TY - JOUR A1 - Christl, Manfred A1 - Lanzendörfer, U. A1 - Grötsch, M. M. A1 - Hegmann, J. A1 - Ditterich, E. A1 - Hüttner, G. A1 - Peters, K. A1 - Peters, E.-M. A1 - Schnering, H. G. von T1 - Cycloadditionen von 6H-1,3,4-0xadiazin-6-onen (4,5-Diaza-α-pyronen), 12 - Dieckmann-Kondensationen ohne Basen T1 - Cycloadditions of 6H-1,3,4-0xadiazin-6-ones (4,5-Diaza-α-pyrones), 12 - Dieckmann Condensations without Bases N2 - No abstract available KW - Organische Chemie KW - 1 KW - 3 KW - 4-0xadiazine-2-carboxylate KW - methyl 6-oxo-5-phenyl- KW - Diels-Alder reactions KW - Ketenes KW - y-oxo- KW - 1 KW - 2-Cyclopentanedione derivatives KW - Adipic acid KW - substituted 2-oxo- dimethyl esters Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58665 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feineis, E. A1 - Schwarz, H. A1 - Hegmann, J. A1 - Christl, Manfred A1 - Peters, K. A1 - Peters, E.-M. A1 - Schnering, H. G. von T1 - Cycloadditionen von 6H-1,3,4-0xadiazin-6-onen (4,5-Diaza-α-pyronen), 13 - Diels-Alder-Reaktionen mit 6H-1,3,4-Oxadiazin-6-onen als Dienophil T1 - Cycloaddltions of 6H-1,3,4-0xadiazin-6-ones (4,5-Diaza-α-pyrones), 13 - Diels-Alder Reactions wtth 6H-1,3,4-0xadiazin-6-ones as Dienophile N2 - No abstract available KW - Organische Chemie KW - 6H-1 KW - 3 KW - 4-0xadiazin-6-ones KW - 1 KW - 2-Bismethylenecyclohexane KW - Diels-Alder reactions KW - [1 KW - 3 KW - 4]0xadiazino[4 KW - 5-b]isoquinolin-1-one derivatives KW - Bicyclo[2.1.l]hexan-5-one KW - highly substituted Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58673 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christl, Manfred A1 - Lanzendörfer, F. A1 - Hegmann, J. A1 - Peters, K. A1 - Peters, E.-M. A1 - Schnering, H. G. von T1 - Cycloadditionen von 6-0xo-l,3,4-oxadiazinen (4,5-Diaza-α-pyronen), 3 : Reaktionen von 6-Oxo-2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazinen mit Alkenen T1 - Cycloadditions of 6-0xo-l,3,4-oxadiazines (4,5-Diaza-α-pyrones), 3 : Reactions of 6-0xo-2,5--diaryl-l,3,4-oxadiazines with Alkenes N2 - Das bekannte 6-0xo-2,5-diphenyl-6H-l,3,4-oxadiazin (1 a) und die neuen 2,5-Diarylderivate 1 b - g lagern Alkene an, und es entstehen stickstofIfreie Produkte. Im Falle von Cyclopropenen und Cyclobuten bilden sich die a,p-ungesättigten Siebenring-Enollactone 42 -45 bzw. das a,ß-ungesättigte Achtring-Enollacton 47. 42a und d erleiden an basischem Aluminiumoxid die H-Verschiebung zu den ß,y-ungesättigten Siebenring-Enollactonen 46a bzw. d. Bei weiteren Olefinen wurden die 'Y-Ketoketene des Typs 33 als Zwischenprodukte nachgewiesen oder sind aufgrund der Konstitution der Endprodukte wahrscheinlich. Aus 1 a werden mit Norbomen, Norbornadien, Cyc1openten, trans-Cycloocten und Styrol die Sechsring-Enollactone 10, 13, 15, 19 bzw. 21 und 22 erhalten. 10 isomerisiert mit Kalium-tert-butoxid zu 34, und die Methanolyse dieser Enollactone erbringt die diastereomeren Methy]ester 12 bzw. 35. Das y-Ketoketen 16 aus trans-Cycloocten nimmt schneller Wasser und Methanol zu 17 bzw. 18 auf als es zum Enollacton 19 cyclisiert. cis,trans-l,5-Cyc1ooctadien erbringt über die Stufe des nachgewiesenen y-Ketoketens 40 in einer intramolekularen [2 + 2J-Cyc1oaddition den Tricyclus 41. Tetracyclische Verbindungen des Typs 4 gehen aus der Umsetzung von Benzvalen (2) mit 1 hervor. Durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen wurden Konstitution und Konfiguration von 10, 19 und 41 aufgeklärt N2 - Cycloaddition of the known 6-oxo-2,5-diphenyl-6H-1,3,4-oxadiazine (1 a) and the new 2,5- diaryl derivatives 1 b - g with various alkenes yield nitrogen free products. Using cyclopropenes and cyclobutene, a,~-unsaturated seven-membered enollactones 42-45 and the C't,ßunsaturated eight-membered enollactone 47 are formed, respectively. In the presenee of basic aluminium oxide 42a and d undergo a hydrogen migration to form the ß.y-unsaturated enollactones 46a and d, respectively. With other alkenes, y-ketoketenes 33 have been observed, or are assumed to be intennediates, based on the structure of the isolated products. Tbe six-mernbered enollactones 10, 13, 15, 19, and 21 and 22 have been obtained with norbomene, norbornadiene, cyclopentene, trans-cyclooctene, and styrene. Cornpound 10 isomerizes to 34 on treatment with potassium tert-butoxide. The rnethanolyses of these enollactones result in the formation of the diastereomeric methyl esters 12 and 35. The yketoketene 16 forrned from trans-cyc1ooctene gives acid 17 and ester 18 with water and methanol, respectively. These reactions are faster than the cyc1ization to enollactone 19. From cis,trans-l,5-cyclooctadiene the more short-lived y-ketoketene 40 is formed. which undergoes intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition, giving rise to the tricyclic cyclobutanone derivative 41. Tetracyclic products of type 4 are generated from benzvalene (2) and 1. The structures and configurations of compounds 10, 19, and 41 have been determined by means of X -ray analyses. KW - Organische Chemie Y1 - 1985 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58191 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hegmann, J. A1 - Ditterich, E. A1 - Hüttner, G. A1 - Christl, Manfred A1 - Peters, K. A1 - Peters, E.-M. A1 - Schnering, H. G. von T1 - δ-Chlor-δ-lactone aus γ-Oxoketenen N2 - No abstract available KW - Organische Chemie KW - 1 KW - 3 KW - 4-0xadiazine-2-carboxylate KW - methyl 6-oxo-5-phenyl- KW - Diels-Alder reactions KW - Ketenes KW - y-oxo- KW - δ-Lactones KW - δ-chloro- KW - β-Lactones Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58649 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hegmann, J. A1 - Christl, Manfred A1 - Peters, K. A1 - Peters, E.-M. A1 - Schnering, H. G. von T1 - Intramolekulare [2+2]-Cycloadditionen von γ-Oxoketenen N2 - The 1-oxoketenes, which are accessible from methyl 1,3,4-oxadiazin-6-one-2-carboxyIate 1 and cycloalkenes, are shown to undergo an intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition either on heating or on photolysis to give different sterecisemers of ß-lactones of the 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[ 2.2.0]hexane-type. KW - Organische Chemie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58384 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christl, Manfred A1 - Hegmann, J. A1 - Reuchlein, H. A1 - Peters, K. A1 - Peters, E.-M. A1 - Schnering, H. G. von T1 - Überbrückte neungliedrige α,β-ungesättigte Enollactone - Synthese aus 5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazin-6-on-2-carbonsäure-methylester und Konfigurationsanalyse N2 - The γ-oxoketenes, which are formed from oxadiazinone Ja and strained cyclopentene der1vat1ves, are shown to undergo a pericyclic ring enlargement to give the title compounds 2a, 2b, and 5. In the case of 5, two configurations, one having a cis and the other a trans Iactone functionality, are in equilibrium. KW - Organische Chemie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58395 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Appelhans, Tim A1 - Behler, Christina A1 - Classen, Alice A1 - Detsch, Florian A1 - Ensslin, Andreas A1 - Ferger, Stefan W. A1 - Frederiksen, Sara B. A1 - Gebert, Frederike A1 - Haas, Michael A1 - Helbig-Bonitz, Maria A1 - Hemp, Claudia A1 - Kindeketa, William J. A1 - Mwangomo, Ephraim A1 - Ngereza, Christine A1 - Otte, Insa A1 - Röder, Juliane A1 - Rutten, Gemma A1 - Costa, David Schellenberger A1 - Tardanico, Joseph A1 - Zancolli, Giulia A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Eardley, Connal D. A1 - Peters, Ralph S. A1 - Rödel, Mark-Oliver A1 - Schleuning, Matthias A1 - Ssymank, Axel A1 - Kakengi, Victor A1 - Zhang, Jie A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Kalko, Elisabeth K.V. A1 - Kleyer, Michael A1 - Nauss, Thomas A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf T1 - Predictors of elevational biodiversity gradients change from single taxa to the multi-taxa community level JF - Nature Communications N2 - The factors determining gradients of biodiversity are a fundamental yet unresolved topic in ecology. While diversity gradients have been analysed for numerous single taxa, progress towards general explanatory models has been hampered by limitations in the phylogenetic coverage of past studies. By parallel sampling of 25 major plant and animal taxa along a 3.7 km elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro, we quantify cross-taxon consensus in diversity gradients and evaluate predictors of diversity from single taxa to a multi-taxa community level. While single taxa show complex distribution patterns and respond to different environmental factors, scaling up diversity to the community level leads to an unambiguous support for temperature as the main predictor of species richness in both plants and animals. Our findings illuminate the influence of taxonomic coverage for models of diversity gradients and point to the importance of temperature for diversification and species coexistence in plant and animal communities. KW - community ecology KW - macroecology KW - tropical ecology KW - biodiversity Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169374 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kronauer, Daniel J. C. A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Schoning, Caspar A1 - Boomsma, Jacobus J. T1 - Hybridization in East African swarm-raiding army ants N2 - Background: Hybridization can have complex effects on evolutionary dynamics in ants because of the combination of haplodiploid sex-determination and eusociality. While hybrid non-reproductive workers have been found in a range of species, examples of gene-flow via hybrid queens and males are rare. We studied hybridization in East African army ants (Dorylus subgenus Anomma) using morphology, mitochondrial DNA sequences, and nuclear microsatellites. Results: While the mitochondrial phylogeny had a strong geographic signal, different species were not recovered as monophyletic. At our main study site at Kakamega Forest, a mitochondrial haplotype was shared between a “Dorylus molestus-like” and a “Dorylus wilverthi-like” form. This pattern is best explained by introgression following hybridization between D. molestus and D. wilverthi. Microsatellite data from workers showed that the two morphological forms correspond to two distinct genetic clusters, with a significant proportion of individuals being classified as hybrids. Conclusions: We conclude that hybridization and gene-flow between the two army ant species D. molestus and D. wilverthi has occurred, and that mating between the two forms continues to regularly produce hybrid workers. Hybridization is particularly surprising in army ants because workers have control over which males are allowed to mate with a young virgin queen inside the colony. KW - Zoologie KW - Dorylinae KW - Formicidae KW - introgression KW - microsatellites KW - mtDNA KW - gene flow Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68798 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauerbrei, A. A1 - Langenhan, T. A1 - Brandstädt, A. A1 - Schmidt-Ott, R. A1 - Krumbholz, A. A1 - Girschick, H. A1 - Huppertz, H. A1 - Kaiser, P. A1 - Liese, J. A1 - Streng, A. A1 - Niehues, T. A1 - Peters, J. A1 - Sauerbrey, A. A1 - Schroten, H. A1 - Tenenbaum, T. A1 - Wirth, S. A1 - Wutzler, P. T1 - Prevalence of antibodies against influenza A and B viruses in children in Germany, 2008 to 2010 JF - Eurosurveillance N2 - The prevalence of influenza A and B virus-specific IgG was determined in sera taken between 2008 and 2010 from 1,665 children aged 0-17 years and 400 blood donors in Germany. ELISA on the basis of whole virus antigens was applied. Nearly all children aged nine years and older had antibodies against influenza A. In contrast, 40% of children aged 0-4 years did not have any influenza A virus-specific IgG antibodies. Eighty-six percent of 0-6 year-olds, 47% of 7-12 year-olds and 20% of 13-17 year-olds were serologically naive to influenza B viruses. By the age of 18 years, influenza B seroprevalence reached approximately 90%. There were obvious regional differences in the seroprevalence of influenza B in Germany. In conclusion, seroprevalences of influenza A and influenza B increase gradually during childhood. The majority of children older than eight years have basal immunity to influenza A, while comparable immunity against influenza B is only acquired at the age of 18 years. Children aged 0-6 years, showing an overall seroprevalence of 67% for influenza A and of 14% for influenza B, are especially at risk for primary infections during influenza B seasons. KW - disease KW - healthy children KW - vaccine KW - burden KW - hospitalizations KW - efficacy Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117347 SN - 1560-7917 VL - 19 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dumont, Martine A1 - Weber-Lassalle, Nana A1 - Joly-Beauparlant, Charles A1 - Ernst, Corinna A1 - Droit, Arnaud A1 - Feng, Bing-Jian A1 - Dubois, Stéphane A1 - Collin-Deschesnes, Annie-Claude A1 - Soucy, Penny A1 - Vallée, Maxime A1 - Fournier, Frédéric A1 - Lemaçon, Audrey A1 - Adank, Muriel A. A1 - Allen, Jamie A1 - Altmüller, Janine A1 - Arnold, Norbert A1 - Ausems, Margreet G. E. M. A1 - Berutti, Riccardo A1 - Bolla, Manjeet K. A1 - Bull, Shelley A1 - Carvalho, Sara A1 - Cornelissen, Sten A1 - Dufault, Michael R. A1 - Dunning, Alison M. A1 - Engel, Christoph A1 - Gehrig, Andrea A1 - Geurts-Giele, Willemina R. R. A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Green, Jessica A1 - Hackmann, Karl A1 - Helmy, Mohamed A1 - Hentschel, Julia A1 - Hogervorst, Frans B. L. A1 - Hollestelle, Antoinette A1 - Hooning, Maartje J. A1 - Horváth, Judit A1 - Ikram, M. Arfan A1 - Kaulfuß, Silke A1 - Keeman, Renske A1 - Kuang, Da A1 - Luccarini, Craig A1 - Maier, Wolfgang A1 - Martens, John W. M. A1 - Niederacher, Dieter A1 - Nürnberg, Peter A1 - Ott, Claus-Eric A1 - Peters, Annette A1 - Pharoah, Paul D. P. A1 - Ramirez, Alfredo A1 - Ramser, Juliane A1 - Riedel-Heller, Steffi A1 - Schmidt, Gunnar A1 - Shah, Mitul A1 - Scherer, Martin A1 - Stäbler, Antje A1 - Strom, Tim M. A1 - Sutter, Christian A1 - Thiele, Holger A1 - van Asperen, Christi J. A1 - van der Kolk, Lizet A1 - van der Luijt, Rob B. A1 - Volk, Alexander E. A1 - Wagner, Michael A1 - Waisfisz, Quinten A1 - Wang, Qin A1 - Wang-Gohrke, Shan A1 - Weber, Bernhard H. F. A1 - Devilee, Peter A1 - Tavtigian, Sean A1 - Bader, Gary D. A1 - Meindl, Alfons A1 - Goldgar, David E. A1 - Andrulis, Irene L. A1 - Schmutzler, Rita K. A1 - Easton, Douglas F. A1 - Schmidt, Marjanka K. A1 - Hahnen, Eric A1 - Simard, Jacques T1 - Uncovering the contribution of moderate-penetrance susceptibility genes to breast cancer by whole-exome sequencing and targeted enrichment sequencing of candidate genes in women of European ancestry JF - Cancers N2 - Rare variants in at least 10 genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2, are associated with increased risk of breast cancer; however, these variants, in combination with common variants identified through genome-wide association studies, explain only a fraction of the familial aggregation of the disease. To identify further susceptibility genes, we performed a two-stage whole-exome sequencing study. In the discovery stage, samples from 1528 breast cancer cases enriched for breast cancer susceptibility and 3733 geographically matched unaffected controls were sequenced. Using five different filtering and gene prioritization strategies, 198 genes were selected for further validation. These genes, and a panel of 32 known or suspected breast cancer susceptibility genes, were assessed in a validation set of 6211 cases and 6019 controls for their association with risk of breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor (ER) disease subtypes, using gene burden tests applied to loss-of-function and rare missense variants. Twenty genes showed nominal evidence of association (p-value < 0.05) with either overall or subtype-specific breast cancer. Our study had the statistical power to detect susceptibility genes with effect sizes similar to ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2, however, it was underpowered to identify genes in which susceptibility variants are rarer or confer smaller effect sizes. Larger sample sizes would be required in order to identify such genes. KW - breast cancer KW - genetic susceptibility KW - whole-exome sequencing KW - moderate-penetrance genes Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281768 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thormann, Birthe A1 - Raupach, Michael J. A1 - Wagner, Thomas A1 - Wägele, Johann W. A1 - Peters, Marcell K. T1 - Testing a Short Nuclear Marker for Inferring Staphylinid Beetle Diversity in an African Tropical Rain Forest JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background: The use of DNA based methods for assessing biodiversity has become increasingly common during the last years. Especially in speciose biomes as tropical rain forests and/or in hyperdiverse or understudied taxa they may efficiently complement morphological approaches. The most successful molecular approach in this field is DNA barcoding based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) marker, but other markers are used as well. Whereas most studies aim at identifying or describing species, there are only few attempts to use DNA markers for inventorying all animal species found in environmental samples to describe variations of biodiversity patterns. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, an analysis of the nuclear D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene to delimit species-like units is compared to results based on distinction of morphospecies. Data derived from both approaches are used to assess diversity and composition of staphylinid beetle communities of a Guineo-Congolian rain forest in Kenya. Beetles were collected with a standardized sampling design across six transects in primary and secondary forests using pitfall traps. Sequences could be obtained of 99% of all individuals. In total, 76 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were found in contrast to 70 discernible morphospecies. Despite this difference both approaches revealed highly similar biodiversity patterns, with species richness being equal in primary and secondary forests, but with divergent species communities in different habitats. The D3-MOTU approach proved to be an efficient tool for biodiversity analyses. Conclusions/Significance: Our data illustrate that the use of MOTUs as a proxy for species can provide an alternative to morphospecies identification for the analysis of changes in community structure of hyperdiverse insect taxa. The efficient amplification of the D3-marker and the ability of the D3-MOTUs to reveal similar biodiversity patterns as analyses of morphospecies recommend its use in future molecular studies on biodiversity. KW - DNA barcodes KW - Biological identifications KW - Species richness KW - Taxonomy KW - Conservation KW - Coleoptera KW - Parataxonomy KW - Assemblages KW - Madagascar Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142666 VL - 6 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schleuning, Matthias A1 - Farwig, Nina A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Bergsdorf, Thomas A1 - Bleher, Bärbel A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Dalitz, Helmut A1 - Fischer, Georg A1 - Freund, Wolfram A1 - Gikungu, Mary W. A1 - Hagen, Melanie A1 - Garcia, Francisco Hita A1 - Kagezi, Godfrey H. A1 - Kaib, Manfred A1 - Kraemer, Manfred A1 - Lung, Tobias A1 - Naumann, Clas M. A1 - Schaab, Gertrud A1 - Templin, Mathias A1 - Uster, Dana A1 - Wägele, J. Wolfgang A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin T1 - Forest Fragmentation and Selective Logging Have Inconsistent Effects on Multiple Animal-Mediated Ecosystem Processes in a Tropical Forest JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Forest fragmentation and selective logging are two main drivers of global environmental change and modify biodiversity and environmental conditions in many tropical forests. The consequences of these changes for the functioning of tropical forest ecosystems have rarely been explored in a comprehensive approach. In a Kenyan rainforest, we studied six animal-mediated ecosystem processes and recorded species richness and community composition of all animal taxa involved in these processes. We used linear models and a formal meta-analysis to test whether forest fragmentation and selective logging affected ecosystem processes and biodiversity and used structural equation models to disentangle direct from biodiversity-related indirect effects of human disturbance on multiple ecosystem processes. Fragmentation increased decomposition and reduced antbird predation, while selective logging consistently increased pollination, seed dispersal and army-ant raiding. Fragmentation modified species richness or community composition of five taxa, whereas selective logging did not affect any component of biodiversity. Changes in the abundance of functionally important species were related to lower predation by antbirds and higher decomposition rates in small forest fragments. The positive effects of selective logging on bee pollination, bird seed dispersal and army-ant raiding were direct, i.e. not related to changes in biodiversity, and were probably due to behavioural changes of these highly mobile animal taxa. We conclude that animal-mediated ecosystem processes respond in distinct ways to different types of human disturbance in Kakamega Forest. Our findings suggest that forest fragmentation affects ecosystem processes indirectly by changes in biodiversity, whereas selective logging influences processes directly by modifying local environmental conditions and resource distributions. The positive to neutral effects of selective logging on ecosystem processes show that the functionality of tropical forests can be maintained in moderately disturbed forest fragments. Conservation concepts for tropical forests should thus include not only remaining pristine forests but also functionally viable forest remnants. KW - Ant-following birds KW - Land-use change KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Rain-forest KW - Functional diversity KW - Plantation forests KW - Amazonian forest KW - Prunus-africana KW - Seed dispersal KW - Logged forests Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140093 VL - 6 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bringmann, Gerhard A1 - Hartung, Thomas A1 - Goebel, Lothar A1 - Schupp, Olaf A1 - Ewers, Christian L. J. A1 - Schoener, Bernd A1 - Zagst, Rainer A1 - Peters, Karl A1 - Von Schnering, Hans Georg A1 - Burschka, Christian T1 - Novel concepts in directed biaryl synthesis, IX: Synthesis and structure of benzonaphthopyranones, useful bridged model precursors for stereoselective biaryl syntheses N2 - A practicable two-step procedure for the preparation of a series of lactone-type bridged biaryls 7 as favorable substrates for subsequent atropisomer-selective ring-opening reactions is described. Due to the efficiency of the coupling step, which tolerates even a telt·butyl group next to the biaryl axis and avoids problems of regioselectivity, a variety of differently substituted representatives is prepared. These cover a broad range of steric hindrance and thus molecular distortion. The structures are investigated mainly by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, showing the lactones 7 to be helically distorted, depending on the size of the residues R. KW - Chemie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46635 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gessler, Manfred A1 - König, A. A1 - Arden, K. A1 - Grundy, P. A1 - Orkin, S. H. A1 - Sallan, S. A1 - Peters, C. A1 - Ruyle, S. A1 - Mandell, J. A1 - Li, F. A1 - Cavenee, W. A1 - Bruns, G. A. T1 - Infrequent mutation of the WT1 gene in 77 Wilms' Tumors N2 - Homozygous deletions in Wilms' tumor DNA have been a key step in the identification and isolation of the WTI gene. Several additional loci are also postulated to contribute to Wilms' tumor formation. To assess the frequency of WTI alterations we have analyzed the WTI locus in a panel of 77 Wilms' tumors. Eight tumors showed evidence for large deletions of several hundred or thousand kilobasepairs of DNA, some of which were also cytogenetically detected. Additional intragenic mutations were detected using more sensitive SSCP analyses to scan all 10 WTI exons. Most of these result in premature stop codons or missense mutations that inactivate the remaining WTI allele. The overall frequency of WTI alterations detected with these methods is less than 15%. While some mutations may not be detectable with the methods employed, our results suggest that direct alterations of the WTI gene are present in only a small fraction of Wilms' tumors. Thus, mutations at other Wilms' tumor loci or disturbance of interactions between these genes likely play an important role in Wilms' tumor development. KW - Wilms' tumor KW - WTI KW - Zinc finger gene KW - Tumor suppressor gene KW - Nephroblastoma KW - Deletion analysis KW - SSCP analysis KW - Mutation screening Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34308 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuchscherr, Lorena A1 - Bischoff, Markus A1 - Lattar, Santiago M. A1 - Noto Llana, Mariangeles A1 - Pförtner, Henrike A1 - Niemann, Silke A1 - Geraci, Jennifer A1 - Van de Vyver, Hélène A1 - Fraunholz, Martin J. A1 - Cheung, Ambrose L. A1 - Herrmann, Mathias A1 - Völker, Uwe A1 - Sordelli, Daniel O. A1 - Peters, Georg A1 - Loeffler, Bettina T1 - Sigma factor SigB is crucial to mediate Staphylococcus aureus adaptation during chronic infections JF - PLoS Pathogens N2 - Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a range of infections from acute invasive to chronic and difficult-to-treat. Infection strategies associated with persisting S. aureus infections are bacterial host cell invasion and the bacterial ability to dynamically change phenotypes from the aggressive wild-type to small colony variants (SCVs), which are adapted for intracellular long-term persistence. The underlying mechanisms of the bacterial switching and adaptation mechanisms appear to be very dynamic, but are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role and the crosstalk of the global S. aureus regulators agr, sarA and SigB by generating single, double and triple mutants, and testing them with proteome analysis and in different in vitro and in vivo infection models. We were able to demonstrate that SigB is the crucial factor for adaptation in chronic infections. During acute infection, the bacteria require the simultaneous action of the agr and sarA loci to defend against invading immune cells by causing inflammation and cytotoxicity and to escape from phagosomes in their host cells that enable them to settle an infection at high bacterial density. To persist intracellularly the bacteria subsequently need to silence agr and sarA. Indeed agr and sarA deletion mutants expressed a much lower number of virulence factors and could persist at high numbers intracellularly. SigB plays a crucial function to promote bacterial intracellular persistence. In fact, \(\Delta\)sigB-mutants did not generate SCVs and were completely cleared by the host cells within a few days. In this study we identified SigB as an essential factor that enables the bacteria to switch from the highly aggressive phenotype that settles an acute infection to a silent SCV-phenotype that allows for long-term intracellular persistence. Consequently, the SigB-operon represents a possible target to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies against chronic and therapy-refractory infections. KW - gene regulator agr KW - endothelial cells KW - modulates virulence KW - death pathway sar locus KW - factor B KW - small-colony variants KW - alpha-toxin KW - epithelial cells KW - in vitro Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143419 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lasway, Julius V. A1 - Kinabo, Neema R. A1 - Mremi, Rudolf F. A1 - Martin, Emanuel H. A1 - Nyakunga, Oliver C. A1 - Sanya, John J. A1 - Rwegasira, Gration M. A1 - Lesio, Nicephor A1 - Gideon, Hulda A1 - Pauly, Alain A1 - Eardley, Connal A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Peterson, Andrew T. A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Njovu, Henry K. T1 - A synopsis of the Bee occurrence data of northern Tanzania JF - Biodiversity Data Journal N2 - Background Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) are the most important group of pollinators with about 20,507 known species worldwide. Despite the critical role of bees in providing pollination services, studies aiming at understanding which species are present across disturbance gradients are scarce. Limited taxononomic information for the existing and unidentified bee species in Tanzania make their conservation haphazard. Here, we present a dataset of bee species records obtained from a survey in nothern Tanzania i.e. Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Manyara regions. Our findings serve as baseline data necessary for understanding the diversity and distribution of bees in the northern parts of the country, which is a critical step in devising robust conservation and monitoring strategies for their populations. New information In this paper, we present information on 45 bee species belonging to 20 genera and four families sampled using a combination of sweep-netting and pan trap methods. Most species (27, ~ 60%) belong to the family Halictidae followed by 16 species (35.5%) from the family Apidae. Megachilidae and Andrenidae were the least represented, each with only one species (2.2%). Additional species of Apidae and Megachilidae sampled during this survey are not yet published on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), once they will be available on GBIF, they will be published in a subsequent paper. From a total of 953 occurrences, highest numbers were recorded in Kilimanjaro Region (n = 511), followed by Arusha (n = 410) and Manyara (n = 32), but this pattern reflects the sampling efforts of the research project rather than real bias in the distributions of bee species in northern Tanzania. KW - agriculture KW - bee pollinator KW - distribution KW - disturbance gradient KW - grazing KW - species diversity KW - Tanzania Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265018 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoffer, Olaf A1 - Schülein, Stefanie A1 - Arand, Gerlinde A1 - Arnholdt, Hans A1 - Baaske, Dieter A1 - Bargou, Ralf C. A1 - Becker, Nikolaus A1 - Beckmann, Matthias W. A1 - Bodack, Yves A1 - Böhme, Beatrix A1 - Bozkurt, Tayfun A1 - Breitsprecher, Regine A1 - Buchali, Andre A1 - Burger, Elke A1 - Burger, Ulrike A1 - Dommisch, Klaus A1 - Elsner, Gudrun A1 - Fernschild, Karin A1 - Flintzer, Ulrike A1 - Funke, Uwe A1 - Gerken, Michael A1 - Göbel, Hubert A1 - Grobe, Norbert A1 - Gumpp, Vera A1 - Heinzerling, Lucie A1 - Kempfer, Lana Raffaela A1 - Kiani, Alexander A1 - Klinkhammer-Schalke, Monika A1 - Klöcking, Sabine A1 - Kreibich, Ute A1 - Knabner, Katrin A1 - Kuhn, Peter A1 - Lutze, Stine A1 - Mäder, Uwe A1 - Maisel, Tanja A1 - Maschke, Jan A1 - Middeke, Martin A1 - Neubauer, Andreas A1 - Niedostatek, Antje A1 - Opazo-Saez, Anabelle A1 - Peters, Christoph A1 - Schell, Beatrice A1 - Schenkirsch, Gerhard A1 - Schmalenberg, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Peter A1 - Schneider, Constanze A1 - Schubotz, Birgit A1 - Seide, Anika A1 - Strecker, Paul A1 - Taubenheim, Sabine A1 - Wackes, Matthias A1 - Weiß, Steffen A1 - Welke, Claudia A1 - Werner, Carmen A1 - Wittekind, Christian A1 - Wulff, Jörg A1 - Zettl, Heike A1 - Klug, Stefanie J. T1 - Tumour stage distribution and survival of malignant melanoma in Germany 2002-2011 JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Over the past two decades, there has been a rising trend in malignant melanoma incidence worldwide. In 2008, Germany introduced a nationwide skin cancer screening program starting at age 35. The aims of this study were to analyse the distribution of malignant melanoma tumour stages over time, as well as demographic and regional differences in stage distribution and survival of melanoma patients. Methods Pooled data from 61 895 malignant melanoma patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2011 and documented in 28 German population-based and hospital-based clinical cancer registries were analysed using descriptive methods, joinpoint regression, logistic regression and relative survival. Results The number of annually documented cases increased by 53.2% between 2002 (N = 4 779) and 2011 (N = 7 320). There was a statistically significant continuous positive trend in the proportion of stage UICC I cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, compared to a negative trend for stage UICC II. No trends were found for stages UICC III and IV respectively. Age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97–0.97), sex (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25), date of diagnosis (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06), ‘diagnosis during screening’ (OR 3.24, 95% CI 2.50–4.19) and place of residence (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.30) had a statistically significant influence on the tumour stage at diagnosis. The overall 5-year relative survival for invasive cases was 83.4% (95% CI 82.8–83.9%). Conclusions No distinct changes in the distribution of malignant melanoma tumour stages among those aged 35 and older were seen that could be directly attributed to the introduction of skin cancer screening in 2008. " KW - Malignant melanoma KW - TNM staging KW - Survival analysis KW - Skin cancer screening KW - Stage distribution Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164544 VL - 16 IS - 936 ER -