TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Di Dato, Carla A1 - Modica, Roberta A1 - Bottiglieri, Filomena A1 - Di Sarno, Antonella A1 - Pittaway, James F.H. A1 - Martini, Chiara A1 - Faggiano, Antongiulio A1 - Colao, Annamaria T1 - Bone metabolism and vitamin D implication in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors JF - Nutrients N2 - Patients affected by gastroenteropancreatic–neuroendocrine tumors (GEP–NETs) have an increased risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis, as several factors impact on bone metabolism in these patients. In fact, besides the direct effect of bone metastasis, bone health can be affected by hormone hypersecretion (including serotonin, cortisol, and parathyroid hormone-related protein), specific microRNAs, nutritional status (which in turn could be affected by medical and surgical treatments), and vitamin D deficiency. In patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a hereditary syndrome associated with NET occurrence, bone damage may carry other consequences. Osteoporosis may negatively impact on the quality of life of these patients and can increment the cost of medical care since these patients usually live with their disease for a long time. However, recommendations suggesting screening to assess bone health in GEP–NET patients are missing. The aim of this review is to critically analyze evidence on the mechanisms that could have a potential impact on bone health in patients affected by GEP–NET, focusing on vitamin D and its role in GEP–NET, as well as on factors associated with MEN1 that could have an impact on bone homeostasis. KW - bone KW - vitamin D KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - osteoporosis KW - mineral bone density KW - cortisol KW - serotonin KW - miRNA KW - MEN1 KW - therapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203823 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - La Salvia, Anna A1 - Modica, Roberta A1 - Marciello, Francesca A1 - Mercier, Olaf A1 - Filosso, Pier Luigi A1 - de Latour, Bertrand Richard A1 - Giuffrida, Dario A1 - Campione, Severo A1 - Guggino, Gianluca A1 - Fadel, Elie A1 - Papotti, Mauro A1 - Colao, Annamaria A1 - Scoazec, Jean-Yves A1 - Baudin, Eric A1 - Faggiano, Antongiulio T1 - Recurrence-free survival in early and locally advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung after complete tumor resection JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - Background: Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Data on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early and locally advanced pure LCNEC after complete resection (R0) are lacking. This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in this subgroup of patients and to identify potential prognostic markers. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study including patients with pure LCNEC stage I-III and R0 resection. Clinicopathological characteristics, RFS, and disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: 39 patients (M:F = 26:13), with a median age of 64 years (44–83), were included. Lobectomy (69.2%), bilobectomy (5.1%), pneumonectomy (18%), and wedge resection (7.7%) were performed mostly associated with lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant therapy included platinum-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in 58.9% of cases. After a median follow-up of 44 (4–169) months, the median RFS was 39 months with 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS rates of 60.0%, 54.6%, and 44.9%, respectively. Median DSS was 72 months with a 1-, 2- and 5-year rate of 86.8, 75.9, and 57.4%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, age (cut-off 65 years old) and pN status were independent prognostic factors for both RFS (HR = 4.19, 95%CI = 1.46–12.07, p = 0.008 and HR = 13.56, 95%CI 2.45–74.89, p = 0.003, respectively) and DSS (HR = 9.30, 95%CI 2.23–38.83, p = 0.002 and HR = 11.88, 95%CI 2.28–61.84, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: After R0 resection of LCNEC, half of the patients recurred mostly within the first two years of follow-up. Age and lymph node metastasis could help to stratify patients for adjuvant therapy. KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - LCNEC KW - pulmonary cancer KW - prognostic marker KW - prognosis KW - survival KW - lymph nodes KW - age KW - surgery KW - adjuvant therapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304000 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Sbiera, Silviu A1 - Della Casa, Silvia A1 - Weigand, Isabel A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Steinhauer, Sonja A1 - Fadda, Guido A1 - Kocot, Arkadius A1 - Bekteshi, Michaela A1 - Mambretti, Egle M. A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Pontecorvi, Alfredo A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Ronchi, Cristina L. T1 - Livin/BIRC7 expression as malignancy marker in adrenocortical tumors JF - Oncotarget N2 - Livin/BIRC7 is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins family, which are involved in tumor development through the inhibition of caspases. Aim was to investigate the expression of livin and other members of its pathway in adrenocortical tumors and in the adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) cell line NCI-H295R. The mRNA expression of livin, its isoforms α and β, XIAP, CASP3 and DIABLO was evaluated by qRT-PCR in 82 fresh-frozen adrenal tissues (34 ACC, 25 adenomas = ACA, 23 normal adrenal glands = NAG). Livin protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 270 paraffin-embedded tissues (192 ACC, 58 ACA, 20 NAG). Livin, CASP3 and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated in NCI-H295R after induction of livin overexpression. Relative livin mRNA expression was significantly higher in ACC than in ACA and NAG (0.060 ± 0.116 vs 0.004 ± 0.014 and 0.002 ± 0.009, respectively, p < 0.01), being consistently higher in tumors than in adjacent NAG and isoform β more expressed than α. No significant differences in CASP3, XIAP and DIABLO levels were found among these groups. In immunohistochemistry, livin was localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei. The ratio between cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was significantly higher in ACC (1.51 ± 0.66) than in ACA (0.80 ± 0.35) and NAG (0.88 ± 0.27; p < 0.0001). No significant correlations were observed between livin expression and histopathological parameters or clinical outcome. In NCI-H295R cells, the livin overexpression slightly reduced the activation of CASP3, but did not correlate with cell viability. In conclusion, livin is specifically over-expressed in ACC, suggesting that it might be involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis and represent a new molecular marker of malignancy. KW - cancer KW - livin KW - BIRC7 KW - adrenocortical cancer KW - adrenal tumor KW - caspase-3 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171887 VL - 8 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Sbiera, Silviu A1 - Herterich, Sabine A1 - De Francia, Silvia A1 - Della Casa, Silvia A1 - Calabrese, Anna A1 - Pontecorvi, Alfredo A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Kienitz, Tina A1 - Mannelli, Massimo A1 - Canu, Letizia A1 - Angelousi, Anna A1 - Chortis, Vasileios A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Terzolo, Massimo A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Ronchi, Cristina L. T1 - Effects of Germline CYP2W1*6 and CYP2B6*6 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Mitotane Treatment in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Multicenter ENSAT Study JF - Cancers N2 - Mitotane is the only approved drug for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and no biomarkers are available to predict attainment of therapeutic plasma concentrations and clinical response. Aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of cytochrome P450(CYP)2W1 and CYP2B6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as biomarkers. A multicenter cohort study including 182 ACC patients (F/M = 121/61) treated with mitotane monotherapy after radical resection (group A, n = 103) or in not completely resectable, recurrent or advanced disease (group B, n = 79) was performed. CYP2W1*2, CYP2W1*6, CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6 rs4803419 were genotyped in germline DNA. Mitotane blood levels were measured regularly. Response to therapy was evaluated as time to progression (TTP) and disease control rate (DCR). Among investigated SNPs, CYP2W1*6 and CYP2B6*6 correlated with mitotane treatment only in group B. Patients with CYP2W1*6 (n = 21) achieved less frequently therapeutic mitotane levels (>14 mg/L) than those with wild type (WT) allele (76.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.051) and experienced shorter TTP (HR = 2.10, p = 0.019) and lower DCR (chi-square = 6.948, p = 0.008). By contrast, 55% of patients with CYP2B6*6 vs. 28.2% WT (p = 0.016) achieved therapeutic range. Combined, a higher rate of patients with CYP2W1*6WT+CYP2B6*6 (60.6%) achieved mitotane therapeutic range (p = 0.034). In not completely resectable, recurrent or advanced ACC, CYP2W1*6 SNP was associated with a reduced probability to reach mitotane therapeutic range and lower response rates, whereas CYP2B6*6 correlated with higher mitotane levels. The association of these SNPs may predict individual response to mitotane. KW - adrenocortical carcinoma KW - mitotane KW - CYP2W1 KW - CYP2B6 KW - SNP KW - biomarker KW - predictive marker Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200565 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 12 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amereller, Felix A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Joshi, Mamta A1 - Schopohl, Jochen A1 - Schilbach, Katharina A1 - Detomas, Mario A1 - Duffy, Leo A1 - Carroll, Paul A1 - Papa, Sophie A1 - Störmann, Sylvère T1 - Differences between immunotherapy-induced and primary hypophysitis—a multicenter retrospective study JF - Pituitary N2 - Objective Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause various immune-related adverse events including secondary hypophysitis. We compared clinical characteristics of immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis (IIH) and primary hypophysitis (PH) Design Retrospective multicenter cohort study including 56 patients with IIH and 60 patients with PH. Methods All patients underwent extensive endocrine testing. Data on age, gender, symptoms, endocrine dysfunction, MRI, immunotherapeutic agents and autoimmune diseases were collected. Results Median time of follow-up was 18 months in IIH and 69 months in PH. The median time from initiation of immunotherapy to IIH diagnosis was 3 months. IIH affected males more frequently than PH (p < 0.001) and led to more impaired pituitary axes in males (p < 0.001). The distribution of deficient adenohypophysial axes was comparable between both entities, however, central hypocortisolism was more frequent (p < 0.001) and diabetes insipidus considerably less frequent in IIH (p < 0.001). Symptoms were similar except that visual impairment occurred more rarely in IIH (p < 0.001). 20 % of IIH patients reported no symptoms at all. Regarding MRI, pituitary stalk thickening was less frequent in IIH (p = 0.009). Concomitant autoimmune diseases were more prevalent in PH patients before the diagnosis of hypophysitis (p = 0.003) and more frequent in IIH during follow-up (p = 0.002). Conclusions Clinically, IIH and PH present with similar symptoms. Diabetes insipidus very rarely occurs in IIH. Central hypocortisolism, in contrast, is a typical feature of IIH. Preexisting autoimmunity seems not to be indicative of developing IIH. KW - primary hypophysitis KW - immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis KW - checkpoint inhibitors KW - immune-related adverse events KW - pembrolizumab KW - ipilimumab KW - nivolumab Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-308704 SN - 1386-341X SN - 1573-7403 VL - 25 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andelovic, Kristina A1 - Winter, Patrick A1 - Jakob, Peter Michael A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf A1 - Herold, Volker A1 - Zernecke, Alma T1 - Evaluation of plaque characteristics and inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging JF - Biomedicines N2 - Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients. KW - atherosclerosis KW - mouse models KW - wall shear stress KW - pulse wave velocity KW - arterial elasticity KW - inflammation KW - magnetic resonance imaging Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228839 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 9 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andelovic, Kristina A1 - Winter, Patrick A1 - Kampf, Thomas A1 - Xu, Anton A1 - Jakob, Peter Michael A1 - Herold, Volker A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf A1 - Zernecke, Alma T1 - 2D Projection Maps of WSS and OSI Reveal Distinct Spatiotemporal Changes in Hemodynamics in the Murine Aorta during Ageing and Atherosclerosis JF - Biomedicines N2 - Growth, ageing and atherosclerotic plaque development alter the biomechanical forces acting on the vessel wall. However, monitoring the detailed local changes in wall shear stress (WSS) at distinct sites of the murine aortic arch over time has been challenging. Here, we studied the temporal and spatial changes in flow, WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI) and elastic properties of healthy wildtype (WT, n = 5) and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe\(^{−/−}\), n = 6) mice during ageing and atherosclerosis using high-resolution 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Spatially resolved 2D projection maps of WSS and OSI of the complete aortic arch were generated, allowing the pixel-wise statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup hemodynamic changes over time and local correlations between WSS, pulse wave velocity (PWV), plaque and vessel wall characteristics. The study revealed converse differences of local hemodynamic profiles in healthy WT and atherosclerotic Apoe\(^{−/−}\) mice, and we identified the circumferential WSS as potential marker of plaque size and composition in advanced atherosclerosis and the radial strain as a potential marker for vascular elasticity. Two-dimensional (2D) projection maps of WSS and OSI, including statistical analysis provide a powerful tool to monitor local aortic hemodynamics during ageing and atherosclerosis. The correlation of spatially resolved hemodynamics and plaque characteristics could significantly improve our understanding of the impact of hemodynamics on atherosclerosis, which may be key to understand plaque progression towards vulnerability. KW - atherosclerosis KW - mouse KW - 4D flow MRI KW - aortic arch KW - flow dynamics KW - WSS KW - mapping KW - PWV KW - plaque characteristics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252164 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 9 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ankenbrand, Markus Johannes A1 - Lohr, David A1 - Schlötelburg, Wiebke A1 - Reiter, Theresa A1 - Wech, Tobias A1 - Schreiber, Laura Maria T1 - Deep learning-based cardiac cine segmentation: Transfer learning application to 7T ultrahigh-field MRI JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine N2 - Purpose Artificial neural networks show promising performance in automatic segmentation of cardiac MRI. However, training requires large amounts of annotated data and generalization to different vendors, field strengths, sequence parameters, and pathologies is limited. Transfer learning addresses this challenge, but specific recommendations regarding type and amount of data required is lacking. In this study, we assess data requirements for transfer learning to experimental cardiac MRI at 7T where the segmentation task can be challenging. In addition, we provide guidelines, tools, and annotated data to enable transfer learning approaches by other researchers and clinicians. Methods A publicly available segmentation model was used to annotate a publicly available data set. This labeled data set was subsequently used to train a neural network for segmentation of left ventricle and myocardium in cardiac cine MRI. The network is used as starting point for transfer learning to 7T cine data of healthy volunteers (n = 22; 7873 images) by updating the pre-trained weights. Structured and random data subsets of different sizes were used to systematically assess data requirements for successful transfer learning. Results Inconsistencies in the publically available data set were corrected, labels created, and a neural network trained. On 7T cardiac cine images the model pre-trained on public imaging data, acquired at 1.5T and 3T, achieved DICE\(_{LV}\) = 0.835 and DICE\(_{MY}\) = 0.670. Transfer learning using 7T cine data and ImageNet weight initialization improved model performance to DICE\(_{LV}\) = 0.900 and DICE\(_{MY}\) = 0.791. Using only end-systolic and end-diastolic images reduced training data by 90%, with no negative impact on segmentation performance (DICE\(_{LV}\) = 0.908, DICE\(_{MY}\) = 0.805). Conclusions This work demonstrates and quantifies the benefits of transfer learning for cardiac cine image segmentation. We provide practical guidelines for researchers planning transfer learning projects in cardiac MRI and make data, models, and code publicly available. KW - 7T KW - ultrahigh-field KW - transfer learning KW - segmentation KW - neural networks KW - deep learning KW - cardiac magnetic resonance KW - cardiac function Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257604 VL - 86 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arlt, Wiebke A1 - Biehl, Michael A1 - Taylor, Angela E. A1 - Hahner, Stefanie A1 - Libé, Rossella A1 - Hughes, Beverly A. A1 - Schneider, Petra A1 - Smith, David J. A1 - Stiekema, Han A1 - Krone, Nils A1 - Porfiri, Emilio A1 - Opocher, Giuseppe A1 - Bertherat, Jerôme A1 - Mantero, Franco A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Terzolo, Massimo A1 - Nightingale, Peter A1 - Shackleton, Cedric H. L. A1 - Bertagna, Xavier A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Stewart, Paul M. T1 - Urine Steroid Metabolomics as a Biomarker Tool for Detecting Malignancy in Adrenal Tumors JF - The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism N2 - Context: Adrenal tumors have a prevalence of around 2% in the general population. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare but accounts for 2–11% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Differentiating ACC from adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) represents a diagnostic challenge in patients with adrenal incidentalomas, with tumor size, imaging, and even histology all providing unsatisfactory predictive values. Objective: Here we developed a novel steroid metabolomic approach, mass spectrometry-based steroid profiling followed by machine learning analysis, and examined its diagnostic value for the detection of adrenal malignancy. Design: Quantification of 32 distinct adrenal derived steroids was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 24-h urine samples from 102 ACA patients (age range 19–84 yr) and 45 ACC patients (20–80 yr). Underlying diagnosis was ascertained by histology and metastasis in ACC and by clinical follow-up [median duration 52 (range 26–201) months] without evidence of metastasis in ACA. Steroid excretion data were subjected to generalized matrix learning vector quantization (GMLVQ) to identify the most discriminative steroids. Results: Steroid profiling revealed a pattern of predominantly immature, early-stage steroidogenesis in ACC. GMLVQ analysis identified a subset of nine steroids that performed best in differentiating ACA from ACC. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis of GMLVQ results demonstrated sensitivity = specificity = 90% (area under the curve = 0.97) employing all 32 steroids and sensitivity = specificity = 88% (area under the curve = 0.96) when using only the nine most differentiating markers. Conclusions: Urine steroid metabolomics is a novel, highly sensitive, and specific biomarker tool for discriminating benign from malignant adrenal tumors, with obvious promise for the diagnostic work-up of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. KW - adrenal cortex hormones KW - urine KW - adrenal cortex neoplasms KW - mass spectrometry KW - metabolomics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154682 VL - 96 IS - 12 SP - 3775 EP - 3784 ER - TY - THES A1 - Arquint, Flurina T1 - Einfluss der kardialen Biomarker N-terminales pro Brain natriuretisches Peptid und kardiales Troponin T auf plötzlichen Herztod, Schlaganfall, Myokardinfarkt und Gesamtmortalität bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 an der Hämodialyse T1 - Effect of the cardial markers N-terminal-pro-B-type-natriuretic-peptide and Troponin T on the risk of sudden death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis N2 - In dieser post-hoc Analyse der Deutschen Diabetes und Dialyse Studie wurde der Einfluss von NT-proBNP und Troponin T auf plötzlichen Herztod, Schlaganfall, Myokardinfarkt und die Gesamtmortalität während vierjähriger Studiendauer bei 1255 Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 an der Hämodialyse analysiert. Des Weiteren wurde die Bedeutung einer longitudinalen Messung der Biomarker nach 6 Monaten auf die Endpunkte untersucht. Patienten mit dem höchsten NT-proBNP respektive Troponin T wiesen die größte Ereignisrate für plötzlichen Herztod, Schlaganfall und die Gesamtmortalität auf. In der multivariaten Regressionsanalyse waren sowohl NT-proBNP als auch Troponin T jeweils starke unabhängige Prädiktoren für plötzlichen Herztod, Schlaganfall und die Gesamtmortalität. Eine Assoziation von NT-proBNP mit dem Auftreten von Myokardinfarkten wurde nicht gesehen. Nicht nur ein hoher Ausgangswert der Biomarker, sondern auch eine Zunahme von NT-proBNP und Troponin T nach 6 Monaten waren assoziiert mit einer schlechteren Langzeitprognose N2 - This post-hoc analysis of the German Diabetes and Dialysis study examined the effect of baseline and change from baseline after 6 months of NT-proBNP and Troponin T on sudden death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in 1255 hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a median follow up of 4 years. Patients with increasing baseline NT-proBNP and Troponin T exhibited a higher risk of sudden death, stroke, and all-cause mortality. In multivariate regression analysis both, NT-proBNP and Troponin T, were independent predictors of sudden death, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Neither baseline nor change in NT-proBNP was significantly associated with myocardial infarction. Increased longitudinal levels of NT-proBNP and Troponin T during follow up were associated with higher risks of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death. KW - Brain natriuretic Peptide KW - Troponin KW - Hämodialyse KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Sterblichkeit KW - kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse KW - serielle Messungen KW - NT-proBNP KW - Troponin KW - hemodialysis KW - diabetes mellitus KW - mortality Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ascierto, Maria Libera A1 - Worschech, Andrea A1 - Yu, Zhiya A1 - Adams, Sharon A1 - Reinboth, Jennifer A1 - Chen, Nanhai G A1 - Pos, Zoltan A1 - Roychoudhuri, Rahul A1 - Di Pasquale, Giovanni A1 - Bedognetti, Davide A1 - Uccellini, Lorenzo A1 - Rossano, Fabio A1 - Ascierto, Paolo A A1 - Stroncek, David F A1 - Restifo, Nicholas P A1 - Wang, Ena A1 - Szalay, Aladar A A1 - Marincola, Francesco M T1 - Permissivity of the NCI-60 cancer cell lines to oncolytic Vaccinia Virus GLV-1h68 JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Oncolytic viral therapy represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. We previously described GLV-1h68, a modified Vaccinia Virus with exclusive tropism for tumor cells, and we observed a cell line-specific relationship between the ability of GLV-1h68 to replicate in vitro and its ability to colonize and eliminate tumor in vivo. Methods: In the current study we surveyed the in vitro permissivity to GLV-1h68 replication of the NCI-60 panel of cell lines. Selected cell lines were also tested for permissivity to another Vaccinia Virus and a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strain. In order to identify correlates of permissity to viral infection, we measured transcriptional profiles of the cell lines prior infection. Results: We observed highly heterogeneous permissivity to VACV infection amongst the cell lines. The heterogeneity of permissivity was independent of tissue with the exception of B cell derivation. Cell lines were also tested for permissivity to another Vaccinia Virus and a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strain and a significant correlation was found suggesting a common permissive phenotype. While no clear transcriptional pattern could be identified as predictor of permissivity to infection, some associations were observed suggesting multifactorial basis permissivity to viral infection. Conclusions: Our findings have implications for the design of oncolytic therapies for cancer and offer insights into the nature of permissivity of tumor cells to viral infection. KW - gene-therapy KW - adenovirus KW - receptor KW - identification KW - infection KW - CD9 KW - panel Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141503 VL - 11 IS - 451 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Assfalg, Volker A1 - Selig, Katharina A1 - Tolksdorf, Johanna A1 - van Meel, Marieke A1 - de Vries, Erwin A1 - Ramsoebhag, Anne‐Marie A1 - Rahmel, Axel A1 - Renders, Lutz A1 - Novotny, Alexander A1 - Matevossian, Edouard A1 - Schneeberger, Stefan A1 - Rosenkranz, Alexander R. A1 - Berlakovich, Gabriela A1 - Ysebaert, Dirk A1 - Knops, Noël A1 - Kuypers, Dirk A1 - Weekers, Laurent A1 - Muehlfeld, Anja A1 - Rump, Lars‐Christian A1 - Hauser, Ingeborg A1 - Pisarski, Przemyslaw A1 - Weimer, Rolf A1 - Fornara, Paolo A1 - Fischer, Lutz A1 - Kliem, Volker A1 - Sester, Urban A1 - Stippel, Dirk A1 - Arns, Wolfgang A1 - Hau, Hans‐Michael A1 - Nitschke, Martin A1 - Hoyer, Joachim A1 - Thorban, Stefan A1 - Weinmann‐Menke, Julia A1 - Heller, Katharina A1 - Banas, Bernhard A1 - Schwenger, Vedat A1 - Nadalin, Silvio A1 - Lopau, Kai A1 - Hüser, Norbert A1 - Heemann, Uwe T1 - Repeated kidney re‐transplantation—the Eurotransplant experience: a retrospective multicenter outcome analysis JF - Transplant International N2 - In Eurotransplant kidney allocation system (ETKAS), candidates can be considered unlimitedly for repeated re‐transplantation. Data on outcome and benefit are indeterminate. We performed a retrospective 15‐year patient and graft outcome data analysis from 1464 recipients of a third or fourth or higher sequential deceased donor renal transplantation (DDRT) from 42 transplant centers. Repeated re‐DDRT recipients were younger (mean 43.0 vs. 50.2 years) compared to first DDRT recipients. They received grafts with more favorable HLA matches (89.0% vs. 84.5%) but thereby no statistically significant improvement of patient and graft outcome was found as comparatively demonstrated in 1st DDRT. In the multivariate modeling accounting for confounding factors, mortality and graft loss after 3rd and ≥4th DDRT (P < 0.001 each) and death with functioning graft (DwFG) after 3rd DDRT (P = 0.001) were higher as compared to 1st DDRT. The incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF) was also significantly higher in re‐DDRT (12.7%) than in 1st DDRT (7.1%; P < 0.001). Facing organ shortage, increasing waiting time, and considerable mortality on dialysis, we question the current policy of repeated re‐DDRT. The data from this survey propose better HLA matching in first DDRT and second DDRT and careful selection of candidates, especially for ≥4th DDRT. KW - allocation KW - child KW - fourth KW - graft KW - kidney KW - loss KW - repeated KW - re‐transplantation KW - survival KW - third Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214161 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 617 EP - 631 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Augustin, Anne Marie A1 - Welsch, Stefan A1 - Bley, Thorsten Alexander A1 - Lopau, Kai A1 - Kickuth, Ralph T1 - Color-coded summation images in the evaluation of renal artery stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty JF - BMC Medical Imaging N2 - Background: Endovascular therapy is the gold standard in patients with hemodynamic relevant renal artery stenosis (RAS) resistant to medical therapy. The severity grading of the stenosis as well as the result assessment after endovascular approach is predominantly based on visible estimations of the anatomic appearance. We aim to investigate the application of color-coded DSA parameters to gain hemodynamic information during endovascular renal artery interventions and for the assessment of the procedures technical success. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 32 patients who underwent endovascular renal artery revascularization and applied color-coded summation imaging on selected monochromatic DSA images. The differences in time to peak (dTTP) of contrast enhancement in predefined anatomical measuring points were analyzed. Furthermore, differences in systolic blood pressure values (SBP) and serum creatinine were obtained. The value of underlying diabetes mellitus as a predictor for clinical outcome was assessed. Correlation analysis between the patients gender as well as the presence of diabetes mellitus and dTTP was performed. Results: Endovascular revascularization resulted in statistically significant improvement in 4/7 regions of interest. Highly significant improvement of perfusion in terms of shortened TTP values could be found at the segmental artery level and in the intrastenotical segment (p<0.001), significant improvement prestenotical and in the apical renal parenchyma (p<0.05). In the other anatomic regions, differences revealed not to be significant. Differences between SBP and serum creatinine levels before and after the procedure were significant (p=0.004 and 0.0004). Patients ' gender as well as the presence of diabetes mellitus did not reveal to be predictors for the clinical success of the procedure. Furthermore, diabetes and gender did not show relevant correlation with dTTP in the parenchymal measuring points. Conclusions: The supplementary use of color-coding DSA and the data gained from parametric images may provide helpful information in the evaluation of the procedures ' technical success. The segmental artery might be a particularly suitable vascular territory for analyzing differences in blood flow characteristics. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to further confirm the diagnostic value of this technique. KW - digital subtraction angiography KW - color-coded KW - endovascular KW - renal artery KW - PTA Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259086 VL - 21 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Azar, Isabel T1 - Konzeption und Evaluation eines webbasierten Patienteninformationsprogrammes zur Überprüfung internistischer Verdachtsdiagnosen T1 - Conception and evaluation of a web-based patient information program for verification of internal suspected diagnoses N2 - Das Thema dieser Dissertation lautet „Konzeption und Evaluation eines webbasierten Patienteninformationsprogrammes zur Überprüfung internistischer Verdachtsdiagnosen“. Zusammen mit dem Institut für Informatik wurde das wissensbasierte second-opinion-System SymptomCheck entwickelt. Das Programm dient zur Überprüfung von Verdachtsdiagnosen. Es wurden Wissensbasen erstellt, in denen Symptome, Befunde und Untersuchungen nach einem Bewertungsschema beurteilt werden. Folgend wurde eine online erreichbare Startseite erstellt, auf der Nutzer vornehmlich internistische Verdachtsdiagnosen überprüfen können. Das Programm wurde in zwei Studien bezüglich seiner Sensitivität und Spezifität sowie der Benutzerfreundlichkeit getestet. In der ersten Studie wurden die Verdachtsdiagnosen ambulanter Patienten mit den ärztlich gestellten Diagnosen verglichen, eine zweite an die Allgemeinbevölkerung gerichtete Onlinestudie galt vor allem der Bewertung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit. Soweit bekannt ist dies die erste Studie in der ein selbst entwickeltes Programm selbstständig an echten Patienten getestet wurde. N2 - The topic of this dissertation is "Conception and evaluation of a web-based patient information program for verification of internal suspected diagnoses”. The second opinion system SymptomCheck was developed in cooperation with the Institute of Computer Science. The program is used to verify suspected diagnoses. Knowledge bases were created to evaluate symptoms, medical findings and examination based on an evaluation scheme. Following this an online homepage was built which allows users to verify suspected diagnoses, primarily of internal medicine. The program was tested in two studies regarding its sensitivity and specificity as well as its usability. In the first study the suspected diagnoses were compared to the medical diagnoses of ambulatory patients, a second study was directed to the general population to evaluate its usability. As far as is known this is the first study to independently evaluate a self-developed program on real patients. KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem KW - Verdachtsüberprüfung KW - verification of suspected diagnoses Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199641 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bachmann, Linda T1 - Evaluation der vaginalen Prednison-Applikation im Vergleich zur rektalen Verabreichung zur Prävention von Nebennierenkrisen bei Patientinnen mit chronischer Nebenniereninsuffizienz T1 - VAPREDA - Vaginal prednisone administration compared to rectal application for the prevention of adrenal crisis in chronic adrenal insufficiency N2 - Objective: Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) need to adapt their glucocorticoid replacement under stressful conditions to prevent adrenal crisis (AC). Prednisone (PN) suppositories are used for emergency treatment. Pharmacokinetics of 100 mg PN suppositories after vaginal or rectal administration was evaluated. Design: Single-center, open-label, sequence-randomized, cross-over, bioequivalence study. Methods: Twelve females with primary AI were included. Comparison of pharmacokinetics after vaginal and rectal administration of 100 mg PN suppositories. Main outcome measures: bioequivalence (Cmax: maximum plasma concentration of prednisolone; AUC0–360: area under the plasma concentration curve of prednisolone from administration to 360 min), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels, safety and tolerability. Comparison of ACTH-suppressive effect with subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of 100 mg hydrocortisone. Results: Vaginal administration of PN suppositories was not bioequivalent to rectal administration: Cmax and AUC0–360 were significantly lower after vaginal compared to rectal administration: 22 ng/mL (109%) vs 161 ng/mL (28%), P < 0.001; 4390 ng/mL * min (116%) vs 40,302 ng/mL * min (26%), P < 0.001; (mean (coefficient of variation), respectively). A suppression of ACTH by >50% of baseline values was observed 149 min (32%) after rectal PN administration; after vaginal PN administration, the maximum decrease within 360 min was only 44%. Adverse events were more frequent after vaginal administration and mainly attributable to the glucocorticoid deficit due to inadequate vaginal absorption. The ACTH-suppressive effect was more pronounced after parenteral hydrocortisone compared to rectal or vaginal PN. Conclusion: Vaginal administration of PN suppositories in the available form is not useful for prevention of AC. Pharmacokinetics after rectal use of PN show inferiority compared to available data on parenteral glucocorticoids. In adrenal emergencies, hydrocortisone injection should be the first choice. N2 - Patienten mit NNI haben ein erhöhtes Risiko potenziell lebensbedrohliche NN- Krisen zu erleiden. Zur Verbesserung der Präventionsmaßnahmen untersuchte unsere Studie das pharmakokinetische Profil kommerziell verfügbarer Prednison- Suppositorien nach vaginaler und rektaler Applikation in weiblichen Patienten mit primärer NNI. Zwischen der rektalen und vaginalen Gabe von 100 mg Prednison ließ sich keine Bioäquivalenz nachweisen. Die AUC0-360 und die maximalen Prednisolon-Spiegel im Serum waren nach vaginaler Gabe signifikant niedriger. In fünf Patientinnen war kein Wirkstoffspiegel innerhalb von sechs Stunden nachweisbar. Darüber hinaus war der Abfall der ACTH-Spiegel, als indirekter Wirknachweis, nach vaginaler Gabe signifikant geringer. UEs traten nach vaginaler Gabe gehäuft auf und waren vor allem auf verminderte Resorption und damit einhergehendem Mangel an Glukokortikoiden zurückzuführen. Aufgrund der in dieser Studie erhobenen Daten wird eine vaginale Gabe von Rectodelt® zur Prävention und Therapie von NN-Krisen nicht empfohlen. Erklärungsansätze für diese verminderte Resorption nach vaginaler Gabe könnten das Fehlen eines vaginalen Verschlussmuskels, aber auch die galenische Formulierung mit einem hohen Hartfettanteil des Suppositoriums sein. Da nach vaginaler Verabreichung von diversen Medikamenten, z.B. Misoprostol, relevante Arzneimittelspiegel erzielt worden sind, ist eine Resorption über vaginales Epithel nicht generell ausgeschlossen. Nach rektaler Gabe von Prednison konnten relevante Wirkspiegel erzielt werden. In einer Subanalyse wurden die ACTH-Spiegel nach Gabe von 100 mg Prednison-Suppositorien mit jenen nach Injektion von 100 mg Hydrokortison verglichen. Der minimale ACTH-Spiegel war nach rektaler Applikation jedoch deutlich höher als nach s. c. oder i. m. Injektion von Hydrokortison. Diese Ergebnisse korrelieren auch mit den gemessenen Prednisolon-Spiegeln nach rektaler Gabe. Die höhere glukokortikoide Potenz von Prednison wiegt nicht die langsamere Kinetik nach rektaler Applikation auf. Ferner besitzt Prednison eine niedrigere mineralkortikoide Potenz als Hydrokortison, was einen weiteren Nachteil darstellen könnte, da die Aktivierung des Mineralkortikoid-Rezeptors im Falle einer NN-Krisen-assoziierten Hypotension als wichtig erachtet wird. Anhand der erhobenen Daten scheint die Injektion (i. m. oder s. c.) von Hydrokortison zur Prävention von NN-Krisen der rektalen Verabreichung von Prednison-Suppositorien deutlich überlegen. Prednison wird zunächst durch die 11ß-Hydroxysterid-Dehydrogenase Typ 1 in Prednisolon umgewandelt. Es wird vermutet, dass glukokortikoide Effekte nach Verabreichung eines Prednisolon- Suppositoriums schneller eintreten bzw. ACTH-Spiegel schneller supprimiert werden. Dies muss in weiteren Studien näher erörtert werden. Ebenso ist denkbar, dass eine höhere Prednison-Dosis bei Suppositorien-Gebrauch eine schnellere Pharmakokinetik besitzt. Obwohl im Untersuchungszeitraum ausreichende Prednisolon-Konzentrationen nach rektaler Gabe beobachtet wurden, kann die rektale Applikation nicht als äquivalent zur parenteralen Gabe von Glukokortikoiden angesehen werden. Auf dieser Datengrundlage sollte die Injektion von Glukokortikoiden als Mittel der ersten Wahl zur Prävention oder Therapie von NN-Krisen empfohlen werden, bis adäquate medizinische Therapie gewährleistet ist. Die Überlegenheit von parenteralen Glukokortikoiden hält jedoch nur stand, wenn eine gleiche Akzeptanz der Patienten garantiert ist und die Behandlung im gleichen Zeitintervall erfolgt. Die Mehrzahl der untersuchten Patientinnen fürchtet weiterhin eine eigenständige Injektion, welche die Verabreichung verzögern kann und eine potenzielle Gefährdung darstellt. Eine patientenfreundliche ready-to- use Hydrokortison-Injektionsspritze ist weiterhin nicht verfügbar. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die vaginale Verabreichung von Prednison-Suppositorien, in der untersuchten galenischen Formulierung, zwar deutlich einfacher und ohne spezielle Schulung machbar ist, aber zur Prävention oder Behandlung von NN-Krisen nicht ausreicht. Generell sollte die parenterale Injektion von Hydrokortison als erste Wahl zur Prävention von NN-Krisen empfohlen werden, wobei neben regelmäßiger Schulung der Fokus zukünftig auf eine Vereinfachung der Injektion gelegt werden sollte. KW - Nebenniere KW - Vapreda KW - Nebenniereninsuffizienz Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321385 ER - TY - THES A1 - Backhaus, Birte T1 - Können mit Virtual-Reality-Simulationstraining die manuellen Fertigkeiten interventioneller Kardiologen verbessert werden? T1 - Does training with virtual-reality-simulation improve manual skills of interventional cardiologists? N2 - Durch Fortschritte in der Technologie haben interventionelle Eingriffe am Herzen in den letzten Jahrzehnten einen herausragenden Stellenwert entwickelt und zu einer Reduktion von aufwendigen Operationen am Herzen geführt. Die Ausbildung im Herzkatheterlabor, die nach dem konservativen „appreticeship-model“ erfolgt, gerät in Anbetracht der sinkenden finanziellen Mittel, Zeitmangel und der ethischen Fragen bezüglich Patientensicherheit immer mehr in Diskussion. Die Entwicklung der Virtual-Reality-Simulatoren für Kathetereingriffe bietet hier durch die Realitätsnähe einen Ansatzpunkt für die Möglichkeit eines individuell angepassten, repetitiven Trainings ohne die Gefährdung eines Patienten. Standardsituationen als auch seltene Komplikationen können nachgestellt werden. Diese Studie weist nach, dass Training an den Virtual-Reality-Simulatoren CATHI und Immersion zu einer Risikoreduktioin bei der Durchführung einer perkutanen Coronarintervention führt. Zur Untersuchung der Effekte von Virtual-Reality-Training auf die Performance einer perkutanen Coronarintervention wurde an der medizinischen Klinik Wuerzburg eine kontrolliert-radnomisierte Studie mit 33 Anfängern in der interventionellen Kardiologie durchgeführt. 16 Teilnehmer (Simulationsgruppe) erhielten ein intensives acht-stuendiges Simulationstraining an zwei verschiedenen Virtual-Reality-Simulatoren (CATHI und Immersion), 17 Teilnehmer bildeten die Kontrollgruppe, die den konservativen Ausbildungsgang repräsentierte und kein Simulationstraining erhielt. Alle Teilnehmer mussten in Form einer Prä- und Postevaluation unter realitätsnahen Umständen im Herzkatheterlabor der Uniklinik Würzburg innerhalb von 30 Minuten eine perkutane Coronarintervention an einem pulsatilen Herzkreislaufmodell aus Silikon (CoroSim) eigenständig vornehmen. Dabei musste eine an einer Aufteilung lokalisierte hochgradige Stenose ohne Abgänge mit einer Länge von 10mm und einem Gefäßdurchmesser von 4mm eröffnet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten für die Präevaluation keine gruppenspezifischen Unterschiede. Nach dem Simulationstraining zeigte sich eine signifikante Verbesserung der Simulationsgruppe bei der Risikominimierung in Bezug auf Sicherheit bei der Anwendung des Führungskatheters, des Koronardrahts, des Ballon/Stents und bei der KM-Injektion, während sich die Kontrollgruppe in diesen Punkten nicht verbessern konnte. Die aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass Training an den Virtual-Reality-Simulatoren, als Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen Ausbildung, ein hohes Potential für die Optimierung von interventionellen Herzkathetereingriffen verfügt. N2 - Annually more than 800.000 diagnostic procedures and 300.000 percutaneous coronary interventions are performed in Germany. The need of interventional cardiologists is growing continuously. The education is following the "appranticeship-model" which means that trainees arrange procedures with the guidance of an experienced teacher. But this way of education is exposed to several problems like personnel and financial restrictions as well as ethical criticism. The development of realistic virtual-reality-simulation-systems could be a possible solution for this dilemma. It provides repetitive, individual, riskfree training of standard and also of rare situations. In the following study the effect of virtual-reality-training has been analyzed in a randomised controlled trial at the university hospital of Wuerzburg. The study was performed with the two simulation systems CATHI and Immersion and 33 participants, who who have been beginners in interventional cardiology. 16 cardiologists were given 8 hours of intensive training at both simulation systems (=simulation-group). 17 participants representated the conventional education without receiving simulation-training (=control-group). All particpants completed an pre- and postevaluation. At the beginning no differences between the groups could be documentated. After the virtual-reality-training the simulation-group could significantly improve the risk awareness in catheter-/ balloon- and stent-handling during a percutaneous coronarintervention. The results prove that virtual-reality-simulation is a valuable tool to improve risk awareness in interventional cardiology in addition to the conventional education. KW - Virtuelle Realitaet KW - Simulation KW - Kardiologie KW - Herzkatheter KW - virtual-reality KW - simulation KW - cardiology Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72654 ER - TY - THES A1 - Backs, Deborah T1 - Kardiale und pulmonale Verlaufsparameter beim Multiplen Myelom vor und nach Induktionstherapie und Prävalenz der kardialen Amyloidose T1 - Cardiac and pulmonary course parameters in multiple myeloma before and after induction therapy and prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis N2 - Das Multiple Myelom stellt in Deutschland die zweithäufigste hämatologische Neoplasie dar. Im Rahmen der Induktionstherapie mit anschließender autologer Stammzelltransplantation werden gehäuft kardiotoxische Substanzen eingesetzt; eine der schwerwiegendsten kardialen Nebenwirkung hierdurch ist die Chemotherapie-induzierte Herzinsuffizienz. In bis zu 10 % der Fälle ist das Multiple Myelom mit einer kardialen Amyloidose (AL-Amyloidose) assoziiert. Deren klinischen Symptomatik kann gehäuft ebenfalls mit Zeichen der Herzinsuffizienz einhergehen. Die Echokardiographie stellt für die Diagnostik der Herzinsuffizienz den Goldstandard dar. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Kohortenstudie (AmcorRetro-Studie) war es durch den Vergleich der echokardiographischen Parameter vor/nach Induktionstherapie mögliche kardiotoxische Effekte und prognostischer Relevanz während der Therapie zu bestimmen. Des Weiteren erfolgte die Evaluation der Prävalenz der kardialen Amyloidose. In einer weiteren Analyse erfolgte pulmonaler Parameter mittels Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik während des Therapieverlaufes. Initial waren 325 Patienten, die im Rahmen der Therapie des Multiplen Myeloms in den Jahren von 2004 bis 2011 mindestens einmal an der Universitätsklinik Würzburg autolog stammzelltransplantiert wurden, eingeschlossen. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit mit dem Schwerpunkt der echokardiographischen Endpunkte befinden sich 100 Patienten in der Kohorte, bei denen mindestens zwei serielle Echokardiographien (vor und nach Induktion) vorlagen. In der Analyse der echokardiographischen Parameter (Follow-up im Median 13 Monaten) konnte eine signifikante Reduktion der linken Vorhofparameter nachgewiesen werden (LADs: -1,5 mm, p = 0,009; Septumdicke: - 1 mm, p = 0,001). Es gab keine signifikanten Einflüsse auf die linksventrikuläre Pumpfunktion (vor/nach der Therapie ≥ 55%, p = 0,24), allerdings entwickelten drei Patienten eine Abnahme der systolischen Funktion < 50 % (p = 0,08). Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte sich eine signifikante Zunahme der diastolischen Dysfunktion um 16,5 % (p = 0,002). In der univariaten Cox-Regressionsanalyse war eine höhere systolische Pumpfunktion mit einem signifikanten Überleben assoziiert (HR= 0,89; p = 0,05). In unser Kohorte hatten sieben Patienten (N = 7/100) vor Induktion den histologischen Nachweis einer Amyloidose (Prävalenz 7 %), in zwei Fällen mit kardialer Beteiligung (N= 2/100). Im Vergleich der Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik (vor/nach Induktion) zeigte sich eine signifikante Zunahme des Residualvolumens (p = 0,04). In der univariaten Cox- Regressionsanalyse war eine hohe Vitalkapazität sowie hohe Einsekundenkapazität mit einem signifikanten Überlebensvorteil assoziiert. Dieser Trend zeigte sich ebenfalls auch nach trivariater Adjustierung für Alter und Geschlecht (VC in %: HR= 1,0; p= 0,03 und FEV1 in %: HR= 1,0; p = 0,07). Die Studie konnte mit der hier nachgewiesenen Prävalenz von 7 % bestätigen, dass die kardiale Amyloidose eine seltene Folgeerkrankung des Multiplen Myeloms ist. Die Stammzell-transplantation hat sowohl positive (Reduktion LADs, Septumdicke) als auch negative Auswirkungen (Anstieg diastolische Dysfunktion, im Trend Zunahme der Patienten mit eingeschränkter systolischer Funktion) auf die kardiale Funktion. Die systolische Funktion war als einziges prognoserelevant. Unter der Chemotherapie konnte eine Zunahme des Residualvolumens und somit eine direkte Lungenschädigung beobachtet werden. N2 - Multiple myeloma is the second most common haematological neoplasia in Germany. In therapy (induction therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation), cardiotoxic substances are frequently used; one of the most serious cardiac side effects is chemotherapy-induced heart failure. In up to 10 % of cases, multiple myeloma is associated with cardiac amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis). The clinical symptoms of multiple myeloma can also often be accompanied by signs of heart failure. Echocardiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of heart failure. The aim of this retrospective cohort study (AmcorRetro study) was to determine possible cardiotoxic effects and prognostic relevance during therapy by comparing echocardiographic parameters before/after induction. In addition, the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis was evaluated. In a further analysis, lung function diagnostics before and after induction therapy were used to check whether changes in lung function parameters occur during therapy. Initially, 325 patients who underwent at least one autologous stem cell transplant at the University Hospital of Würzburg in the years 2004 to 2011 were included in the treatment of multiple myeloma. In this study, which focuses on echocardiographic endpoints, 100 patients were included in the cohort with at least two serial echocardiographies (before and after induction). The analysis of the echocardiographic parameters (follow-up median 13 months) showed a significant reduction of the left atrial parameters (LADs: -1.5 mm, p = 0.009; septum thickness: - 1 mm, p = 0.001). There were no significant influences on left ventricular pump function (before/after therapy ≥ 55%, p = 0.24), however three patients developed a decrease of systolic function < 50% (p = 0.08). In contrast, diastolic dysfunction increased significantly by 16.5% (p = 0.002). In the univariate Cox regression analysis, a higher systolic pump function was associated with significant survival (HR= 0.89; p = 0.05). In our cohort seven patients (N = 7/100) had histological evidence of amyloidosis (prevalence 7 %) before induction, in two cases with cardiac involvement (N = 2/100). A comparison of lung function diagnostics (before/after induction) showed a significant increase in residual volume (by 0.2 L, p = 0.04). In the univariate Cox regression analysis a high vital capacity and a high one-second capacity were associated with a significant survival advantage. This trend was also observed after trivariate adjustment for age and sex (VC in %: HR= 1.0; p= 0.03 and FEV1 in %: HR= 1.0; p = 0.07). With the prevalence of 7 % demonstrated here, the study was able to confirm that cardiac amyloidosis is a rare secondary disease of multiple myeloma. Stem cell transplantation has both positive (reduction in LADs, septum thickness) and negative effects (increase in diastolic dysfunction, and in the trend also increase in patients with impaired systolic function) on cardiac function. Of the echocardiographic parameters, only LVEF was prognostically relevant. During chemotherapy, an increase in residual volume and thus direct lung damage could be observed. KW - Amyloidose KW - kardiale Amyloidose KW - Echokardiographie KW - Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik KW - Multiples Myelom KW - Transthorakale Echokardiographie KW - Lungenfunktionsprüfung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-185442 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bala, Margarita A1 - Ronchi, Cristina L. A1 - Pichl, Josef A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Hahner, Stefanie T1 - Suspected metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma revealing as pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome N2 - Background Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a malignant disease most commonly diagnosed in the setting of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Pulmonary KS has never been reported in association with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Case presentation A 60-year-old woman presented with symptoms and signs of CS. Adrenal CS was confirmed by standard biochemical evaluation. Imaging revealed a right adrenal lesion (diameter 3.5 cm) and multiple pulmonary nodules, suggesting a cortisol-secreting adrenal carcinoma with pulmonary metastases. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy with a pathohistological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma. Subsequent thoracoscopic wedge resection of one lung lesion revealed pulmonary KS with positive immunostaining for human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). HIV-serology was negative. Hydrocortisone replacement was initiated for secondary adrenal insufficiency after surgery. Post-operative follow up imaging showed complete remission of all KS-related pulmonary nodules solely after resolution of hypercortisolism. Conclusion KS may occur in the setting of endogenous CS and may go into remission after cure of hypercortisolism without further specific treatment. KW - Cushing’s syndrome KW - Kaposi sarcoma KW - Immunosuppression KW - Hypercortisolism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110553 ER - TY - THES A1 - Balonov, Ilja T1 - Untersuchung des Metaboloms von Patienten mit Adipositas III° vor und nach chirurgischer bzw. konservativer Therapie (Würzburg Adipositas Studie) sowie im Tiermodell T1 - Investigation of the metabolome in patients with obesity III° before and after surgical or conservative therapy (Würzburg Adipositas Studie) and in the rodent model N2 - Die Auswirkungen der chirurgischen und konservativen Adipositastherapie auf das Metabolom sind bisher nicht eindeutig geklärt. Der Veränderung bestimmter Metaboliten, darunter den verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren (BCAA) und den langkettigen Phosphatidylcholinen (PC) bzw. Lecithinen, wird eine tragende Rolle im Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsel zugesprochen. Eine Erhebung von metabolomischen Profilen und deren funktionelle Aufteilung in Aminosäuren- und Lipidprofile bietet eine neue Möglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Stoffwechsels. Im Vergleich zu der konservativen Therapie wurde nach der RYGB Operation ein signifikanter Anstieg der Lecithine sowie ein signifikanter Abfall der BCAA festgestellt, welche als mögliche Biomarker des Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsels gezeigt wurden. In Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse kann angenommen werden, dass die chirurgische Therapie der konservativen Therapie, wie sie in der WAS durchgeführt wurde, im Hinblick auf den Gewichtsverlust und die Verbesserung des Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsels überlegen ist. Die Erhebung des Metaboloms bietet eine neue Möglichkeit Unterschiede im Stoffwechsel nach Adipositastherapie abzubilden und Metaboliten zu identifizieren, welche mit dem Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsel assoziiert sind. N2 - The effects of surgical and conservative obesity therapy on the metabolome have not been clearly elucidated. Alteration of certain metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and long-chain phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lecithins, respectively, is thought to play a supporting role in sugar and lipid metabolism. A survey of metabolomic profiles and their functional partitioning into amino acid and lipid profiles offers a new way to characterize metabolism. Compared to conservative therapy, a significant increase in lecithins as well as a significant decrease in BCAA were found after RYGB surgery, which were shown to be possible biomarkers of sugar and lipid metabolism. In synopsis of the results, it can be assumed that surgical therapy is superior to conservative therapy, as performed in WAS, in terms of weight loss and improvement of sugar and lipid metabolism. The metabolome survey provides a new opportunity to map differences in metabolism after obesity therapy and to identify metabolites associated with sugar and lipid metabolism. KW - Adipositas KW - Metabolom KW - Metabolome KW - Metabolomics KW - Obesity KW - Endocrinology KW - Endokrinologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328286 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balonov, Ilja A1 - Kurlbaum, Max A1 - Koschker, Ann-Cathrin A1 - Stier, Christine A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich T1 - Changes in plasma metabolomic profile following bariatric surgery, lifestyle intervention or diet restriction — insights from human and rat studies JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Although bariatric surgery is known to change the metabolome, it is unclear if this is specific for the intervention or a consequence of the induced bodyweight loss. As the weight loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) can hardly be mimicked with an evenly effective diet in humans, translational research efforts might be helpful. A group of 188 plasma metabolites of 46 patients from the randomized controlled Würzburg Adipositas Study (WAS) and from RYGB-treated rats (n = 6) as well as body-weight-matched controls (n = 7) were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. WAS participants were randomized into intensive lifestyle modification (LS, n = 24) or RYGB (OP, n = 22). In patients in the WAS cohort, only bariatric surgery achieved a sustained weight loss (BMI −34.3% (OP) vs. −1.2% (LS), p ≤ 0.01). An explicit shift in the metabolomic profile was found in 57 metabolites in the human cohort and in 62 metabolites in the rodent model. Significantly higher levels of sphingolipids and lecithins were detected in both surgical groups but not in the conservatively treated human and animal groups. RYGB leads to a characteristic metabolomic profile, which differs distinctly from that following non-surgical intervention. Analysis of the human and rat data revealed that RYGB induces specific changes in the metabolome independent of weight loss. KW - metabolomics KW - phosphatidylcholines KW - sphingolipids KW - branched-chain amino acids KW - obesity KW - Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass KW - rodent model KW - insulin resistance Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304462 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 24 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barrea, Luigi A1 - Vetrani, Claudia A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Verde, Ludovica A1 - Savastano, Silvia A1 - Colao, Annamaria A1 - Muscogiuri, Giovanna T1 - The importance of being a ‘lark’ in post-menopausal women with obesity: a ploy to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus? JF - Nutrients N2 - Chronotype is defined as the behavioral manifestation of circadian rhythms related to the external light–dark cycle. Evening chronotype has been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. Menopause is a lifestage associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and a change in circadian rhythmicity compared to pre-menopause. However, the prevalence of chronotype categories in menopause and their role in determining menopause-related cardiometabolic risk, mostly in obesity, have not been investigated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronotype categories in post-menopausal women with obesity and their role in menopause-related cardiometabolic risk. In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 49 pre-menopausal and 74 post-menopausal women with obesity. Anthropometric parameters, lifestyle habits, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), sleep quality, chronotype and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were studied. No significance differences were detected in terms of lifestyle and adherence to the MD between pre- and post-menopausal women. Chronotype was classified as morning in 66 (53.6%), evening in 20 (16.3%) and intermediate in 37 (30.1%) women. In addition, pre-menopausal women with obesity showed a significantly higher chance to have an intermediate chronotype (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.28–3.83; p = 0.004), whereas post-menopausal women with obesity showed a trend to have a higher morning chronotype (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.98–2.06; p = 0.051), although this did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were detected in terms of prevalence of evening chronotype between the two groups. However, the evening chronotype had a significantly higher risk to have T2DM compared to the morning (OR = 17.29, 95% CI 2.40–124.27; p = 0.005) and intermediate chronotypes (OR = 30.86, 95% CI 2.05–464.32; p = 0.013) in both pre- and post-menopausal women with obesity. In conclusion, the intermediate chronotype was significantly more prevalent in pre-menopausal women with obesity compared to post-menopausal women. Evening chronotype was associated to T2DM in both pre- and post-menopause. These results support the importance of including the assessment of chronotype in the management of women with obesity in post-menopause. KW - chronotype KW - circadian rhythms KW - menopause KW - obesity KW - type 2 diabetes KW - cardiovascular diseases Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248572 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 13 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Basile, Vittoria A1 - Puglisi, Soraya A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Canu, Letizia A1 - Libè, Rossella A1 - Ceccato, Filippo A1 - Beuschlein, Felix A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Calabrese, Anna A1 - Perotti, Paola A1 - Berchialla, Paola A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich A1 - Megerle, Felix A1 - Baudin, Eric A1 - Bourdeau, Isabelle A1 - Lacroix, André A1 - Loli, Paola A1 - Berruti, Alfredo A1 - Kastelan, Darko A1 - Haak, Harm R. A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Terzolo, Massimo T1 - What is the optimal duration of adjuvant mitotane therapy in adrenocortical carcinoma? An unanswered question JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - A relevant issue on the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) concerns the optimal duration of adjuvant mitotane treatment. We tried to address this question, assessing whether a correlation exists between the duration of adjuvant mitotane treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with ACC. We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis on 154 ACC patients treated for ≥12 months with adjuvant mitotane after radical surgery and who were free of disease at the mitotane stop. During a median follow-up of 38 months, 19 patients (12.3%) experienced recurrence. We calculated the RFS after mitotane (RFSAM), from the landmark time-point of mitotane discontinuation, to overcome immortal time bias. We found a wide variability in the duration of adjuvant mitotane treatment among different centers and also among patients cared for at the same center, reflecting heterogeneous practice. We did not find any survival advantage in patients treated for longer than 24 months. Moreover, the relationship between treatment duration and the frequency of ACC recurrence was not linear after stratifying our patients in tertiles of length of adjuvant treatment. In conclusion, the present findings do not support the concept that extending adjuvant mitotane treatment over two years is beneficial for ACC patients with low to moderate risk of recurrence. KW - mitotane KW - adjuvant treatment KW - adrenocortical cancer KW - recurrence KW - recurrence free survival KW - timing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236507 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bathe, Katharina T1 - Einfluss des Hepatozytenwachstumsfaktors(HGF) auf das linksventrikuläre Remodeling: Charakterisierung von Geometrie, Mechanik und Narbenentwicklung mittels NMR-Technik T1 - The Influence of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) on Ventricular Remodeling: Characterization of Geometry, Mechanics and Scar Formation with NMR N2 - Diese Dissertation beschreibt den Einfluss von HGF auf das ventrikuläre Remodeling des Rattenherzens in der 1. und 16. Woche nach Ischämie und Reperfusion. Die funktionalen Parameter wurden mit Hilfe des NMR gemessen. In der 16. Woche nach Ischämie und Reperfusion wurde die histologisch ermittelte Narbengröße mit dem Wert, der mittels NMR ermittelt wurde, verglichen. N2 - This dissertation describes the influence of HGF on ventricular cardial remodeling of rats one week and sixteen weeks after ischemia and reperfusion. The functional parameters were calculated with NMR. Sixteen weeks after ischemia and reperfusion the scar formation was also analyzed by histologic methods. The outcomes of this method were compared with the results of the measurement with NMR. KW - Hepatozyten-Wachstumsfaktor KW - Reperfusion KW - Ischämie KW - NMR-Bildgebung KW - Wistar-Ratten KW - kardiales Remodeling KW - Magnetische Kernresonanz KW - HGF KW - ischemia KW - reperfusion KW - rats KW - NMR Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-28177 ER - TY - THES A1 - Batroff, Taminèh Jana T1 - Zusammenhang zwischen dem kernspintomographisch ermittelten Verlauf der LV-Pumpfunktion und dem Nachweis von adrenergen Rezeptor-Autoantikörpern bei Patienten mit erstem akutem Myokardinfarkt (FAMI) oder akuter Myokarditis (AMitis) T1 - Correlation between the course of the LV pumping function determined by nuclear spin tomography and the detection of adrenergic receptor autoantibodies in patients with first acute myocardial infarction (FAMI) or acute myocarditis (AMitis) N2 - Die idiopathische dilatative Kardiomyopathie ist eine eher seltene Herzerkrankung (Inzidenz 8/100.000 Einwohner pro Jahr), jedoch eine der häufigsten Ursache für die Entstehung einer Herzinsuffizienz bei jüngeren Patienten und geht immer mit Veränderungen sowohl des humoralen als auch des zellulären Immunsystems einher. Die der vorliegenden Arbeit zugrunde liegende ETiCS-Studie untersucht besonders die Rolle von 1-adrenergen Autoantikörpern bei der Ausbildung und Entwicklung einer Herzinsuffizienz sowie deren Einfluss auf den Verlauf der kardialen Pumpfunktion nach einem ersten akuten Myokardinfarkt (FAMI) oder einer ersten Episode einer akuten Myokarditis (AMitis). Nach Studieneinschluss wurden diese beiden klar definierten Patientenkollektive über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten beobachtet. Im Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit stand der Verlauf der mittels MRT erhobenen kardialen Funktionsdaten (LVEF, EDV, ESV, SV, HI und LV-Masse, Baseline und 12 Monats-Follow Up) und ihr Zusammenhang mit Biomarkern der Herzschädigung (CK/CK-MB) sowie der Ausbildung/dem Verlauf von 1-Autoantikörpern. FAMI-Patienten wiesen innerhalb eines Jahres grundsätzlich eine Verbesserung der kardialen Pumpfunktion auf; Patienten mit erstem Hinterwandinfarkt zeigten im Vergleich zu Vorderwandinfarkt-Patienten bei generell besseren Ausgangswerten auch im Verlauf deutlich geringere Funktions- und Volumenänderungen. Patienten mit kleineren Myokardinfarkten (CK Werte <1000 U/l) zeigten, unabhängig von der Lokalisation, eine bessere Erholung der LV-Funktion, als Patienten mit größeren Herzinfarkten (CK Werte >1000 U/l). Bei den im Rahmen dieser Arbeit analysierten Infarktpatienten konnte allerdings kein wesentlicher Einfluss einer Ausbildung oder Gegenwart von herzspezifischen Autoantikörpern auf die Entwicklung der kardialen Pumpfunktion nachgewiesen werden. AMitis-Patienten wiesen innerhalb eines Jahres ebenso grundsätzlich eine Verbesserung der kardialen Pumpfunktion auf; In dieser Patienten-Kohorte scheint die mittel- und langfristige Entwicklung der kardialen Funktionsparameter jedoch stark von der Ausbildung 1-adrenerger Autoantikörper beeinflusst zu sein: Antikörper-negative AMitis-Patienten zeigten zu jedem Beobachtungszeitpunkt deutlich bessere kardiale Funktionsparameter als Antikörper-positiv getestete AMitis-Patienten. Dies bestätigt die initiale Hypothese der ETiCS-Studie und muss durch die abschließende Analyse aller ETiCS-Studienpatienten (erwartet 2019) noch bestätigt werden. Den Nachweis von 1-adrenergen Autoantikörpern in die Routine-Labordiagnostik einzuführen, erscheint aufgrund der Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zumindest bei Myokarditispatienten sinnvoll. Bei einem Herzinfarkt sprechen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit jedoch nicht für einen Mehrwert eines routinemäßigen 1-Autoantikörper-Screenings. N2 - Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a relatively rare heart disease (with an incidence of 8/100.000 inhabitants per year), but is one of the most often causes of heart failure in younger adults and is known to be associated with changes in both the humoral and the cellular immune system. The here presented ETiCS-study addressed the role of 1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in the development of heart failure and their influence on the course of cardiac function and remodeling after a first acute myocardial infarction (FAMI) or a first event of an acute myocarditis (AMitis). After inclusion into the study, these two well defined patient-cohorts were regularly followed for 12 months. The focus of the present doctoral thesis was to analyze the cardiac MRI functional data (LVEF, EDV, ESV, SV, CI and LV-mass, determined at baseline and after 12 months) and to relate them to biomarkers of cardiac damage (CK / CK-MB) and to the development/presence of 1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies. FAMI-patients within one year of follow-up showed a general improvement in cardiac pump function; however, patients with posterior myocardial infarction in general had a better cardiac performance at baseline and developed less functional and volume changes compared to patients with an anterior myocardial infarction. Patients with smaller myocardial infarctions (CK levels <1000 U/l) had a better recovery of LV function, regardless of the location, than patients with a larger myocardial infarction (CK levels >1000 U/l). In this study-cohort the development or presence of heart-directed autoantibodies (as 1-adrenergic autoantibodies) did not significantly influence the development (recovery or progression of heart failure) of cardiac functional parameters and performance. AMitis-patients within one year of follow-up equally showed a general improvement in cardiac pump function; however, in this cohort the development of cardiac functional parameters appeared to be dependent on the development/presence of 1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies: Antibody-negative AMitis-patients had significantly better functional LV-parameters than antibody-positive AMitis-patients at each follow-up. This finding is in agreement with the initial hypothesis of the ETiCS-study and is still to be confirmed by the final analysis of the data from all patients included into the ETiCS-study. Based on the preliminary data of the present thesis it appears justified to implement a screening for 1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies into routine laboratory diagnostics, at least in myocarditis patients. In acute myocardial infarction, the results of this work do not support an added value of routine autoantibody screening, however. KW - Myokardinfarkt KW - Myokarditis KW - beta1-adrenerger Rezeptor KW - beta1-adrenerge Autoantikörper KW - ETiCS KW - Etiology KW - FAMI KW - AMitis KW - Titre-Course KW - Survival Study Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173421 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bauer, Tanja T1 - Untersuchung der Entstehung von intrazellulärem oxidativem Stress unter dem Einfluss von oxidiertem low density lipoprotein N2 - Zusammenfassend konnte durch diese Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass es unter dem Einfluss von oxLDL unabhängig von der intrazellulären Aufnahme und der Aktivierung der NAD(P)H-Oxidase sowohl in glatten Muskelzellen als auch in Endothelzellen zur Bildung von oxidativem Stress kommt. Einzelne Untergruppen der dabei generierten ROS konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Zudem konnte die extrazelluläre Bildung von O2•- durch oxLDL gezeigt werden. In auf dieser Arbeit basierenden nachfolgenden Arbeiten konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die oxLDL-immanenten oxidativen Reaktionsketten bzw. Emissionsketten von reaktiven Radikalen nicht alleinig über die Aufnahme des Partikels an die Zellen weitergegeben werden müssen, sondern dass der physische Kontakt von zellulären Lipidmembranen mit den oxLDL-Lipiden ausreicht. N2 - In summary, it was shown that under the influence of oxLDL independently of the intracellular uptake and activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells oxidative stress was produced. Some subgroups of the thereby generated ROS could not be detected. Also the extracellular formation of O2•- by oxLDL was shown. In following studies could be proved, that oxLDL-intrinsic oxidative reaction chains and emission chains of reactive radicals not solely passed on the inclusion of the particle to the cells, but that the physical contact of cellular lipid membranes with the oxLDL lipids is sufficient. KW - oxLDL KW - oxidativer Stress KW - oxLDL KW - intrazellulärer Stress KW - oxLDL KW - oxidative stress Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51884 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang R. A1 - Nadler, Walter T1 - Thermodynamics of Competitive Molecular Channel Transport: Application to Artificial Nuclear Pores N2 - In an analytical model channel transport is analyzed as a function of key parameters, determining efficiency and selectivity of particle transport in a competitive molecular environment. These key parameters are the concentration of particles, solvent-channel exchange dynamics, as well as particle-in-channel- and interparticle interaction. These parameters are explicitly related to translocation dynamics and channel occupation probability. Slowing down the exchange dynamics at the channel ends, or elevating the particle concentration reduces the in-channel binding strength necessary to maintain maximum transport. Optimized in-channel interaction may even shift from binding to repulsion. A simple equation gives the interrelation of access dynamics and concentration at this transition point. The model is readily transferred to competitive transport of different species, each of them having their individual in-channel affinity. Combinations of channel affinities are determined which differentially favor selectivity of certain species on the cost of others. Selectivity for a species increases if its in-channel binding enhances the species’ translocation probablity when compared to that of the other species. Selectivity increases particularly for a wide binding site, long channels, and fast access dynamics. Recent experiments on competitive transport of in-channel binding and inert molecules through artificial nuclear pores serve as a paradigm for our model. It explains qualitatively and quantitatively how binding molecules are favored for transport at the cost of the transport of inert molecules. KW - Thermodynamik KW - Transport KW - Molekül KW - Molecular Channel Transport KW - Artificial Nuclear Pores KW - Thermodynamics Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68484 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf T1 - Impact of Interparticle Interaction on Thermodynamics of Nano-Channel Transport of Two Species JF - Entropy N2 - Understanding the function and control of channel transport is of paramount importance for cell physiology and nanotechnology. In particular, if several species are involved, the mechanisms of selectivity, competition, cooperation, pumping, and its modulation need to be understood. What lacks is a rigorous mathematical approach within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, which explains the impact of interparticle in-channel interactions on the transport properties of the respective species. To achieve this, stochastic channel transport of two species is considered in a model, which different from mean field approaches, explicitly conserves the spatial correlation of the species within the channel by analysis of the stochastic dynamics within a state space, the elements of which are the channel’s spatial occupation states. The interparticle interactions determine the stochastic transitions between these states. Local flow and entropy production in this state space reveal the respective particle flows through the channel and the intensity of the Brownian ratchet like rectifying forces, which these species exert mutually on each other, together with its thermodynamic effectiveness and costs. Perfect coupling of transport of the two species is realized by an attractive empty channel and strong repulsive forces between particles of the same species. This confines the state space to a subspace with circular topology, in which the concentration gradients as thermodynamic driving forces act in series, and channel flow of both species becomes equivalent. For opposing concentration gradients, this makes the species with the stronger gradient the driving, positive entropy producing one; the other is driven and produces negative entropy. Gradients equal in magnitude make all flows vanish, and thermodynamic equilibrium occurs. A differential interparticle interaction with less repulsive forces within particles of one species but maintenance of this interaction for the other species adds a bypass path to this circular subspace. On this path, which is not involved in coupling of the two species, a leak flow of the species with less repulsive interparticle interaction emerges, which is directed parallel to its concentration gradient and, hence, produces positive entropy here. Different from the situation with perfect coupling, appropriate strong opposing concentration gradients may simultaneously parallelize the flow of their respective species, which makes each species produce positive entropy. The rectifying potential of the species with the bypass option is diminished. This implies the existence of a gradient of the other species, above which its flow and gradient are parallel for any gradient of the less coupled species. The opposite holds for the less coupled species. Its flow may always be rectified and turned anti-parallel to its gradient by a sufficiently strong opposing gradient of the other one. KW - channel transport KW - entropy production KW - thermodynamics KW - non-equilibrium thermodynamics KW - statistical mechanics KW - free energy KW - state space KW - Brownian ratchet KW - interparticle interaction Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203240 SN - 1099-4300 VL - 22 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Schedelbeck, Ulla A1 - Pulzer, Alina A1 - Bluemel, Christina A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Steger, U. T1 - A case report of a solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma JF - BMC Surgery N2 - Background Solitary metastases to the pancreas are rare. Therefore the value of resection in curative intention remains unclear. In the literature there are several promising reports about resection of solitary metastasis to the pancreas mainly of renal origin. Case presentation Here we report for the first time on the surgical therapy of a 1.5 cm solitary pancreatic metastasis of an adrenocortical carcinoma. The metastasis occurred almost 6 years after resection of the primary tumor. A partial pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and postoperatively adjuvant mitotane treatment was initiated. During the follow-up of 3 years after surgery no evidence of tumor recurrence occurred. Conclusion Resection of pancreatic tumors should be considered, even if the mass is suspicious for metastatic disease including recurrence of adrenocortical cancer. KW - surgical treatment KW - adrenocortical KW - carcinoma metastases to pancreas Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126130 VL - 15 IS - 93 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bausch, Severin Ferdinand Andreas T1 - Effekt von Spironolacton auf die vaskuläre Funktion bei Hämodialysepatienten T1 - Effect of spironolactone on vascular function in hemodialysis patients N2 - Chronische Nierenerkrankungen gehen mit einer erhöhten kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Charakteristisch für chronische Nierenerkrankungen, insbesondere im Stadium der Dialysepflichtigkeit, ist eine ausgeprägte Voralterung der Gefäße. Die Vorgänge, die den beschleunigten vaskulären Alterungsprozessen zugrunde liegen, umfassen ein Zusammenspiel aus einem gestörten Mineralstoffwechsel, der Akkumulation urämischer Toxine und chronischer Inflammation. Das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (RAAS) nimmt dabei eine zentrale Rolle ein. Eine gesteigerte Aktivität des RAAS ist ein Merkmal von kardiorenalen Syndromen und moduliert jenseits seiner Effekte auf den Blutdruck vaskuläre Entzündungs- und Remodelingprozesse. Durch das vaskuläre Altern kommt es zur Abnahme arterieller Compliance und zur Erhöhung der Pulswellengeschwindigkeit (PWV). Dadurch erhöht sich das Risiko für Endorganschäden. Die arterielle Gefäßsteifigkeit ist ein unabhängiger Prädiktor für Mortalität bei chronisch-dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz und eine Reduktion arterieller Rigidität geht mit einem verbesserten Überleben einher. Randomisierte Studien bei Dialysepatienten konnten bislang keinen eindeutigen Nutzen etablierter pharmakologischer Interventionen zur Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos und vaskulärer «Stiffeningprozesse» feststellen. Als ein potentiell wirksamer Therapieansatz werden Mineralokortikoidrezeptorantagonisten (MRA) angesehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit evaluierte im Rahmen der Placebo-kontrollierten, randomisierten «Mineralocorticoid-Receptor Antagonists in End-Stage Renal Disease» (MiREnDa) Studie, ob die tägliche Einnahme von 50 mg Spironolacton über neun Monate einen Effekt auf die vaskuläre Funktion bei Patienten mit dialysepflichtiger chronischer Nierenerkrankung hat. Neben aortaler PWV, Augmentationsindex, zentralem Puls- und Blutdruck wurden zur Evaluation der vaskulären Funktion die Compliance der thorakalen Aorta und der A. carotis communis sowie die Distensibilität der A. carotis communis und die fluss-vermittelte Dilatation der A. brachialis vor Studienbeginn als sekundäre Endpunkte festgelegt. Ein weiterer Aspekt, der evaluiert wurde, war die Frage nach Korrelationen zwischen PWV und Augmentationsindex einerseits und weiteren Parametern vaskulärer Funktion, klinischen Merkmalen und Biomarkern andererseits. Die vorliegende Arbeit versuchte darüber hinaus, klinische Merkmale (Komorbiditäten, Inflammation), die ein Therapieansprechen von MRA potentiell modulieren, zu identifizieren. Das zentrale Ergebnis der Arbeit war, dass eine MRA-Therapie mit 50 mg Spironolacton täglich über neun Monate im untersuchten Kollektiv keinen Effekt auf die vaskuläre Funktion zeigte. N2 - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. CKD and especially end-stage kidney disease are characterized by pronounced premature vascular aging and arterial stiffness (AS). Several contributors such as a dysregulated mineral metabolism, the accumulation of uremic toxins and chronic inflammation are involved in the process of increasing AS in CKD. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in this complex interaction. An overactivity of the RAAS is a hallmark of cardiorenal syndromes and modulates inflammation and remodeling beyond its effects on blood pressure. Declining arterial compliance results in an increase of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is associated with a higher risk of organ damage. AS is an independent predictor of CV and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients and its reduction is associated with an improved survival. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism (MRA) is considered to be a potential beneficial pharmacological intervention to reduce AS and thus CV morbidity and mortality in HD. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of MRA on vascular function in HD patients are scarce. The current study was part of the randomized placebo-controlled Mineralocorticoid-Receptor Antagonists in End-Stage Renal Disease (MiREnDa) trial and evaluated the effect of daily oral intake of 50 mg spironolactone for nine months on vascular function. Vascular parameters including aortic PWV and pulse wave analysis (PWA), aortic and carotid compliance, carotid distensibility and brachial flow-mediated dilation were predefined as secondary endpoints. Furthermore, we investigated the associations of PWV and PWA and other parameters of vascular function, clinical features and biomarkers. Finally, we tried to identify factors determining treatment response (such as comorbidities and inflammation) of MRA in HD patients. The main finding of this study was that treatment with 50 mg spironolactone daily for nine months had no effect on vascular function. KW - Hämodialyse KW - Spironolacton KW - Pulswelle KW - Arterielle Gefäßsteifigkeit KW - Vaskuläre Funktion KW - Chronische Nierenerkrankung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293479 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Hanna A1 - Titze, Stephanie I. A1 - Hübner, Silvia A1 - Busch, Martin A1 - Schlieper, Georg A1 - Schultheiss, Ulla T. A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Krane, Vera A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Köttgen, Anna T1 - Heart Failure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The GCKD Study JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for development and progression of heart failure (HF). CKD and HF share common risk factors, but few data exist on the prevalence, signs and symptoms as well as correlates of HF in populations with CKD of moderate severity. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of HF in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study, a large observational prospective study. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 5,015 GCKD patients aged 18-74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m\(^{2}\) or with an eGFR >= 60 and overt proteinuria (>500 mg/d). We evaluated a definition of HF based on the Gothenburg score, a clinical HF score used in epidemiological studies (Gothenburg HF), and self-reported HF. Factors associated with HF were identified using multivariable adjusted logistic regression. The prevalence of Gothenburg HF was 43% (ranging from 24% in those with eGFR >90 to 59% in those with eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2). The corresponding estimate for self-reported HF was 18% (range 5%-24%). Lower eGFR was significantly and independently associated with the Gothenburg definition of HF (p-trend <0.001). Additional significantly associated correlates included older age, female gender, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, anemia, sleep apnea, and lower educational status. Conclusions The burden of self-reported and Gothenburg HF among patients with CKD is high. The proportion of patients who meet the criteria for Gothenburg HF in a European cohort of patients with moderate CKD is more than twice as high as the prevalence of self-reported HF. However, because of the shared signs, symptoms and medications of HF and CKD, the Gothenburg score cannot be used to reliably define HF in CKD patients. Our results emphasize the need for early screening for HF in patients with CKD. KW - global outcomes KW - cardiovascularm disease KW - consensus conference KW - men born KW - insufficiency KW - epidemiology KW - European Society KW - atherosclerosis risk KW - United States KW - glomerular filtration rate KW - KDIGO Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143315 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beck, Wiebke T1 - Effektivität einer Mitotanemonotherapie beim fortgeschrittenen Nebennierenkarzinom T1 - Effectiveness of mitotanemonotherapy in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcionoma N2 - Das fortgeschrittene Nebennierenkarzinom stellt Mediziner:innen im klinischen Alltag mit seinem aggressiven Verhalten vor eine große therapeutische Herausforderung. Bisher nimmt Mitotane die zentrale Rolle der medikamentösen Tumortherapie ein. Obwohl es seit über 60 Jahren im Einsatz ist, wurde die Frage der Effektivität einer Monotherapie im fortgeschrittenen Stadium in der Literatur bisher nur wenig untersucht. Daher wurden in dieser retrospektiven Studie Daten von 127 Patient:innen aus dem deutschen Nebennierenkarzinomregister untersucht, welche eine Mitotanemonotherapie bei Erst/- Rezidivdiagnose eines fortgeschrittenen ACC erhielten. Anhand dieses Datensatzes wurde die Ansprechrate, das progressionsfreie und Gesamtüberleben mithilfe der Kaplan- Meier- Methode ermittelt. Darüber hinaus wurde der Versuch einer Definition potenzieller Prädiktoren für ein verbessertes Ansprechen mittels Cox- Regressionsanalyse unternommen. Insgesamt wurde bei 26 Patient:innen (20,5%) ein objektives Ansprechen erzielt, von denen 3 Patient:innen eine komplette und 23 Patient:innen eine partielle Remission erreichten. Bei 32 weiteren Patient:innen (25,2%) wurde eine Stabilisierung der Erkrankung verzeichnet. Das progressionsfreie Überleben lag im Median bei 4,1 Monaten, das mediane Gesamtüberleben betrug 18,5 Monate. In der multivariaten Cox- Regressionsanalyse konnten zwei wesentliche, unabhängige Faktoren identifiziert werden: Patient:innen mit einer niedrigen Tumorlast (definiert als <10 Läsionen) scheinen im Vergleich zu Patient:innen mit einer höheren Tumorlast von der Therapie hinsichtlich des progressionsfreien Überlebens (HR:0,51; 95%-CI:0,33-0,79; p=0,02) und Gesamtüberlebens (HR:0,59; 95%-CI: 0,30-0,91; p=0,017) besser zu profitieren. Interessanterweise zeigen Patient:innen, die Mitotane erst zum Zeitpunkt eines Spätrezidivs (>360 Tage nach Erstdiagnose) erhalten haben, ein deutlich besseres Ansprechen im Vergleich zu Patient:innen, welche Mitotane unmittelbar nach Erstdiagnose erhielten: Es zeigte sich ein verlängertes progressionsfreies Überleben (HR: 0,35; 95%-CI: 0,23-0,55; p=0,001) und Gesamtüberleben (HR: 0,34; 95%-CI: 0,22-0,52; p=0,001). In der weiteren Analyse zeigte sich, dass sich ein Mitotanespiegel von >14mg/l günstig auf ein verbessertes Gesamtüberleben auswirkt. Zusammenfassend zeigt unsere bisher weltweit größte zu diesem Thema durchgeführte Studie, dass eine Mitotanemonotherapie unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen zu sehr guten Ergebnissen führen kann: Dabei scheinen Patient:innen mit einer niedrigen Tumorlast und dem späten Beginn einer Mitotanetherapie besonders geeignet für diese Therapiemodalität zu sein, während man Patient:innen mit Metastasen bei Erstdiagnose bzw. einer hohen Tumorlast zum Zeitpunkts des Rezidivs besser direkt mit einer Kombination aus Mitotane plus zytotoxischer Chemotherapie behandelt. N2 - The advanced adrenocortical carcinoma is a very rare and aggressive disease with dismal prognosis. For over 60 years Mitotane plays a key role in therapy and is the only approved drug in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. Nevertheless, data on monotherapy with mitotane in non-completely resectable adrenocortical carcinoma are scarce. Therefore, we analyzed 127 patients from the German ACC Registry with first or recurrent diagnosis of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma who underwent mitotane monotherapy. Based on this cohort, we analyzed response rates, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with the kaplan meier analysis. We also examined and defined several potential risk factors with cox regression models. 49 patients (38.6%) showed advanced stages of the disease at initial diagnosis and 78 patients (61.4%) started mitotane monotherapy after getting the diagnosis of an unresectable disease. We were able to detect a response in 26 patients (20.5%). 23 Patients showed a stable disease. The median progression free survival was 4.1 months, the overall survival in median was 18.5 months. The uni- and multivariate cox regression analysis showed two potential risk factors: patients with a lower tumor burden (< 10 tumor lesions) exhibited a significant longer progression free survival (HR:0.51; 95%-CI: 0.33-0.79; p=0.02) and overall survival (HR:0.59; 95%-CI: 0.30-0.91; p=0.017) than patients with a high tumor burden. Interestingly, patients who started mitotane at the time of late recurrence (>360 days after initial diagnosis) showed a better response rate than patients who started earlier: the progression free survival (HR: 0.35; 95%-CI: 0.23-0.55; p=0.001) and overall survival (HR: 0.34; 95%-CI: 0.22-0.52; p=0.001) was significantly longer. Moreover, a mitotane blood level > 14mg/l seems to have a favorable effect on overall survival. In the current worldwide biggest study of mitotane monotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma we demonstrated that mitotane can achieve a clinical benefit in patients. The study suggests that patients who have a low tumor burden and started mitotane therapy after late recurrence benefit from mitotane monotherapy, whereas patients with a high tumor burden in initial diagnosis are more suitable candidates for starting with mitotane in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. KW - Nebennierenrinde KW - Nebennierenrindencarcinom KW - Nebennierenrindenkarzinom KW - Nebennierentumor KW - Nebennierenkrankheit KW - Mitotane KW - Nebennierenkarzinom KW - Adrenocortical Carcinoma KW - Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-289493 ER - TY - THES A1 - Becker, Maximilian T1 - Quantifizierung des Einflusses einer mittelgradigen Aortenklappenstenose auf das Patientenoutcome bei vorbestehender Herzinsuffizienz T1 - Influence of moderate aortic stenosis on outcome in patients with systolic heart failure N2 - Hintergrund Während eine hochgradige Aortenklappenstenose in vielen Fälle eine Indikation zum Klappenersatz darstellt, wird bei mittelgradiger Aortenklappenstenose lediglich eine engmaschige echokardiographische Kontrolle empfohlen. Es besteht schließlich weitgehender Konsens, dass diese von Patienten ohne Pumpfunktionsstörung gut kompensiert werden kann. Unklar bleibt jedoch, ob dies ebenso für Patienten mit LV-Dysfunktion gilt oder ob diese als eigenständige Kohorte behandelt werden sollten. Methoden Insgesamt wurden 67 Patienten des Aortenklappenstenose-Registers im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg im mittelgradigen Stadium (AÖF 1,1 – 1,5 cm2) mit Erstdiagnose zwischen Mai 2005 und August 2013 und begleitender systolischer Herzinsuffienz (Mittelwert: Alter 75±8 Jahre, 69% männlich, EF 38,7±7,7%) retrospektiv analysiert. Diese wurden mit 139 Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten ohne Stenose des DZHI Würzburgs, welche auf die Parameter Alter, Geschlecht und Ejektionsfraktion gematcht waren, verglichen (Mittelwert: Alter 74±6 Jahre, 66% männlich, EF 38,9±2,6%). Ausgeschlossen wurden Patienten mit bikuspider Aortenklappe, Patienten nach Aortenklappenersatz, Patienten mit anderen höhergradigen Vitien sowie Patienten mit seltenen, hereditären Kardiomyopathien. Es wurden die Endpunkte allgemeiner Tod, kardialer Tod und Hospitalisierung wegen Herzinsuffizienz über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 Jahren untersucht. Ergebnisse Während im Kollektiv mit mittelgradiger Aortenklappenstenose (MAKS-Kollektiv) Hypertonus und Diabetes signifikant häufiger auftraten, hatten im Vergleichskollektiv deutlich mehr Patienten eine positive Raucheranamnese und einen Herzinfarkt durchgemacht. Waren im MAKS-Kollektiv Patienten aus allen NYHA-Klassen gleichmäßig vertreten, so waren im Vergleichskollektiv vor allem Patienten der NYHA-Klasse II und III repräsentiert. Hinsichtlich echokardiographischer Messwerte zeigten MAKS-Patienten zum Baseline-Zeitpunkt in den diastolischen Parametern E/E’- Verhältnis (18,6±7 vs. 13,7±11, p=0,01) und Dezelerationszeit (232±105 ms vs. 197±79 ms, p=0,025) schlechtere Werte und hatten häufiger Vorhofflimmern (37% vs. 22%, p=0,023). Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 Jahren starben 25 (37%) im MAKSKollektiv vs. 36 (26%) Patienten im Vergleichskollektiv (p=0,075) an allgemeinen Todesursachen sowie 14 (21%) vs. 15 (11%) Patienten an kardiovaskulären Ursachen (p=0,035) wohingegen 17 (25%) vs. 43 (31%) Patienten wegen Herzinsuffizienz hospitalisiert wurden (p=0,57). Im Stenose-Kollektiv wurden 4 Klappenersatz-Operationen durchgeführt. In der Cox-Regression zeigte sich das Alter als derart starker Prädiktor, dass nach Adjustierung auf Alter und Geschlecht der Einfluss der mittelgradigen Aortenklappenstenose hinsichtlich allgemeinem Tod [HR 1,59 (0,94-2,68), p=0,085] und kardiovaskulärem Tod [HR 1,73 (0,81-3,68), p=0,157] das Signifikanzniveau nicht erreichte. Schlussfolgerung Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand dieser Daten sagen, dass Patienten mit mittelgradiger Aortenklappenstenose und gleichzeitig bestehender LV-Dysfunktion ein tendenziell schlechteres Outcome im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne Aortenklappenstenose haben, wohingegen sich ihre Hospitalisierungsrate nicht unterscheidet. N2 - Severe aortic stenosis in many cases indicates an early valve replacement whereas moderate aortic stenosis should be regularly re-evaluated by echocardiographic follow up. This is due to the fact that moderate aortic stenosis is rather well compensated by patients with good systolic function. The aim of this study was to investigate if this applies as well to patients with systolic dysfunction or if they should be treated separately. KW - Aortenklappenstenose KW - Mittelgradige Aortenklappenstenose Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213348 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beierle, Felix A1 - Schobel, Johannes A1 - Vogel, Carsten A1 - Allgaier, Johannes A1 - Mulansky, Lena A1 - Haug, Fabian A1 - Haug, Julian A1 - Schlee, Winfried A1 - Holfelder, Marc A1 - Stach, Michael A1 - Schickler, Marc A1 - Baumeister, Harald A1 - Cohrdes, Caroline A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Deserno, Lorenz A1 - Edler, Johanna-Sophie A1 - Eichner, Felizitas A. A1 - Greger, Helmut A1 - Hein, Grit A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - John, Dennis A1 - Kestler, Hans A. A1 - Krefting, Dagmar A1 - Langguth, Berthold A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Probst, Thomas A1 - Reichert, Manfred A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Terhorst, Yannik A1 - Weiß, Martin A1 - Pryss, Rüdiger T1 - Corona Health — A Study- and Sensor-Based Mobile App Platform Exploring Aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Physical and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic is typically assessed via surveys, which might make it difficult to conduct longitudinal studies and might lead to data suffering from recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) driven smartphone apps can help alleviate such issues, allowing for in situ recordings. Implementing such an app is not trivial, necessitates strict regulatory and legal requirements, and requires short development cycles to appropriately react to abrupt changes in the pandemic. Based on an existing app framework, we developed Corona Health, an app that serves as a platform for deploying questionnaire-based studies in combination with recordings of mobile sensors. In this paper, we present the technical details of Corona Health and provide first insights into the collected data. Through collaborative efforts from experts from public health, medicine, psychology, and computer science, we released Corona Health publicly on Google Play and the Apple App Store (in July 2020) in eight languages and attracted 7290 installations so far. Currently, five studies related to physical and mental well-being are deployed and 17,241 questionnaires have been filled out. Corona Health proves to be a viable tool for conducting research related to the COVID-19 pandemic and can serve as a blueprint for future EMA-based studies. The data we collected will substantially improve our knowledge on mental and physical health states, traits and trajectories as well as its risk and protective factors over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and its diverse prevention measures. KW - mobile health KW - ecological momentary assessment KW - digital phenotyping KW - longitudinal studies KW - mobile crowdsensing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242658 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 14 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bennett, Theresa T1 - Klinische Präsentation und prognostische Rolle von Knochenmetastasen sowie Einfluss der tumorspezifischen Therapie beim medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom T1 - The clinical presentation and prognostic role of bone metastases and the influence of tumor-specific therapy in medullary thyroid carcinoma N2 - Über die klinische Präsentation von Knochenmetastasen (KM) und ihre Komplikationen, sog. Skeletal-related events (SRE), beim medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom (MTC) ist aktuell wenig bekannt. Es ist Ziel dieser multizentrischen Studie, klinische und morphologische Eigenschaften von KM beim MTC zu beschreiben und die prognostische Rolle der Morphologie der KM herauszuarbeiten. Außerdem wird die Rolle der antiresorptiven Therapie (ART) sowie der tumorspezifischen Behandlung mit Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI) untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 114 Patienten mit einem MTC und KM, welche zwischen 1973 und 2016 an vier deutschen Kliniken mit Schwerpunktversorgung diagnostiziert wurden, in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Zeit-bis-Event Analysen wurden mittels Kaplan-Meier Kurve dargestellt und Gruppen mit dem Log-Rank Test verglichen. Risikofaktoren wurden mit Cox Regression identifiziert. KM wurden im Median 2,1 Jahre nach der Erstdiagnose MTC diagnostiziert und traten in 79 % der Fälle multifokal auf. Die häufigste Lokalisation war die Wirbelsäule (86 %), gefolgt von der Hüfte (60 %). Die Morphologie der KM war in 32 % osteolytisch, in 25 % osteoblastisch und in 22 % wurde eine gemischte Morphologie beschrieben (unbekannt: 21 %). Innerhalb einer medianen Beobachtungszeit von 26,6 Monaten nach der Erstdiagnose KM trat in 47 % der Fälle mindestens ein SRE auf (Knochenbestrahlung 50 %, pathologische Frakturen 32 %). Davon waren 42 % bei Patienten mit osteoytischen und 17 % bei osteoblastischen KM zu finden (P = 0,047). Osteolytische Metastasen (HR 3,85, 95 % KI 1,52-9,77, P = 0,005) waren mit einem schlechterem Gesamtüberleben assoziiert. Bei Patienten, die präventiv eine ART erhielten, traten signifikant weniger SREs auf als bei unbehandelten Patienten (P = 0,04). In einer Subanalyse der 10 Patienten, die vor dem Auftreten eines SREs einen TKI erhalten hatten, waren signifikant weniger SREs zu verzeichnen (p= 0,013). Die Studie zeigt eine Assoziation zwischen osteolytischen KM und einer schlechteren Prognose. ART sowie TKI könnten eine protektive Rolle zur Vorbeugung von knochenbezogenen Ereignissen haben. Prospektive Studien sind notwendig, um diese möglichen Zusammenhänge zu prüfen. N2 - The clinical relevance of bone metastases (BM) in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is poorly described. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the prevalence of BM, frequency of skeletal related events (SREs), and impact of BM morphology and SREs on prognosis, and to assess the role of antiresorptive therapy (ART) as well as tumor- specific treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). A total of 114 patients with MTC and BM who were diagnosed between 1973 and 2016 at four German tertiary care centers were included in the analysis. Time-to-event analyzes were presented using a Kaplan-Meier curve and groups were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors. BM occurred 2.1 years after initial diagnosis, were multifocal in 79%, and were located preferentially in the spine (86%) and pelvis (60%). BM morphology was osteolytic in 32%, osteoblastic in 25%, and mixed in 22% of cases (unknown: 21%). Within a median observation period of 26.6 months after BM diagnosis, 47% of patients experienced one or more SREs (bone radiation 50%, pathological fractures 32%), of which 42% occurred in osteolytic and 17% in osteoblastic BM (P = .047). Presence of osteolytic metastases (hazard ratio 3.85, 95% CI 1.52-9.77, P = .005) was associated with impaired OS. Among the patients who received ART, SREs were significantly less frequent than in untreated patients (P = .04). In a sub-analysis of 10 patients who had received a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) before the onset of a SRE, significantly fewer SREs were recorded compared to patients without TKI therapy (P = .013). This study shows an association between osteolytic BM and a poorer prognosis. ART as well as TKI could play a protective role in preventing bone-related events. Prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate these associations. KW - Medullärer Schilddrüsenkrebs KW - Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom KW - Knochenmetastasen KW - Skeletal-related events KW - MTC Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293090 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernt, Alexander A1 - Rangrez, Ashraf Y. A1 - Eden, Matthias A1 - Jungmann, Andreas A1 - Katz, Sylvia A1 - Rohr, Claudia A1 - Müller, Oliver J. A1 - Katus, Hugo A. A1 - Sossalla, Samuel T. A1 - Williams, Tatjana A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Frank, Derk A1 - Frey, Norbert T1 - Sumoylation-independent activation of Calcineurin-NFAT-signaling via SUMO2 mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The objective of this study was to identify unknown modulators of Calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling. Measurement of NFAT reporter driven luciferase activity was therefore utilized to screen a human cardiac cDNA-library (~10\(^{7}\) primary clones) in C2C12 cells through serial dilutions until single clones could be identified. This extensive screening strategy culminated in the identification of SUMO2 as a most efficient Cn-NFAT activator. SUMO2-mediated activation of Cn-NFAT signaling in cardiomyocytes translated into a hypertrophic phenotype. Prohypertrophic effects were also observed in mice expressing SUMO2 in the heart using AAV9 (Adeno-associated virus), complementing the in vitro findings. In addition, increased SUMO2-mediated sumoylation in human cardiomyopathy patients and in mouse models of cardiomyopathy were observed. To decipher the underlying mechanism, we generated a sumoylation-deficient SUMO2 mutant (ΔGG). Surprisingly, ΔGG replicated Cn-NFAT-activation and the prohypertrophic effects of native SUMO2, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a sumoylation-independent mechanism. Finally, we discerned a direct interaction between SUMO2 and CnA, which promotes CnA nuclear localization. In conclusion, we identified SUMO2 as a novel activator of Cn-NFAT signaling in cardiomyocytes. In broader terms, these findings reveal an unexpected role for SUMO2 in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy, which may open the possibility for therapeutic manipulation of this pathway. KW - Calcineurin-NFATsignaling KW - activation KW - SUMO2 KW - cardiac hypertrophy Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167525 VL - 6 IS - 35758 ER - TY - THES A1 - Betz, Boris T1 - Wirkung von Rosiglitazon im Tiermodell des ischämischen akuten Nierenversagens T1 - Effect of rosiglitazone in an animal model of ischemic acute renal failure N2 - Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem NO-Stoffwechsel und der Wirkung von Rosiglitazon (RGZ) im ischämischen akuten Nierenversagen (iANV). Im Rattenmodell wurde mittels 60-minütigem Clamping beider Aa. renales ein iANV induziert. Die Unterteilung erfolgte in die Gruppen mit Gefäßclamping jeweils ohne bzw. mit Gabe von RGZ (Clamp+NaCl bzw. Clamp+RGZ) sowie in die entsprechenden Gruppen mit Scheinoperation (Sham+NaCl bzw. Sham+RGZ). 24 Stunden nach dem Eingriff wurde photometrisch die Inulin- und PAH-Clearance bestimmt. Die Expression der Enzyme, Proteine und Metabolite des NO-Stoffwechsels wurde mittels Western-Blot, real time-PCR aus Nierenhomogenisaten oder Flüssig¬chromato¬graphie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung (LC-MS/MS) aus Serumproben quantitativ bestimmt. In der unbehandelten Clamp-Gruppe zeigte sich ein deutlicher Abfall (90%) der Inulin- und PAH-Clearance und PAH-Nettosekretion. Die Gabe von RGZ besserte die Inulin- und PAH-Clearance sowie die PAH-Nettosekretion. Die Applikation von RGZ im iANV bewirkte keine aktivitätssteigernde Phosphorylierung der endothelialen NO-Synthase (eNOS) an Serine 1177. An eNOS Serine 633 nahm durch RGZ die Phosphorylierung ab. Auch das, an vielen Signalkaskaden beteiligte, Akt zeigte keine vermehrte Aktivierung. Die Gesamtexpression der eNOS-mRNA wurde durch RGZ im iANV signifikant geringer (auf 60% des Ausgangswertes) vermindert als in unbehandelten Tieren (20% des Ausgangswertes). Im iANV stieg die Expression der induzierbaren NO-Synthase (iNOS) - mRNA um das vierfache an, dieser Anstieg wurde durch Gabe von RGZ halbiert. Der verminderte Anstieg von iNOS kann als Erklärung für den Anstieg von eNOS dienen. Der Anstieg von ED-1 als Marker der Inflammationsreaktion sowie der Anstieg der Cleaved caspase 3 als Marker der Apoptosereaktion im iANV konnte nach der Applikation von RGZ nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden. Insgesamt schienen Inflammationsreaktion und Apoptose keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die funktionellen Parameter im iANV zu besitzen. Das L-Argininderivat „Asymmetrisches Dimethylarginin“ (ADMA), das eNOS kompetitiv hemmt, stieg im iANV in der Clamp+NaCl und in der Clamp+RGZ Gruppe um ungefähr 20% an. Das an der Synthese von ADMA beteiligte Enzym PRMT 1 (Proteinargininmethyltransferase) und das ADMA-abbauende Enzym DDAH II (Dimethylarginindiaminohydrolase) wurden im iANV nicht reguliert. DDAH I, ein funktionsgleiches Isomer von DDAH II, zeigte im iANV eine Herabregulation um 20%. Diese Herabregulation könnte den Anstieg von Serum-ADMA im iANV erklären. Die Applikation von RGZ hatte weder auf ADMA noch auf DDAH einen regulatorischen Effekt. Die Halbierung der Expression von PRMT 1 durch RGZ hatte keinen Einfluss auf den ADMA-Serumspiegel. L-Arginin (L-Arg) stieg mit 60% im iANV deutlich stärker an als ADMA und könnte den Anstieg von ADMA kompensieren. Der Anstieg von L-Arg war von RGZ unabhängig. Der Quotient aus L-Arg und ADMA stieg in unbehandelten Tieren im iANV signifikant an, unter der Gabe von RGZ jedoch nicht. Dieser fehlende Anstieg wirkte sich nicht wesentlich auf die Produktion von NO aus. Folglich stellen sowohl ADMA als auch der L-Arg/ADMA Quotient keine Erklärung für die unzureichende funktionelle Wirkung einer Expressionssteigerung von eNOS unter RGZ im iANV dar. „Symmetrisches Dimethylarginin“ (SDMA) inhibiert als Isomer von ADMA die Aufnahme von L-Arg in die Zelle kompetitiv. SDMA zeigte im iANV einen Anstieg um fast 400 % im Vergleich zu den Shamtieren. SDMA wurde durch die Gabe von RGZ nicht reguliert. Hieraus wurde die Hypothese abgeleitet, dass der erhöhte SDMA-Spiegel den transzellulären L-Arg-Transport blockiert. Dies kann den Serumanstieg von L-Arg im iANV erklären und würde zu einem intrazellulären Mangel an L-Arg führen. Die durch RGZ bewirkte Steigerung der Expression von eNOS bliebe ineffektiv, da durch den Substratmangel die Produktion von NO nicht adäquat ansteigen könnte. Das L-Arg-Paradox im iANV beschreibt die Tatsache, dass die Applikation von L-Arg im iANV zu einer Mehrproduktion von NO durch eNOS führt, obwohl der Serumspiegel von L-Arg bereits vor Applikation klar über dem Sättigungsbereich von eNOS liegt. Da der Anstieg von ADMA im iANV durch den deutlich höheren Anstieg von L-Arg überkompensiert wird, scheint ADMA als Erklärung des Paradoxes nicht hinreichend. Der deutliche Anstieg von SDMA im iANV hingegen könnte über eine Blockade des L-Arg-Transporters zu einem intrazellulären Mangel an L-Arg führen. Diese kompetitive Blockade könnte durch die Applikation von L-Arg aufgehoben werden. Somit wäre SDMA eine Erklärung für das L-Arg Paradox. Zusammenfassend wurde in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass der starke Anstieg von SDMA möglicherweise dem protektiven Effekt von RGZ im iANV entgegenwirkt. Außerdem konnte mit dem Anstieg von SDMA ein neuer Erklärungsansatz des L-Arg-Paradoxes im iANV aufgezeigt werden. N2 - The protective effect of PPAR-gamma agonists in renal I/R-injury has already been shown. Here the influence of the PPAR-gamma agonist Rosiglitazone (RGZ) on the NO-pathway which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of and recovery from renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injury is investigated. Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA/SDMA) are structurally similar to L-arginine (L-Arg). ADMA is released from PRMT1 (Proteinargininmethyltransferase) and competitively inhibits eNOS activity. SDMA impairs cellular L-Arg transport. Both, SDMA and ADMA are eliminated by renal excretion while ADMA is additionally metabolized by DDAH 1 / 2 (Dimethylarginindiaminohydrolase). CD rats, subjected to bilateral I/R injury (60min) were administered RGZ. Sham served as control. 24 hours after reperfusion clearances were determined photometrically. The kidneys were removed. Measurements in the homogenisate of the renal cortex were made by qPRC, Western-Blot and immunohistochemistry. Serum was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. I/R-injury caused a significant decrease in inulin-/PAH-clearance (5%/3% vs. sham). RGZ resulted in an improvement of renal function (12% vs. sham). RGZ did not induce a phosphorylation of eNOS at Serine 1179. RGZ reduced phosphorylation of eNOS at Serine 633 (50% vs. sham). The phosphorylation of akt, which is involved in multiple signalling pathways, remained unchanged. RGZ significantly attenuated the decrease of eNOS-mRNA in I/R-injury (from 20% to 60% vs. sham). It remains unsolved why distinct effect of RGZ on eNOS evoked only an unexpected small functional amelioration after renal I/R-injury. I/R-injury enhanced the expression of iNOS-mRNA. Moreover CC3 and ED-1 were significantly increased. RGZ attenuated the increase of iNOS expression significantly (from 400% to 170% vs. sham). The enhanced expression of CC3 and ED1 was almost completely reversed by RGZ. Serum-levels of ADMA (+19%), SDMA (+145%) and L-Arg (+97%) were significantly elevated in clamping group compared to sham. RGZ had no effect on ADMA, SDMA and L-Arg levels. The L-Arg/ADMA ratio increased (+83%) in I/R-injury. This effect was abolished by RGZ. PRMT1 remained unchanged in the clamping group. However, the application of RGZ caused a significant down-regulation of PRMT1 (-50%) in sham and clamping group without an influence on ADMA level. Expression of DDAH 2 remained unchanged, DDAH 1 expression showed a down-regulation in the clamping-group. This down-regulation could explain the rise of ADMA serum-levels. RGZ had no effect on DDAH 1/2 regulations. Both, the clear increase of L-Arg and the small rise in ADMA levels suggest that ADMA has no major role in the inhibition of eNOS activity. However, the distinct rise of SDMA after I/R-injury which is not influenced by RGZ could cause an intracellular lack of the NO-substrate L-Arg. Thus, one hypothizes that despite increased eNOS expression by RGZ the NO-production remains heavily impaired due to the intracellular lack of L-Arg which results from the SDMA-dependent regulation. This additionally might explain the only small effect of RGZ on renal function after I/R-injury. The L-Arginin-paradox describes the improvement of renal function during I/R-injury by adding L-Arg although the endothelial NO-synthase´s (eNOS) KM for the L-Arg substrate is already sufficient. SDMA could cause the rise of L-Arg serum-level and the intracellular lack of the substrate by blocking the L-Arg-transporters. This blockade could be overcome by the additional application of L-Arg. So the changes in serum SDMA level might moreover be a new explanation of the L-Arg-paradox. KW - Nierenversagen KW - Dimethylarginin KW - SDMA KW - Rosiglitazon KW - Stickstoffoxidsynthase KW - L-Arginin Paradox KW - iNOS KW - eNOS KW - The L-arginine Paradox KW - iNOS KW - eNOS Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47758 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Betz, Boris A1 - Schneider, Reinhard A1 - Kress, Tobias A1 - Schick, Martin Alexander A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Sauvant, Christoph T1 - Rosiglitazone Affects Nitric Oxide Synthases and Improves Renal Outcome in a Rat Model of Severe Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury JF - PPAR Research N2 - Background. Nitric oxide (NO)-signal transduction plays an important role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. NO produced by endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) has protective functions whereas NO from inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) induces impairment. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist exerted beneficial effects after renal I/R injury, so we investigated whether this might be causally linked with NOS imbalance. Methods. RGZ (5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. to SD-rats (f) subjected to bilateral renal ischemia (60 min). Following 24 h of reperfusion, inulin-and PAH-clearance as well as PAH-net secretion were determined. Morphological alterations were graded by histopathological scoring. Plasma NOx-production was measured. eNOS and iNOS expression was analyzed by qPCR. Cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) was determined as an apoptosis indicator and ED1 as a marker of macrophage infiltration in renal tissue. Results. RGZ improves renal function after renal I/R injury (PAH-/inulin-clearance, PAH-net secretion) and reduces histomorphological injury. Additionally, RGZ reduces NOx plasma levels, ED-1 positive cell infiltration and CC3 expression. iNOS-mRNA is reduced whereas eNOS-mRNA is increased by RGZ. Conclusion. RGZ has protective properties after severe renal I/R injury. Alterations of the NO pathway regarding eNOS and iNOS could be an explanation of the underlying mechanism of RGZ protection in renal I/R injury. KW - dysfunction KW - activated-receptor gamma KW - ischemia-reperfusion injury KW - failure KW - kidney KW - agnoists KW - mices KW - inos KW - pathophysiology KW - pioglitazone Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130872 VL - 2012 IS - Article ID 219319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bețiu, Alina M. A1 - Noveanu, Lavinia A1 - Hâncu, Iasmina M. A1 - Lascu, Ana A1 - Petrescu, Lucian A1 - Maack, Christoph A1 - Elmér, Eskil A1 - Muntean, Danina M. T1 - Mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications: the good, the bad and the mixed JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Mitochondria are central organelles in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system via the integration of several physiological processes, such as ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation, synthesis/exchange of metabolites, calcium sequestration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production/buffering and control of cellular survival/death. Mitochondrial impairment has been widely recognized as a central pathomechanism of almost all cardiovascular diseases, rendering these organelles important therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the setting of drug-induced toxicity in several tissues and organs, including the heart. Members of the drug classes currently used in the therapeutics of cardiovascular pathologies have been reported to both support and undermine mitochondrial function. For the latter case, mitochondrial toxicity is the consequence of drug interference (direct or off-target effects) with mitochondrial respiration/energy conversion, DNA replication, ROS production and detoxification, cell death signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. The present narrative review aims to summarize the beneficial and deleterious mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications as described in various experimental models and identify those for which evidence for both types of effects is available in the literature. KW - cardiovascular drugs KW - drug toxicity KW - mitochondria function and morphology KW - adverse effects KW - lactic acidosis KW - drug intoxication KW - drug interaction Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297384 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 21 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bischoff, Sebastian T1 - Lokalisation und Expression von spannungsabhängigen Natriumkanälen an ventrikulären, neonatalen Kardiomyozyten der Ratte T1 - Functional Protein Expression of Multiple Sodium Channel α-and β-Subunit Isoforms in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes N2 - Spannungsabhängige Natriumkanäle bestehen aus einer α-Untereinheit und zugehörigen β-Untereinheiten und sind verantwortlich für die schnelle Aufstrichphase eines Aktionspotenzials. Die α-Untereinheit bildet unter anderem die Pore, während die assoziierten β-Untereinheiten Zelladhäsionsaufgaben erfüllen und verantwortlich für Modulation der Kinetik und die Kommunikation mit dem Extrazellular-raum sind. In Vorarbeiten an Herzen von Säugetieren konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die eigentliche kardiale Isoform Nav1.5, als auch die TTX-sensitiven, neuronalen Isoformen Nav1.1, Nav1.3 und Nav1.6 vorkom-men. Diesen Untersuchungen lagen adulte Kardiomyozyten zugrunde. Unklar war allerdings die Lokalisation und Expression von Natrium-kanälen an neonatalen Herzmuskelzellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte die Isolation ventrikulärer Kardio-myozyten von Herzen neonataler, ein bis zwei Tage alter Ratten. Diese wurden nach zwei Tagen in Kultur mit spezifischen Antikörpern gegen α-und β-Untereinheiten mithilfe immunzytochemischer Unter-suchungsmethoden gefärbt. Zusätzlich wurden Connexin 43 und α-Actinin als Marker für Disci intercalares und intrazelluläre Sarkomere im Sinne einer Doppelfärbung dargestellt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels konfokaler Mikroskopie. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine Darstellung sowohl der kardialen (Nav1.5), als auch der neuronalen, TTX-sensitiven α-Natriumkanalisoformen (Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 und Nav1.6). Ebenso ließen sich alle vier bekannten β-Untereinheiten detektieren. Im Unterschied zu adulten Kardiomyozyten zeigte sich kein iso-formenspezifisches Verteilungsmuster, sondern eine gleichmäßige Ver-teilung aller Natriumkanaluntereinheiten über die Zellmembran. Es konnte für die dargestellten Isoformen eine Kolokalisation mit Connexin 43 an den Disci intercalares detektiert werden. Dies weist auf eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erregungsfortleitung von Zelle zu Zelle hin. N2 - Voltage-gated sodium channels are composed of pore-forming α- and auxiliary β-subunits and are responsible for the rapid depolarization of cardiac action potentials. Recent evidence indicates that neuronal tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive sodium channel α-subunits are expressed in the heart in addition to the predominant cardiac TTX resistant Nav1.5 sodium channel α- subunit. These TTX-sensitive isoforms are preferentially localized in the transverse tubules. Since neonatal cardiomyocytes have yet to develop transverse-tubules, we determined the complement of sodium channel subunits expressed in these cells. Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were stained with antibodies specific for individual isoforms of sodium channel α- and β-subunits. α-actinin, a component of the z-line, was used as an intracellular marker of sarcomere boundaries. TTX-sensitive sodium channel α-subunit isoforms Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 were detected in neonatal rat heart but at levels reduced compared to the predominant cardiac α-subunit isoform, Nav1.5. Each of the β-subunit isoforms (β1-β4) was also expressed in neonatal cardiac cells. In contrast to adult cardiomyocytes, the α-subunits are distributed in punctate clusters across the membrane surface of neonatal cardiomyocytes; no isoform-specific subcellular localization is observed. KW - Natriumkanal KW - Herzmuskelzelle KW - Ratte KW - neonatal KW - Kardiomyozyt KW - Ratte KW - Herzmuskelzelle KW - Natriumkanal KW - spannungsabhängig KW - neonatal KW - Sodiumchannel KW - voltage Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37320 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bisenius, Fabian T1 - Zum Stand der Versorgung chronisch herzinsuffizienter Patienten durch niedergelassene Kardiologen in Bayern - Ein Qualitätssicherungsprojekt T1 - A quality assurance project about the recent state of treatment of heart failure patients treated by residential cardiologists N2 - In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Kollektiv chronisch herzinsuffizienter Patienten aus der niedergelassenen kardiologischen Betreuung in Bayern analysiert und auf die Umsetzung der zum Zeitpunkt der HF-Bavaria Studie gültigen Leitlinien untersucht. Dabei wurde das Patientenkollektiv nach dem Geschlecht und zusätzlich auch nach den neu definierten Herzinsuffizienz-Klassen der aktuell gültigen Leitlinien eingeteilt, um Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten innerhalb dieser Differenzierungen darstellen zu können und einen Vergleich zu den Studien der jüngeren Vergangenheit zu ermöglichen. Die Patienten der HF-Bavaria Studie waren zu 65,9 % männlich (n = 3569) und zu 34,1 % weiblich (n = 1848). Die Frauen litten häufiger unter HFpEF, waren seit kürzerer Zeit herzinsuffizient und waren in der Vergangenheit seltener zur Therapieintensivierung oder Intervention hospitalisiert. Die Patientinnen berichteten dabei weniger häufig Komorbiditäten. So fanden sich bei den Frauen seltener KHK, Niereninsuffizienz oder Diabetes mellitus, hingegen häufiger Herzklappenerkrankungen und Vorhofflimmern. Weiterhin wurden die Patientinnen weniger häufig mit ACE-Hemmer, Betablocker und MRA, dagegen häufiger mit ARB und Digitalis behandelt. Im Patientenkollektiv der HF-Bavaria Studie hatten 29,0 % eine HFrEF (n = 1581), 28,9 % eine HFmrEF (n = 1577) und 42,0 % eine HFpEF (n = 2291). Patienten mit HFrEF waren überwiegend männlich, zum größten Teil seit mehr als 5 Jahren herzinsuffizient und im Vergleich zu den anderen Herzinsuffizienz-Klassen häufiger in den NYHA-Stadien III und IV eingestuft. HFrEF Patienten hatten den größten Anteil an bereits erfolgten Interventionen und Device-Therapien und die durchschnittlich höchste Anzahl an Komorbiditäten. Das Komorbiditätenspektrum bei Patienten mit HFmrEF lag prozentual in den meisten Kategorien zwischen den beiden anderen Herzinsuffizienz-Klassen. Patienten mit HFpEF waren überThe ewiegend weiblich, wiesen vergleichsweise am häufigsten eine komorbide Hypertonie oder ein Vorhofflimmern auf, während eine KHK deutlich seltener vorlag, als es in den anderen Herzinsuffizienz-Klassen der Fall war. Die Prüfung der leitliniengerechten Pharmakotherapie bei HFrEF-Patienten ergab eine insgesamt gleichwertige Verschreibungshäufigkeit im geschlechtsspezifischen Vergleich der nach NYHA-Stadium indizierten Medikamentenklassen und Kombinationstherapien. Lediglich im NYHA-Stadium III konnte gezeigt werden, dass Männer signifikant häufiger mit einem Betablocker therapiert wurden. Weiterhin zeigte sich, bis auf wenige Ausnahmen, eine auch im nationalen und internationalen Vergleich hohe prozentuale Einnahme der stadienabhängig indizierten Medikamente. Die Einnahmerate von MRAs war vergleichsweise noch geringer als zu erwarten wäre, jedoch konnte das begleitende Vorliegen relevanter Kontraindikationen nicht zuverlässig genug erfasst werden, um die tatsächliche Versorgungslücke zu quantifizieren. Die Analyse der Pharmakotherapie von HFmrEF- und HFpEF-Patienten zeigte, trotz bisher fehlender wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse zur optimalen medikamentösen Therapie dieser Patientengruppen, sehr ähnliche Einnahmehäufigkeiten der verschiedenen Substanzklassen im Vergleich zu den HFrEF-Patienten. Die Therapie mit Devices war im Patientenkollektiv der HF-Bavaria Studie vergleichsweise selten und dabei häufiger bei männlichen Patienten vorzufinden. Die Analyse der leitliniengetreuen Indikationen von ICDs, CRTs und CRT-ICDs zu den tatsächlich implantierten Devices ergab Hinweise auf eine Unterversorgung vermittels apparativer Therapiemöglichkeiten. Die Auswertung der HF-Bavaria Studie bestätigte die von uns erwartete Heterogenität und Komplexität der herzinsuffizienten Patienten in der niedergelassenen kardiologischen Betreuung. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass bedeutsame Unterschiede im Hinblick auf das Profil, den Verlauf und die Therapie von männlichen und weiblichen herzinsuffizienten Patienten bestehen. Die Therapieempfehlungen der Leitlinien richten sich trotz dieser Unterschiede vorrangig nach der Herzinsuffizienz-Klasse der Patienten. Bisher existierten in den Leitlinien vorrangig Therapieempfehlungen für Patienten mit einer HFrEF (und LVEF <40 %). Im Patientenkollektiv fanden sich jedoch zu 71 % Patienten mit einer LVEF ≥40 %. Dies bedeutet, dass für den Großteil der Patienten in unserer Studie bisher keine evidenzbasierten Behandlungsalgorithmen existieren, insbesondere zur Pharmakotherapie. Künftig sollte die Forschung vermehrt auf diese Evidenzlücken eingehen und idealerweise eine personalisierte Therapie ermöglichen. Abschließend lässt sich feststellen, dass die leitliniengerechte Therapie der herzinsuffizienten Patienten in der niedergelassenen kardiologischen Versorgung in Bayern eine im nationalen und internationalen Kontext fortgeschrittene Qualität besitzt. Dennoch wurden erwartungsgemäß Möglichkeiten zur Qualitätsverbesserung im vorliegenden Projekt identifiziert. N2 - In this study, a collective of patients with chronic heart failure from the resident cardiological care in Bavaria was analyzed and examined for the implementation of the guidelines valid at the time of the HF-Bavaria study. Therefore, the patient collective was assigned into groups defined by sex or by the newly defined heart failure classes, according to the valid guidelines at the time, to describe differences and similarities within this differentiation and to facilitate a comparison with studies of the recent past. Patients in the HF-Bavaria study were 65.9% male (n = 3569) and 34.1% female (n = 1848). Women suffered more often from HFpEF, suffered from heart failure for a shorter time and were less common to being hospitalized for a therapy intensification or an intervention in the past. Female patients reported fewer comorbidities. Women less often had CAD, renal insufficiency or diabetes mellitus, but more often heart valve disease or atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, female patients were less likely to be treated with an ACEI, beta-blocker or MRA, but more likely to receive ARB or digitalis. Patients in the HF-Bavaria study had a HFrEF by 29% (n = 1581), a HFmrEF by 28.9% (n = 1577) and a HFpEF by 42.0 % (n=2291). Patients with HFrEF were predominantly male, mostly suffered from heart failure for more than five years years and were more frequently in NYHA Class III and IV. HFrEF patients showed the highest rates of interventions, device-therapies and comorbidities. The rates of comorbidities of HFmrEF patients were intermediate between the other heart failure classes. Patients with HFpEF were predominantly female, showed the highest rates of hypertension and atrial fibrillation while CAD was more seldomly present than in the other heart failure classes. The examination of guidelines-oriented pharmacotherapy for HFrEF patients showed equal sex-specific prescription frequencies, according to the NYHA Class indicated medication and medicament-combinations. Only within the NYHA-Class III, men were more frequently treated with beta-blockers. Furthermore, we found, with a few exceptions, a high intake percentage of stage dependent indicated medication, even in the national and international comparison. The intake rate of MRA was lower than expected, but relevant comorbidities leading to contraindications could not be recorded reliably enough to thoroughly measure the supply gap. The analysis of pharmacotherapy with HFmrEF and HFpEF patients displayed, despite still lacking science-based evidence of ideal pharmacotherapy of these patients, very equal intake rates of substance classes compared to HFrEF patients. Device-therapy was comparatively rare in the HF-Bavarias study patient group but more often found in male patients. The analysis of guideline based indications for ICD, CRT and CRT-ICDs, contrasted to implanted devices, produced indications of an undersupply of these device therapies. The evaluation of the HF-Bavaria study verified the anticipated heterogeneity and complexity of patients with chronic heart failure treated by resident cardiologists. This work demonstrated relevant differences in the profile, the development and therapy of male and female heart failure patients. Despite these differences, guideline therapy recommendations are primarily addressed to the heart failure class of the patients. Until now, therapy recommendations in guidelines existed primarily for patients with HFrEF (and LVEF < 40%). However, patients in our collective showed an LVEF ≥ 40% in 71% of cases. This means that for the majority of patients in our study, no evidence-based treatment algorithms existed, especially regarding the pharmacotherapy. In the future, research should try to cover these evidence gaps to enable personalized treatment. In conclusion, therapy of heart failure patients, according to guidelines in residential cardiology in Bavaria, has an advanced quality in the national and international context. As expected, possibilities for quality improvement were identified within this project. KW - Chronische Herzinsuffizienz KW - Niedergelassene Kardiologen KW - Bayern KW - Leitliniengerechte Therapie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303032 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bliziotis, Nikolaos G. A1 - Kluijtmans, Leo A. J. A1 - Soto, Sebastian A1 - Tinnevelt, Gerjen H. A1 - Langton, Katharina A1 - Robledo, Mercedes A1 - Pamporaki, Christina A1 - Engelke, Udo F. H. A1 - Erlic, Zoran A1 - Engel, Jasper A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Nölting, Svenja A1 - Prejbisz, Aleksander A1 - Richter, Susan A1 - Prehn, Cornelia A1 - Adamski, Jerzy A1 - Januszewicz, Andrzej A1 - Reincke, Martin A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Eisenhofer, Graeme A1 - Beuschlein, Felix A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Wevers, Ron A. A1 - Jansen, Jeroen J. A1 - Deinum, Jaap A1 - Timmers, Henri J. L. M. T1 - Pre- versus post-operative untargeted plasma nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma JF - Endocrine N2 - Purpose Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (PPGL) result in chronic catecholamine excess and serious health complications. A recent study obtained a metabolic signature in plasma from PPGL patients; however, its targeted nature may have generated an incomplete picture and a broader approach could provide additional insights. We aimed to characterize the plasma metabolome of PPGL patients before and after surgery, using an untargeted approach, and to broaden the scope of the investigated metabolic impact of these tumors. Design A cohort of 36 PPGL patients was investigated. Blood plasma samples were collected before and after surgical tumor removal, in association with clinical and tumor characteristics. Methods Plasma samples were analyzed using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy metabolomics. The data were evaluated using a combination of uni- and multi-variate statistical methods. Results Before surgery, patients with a nonadrenergic tumor could be distinguished from those with an adrenergic tumor based on their metabolic profiles. Tyrosine levels were significantly higher in patients with high compared to those with low BMI. Comparing subgroups of pre-operative samples with their post-operative counterparts, we found a metabolic signature that included ketone bodies, glucose, organic acids, methanol, dimethyl sulfone and amino acids. Three signals with unclear identities were found to be affected. Conclusions Our study suggests that the pathways of glucose and ketone body homeostasis are affected in PPGL patients. BMI-related metabolite levels were also found to be altered, potentially linking muscle atrophy to PPGL. At baseline, patient metabolomes could be discriminated based on their catecholamine phenotype. KW - PPGL KW - metabolomics KW - NMR KW - paired KW - plasma KW - operation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326574 VL - 75 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bliziotis, Nikolaos G. A1 - Kluijtmans, Leo A. J. A1 - Tinnevelt, Gerjen H. A1 - Reel, Parminder A1 - Reel, Smarti A1 - Langton, Katharina A1 - Robledo, Mercedes A1 - Pamporaki, Christina A1 - Pecori, Alessio A1 - Van Kralingen, Josie A1 - Tetti, Martina A1 - Engelke, Udo F. H. A1 - Erlic, Zoran A1 - Engel, Jasper A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Nölting, Svenja A1 - Prejbisz, Aleksander A1 - Richter, Susan A1 - Adamski, Jerzy A1 - Januszewicz, Andrzej A1 - Ceccato, Filippo A1 - Scaroni, Carla A1 - Dennedy, Michael C. A1 - Williams, Tracy A. A1 - Lenzini, Livia A1 - Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule A1 - Davies, Eleanor A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Remde, Hanna A1 - Eisenhofer, Graeme A1 - Beuschlein, Felix A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Jefferson, Emily A1 - Zennaro, Maria-Christina A1 - Wevers, Ron A. A1 - Jansen, Jeroen J. A1 - Deinum, Jaap A1 - Timmers, Henri J. L. M. T1 - Preanalytical pitfalls in untargeted plasma nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics of endocrine hypertension JF - Metabolites N2 - Despite considerable morbidity and mortality, numerous cases of endocrine hypertension (EHT) forms, including primary aldosteronism (PA), pheochromocytoma and functional paraganglioma (PPGL), and Cushing’s syndrome (CS), remain undetected. We aimed to establish signatures for the different forms of EHT, investigate potentially confounding effects and establish unbiased disease biomarkers. Plasma samples were obtained from 13 biobanks across seven countries and analyzed using untargeted NMR metabolomics. We compared unstratified samples of 106 PHT patients to 231 EHT patients, including 104 PA, 94 PPGL and 33 CS patients. Spectra were subjected to a multivariate statistical comparison of PHT to EHT forms and the associated signatures were obtained. Three approaches were applied to investigate and correct confounding effects. Though we found signatures that could separate PHT from EHT forms, there were also key similarities with the signatures of sample center of origin and sample age. The study design restricted the applicability of the corrections employed. With the samples that were available, no biomarkers for PHT vs. EHT could be identified. The complexity of the confounding effects, evidenced by their robustness to correction approaches, highlighted the need for a consensus on how to deal with variabilities probably attributed to preanalytical factors in retrospective, multicenter metabolomics studies. KW - confounders KW - metabolomics KW - multicenter KW - plasma NMR KW - preanalytical conditions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282930 SN - 2218-1989 VL - 12 IS - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Blocka, Joanna T1 - Molecular mechanisms underlying Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome: characterization of DCAF17 with specific, polyclonal antibodies T1 - Molekulare Grundlagen des Woodhouse-Sakati Syndroms: Charakterisierung des DCAF 17 mit spezifischen, polyklonalen Antikörpern N2 - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS) is a rare multisystemic, autosomal recessive disease. The underlying cause of WSS are mutations of C2orf37 gene, which result in a truncated protein. Little is known about the function of C2orf37 (DDB1-CUL4A-associated factor 17, DCAF17) apart from it being part of the DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, specifically binding directly to DDB1 and serving as a substrate recruiter for E3. There are two major isoforms of DCAF17: beta (65 kDa, 520 amino acids) and alpha (27 kDa, 240 amino acids), which is a C-terminal part of beta. The intracellular localization of the WSS protein is thought to be primarily the nucleolus. A murine ortholog protein was found to be expressed in all tissues with a relatively higher expression in the brain, liver, and skin.The aim of this work was to investigate DCAF17 in HeLa cells in more detail, in particular the redistribution of both WSS isoforms on the subcellular and -nuclear level as well as their chemical features. For these experiments, I developed, through recombinant expression and affinity purification, a specific polyclonal antibody against a WSS-epitope 493-520. Furthermore, three other specific polyclonal antibodies were obtained through affinity purification with help of commercially produced high-affinity epitope peptides.By means of these antibodies, I determined- through immunofluorescence and subcellular protein fractionation- that, apart from the redistribution of the WSS protein within the non-soluble = chromatin-bound nuclear fraction, a significant amount of both WSS isoforms is present in the soluble nuclear fraction. Indeed, treatment of purified nuclear envelopes with an increasing concentration of NaCl as well as urea confirmed a non-covalent binding of the WSS protein to the nuclear envelope with the detachment ofbeta-WSS at a lower NaCl concentration than alpha-WSS. In regard to the chromatin-bound WSS protein, I performed hydrolysis of nuclear and nucleolar extract with DNase and RNase. The results indicate that the WSS protein is bound to DNA but not RNA, with alpha-WSS being possibly located more abundantly in the nucleolus, whereas beta-WSS within other subnuclear departments. Furthermore, in all the above-mentioned experiments, a presence of an 80-kDa protein, which specifically reacted with the polyclonal high-affinity antibodies and showed similar redistribution and chemical features as alpha- and beta-WSS, was observed. In order to investigate whether this protein is a posttranslationally modified WSS isoform, I performed deglycosylation and dephosphorylation of nuclear extract, which showed no disappearance or change in abundance of the 80-kDa band on Western blot. While other ways of poststranslational modification cannot be excluded as the cause of occurrence of the 80-kDa protein, an existence of a third, yet undescribed, major isoform is also conceivable. Summarizing, this work contributed to a deeper characterization of the WSS protein, which can help future investigators in developing new experimental ideas to better understand the pathology of WSS. N2 - Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrom (WSS) ist eine seltene, autosomal rezessive Multisystemerkrankung, deren Ursache Mutationen im C2orf37 Gen, resultierend in einem trunkierten Protein, sind. Die Funktion des C2orf37 (DDB1-CUL4A-associated factor 17, DCAF 17) ist weitgehend unbekannt. Das Protein ist Teil des DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 E3-Ubiquitin-Ligase-Komplexes, wo es direkt an DDB1 bindet und Substrate für E3 rekrutiert. Zwei Isoformen des DCAF17: beta (65 kDa, 520 Aminosäuren) und alpha (27 kDa, 240 Aminosäuren), die ein C-terminaler Teil der beta-Isoform ist, sind heutzutage bekannt. Man geht von einer primär nukleolären Lokalisation des WSS-Proteins in den Zellen aus. Untersuchungen des murinen C2orf37-Ortholog-Proteins ergaben eine Expression in allen Zellen mit einer erhöhten Expression im Gehirn, in der Leber und in der Haut. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, DCAF17 in HeLa-Zellen zu untersuchen, insbesondere die Lokalisation beider WSS-Isoformen auf dem subzellulären und -nukleären Niveau sowie deren chemische Eigenschaften. Durch rekombinante Expression und Affinitätsreinigung entwickelte ich spezifische polyklonale Antikörper gegen das WSS-Epitop 493-530. Zudem reinigte ich drei weitere spezifische polyklonale Antikörper mithilfe kommerziell produzierter hochaffiner Epitop-Peptide auf. Mithilfe dieser Antikörper konnte ich- durch Immunfluoreszenz und subzelluläre Proteinfraktionierug- eine Lokalisation des WSS-Proteins in der löslichen Kernfraktion, zusätzlich zu der bereits bekannten chromatingebundenen Kernfraktion, nachweisen. Die Behandlung reiner Kernhüllen mit steigernden NaCl-Konzentrationen und Harnstoff zeigte eine nicht-kovalente Bindung des DCAF17 an die Kernhülle mit einer Ablösung der beta-Isoform von der Kernhülle bereits bei niedrigeren NaCl-Konzentrationen als im Falle der alpha-Isoform. Um das chromatingebundene DCAF17 genauer zu untersuchen, führte ich eine Hydrolyse des Ganzkern- und Nukleolusextraktes mit DNase und RNase durch. Diese ergab eine Bindung des WSS-Proteins an die DNA, jedoch nicht an die RNA, mit der möglichen Hauptlokalisation der alpha-Isoform im Nukleolus und der beta-Isoform in anderen subnukleären Kompartimenten. Des Weiteren wurde in den oben beschriebenen Experimenten ein 80-kDa Protein nachgewiesen, das eine spezifische Reaktion mit den polyklonalen hochaffinen Antikörpern sowie eine dem WSS-Protein ähnliche subzelluläre / -nukleäre Lokalisation und chemische Eigenschaften zeigte. Um zu untersuchen, ob es sich um ein posttranslational modifiziertes DCAF17 handelt, führte ich Deglycosylierung und Dephosphorylierung des Ganzkernextraktes durch. Diese zeigten weder ein Verschwinden noch eine Änderung des 80-kDa-Signals auf Immunoblots. Obwohl eine andere Art einer posttranslationalen Proteinmodifizierung ist nicht ausgeschlossen, entspricht dieses Protein möglicherweise einer dritten, bisher nicht beschriebenen, Hauptisoform des DCAF17. Zusammenfassend trug diese Arbeit zur genaueren Charakterisierung des WSS-Proteins bei. Dies kann zukünftigen Forschern helfen, die Pathologie des WSS besser zu verstehen. KW - Humangenetik KW - Molekulargenetik KW - Grundlagenforschung KW - Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrom KW - Woodhouse-Sakati sydrome KW - DCAF17 KW - Humangenetik KW - genetics KW - autosomal recessive Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-174766 ER - TY - THES A1 - Blohm, Elisabeth T1 - Lebensqualität bei Fabry-Patienten: Erhebung mit dem SF-36 Fragebogen T1 - Quality of Life in patients with Fabry's disease: Investigation with the SF-36 questionnaire N2 - Lebensqualität bei Fabry-Patienten: Erhebung mit dem SF-36®Fragebogen Elisabeth Blohm Hintergrund: Der Morbus Fabry ist eine X-chromosomal vererbte, lysosomale Speichererkrankung bedingt durch den Mangel an dem Enzym α-Galaktosidase A. Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Fabry-Patienten ist im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung oder Patienten anderer chronischer Erkrankungen sowohl bei physischen als auch psychischen Aspekten reduziert. Es ist bekannt, dass für den Morbus Fabry typische Symptome, wie Schmerzen oder Dysfunktionen lebenswichtiger Organe, wie Herz- und Niereninsuffizienz, sowie frühzeitige Schlaganfälle zu einer signifikant verringerten gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität beitragen. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, mit Hilfe des SF-36-Fragebogens die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität einer großen Kohorte von Fabry-Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der ersten Vorstellung in einem spezialisierten Fabry Zentrum zu ermitteln. Gleichzeitig sollten begleitende Faktoren identifiziert werden, die mit den verschiedenen Dimensionen der psychischen und physischen Funktionsfähigkeit assoziiert sind. Dabei legten wir einen Schwerpunkt auf die Nierenfunktion. Methoden: Es wurden 99 Patienten mit Morbus Fabry eingeschlossen. Wir untersuchten die Daten des ersten Besuchs in unserem Fabry-Zentrum. Die Patientencharakteristika der Studienteilnehmer und die verschiedenen Skalen der HRQoL wurden über die CKD-Stadien unter Verwendung von ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis-Test, χ²-Test und Fisher’s-exact-Test verglichen. Die mit den verschiedenen Dimensionen der HRQoL assoziierten Faktoren wurden mittels einer linearen Regressionsanalyse untersucht. Im multivariaten Modell wurden die folgenden Variablen in das Modell aufgenommen: Alter, Geschlecht, Nierenfunktion, Schmerzen, Schmerztherapie und vaskuläres Ereignis. Ergebnisse: Die meisten Patienten, besonders die meisten Frauen, hatten eine erhaltene Nierenfunktion, wohingegen Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit männlich waren. Alle Patienten, die einer RRT erhielten, waren männlich; zwei von ihnen erhielten eine Nierentransplantation, sieben waren unter Dialyse. Eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion, besonders die Notwendigkeit einer RRT war über allen Skalen mit einer deutlichen Reduktion der HRQoL assoziiert. Desweiteren waren männliches Geschlecht, Schmerzen und Schmerztheapie signifikant und deutlich mit niedrigeren Werten in den SF-36-Skalen assoziiert. Im multivariaten Modell stellten sich eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion und Schmerzen als die Hauptfaktoren für reduzierte Werte in den physikalischen Kategorien heraus (körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit, körperliche Rollenfunktion, körperliche Schmerzen, allgemeine Gesundheitswahrnehmung und körperlicher Summenwert). Im Gegensatz dazu stellte sich heraus, dass die Notwendigkeit einer RRT mit reduzierter HRQoL in den psychischen und sozialen Kategorien assoziiert war. Schlussfolgerung: In dieser großen Kohorte von Fabry-Patienten aus einem Zentrum war die chronische Nierenerkrankung, besonders die Notwendigkeit einer RRT, ein entscheidender Faktor mir eine reduzierte HRQoL in physischen und psychisch/sozialen Aspekten des Lebens. Außerdem hatten Schmerzen eine unabhängige Beziehung mit niedrigeren Werten der physischen Skalen. Neben der Enzymersatztherapie könnten eine optimale Behandlung der Nierenerkrankung, sowie eine effektive Schmerztherapie helfen, die HRQoL von Fabry-Patienten zu verbessern. N2 - Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Fabry Disease: Investigation with the SF-36® questionnaire Elisabeth Blohm Background Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Fabry disease is reduced when compared to the healthy population and to other chronic diseases in physical as well as mental aspects of well-being. Fabry specific symptoms such as pain, vital organ dysfunction including heart and renal failure or premature strokes are known to contribute significantly to impaired HRQoL Aims The purpose of the current study was to characterize HRQoL as assessed by the SF-36® questionnaire in a large cohort of patients with Fabry disease of a single center. We aimed to identify factors associated with the various dimensions of physical and mental functioning, with a focus on kidney function. Methods 99 patients with Fabry disease were enrolled. We analyzed data from the first visit at our center. Characteristics of study participants and the different scales of HRQoL were compared across CKD stages (eGFR >60 ml/min vs. eGFR <60 ml/min vs. renal replacement therapy) using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, χ²- test, and Fisher’s exact test. Factors associated with the various dimensions of HRQoL were examined using linear regression analysis. In multivariate analyses, the following variables were included in the model: age, gender, kidney function, pain, pain-therapy, and vascular event. Results Most of the patients, in particular most women, had preserved kidney function, whereas patients with impaired kidney function were more likely to be male. All patients receiving RRT were of male gender, of which two underwent kidney transplantation and seven received dialysis. Impaired kidney function, particularly the need of RRT, was associated with markedly reduced HRQoL across all scales. Furthermore, male gender, pain and pain-therapy were significantly and meaningfully associated with lower scores on the SF-36 scales. In multivariate modeling, impaired kidney function and pain emerged as the main factors associated with lower scores in physical aspects of life (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, PCS). In contrast, only the need for RRT was found to be associated with reduced HRQoL in mental/social parameter dimensions. Conclusion In this large cohort of Fabry patients recruited in a single center, chronic kidney disease, particularly the need of RRT, was a crucial factor for reduced HRQoL in physical and mental/social aspects of life. Furthermore, pain was independently related to lower scores on physical scales. Aside from enzyme replacement therapy, optimal treatment of kidney disease and an effective pain therapy may help to improve HRQoL in Fabry patients. KW - Lebensqualitaet KW - SF-36 Health survey KW - Morbus Fabry KW - Fabry's disease KW - SF-36 questionnaire Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71483 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blömer, Nadja A1 - Pachel, Christina A1 - Hofmann, Urlich A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang A1 - Mathes, Denise A1 - Frey, Anna A1 - Bayer, Barbara A1 - Vogel, Benjamin A1 - Ertl, Georg T1 - 5-Lipoxygenase facilitates healing after myocardial infarction JF - Basic Research in Cardiology N2 - Early healing after myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by a strong inflammatory reaction. Most leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory and are therefore potential mediators of healing and remodeling after myocardial ischemia. The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) has a key role in the transformation of arachidonic acid in leukotrienes. Thus, we tested the effect of 5-LOX on healing after MI. After chronic coronary artery ligation, early mortality was significantly increased in 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) when compared to matching wildtype (WT) mice due to left ventricular rupture. This effect could be reproduced in mice treated with the 5-LOX inhibitor Zileuton. A perfusion mismatch due to the vasoactive potential of leukotrienes is not responsible for left ventricular rupture since local blood flow assessed by magnetic resonance perfusion measurements was not different. However, after MI, there was an accentuation of the inflammatory reaction with an increase of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Yet, mortality was not changed in chimeric mice (WT vs. 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) bone marrow in 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) animals), indicating that an altered function of 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) inflammatory cells is not responsible for the phenotype. Collagen production and accumulation of fibroblasts were significantly reduced in 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) mice in vivo after MI. This might be due to an impaired migration of 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) fibroblasts, as shown in vitro to serum. In conclusion, a lack or inhibition of 5-LOX increases mortality after MI because of healing defects. This is not mediated by a change in local blood flow, but through an altered inflammation and/or fibroblast function. KW - lipoxygenase KW - myocardial infarction KW - extracellular matrix remodeling KW - inflammation Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132602 VL - 108 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blümel, Rabea A1 - Zink, Miriam A1 - Klopocki, Eva A1 - Liedtke, Daniel T1 - On the traces of tcf12: Investigation of the gene expression pattern during development and cranial suture patterning in zebrafish (Danio rerio) JF - PLoS ONE N2 - The transcription factor 12 (tcf12) is a basic Helix-Loop-Helix protein (bHLH) of the E-protein family, proven to play an important role in developmental processes like neurogenesis, mesoderm formation, and cranial vault development. In humans, mutations in TCF12 lead to craniosynostosis, a congenital birth disorder characterized by the premature fusion of one or several of the cranial sutures. Current research has been primarily focused on functional studies of TCF12, hence the cellular expression profile of this gene during embryonic development and early stages of ossification remains poorly understood. Here we present the establishment and detailed analysis of two transgenic tcf12:EGFP fluorescent zebrafish (Danio rerio) reporter lines. Using these transgenic lines, we analyzed the general spatiotemporal expression pattern of tcf12 during different developmental stages and put emphasis on skeletal development and cranial suture patterning. We identified robust tcf12 promoter-driven EGFP expression in the central nervous system (CNS), the heart, the pronephros, and the somites of zebrafish embryos. Additionally, expression was observed inside the muscles and bones of the viscerocranium in juvenile and adult fish. During cranial vault development, the transgenic fish show a high amount of tcf12 expressing cells at the growth fronts of the ossifying frontal and parietal bones and inside the emerging cranial sutures. Subsequently, we tested the transcriptional activity of three evolutionary conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) located in the tcf12 locus by transient transgenic assays and compared their in vivo activity to the expression pattern determined in the transgenic tcf12:EGFP lines. We could validate two of them as tcf12 enhancer elements driving specific gene expression in the CNS during embryogenesis. Our newly established transgenic lines enhance the understanding of tcf12 gene regulation and open up the possibilities for further functional investigation of these novel tcf12 enhancer elements in zebrafish. KW - Zebrafish KW - Neurons KW - Skull KW - Enhancer elements KW - Hindbrain KW - Cranial sutures KW - Embryos KW - Somites Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201428 VL - 14 IS - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Blümm, Annabelle T1 - Die klinische Wertigkeit von "High-Molecular-Weight" Adiponektin bei der Koronaren Herzkrankheit - Untersuchungen zur Rolle eines neuen kardiovaskulären Risikoprädiktors und dessen pharmakologischer Beeinflussung durch Atorvastatin T1 - Clinical value of high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in coronary artery disease N2 - Adiponektin, ein Hormon des Fettgewebes, besitzt antiatherosklerotische Effekte und niedrige zirkulierende Adiponektin-Spiegel sind mit Koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK) assoziiert. Der High-molecular weight (HMW)-Adiponektin Komplex wird als die bioaktive Komponente von Adiponektin vermutet. Frage dieser Studie war, ob HMW-Adiponektin mit dem Ausmaß einer KHK korreliert und ob HMW eher als Prädiktor für das Ausmaß einer KHK verwendet werden kann als Gesamtadiponektin. Eine weitere Studie zielte auf die mögliche therapeutische Beeinflussung der multimeren Zusammensetzung von Adiponektin mittels Atorvastatin. N2 - Adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties and low circulating adiponectin has been linked to coronary atherosclerosis. There is considerable evidence that the high-molecular weight (HMW) complex of adiponectin is the major active form of this adipokine. We therefore investigated whether HMW adiponectin is associated with the extent of coronary disease (CAD) in men. In another study potential influences of atorvastatin therapy on adiponectin multimer distribution were studied in patient with type 2 diabetes. KW - Koronare Herzkrankheit KW - Atorvastatin KW - Hormon KW - Adiponektin KW - HMW-Adiponektin KW - Typ 2-Diabetes KW - coronary artery disease KW - diabetes KW - adiponectin KW - high molecular weight adiponectin Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48143 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bobinger, Tobias T1 - Einfluss von Monozyten auf Heilungsvorgänge und kardiale Thromboembolien nach einem Myokardinfarkt T1 - Role of monocytes in wound healing and thromboembolism after myocardial infarction N2 - Beim Myokardinfarkt führt die Unterbrechung der Blutversorgung zur Nekrose von Myozyten. Hierauf werden im Rahmen der Entzündungsreaktion verschiedene Reaktionen angestoßen, die dazu dienen sollen, die Integrität und Funktion des Herzens zu erhalten. Einen wichtigen Anteil an der Inflammationsreaktion haben die Monozyten, deren Funktion in diesem Rahmen bis jetzt nur wenig erforscht ist. In dieser Studie wurde die Rolle von Monozyten auf die Heilungsvorgänge nach einem Infarkt untersucht. Durch die Gabe von Clodronat-Liposom wurden in der Behandlungsgruppe die Monozyten ausgeschaltet. Es zeigte sich, dass die Mortalität in der Behandlungsgruppe aufgrund der Bildung eines linksventrikulären Thrombus deutlich erhöht ist. Dieser war bereits innerhalb der ersten 24h in den echokardiographischen Untersuchungen sichtbar. Veränderungen im Gerinnungssystem konnten als Ursache ausgeschlossen werden. Durch eine CD-31-Färbung wurde deutlich, dass in den infarzierten Herzen der Behandlungsgruppe ein Defekt im Endokard entstanden war, der als Ursache für die Entstehung der Thromben gewertet werden kann. Zudem wurde in der Behandlungsgruppe neben einem verschlechterten Abräumvorgang eine signifikant erniedrigte Kollagen-1-Produktion, ein erhöhtes MMP-9, ein leicht erniedrigtes TGF sowie erhöhtes VEGF gemessen. In dieser Studie wurde somit gezeigt, dass Monozyten ein essentieller Bestandteil der Heilungsvorgänge nach einem Infarkt sind. Durch eine eingeschränkte Monozytenfunktion wird zudem aufgrund von Defekten im Endothel die Bildung eines linksventrikulären Thrombus und folgender thromboembolischer Ereignisse begünstigt. N2 - Myocardial infarction leads to necrosis of cardiac myocytes. To obtain tissue integrity and function inflammatory cells are activated. The role of monocytes after myocardial infarction is poorly defined. We examined the role of monocytes after experimental myocardial infarction by monocyte depletion through injections of clodronate-containing liposomes. Thus, monocyte infiltration was reduced in the myocardium of the mice in the treatment group. Mortality was increased due to thromboembolic events in the treatment group. Left ventricular thrombi were seen as early as 24 hours after myocardial infarction. CD31-Staining showed endocardial defects before the onset of thrombus formation and in older thrombi. Changes in the blood coagulation or an increased infarct expansion were not observed. In summary, early healing defects are most likely caused by the monocyte depletion. Depletion of the monocytes also led to less clearance of cell debris, increased matrixmetalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor, less collagen-1 production and an unchanged tumor-growth-factor. Impaired monocyte function seems to be a major factor for the development of a left ventricular thrombus after myocardial infarction. KW - Monozyt KW - Monozyten-Makrophagen-System KW - Clodronsäure KW - Herzinfarkt KW - Embolie KW - Monocytes KW - myocardial infarction KW - clodronat-liposome KW - thromboembolism Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72195 ER - TY - THES A1 - Boldt, Kristina T1 - Vergleichende Untersuchung der prognostischen Relevanz von BNP, NT-proBNP, hsCRP und TNF-ɑ bei Patienten mit klinisch-anamnestischem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer Herzinsuffizienz in der Hausarztpraxis- : Follow-up-Untersuchung zur Grundstudie zur Objektivierung der kardiovaskulären Dysfunktion im ambulanten und hausärztlichen Bereich mittels handgehaltener Echokardiographie und dem BNP-Schnelltest (Handheld-BNP-Studie) T1 - Prognostic utility of BNP, NT-proBNP, hsCRP and TNF-ɑ in the assessment of patients with suspected heart failure in primary care: The Handheld-BNP-Study N2 - Herzinsuffizienz ist eine sehr häufige Erkrankung vor allem des höheren Lebensalters. Biomarker wie NT-proBNP, BNP, hsCRP haben neben ihrer Bedeutung für die Diagnose einer akuten Herzinsuffizienz einen großen Stellenwert in der Abschätzung der Prognose eines Patienten. Die prognostische Relevanz dieser Marker konnte auch bei nicht herzinsuffizienten, anderweitig kranken Patienten gezeigt werden. Unklar und wenig erforscht ist die Aussagekraft von Biomarkern in einem Kollektiv nicht akut dekompensierter Patienten, welche sich ambulant bei ihrem Hausarzt vorstellen. Die Handheld-BNP-Studie untersuchte im primärärztlichen Bereich das diagnostische Potential von BNP und der miniaturisierten Echokardiographie. Die vorliegende Follow-up-Studie untersucht die prognostische Relevanz von BNP sowie vergleichend den prognostischen Wert von NT-proBNP und der Kardiologendiagnose. Auch die prognostische Aussagekraft der inflammatorischen Marker hsCRP und TNF-ɑ, ebenso wie die Frage, ob durch eine Kombination der Marker die prognostische Abschätzung weiter gesteigerter werden kann, ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Zuletzt wurde eine multivariate Regressionsanalyse durchgeführt, um den unabhängigen prognostischen Wert der Biomarker zu untersuchen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei diagnostisch naiven Patienten mit dem klinisch-anamnestischen Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer Herzinsuffizienz das kardiale wie auch das nicht-kardiale Mortalitätsrisiko sowie die Rate an Hospitalisierungen gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung gleichen Alters erhöht sind, unabhängig vom Vorliegen einer Herzinsuffizienz. Eine Bestimmung der Biomarker BNP, NT-proBNP, hsCRP und TNF-ɑ erwies sich in diesem Kollektiv als hilfreich, diejenigen mit erhöhtem Risiko zu erkennen. N2 - Heart failure is a very common disease especially among old people. In addition to their importance for the diagnosis of acute heart failure, biomarkers such as NT-proBNP, BNP, hsCRP and TNF-ɑ play a major role in the assessment of patients prognosis. The prognostic relevance of these markers could even be demonstrated on ill patients with a diagnosis other than heart failure. The significance of biomarkers in a group of not acutely decompensated patients, who consult their general practitioner, is unclear and little explored. The Handheld-BNP-study examined the diagnostic potential of BNP an the miniaturized echokardiography in a primary care setting. The follow-up-study at hand investigates the prognostic relevance of BNP and compares the prognostic value of NT-proBNP and the cardiologist diagnosis. The prognostic value of the inflammatory markers hsCRP and TNF-ɑ, as well as the question of wether the prognostic assessment can further be enhanced by a combination af these markers, are subject of this thesis. At last, a multivariate regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent prognostic value of biomarkers. The thesis shows that the cardiac and non-cardiac mortality risk and the hospitalization rate in diagnostically naive patients with diffuse symptoms who are potentially indicative of heart failure is high, compared to other people of similar age, irrespective of the presence of heart failure. A determination of the biomarkers BNP, NT-proBNP, hsCRP and TNF-ɑ in this cohort proved to be helpful to identify those at increased risk. KW - BNP KW - NT-proBNP KW - Herzinsuffizienz KW - Prognose KW - Hausarzt KW - BNP KW - NT-proBNP KW - Herzinsuffizienz KW - Hausarzt KW - Prognose KW - BNP KW - NT-proBNP KW - heart failure KW - primary care KW - prognosis Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65088 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bornstein, Stefan R. A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Arlt, Wiebke A1 - Barthel, Andreas A1 - Don-Wauchope, Andrew A1 - Hammer, Gary D. A1 - Husebye, Eystein S. A1 - Merke, Deborah P. A1 - Murad, M. Hassan A1 - Stratakis, Constantine A. A1 - Torpy, David J. T1 - Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism N2 - Objective: This clinical practice guideline addresses the diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency. Participants: The Task Force included a chair, selected by The Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee of the Endocrine Society, eight additional clinicians experienced with the disease, a methodologist, and a medical writer. The co-sponsoring associations (European Society of Endocrinology and the American Association for Clinical Chemistry) had participating members. The Task Force received no corporate funding or remuneration in connection with this review. Evidence: This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to determine the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Consensus Process: The evidence used to formulate recommendations was derived from two commissioned systematic reviews as well as other published systematic reviews and studies identified by the Task Force. The guideline was reviewed and approved sequentially by the Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee and Clinical Affairs Core Committee, members responding to a web posting, and the Endocrine Society Council. At each stage, the Task Force incorporated changes in response to written comments. Conclusions: We recommend diagnostic tests for the exclusion of primary adrenal insufficiency in all patients with indicative clinical symptoms or signs. In particular, we suggest a low diagnostic (and therapeutic) threshold in acutely ill patients, as well as in patients with predisposing factors. This is also recommended for pregnant women with unexplained persistent nausea, fatigue, and hypotension. We recommend a short corticotropin test (250 mu g) as the "gold standard" diagnostic tool to establish the diagnosis. If a short corticotropin test is not possible in the first instance, we recommend an initial screening procedure comprising the measurement of morning plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. Diagnosis of the underlying cause should include a validated assay of autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase. In autoantibody-negative individuals, other causes should be sought. We recommend once-daily fludrocortisone (median, 0.1 mg) and hydrocortisone (15-25 mg/d) or cortisone acetate replacement (20-35 mg/d) applied in two to three daily doses in adults. In children, hydrocortisone (similar to 8 mg/m\(^2\)/d) is recommended. Patients should be educated about stress dosing and equipped with a steroid card and glucocorticoid preparation for parenteral emergency administration. Follow-up should aim at monitoring appropriate dosing of corticosteroids and associated autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease. KW - glucocorticoid replacement therapy KW - Addison's disease KW - short Synacthen test KW - insulin tolerance test Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190893 VL - 101 IS - 2 ER -