TY - JOUR A1 - Wagenbrenner, Mike A1 - Heinz, Tizian A1 - Horas, Konstantin A1 - Jakuscheit, Axel A1 - Arnholdt, Joerg A1 - Mayer-Wagner, Susanne A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Holzapfel, Boris M. A1 - Weißenberger, Manuel T1 - Impact of Tranexamic Acid on Chondrocytes and Osteogenically Differentiated Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) In Vitro JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - The topical application of tranexamic acid (TXA) helps to prevent post-operative blood loss in total joint replacements. Despite these findings, the effects on articular and periarticular tissues remain unclear. Therefore, this in vitro study examined the effects of varying exposure times and concentrations of TXA on proliferation rates, gene expression and differentiation capacity of chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), which underwent osteogenic differentiation. Chondrocytes and hMSCs were isolated and multiplied in monolayer cell cultures. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was induced for 21 days using a differentiation medium containing specific growth factors. Cell proliferation was analyzed using ATP assays. Effects of TXA on cell morphology were examined via light microscopy and histological staining, while expression levels of tissue-specific genes were measured using semiquantitative RT-PCR. After treatment with 50 mg/mL of TXA, a decrease in cell proliferation rates was observed. Furthermore, treatment with concentrations of 20 mg/mL of TXA for at least 48 h led to a visible detachment of chondrocytes. TXA treatment with 50 mg/mL for at least 24 h led to a decrease in the expression of specific marker genes in chondrocytes and osteogenically differentiated hMSCs. No significant effects were observed for concentrations beyond 20 mg/mL of TXA combined with exposure times of less than 24 h. This might therefore represent a safe limit for topical application in vivo. Further research regarding in vivo conditions and effects on hMSC functionality are necessary to fully determine the effects of TXA on articular and periarticular tissues. KW - tranexamic acid KW - hMSCs KW - chondrocytes KW - osteoarthritis KW - toxicity KW - differentiation capacity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219410 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 9 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagenbrenner, Mike A1 - Mayer-Wagner, Susanne A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Holzapfel, Boris Michael A1 - Weissenberger, Manuel T1 - Combinations of hydrogels and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering — a review of the literature JF - Gels N2 - Cartilage offers limited regenerative capacity. Cell-based approaches have emerged as a promising alternative in the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Due to their easy accessibility, abundancy, and chondrogenic potential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer an attractive cell source. MSCs are often combined with natural or synthetic hydrogels providing tunable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and enhanced cell functionality. In this review, we focused on the different advantages and disadvantages of various natural, synthetic, and modified hydrogels. We examined the different combinations of MSC-subpopulations and hydrogels used for cartilage engineering in preclinical and clinical studies and reviewed the effects of added growth factors or gene transfer on chondrogenesis in MSC-laden hydrogels. The aim of this review is to add to the understanding of the disadvantages and advantages of various combinations of MSC-subpopulations, growth factors, gene transfers, and hydrogels in cartilage engineering. KW - hydrogels KW - osteoarthritis KW - cartilage defects KW - MSCs KW - cartilage regeneration KW - tissue engineering Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250177 SN - 2310-2861 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Manuel T1 - Rezension zu: Damian Dombrowski: Tiepolos Globalität, in: Kulturstadt Würzburg. Kunst, Literatur und Wissenschaft von der Schönbornzeit bis zur Reichsgründung, Bd. 2, Würzburg 2013, S. 107-152. N2 - Rezension des 2013 erschienen Artikels zu "Tiepolos Globalität" von Prof. Damian Dombrowski. KW - Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista KW - Dombrowski, Damian KW - Würzburger Residenz KW - Freskomalerei KW - Residenz Würzburg (Würzburg) KW - Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista KW - Dombrowski Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218652 UR - http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/volltexte/2020/7016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mayer, Manuel T1 - Die erträumte Kunst Pierre Puvis de Chavannes'. Eine Studie zum Verhältnis von Forschung und Kunstkritik im Angesicht einer Malerei ziwschen Staffelei- und Wandbild T1 - The dreamed art of Pierre Puvis de Chavannes. A study on the relationship between research and art criticism in relation to an art between easel- and mural-painting N2 - Die Kunst Pierre Puvis de Chavannes’ erfährt noch lange nicht jene Beachtung, die ihr gebührt. Ja, man muss sogar sagen, sie wird grundsätzlich verkannt. Nur wenigen ist die Malerei Puvis’ ein verlässlicher Begriff. Das liegt nicht zuletzt an jenem engen Kreis von Wissenschaftlern, der ein geradezu absurdes Bild von ihr entwirft. Die Malerei des französischen Meisters gilt bislang als eine traumhaft zeichenhafte und damit als wesentlicher Faktor für den im späten Jahrhundert auftretenden Symbolismus. Vollkommen übersehen dabei jedoch wird die Tatsache, dass diese Definition ein Bild konstruiert, in dem Malerei nur noch das Vehikel zum Zweck ihrer Selbstaufhebung darstellt. Ein derartig argumentativer Unsinn hat in der Wissenschaft nicht nur Methode entwickelt, sondern zugleich tiefe Wurzeln in der eigenen Quelle geschlagen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt auf eindrucksvolle Art und Weise, wie sehr die aktuelle Forschung ihr Puvis-Bild aus der Kunstkritik der Puvis-Zeitgenossen gewonnen hat. Mit diesem schwerwiegenden Erbe in der Wissenschaft wird zugleich auch sichtbar gemacht, dass schon die Zeitgenossen mit der Malerei Puvis’ haderten. Angesichts der Besonderheiten der von Puvis seinem Betrachter vor Augen gestellten Bilder scheiterte schon die Sprache des wertenden Kritikers, sobald sie von der Kunstleistung des Malers überstiegen wurde. Eine Wissenschaft aber, die ihre sachliche Distanz zur wertenden Kritik der Zeitgenossen vollkommen verloren hat, zeigt im Besonderen auf, wie stark noch heute die Leistung Puvis’ als Herausforderung, als Provokation zur wertenden Stellungnahme verstanden wird. Eine solche Stellungnahme kann aber von einer Kunstwissenschaft, die auf Objektivierung und Distanzierung festgenagelt ist, nicht geleistet werden. So zeigt die Studie beispielhaft, dass Kunst nicht nur etwas historisch Vergangenes ist. In genuin malerischer Absicht wirkt sie selbst im Wissenschaftler auf jene Persönlichkeit, die ihre Wissenschaftlichkeit vertreten muss. Der Konfrontation mit diesem Problem – das zeigt die Studie exemplarisch – ist unsere Disziplin schon viel zu lange aus dem Wege gegangen. N2 - The art of Pierre Puvis de Chavannes is still far from receiving the attention it deserves. Indeed, it must be said that it is fundamentally misunderstood. Only a few people have a reliable understanding of Puvis' painting. This is not least due to the narrow circle of scholars who create an almost absurd image of Puvis’ work. The painting of the French master has so far been regarded as a dreamlike, symbolic work and thus as an essential factor in the symbolism that emerged in the late century. What is completely neglected, however, is the fact that this definition constructs a picture in which painting is merely the vehicle for its self-absorption. Such argumentative nonsense has not only developed method in science, but has also taken deep roots in its own source. The present thesis shows in an impressive way how much current research has gained its Puvis image from the art criticism of Puvis contemporaries. In this context the study makes visible that even contemporaries were already struggling with Puvis' painting. In view of the peculiarities of the pictures that Puvis presented to his viewers, the language of the evaluating critic failed as soon as it was surpassed by the painter's artistic achievement. A science, however, which has completely lost its objective distance to the judgmental criticism of Puvis' contemporaries, shows in particular how strongly Puvis' performance is still understood today as a challenge, as a provocation to take a judgmental stand. Such a statement, however, cannot be made by an art history that is pinned down to objectification and distance. The study thus shows in an exemplary way that art is not only something historically past. Art has a genuinely painterly effect on the scientist's personality. After all, it is this personality that must represent its science. As this study shows, our discipline has been avoiding the confrontation with this problem for far too long. KW - Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre KW - Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211449 N1 - Die Arbeit wurde außerdem unter folgendem Link veröffentlicht: http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/7008/ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagenbrenner, Mike A1 - Poker, Konrad A1 - Heinz, Tizian A1 - Herrmann, Marietta A1 - Horas, Konstantin A1 - Ebert, Regina A1 - Mayer-Wagner, Susanne A1 - Holzapfel, Boris M. A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Steinert, Andre F. A1 - Weißenberger, Manuel T1 - Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues of the human arthritic knee joint possess similar multipotent differentiation potential JF - Applied Sciences N2 - (1) Background: The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins are applied in cell-based chondrogenic regeneration. However, there is a lack of comparability determining the most suitable cell source for the tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro chondrogenic potential of MSC-like cells from different tissue sources (bone marrow, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, synovial membrane, and the infrapatellar fat pad removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) and define which cell source is best suited for cartilage regeneration. (2) Methods: MSC-like cells were isolated from five donors and expanded using adherent monolayer cultures. Differentiation was induced by culture media containing specific growth factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 was used as the growth factor for chondrogenic differentiation. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis were induced in monolayer cultures for 27 days, while pellet cell cultures were used for chondrogenesis for 21 days. Control cultures were maintained under the same conditions. After, the differentiation period samples were analyzed, using histological and immunohistochemical staining, as well as molecularbiological analysis by RT-PCR, to assess the expression of specific marker genes. (3) Results: Plastic-adherent growth and in vitro trilineage differentiation capacity of all isolated cells were proven. Flow cytometry revealed the clear co-expression of surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 on all isolated cells. Adipogenesis was validated through the formation of lipid droplets, while osteogenesis was proven by the formation of calcium deposits within differentiated cell cultures. The formation of proteoglycans was observed during chondrogenesis in pellet cultures, with immunohistochemical staining revealing an increased relative gene expression of collagen type II. RT-PCR proved an elevated expression of specific marker genes after successful differentiation, with no significant differences regarding different cell source of native tissue. (4) Conclusions: Irrespective of the cell source of native tissue, all MSC-like cells showed multipotent differentiation potential in vitro. The multipotent differentiation capacity did not differ significantly, and chondrogenic differentiation was proven in all pellet cultures. Therefore, cell suitability for cell-based cartilage therapies and tissue engineering is given for various tissue origins that are routinely removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study might provide essential information for the clinical tool of cell harvesting, leading to more flexibility in cell availability. KW - knee joint KW - MSCs KW - cellular origin KW - cartilage regeneration KW - tissue engineering KW - cell-based therapies KW - osteoarthritis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262334 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Job, Hubert A1 - Bittlingmaier, Sarah A1 - Mayer, Marius A1 - von Ruschkowski, Eick A1 - Woltering, Manuel T1 - Park−People Relationships: The Socioeconomic Monitoring of National Parks in Bavaria, Germany JF - Sustainability N2 - Questions about park–people relationships and the understanding and handling of the conflicts that may result from the creation and management of national parks in the surrounding area are prerequisites for both successful park management and sustainable rural tourism development. This paper analyzes the roles that research may play in relation to park–people relationships in the context of the two oldest German national parks located in Bavaria. The different fields of action of national parks are used to identify the potential for conflict, using detailed case studies from the Bavarian Forest and Berchtesgaden National Parks using quantitative population surveys carried out in 2018. The overall attitude towards both national parks is overwhelmingly positive, with trust towards park administrations and the perceived economic benefits from rural tourism being the attitudes most strongly correlated to the overall level of park–people relationships. Nevertheless, some points of contention still exist, like the ecological integrity approach towards strict nature conservation and related landscape changes (e.g., deadwood cover). A comparison over time shows in both cases that the spatial proximity to the protected area negatively influences people’s attitudes towards the parks, but less so than in the past. Recommendations for national park management include communicating proactively and with greater transparency with locals and decision-makers, to identify conflicts earlier and, where possible, to eliminate them. Furthermore, developing a standardized method to monitor park–people relationships in Germany is a must and would benefit integrated approaches in research and management based on conservation social science. KW - park–people relationships KW - rural tourism KW - Germany KW - Bavaria KW - conflicts KW - national parks KW - Berchtesgaden KW - Bavarian Forest Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245061 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riemer, Manuel A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Helf, Antonia A1 - Mayer, Debora A1 - Popp, Maria A1 - Schlesinger, Tobias A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Weibel, Stephanie T1 - Trial registration and selective outcome reporting in 585 clinical trials investigating drugs for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting JF - BMC Anesthesiology N2 - Background: Selective outcome reporting in clinical trials introduces bias in the body of evidence distorting clinical decision making. Trial registration aims to prevent this bias and is suggested by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) since 2004. Methods: The 585 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1965 and 2017 that were included in a recently published Cochrane review on antiemetic drugs for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting were selected. In a retrospective study, we assessed trial registration and selective outcome reporting by comparing study publications with their registered protocols according to the ‘Cochrane Risk of bias’ assessment tool 1.0. Results: In the Cochrane review, the first study which referred to a registered trial protocol was published in 2004. Of all 585 trials included in the Cochrane review, 334 RCTs were published in 2004 or later, of which only 22% (75/334) were registered. Among the registered trials, 36% (27/75) were pro- and 64% (48/75) were retrospectively registered. 41% (11/27) of the prospectively registered trials were free of selective outcome reporting bias, 22% (6/27) were incompletely registered and assessed as unclear risk, and 37% (10/27) were assessed as high risk. Major outcome discrepancies between registered and published high risk trials were a change from the registered primary to a published secondary outcome (32%), a new primary outcome (26%), and different outcome assessment times (26%). Among trials with high risk of selective outcome reporting 80% favoured at least one statistically significant result. Registered trials were assessed more often as ‘overall low risk of bias’ compared to non-registered trials (64% vs 28%). Conclusions: In 2017, 13 years after the ICMJE declared prospective protocol registration a necessity for reliable clinical studies, the frequency and quality of trial registration in the field of PONV is very poor. Selective outcome reporting reduces trustworthiness in findings of clinical trials. Investigators and clinicians should be aware that only following a properly registered protocol and transparently reporting of predefined outcomes, regardless of the direction and significance of the result, will ultimately strengthen the body of evidence in the field of PONV research in the future. KW - clinical trial KW - postoperative nausea and vomiting KW - selective outcome reporting KW - systematic review KW - trial registration Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265518 VL - 21 ER -