TY - JOUR A1 - Weiser, Jonas A1 - Cui, Jingjing A1 - Dewhurst, Rian D. A1 - Braunschweig, Holger A1 - Engels, Bernd A1 - Fantuzzi, Felipe T1 - Structure and bonding of proximity‐enforced main‐group dimers stabilized by a rigid naphthyridine diimine ligand JF - Journal of Computational Chemistry N2 - The development of ligands capable of effectively stabilizing highly reactive main‐group species has led to the experimental realization of a variety of systems with fascinating properties. In this work, we computationally investigate the electronic, structural, energetic, and bonding features of proximity‐enforced group 13–15 homodimers stabilized by a rigid expanded pincer ligand based on the 1,8‐naphthyridine (napy) core. We show that the redox‐active naphthyridine diimine (NDI) ligand enables a wide variety of structural motifs and element‐element interaction modes, the latter ranging from isolated, element‐centered lone pairs (e.g., E = Si, Ge) to cases where through‐space π bonds (E = Pb), element‐element multiple bonds (E = P, As) and biradical ground states (E = N) are observed. Our results hint at the feasibility of NDI‐E2 species as viable synthetic targets, highlighting the versatility and potential applications of napy‐based ligands in main‐group chemistry. KW - bond theory KW - computational chemistry KW - density functional calculations KW - main group elements KW - N ligands Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312586 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 456 EP - 467 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Paul A1 - Fantuzzi, Felipe A1 - Klopf, Jonas A1 - Schröder, Niklas B. A1 - Dewhurst, Rian D. A1 - Braunschweig, Holger A1 - Engel, Volker A1 - Engels, Bernd T1 - Twisting versus delocalization in CAAC- and NHC-stabilized boron-based biradicals: the roles of sterics and electronics JF - Chemistry - A European Journal N2 - Twisted boron-based biradicals featuring unsaturated C\(_2\)R\(_2\) (R=Et, Me) bridges and stabilization by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) were recently prepared. These species show remarkable geometrical and electronic differences with respect to their unbridged counterparts. Herein, a thorough computational investigation on the origin of their distinct electrostructural properties is performed. It is shown that steric effects are mostly responsible for the preference for twisted over planar structures. The ground-state multiplicity of the twisted structure is modulated by the σ framework of the bridge, and different R groups lead to distinct multiplicities. In line with the experimental data, a planar structure driven by delocalization effects is observed as global minimum for R=H. The synthetic elusiveness of C\(_2\)R\(_2\)-bridged systems featuring N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was also investigated. These results could contribute to the engineering of novel main group biradicals. KW - chemistry KW - radicals KW - ab initio calculations KW - boron KW - carbene ligands KW - density functional calculations Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256636 VL - 27 IS - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brückner, Tobias A1 - Fantuzzi, Felipe A1 - Stennett, Tom E. A1 - Krummenacher, Ivo A1 - Dewhurst, Rian D. A1 - Engels, Bernd A1 - Braunschweig, Holger T1 - Isolation of neutral, mono-, and dicationic B\(_2\)P\(_2\) rings by diphosphorus addition to a boron-boron triple bond JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition N2 - The NHC-stabilised diboryne (B\(_2\)(SIDep)\(_2\); SIDep=1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) undergoes a high-yielding P−P bond activation with tetraethyldiphosphine at room temperature to form a B\(_2\)P\(_2\) heterocycle via a diphosphoryldiborene by 1,2-diphosphination. The heterocycle can be oxidised to a radical cation and a dication, respectively, depending on the oxidant used and its counterion. Starting from the planar, neutral 1,3-bis(alkylidene)-1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutane, each oxidation step leads to decreased B−B distances and loss of planarity by cationisation. X-ray analyses in conjunction with DFT and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations reveal closed-shell singlet, butterfly-shaped structures for the NHC-stabilised dicationic B\(_2\)P\(_2\) rings, with their diradicaloid, planar-ring isomers lying close in energy. KW - inorganic chemistry KW - radicals KW - boron KW - density functional calculations KW - oxidation KW - phosphorus heterocycles Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256451 VL - 60 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauch, Florian A1 - Endres, Peter A1 - Friedrich, Alexandra A1 - Sieh, Daniel A1 - Hähnel, Martin A1 - Krummenacher, Ivo A1 - Braunschweig, Holger A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Ji, Lei A1 - Marder, Todd B. T1 - An Iterative Divergent Approach to Conjugated Starburst Borane Dendrimers JF - Chemistry – A European Journal N2 - Using a new divergent approach, conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps: 1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C−H borylation; 2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF\(_{2}\)] or [N(nBu\(_{4}\))][HF\(_{2}\)]; and 3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents. The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators. Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. However, the conjugation does not increase further upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane subunits, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas. KW - density functional calculations KW - electron storage KW - luminescence KW - redox KW - triarylborane Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218345 VL - 26 IS - 57 SP - 12951 EP - 12963 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hattori, Yohei A1 - Michail, Evripidis A1 - Schmiedel, Alexander A1 - Moos, Michael A1 - Holzapfel, Marco A1 - Krummenacher, Ivo A1 - Braunschweig, Holger A1 - Müller, Ulrich A1 - Pflaum, Jens A1 - Lambert, Christoph T1 - Luminescent Mono-, Di-, and Tri-radicals: Bridging Polychlorinated Triarylmethyl Radicals by Triarylamines and Triarylboranes JF - Chemistry - A European Journal N2 - Up to three polychlorinated pyridyldiphenylmethyl radicals bridged by a triphenylamine carrying electron withdrawing (CN), neutral (Me), or donating (OMe) groups were synthesized and analogous radicals bridged by tris(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)borane were prepared for comparison. All compounds were as stable as common closed‐shell organic compounds and showed significant fluorescence upon excitation. Electronic, magnetic, absorption, and emission properties were examined in detail, and experimental results were interpreted using DFT calculations. Oxidation potentials, absorption and emission energies could be tuned depending on the electron density of the bridges. The triphenylamine bridges mediated intramolecular weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the radical spins, and the energy difference between the high spin and low spin states was determined by temperature dependent ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The fluorescent properties of all radicals were examined in detail and revealed no difference for high and low spin states which facilitates application of these dyes in two‐photon absorption spectroscopy and OLED devices. KW - density functional calculations KW - fluorescence KW - NIR OLED KW - radical KW - two-photon absorption Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208162 VL - 25 IS - 68 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Braunschweig, Holger A1 - Krummenacher, Ivo A1 - Lichtenberg, Crispin A1 - Mattock, James A1 - Schäfer, Marius A1 - Schmidt, Uwe A1 - Schneider, Christoph A1 - Steffenhagen, Thomas A1 - Ullrich, Stefan A1 - Vargas, Alfredo T1 - Dibora[2]ferrocenophane: A Carbene-Stabilized Diborene in a Strained cis-Configuration T2 - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition N2 - Unsaturated bridges that link the two cyclopentadienyl ligands together in strained ansa metallocenes are rare and limited to carbon-carbon double bonds. The synthesis and isolation of a strained ferrocenophane containing an unsaturated two-boron bridge, isoelectronic with a C=C double bond, was achieved by reduction of a carbene-stabilized 1,1’-bis(dihaloboryl)ferrocene. A combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations was used to assess the influence of the unprecedented strained cis configuration on the optical and electrochemical properties of the carbene-stabilized diborene unit. Initial reactivity studies show that the dibora[2]ferrocenophane is prone to boron-boron double bond cleavage reactions. KW - Boron KW - Metallocenes KW - Metallocene KW - Bor KW - Diborane KW - density functional calculations KW - strained molecules KW - diborenes Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141981 N1 - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, Volume 56, Issue 3, 889–892, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/anie.201609601. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ER -