TY - THES A1 - Jurkutat, Anne T1 - Sprachentwicklungsstörungen bei Kindern mit orofazialen Spalten T1 - Developmental Language Disorders in Children with Orofacial Clefts N2 - Abstrakt Hintergrund Bei Kindern mit angeborenen orofazialen Spalten ist ein Kausalzusammenhang zwischen peripher-organischem Defekt und resultierenden Sprechstörungen offensichtlich. Umstritten ist, ob darüber hinaus sprachsystematische Entwicklungsabweichungen vorliegen. Als Ursachenfaktoren werden begleitende Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeiten, persistierende phonetische Störungen und psychosoziale Aspekte in Betracht gezogen. Material und Methode Der Querschnittsstudie lag ein quasi-experimentelles Design zugrunde. Eine Gruppe vierjähriger Kinder (N=10) mit isolierter Gaumenspalte und Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte wurde hinsichtlich ihrer sprachlichen Kompetenzen mit einer Kontrollgruppe (N=10) verglichen. Die Sprachstandserhebung umfasste die Überprüfung phonetischer Fähigkeiten, expressiver/rezeptiver phonologischer, semantisch-lexikalischer und morphologisch-syntaktischer Leistungen sowie Aspekten der phonologischen Bewusstheit und des Arbeitsgedächtnisses anhand standardisierter und informeller Testverfahren. Neben der quantitativen Auswertung mittels U-Test von Mann-Whitney wurden qualitative Analysen vorgenommen. Ergebnisse Verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe zeigten die Spaltkinder eine tendenziell signifikant größere Anzahl pathologischer phonologischer Prozesse in Form von Rückverlagerungen (p = .06). Hinsichtlich der sprachlichen Dimensionen wurden weder quantitativ noch qualitativ Gruppenunterschiede ermittelt. Hingegen wies die Spaltgruppe tendenziell signifikant schwächere metaphonologische Kompetenzen (Reime erkennen, p = .09) sowie ein signifikant schlechteres Leistungsvermögen bezüglich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses (p = .02) auf. Diskussion Ein physiologischer Erwerb linguistischer Kompetenzen ist auch bei spaltbedingten artikulatorischen Einschränkungen sowie wiederholten Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeiten möglich. Nicht auszuschließen sind jedoch subtile Auffälligkeiten auf metaphonologischer Ebene und bezüglich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses. Ob diese Defizite auf Phasen peripherer Hörbeeinträchtigungen zurückgeführt werden können und inwieweit ein Zusammenhang zwischen Hörvermögen, Artikulation und Arbeitsgedächtnis besteht, bedarf weiterer longitudinaler Forschungsbemühungen. N2 - Abstract Background Children with orofacial clefts are at risk for resonance and articulation problems directly related to the structural defects. Research exploring the language abilities in these children continues to be a controversial issue. Conductive hearing loss, articulatory deficits and psychosocial aspects are considered to be major etiological factors influencing the language development of individuals with cleft lip and palate. Objective To compare a group of children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts with a group of noncleft, matched control children on measures of speech and language abilities, phonological awareness and verbal short-term memory at age 4. Methods and Procedures Using a quasi-experimental design, the speech and language performance of 10 children aged 4 years with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate only (CP) and of 10 children of the same age without clefts were assessed. Assessment included speech production, expressive/ receptive phonological and morpho-syntactic abilities, receptive/ expressive lexical-semantic skills, aspects of phonological awareness and working memory. Non-parametric quantitative analysis based on Mann-Whitney U test was applied to identify statistical differences between groups. Additionally qualitative methods were used. Results Qualitative and quantitative data analysis revealed no differences between the cleft group and their noncleft peers in all levels of language abilities. Moderate significant group differences were found on expressive pathological phonological process usage (p = .06). The main phonological process backing was noted more frequently in the speech of children with clefts. Children in the cleftgroup performed moderate significantly below the children in the control group on phonological awareness tasks (rhyme judgement, p = .09) and significantly below the control group on verbal short-term memory (digit span, p = .02). Discussion Despite of expressive phonological delay and conductive hearing loss children with CLP/CP demonstrate normal language competence at age 4. However, the results of this study suggest that children with CLP/CP have subtle impairments at the level of perceptual-phonological analysis and working memory. Whether these deficits arise from fluctuant hearing loss and/or delays in speech development remains an open question. Further research is needed to understand the nature of the relationship among the three variables articulation, conductive hearing loss and working memory. KW - Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte KW - Sprachentwicklung KW - Phonologische Bewusstheit KW - Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten KW - Sprechentwicklung KW - Arbeitsgedächtnis KW - cleft lip and palate KW - speech and language development KW - phonological awareness KW - verbal short-term memory Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-54087 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barthold, Martina A1 - Jurkutat, Anne A1 - Goetz, Regina A1 - Schubring, Lucia A1 - Spiegler, Juliane A1 - Fries, Ann-Sophie A1 - Kiesel, Lucia A1 - Klepper, Joerg T1 - Timing of ketogenic dietary therapy (KDT) introduction and its impact on cognitive profiles in children with Glut1-DS — a preliminary study JF - Children N2 - The aim of this research was to characterize cognitive abilities in patients with Glut1-Deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) following ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). Methods: The cognitive profiles of eight children were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-IV). The effect of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) on individual subareas of intelligence was analyzed considering the potential influence of speech motor impairments. Results: Patients with Glut1DS showed a wide range of cognitive performance levels. Some participants showed statistically and clinically significant discrepancies between individual subdomains of intelligence. Both variables, KDT initiation as well as duration, had a positive effect on the overall IQ score. Significant correlations were partially found between the time of KDT initiation and the level of IQ scores, depending on the presence of expressive language test demands of the respective subtests of the WISC-IV. Accordingly, the participants benefited les in the linguistic cognitive domain. The discrepancies in cognitive performance profiles of patients with Glut1DS can be attributed to the possibility of a negative distortion of the results due to the influence of speech motor impairments. Conclusions: The individual access skills of test persons should be more strongly considered in test procedures for the assessment of intelligence to reduce the negative influence of motor deficits on test performance. Specific characterization and systematization of the speech disorder are indispensable for determining the severity of speech motor impairment in Glut1DS. Therefore, a stronger focus on dysarthria during diagnosis and therapy is necessary. KW - Glut1DS KW - ketogenic dietary therapy (KDT) KW - cognitive profile KW - Wechsler intelligence scale (WISC-IV) KW - speech motor impairment KW - movement disorder Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313569 SN - 2227-9067 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER -