TY  - JOUR
A1  - von Kries, Rüdiger
A1  - Weiss, Susanne
A1  - Falkenhorst, Gerhard
A1  - Wirth, Stephan
A1  - Kaiser, Petra
A1  - Huppertz, Hans-Iko
A1  - Tenenbaum, Tobias
A1  - Schroten, Horst
A1  - Streng, Andrea
A1  - Liese, Johannes
A1  - Shai, Sonu
A1  - Niehues, Tim
A1  - Girschick, Hermann
A1  - Kuscher, Ellen
A1  - Sauerbrey, Axel
A1  - Peters, Jochen
A1  - Wirsing von Koenig, Carl Heinz
A1  - Rückinger, Simon
A1  - Hampl, Walter
A1  - Michel, Detlef
A1  - Mertens, Thomas
T1  - Post-Pandemic Seroprevalence of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Infection (Swine Flu) among Children < 18 Years in Germany
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Background: 

We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children. 

Methodology/Principal Findings: 

Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in-or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (>= 1:10) was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5% (95% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7% and 5.5%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4% (95% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0% (95% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers >= 1: 10, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92% (95%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8% (95%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009. 

Conclusion: 

Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny.
KW  - Hemagglutination inhibition
KW  - Vaccine
KW  - Age
KW  - Immunogenicity
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Antibody
KW  - Viruses
KW  - England
KW  - Safety
KW  - Risk
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141698
VL  - 6
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Li
A1  - He, Jianzheng
A1  - Kaiser, Andrea
A1  - Gräber, Nikolas
A1  - Schläger, Laura
A1  - Ritze, Yvonne
A1  - Scholz, Henrike
T1  - A Single Pair of Serotonergic Neurons Counteracts Serotonergic Inhibition of Ethanol Attraction in Drosophila
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Attraction to ethanol is common in both flies and humans, but the neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying this innate attraction are not well understood. Here, we dissect the function of the key regulator of serotonin signaling—the serotonin transporter–in innate olfactory attraction to ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated a mutated version of the serotonin transporter that prolongs serotonin signaling in the synaptic cleft and is targeted via the Gal4 system to different sets of serotonergic neurons. We identified four serotonergic neurons that inhibit the olfactory attraction to ethanol and two additional neurons that counteract this inhibition by strengthening olfactory information. Our results reveal that compensation can occur on the circuit level and that serotonin has a bidirectional function in modulating the innate attraction to ethanol. Given the evolutionarily conserved nature of the serotonin transporter and serotonin, the bidirectional serotonergic mechanisms delineate a basic principle for how random behavior is switched into targeted approach behavior.
KW  - attraction
KW  - ethanol
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - serotonin transporter
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166762
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
ER  -