TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schrewe, L.
A1  - Lill, C. M.
A1  - Liu, T.
A1  - Salmen, A.
A1  - Gerdes, L. A.
A1  - Guillot-Noel, L.
A1  - Akkad, D. A.
A1  - Blaschke, P.
A1  - Graetz, C.
A1  - Hoffjan, S.
A1  - Kroner, A.
A1  - Demir, S.
A1  - Böhme, A.
A1  - Rieckmann, P.
A1  - El Ali, A.
A1  - Hagemann, N.
A1  - Hermann, D. M.
A1  - Cournu-Rebeix, I.
A1  - Zipp, F.
A1  - Kümpfel, T.
A1  - Buttmann, M.
A1  - Zettl, U. K.
A1  - Fontaine, B.
A1  - Bertram, L.
A1  - Gold, R.
A1  - Chan, A.
T1  - Investigation of sex-specific effects of apolipoprotein E on severity of EAE and MS
JF  - Journal of Neuroinflammation
N2  - Background: Despite pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in vitro, its effects on the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are still controversial. As sex hormones modify immunomodulatory apoE functions, they may explain contentious findings. This study aimed to investigate sex-specific effects of apoE on disease course of EAE and MS. 
Methods: MOG\(_{35-55}\) induced EAE in female and male apoE-deficient mice was assessed clinically and histopathologically. apoE expression was investigated by qPCR. The association of the MS severity score (MSSS) and APOE rs429358 and rs7412 was assessed across 3237 MS patients using linear regression analyses. 
Results: EAE disease course was slightly attenuated in male apoE-deficient (apoE\(^{-/-}\)) mice compared to wildtype mice (cumulative median score: apoE\(^{-/-}\) = 2 [IQR 0.0-4.5]; wildtype = 4 [IQR 1.0-5.0]; n = 10 each group, p = 0.0002). In contrast, EAE was more severe in female apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice compared to wildtype mice (cumulative median score: apoE\(^{-/-}\) = 3 [IQR 2.0-4.5]; wildtype = 3 [IQR 0.0-4.0]; n = 10, p = 0.003). In wildtype animals, apoE expression during the chronic EAE phase was increased in both females and males (in comparison to naive animals; p < 0.001). However, in MS, we did not observe a significant association between MSSS and rs429358 or rs7412, neither in the overall analyses nor upon stratification for sex. 
Conclusions: apoE exerts moderate sex-specific effects on EAE severity. However, the results in the apoE knock-out model are not comparable to effects of polymorphic variants in the human APOE gene, thus pinpointing the challenge of translating findings from the EAE model to the human disease.
KW  - immune
KW  - apoE
KW  - gender
KW  - inflammation
KW  - association studies in genetics
KW  - apoe
KW  - CNS disease
KW  - system
KW  - multiple sclerosis
KW  - MSSS
KW  - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
KW  - disease severity
KW  - cognitive function
KW  - Alzheimer disease
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136252
VL  - 12
IS  - 234
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, S. L.
A1  - Wöckel, A.
A1  - Kreienberg, R.
A1  - Kühn, T.
A1  - Flock, F.
A1  - Felberbaum, R.
A1  - Janni, W.
A1  - Curtaz, C.
A1  - Kiesel, M.
A1  - Stüber, T.
A1  - Diessner, J.
A1  - Salmen, J.
A1  - Schwentner, L.
A1  - Fink, V.
A1  - Bekes, I.
A1  - Leinert, E.
A1  - Lato, K.
A1  - Polasik, A.
A1  - Schochter, F.
A1  - Singer, S.
T1  - To which extent do breast cancer survivors feel well informed about disease and treatment 5 years after diagnosis?
JF  - Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
N2  - Objective
In this study, we investigated to which extent patients feel well informed about their disease and treatment, which areas they wish more or less information and which variables are associated with a need for information about the disease, medical tests and treatment.

Methods
In a German multi-centre prospective study, we enrolled 759 female breast cancer patients at the time of cancer diagnosis (baseline). Data on information were captured at 5 years after diagnosis with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Information Module (EORTC QLQ-INFO24). Good information predictors were analysed using linear regression models.

Results
There were 456 patients who participated at the 5-year follow-up. They reported to feel well informed about medical tests (mean score 78.5) and the disease itself (69.3) but relatively poorly about other services (44.3) and about different places of care (31.3). The survivors expressed a need for more information concerning: side effects and long-term consequences of therapy, more information in general, information about aftercare, prognosis, complementary medicine, disease and therapy. Patients with higher incomes were better informed about medical tests (β 0.26, p 0.04) and worse informed with increasing levels of fear of treatment (β − 0.11, p 0.02). Information about treatment was reported to be worse by survivors > 70 years old (β -0.34, p 0.03) and by immigrants (β -0.11, p 0.02). Survivors who had received additional written information felt better informed about disease, medical tests, treatment and other services (β 0.19/0.19/0.20/0.25; each p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Health care providers have to reconsider how and what kind of information they provide. Providing written information, in addition to oral information, may improve meeting those information needs.
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - survivors
KW  - unmet needs
KW  - health care providers
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232356
SN  - 0167-6806
VL  - 185
ER  -