TY - JOUR A1 - Held, Matthias A1 - Hesse, Alexander A1 - Gött, Franziska A1 - Holl, Regina A1 - Hübner, Gudrun A1 - Kolb, Philipp A1 - Langen, Heinz Jakob A1 - Romen, Tobias A1 - Walter, Franziska A1 - Schäfers, Hans Joachim A1 - Wilkens, Heinrike A1 - Jany, Berthold T1 - A symptom-related monitoring program following pulmonary embolism for the early detection of CTEPH: a prospective observational registry study JF - BMC Pulmonary Medicine N2 - Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term complication following an acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages which is concerning as delayed treatment has important implications for favourable clinical outcome. Performing a follow-up examination of patients diagnosed with acute PE regardless of persisting symptoms and using all available technical procedures would be both cost-intensive and possibly ineffective. Focusing diagnostic procedures therefore on only symptomatic patients may be a practical approach for detecting relevant CTEPH. This study aimed to evaluate if a follow-up program for patients with acute PE based on telephone monitoring of symptoms and further examination of only symptomatic patients could detect CTEPH. In addition, we investigated the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) as a diagnostic tool. Methods In a prospective cohort study all consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PE (n=170, 76 males, 94 females within 26 months) were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were contacted via telephone and asked to answer standardized questions relating to symptoms. At the time of the final analysis 130 patients had been contacted. Symptomatic patients underwent a structured evaluation with echocardiography, CPET and complete work-up for CTEPH. Results 37.7%, 25.5% and 29.3% of the patients reported symptoms after three, six, and twelve months respectively. Subsequent clinical evaluation of these symptomatic patients saw 20.4%, 11.5% and 18.8% of patients at the respective three, six and twelve months time points having an echocardiography suggesting pulmonary hypertension (PH). CTEPH with pathological imaging and a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mm Hg at rest was confirmed in eight subjects. Three subjects with mismatch perfusion defects showed an exercise induced increase of PAP without increasing pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP). Two subjects with pulmonary hypertension at rest and one with an exercise induced increase of mPAP with normal PAOP showed perfusion defects without echocardiographic signs of PH but a suspicious CPET. Conclusion A follow-up program based on telephone monitoring of symptoms and further structured evaluation of symptomatic subjects can detect patients with CTEPH. CPET may serve as a complementary diagnostic tool. KW - follow-up KW - pulmonary embolism KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - pulmonary circulation KW - chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension KW - pulmonary artery pressure KW - pulmonary artery KW - cardiopulmonary exercise testing KW - dyspnea Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119281 VL - 14 ER - TY - THES A1 - Walter, Franziska T1 - Pharmakologische Postkonditionierung mit dem Sphingosin-1-Phosphat-Rezeptoragonisten FTY 720 nach myokardialer Ischämie/Reperfusion T1 - Pharmacological pre- and postconditioning with the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator FTY 720 after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion N2 - Einleitung: Mehrere ex vivo Studien zeigten zuletzt, dass Sphingosin-1-phosphate Schutz gegen myokardiale Ischämie/ Reperfusionsschaden verleihen [19], [20]. Der synthetische Sphingosin-1-phosphat-Rezeptoragonist FTY 720 war ebenso in der Lage, Entzündungsreaktionen in verschiedenen Krankheitsmodellen zu verringern [8]. Deshalb wollten wir die Hypothese prüfen, dass eine Behandlung mit FTY 720 zu einer Infarktgrößenreduktion nach myokardialer Ischämie/ Reperfusion in vivo führt. Methode: In männlichen Wistar Ratten wurde myokardiale Ischämie dadurch induziert, dass wir die linke Koronararterie für 45 min mittels Fadenligatur verschlossen. Nach 24 h wurde die Infarktgröße bestimmt und die Granulozyteninfiltration im Infarktgebiet festgestellt. Caspase 3 Aktivität und TNF- alpha Konzentration im Myokardgewebe wurden durch ELISA ermittelt. FTY 720 wurde vor Beginn der Reperfusion i. p. appliziert oder 24 h vor Reperfusionsbeginn und nochmals direkt vor Reperfusionsbeginn. Ergebnisse: Die einmalige Gabe von 0,5 mg/kg FTY 720 vor Reperfusion oder die zusätzliche Vorbehandlung der Tiere 24 Stunden vor der operativen Infarzierung reduzierte signifikant die periphere Lymphozytenanzahl. Sie nahm keinen Einfluss auf die Granulozytenanzahl im Blut. FTY 720 reduzierte die Granulozyteninfiltration und die TNF- alpha Konzentration der Borderzone. Es hatte aber keinen Effekt auf die myokardiale Caspase 3 Aktivität. Beide Behandlungsformen, weder die FTY 720- Gabe vor Reperfusionsbeginn noch die zweimalige FTY 720- Gabe waren in der Lage, Infarktgröße am Rattenherz zu reduzieren. FTY 720 erhöhte jedoch die Sterblichkeit der Ratten, wenn es einmalig vor Reperfusionsbeginn gegeben wurde, da es fatale myokardiale Arrhythmien induzierte. Zusammenfassung: Trotz seines antiinflammatorischen Effektes bei einmaliger Gabe von FTY 720 wurde die Sterblichkeit der Tiere durch Arrhythmieinduktion erhöht. Beide Behandlungsregimes konnten die Infarktgröße nicht reduzieren. N2 - Objective: Several recent experiments demonstrated that the Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 improves recovery of function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion ex vivo. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological postconditioning with FTY720 reduces infarct size after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in vivo. Methods: Myocardial ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by ligating the left coronary artery for 45 minutes. After 24 hours reperfusion, we determined infarct size by TTC staining and granulocyte infiltration by immunohistochemistry. Serum and myocardial TNF-α concentration was determined by ELISA. FTY720 (0.5 mg/ kg) was applied i.p. either once, with reperfusion, or twice, 24 hours before myocardial ischemia and before reperfusion. Results: In both groups, FTY720 significantly reduced peripheral lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. FTY720 treatment attenuated granulocyte infiltration and TNF-α protein expression in reperfused myocardium. However, both treatment regimens were not able to reduce infarct size. FTY720 increased mortality due to induction of fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias when administered once with reperfusion, but not when given 24 hours prior to ischemia. Conclusion: Despite anti-inflammatory effects, postconditioning treatment with FTY720 does not reduce infarct size but increases mortality during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Pre-treatment with FTY720 before ischemia abrogated the deleterious pro-arrhythmic effects without reducing infarct size KW - FTY 720 KW - Postkonditionierung KW - Ischämie/ Reperfusion KW - FTY 720 KW - Postconditioning KW - Ischemia/ Reperfusion Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46402 ER -