TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Celik, Mehmet
A1  - Claes, Christina
A1  - Ewing, William
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Lubitz, Katharina
A1  - Schneider, Christoph
T1  - Neutral Diboron Analogues of Archetypal Aromatic Species by Spontaneous Cycloaddition
JF  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - Among the numerous routes organic chemists have developed to synthesize benzene derivatives and heteroaro- matic compounds, transition-metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions are the most elegant. In contrast, cycloaddition reactions of heavier alkene and alkyne analogues, though limited in scope, proceed uncatalyzed. In this work we present the first spontaneous cycloaddition reactions of lighter alkene and alkyne analogues. Selective addition of unactivated alkynes to boron–boron multiple bonds under ambient con- ditions yielded diborocarbon equivalents of simple aromatic hydrocarbons, including the first neutral 6 π-aromatic dibora- benzene compound, a 2  π-aromatic triplet biradical 1,3-dibor- ete, and a phosphine-stabilized 2  π-homoaromatic 1,3-dihydro- 1,3-diborete. DFT calculations suggest that all three com- pounds are aromatic and show frontier molecular orbitals matching those of the related aromatic hydrocarbons, C\(_6\)H\(_6\) and C\(_4\)H\(_4\)\(^{2+}\), and homoaromatic C\(_4\)H\(_5\)\(^+\).
KW  - Aromaticity
KW  - Biradicals
KW  - Boron
KW  - Cycloaddition
KW  - Multiple bonds
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138226
N1  - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 11271–11275, which has been published in final form at 10.1002/anie.201602384. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
VL  - 55
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
A1  - Bissinger, Philipp
A1  - Griesbeck, Stefanie
A1  - Ullrich, Stefan
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Auth, Michael
A1  - Sperlich, Andreas
A1  - Stolte, Matthias
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Yao, Chang-Jiang
A1  - Würthner, Frank
A1  - Steffen, Andreas
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Near-Infrared Quadrupolar Chromophores Combining Three-Coordinate Boron-Based Superdonor and Superacceptor Units
T2  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - In this work, two new quadrupolar A-π-D-π-A chromophores have been prepared featuring a strongly electron- donating diborene core and strongly electron-accepting dimesitylboryl F(BMes2) and bis(2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boryl (BMes2) end groups. Analysis of the compounds by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis-NIR absorption and emission spectroscopy indicated that the compounds possess extended conjugated π-systems spanning their B4C8 cores. The combination of exceptionally potent π-donor (diborene) and π- acceptor (diarylboryl) groups, both based on trigonal boron, leads to very small HOMO-LUMO gaps, resulting in strong absorption in the near-IR region with maxima in THF at 840 and 1092 nm, respectively, and very high extinction coefficients of ca. 120,000 M-1cm-1. Both molecules also display weak near-IR fluorescence with small Stokes shifts.
KW  - boron
KW  - near-IR chromophores
KW  - conjugation
KW  - low-valent compounds
KW  - synthesis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180391
N1  - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: T. E. Stennett, P. Bissinger, S. Griesbeck, S. Ullrich, I. Krummenacher, M. Auth, A. Sperlich, M. Stolte, K. Radacki, C.-J. Yao, F. Wuerthner, A. Steffen, T. B. Marder, H. Braunschweig, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6449. , which has been published in final form at  https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201900889. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Jiang
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Sieh, Daniel
A1  - Ribbeck, Tatjana
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Marder, Todd  B.
T1  - N-Heterocyclic Olefins as Electron Donors in Combination with Triarylborane Acceptors: Synthesis, Optical and Electronic Properties of D-π-A Compounds
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), relatives of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), exhibit high nucleophilicity and soft Lewis basic character. To investigate their π‐electron donating ability, NHOs were attached to triarylborane π‐acceptors (A) giving donor (D)–π–A compounds 1–3. In addition, an enamine π‐donor analogue (4) was synthesized for comparison. UV–visible absorption studies show a larger red shift for the NHO‐containing boranes than for the enamine analogue, a relative of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes (CAACs). Solvent‐dependent emission studies indicate that 1–4 have moderate intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) behavior. Electrochemical investigations reveal that the NHO‐containing boranes have extremely low reversible oxidation potentials (e.g., for 3, \(E^{ox}_{1/2}\) =−0.40 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium, Fc/Fc\(^+\), in THF). Time‐dependent (TD) DFT calculations show that the HOMOs of 1–3 are much more destabilized than that of the enamine‐containing 4, which confirms the stronger donating ability of NHOs.
KW  - donor-acceptor systems
KW  - electrochemistry
KW  - photophysical prosperties
KW  - N-heterocyclic olefins
KW  - triarylboranes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204690
VL  - 25
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Horrer, Günther
A1  - Krahfuß, Mirjam J.
A1  - Lubitz, Katharina
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Radius, Udo
T1  - N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Complexes of Titanium(IV) and Titanium(III)
JF  - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
N2  - The reaction of one and two equivalents of the N ‐heterocyclic carbene IMes [IMes = 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene] or the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cAAC\(^{Me}\) [cAAC\(^{Me}\) = 1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl‐phenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetra‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐ylidene] with [TiCl\(_{4}\)] in n ‐hexane results in the formation of mono‐ and bis‐carbene complexes [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)] 1 , [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)2] 2 , [TiCl\(_{4}\)(cAAC\(^{Me}\))] 3 , and [TiCl\(_{4}\)(cAAC\(^{Me}\))\(_{2}\)] 4 , respectively. For comparison, the titanium(IV) NHC complex [TiCl\(_{4}\)(Ii Pr\(^{Me}\))] 5 (Ii Pr\(^{Me}\) = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)] 1 with PMe\(_{3}\) affords the mixed substituted complex [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)(PMe\(_{3}\))] 6 . The reactions of [TiCl\(_{3}\)(THF)\(_{3}\)] with two equivalents of the carbenes IMes and cAAC\(^{Me}\) in n ‐hexane lead to the clean formation of the titanium(III) complexes [TiCl\(_{3}\)(IMes)\(_{2}\)] 7 and [TiCl\(_{3}\)(cAAC\(^{Me}\))\(_{2}\)] 8 . Compounds 1 –8 have been completely characterized by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and for 2 –5 , 7 and 8 by X‐ray diffraction. Magnetometry in solution, EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations performed on 7 and 8 are indicative of a predominantly metal‐centered d\(^{1}\)‐radical in both cases.
KW  - N-heterocyclic carbenes
KW  - carbene ligands
KW  - Titanium
KW  - structure elucidation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208725
VL  - 2020
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mukhopadhyay, Deb Pratim
A1  - Schleier, Domenik
A1  - Wirsing, Sara
A1  - Ramler, Jaqueline
A1  - Kaiser, Dustin
A1  - Reusch, Engelbert
A1  - Hemberger, Patrick
A1  - Preitschopf, Tobias
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Fischer, Ingo
A1  - Lichtenberg, Crispin
T1  - Methylbismuth: an organometallic bismuthinidene biradical
JF  - Chemical Science
N2  - We report the generation, spectroscopic characterization, and computational analysis of the first free (non-stabilized) organometallic bismuthinidene, BiMe. The title compound was generated in situ from BiMe\(_3\) by controlled homolytic Bi–C bond cleavage in the gas phase. Its electronic structure was characterized by a combination of photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT as well as multi-reference computations. A triplet ground state was identified and an ionization energy (IE) of 7.88 eV was experimentally determined. Methyl abstraction from BiMe\(_3\) to give [BiMe(_2\)]• is a key step in the generation of BiMe. We reaveal a bond dissociation energy of 210 ± 7 kJ mol\(^{−1}\), which is substantially higher than the previously accepted value. Nevertheless, the homolytic cleavage of Me–BiMe\(_2\) bonds could be achieved at moderate temperatures (60–120 °C) in the condensed phase, suggesting that [BiMe\(_2\)]• and BiMe are accessible as reactive intermediates under these conditions.
KW  - methylbismuth
KW  - Photoelektronenspektroskopie
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-251657
UR  - https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/SC/D0SC02410D
VL  - 11
IS  - 29
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kole, Goutam Kumar
A1  - Košćak, Marta
A1  - Amar, Anissa
A1  - Majhen, Dragomira
A1  - Božinović, Ksenija
A1  - Brkljaca, Zlatko
A1  - Ferger, Matthias
A1  - Michail, Evripidis
A1  - Lorenzen, Sabine
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Moos, Michael
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Boucekkine, Abdou
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Halet, Jean‐François
A1  - Piantanida, Ivo
A1  - Müller‐Buschbaum, Klaus
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Methyl Viologens of Bis‐(4’‐Pyridylethynyl)Arenes – Structures, Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies, and their Potential Application in Biology
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - A series of bis‐(4’‐pyridylethynyl)arenes (arene=benzene, tetrafluorobenzene, and anthracene) were synthesized and their bis‐N‐methylpyridinium compounds were investigated as a class of π‐extended methyl viologens. Their structures were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties (cyclic voltammetry), as well as their interactions with DNA/RNA were investigated. The dications showed bathochromic shifts in emission compared to the neutral compounds. The neutral compounds showed very small Stokes shifts, which are a little larger for the dications. All of the compounds showed very short fluorescence lifetimes (<4 ns). The neutral compound with an anthracene core has a quantum yield of almost unity. With stronger acceptors, the analogous bis‐N‐methylpyridinium compound showed a larger two‐photon absorption cross‐section than its neutral precursor. All of the dicationic compounds interact with DNA/RNA; while the compounds with benzene and tetrafluorobenzene cores bind in the grooves, the one with an anthracene core intercalates as a consequence of its large, condensed aromatic linker moiety, and it aggregates within the polynucleotide when in excess over DNA/RNA. Moreover, all cationic compounds showed highly specific CD spectra upon binding to ds‐DNA/RNA, attributed to the rare case of forcing the planar, achiral molecule into a chiral rotamer, and negligible toxicity toward human cell lines at ≤10 μM concentrations. The anthracene‐analogue exhibited intracellular accumulation within lysosomes, preventing its interaction with cellular DNA/RNA. However, cytotoxicity was evident at 1 μM concentration upon exposure to light, due to singlet oxygen generation within cells. These multi‐faceted features, in combination with its two‐photon absorption properties, suggest it to be a promising lead compound for development of novel light‐activated theranostic agents.
KW  - cell imaging
KW  - DNA/RNA binding
KW  - methyl viologen
KW  - singlet oxygen
KW  - two-photon absorption
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287126
VL  - 28
IS  - 40
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hattori, Yohei
A1  - Michail, Evripidis
A1  - Schmiedel, Alexander
A1  - Moos, Michael
A1  - Holzapfel, Marco
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Müller, Ulrich
A1  - Pflaum, Jens
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
T1  - Luminescent Mono-, Di-, and Tri-radicals: Bridging Polychlorinated Triarylmethyl Radicals by Triarylamines and Triarylboranes
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - Up to three polychlorinated pyridyldiphenylmethyl radicals bridged by a triphenylamine carrying electron withdrawing (CN), neutral (Me), or donating (OMe) groups were synthesized and analogous radicals bridged by tris(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)borane were prepared for comparison. All compounds were as stable as common closed‐shell organic compounds and showed significant fluorescence upon excitation. Electronic, magnetic, absorption, and emission properties were examined in detail, and experimental results were interpreted using DFT calculations. Oxidation potentials, absorption and emission energies could be tuned depending on the electron density of the bridges. The triphenylamine bridges mediated intramolecular weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the radical spins, and the energy difference between the high spin and low spin states was determined by temperature dependent ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The fluorescent properties of all radicals were examined in detail and revealed no difference for high and low spin states which facilitates application of these dyes in two‐photon absorption spectroscopy and OLED devices.
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - NIR OLED
KW  - radical
KW  - two-photon absorption
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208162
VL  - 25
IS  - 68
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Isolation of neutral, mono-, and dicationic B\(_2\)P\(_2\) rings by diphosphorus addition to a boron-boron triple bond
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The NHC-stabilised diboryne (B\(_2\)(SIDep)\(_2\); SIDep=1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) undergoes a high-yielding P−P bond activation with tetraethyldiphosphine at room temperature to form a B\(_2\)P\(_2\) heterocycle via a diphosphoryldiborene by 1,2-diphosphination. The heterocycle can be oxidised to a radical cation and a dication, respectively, depending on the oxidant used and its counterion. Starting from the planar, neutral 1,3-bis(alkylidene)-1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutane, each oxidation step leads to decreased B−B distances and loss of planarity by cationisation. X-ray analyses in conjunction with DFT and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations reveal closed-shell singlet, butterfly-shaped structures for the NHC-stabilised dicationic B\(_2\)P\(_2\) rings, with their diradicaloid, planar-ring isomers lying close in energy.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - radicals
KW  - boron
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - oxidation
KW  - phosphorus heterocycles
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256451
VL  - 60
IS  - 24
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Dellermann, Theresa
A1  - Celik, Mehmet Ali
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Demeshko, Serhiy
A1  - Ewing, William C.
A1  - Hammond, Kai
A1  - Heß, Merlin
A1  - Bill, Eckhard
A1  - Welz, Eileen
A1  - Röhr, Merle I. S.
A1  - Mitric, Roland
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Meyer, Franc
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Isolation of diradical products of twisted double bonds
T2  - Nature Communications
N2  - Molecules containing multiple bonds between atoms—most often in the form of olefins—are ubiquitous in nature, commerce, and science, and as such have a huge impact on everyday life. Given their prominence, over the last few decades, frequent attempts have been made to perturb the structure and reactivity of multiply-bound species through bending and twisting. However, only modest success has been achieved in the quest to completely twist double bonds in order to homolytically cleave the associated π bond. Here, we present the isolation of double-bond-containing species based on boron, as well as their fully twisted diradical congeners, by the incorporation of attached groups with different electronic properties. The compounds comprise a structurally authenticated set of diamagnetic multiply-bound and diradical singly-bound congeners of the same class of compound.
KW  - diradicals
KW  - diborenes
KW  - carbenes
KW  - boron
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160248
N1  - Submitted version of Julian Böhnke, Theresa Dellermann, Mehmet Ali Celik, Ivo Krummenacher, Rian D. Dewhurst, Serhiy Demeshko, William C. Ewing, Kai Hammond, Merlin Heß, Eckhard Bill, Eileen Welz, Merle I. S. Röhr, Roland Mitrić, Bernd Engels, Franc Meyer & Holger Braunschweig: Isolation of diborenes and their 90°-twisted diradical congeners. Nature Communications. Volume 9, Article number: 1197 (2018) doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02998-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Dellermann, Theresa
A1  - Celik, Mehmet Ali
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Demeshko, Serhiy
A1  - Ewing, William C.
A1  - Hammond, Kai
A1  - Heß, Merlin
A1  - Bill, Eckhard
A1  - Welz, Eileen
A1  - Röhr, Merle I. S.
A1  - Mitric, Roland
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Meyer, Franc
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Isolation of diborenes and their 90°-twisted diradical congeners
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Molecules containing multiple bonds between atoms—most often in the form of olefins—are ubiquitous in nature, commerce, and science, and as such have a huge impact on everyday life. Given their prominence, over the last few decades, frequent attempts have been made to perturb the structure and reactivity of multiply-bound species through bending and twisting. However, only modest success has been achieved in the quest to completely twist double bonds in order to homolytically cleave the associated π bond. Here, we present the isolation of double-bond-containing species based on boron, as well as their fully twisted diradical congeners, by the incorporation of attached groups with different electronic properties. The compounds comprise a structurally authenticated set of diamagnetic multiply-bound and diradical singly-bound congeners of the same class of compound.
KW  - chemical bonding
KW  - diradicals
KW  - organometallic chemistry
KW  - diborenes
KW  - carbenes
KW  - boron
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160431
VL  - 9
IS  - Article number: 1197
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Fuchs, Sonja
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Sieh, Daniel
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Highly Stable, Readily Reducible, Fluorescent, Trifluoromethylated 9‐Borafluorenes
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Three different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes (\(^{F}\)Bf) were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo‐aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para substituents on their exo‐aryl moieties, being a proton \(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf, \(^{F}\)Xyl: 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), a trifluoromethyl group (\(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf, \(^{F}\)Mes: 2,4,6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) or a dimethylamino group (p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf, p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl: 4‐(dimethylamino)‐2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), respectively. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron‐deficient derivative \(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, all compounds exhibit very long fluorescent lifetimes of about 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this differ. The donor‐substituted derivative p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from a charge‐transfer (CT) state, whereas the \(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf and FXylFBf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition‐dipole moments.
KW  - borafluorenes
KW  - boron
KW  - EPR spectroscopy
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - heterocycles
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218390
VL  - 26
IS  - 56
SP  - 12794
EP  - 12808
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Jiménez-Halla, Oscar
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
T1  - Half-Sandwich Complexes of an Extremely Electron-Donating, Re-dox-Active η\(^6\)-Diborabenzene Ligand
T2  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
N2  - The heteroarene 1,4-bis(CAAC)-1,4-diborabenzene (1; CAAC = cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene) reacts with [(MeCN)\(_3\)M(CO)\(_3\)] (M = Cr, Mo, W) to yield half-sandwich complexes of the form [(η\(^6\)-diborabenzene)M(CO)\(_3\)] (M = Cr (2), Mo (3), W (4)). Investigation of the new complexes with a combination of X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic methods and DFT calculations shows that ligand 1 is a remarkably strong electron donor. In particular, [(η\(^6\)-arene)M(CO)\(_3\)] complexes of this ligand display the lowest CO stretching frequencies yet observed for this class of complex. Cyclic voltammetry on complexes 2-4 revealed one reversi- ble oxidation and two reversible reduction events in each case, with no evidence of ring-slippage of the arene to the η\(^4\) binding mode. Treatment of 4 with lithium metal in THF led to identification of the paramagnetic complex [(1)W(CO)\(_3\)]Li·2THF (5). Compound 1 can also be reduced in the absence of a transition metal to its dianion 1\(^{2–}\), which possesses a quinoid-type structure.
KW  - half-sandwich complexes
KW  - transition metal complex
KW  - boron
KW  - redox reactions
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-156766
N1  - This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of the American Chemical Society, copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b12394.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bachmann, Jonas
A1  - Helbig, Andreas
A1  - Crumbach, Merian
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Helten, Holger
T1  - Fusion of Aza‐ and Oxadiborepins with Furans in a Reversible Ring‐Opening Process Furnishes Versatile Building Blocks for Extended π‐Conjugated Materials
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - A modular synthesis of both difurooxa‐ and difuroazadiborepins from a common precursor is demonstrated. Starting from 2,2′‐bifuran, after protection of the positions 5 and 5’ with bulky silyl groups, formation of the novel polycycles proceeds through opening of the furan rings to a dialkyne and subsequent re‐cyclization in the borylation step. The resulting bifuran‐fused diborepins show pronounced stability, highly planar tricyclic structures, and intense blue light emission. Deprotection and transformation into dibrominated building blocks that can be incorporated into π‐extended materials can be performed in one step. Detailed DFT calculations provide information about the aromaticity of the constituent rings of this polycycle.
KW  - aromaticity
KW  - boron
KW  - BN compounds
KW  - furan
KW  - polycycles
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293926
VL  - 28
IS  - 63
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Mailänder, Lisa
A1  - Pentecost, Leanne
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
T1  - Formation of a stable radical by oxidation of a tetraorganoborate
JF  - Chemical Communications
N2  - Herein, we describe the selective formation of a stable neutral spiroborate radical by one-electron oxidation of the corresponding tetraorganoborate salt Li[B(C\(_4\)Ph\(_4\))\(_2\)], formally containing a tetrahedral borate centre and a s-cis-butadiene radical cation as the spin-bearing site. Spectroscopic and computational methods have been used to determine the spin distribution and the chromism observed in the solid state.
KW  - tetraorganoborate salt
KW  - spiroborates
KW  - one-electron oxidation
KW  - spin distribution
KW  - chromism
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191321
VL  - 52
IS  - 43
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Wang, Sunewang R.
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Dellermann, Theresa
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Kelch, Hauke
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Mattock, James D.
A1  - Müssig, Jonas H.
A1  - Thiess, Torsten
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Zhang, Jiji
T1  - Engineering a Small HOMO-LUMO Gap and Intramolecular B–B Hydroarylation by Diborene/Anthracene Orbital Intercalation
T2  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - The diborene 1 was synthesized by reduction of a mixture of 1,2-di-9-anthryl-1,2-dibromodiborane(4) (6) and trimethylphosphine with potassium graphite. The X-ray structure of 1 shows the two anthryl rings to be parallel and their π(C\(_{14}\)) systems perpendicular to the diborene π(B=B) system. This twisted conformation allows for intercalation of the relatively high-lying π(B=B) orbital and the low-lying π* orbital of the anthryl moiety with no significant conjugation, resulting in a small HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG) and ultimately an unprecedented anthryl B–B bond hydroarylation. The HLG of 1 was estimated to be 1.57 eV from the onset of the long wavelength band in its UV–vis absorption spectrum (THF, λ\(_{onset}\) = 788 nm). The oxidation of 1 with elemental selenium afforded diboraselenirane 8 in quantitative yield. By oxidative abstraction of one phosphine ligand by another equivalent of elemental selenium, the B–B and C\(^1\)–H bonds of 8 were cleaved to give the cyclic 1,9-diboraanthracene 9.
KW  - boron
KW  - small HOMO-LUMO gap
KW  - diborenes
KW  - borylation
KW  - hydroarylation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148126
N1  - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: S. R. Wang, M. Arrowsmith, J. Böhnke, H. Braunschweig, T. Dellermann, R. D. Dewhurst, H. Kelch, I. Krummenacher, J. D. Mattock, J. H. Müssig, T. Thiess, A. Vargas, J. Zhang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 8009., which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704063. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
VL  - 56
IS  - 27
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferger, Matthias
A1  - Roger, Chantal
A1  - Köster, Eva
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Lorenzen, Sabine
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Košćak, Marta
A1  - Nestić, Davor
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Piantanida, Ivo
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Electron‐Rich EDOT Linkers in Tetracationic bis‐Triarylborane Chromophores: Influence on Water Stability, Biomacromolecule Sensing, and Photoinduced Cytotoxicity
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Three novel tetracationic bis‐triarylboranes with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) linkers, and their neutral precursors, showed significant red‐shifted absorption and emission compared to their thiophene‐containing analogues, with one of the EDOT‐derivatives emitting in the NIR region. Only the EDOT‐linked trixylylborane tetracation was stable in aqueous solution, indicating that direct attachment of a thiophene or even 3‐methylthiophene to the boron atom is insufficient to provide hydrolytic stability in aqueous solution. Further comparative analysis of the EDOT‐linked trixylylborane tetracation and its bis‐thiophene analogue revealed efficient photo‐induced singlet oxygen production, with the consequent biological implications. Thus, both analogues bind strongly to ds‐DNA and BSA, very efficiently enter living human cells, accumulate in several different cytoplasmic organelles with no toxic effect but, under intense visible light irradiation, they exhibit almost instantaneous and very strong cytotoxic effects, presumably attributed to singlet oxygen production. Thus, both compounds are intriguing theranostic agents, whose intracellular and probably intra‐tissue location can be monitored by strong fluorescence, allowing switching on of the strong bioactivity by well‐focused visible light.
KW  - boranes
KW  - DNA/RNA sensors
KW  - fluorescent probes
KW  - singlet oxygen
KW  - theranostics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287241
VL  - 28
IS  - 48
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Crumbach, Merian
A1  - Bachmann, Jonas
A1  - Fritze, Lars
A1  - Helbig, Andreas
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Helten, Holger
T1  - Dithiophene‐Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Access to dithiophene‐fused oxadiborepins and the first azadiborepins attained via a modular synthesis route are presented. The new compounds emit intense blue light, some of which demonstrate fluorescence quantum yields close to unity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed electrochemically reversible one‐electron reduction processes. The weak aromatic character of the novel 1,2,7‐azadiborepin ring is demonstrated with in‐depth theoretical investigations using nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) scans and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
KW  - aromaticity
KW  - BN compounds
KW  - boron
KW  - isoelectronic analogues
KW  - polycycles
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-238996
VL  - 60
IS  - 17
SP  - 9290
EP  - 9295
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Mattock, James D.
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Direct access to a cAAC-supported dihydrodiborene and its dianion
T2  - Chemical Communications
N2  - The two-fold reduction of (cAAC)BHX\(_2\) (cAAC = 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene; X = Cl, Br) provides a facile, high-yielding route to the dihydrodiborene (cAAC)\(_2\)B\(_2\)H\(_2\). The (chloro)hydroboryl anion reduction intermediate was successfully isolated using a crown ether. Overreduction of the diborene to its dianion [(cAAC)\(_2\)B\(_2\)H\(_2\)]\(^{2−}\) causes a decrease in the B–B bond order whereas the B–C bond orders increase.
KW  - carbenes
KW  - diborenes
KW  - boron
KW  - main-group chemistry
KW  - diborynes
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164276
N1  - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Chemical Communications, 2018, 54, 4669-4672 which has been published at DOI: 10.1039/C8CC01580E
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Hermann, Alexander
A1  - Cid, Jessica
A1  - Mattock, James D.
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Ingleson, Michael J.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Diboryldiborenes: π‐Conjugated B\(_4\) Chains Isoelectronic to the Butadiene Dication
T2  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - sp\(^2\)–sp\(^3\) diborane species based on bis(catecholato)diboron and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are subjected to catechol/bromide exchange selectively at the sp\(^3\) boron atom. The reduction of the resulting 1,1-dibromodiborane adducts led to reductive coupling and isolation of doubly NHC-stabilized 1,2-diboryldiborenes. These compounds are the first examples of molecules exhibiting pelectron delocalization over an all-boron chain.
KW  - diboranes
KW  - diborenes
KW  - N-heterocyclic carbenes
KW  - boron chains
KW  - pi-conjugation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167977
N1  - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: A. Hermann, J. Cid, J. D. Mattock, R. D. Dewhurst, I. Krummenacher, A. Vargas, M. J. Ingleson, H. Braunschweig, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 10091, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805394. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Lichtenberg, Crispin
A1  - Mattock, James
A1  - Schäfer, Marius
A1  - Schmidt, Uwe
A1  - Schneider, Christoph
A1  - Steffenhagen, Thomas
A1  - Ullrich, Stefan
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
T1  - Dibora[2]ferrocenophane: A Carbene-Stabilized Diborene in a Strained cis-Configuration
T2  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - Unsaturated bridges that link the two cyclopentadienyl ligands together in strained ansa metallocenes are rare and limited to carbon-carbon double bonds. The synthesis and isolation of a strained ferrocenophane containing an unsaturated two-boron bridge, isoelectronic with a C=C double bond, was achieved by reduction of a carbene-stabilized 1,1’-bis(dihaloboryl)ferrocene. A combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations was used to assess the influence of the unprecedented strained cis configuration on the optical and electrochemical properties of the carbene-stabilized diborene unit. Initial reactivity studies show that the dibora[2]ferrocenophane is prone to boron-boron double bond cleavage reactions.
KW  - Boron
KW  - Metallocenes
KW  - Metallocene
KW  - Bor
KW  - Diborane
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - strained molecules
KW  - diborenes
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141981
N1  - This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, Volume 56, Issue 3, 889–892, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/anie.201609601. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
ER  -