TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wienrich, Carolin
A1  - Carolus, Astrid
A1  - Roth-Isigkeit, David
A1  - Hotho, Andreas
T1  - Inhibitors and enablers to explainable AI success: a systematic examination of explanation complexity and individual characteristics
JF  - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
N2  - With the increasing adaptability and complexity of advisory artificial intelligence (AI)-based agents, the topics of explainable AI and human-centered AI are moving close together. Variations in the explanation itself have been widely studied, with some contradictory results. These could be due to users’ individual differences, which have rarely been systematically studied regarding their inhibiting or enabling effect on the fulfillment of explanation objectives (such as trust, understanding, or workload). This paper aims to shed light on the significance of human dimensions (gender, age, trust disposition, need for cognition, affinity for technology, self-efficacy, attitudes, and mind attribution) as well as their interplay with different explanation modes (no, simple, or complex explanation). Participants played the game Deal or No Deal while interacting with an AI-based agent. The agent gave advice to the participants on whether they should accept or reject the deals offered to them. As expected, giving an explanation had a positive influence on the explanation objectives. However, the users’ individual characteristics particularly reinforced the fulfillment of the objectives. The strongest predictor of objective fulfillment was the degree of attribution of human characteristics. The more human characteristics were attributed, the more trust was placed in the agent, advice was more likely to be accepted and understood, and important needs were satisfied during the interaction. Thus, the current work contributes to a better understanding of the design of explanations of an AI-based agent system that takes into account individual characteristics and meets the demand for both explainable and human-centered agent systems.
KW  - explainable AI
KW  - human-centered AI
KW  - recommender agent
KW  - explanation complexity
KW  - individual differences
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297288
SN  - 2414-4088
VL  - 6
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wienrich, Carolin
A1  - Carolus, Astrid
A1  - Markus, André
A1  - Augustin, Yannik
A1  - Pfister, Jan
A1  - Hotho, Andreas
T1  - Long-term effects of perceived friendship with intelligent voice assistants on usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions
JF  - Computers
N2  - Social patterns and roles can develop when users talk to intelligent voice assistants (IVAs) daily. The current study investigates whether users assign different roles to devices and how this affects their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions. Since social roles take time to establish, we equipped 106 participants with Alexa or Google assistants and some smart home devices and observed their interactions for nine months. We analyzed diverse subjective (questionnaire) and objective data (interaction data). By combining social science and data science analyses, we identified two distinct clusters—users who assigned a friendship role to IVAs over time and users who did not. Interestingly, these clusters exhibited significant differences in their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions of the devices. For example, participants who assigned a role to IVAs attributed more friendship to them used them more frequently, reported more enjoyment during interactions, and perceived more empathy for IVAs. In addition, these users had distinct personal requirements, for example, they reported more loneliness. This study provides valuable insights into the role-specific effects and consequences of voice assistants. Recent developments in conversational language models such as ChatGPT suggest that the findings of this study could make an important contribution to the design of dialogic human–AI interactions.
KW  - intelligent voice assistant
KW  - smart speaker
KW  - social relationship
KW  - social role
KW  - long-term analysis
KW  - social interaction
KW  - human–computer interaction
KW  - anthropomorphism
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313552
SN  - 2073-431X
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -