TY - BOOK A1 - Dickopf, Simon A1 - Hassan, Mira A1 - Künzler, Jan A1 - Renner, Regina T1 - Gerechtigkeitsurteile in einer unterfränkischen Großstadt vor und nach der Finanzkrise T1 - Justice Evaluations in a Lower Franconian City before and after the Financial Crisis N2 - In den letzten dreißig Jahren hat sich mit der Gerechtigkeitsforschung ein neues Forschungsfeld etabliert, in dem Gerechtigkeitsphilosophien und -ideologien und Gerechtigkeitsbewertungen empirisch untersucht werden. Wir wollen erstens einen methodologischen Beitrag zur Operationalisierung von Gerechtigkeitsurteilen leisten, indem wir ein neues Maß der Beurteilung von Verteilungsergebnissen vorschlagen. Ein Standardinstrument der Gerechtigkeitsforschung ist eine Itembatterie mit Ist- und Soll-Einschätzungen des Einkommens in neun verschiedenen Berufsgruppen. Die Itembatterie war in verschiedenen ISSP- und ISJP-Erhebungen implementiert. Gerechtigkeitsurteile sollten sowohl von den Werten, den Gerechtigkeitsprinzipien des Individuums, aber auch von seiner sozialen Lage abhängen. Wir gehen zweitens der Frage nach, wie sich die Finanzkrise von 2008/09 auf Urteile über die Gerechtigkeit von Einkommensverteilungen ausgewirkt hat: Hat die Krise dazu geführt, dass eine stärkere Nivellierung der Einkommensverteilung gefordert wird? Oder ist es vielmehr zu einer Polarisierung der Meinungen gekommen: Hat die Krise je nach Lage unterschiedlich auf die Gerechtigkeitsurteile verschiedener Gruppen gewirkt? Wir untersuchen diese Fragen mit Daten der Würzburg- Barometer von 2008 und 2009 (Zufallsauswahl, N = 760) in hierarchischen OLS-Regressionsmodellen. Unser Redistributions-Index ri zeigt an, ob Abweichungen vom gerechten Zustand gesehen werden, in welche Richtung die geforderten Umverteilungen gehen (Einkommensdifferenzierung versus Einkommensnivellierung), und in welchem Umfang Umverteilungen gefordert werden. Dieser ri setzt den von den Befragten geschätzten Istzustand der Einkommensvariation zwischen Berufsgruppen zur Einkommensvariation im Sollzustand in Beziehung und drückt Abweichungen zwischen Ist- und Sollzustand als relative prozentuale Differenzen aus. N2 - With the emergence of empirical justice research within the past thirty years a new scientific subject has been established which tries to analyse justice philosophies and ideologies as well as justice evaluations. First, we want to give a methodological input to the operationalization of justice evaluations by suggesting a new measure for evaluating distributive results. A standard instrument wellk-nown from several ISSP- and ISJP-surveys is a battery of items including nine different occu-pational titles asking for actual and just income estimations for every single one. Justice evaluations should depend on values, on individual justice ideologies but also on the individual’s position within social hierarchy. We secondarily research the question how the international finance crisis 2008/09 has influenced justice evaluations regarding income dis-tribution: Did the crisis lead to demands for levelling income distribution? Or do we in fact observe a polarisation of justice: Did the crisis determine justice evaluations in different ways depending on the individual’s social position? We examine these questions with data collected by the Wuerzburg-Barometer from 2008 and 2009 (random sample, N = 760) in hierarchical OLS-regression models. Our redistribution-index ri shows if there are any deviations from the just state. The direction of possibly demanded redistribution (income differentiation versus income levelling) can as well be measured as the amount of those demanded redistributions by using ri. This ri creates a relation between the estimated variation of actual and just incomes over the given occupa-tional titles and presents the result as a relative percentaged difference between the actual and just state. T3 - Würzburger Arbeitspapiere zur Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie (WAPS) - 1 KW - Gerechtigkeit KW - Franken KW - Würzburg KW - Finanzkrise KW - Finanzkrise KW - Großstadtsoziologie KW - Politikwissenschaft KW - Sozialforschung KW - Justice KW - Lower Franconia KW - Sociology Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69396 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davis, Lea K. A1 - Yu, Dongmei A1 - Keenan, Clare L. A1 - Gamazon, Eric R. A1 - Konkashbaev, Anuar I. A1 - Derks, Eske M. A1 - Neale, Benjamin M. A1 - Yang, Jian A1 - Lee, S. Hong A1 - Evans, Patrick A1 - Barr, Cathy L. A1 - Bellodi, Laura A1 - Benarroch, Fortu A1 - Berrio, Gabriel Bedoya A1 - Bienvenu, Oscar J. A1 - Bloch, Michael H. A1 - Blom, Rianne M. A1 - Bruun, Ruth D. A1 - Budman, Cathy L. A1 - Camarena, Beatriz A1 - Campbell, Desmond A1 - Cappi, Carolina A1 - Cardona Silgado, Julio C. A1 - Cath, Danielle C. A1 - Cavallini, Maria C. A1 - Chavira, Denise A. A1 - Chouinard, Sylvian A1 - Conti, David V. A1 - Cook, Edwin H. A1 - Coric, Vladimir A1 - Cullen, Bernadette A. A1 - Deforce, Dieter A1 - Delorme, Richard A1 - Dion, Yves A1 - Edlund, Christopher K. A1 - Egberts, Karin A1 - Falkai, Peter A1 - Fernandez, Thomas V. A1 - Gallagher, Patience J. A1 - Garrido, Helena A1 - Geller, Daniel A1 - Girard, Simon L. A1 - Grabe, Hans J. A1 - Grados, Marco A. A1 - Greenberg, Benjamin D. A1 - Gross-Tsur, Varda A1 - Haddad, Stephen A1 - Heiman, Gary A. A1 - Hemmings, Sian M. J. A1 - Hounie, Ana G. A1 - Illmann, Cornelia A1 - Jankovic, Joseph A1 - Jenike, Micheal A. A1 - Kennedy, James L. A1 - King, Robert A. A1 - Kremeyer, Barbara A1 - Kurlan, Roger A1 - Lanzagorta, Nuria A1 - Leboyer, Marion A1 - Leckman, James F. A1 - Lennertz, Leonhard A1 - Liu, Chunyu A1 - Lochner, Christine A1 - Lowe, Thomas L. A1 - Macciardi, Fabio A1 - McCracken, James T. A1 - McGrath, Lauren M. A1 - Restrepo, Sandra C. Mesa A1 - Moessner, Rainald A1 - Morgan, Jubel A1 - Muller, Heike A1 - Murphy, Dennis L. A1 - Naarden, Allan L. A1 - Ochoa, William Cornejo A1 - Ophoff, Roel A. A1 - Osiecki, Lisa A1 - Pakstis, Andrew J. A1 - Pato, Michele T. A1 - Pato, Carlos N. A1 - Piacentini, John A1 - Pittenger, Christopher A1 - Pollak, Yehunda A1 - Rauch, Scott L. A1 - Renner, Tobias J. A1 - Reus, Victor I. A1 - Richter, Margaret A. A1 - Riddle, Mark A. A1 - Robertson, Mary M. A1 - Romero, Roxana A1 - Rosàrio, Maria C. A1 - Rosenberg, David A1 - Rouleau, Guy A. A1 - Ruhrmann, Stephan A1 - Ruiz-Linares, Andreas A1 - Sampaio, Aline S. A1 - Samuels, Jack A1 - Sandor, Paul A1 - Sheppard, Broke A1 - Singer, Harvey S. A1 - Smit, Jan H. A1 - Stein, Dan J. A1 - Strengman, E. A1 - Tischfield, Jay A. A1 - Valencia Duarte, Ana V. A1 - Vallada, Homero A1 - Van Nieuwerburgh, Flip A1 - Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy A1 - Walitza, Susanne A1 - Wang, Ying A1 - Wendland, Jens R. A1 - Westenberg, Herman G. M. A1 - Shugart, Yin Yao A1 - Miguel, Euripedes C. A1 - McMahon, William A1 - Wagner, Michael A1 - Nicolini, Humberto A1 - Posthuma, Danielle A1 - Hanna, Gregory L. A1 - Heutink, Peter A1 - Denys, Damiaan A1 - Arnold, Paul D. A1 - Oostra, Ben A. A1 - Nestadt, Gerald A1 - Freimer, Nelson B. A1 - Pauls, David L. A1 - Wray, Naomi R. A1 - Stewart, S. Evelyn A1 - Mathews, Carol A. A1 - Knowles, James A. A1 - Cox, Nancy J. A1 - Scharf, Jeremiah M. T1 - Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture JF - PLoS Genetics N2 - The direct estimation of heritability from genome-wide common variant data as implemented in the program Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) has provided a means to quantify heritability attributable to all interrogated variants. We have quantified the variance in liability to disease explained by all SNPs for two phenotypically-related neurobehavioral disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS), using GCTA. Our analysis yielded a heritability point estimate of 0.58 (se = 0.09, p = 5.64e-12) for TS, and 0.37 (se = 0.07, p = 1.5e-07) for OCD. In addition, we conducted multiple genomic partitioning analyses to identify genomic elements that concentrate this heritability. We examined genomic architectures of TS and OCD by chromosome, MAF bin, and functional annotations. In addition, we assessed heritability for early onset and adult onset OCD. Among other notable results, we found that SNPs with a minor allele frequency of less than 5% accounted for 21% of the TS heritability and 0% of the OCD heritability. Additionally, we identified a significant contribution to TS and OCD heritability by variants significantly associated with gene expression in two regions of the brain (parietal cortex and cerebellum) for which we had available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Finally we analyzed the genetic correlation between TS and OCD, revealing a genetic correlation of 0.41 (se = 0.15, p = 0.002). These results are very close to previous heritability estimates for TS and OCD based on twin and family studies, suggesting that very little, if any, heritability is truly missing (i.e., unassayed) from TS and OCD GWAS studies of common variation. The results also indicate that there is some genetic overlap between these two phenotypically-related neuropsychiatric disorders, but suggest that the two disorders have distinct genetic architectures. KW - TIC disorders KW - missing heritability KW - complex diseases KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - common SNPS KW - gilles KW - family KW - brain KW - expression KW - autism Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127377 SN - 1553-7390 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Havik, Bjarte A1 - Degenhardt, Franziska A. A1 - Johansson, Stefan A1 - Fernandes, Carla P. D. A1 - Hinney, Anke A1 - Scherag, André A1 - Lybaek, Helle A1 - Djurovic, Srdjan A1 - Christoforou, Andrea A1 - Ersland, Kari M. A1 - Giddaluru, Sudheer A1 - O'Donovan, Michael C. A1 - Owen, Michael J. A1 - Craddock, Nick A1 - Mühleisen, Thomas W. A1 - Mattheisen, Manuel A1 - Schimmelmann, Benno G. A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Warnke, Andreas A1 - Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate A1 - Sinzig, Judith A1 - Albayrak, Özgür A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Nöthen, Markus M. A1 - Bramham, Clive R. A1 - Werge, Thomas A1 - Hebebrand, Johannes A1 - Haavik, Jan A1 - Andreassen, Ole A. A1 - Cichon, Sven A1 - Steen, Vidar M. A1 - Le Hellard, Stephanie T1 - DCLK1 Variants Are Associated across Schizophrenia and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder JF - PLoS One N2 - Doublecortin and calmodulin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is implicated in synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopment. Genetic variants in DCLK1 are associated with cognitive traits, specifically verbal memory and general cognition. We investigated the role of DCLK1 variants in three psychiatric disorders that have neuro-cognitive dysfunctions: schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar affective disorder (BP) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We mined six genome wide association studies (GWASs) that were available publically or through collaboration; three for BP, two for SCZ and one for ADHD. We also genotyped the DCLK1 region in additional samples of cases with SCZ, BP or ADHD and controls that had not been whole-genome typed. In total, 9895 subjects were analysed, including 5308 normal controls and 4,587 patients (1,125 with SCZ, 2,496 with BP and 966 with ADHD). Several DCLK1 variants were associated with disease phenotypes in the different samples. The main effect was observed for rs7989807 in intron 3, which was strongly associated with SCZ alone and even more so when cases with SCZ and ADHD were combined (P-value = 4x10\(^{-5}\) and 4x10\(^{-6}\), respectively). Associations were also observed with additional markers in intron 3 (combination of SCZ, ADHD and BP), intron 19 (SCZ+BP) and the 3'UTR (SCZ+BP). Our results suggest that genetic variants in DCLK1 are associated with SCZ and, to a lesser extent, with ADHD and BP. Interestingly the association is strongest when SCZ and ADHD are considered together, suggesting common genetic susceptibility. Given that DCLK1 variants were previously found to be associated with cognitive traits, these results are consistent with the role of DCLK1 in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. KW - psychosis KW - deficit hyperactivity disorder KW - genome-wide association KW - bipolar disorder KW - VAL66MET polymorphism KW - doublecortine-like KW - genes KW - kinase KW - BDNF KW - endophenotype Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135285 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Renner, Jan T1 - Restmonomergehalt von Kompositen bei Aushärtung mit unterschiedlichen Polymerisationsgeräten bzw. -verfahren in vitro N2 - Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Bestimmung der freigesetzten Bestandteile aus Kompositkunststoffen bei unterschiedlichen Bestrahlungsverfahren. Miteinander verglichen wurden die Halogenstandard-, die Halogensoftstarthärtung und die Plasmahärtung. Zudem sollten die initiale und die mittelfristige Monomerfreisetzung bzw. Wasseraufnahme verglichen werden. Es wurden die Hypothesen überprüft, dass Proben, die nach Softstart- oder Schnellhärtungsprotokollen belichtet worden waren, eine stärkere Monomerfreisetzung aufweisen und somit mehr von der Nachhärtung abhängen als konventionell gehärtete Komposite. Außerdem sollte festgestellt werden, ob die mittelfristige Löslichkeit bei verschiedenen Härtungsverfahren ähnlich ist, da die Nachhärtung ursprüngliche Defizite kompensieren soll. Schließlich sollte überprüft werden, ob eine fehlende Abstimmung zwischen den Absorptionseigenschaften der Photoinitiatoren und dem Emissionsspektrum von Lichtpolymerisationsgeräten die Polymerisation beeinträchtigt und folglich zu einer höheren initialen und mittelfristigen Löslichkeit führt. Insgesamt wurden fünf Komposite getestet, drei Feinkorn-Hybridkomposite [Herculite XRV (Kerr), Solitaire 2 (Kulzer) und Z 250 (3M)], ein inhomogenes Mikrofüllerkomposit [Silux Plus] und ein Ormocer [Keramikkomposit Definite (Degussa)]. Die Bestrahlungsprotokolle umfassten die Halogenstandardhärtung mit drei verschiedenen Intensitäten (TriLight, ESPE), die Exponentialpolymerisation (Ramp Curing) (dito), die Stufenpolymerisation (Step Curing) (HiLight, ESPE), die Pulspolymerisation (VIP Light, Bisco) und die Plasmahärtung (Apollo 95E, DMDS; Lightning Cure, ADT). Die initiale Löslichkeit wurde bestimmt, indem die Komposite in simulierte Kavitäten (Hohlzylinder-Formen mit 6 mm Innendurchmesser und 2 mm Höhe aus gepresster Keramik) gefüllt und 24 Stunden in demineralisiertem Wasser bei 37°C eluiert wurden. Die mittelfristige Löslichkeit wurde mittels reiner Komposit-Proben gleicher Größe bestimmt, die im Dunkeln bei 37°C für 24 Stunden gelagert und in 50% Methanol- Wasser-Gemisch bei 37°C für 72 Stunden extrahiert wurden. Nachdem die Proben auf ein konstantes Gewicht getrocknet waren, wurden Löslichkeit und Lösungsmittelaufnahme gravimetrisch bestimmt. Die mittelfristige Löslichkeit und Lösungsmittelaufnahme war in allen Versuchsreihen höher als die initiale. Die Bestrahlung mit verminderter Intensität hat die Löslichkeit und Lösungsmittelaufnahme im Vergleich zur Standardhärtung mit hoher Intensität erhöht. Dies war bei der Exponentialpolymerisation, der Stufenpolymerisation und der Pulspolymerisation (bei den meisten Materialien) nicht der Fall. Die Plasmahärtung funktionierte gut bei Z250 und Herculite XRV. Bei Silux Plus und Definite erzielte sie ähnliche Resultate wie die Halogenstandardhärtung bei mittlerer oder niedriger Intensität. Bei Solitaire 2 führte sie zu einer hohen (Lightning Cure) oder sehr hohen (Apollo 95E) Löslichkeit. Somit kann aus den Ergebnissen verallgemeinernd die Schlussfolgerung gezogen werden, dass eine Verringerung der Bestrahlungsintensität die Löslichkeit und Lösungsmittelaufnahme erhöht, Softstart-Protokolle jedoch nicht. Die Wirksamkeit der Plasmahärtung hängt in starkem Maß von der Art der verwendeten Photoinitiatoren ab. N2 - Objective of the present study was to determine the release of leachable components from resin based composites (RBC) after plasma arc vs. standard or soft-start halogen curing. The tested RBC were the fine hybrids Herculite XRV (Kerr), Solitaire 2 (Kulzer) and Z250 (3M), the micro-fill Silux Plus (3M) and the polysiloxane-containing Definite (Degussa). The irradiation protocols included halogen standard irradiation at three different intensities (TriLight, ESPE), ramp curing (dito), step curing (HiLight, ESPE), pulse polymerization (VIP Light, BISCO) and plasma curing (Apollo 95E, DMDS; PAC Light, ADT). Initial solubility was determined applying RBC into simulated cavities (molds of 6mm inner diameter and 2mm height fabricated from pressed ceramics) and eluting 24h in demineralized water at 37 degrees C. Medium-term solubility was evaluated using plain RBC specimens of equivalent dimensions stored dark (37 degrees C, 24h) and extracted in 50% CH(3)OH (37 degrees C, 72 h). After drying the specimens to constant weight, solubility and sorption were determined gravimetrically. Medium-term solubility/sorption were higher than initial ones. Irradiation at reduced intensity increased solubility and sorption, whereas ramp curing, step curing and pulse polymerization (for most materials) maintained low values. Plasma arc curing worked well for Z250 and Herculite XRV, compared to medium or low intensity halogen irradiation for Silux Plus and Definite and produced moderately (PAC Light) or very (Apollo 95E) high solubility for Solitaire 2. As conclusions can be drawn that reducing irradiation intensity does and soft-start protocols do not compromise solubility and sorption. The efficiency of plasma arc curing depends markedly on the types of photo-initiators used. KW - Komposit KW - Lichthärtung KW - Monomerfreisetzung KW - Löslichkeit KW - Polymerisationsverfahren KW - resin composite KW - light curing KW - solubility KW - sorption KW - elution Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-6378 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gernert, Michael A1 - Kiesel, Matthias A1 - Fröhlich, Matthias A1 - Renner, Regina A1 - Strunz, Patrick-Pascal A1 - Portegys, Jan A1 - Tony, Hans-Peter A1 - Schmalzing, Marc A1 - Schwaneck, Eva Christina T1 - High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Background Genital human papillomavirus (HPV)-infections are common in the general population and are responsible for relevant numbers of epithelial malignancies. Much data on the HPV-prevalence is available for secondary immunodeficiencies, especially for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. Little is known about the genital HPV-prevalence in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with PIDs and took genital swabs from male and female patients, which were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV-DNA. Clinical and laboratory data was collected to identify risk factors. Results 28 PID patients were included in this study. 10 of 28 (35.7%) had HPV-DNA in their genital swabs. 6 patients had high-risk HPV-types (21.4%). Most patients had asymptomatic HPV-infections, as genital warts were rare (2 of 28 patients) and HPV-associated malignancy was absent. Differences in the HPV-positivity regarding clinical PID-diagnosis, duration of PID, age, sex, immunosuppression, immunoglobulin replacement, or circumcision in males were not present. HPV-positive PID patients had higher numbers of T cells (CD3\(^+\)), of cytotoxic T cells (CD3\(^+\)/CD8\(^+\)), of transitional B cells (CD19\(^+\)/CD38\(^{++}\)/CD10\(^+\)/IgD\(^+\)), and of plasmablasts (CD19\(^+\)/CD38\(^+\)/CD27\(^{++}\)/IgD\(^-\)) compared to HPV-negative. Conclusion PID patients exhibit a high rate of genital HPV-infections with a high rate of high-risk HPV-types. Regular screening for symptomatic genital HPV-infection and HPV-associated malignancy in PID patients seems recommendable. KW - human papillomavirus KW - primary immunodeficiency KW - inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) KW - common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) KW - genital warts Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250273 SN - 1664-3224 VL - 12 ER -