategies in the home. These data suggest that formal education is responsible for aspects of cognitive development that have sometimes been viewed as a function of age. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62082 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borkowski, John G. A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Pressley, Michael T1 - The challenges of teaching good information processing to learning disabled students N2 - A MODEL of good information processing is sketched, describing how metacognitive knowledge influences strategy selection and use. Three factors pose particular problems for learning disabled students as they attempt to acquire metacognitive knowledge and to use study strategies productively: neurological impairments; deficiencies in general world knowledge; and negative beliefs, attitudes, and styles that limit self-efficacy. Creating an educational atmosphere that explicitly builds conceptual (domain-specific) knowledge and teaches positive beliefs about learning potential is essential in promoting metacognitively-oriented instruction. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62117 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Körkel, Joachim T1 - The knowledge base and text recall: Evidence from a short-term longitudinal study N2 - In a short-term longitudinal study, we investigated how domain-specific knowledge in soccer influences the amount of text recall and comprehension in elementary school and junior high school children of high and low overall aptitudes. Both level of soccer knowledge and overall aptitude were varied in a factorial design. Third, fifth, and seventh grade children were given several measures of text recall and comprehension and were retested on these measures about 1 year later. Performance was more a function of soccer knowledge than of aptitude level. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62093 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Weinert, Franz E. T1 - Universal trends and individual differences in memory development N2 - No abstract available. KW - Gedächtnisbildung Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86518 ER -