TY - JOUR A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Chao, Anne A1 - Georgiev, Konstadin B. A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Campbell, John L. A1 - Jorge, Castro A1 - Chen, Yan-Han A1 - Choi, Chang-Yong A1 - Cobb, Tyler P. A1 - Donato, Daniel C. A1 - Durska, Ewa A1 - Macdonald, Ellen A1 - Feldhaar, Heike A1 - Fontaine, Jospeh B. A1 - Fornwalt, Paula J. A1 - Hernández Hernández, Raquel María A1 - Hutto, Richard L. A1 - Koivula, Matti A1 - Lee, Eun-Jae A1 - Lindenmayer, David A1 - Mikusinski, Grzegorz A1 - Obrist, Martin K. A1 - Perlík, Michal A1 - Rost, Josep A1 - Waldron, Kaysandra A1 - Wermelinger, Beat A1 - Weiß, Ingmar A1 - Zmihorski, Michal A1 - Leverkus, Alexandro B. T1 - Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity JF - Nature Communications N2 - Forests are increasingly affected by natural disturbances. Subsequent salvage logging, a widespread management practice conducted predominantly to recover economic capital, produces further disturbance and impacts biodiversity worldwide. Hence, naturally disturbed forests are among the most threatened habitats in the world, with consequences for their associated biodiversity. However, there are no evidence-based benchmarks for the proportion of area of naturally disturbed forests to be excluded from salvage logging to conserve biodiversity. We apply a mixed rarefaction/extrapolation approach to a global multi-taxa dataset from disturbed forests, including birds, plants, insects and fungi, to close this gap. We find that 757% (mean +/- SD) of a naturally disturbed area of a forest needs to be left unlogged to maintain 90% richness of its unique species, whereas retaining 50% of a naturally disturbed forest unlogged maintains 73 +/- 12% of its unique species richness. These values do not change with the time elapsed since disturbance but vary considerably among taxonomic groups. Salvage logging has become a common practice to gain economic returns from naturally disturbed forests, but it could have considerable negative effects on biodiversity. Here the authors use a recently developed statistical method to estimate that ca. 75% of the naturally disturbed forest should be left unlogged to maintain 90% of the species unique to the area. KW - natural disturbance KW - bird communities KW - forest KW - management KW - beetle KW - conservation KW - windthrow KW - diversity KW - impact KW - fire Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230512 VL - 11 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael A1 - Ammer, Christian A1 - Eisenhauer, Nico A1 - Seidel, Dominik A1 - Schuldt, Bernhard A1 - Biedermann, Peter A1 - Schmitt, Thomas A1 - Künzer, Claudia A1 - Wegmann, Martin A1 - Cesarz, Simone A1 - Peters, Marcell A1 - Feldhaar, Heike A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Claßen, Alice A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - von Oheimb, Goddert A1 - Fichtner, Andreas A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang T1 - BETA-FOR: Erhöhung der strukturellen Diversität zwischen Waldbeständen zur Erhöhung der Multidiversität und Multifunktionalität in Produktionswäldern. Antragstext für die DFG Forschungsgruppe FOR 5375 T1 - BETA-FOR: Enhancing the structural diversity between patches for improving multidiversity and multifunctionality in production forests. Proposal for DFG Research Unit FOR 5375 BT - β\(_4\) : Proposal for the 1st phase (2022-2026) of the DFG Research Unit FOR 5375/1 (DFG Forschergruppe FOR 5375/1 – BETA-FOR), Fabrikschleichach, October 2021 N2 - Der in jüngster Zeit beobachtete kontinuierliche Verlust der β-Diversität in Ökosystemen deutet auf homogene Gemeinschaften auf Landschaftsebene hin, was hauptsächlich auf die steigende Landnutzungsintensität zurückgeführt wird. Biologische Vielfalt ist mit zahlreichen Funktionen und der Stabilität von Ökosystemen verknüpft. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass eine abnehmende β-Diversität auch die Multifunktionalität verringert. Wir kombinieren hier Fachwissen aus der Forstwissenschaft, der Ökologie, der Fernerkundung, der chemischen Ökologie und der Statistik in einem gemeinschaftlichen und experimentellen β-Diversitätsdesign, um einerseits die Auswirkungen der Homogenisierung zu bewerten und andererseits Konzepte zu entwickeln, um negative Auswirkungen durch Homogenisierung in Wäldern rückgängig zu machen. Konkret werden wir uns mit der Frage beschäftigen, ob die Verbesserung der strukturellen β-Komplexität (ESBC) in Wäldern durch Waldbau oder natürliche Störungen die Biodiversität und Multifunktionalität in ehemals homogenen Produktionswäldern erhöhen kann. Unser Ansatz wird mögliche Mechanismen hinter den beobachteten Homogenisierungs-Diversitäts-Beziehungen identifizieren und zeigen, wie sich diese auf die Multifunktionalität auswirken. An elf Standorten in ganz Deutschland haben wir dazu zwei Waldbestände als zwei kleine "Waldlandschaften" ausgewählt. In einem dieser beiden Bestände haben wir ESBC (Enhancement of Structural Beta Complexity)-Behandlungen durchgeführt. Im zweiten, dem Kontrollbestand, werden wir die gleich Anzahl 50x50m Parzellen ohne ESBC einrichten. Auf allen Parzellen werden wir 18 taxonomische Artengruppen aller trophischer Ebenen und 21 Ökosystemfunktionen, einschließlich der wichtigsten Funktionen in Wäldern der gemäßigten Zonen, messen. Der statistische Rahmen wird eine umfassende Analyse der Biodiversität ermöglichen, indem verschiedenen Aspekte (taxonomische, funktionelle und phylogenetische Vielfalt) auf verschiedenen Skalenebenen (α-, β-, γ-Diversität) quantifiziert werden. Um die Gesamtdiversität zu kombinieren, werden wir das Konzept der Multidiversität auf die 18 Taxa anwenden. Wir werden neue Ansätze zur Quantifizierung und Aufteilung der Multifunktionalität auf α- und β-Skalen verwenden und entwickeln. Durch die experimentelle Beschreibung des Zusammenhangs zwischen β-Diversität und Multifunktionalität in einer Reallandschaft wird unsere Forschung einen neuen Weg einschlagen. Darüber hinaus werden wir dazu beitragen, verbesserte Leitlinien für waldbauliche Konzepte und für das Management natürlicher Störungen zu entwickeln, um Homogenisierungseffekte der Vergangenheit umzukehren. N2 - The recently observed consistent loss of β-diversity across ecosystems indicates increasingly homogeneous communities in patches of landscapes, mainly caused by increasing land-use intensity. Biodiversity is related to numerous ecosystem functions and stability. Therefore, decreasing β-diversity is also expected to reduce multifunctionality. To assess the impact of homogenization and to develop guidelines to reverse its potentially negative effects, we combine expertise from forest science, ecology, remote sensing, chemical ecology and statistics in a collaborative and experimental β-diversity approach. Specifically, we will address the question whether the Enhancement of Structural Beta Complexity (ESBC) in forests by silviculture or natural disturbances will increase biodiversity and multifunctionality in formerly homogeneously structured production forests. Our approach will identify potential mechanisms behind observed homogenization-diversity-relationships and show how these translate into effects on multifunctionality. At eleven forest sites throughout Germany, we selected two districts as two types of small ‘forest landscapes’. In one of these two districts, we established ESBC treatments (nine differently treated 50x50 m patches with a focus on canopy cover and deadwood features). In the second, the control district, we will establish nine patches without ESBC. By a comprehensive sampling, we will monitor 18 taxonomic groups and measure 21 ecosystem functions, including key functions in temperate forests, on all patches. The statistical framework will allow a comprehensive biodiversity assessment by quantifying the different aspects of multitrophic biodiversity (taxonomical, functional and phylogenetic diversity) on different levels of biodiversity (α-, β-, γ-diversity). To combine overall diversity, we will apply the concept of multidiversity across the 18 taxa. We will use and develop new approaches for quantification and partitioning of multifunctionality at α- and β- scales. Overall, our study will herald a new research avenue, namely by experimentally describing the link between β-diversity and multifunctionality. Furthermore, we will help to develop guidelines for improved silvicultural concepts and concepts for management of natural disturbances in temperate forests reversing past homogenization effects. KW - Waldökosystem KW - Biodiversität KW - BETA-Multifunktionalität KW - beta-multifunctionality KW - BETA-Diversität KW - beta diversity KW - Forschungsstation Fabrikschleichach Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290849 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bae, Soyeon A1 - Heidrich, Lea A1 - Levick, Shaun R. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Magdon, Paul A1 - Serebryanyk, Alla A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Schäfer, Deborah A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Doerfler, Inken A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Heurich, Marco A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Roth, Nicolas A1 - Schall, Peter A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Wöllauer, Stephan A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Müller, Jörg T1 - Dispersal ability, trophic position and body size mediate species turnover processes: Insights from a multi-taxa and multi-scale approach JF - Diversity and Distribution N2 - Aim: Despite increasing interest in β-diversity, that is the spatial and temporal turnover of species, the mechanisms underlying species turnover at different spatial scales are not fully understood, although they likely differ among different functional groups. We investigated the relative importance of dispersal limitations and the environmental filtering caused by vegetation for local, multi-taxa forest communities differing in their dispersal ability, trophic position and body size. Location: Temperate forests in five regions across Germany. Methods: In the inter-region analysis, the independent and shared effects of the regional spatial structure (regional species pool), landscape spatial structure (dispersal limitation) and environmental factors on species turnover were quantified with a 1-ha grain across 11 functional groups in up to 495 plots by variation partitioning. In the intra-region analysis, the relative importance of three environmental factors related to vegetation (herb and tree layer composition and forest physiognomy) and spatial structure for species turnover was determined. Results: In the inter-region analysis, over half of the explained variation in community composition (23% of the total explained 35%) was explained by the shared effects of several factors, indicative of spatially structured environmental filtering. Among the independent effects, environmental factors were the strongest on average over 11 groups, but the importance of landscape spatial structure increased for less dispersive functional groups. In the intra-region analysis, the independent effect of plant species composition had a stronger influence on species turnover than forest physiognomy, but the relative importance of the latter increased with increasing trophic position and body size. Main conclusions: Our study revealed that the mechanisms structuring assemblage composition are associated with the traits of functional groups. Hence, conservation frameworks targeting biodiversity of multiple groups should cover both environmental and biogeographical gradients. Within regions, forest management can enhance β-diversity particularly by diversifying tree species composition and forest physiognomy. KW - body size KW - dispersal ability KW - environmental filtering KW - forest physiognomy KW - neutral processes KW - plant composition KW - regional species pool KW - species turnover KW - trophic position KW - β-diversity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236117 VL - 27 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Krah, Franz S. A1 - Reinelt, Arthur A1 - Halbwachs, Hans T1 - Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species JF - Ecology Letters N2 - Although macroecology is a well‐established field, much remains to be learned about the large‐scale variation of fungal traits. We conducted a global analysis of mean fruit body size of 59 geographical regions worldwide, comprising 5340 fungal species exploring the response of fruit body size to latitude, resource availability and temperature. The results showed a hump‐shaped relationship between mean fruit body size and distance to the equator. Areas with large fruit bodies were characterised by a high seasonality and an intermediate mean temperature. The responses of mutualistic species and saprotrophs were similar. These findings support the resource availability hypothesis, predicting large fruit bodies due to a seasonal resource surplus, and the thermoregulation hypothesis, according to which small fruit bodies offer a strategy to avoid heat and cold stress and therefore occur at temperature extremes. Fruit body size may thus be an adaptive trait driving the large‐scale distribution of fungal species. KW - Fungal traits KW - global biomes KW - latitudinal gradient KW - mean fruit body size KW - saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239808 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 658 EP - 667 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doerfler, Inken A1 - Cadotte, Marc W. A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Heibl, Christoph A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Seibold, Sebastian T1 - Restoration‐oriented forest management affects community assembly patterns of deadwood‐dependent organisms JF - Journal of Applied Ecology N2 - Land‐use intensification leads to loss and degradation of habitats and is thus a major driver of biodiversity loss. Restoration strategies typically focus on promoting biodiversity but often neglect that land‐use intensification could have changed the underlying mechanisms of community assembly. Since assembly mechanisms determine the diversity and composition of communities, we propose that evaluation of restoration strategies should consider effects of restoration on biodiversity and community assembly. Using a multi‐taxon approach, we tested whether a strategy that promotes forest biodiversity by restoring deadwood habitats also affects assembly patterns. We assessed saproxylic (i.e. deadwood‐dependent) beetles and fungi, as well as non‐saproxylic plants and birds in 68 beech forest plots in southern Germany, 8 years after the commencement of a restoration project. To assess changes in community assembly, we analysed the patterns of functional–phylogenetic diversity, community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits and their diversity. We hypothesized that restoration increases habitat amount and heterogeneity of deadwood and reduces canopy cover and thereby decreases the strength of environmental filters imposed by past silvicultural intensification, such as a low amount in deadwood. With the restoration of deadwood habitats, saproxylic beetle communities became less functionally–phylogenetically similar, whereas the assembly patterns of saproxylic fungi and non‐saproxylic taxa remained unaffected by deadwood restoration. Among the traits analysed, deadwood diameter niche position of species was most strongly affected indicating that the enrichment of large deadwood objects led to lower functional–phylogenetical similarity of saproxylic beetles. Community assembly and traits of plants were mainly influenced by microclimate associated with changes in canopy cover. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that the positive effects of deadwood restoration on saproxylic beetle richness are associated with an increase in deadwood amount. This might be linked to an increase in deadwood heterogeneity, and therefore decreasing management‐induced environmental filters. Deadwood enrichment can thus be considered an effective restoration strategy which reduces the negative effects of intense forest management on saproxylic taxa by not only promoting biodiversity but also by decreasing the environmental filters shaping saproxylic beetle communities, thus allowing the possibly for more interactions between species and a higher functional diversity. KW - assembly mechanisms KW - beech forest KW - community‐weighted mean KW - deadwood enrichment KW - habitat heterogeneity KW - restoration strategy KW - saproxylic species KW - species traits Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217918 VL - 57 IS - 12 SP - 2429 EP - 2440 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Chao, Anne A1 - Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus A1 - Chen, Yan-Han A1 - Georgiev, Kostadin B. A1 - Heibl, Christoph A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Schäfer, Hanno A1 - Bässler, Claus T1 - Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests JF - Ecology N2 - Following natural disturbances, additional anthropogenic disturbance may alter community recovery by affecting the occurrences of species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages. However, our understanding of whether rare, common, or dominant species, functional groups, or evolutionary lineages are most strongly affected by an additional disturbance, particularly across multiple taxa, is limited. Here, we used a generalized diversity concept based on Hill numbers to quantify the community differences of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, wood‐inhabiting fungi, saproxylic beetles, and birds in a storm‐disturbed, experimentally salvage logged forest. Communities of all investigated species groups showed dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots. Most species groups showed no significant changes in dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over the first seven years of succession, indicating a lack of community recovery. In general, the dissimilarities of communities were mainly driven by rare species. Convergence of dissimilarities occurred more often than divergence during the early stages of succession for rare species, indicating a major role in driving decreasing taxonomic dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over time. Trends in species dissimilarities only partially match the trends in dissimilarities of functional groups and evolutionary lineages, with little significant changes in successional trajectories. Nevertheless, common and dominant species contributed to a convergence of dissimilarities over time in the case of the functional dissimilarities of wood‐inhabiting fungi. Our study shows that salvage logging following disturbances can alter successional trajectories in early stages of forest succession following natural disturbances. However, community changes over time may differ remarkably in different taxonomic groups and are best detected based on taxonomic, rather than functional or phylogenetic dissimilarities. KW - wood-inhabiting fungi KW - birds KW - bryophytes KW - climate change KW - forest succession KW - Hill numbers KW - natural disturbances KW - salvage logging KW - saproxylic beetles KW - vascular plants Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212378 VL - 101 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maihoff, Fabienne A1 - Friess, Nicolas A1 - Hoiss, Bernhard A1 - Schmid‐Egger, Christian A1 - Kerner, Janika A1 - Neumayer, Johann A1 - Hopfenmüller, Sebastian A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Classen, Alice T1 - Smaller, more diverse and on the way to the top: Rapid community shifts of montane wild bees within an extraordinary hot decade JF - Diversity and Distributions N2 - Aim Global warming is assumed to restructure mountain insect communities in space and time. Theory and observations along climate gradients predict that insect abundance and richness, especially of small‐bodied species, will increase with increasing temperature. However, the specific responses of single species to rising temperatures, such as spatial range shifts, also alter communities, calling for intensive monitoring of real‐world communities over time. Location German Alps and pre‐alpine forests in south‐east Germany. Methods We empirically examined the temporal and spatial change in wild bee communities and its drivers along two largely well‐protected elevational gradients (alpine grassland vs. pre‐alpine forest), each sampled twice within the last decade. Results We detected clear abundance‐based upward shifts in bee communities, particularly in cold‐adapted bumble bee species, demonstrating the speed with which mobile organisms can respond to climatic changes. Mean annual temperature was identified as the main driver of species richness in both regions. Accordingly, and in large overlap with expectations under climate warming, we detected an increase in bee richness and abundance, and an increase in small‐bodied species in low‐ and mid‐elevations along the grassland gradient. Community responses in the pre‐alpine forest gradient were only partly consistent with community responses in alpine grasslands. Main Conclusion In well‐protected temperate mountain regions, small‐bodied bees may initially profit from warming temperatures, by getting more abundant and diverse. Less severe warming, and differences in habitat openness along the forested gradient, however, might moderate species responses. Our study further highlights the utility of standardized abundance data for revealing rapid changes in bee communities over only one decade. KW - Alps KW - altitudinal gradient KW - body size KW - climate change KW - global warming KW - hymenoptera KW - pollinator KW - range shifts Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312126 VL - 29 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heidrich, Lea A1 - Pinkert, Stefan A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Hacker, Hermann A1 - Roth, Nicolas A1 - Busse, Annika A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Friess, Nicolas T1 - Noctuid and geometrid moth assemblages show divergent elevational gradients in body size and color lightness JF - Ecography N2 - Previous macroecological studies have suggested that larger and darker insects are favored in cold environments and that the importance of body size and color for the absorption of solar radiation is not limited to diurnal insects. However, whether these effects hold true for local communities and are consistent across taxonomic groups and sampling years remains unexplored. This study examined the variations in body size and color lightness of the two major families of nocturnal moths, Geometridae and Noctuidae, along an elevational gradient of 700 m in Southern Germany. An assemblage-based analysis was performed using community-weighted means and a fourth-corner analysis to test for variations in color and body size among communities as a function of elevation. This was followed by a species-level analysis to test whether species occurrence and abundance along an elevation gradient were related to these traits, after controlling for host plant availability. In both 2007 and 2016, noctuid moth assemblages became larger and darker with increasing elevation, whereas geometrids showed an opposite trend in terms of color lightness and no clear trend in body size. In single species models, the abundance of geometrids, but not of noctuids, was driven by habitat availability. In turn, the abundance of dark-colored noctuids, but not geometrids increased with elevation. While body size and color lightness affect insect physiology and the ability to cope with harsh conditions, divergent trait–environment relationships between both families underline that findings of coarse-scale studies are not necessarily transferable to finer scales. Local abundance and occurrence of noctuids are shaped by morphological traits, whereas that of geometrids are rather shaped by local habitat availability, which can modify their trait–environment-relationship. We discuss potential explanations such as taxon-specific flight characteristics and the effect of microclimatic conditions. KW - insects KW - color lightness KW - body size KW - elevation KW - habitat availability KW - flight characteristics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256694 VL - 44 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roth, Nicolas A1 - Doerfler, Inken A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Blaschke, Markus A1 - Bussler, Heinz A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Heideroth, Antje A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Müller, Jörg T1 - Decadal effects of landscape-wide enrichment of dead wood on saproxylic organisms in beech forests of different historic management intensity JF - Diversity and Distributions N2 - Aim: European temperate forests have lost dead wood and the associated biodiversity owing to intensive management over centuries. Nowadays, some of these forests are being restored by enrichment with dead wood, but mostly only at stand scales. Here, we investigated effects of a seminal dead-wood enrichment strategy on saproxylic organisms at the landscape scale. Location: Temperate European beech forest in southern Germany. Methods: In a before-after control-impact design, we compared assemblages and gamma diversities of saproxylic organisms in strictly protected old-growth forest areas (reserves) and historically moderately and intensively managed forest areas before and a decade after starting a landscape-wide strategy of dead-wood enrichment. Results: Before enrichment with dead wood, the gamma diversity of saproxylic organisms in historically intensively managed forest stands was significantly lower than in reserves and historically moderately managed forest stands; this difference disappeared after 10 years of dead-wood enrichment. The species composition of beetles in forest stands of the three historical management intensities differed before the enrichment strategy, but a decade thereafter, the species compositions of previously intensively logged and forest reserve plots were similar. However, the differences in fungal species composition between historical management categories before and after 10 years of enrichment persisted. Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate that intentional enrichment of dead wood at the landscape scale is a powerful tool for rapidly restoring saproxylic beetle communities and for restoring wood-inhabiting fungal communities, which need longer than a decade for complete restoration. We propose that a strategy of area-wide active restoration combined with some permanent strict refuges is a promising means of promoting the biodiversity of age-long intensively managed Central European beech forests. KW - dead-wood enrichment KW - integrative management strategy KW - land sharing KW - lowland beech forests KW - saproxylic organisms Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227061 VL - 25 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Ulyshen, Mike A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Cadotte, Marc A1 - Chao, Anne A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Hagge, Jonas A1 - Weiß, Ingmar A1 - Baldrian, Petr A1 - Tláskal, Vojtěch A1 - Thorn, Simon T1 - Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent JF - Oikos N2 - The evolutionary split between gymnosperms and angiosperms has far‐reaching implications for the current communities colonizing trees. The inherent characteristics of dead wood include its role as a spatially scattered habitat of plant tissue, transient in time. Thus, local assemblages in deadwood forming a food web in a necrobiome should be affected not only by dispersal ability but also by host tree identity, the decay stage and local abiotic conditions. However, experiments simultaneously manipulating these potential community drivers in deadwood are lacking. To disentangle the importance of spatial distance and microclimate, as well as host identity and decay stage as drivers of local assemblages, we conducted two consecutive experiments, a 2‐tree species and 6‐tree species experiment with 80 and 72 tree logs, respectively, located in canopy openings and under closed canopies of a montane and a lowland forest. We sampled saproxylic beetles, spiders, fungi and bacterial assemblages from logs. Variation partitioning for community metrics based on a unified framework of Hill numbers showed consistent results for both studies: host identity was most important for sporocarp‐detected fungal assemblages, decay stage and host tree for DNA‐detected fungal assemblages, microclimate and decay stage for beetles and spiders and decay stage for bacteria. Spatial distance was of minor importance for most taxa but showed the strongest effects for arthropods. The contrasting patterns among the taxa highlight the need for multi‐taxon analyses in identifying the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of community composition. Moreover, the consistent finding of microclimate as the primary driver for saproxylic beetles compared to host identity shows, for the first time that existing evolutionary host adaptions can be outcompeted by local climate conditions in deadwood. KW - deadwood experiments KW - dispersal KW - forest management KW - habitat filter KW - wood-inhabiting fungi Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228201 VL - 129 IS - 10 SP - 1579 EP - 1588 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krah, Franz-Sebastian A1 - Büntgen, Ulf A1 - Schaefer, Hanno A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Andrew, Carrie A1 - Boddy, Lynne A1 - Diez, Jeffrey A1 - Egli, Simon A1 - Freckleton, Robert A1 - Gange, Alan C. A1 - Halvorsen, Rune A1 - Heegaard, Einar A1 - Heideroth, Antje A1 - Heibl, Christoph A1 - Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob A1 - Høiland, Klaus A1 - Kar, Ritwika A1 - Kauserud, Håvard A1 - Kirk, Paul M. A1 - Kuyper, Thomas W. A1 - Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard A1 - Norden, Jenni A1 - Papastefanou, Phillip A1 - Senn-Irlet, Beatrice A1 - Bässler, Claus T1 - European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates JF - Nature Communications N2 - Thermal melanism theory states that dark-colored ectotherm organisms are at an advantage at low temperature due to increased warming. This theory is generally supported for ectotherm animals, however, the function of colors in the fungal kingdom is largely unknown. Here, we test whether the color lightness of mushroom assemblages is related to climate using a dataset of 3.2 million observations of 3,054 species across Europe. Consistent with the thermal melanism theory, mushroom assemblages are significantly darker in areas with cold climates. We further show differences in color phenotype between fungal lifestyles and a lifestyle differentiated response to seasonality. These results indicate a more complex ecological role of mushroom colors and suggest functions beyond thermal adaption. Because fungi play a crucial role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles, understanding the links between the thermal environment, functional coloration and species’ geographical distributions will be critical in predicting ecosystem responses to global warming. KW - evolutionary ecology KW - fungal ecology KW - fungal evolution KW - macroecology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224815 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Noss, Reed F. A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Leverkus, Alexandro B. A1 - Lindenmayer, David T1 - Increasing disturbance demands new policies to conserve intact forest JF - Conservation Letters N2 - Ongoing controversy over logging the ancient Białowieża Forest in Poland symbolizes a global problem for policies and management of the increasing proportion of the earth's intact forest that is subject to postdisturbance logging. We review the extent of, and motivations for, postdisturbance logging in protected and unprotected forests globally. An unprecedented level of logging in protected areas and other places where green-tree harvest would not normally occur is driven by economic interests and a desire for pest control. To avoid failure of global initiatives dedicated to reducing the loss of species, five key policy reforms are necessary: (1) salvage logging must be banned from protected areas; (2) forest planning should address altered disturbance regimes for all intact forests to ensure that significant areas remain undisturbed by logging; (3) new kinds of integrated analyses are needed to assess the potential economic benefits of salvage logging against its ecological, economic, and social costs; (4) global and regional maps of natural disturbance regimes should be created to guide better spatiotemporal planning of protected areas and undisturbed forests outside reserves; and (5) improved education and communication programs are needed to correct widely held misconceptions about natural disturbances. KW - anthropogenic disturbance KW - forestry KW - FSC KW - natural disturbance KW - protected area management KW - sanitary logging Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224256 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dornelas, Maria A1 - Antão, Laura H. A1 - Moyes, Faye A1 - Bates, Amanda E. A1 - Magurran, Anne E. A1 - Adam, Dušan A1 - Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. A1 - Appeltans, Ward A1 - Arcos, José Manuel A1 - Arnold, Haley A1 - Ayyappan, Narayanan A1 - Badihi, Gal A1 - Baird, Andrew H. A1 - Barbosa, Miguel A1 - Barreto, Tiago Egydio A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Bellgrove, Alecia A1 - Belmaker, Jonathan A1 - Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro A1 - Bett, Brian J. A1 - Bjorkman, Anne D. A1 - Błażewicz, Magdalena A1 - Blowes, Shane A. A1 - Bloch, Christopher P. Bloch A1 - Bonebrake, Timothy C. A1 - Boyd, Susan A1 - Bradford, Matt A1 - Brooks, Andrew J. A1 - Brown, James H. A1 - Bruelheide, Helge A1 - Budy, Phaedra A1 - Carvalho, Fernando A1 - Castañeda-Moya, Edward A1 - Chen, Chaolun Allen A1 - Chamblee, John F. A1 - Chase, Tory J. A1 - Siegwart Collier, Laura A1 - Collinge, Sharon K. A1 - Condit, Richard A1 - Cooper, Elisabeth J. A1 - Cornelissen, J. Hans C. A1 - Cotano, Unai A1 - Crow, Shannan Kyle A1 - Damasceno, Gabriella A1 - Davies, Claire H. A1 - Davis, Robert A. A1 - Day, Frank P. A1 - Degraer, Steven A1 - Doherty, Tim S. A1 - Dunn, Timothy E. A1 - Durigan, Giselda A1 - Duffy, J. Emmett A1 - Edelist, Dor A1 - Edgar, Graham J. A1 - Elahi, Robin A1 - Elmendorf, Sarah C. A1 - Enemar, Anders A1 - Ernest, S. K. Morgan A1 - Escribano, Rubén A1 - Estiarte, Marc A1 - Evans, Brian S. A1 - Fan, Tung-Yung A1 - Turini Farah, Fabiano A1 - Loureiro Fernandes, Luiz A1 - Farneda, Fábio Z. A1 - Fidelis, Alessandra A1 - Fitt, Robert A1 - Fosaa, Anna Maria A1 - Franco, Geraldo Antonio Daher Correa A1 - Frank, Grace E. A1 - Fraser, William R. A1 - García, Hernando A1 - Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto A1 - Givan, Or A1 - Gorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth A1 - Gould, William A. A1 - Gries, Corinna A1 - Grossman, Gary D. A1 - Gutierréz, Julio R. A1 - Hale, Stephen A1 - Harmon, Mark E. A1 - Harte, John A1 - Haskins, Gary A1 - Henshaw, Donald L. A1 - Hermanutz, Luise A1 - Hidalgo, Pamela A1 - Higuchi, Pedro A1 - Hoey, Andrew A1 - Van Hoey, Gert A1 - Hofgaard, Annika A1 - Holeck, Kristen A1 - Hollister, Robert D. A1 - Holmes, Richard A1 - Hoogenboom, Mia A1 - Hsieh, Chih-hao A1 - Hubbell, Stephen P. A1 - Huettmann, Falk A1 - Huffard, Christine L. A1 - Hurlbert, Allen H. A1 - Ivanauskas, Natália Macedo A1 - Janík, David A1 - Jandt, Ute A1 - Jażdżewska, Anna A1 - Johannessen, Tore A1 - Johnstone, Jill A1 - Jones, Julia A1 - Jones, Faith A. M. A1 - Kang, Jungwon A1 - Kartawijaya, Tasrif A1 - Keeley, Erin C. A1 - Kelt, Douglas A. A1 - Kinnear, Rebecca A1 - Klanderud, Kari A1 - Knutsen, Halvor A1 - Koenig, Christopher C. A1 - Kortz, Alessandra R. A1 - Král, Kamil A1 - Kuhnz, Linda A. A1 - Kuo, Chao-Yang A1 - Kushner, David J. A1 - Laguionie-Marchais, Claire A1 - Lancaster, Lesley T. A1 - Lee, Cheol Min A1 - Lefcheck, Jonathan S. A1 - Lévesque, Esther A1 - Lightfoot, David A1 - Lloret, Francisco A1 - Lloyd, John D. A1 - López-Baucells, Adrià A1 - Louzao, Maite A1 - Madin, Joshua S. A1 - Magnússon, Borgþór A1 - Malamud, Shahar A1 - Matthews, Iain A1 - McFarland, Kent P. A1 - McGill, Brian A1 - McKnight, Diane A1 - McLarney, William O. A1 - Meador, Jason A1 - Meserve, Peter L. A1 - Metcalfe, Daniel J. A1 - Meyer, Christoph F. J. A1 - Michelsen, Anders A1 - Milchakova, Nataliya A1 - Moens, Tom A1 - Moland, Even A1 - Moore, Jon A1 - Moreira, Carolina Mathias A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Murphy, Grace A1 - Myers-Smith, Isla H. A1 - Myster, Randall W. A1 - Naumov, Andrew A1 - Neat, Francis A1 - Nelson, James A. A1 - Nelson, Michael Paul A1 - Newton, Stephen F. A1 - Norden, Natalia A1 - Oliver, Jeffrey C. A1 - Olsen, Esben M. A1 - Onipchenko, Vladimir G. A1 - Pabis, Krzysztof A1 - Pabst, Robert J. A1 - Paquette, Alain A1 - Pardede, Sinta A1 - Paterson, David M. A1 - Pélissier, Raphaël A1 - Peñuelas, Josep A1 - Pérez-Matus, Alejandro A1 - Pizarro, Oscar A1 - Pomati, Francesco A1 - Post, Eric A1 - Prins, Herbert H. T. A1 - Priscu, John C. A1 - Provoost, Pieter A1 - Prudic, Kathleen L. A1 - Pulliainen, Erkki A1 - Ramesh, B. R. A1 - Ramos, Olivia Mendivil A1 - Rassweiler, Andrew A1 - Rebelo, Jose Eduardo A1 - Reed, Daniel C. A1 - Reich, Peter B. A1 - Remillard, Suzanne M. A1 - Richardson, Anthony J. A1 - Richardson, J. Paul A1 - van Rijn, Itai A1 - Rocha, Ricardo A1 - Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. A1 - Rixen, Christian A1 - Robinson, Kevin P. A1 - Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro A1 - de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Denise A1 - Rudstam, Lars A1 - Ruhl, Henry A1 - Ruz, Catalina S. A1 - Sampaio, Erica M. A1 - Rybicki, Nancy A1 - Rypel, Andrew A1 - Sal, Sofia A1 - Salgado, Beatriz A1 - Santos, Flavio A. M. A1 - Savassi-Coutinho, Ana Paula A1 - Scanga, Sara A1 - Schmidt, Jochen A1 - Schooley, Robert A1 - Setiawan, Fakhrizal A1 - Shao, Kwang-Tsao A1 - Shaver, Gaius R. A1 - Sherman, Sally A1 - Sherry, Thomas W. A1 - Siciński, Jacek A1 - Sievers, Caya A1 - da Silva, Ana Carolina A1 - da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues A1 - Silveira, Fabio L. A1 - Slingsby, Jasper A1 - Smart, Tracey A1 - Snell, Sara J. A1 - Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. A1 - Souza, Gabriel B. G. A1 - Souza, Flaviana Maluf A1 - Souza, Vinícius Castro A1 - Stallings, Christopher D. A1 - Stanforth, Rowan A1 - Stanley, Emily H. A1 - Sterza, José Mauro A1 - Stevens, Maarten A1 - Stuart-Smith, Rick A1 - Suarez, Yzel Rondon A1 - Supp, Sarah A1 - Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio A1 - Tarigan, Sukmaraharja A1 - Thiede, Gary P. A1 - Thorn, Simon A1 - Tolvanen, Anne A1 - Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani A1 - Totland, Ørjan A1 - Twilley, Robert R. A1 - Vaitkus, Gediminas A1 - Valdivia, Nelson A1 - Vallejo, Martha Isabel A1 - Valone, Thomas J. A1 - Van Colen, Carl A1 - Vanaverbeke, Jan A1 - Venturoli, Fabio A1 - Verheye, Hans M. A1 - Vianna, Marcelo A1 - Vieira, Rui P. A1 - Vrška, Tomáš A1 - Vu, Con Quang A1 - Vu, Lien Van A1 - Waide, Robert B. A1 - Waldock, Conor A1 - Watts, Dave A1 - Webb, Sara A1 - Wesołowski, Tomasz A1 - White, Ethan P. A1 - Widdicombe, Claire E. A1 - Wilgers, Dustin A1 - Williams, Richard A1 - Williams, Stefan B. A1 - Williamson, Mark A1 - Willig, Michael R. A1 - Willis, Trevor J. A1 - Wipf, Sonja A1 - Woods, Kerry D. A1 - Woehler, Eric J. A1 - Zawada, Kyle A1 - Zettler, Michael L. T1 - BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography N2 - Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL. KW - biodiversity KW - global KW - spatial KW - species richness KW - temporal KW - turnover Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222846 VL - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moll, Julia A1 - Kellner, Harald A1 - Leonhardt, Sabrina A1 - Stengel, Elisa A1 - Dahl, Andreas A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Hofrichter, Martin A1 - Hoppe, Björn T1 - Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood JF - Environmental Microbiology N2 - Deadwood represents an important structural component of forest ecosystems, where it provides diverse niches for saproxylic biota. Although wood-inhabiting prokaryotes are involved in its degradation, knowledge about their diversity and the drivers of community structure is scarce. To explore the effect of deadwood substrate on microbial distribution, the present study focuses on the microbial communities of deadwood logs from 13 different tree species investigated using an amplicon based deep-sequencing analysis. Sapwood and heartwood communities were analysed separately and linked to various relevant wood physico-chemical parameters. Overall, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria represented the most dominant phyla. Microbial OTU richness and community structure differed significantly between tree species and between sapwood and heartwood. These differences were more pronounced for heartwood than for sapwood. The pH value and water content were the most important drivers in both wood compartments. Overall, investigating numerous tree species and two compartments provided a remarkably comprehensive view of microbial diversity in deadwood. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224168 VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hilmers, Torben A1 - Friess, Nicolas A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Heurich, Marco A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Pretzsch, Hans A1 - Seidl, Rupert A1 - Müller, Jörg T1 - Biodiversity along temperate forest succession JF - Journal of Applied Ecology N2 - 1. The successional dynamics of forests—from canopy openings to regeneration, maturation, and decay—influence the amount and heterogeneity of resources available for forest-dwelling organisms. Conservation has largely focused only on selected stages of forest succession (e.g., late-seral stages). However, to develop comprehensive conservation strategies and to understand the impact of forest management on biodiversity, a quantitative understanding of how different trophic groups vary over the course of succession is needed. 2. We classified mixed mountain forests in Central Europe into nine successional stages using airborne LiDAR. We analysed α- and β-diversity of six trophic groups encompassing approximately 3,000 species from three kingdoms. We quantified the effect of successional stage on the number of species with and without controlling for species abundances and tested whether the data fit the more-individuals hypothesis or the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Furthermore, we analysed the similarity of assemblages along successional development. 3. The abundance of producers, first-order consumers, and saprotrophic species showed a U-shaped response to forest succession. The number of species of producer and consumer groups generally followed this U-shaped pattern. In contrast to our expectation, the number of saprotrophic species did not change along succession. When we controlled for the effect of abundance, the number of producer and saproxylic beetle species increased linearly with forest succession, whereas the U-shaped response of the number of consumer species persisted. The analysis of assemblages indicated a large contribution of succession-mediated β-diversity to regional γ-diversity. 4. Synthesis and applications. Depending on the species group, our data supported both the more-individuals hypothesis and the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis. Our results highlight the strong influence of forest succession on biodiversity and underline the importance of controlling for successional dynamics when assessing biodiversity change in response to external drivers such as climate change. The successional stages with highest diversity (early and late successional stages) are currently strongly underrepresented in the forests of Central Europe. We thus recommend that conservation strategies aim at a more balanced representation of all successional stages. KW - biodiversity KW - forest dynamics KW - forest succession KW - habitat heterogeneity KW - LiDAR KW - species density KW - temperate forests KW - β-diversity Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320632 VL - 55 ER -