TY - THES A1 - Reutelshöfer, Jochen T1 - A Meta-Engineering Approach for Document-Centered Knowledge Acquisition T1 - Ein Meta-Engineering Ansatz für dokumentenzentrierte Wissensakquisition N2 - Today knowledge base authoring for the engineering of intelligent systems is performed mainly by using tools with graphical user interfaces. An alternative human-computer interaction para- digm is the maintenance and manipulation of electronic documents, which provides several ad- vantages with respect to the social aspects of knowledge acquisition. Until today it hardly has found any attention as a method for knowledge engineering. This thesis provides a comprehensive discussion of document-centered knowledge acquisition with knowledge markup languages. There, electronic documents are edited by the knowledge authors and the executable knowledge base entities are captured by markup language expressions within the documents. The analysis of this approach reveals significant advantages as well as new challenges when compared to the use of traditional GUI-based tools. Some advantages of the approach are the low barriers for domain expert participation, the simple integration of informal descriptions, and the possibility of incremental knowledge for- malization. It therefore provides good conditions for building up a knowledge acquisition pro- cess based on the mixed-initiative strategy, being a flexible combination of direct and indirect knowledge acquisition. Further it turns out that document-centered knowledge acquisition with knowledge markup languages provides high potential for creating customized knowledge au- thoring environments, tailored to the needs of the current knowledge engineering project and its participants. The thesis derives a process model to optimally exploit this customization po- tential, evolving a project specific authoring environment by an agile process on the meta level. This meta-engineering process continuously refines the three aspects of the document space: The employed markup languages, the scope of the informal knowledge, and the structuring and organization of the documents. The evolution of the first aspect, the markup languages, plays a key role, implying the design of project specific markup languages that are easily understood by the knowledge authors and that are suitable to capture the required formal knowledge precisely. The goal of the meta-engineering process is to create a knowledge authoring environment, where structure and presentation of the domain knowledge comply well to the users’ mental model of the domain. In that way, the approach can help to ease major issues of knowledge-based system development, such as high initial development costs and long-term maintenance problems. In practice, the application of the meta-engineering approach for document-centered knowl- edge acquisition poses several technical challenges that need to be coped with by appropriate tool support. In this thesis KnowWE, an extensible document-centered knowledge acquisition environment is presented. The system is designed to support the technical tasks implied by the meta-engineering approach, as for instance design and implementation of new markup lan- guages, content refactoring, and authoring support. It is used to evaluate the approach in several real-world case-studies from different domains, such as medicine or engineering for instance. We end the thesis by a summary and point out further interesting research questions consid- ering the document-centered knowledge acquisition approach. N2 - Ein Meta-Engineering Ansatz für dokumentenzentrierte Wissensakquisition KW - Wissenstechnik KW - Knowledge engineering KW - knowledge acquisition KW - knowledge-based systems KW - documents KW - authoring environment Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-107523 ER - TY - THES A1 - Furth, Sebastian T1 - Linkable Technical Documentation T1 - Verlinkbare Technische Dokumentation N2 - The success of semantic systems has been proven over the last years. Nowadays, Linked Data is the driver for the rapid development of ever new intelligent systems. Especially in enterprise environments semantic systems successfully support more and more business processes. This is especially true for after sales service in the mechanical engineering domain. Here, service technicians need effective access to relevant technical documentation in order to diagnose and solve problems and defects. Therefore, the usage of semantic information retrieval systems has become the new system metaphor. Unlike classical retrieval software Linked Enterprise Data graphs are exploited to grant targeted and problem-oriented access to relevant documents. However, huge parts of legacy technical documents have not yet been integrated into Linked Enterprise Data graphs. Additionally, a plethora of information models for the semantic representation of technical information exists. The semantic maturity of these information models can hardly be measured. This thesis motivates that there is an inherent need for a self-contained semantification approach for technical documents. This work introduces a maturity model that allows to quickly assess existing documentation. Additionally, the approach comprises an abstracting semantic representation for technical documents that is aligned to all major standard information models. The semantic representation combines structural and rhetorical aspects to provide access to so called Core Documentation Entities. A novel and holistic semantification process describes how technical documents in different legacy formats can be transformed to a semantic and linked representation. The practical significance of the semantification approach depends on tools supporting its application. This work presents an accompanying tool chain of semantification applications, especially the semantification framework CAPLAN that is a highly integrated development and runtime environment for semantification processes. The complete semantification approach is evaluated in four real-life projects: in a spare part augmentation project, semantification projects for earth moving technology and harvesting technology, as well as an ontology population project for special purpose vehicles. Three additional case studies underline the broad applicability of the presented ideas. N2 - Semantische Systeme haben in den letzten Jahren ihren Erfolg bewiesen. Linked Data ist heute der Treiber für die rasante Entwicklung immer neuer intelligenter Systeme. Insbesondere in Unternehmensumgebungen unterstützen semantische Systeme erfolgreich immer mehr Geschäftsprozesse. Dies gilt insbesondere für den After-Sales-Service im Maschinenbau. Hier benötigen Servicetechniker einen effektiven Zugang zu relevanter technischer Dokumentation, um Probleme und Defekte effizient zu diagnostizieren und zu lösen. Daher ist die Verwendung semantischer Information Retrieval Systeme zur neuen Systemmetapher geworden. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen Retrieval-Software werden Linked Enterprise Data Graphen genutzt, um einen gezielten und problemorientierten Zugriff auf relevante Dokumente zu ermöglichen. Große Teile der alten technischen Dokumente wurden jedoch noch nicht mit Enterprise Linked Data Graphen verknüpft. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Informationsmodellen zur semantischen Repräsentation technischer Informationen. Der semantische Reifegrad dieser Informationsmodelle war bisher kaum messbar. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass es einen inhärenten Bedarf an einem in sich geschlossenen Semantifizierungs-Ansatz für technische Dokumente gibt. Diese Arbeit stellt ein semantisches Reifegradmodell vor, das es ermöglicht, bestehende Dokumentationen schnell zu bewerten. Darüber hinaus umfasst der Ansatz eine abstrahierende semantische Darstellung für technische Dokumente, die auf alle wichtigen Standardinformationsmodelle abgestimmt ist. Die semantische Repräsentation kombiniert strukturelle und rhetorische Aspekte, um Zugang zu so genannten Core Documentation Entities zu ermöglichen. Ein neuartiger und ganzheitlicher Semantifizierungs-Prozess beschreibt, wie technische Dokumente in verschiedenen Legacy-Formaten in eine semantische und vernetzte Repräsentation transformiert werden können. Die praktische Bedeutung des Semantifizierungsansatzes hängt von Werkzeugen ab, die seine Anwendung unterstützen. Diese Arbeit stellt eine Software-Werkzeugbox von Semantifizierungs-Anwendungen vor, insbesondere das Semantifizierungs-Framework CAPLAN, eine hochintegrierte Entwicklungs- und Laufzeitumgebung für Semantifizierungs-Prozesse. Der vollständige Semantifizierungs-Aansatz wurde in vier realen Projekten evaluiert: einem Projekt zur semantischen Anreicherung von Ersatzteilinformationen, Semantifizierungs-Projekten für Erdbewegungstechnik und Erntetechnik sowie einem Ontologie-Populationsprojekt für Spezialfahrzeuge. Drei weitere Fallstudien unterstreichen die breite Anwendbarkeit der vorgestellten Ideen. KW - Technical Documentation KW - Semantic Search KW - Semantic Technologies KW - Linked Data KW - Linked Data KW - Semantische Analyse KW - Technische Unterlage Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-174185 ER -