TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleijn, David
A1  - Winfree, Rachael
A1  - Bartomeus, Ignasi
A1  - Carvalheiro, Luísa G.
A1  - Henry, Mickael
A1  - Isaacs, Rufus
A1  - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
A1  - Kremen, Claire
A1  - M'Gonigle, Leithen K.
A1  - Rader, Romina
A1  - Ricketts, Taylor H.
A1  - Williams, Neal M.
A1  - Adamson, Nancy Lee
A1  - Ascher, John S.
A1  - Báldi, András
A1  - Batáry, Péter
A1  - Benjamin, Faye
A1  - Biesmeijer, Jacobus C.
A1  - Blitzer, Eleanor J.
A1  - Bommarco, Riccardo
A1  - Brand, Mariette R.
A1  - Bretagnolle, Vincent
A1  - Button, Lindsey
A1  - Cariveau, Daniel P.
A1  - Chifflet, Rémy
A1  - Colville, Jonathan F.
A1  - Danforth, Bryan N.
A1  - Elle, Elizabeth
A1  - Garratt, Michael P. D.
A1  - Herzog, Felix
A1  - Holzschuh, Andrea
A1  - Howlett, Brad G.
A1  - Jauker, Frank
A1  - Jha, Shalene
A1  - Knop, Eva
A1  - Krewenka, Kristin M.
A1  - Le Féon, Violette
A1  - Mandelik, Yael
A1  - May, Emily A.
A1  - Park, Mia G.
A1  - Pisanty, Gideon
A1  - Reemer, Menno
A1  - Riedinger, Verena
A1  - Rollin, Orianne
A1  - Rundlöf, Maj
A1  - Sardiñas, Hillary S.
A1  - Scheper, Jeroen
A1  - Sciligo, Amber R.
A1  - Smith, Henrik G.
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
A1  - Thorp, Robbin
A1  - Tscharntke, Teja
A1  - Verhulst, Jort
A1  - Viana, Blandina F.
A1  - Vaissière, Bernard E.
A1  - Veldtman, Ruan
A1  - Ward, Kimiora L.
A1  - Westphal, Catrin
A1  - Potts, Simon G.
T1  - Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost- effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species. Across crops, years and biogeographical regions, crop-visiting wild bee communities are dominated by a small number of common species, and threatened species are rarely observed on crops. Dominant crop pollinators persist under agricultural expansion and many are easily enhanced by simple conservation measures, suggesting that cost- effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management strategies to promote threatened bees. Conserving the biological diversity of bees therefore requires more than just ecosystem-service-based arguments.
KW  - ecosystem services
KW  - european countries
KW  - abundance
KW  - native bees
KW  - biodiversity conservation
KW  - plant diversity
KW  - fruit set
KW  - productivity
KW  - decline
KW  - pollen
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151879
VL  - 6
IS  - 7414
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Woodcock, B. A.
A1  - Garratt, M. P. D.
A1  - Powney, G. D.
A1  - Shaw, R. F.
A1  - Osborne, J. L.
A1  - Soroka, J.
A1  - Lindström, S. A. M.
A1  - Stanley, D.
A1  - Ouvrard, P.
A1  - Edwards, M. E.
A1  - Jauker, F.
A1  - McCracken, M. E.
A1  - Zou, Y.
A1  - Potts, S. G.
A1  - Rundlöf, M.
A1  - Noriega, J. A.
A1  - Greenop, A.
A1  - Smith, H. G.
A1  - Bommarco, R.
A1  - van der Werf, W.
A1  - Stout, J. C.
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, I.
A1  - Morandin, L.
A1  - Bullock, J. M.
A1  - Pywell, R. F.
T1  - Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - How insects promote crop pollination remains poorly understood in terms of the contribution of functional trait differences between species. We used meta-analyses to test for correlations between community abundance, species richness and functional trait metrics with oilseed rape yield, a globally important crop. While overall abundance is consistently important in predicting yield, functional divergence between species traits also showed a positive correlation. This result supports the complementarity hypothesis that pollination function is maintained by non-overlapping trait distributions. In artificially constructed communities (mesocosms), species richness is positively correlated with yield, although this effect is not seen under field conditions. As traits of the dominant species do not predict yield above that attributed to the effect of abundance alone, we find no evidence in support of the mass ratio hypothesis. Management practices increasing not just pollinator abundance, but also functional divergence, could benefit oilseed rape agriculture.
KW  - agroecology
KW  - agriculture
KW  - ecosystem services
KW  - environmental sciences
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233787
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Viljur, Mari‐Liis
A1  - Abella, Scott R.
A1  - Adámek, Martin
A1  - Alencar, Janderson Batista Rodrigues
A1  - Barber, Nicholas A.
A1  - Beudert, Burkhard
A1  - Burkle, Laura A.
A1  - Cagnolo, Luciano
A1  - Campos, Brent R.
A1  - Chao, Anne
A1  - Chergui, Brahim
A1  - Choi, Chang‐Yong
A1  - Cleary, Daniel F. R.
A1  - Davis, Thomas Seth
A1  - Dechnik‐Vázquez, Yanus A.
A1  - Downing, William M.
A1  - Fuentes‐Ramirez, Andrés
A1  - Gandhi, Kamal J. K.
A1  - Gehring, Catherine
A1  - Georgiev, Kostadin B.
A1  - Gimbutas, Mark
A1  - Gongalsky, Konstantin B.
A1  - Gorbunova, Anastasiya Y.
A1  - Greenberg, Cathryn H.
A1  - Hylander, Kristoffer
A1  - Jules, Erik S.
A1  - Korobushkin, Daniil I.
A1  - Köster, Kajar
A1  - Kurth, Valerie
A1  - Lanham, Joseph Drew
A1  - Lazarina, Maria
A1  - Leverkus, Alexandro B.
A1  - Lindenmayer, David
A1  - Marra, Daniel Magnabosco
A1  - Martín‐Pinto, Pablo
A1  - Meave, Jorge A.
A1  - Moretti, Marco
A1  - Nam, Hyun‐Young
A1  - Obrist, Martin K.
A1  - Petanidou, Theodora
A1  - Pons, Pere
A1  - Potts, Simon G.
A1  - Rapoport, Irina B.
A1  - Rhoades, Paul R.
A1  - Richter, Clark
A1  - Saifutdinov, Ruslan A.
A1  - Sanders, Nathan J.
A1  - Santos, Xavier
A1  - Steel, Zachary
A1  - Tavella, Julia
A1  - Wendenburg, Clara
A1  - Wermelinger, Beat
A1  - Zaitsev, Andrey S.
A1  - Thorn, Simon
T1  - The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis
JF  - Biological Reviews
N2  - Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which act at different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristics and habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbance ecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding the impact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human‐induced changes in natural disturbance regimes. In many areas, major natural forest disturbances, such as wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks, are becoming more frequent, intense, severe, and widespread due to climate change and land‐use change. Conversely, the suppression of natural disturbances threatens disturbance‐dependent biota. Using a meta‐analytic approach, we analysed a global data set (with most sampling concentrated in temperate and boreal secondary forests) of species assemblages of 26 taxonomic groups, including plants, animals, and fungi collected from forests affected by wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks. The overall effect of natural disturbances on α‐diversity did not differ significantly from zero, but some taxonomic groups responded positively to disturbance, while others tended to respond negatively. Disturbance was beneficial for taxonomic groups preferring conditions associated with open canopies (e.g. hymenopterans and hoverflies), whereas ground‐dwelling groups and/or groups typically associated with shady conditions (e.g. epigeic lichens and mycorrhizal fungi) were more likely to be negatively impacted by disturbance. Across all taxonomic groups, the highest α‐diversity in disturbed forest patches occurred under moderate disturbance severity, i.e. with approximately 55% of trees killed by disturbance. We further extended our meta‐analysis by applying a unified diversity concept based on Hill numbers to estimate α‐diversity changes in different taxonomic groups across a gradient of disturbance severity measured at the stand scale and incorporating other disturbance features. We found that disturbance severity negatively affected diversity for Hill number q = 0 but not for q = 1 and q = 2, indicating that diversity–disturbance relationships are shaped by species relative abundances. Our synthesis of α‐diversity was extended by a synthesis of disturbance‐induced change in species assemblages, and revealed that disturbance changes the β‐diversity of multiple taxonomic groups, including some groups that were not affected at the α‐diversity level (birds and woody plants). Finally, we used mixed rarefaction/extrapolation to estimate biodiversity change as a function of the proportion of forests that were disturbed, i.e. the disturbance extent measured at the landscape scale. The comparison of intact and naturally disturbed forests revealed that both types of forests provide habitat for unique species assemblages, whereas species diversity in the mixture of disturbed and undisturbed forests peaked at intermediate values of disturbance extent in the simulated landscape. Hence, the relationship between α‐diversity and disturbance severity in disturbed forest stands was strikingly similar to the relationship between species richness and disturbance extent in a landscape consisting of both disturbed and undisturbed forest habitats. This result suggests that both moderate disturbance severity and moderate disturbance extent support the highest levels of biodiversity in contemporary forest landscapes.
KW  - natural disturbance
KW  - diversity–disturbance relationship
KW  - disturbance severity
KW  - disturbance extent
KW  - intermediate disturbance hypothesis
KW  - forest communities
KW  - α‐diversity
KW  - β‐diversity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287168
VL  - 97
IS  - 5
SP  - 1930
EP  - 1947
ER  -