TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Julia A1 - Hüttmann, Andreas A1 - Rekowski, Jan A1 - Schmitz, Christine A1 - Gärtner, Selina A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Hansmann, Martin-Leo A1 - Hartmann, Sylvia A1 - Möller, Peter A1 - Wacker, Hans-Heinrich A1 - Feller, Alfred A1 - Thorns, Christoph A1 - Müller, Stefan A1 - Dührsen, Ulrich A1 - Klapper, Wolfram T1 - Molecular characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (PETAL) trial: correlation with interim PET and outcome JF - Blood Cancer Journal N2 - No abstract available KW - Cancer genetics KW - Medical research KW - Translational research Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226185 VL - 9 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Pfeilschifter, Rene A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim A1 - Fischer, Doris A1 - Rothfuß, Eberhard A1 - Schachner, Andreas A1 - Schmitz, Barbara A1 - Werthmann, Katja T1 - Local Self-Governance in the Context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era. A Program for a Fresh Perspective N2 - The nucleus of statehood is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community, beyond the level of the family, first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. But usually this is not the only level of governance at play. Above it, there are supralocal formations of power, varying in scope from regional networks to empires, which supplement the local orders or compete with them. The premise of this Research Unit is that local forms of self-governance are especially heterogeneous and prominent, wherever supralocal statehood exists in the mode of weak permeation. The central question of our approach is how local forms of self-governance work in this context. We will examine the relations to the state level as well as to other local groups as they develop over time; the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; their legitimization and the interdependency with the organization and collective identity of those groups which carry them out; finally, we will turn our attention to the significance of self-governance for the configuration of weak statehood. The empirical focus will be at the local level, which has so far been largely neglected in the research on governance beyond the state. In order to achieve this, we will work with case studies that are structured by categories and situated in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of modern Europe with its particular development of statehood since the Late Middle Ages: in Antiquity, and in the Global South of the present. By incorporating these different time frames, we hope to contribute to overcoming the dichotomy between the modern and pre-modern era, which is often given canonical status. Our goal is to create a comparative analysis of different configurations of order as well as the development of a typology of patterns of local governance. The structure of the empirical comparison itself promises methodological insights, since it will entail recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming disciplinary limitations. Starting with the identification of typical patterns and processes, we hope to gain a better grasp of the mechanisms by which local configurations of order succeed, while at the same time advancing the theoretical debate. This will allow us to make an interdisciplinary contribution to the understanding of fundamental elements of statehood and local governance that are of central importance, especially in the context of weak statehood. The insights we hope to gain by adopting this historical perspective will contribute to understanding a present that is not based exclusively on its own, seemingly completely new preconditions, and will thus significantly sharpen the political analysis of various forms of governance. T2 - Lokale Selbstregelungen im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit in Antike und Moderne. Ein Forschungsprogramm für einen Perspektivwechsel T3 - LoSAM Working Papers - 1(eng) KW - Begrenzte Staatlichkeit KW - Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft KW - Altertum KW - Geschichte KW - Moderne KW - Global South KW - weak statehood KW - local self-governance KW - interdisciplinarity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207371 SN - 2698-2684 N1 - Die deutsche Fassung dieses Working Papers ist unter https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-19347 verfügbar. ET - English Edition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Dominik A1 - Pernitzsch, Sandy R. A1 - Richter, Andreas S. A1 - Backofen, Rolf A1 - Sharma, Cynthia M. A1 - Schmitz, Ruth A. T1 - An archaeal sRNA targeting cis- and trans-encoded mRNAs via two distinct domains JF - Nucleic Acids Research N2 - We report on the characterization and target analysis of the small (s) RNA\(_{162}\) in the methanoarchaeon Methanosarcina mazei. Using a combination of genetic approaches, transcriptome analysis and computational predictions, the bicistronic MM2441-MM2440 mRNA encoding the transcription factor MM2441 and a protein of unknown function was identified as a potential target of this sRNA, which due to processing accumulates as three stabile 5' fragments in late exponential growth. Mobility shift assays using various mutants verified that the non-structured single-stranded linker region of sRNA\(_{162}\) (SLR) base-pairs with the MM2440-MM2441 mRNA internally, thereby masking the predicted ribosome binding site of MM2441. This most likely leads to translational repression of the second cistron resulting in dis-coordinated operon expression. Analysis of mutant RNAs in vivo confirmed that the SLR of sRNA\(_{162}\) is crucial for target interactions. Furthermore, our results indicate that sRNA\(_{162}\)-controlled MM2441 is involved in regulating the metabolic switch between the carbon sources methanol and methylamine. Moreover, biochemical studies demonstrated that the 50 end of sRNA\(_{162}\) targets the 5'-untranslated region of the cis-encoded MM2442 mRNA. Overall, this first study of archaeal sRNA/mRNA-target interactions unraveled that sRNA\(_{162}\) acts as an antisense (as) RNA on cis- and trans-encoded mRNAs via two distinct domains, indicating that cis-encoded asRNAs can have larger target regulons than previously anticipated. KW - strain KW - escherichia coli KW - methanosarcina mazei GO1 KW - methanol methyltransferase isozymes KW - small nucleolar RNAs KW - acetivorans C2A KW - antisense RNAs KW - GO1 KW - transcriptional regulator KW - translational initiation KW - pyrococcus furiosus Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134972 VL - 40 IS - 21 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Pfeilschifter, Rene A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim A1 - Fischer, Doris A1 - Rothfuß, Eberhard A1 - Schachner, Andreas A1 - Schmitz, Barbara A1 - Werthmann, Katja T1 - Lokale Selbstregelungen im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit in Antike und Moderne. Ein Forschungsprogramm für einen Perspektivwechsel T1 - Local Self-Governance in the Context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era N2 - Der Nucleus von Staatlichkeit liegt auf der lokalen Ebene, im Dorf, im Viertel, in der Nachbarschaft. Hier entwickelt eine Gemeinschaft jenseits der Familie zuerst kollektive Regeln, die ihren Fortbestand sichern sollen. Meist ist aber nicht nur diese Regelungsebene vorhanden. Über ihr stehen überlokale Herrschaftsformationen – von regionalen Verbünden bis zum Imperium –, welche die Ordnungsangebote vor Ort ergänzen oder mit ihnen konkurrieren. Örtliche Selbstregelungen sind, so die Prämisse dieser Forschungsgruppe, dann besonders vielfältig und ausgeprägt, wenn überlokale Staatlichkeit im Modus der schwachen Durchdringung existiert. Wie lokale Selbstregelungen in diesem Kontext funktionieren, ist unsere zentrale Forschungsfrage. Wir untersuchen die Relationen zu den staatlichen Ebenen wie zu anderen lokalen Gruppen in ihrem zeitlichen Verlauf, wir analysieren die Reichweite und die räumliche Bedingtheit von Selbstregelungen, fragen nach ihrer Legitimierung sowie nach der Interdependenz zu Organisation und kollektiver Identität der sie tragenden Gruppen; schließlich wenden wir uns der Bedeutung der Selbstregelungen für die Ordnungsform der schwachen Staatlichkeit zu. Der empirische Fokus liegt auf der lokalen Ebene, die in der bisherigen Forschung zum Regieren jenseits des Staates wenig beachtet wurde. Dazu wird in kategorial strukturierten Fallstudien gearbeitet, die in räumlichen und zeitlichen Bereichen außerhalb der europäischen (Sonder-)Entwicklung von Staatlichkeit seit dem Hochmittelalter situiert sind: in der griechisch-römischen Antike und im Globalen Süden der Gegenwart. Mit der unterschiedlichen Zeitstellung möchten wir zur Überwindung der oft als kanonisch geltenden Dichotomie zwischen Moderne und Vormoderne beitragen. Angestrebt wird sowohl die komparative Analyse der verschiedenen Ordnungsarrangements als auch die typologische Erfassung lokaler Regelungsmuster. Allein von der Anlage des empirischen Vergleichs erwarten wir methodischen Ertrag, denn es gilt disziplinäre Beschränkungen zu erkennen, mit ihnen umzugehen und sie zu überwinden. Ausgehend von der Identifizierung typischer Muster und Prozesse, möchten wir theoriebildend die Mechanismen für das Gelingen lokaler Ordnungsarrangements im Ganzen besser abschätzen. Somit leisten wir einen entscheidenden interdisziplinären Beitrag zum Verständnis basaler Elemente von Staatlichkeit, die gerade im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit von elementarer Bedeutung sind. Diese in historischer Perspektive gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen helfen, die Gegenwart nicht nur aus ihren eigenen, scheinbar völlig neuartigen Voraussetzungen heraus zu begreifen, und so die politische Analyse diverser Governance-Formen erheblich schärfen. N2 - The nucleus of statehood is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community, beyond the level of the family, first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. But usually this is not the only level of governance at play. Above it, there are supralocal formations of power, varying in scope from regional networks to empires, which supplement the local orders or compete with them. The premise of the research unit is that local forms of self-governance are especially heterogeneous and prominent, wherever supralocal statehood exists in the mode of weak permeation. The central question of our approach is how local forms of self-governance work in this context. We will examine the relations to the state level as well as to other local groups as they develop over time; the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; their legitimization and the interdependency with the organization and collective identity of those groups which carry them out; finally, we will turn our attention to the significance of self-governance for the configuration of weak statehood. The empirical focus will be at the local level, which has so far been largely neglected in the research on governance beyond the state. In order to achieve this, we will work with case studies that are structured by categories and situated in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of modern Europe with its particular development of statehood since the Late Middle Ages: in Antiquity and in the Global South of the present. By incorporating these different time frames, we hope to contribute to overcoming the dichotomy between the modern and pre-modern era, which is often given canonical status. Our goal is a comparative analysis of different configurations of order as well as the development of a typology of patterns of local governance. The structure of the empirical comparison itself promises methodological insights, since it will entail recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming disciplinary limitations. Starting with the identification of typical patterns and processes, we hope to get a better grasp of the mechanisms by which local configurations of order succeed, while at the same time advancing the theoretical debate. This will allow us to make an interdisciplinary contribution to the understanding of fundamental elements of statehood and local governance that are of central importance, especially in the context of weak statehood. The insights we hope to gain by adopting this historical perspective will contribute to understanding a present that is not based exclusively on its own, apparently completely new preconditions, and will thus significantly sharpen the political analysis of various forms of governance. T3 - LoSAM Working Papers - 1 KW - Begrenzte Staatlichkeit KW - Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft KW - Altertum KW - Geschichte KW - Moderne KW - Staatlichkeit KW - lokale Selbstregelungen KW - Interdisziplinarität KW - Globaler Süden Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193473 N1 - Die englische Ausgabe dieses Working Papers ist unter https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-20737 verfügbar. The english edition of the Working Paper is available at https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-20737. ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barej, Michael F. A1 - Schmitz, Andreas A1 - Penner, Johannes A1 - Doumbia, Joseph A1 - Sandberger-Loua, Laura A1 - Hirschfeld, Mareike A1 - Brede, Christian A1 - Emmrich, Mike A1 - Kouamé, N'Goran Germain A1 - Hillers, Annika A1 - Gonwouo, Nono L. A1 - Nopper, Joachim A1 - Adeba, Patrick Joël A1 - Bangoura, Mohamed A. A1 - Gage, Ceri A1 - Anderson, Gail A1 - Rödel, Mark-Oliver T1 - Life in the spray zone - overlooked diversity in West African torrent-frogs (Anura, Odontobatrachidae, Odontobatrachus) JF - Zoosystematics and Evolution N2 - West African torrent-frogs of the genus Odontobatrachus currently belong to a single species: Odontobatrachus natator (Boulenger, 1905). Recently, molecular results and biogeographic separation led to the recognition of five Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) thus identifying a species-complex. Based on these insights, morphological analyses on more than 150 adult specimens, covering the entire distribution of the family and all OTUs, were carried out. Despite strong morphological congruence, combinations of morphological characters made the differentiation of OTUs successful and allowed the recognition of five distinct species: Odontobatrachus natator, and four species new to science: Odontobatrachus arndti sp. n., O. fouta sp. n., O. smithi sp. n. and O. ziama sp. n. All species occur in parapatry: Odontobatrachus natator is known from western Guinea to eastern Liberia, O. ziama sp. n. from eastern Guinea, O. smithi sp. n. and O. fouta sp. n. from western Guinea, O. arndti sp. n. from the border triangle Guinea-Liberia-Cote d'Ivoire. In addition, for the first time the advertisement call of a West African torrent-frog (O. arndti sp. n.) is described. KW - Guinean rain forest KW - molecular data KW - conservation KW - Upper Guinea KW - new species KW - Phrynobatrachus amphibia KW - Arthroleptis amphibia KW - ivory coast KW - genus KW - biodiversity KW - Ranidae KW - Petropedetidae KW - biodiversity hotspot KW - rainforest KW - taxonomy KW - Amphibia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144254 VL - 91 IS - 2 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim A1 - Fischer, Doris A1 - Krüger, Dominique A1 - Mohamad-Klotzbach, Christoph A1 - Pfeilschifter, Rene A1 - Rothfuß, Eberhard A1 - Schachner, Andreas A1 - Schmitz, Barbara A1 - Werthmann, Katja T1 - Interdisziplinarität. Eine Grundlegung zu Begriffen, Theorien und Methoden in einer geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschungsgruppe T1 - Interdisciplinarity. A discussion of Concepts, Theories and Methods in a Research Group in the Humanities and Social Sciences N2 - Interdisziplinarität markiert ein Forschungsprogramm, das unterschiedliche Konjunkturen erlebt hat. Auch wenn es aktuell wieder an Zuspruch gewinnt, bleiben oftmals die Konturen der Vorstellung von Interdisziplinarität verschwommen. Wenn eine Forschungsgruppe dezidiert die interdisziplinäre Perspektive aufgreift, ist es daher zwingend geboten, sich über den Begriff und seine Implikationen zu verständigen. Darauf aufbauend zeigen wir, wie sich die DFG-Forschungsgruppe 2757 interdisziplinär aufstellt und vernetzt, um eine komplexe Fragestellung zu klären, die durch Einzelforschung nicht befriedigend behandelt werden kann. Dazu erläutern wir zunächst die in interdisziplinärer Reflexion gewonnenen und ausgewählten begrifflichen Grundlagen, Theorien und Methoden und präsentieren die entsprechenden Grundideen unserer Forschungsgruppe. Auf dieser Basis beschreiben wir deren organisatorische Tektonik sowie die inhaltlichen und methodischen Verbindungen der einzelnen Teilprojekte. Somit präzisieren wir unsere Vorstellung von interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit im Sinne einer vernetzten Forschung. Wir erarbeiten mit unserem Vorgehen in interdisziplinärer Hinsicht einen angemessenen Zugang zur Thematik, der es erlaubt, die grundlegenden Fragen aus unterschiedlichen epistemologischen Perspektiven zu beleuchten und damit umfassender zu erfassen, als es aus einer rein disziplinären Sicht möglich wäre. Weiterhin streben wir eine Erweiterung und Vertiefung unseres methodischen Vorgehens an, indem verschiedene fachspezifische Methoden verwendet und kombiniert werden. Auf dieser Grundlage versprechen wir uns innovative Ergebnisse, die theoretische und methodologische Aspekte betreffen. N2 - Interdisciplinarity has experienced cyclical fluctuations. Even though it is currently gaining popularity again, the contours of the notion of interdisciplinarity often remain blurred. For a Research Unit that is adopting an interdisciplinary perspective it is therefore imperative to reach a consensus regarding the underlying concept and its implications. We therefore explain how the interdisciplinary setup and interconnectedness of the DFG Research Unit 2757 contribute to approaching a complex research agenda that lies beyond the scope of individual disciplines. To this end, we first elucidate the fundamental terms, theories and methods, developed and selected through interdisciplinary reflection, and present the basic ideas of our Research Unit. Furthermore, we describe the organizational structure and explain how the subprojects are connected both in terms of content and methodology. This allows us to more precisely define our understanding of interdisciplinary cooperation in the sense of networked research. We are thus aiming at an adequate interdisciplinary approach to our subject matter that allows us to shed light on the fundamental questions from different epistemological perspectives and thereby grasp them more comprehensively than would be possible from a purely disciplinary vantage point. Furthermore, we aspire to broaden and deepen our methodology by implementing and combining different subject-specific approaches. We thereby aim to achieve innovative results regarding theoretical and methodological aspects. T3 - LoSAM Working Papers - 2 KW - Interdisziplinarität KW - Forschung KW - Geisteswissenschaften KW - Sozialwissenschaften KW - Kooperation KW - schwache Staatlichkeit KW - lokale Selbstregelungen KW - Transdisziplinarität Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193483 ET - 1. Aufl. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gilbert, Fabian A1 - Klein, Detlef A1 - Weng, Andreas Max A1 - Köstler, Herbert A1 - Schmitz, Benedikt A1 - Schmalzl, Jonas A1 - Böhm, Dirk T1 - Supraspinatus muscle elasticity measured with real time shear wave ultrasound elastography correlates with MRI spectroscopic measured amount of fatty degeneration JF - BMC Muscoskeletal Disorders N2 - Background: Fatty Degeneration (FD) of the rotator cuff muscles influences functional and anatomical outcome after rotator cuff repair. The MRI based estimation of fatty degeneration is the gold standard. There is some evidence that Ultrasound elastography (EUS) can detect local differences of tissue stiffness in muscles and tendons. Shear-wave elastography (SWE) was evaluated to determine the extent to which shear wave velocity was associated with measures of fatty degeneration. MRI-spectroscopic fat measurement was used as a reference to quantify the amount of fat in the muscle belly. Methods: Forty-two patients underwent SWE of the supraspinatus muscles at its thickest diameter. After ultrasound evaluation an MRI-spectroscopic fat measurement of the supraspinatus muscle was performed using the SPLASH-technique. A gel filled capsule was used to locate the measured area in the MRI. The values of shear wave velocity (SWV) measured with SWE and spectroscopic fat measurement were correlated statistically using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Correlation of the fat amount measured with MRI-spectroscopy and the SWV measured with SWE was ρ =0.82. Spectroscopic measured fat ratio of the supraspinatus muscle ranged from 0% to 77.41% and SWV from 1.59 m/s to 5.32 m/s. In 4 patients no sufficient SWE could be performed, these individuals showed a larger diameter of the overlying soft tissue. SWV measured with SWE showed a good correlation with MRI spectroscopic fat amount of the supraspinatus muscle. Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that SWE may be a sufficient tool in detecting and estimating the amount of fatty degeneration in the supraspinatus muscle in real time. Large overlying soft tissue may be a limitation in performing sufficient EUS. KW - shoulder surgery KW - rotator cuff KW - MRI KW - ultrasound KW - fatty degeneration Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159378 VL - 18 IS - 549 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitz, Sophia M. A1 - Storms, Sebastian A1 - Koch, Alexander A1 - Stier, Christine A1 - Kroh, Andreas A1 - Rheinwalt, Karl P. A1 - Schipper, Sandra A1 - Hamesch, Karim A1 - Ulmer, Tom F. A1 - Neumann, Ulf P. A1 - Alizai, Patrick H. T1 - Insulin resistance is the main characteristic of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) associated with NASH in patients undergoing bariatric surgery JF - Biomedicines N2 - (1) Background: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is a concept that applies to obese patients without any elements of metabolic syndrome (metS). In turn, metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) defines the presence of elements of metS in obese patients. The components of MUO can be divided into subgroups regarding the elements of inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism and cardiovascular disease. MUO patients appear to be at greater risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to MHO patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different MUO components on NAFLD and NASH in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: 141 patients undergoing bariatric surgery from September 2015 and October 2021 at RWTH Aachen university hospital (Germany) were included. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively for characteristics of metS and MUO (HbA1c, HOMA, CRP, BMI, fasting glucose, LDL, TG, HDL and the presence of arterial hypertension). Intraoperatively, a liver biopsy was taken from the left liver lobe and evaluated for the presence of NAFLD or NASH. In ordinal regression analyses, different factors were evaluated for their influence on NAFLD and NASH. (3) Results: Mean BMI of the patients was 52.3 kg/m\(^2\) (36–74.8, SD 8.4). Together, the parameters HbA1c, HOMA, CRP, BMI, fasting glucose, LDL, TG, HDL and the presence of arterial hypertension accounted for a significant amount of variance in the outcome, with a likelihood ratio of χ\(^2\) (9) = 41.547, p < 0.001, for predicting the presence of NASH. Only HOMA was an independent predictor of NASH (B = 0.102, SE = 0.0373, p = 0.007). Evaluation of steatosis showed a similar trend (likelihood ratio χ\(^2\) (9) = 40.272, p < 0.001). Independent predictors of steatosis were HbA1c (B = 0.833, SE = 0.343, p = 0.015) and HOMA (B = 0.136, SE = 0.039, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The above-mentioned model, including components of MUO, was significant for diagnosing NASH in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Out of the different subitems, HOMA independently predicted the presence of NASH and steatosis, while HbA1c independently predicted steatosis and fibrosis. Taken together, the parameter of glucose metabolism appears to be more accurate for the prediction of NASH than the parameters of lipid metabolism, inflammation or the presence of cardiovascular disease. KW - NAFLD KW - metabolically unhealthy obesity KW - obesity surgery KW - insulin resistance Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319213 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 11 IS - 6 ER -