TY - THES A1 - Schmidt, Simone T1 - Phosphorylid-Chemie an Niob(V)- und Tantal(V)-N-Organoimiden T1 - The Chemistry of Phosphorus Ylides in Organoimido Nb(V) and Ta(V) Complexes N2 - Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, höhervalente Imido- und Amidoverbindungen des Niobs und Tantals zu synthetisieren und deren Reaktivität gegenüber Phosphoryliden zu untersuchen. Klassische Phosphorylid-Komplexe des Typs [LnM-CHR-PR'3] (R = Alkyl, Aryl, etc.) sind in der Literatur zahlreiche beschrieben. Metall-substituierte Phosphorylide, so genannte a-Phosphoniomethyliden-Komplexe der Art [LnM=CH-PR3] sind dagegen vergleichsweise wenig untersucht, wobei sich die Arbeiten vor allem mit tetravalenten Metallocenderivaten der 4. Gruppe, des Urans sowie im eigenen Arbeitskreis mit den Elementen der VI. Nebengruppe und des Rheniums beschäftigen. Vertreter von Imidoyl-substituierten Ylidkomplexen des Niobs und Tantals, die isolobal zu den Metallocenen der IV. Nebengruppe und der Diimide der VI. Nebengruppe sind, waren dagegen zu Beginn dieser Studien gänzlich unbekannt. Im Vergleich zu den im eigenen Arbeitskreis hergestellten Molybdän- und Wolframverbindungen der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung [M(NtBu)2(CHPR3)R'] sollten Komplexe der 5. Gruppe [(h5-C5R5)M(NtBu)(CHPR3)R'] noch stärker polare und daher reaktivere Metall-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen enthalten. Diese galt es zu synthetisieren und in ihrer Reaktivität zu untersuchen. Die in dieser Arbeit beschriebenen Verbindungen umfassen Halbsandwichkomplexe des Typs [(h5-C5R5)M(NtBu)R'2] (M = Nb, Ta; R = H, Me), Metallocen-Imide [(h5-C5H5)2M(NtBu)Cl], Imido-verbrückten d1-Dimere [(h5-C5H5)M(m-NtBu)Cl]2, a-Phosphonio(methyliden)-Komplexe, den Bis-a-phosphonio(methyliden)-Komplex [(h5-C5Me5)Nb(NtBu)(CHPPh2Me)2], Ylid-Addukte [(h5-C5Me5)MCl4(CH2PPh3)], h2-Iminoacyl-, h2-Acyl-, Carboxylato-, Dithiocarboxylato-Komplexe gebildet durch Insertionsreaktionen an Ylid- und Amido-Komplexen, Biaryl-Metallacyclen durch Insertion von Ylid- und Amidokomplexen in diastereotope Biaryllactone, Bisimido-Tantalmetallate, Imido-Amido-Pyridin-Addukte [M(NtBu)(NHtBu)Cl2py2], der tris-Phosphonio(methyliden)-Komplex [Ta(NtBu)(CHPPh3)3. N2 - Targets of this thesis were the synthesis of high-valent imido and amido complexes of niobium and tantalum and the investigation of their reactivity towards phosphorus ylides. Transition metal complexes with neutral phosphorous ylide ligands [LnM-CHR-PR'3] (R = alkyl, aryl, etc.) are well known in the literature. Contrastingly, very little is known about metal substituted phosphorus ylides of the type [LnM=CH-PR3]. The chemistry of these so called a-phosphonio(methylidene) complexes is mainly focused on tetravalent metallocene derivatives of group 4, of uranium - and in the own scientific group - on the elements of group 6 and on rhenium. Ylide complexes of niobium and tantalum with organoimido ligands which are isolobal with metallocenes of group 4 and with bis-imido complexes of group 6 have been completely unknown at the beginning of these studies. With respect to molybdenum and tungsten complexes of the general formula [M(NtBu)2(CHPR3)R'] which have been prepared by our own group complexes of group 5 [(h5-C5R5)M(NtBu)(CHPR3)R'] should bare a more polar and therefore more reactive metal-carbon-bond. The compounds described in this presentation comprise half sandwich complexes [(h5-C5R5)M(NtBu)R’2], metallocen-imido complexes [(h5-C5H5)2M(NtBu)Cl], dinuclear complexes with bridging imido ligands [(h5-C5H5)M(m-NtBu)Cl]2, a-phosphonio(methylidene) complexes, the bis-a-phosphonio(methyliden) complex [(h5-C5Me5)Nb(NtBu)(CHPPh2Me)2], ylide-adducts [(h5-C5Me5)MCl4(CH2PPh3)], h2-iminoacyl-, h2-acyl-, carboxylato-, dithiocarboxylato-complexes formed via insertion reactions in ylide and amido complexes, biaryl metallacycles via insertion of ylide and amido complexes in diastereotopic biaryl lactones, bisimido tantalum metallates, imido amido pyridine adducts [M(NtBu)(NHtBu)Cl2py2], the tris-phosphonio(methyliden) complex [Ta(NtBu)(CHPPh3)3. KW - Niobverbindungen KW - Tantalverbindungen KW - Phosphorylide KW - Reaktivität KW - Niob KW - Tantal KW - Imido KW - Amido KW - Phosphorylide KW - niobium KW - tantalum KW - imido KW - amido KW - phosporus ylides Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-5498 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kann, Simone A1 - Blessmann, Joerg A1 - Winkelmann, Yvonne A1 - Hansen, Jessica A1 - Maya Amaya, Leonardo J. A1 - Rivera Salcedo, Gadith E. A1 - Halas, Hussein El A1 - Schmidt‐Chanasit, Jonas A1 - Keoviengkhone, Latdamone A1 - Sopraseuth, Vatsana A1 - Deschermeier, Christina A1 - Mika, Angela T1 - Dengue virus detection in Lao PDR and Colombia: Comparative evaluation of PCR tests JF - Tropical Medicine & International Health N2 - Objectives Dengue virus (DENV) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) facilitates diagnosis of dengue fever, which is the most frequent arboviral disease globally. Two studies were performed in countries with high dengue incidence, to assess the diagnostic performance of different PCR techniques. Methods/Results Two hundred and seventy‐nine acute phase blood samples from febrile patients were analyzed for DENV by the RealStar Dengue RT‐PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics) as gold standard in comparison with the Tropical Fever Core multiplex PCR (Fast Track Diagnostics). In total, 102 samples collected in Savannakhet Province (Lao PDR, Southeast Asia) in 2013 and 35 samples from Valledupar (Colombia, South America) tested positive for DENV by RealStar RT‐PCR. In comparison, the Tropical Fever Core multiplex PCR detected 65.0% (65/102) and 68.6% (24/35) of these samples as positive for DENV in Savannakhet and Valledupar, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the multiplex PCR strongly correlated with viral load. A subset of DENV PCR‐confirmed samples was additionally tested by BNITM in house Dengue Type RT‐PCR in comparison with two commercial test kits (RealStar Dengue Type RT‐PCR [Altona Diagnostics], Dengue differentiation PCR [Fast Track Diagnostics]). The leading dengue serotype in Savannakhet was DENV‐3 (58% [29/50]), while DENV‐1 (53.8% [14/26]) was the predominant serotype found in samples collected in Valledupar by BNITM‐type PCR. However, three DENV serotypes were circulating in Valledupar and in Savannakhet. In 2015, additional studies found predominantly DENV‐4 (71% [12/17]) in Savannakhet. Conclusions Both studies emphasized that routine diagnostics in both regions will benefit from an expanded use of highly sensitive pan‐dengue PCRs. KW - Colombia KW - dengue infections KW - dengue serotypes KW - Lao PDR KW - PCR diagnostics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262703 VL - 26 IS - 10 SP - 1296 EP - 1302 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goebeler, M. A1 - Bata-Csörgő, Z. A1 - Simone, C. de A1 - Didona, B. A1 - Remenyik, E. A1 - Reznichenko, N. A1 - Stoevesandt, J. A1 - Ward, E. S. A1 - Parys, W. A1 - Haard, H. de A1 - Dupuy, P. A1 - Verheesen, P. A1 - Schmidt, E. A1 - Joly, P. T1 - Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus with efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor: a phase II multicentre, open-label feasibility trial JF - British Journal of Dermatology N2 - Background Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus are potentially life-threatening autoimmune disorders triggered by IgG autoantibodies against mucosal and epidermal desmogleins. There is an unmet need for fast-acting drugs that enable patients to achieve early sustained remission with reduced corticosteroid reliance. Objectives To investigate efgartigimod, an engineered Fc fragment that inhibits the activity of the neonatal Fc receptor, thereby reducing serum IgG levels, for treating pemphigus. Methods Thirty-four patients with mild-to-moderate pemphigus vulgaris or foliaceus were enrolled in an open-label phase II adaptive trial. In sequential cohorts, efgartigimod was dosed at 10 or 25 mg kg\(^{-1}\) intravenously with various dosing frequencies, as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to low-dose oral prednisone. Safety endpoints comprised the primary outcome. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03334058). Results Adverse events were mostly mild and were reported by 16 of 19 (84%) patients receiving efgartigimod 10 mg kg\(^{-1}\) and 13 of 15 (87%) patients receiving 25 mg kg−1, with similar adverse event profiles between dose groups. A major decrease in serum total IgG and anti-desmoglein autoantibodies was observed and correlated with improved Pemphigus Disease Area Index scores. Efgartigimod, as monotherapy or combined with prednisone, demonstrated early disease control in 28 of 31 (90%) patients after a median of 17 days. Optimized, prolonged treatment with efgartigimod in combination with a median dose of prednisone 0·26 mg \(^{-1}\) per day (range 0·06–0·48) led to complete clinical remission in 14 of 22 (64%) patients within 2–41 weeks. Conclusions Efgartigimod was well tolerated and exhibited an early effect on disease activity and outcome parameters, providing support for further evaluation as a therapy for pemphigus. KW - pemphigus vulgaris KW - efgartigimod KW - pemphigus foliaceus Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258328 VL - 186 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Thomas S. B. A1 - Hayward, Matthew R. A1 - Coelho, Luiis P. A1 - Li, Simone S. A1 - Costea, Paul I. A1 - Voigt, Anita Y. A1 - Wirbel, Jakob A1 - Maistrenko, Oleksandr M. A1 - Alves, Renato J. C. A1 - Bergsten, Emma A1 - de Beaufort, Carine A1 - Sobhani, Iradj A1 - Heintz-Buschart, Anna A1 - Sunagawa, Shinichi A1 - Zeller, Georg A1 - Wilmes, Paul A1 - Bork, Peer T1 - Extensive transmission of microbes along the gastrointestinal tract JF - eLife N2 - The gastrointestinal tract is abundantly colonized by microbes, yet the translocation of oral species to the intestine is considered a rare aberrant event, and a hallmark of disease. By studying salivary and fecal microbial strain populations of 310 species in 470 individuals from five countries, we found that transmission to, and subsequent colonization of, the large intestine by oral microbes is common and extensive among healthy individuals. We found evidence for a vast majority of oral species to be transferable, with increased levels of transmission in colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients and, more generally, for species described as opportunistic pathogens. This establishes the oral cavity as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbial strains, and oral-fecal transmission as an important process that shapes the gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease. KW - Colonization KW - Annotation KW - Dynamics KW - Accurate KW - Strains KW - Barrier KW - Health KW - Acids KW - Research Article KW - Computational and Systems Biology KW - Microbiology and Infectious Disease KW - microbiome KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - colorectal cancer KW - rheumatoid arthritis KW - metagenomics Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228954 VL - 8 ER -