TY  - JOUR
A1  - von Kries, Rüdiger
A1  - Weiss, Susanne
A1  - Falkenhorst, Gerhard
A1  - Wirth, Stephan
A1  - Kaiser, Petra
A1  - Huppertz, Hans-Iko
A1  - Tenenbaum, Tobias
A1  - Schroten, Horst
A1  - Streng, Andrea
A1  - Liese, Johannes
A1  - Shai, Sonu
A1  - Niehues, Tim
A1  - Girschick, Hermann
A1  - Kuscher, Ellen
A1  - Sauerbrey, Axel
A1  - Peters, Jochen
A1  - Wirsing von Koenig, Carl Heinz
A1  - Rückinger, Simon
A1  - Hampl, Walter
A1  - Michel, Detlef
A1  - Mertens, Thomas
T1  - Post-Pandemic Seroprevalence of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Infection (Swine Flu) among Children < 18 Years in Germany
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Background: 

We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children. 

Methodology/Principal Findings: 

Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in-or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (>= 1:10) was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5% (95% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7% and 5.5%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4% (95% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0% (95% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers >= 1: 10, 25.5% (95% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92% (95%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8% (95%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009. 

Conclusion: 

Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny.
KW  - Hemagglutination inhibition
KW  - Vaccine
KW  - Age
KW  - Immunogenicity
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Antibody
KW  - Viruses
KW  - England
KW  - Safety
KW  - Risk
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141698
VL  - 6
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saulin, Anne
A1  - Horn, Ulrike
A1  - Lotze, Martin
A1  - Kaiser, Jochen
A1  - Hein, Grit
T1  - The neural computation of human prosocial choices in complex motivational states
JF  - NeuroImage
N2  - Motives motivate human behavior. Most behaviors are driven by more than one motive, yet it is unclear how different motives interact and how such motive combinations affect the neural computation of the behaviors they drive. To answer this question, we induced two prosocial motives simultaneously (multi-motive condition) and separately (single motive conditions). After the different motive inductions, participants performed the same choice task in which they allocated points in favor of the other person (prosocial choice) or in favor of themselves (egoistic choice). We used fMRI to assess prosocial choice-related brain responses and drift diffusion modeling to specify how motive combinations affect individual components of the choice process. Our results showed that the combination of the two motives in the multi-motive condition increased participants' choice biases prior to the behavior itself. On the neural level, these changes in initial prosocial bias were associated with neural responses in the bilateral dorsal striatum. In contrast, the efficiency of the prosocial decision process was comparable between the multi-motive and the single-motive conditions. These findings provide insights into the computation of prosocial choices in complex motivational states, the motivational setting that drives most human behaviors .
KW  - motivation
KW  - social decision-making
KW  - hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling
KW  - fMRI
KW  - social neuroscience
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265852
VL  - 247
ER  -