TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Müller-Buchholtz, W. T1 - Down-regulation of xenophile antibodies by 15-deoxyspergualin in an experimental animal model N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44733 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winoto-Morbach, S. A1 - Krout, OS A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Lectin binding to acinar tissue for complete magnetophoretic purification of porcine pancreatic islets depends on the composition and pH of the incubation medium N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45183 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Influence of porcine strain, age, and pH of the isolation medium on porcine pancreatic islet isolation success N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45171 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kekow, J. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. A1 - Gross, WL T1 - Pancreas transplantation: a study of insulin secretion in isolated islets of Langerhans and in sera using a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45229 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falk, W. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - 15-Deoxyspergualin (a new guanidine-like drug) blocks T lymphocyte proliferation N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45215 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Kaitschick, J. A1 - Bartlett, R. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Suppression of natural xenophile antibodies with the novel immunomodulating drug leflunomide N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45202 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Keller, R. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Vorkommen und Manipulation von MHC Klasse II Antigenen auf Zellen isolierter Langerhans-Inseln T1 - Presence and manipulation of MHC class II antigens on isolated island of Langerhans cells N2 - No abstract available KW - Langerhans-Inseln Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45499 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winoto-Morbach, S. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Hering, BJ A1 - Leyhausen, G. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Lectins for electromagnetic purification of islets from humans and large mammals N2 - No abstract available KW - Chirurgie Y1 - 1990 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45430 ER - TY - THES A1 - Eich, Kilian Philipp Johannes T1 - Untersuchungen in vitro zur therapeutischen Wertigkeit von 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzochinonen im Supportivprodukt Avemar T1 - In vitro investigations into the therapeutic role of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinones in Avemar, a medical nutriment with supportiv value N2 - Avemar ist ein fermentierter Weizenkeimextrakt mit einem hohen Gehalt an 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzochinonen. Der ungarische Nobelpreisträger Albert Szent-Györgyi zeigte in den 1980er Jahren für diese Benzochinone, dass sie langlebige Semichinonradikale mit starker zytotoxischer Wirkung in Gegenwart geeigneter Elektronendonoren wie Ascorbinsäure bilden. Weizenkeime stellen eine natürliche Quelle für Benzochinone dar, zudem ist eine zytotoxische Wirkung von Avemar auf Tumorzellen belegt. Ebenso wurde die supportive Wirkung von Avemar für onkologische Patienten gezeigt. In der Literatur wird die zelltoxische Wirkung von Avemar als Ergebnis des hohen Anteils an Benzochinonen diskutiert, wobei dies bislang experimentell nicht eindeutig bestätigt ist. Die Wirkung von Avemar wurde an 12 malignen und 3 benignen Zelllinien in vitro untersucht. Dazu wurden Konzentrationen von 0,1; 1; 10 und 50 mg/mL Avemar nach einer Inkubationszeit von 24 Stunden untersucht. Der Anteil vitaler Zellen wurde mit dem Kristallviolett-Assay bestimmt. Um Aussagen zur Dauer der Avemarwirkung machen zu können, wurde ebenfalls die Vitalität der Zellen in Avemar-freiem Medium nach einer weiteren Kultivierung für 24 bzw. 48 Stunden bestimmt. Die zytotoxische Wirkung von Benzochinonen als Rein- bzw. Referenzsubstanz und als Bestandteil von Avemar wurde miteinander verglichen. Während die Referenzsubstanz für sämtliche getesteten Zelllinien stark zytotoxisch war, wies Avemar unterschiedliche Effekte auf. Der Einfluss von Avemar auf die unter-schiedlichen Zelllinien wurde mit Hilfe der effektiven Konzentration quantifiziert. Dieser EC50-Wert ist die Konzentrationan Avemar, die nach einer Inkubation von 24 Stunden zu einem Effekt bei 50 % der Zellen führt. Eine Konzentration von 50 mg/mL Avemar war für nahezu sämtliche getesteten Zelllinien zytotoxisch, während eine Konzentration von 10 mg/mL Avemar bei 6 von 15 Zelllinien zytotoxisch, bei 8 von 15 Zelllinien zytostatisch und bei 1 von 15 Zelllinienwachstumsverzögernd wirkte. Zu den Zelllinien mit den niedrigsten EC50-Werten von unter 10 mg/mL Avemar gehören die beiden Pankreaskarzinomzelllinien ASPC-1 und BxPC-3 sowie die beiden Mammakarzinomzelllinien MDA-MB-231 und MDA-MB-468. Der zytostatische Effekt von Avemar wurde bei EC50-Werten zwischen 6 und 32 mg/mL Avemar beobachtet. Bei diesen Zellen stagnierte der Anteil vitaler Zellen in der Nachbeobachtung oder nahm kontinuierlich weiter ab. Der wachstumsverzögernde Effekt von Avemar wurde bei der Zelllinie HRT-18 mit einem EC50-Wert von 10,23 mg/mL Avemar beobachtet. Zusätzlich zu den zwölf malignen Zelllinien wurden auch die drei benignen Zelllinien HUVEC, NHDF-p und J 774.3 untersucht. Während HUVEC und NHDF-p einen EC50-Wert von weit über 10 mg/mL aufweisen, reagieren die Zellen der murinen Makrophagenzelllinie J 774.3 mit einem EC50-Wert von 4,9 mg/mL Avemar weitaus empfindlicher auf die Inkubation mit Avemar. Die Wirkung von Avemar auf benignen Zelllinien ist somit nicht eindeutig abzuschätzen. Umso bemerkenswerter sind Daten verschiedener klinischer Studien, die bisher über keine toxischen Nebenwirkungen berichten. Das Wirkmolekül von Benzochinonen sind Semichinonradikale bzw. reaktive Sauerstoffspezies. Um die Bildung von Semichinonradikalen auszulösen, sind Elektronendonoren wie Ascorbinsäure notwendig. Dies gilt für Benzochinone als Referenzsubstanz, nicht aber für Benzochinone in Avemar. Die zytotoxische Wirkung der Benzochinone als Referenzsubstanz wurde durch Zugabe von Katalase bzw. N-Acetylcystein nahezu vollständig aufgehoben. Katalase und N-Acetylcystein zerstören Wasserstoffperoxid, was bestätigt, dass an der zytotoxischen Wirkung von Benzochinonen Wasserstoffperoxid beteiligt ist. Für Benzochinone in Avemar wurde dies nicht beobachtet. Somit wurde erstmals gezeigt, dass Benzochinone mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht für die zytotoxische Wirkung von Avemar verantwortlich sind. Die Suche nach dem Hauptwirkmechanismus von Avemar darf deshalb als noch nicht abgeschlossen gelten. N2 - Avemar is a fermented wheat germ extract containing 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinones. The Hungarian Nobel laureate Albert Szent-Györgyi showed in the 1980s for these benzoquinones to form long-lived semiquinone radicals with strong cytotoxic effect in the presence of suitable electron donors such as ascorbic acid. Wheat germs are a natural source of benzoquinones and a cytotoxic effect of Avemar on tumor cells has been already shown. Similarly, the supportive effect of Avemar for cancer patients has been demonstrated. In the literature, the cytotoxic effect of Avemar is discussed as a result of the high proportion of benzoquinones, although this is not yet experimentally confirmed inconclusive. The effect of Avemar was investigated in 12 malignant and 3 benign cell lines in vitro. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of Avemar (0,1; 1; 10 and 50 mg/ml) for 24 hours and cell viability was determined with crystal violet assay. In order to make statements about the duration of the effect of Avemar, also the viability of the cells was determined after a further period of 24 or 48 hours in Avemar-free medium. The cytotoxic effect of benzoquinones as pure substance and as part of Avemar was compared. While the pure substance was strongly cytotoxic to all cell lines tested, Avemar had different effects. The effect of Avemar on the different cell lines was quantified using EC50 values. This EC50 value is the concentration of Avemar that results in an effect in 50% of cells after 24 hours incubation. A concentration of 50 mg/ml Avemar was cytotoxic for nearly all cell lines tested, whereas a concentration of 10 mg/ml resulted in a cytotoxic effect for 6 of 15 cell lines, in a cytostatic effect for 8 of 15 cell lines and in a growth retarding effect for 1 of 15 cell lines. Cell lines with the lowest EC50 values of less than 10 mg/ml Avemar were the two pancreatic cancer cell lines ASPC-1 and BxPC-3 and the two breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. The cytostatic effect of Avemar was observed at EC50 values between 6 and 32 mg/ml Avemar. In these cells, the proportion of viable cells in the follow-up stagnated or decreased continuously on. The growth retarding effect of Avemar was observed in the cell line HRT-18 with an EC50 value of 10,23 mg/ml Avemar. In addition to the twelve malignant cell lines the three benign cell lines HUVEC, NHDF-p, and J 774.3 were examined. While HUVEC and NHDF-p exhibit an EC50 value of more than 10 mg/ml, the cells of the murine macrophage cell line J 774.3 are more sensitive with an EC50 value of 4,9 mg/ml Avemar. At this time the effect of Avemar on benign cell lines is not clear. All the more remarkable is data of various clinical studies that report so far no toxic side effects. The active molecules of benzoquinones are semiquinone radicals or reactive oxygen species. To trigger the formation of semiquinone radicals, electron donors such as ascorbic acid are necessary. This applies to benzoquinones as pure substance, but not for benzoquinones in Avemar. The cytotoxic effect of benzoquinones as pure substance was almost completely abolished by the addition of catalase or N-acetyl cysteine. Catalase and N-acetyl cysteine are able to destroy hydrogen peroxide, which confirms, that the cytotoxic effect of benzoquinones as pure substance involves hydrogen peroxide. For benzoquinones in Avemar this was not observed. Thus, it is highly probably that benzoquinones are not responsible for the cytotoxic effect of Avemar. This was shown for the first time. The active molecules in Avemar are still unknown. Therefore further investigations are necessary. KW - Benzochinone KW - Oxidativer Stress KW - Weizenkeim KW - Nahrungsergänzungsmittel KW - Onkologie KW - Avemar KW - Supportivprodukt KW - Benzochinone KW - Weizenkeimextrakt KW - supportive agent KW - benzoquinones KW - wheat germ extract KW - oxidative stress Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-101640 ER - TY - THES A1 - Richwien, Daniela Maria T1 - Retrospektive Analyse zur Bewertung der Vena femoralis als Bypassmaterial beim tiefen Protheseninfekt T1 - Retrospectiv analysis of the deep vein as a bypass material for reconstruction after a deep prostetic vascular graft infection N2 - Einleitung: Die Protheseninfektion ist in der Gefäßchirurgie eine seltene, aber gefürchtete Komplikation, da sie bis dato immer noch mit einer hohen Mortalität und Morbidität einhergeht. Protheseninfektionen werden in verschiedenen Klassifikationen dargestellt. Die Pathophysiologie des Infektes verläuft über die Aktivierung des Immunsystems und die Fähigkeit der Erreger, sich vor den Angriffen des Immunsystems zu schützen. Dabei ist der häufigste Kontaminationsweg die lokale Kontamination im OP-Gebiet. Der häufigste Erreger stellt der Biofilm bildende Staphylococcus aureus dar. Nach präoperativer Diagnostik erfolgt die vollständige Explantation der infizierten Gefäßprothese mit lokalem radikalem Debridement des Entzündungsgewebes und Wiederherstellung der Perfusion. Für diesen Gefäßersatz stehen verschiedene Materialien zur Verfügung. Material und Methoden: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, retrospektiv die Therapie der tiefen Protheseninfektion mittels autologer In-Situ-Rekonstruktion durch die V. femoralis superficialis im Zeitraum von September 2003 bis Juni 2010 an der Universitätsklinik in Würzburg zu analysieren. Es wurden insgesamt 24 Patienten behandelt. Es erfolgte eine detaillierte Aufarbeitung der Krankengeschichte, der mikrobiologischen Befunde, sowie der Operationsberichte und Folgeeingriffe. Des Weiteren wurde eine Kontrolluntersuchung im Rahmen der gefäßchirurgischen Sprechstunde durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: 20 Männer und vier Frauen wurden aufgrund einer Protheseninfektion (6x Frühinfekt, 14x Spätinfekt, 2x persistierender Infekt) operiert, nachdem ihnen eine aortoiliacale, aortofemorale oder iliacofemorale Kunststoffprothese zur Behandlung einer pAVK, eines Aneurysmas, oder aufgrund beider Entitäten implantiert worden war. Am häufigsten zeigte sich als klinisches Erstsymptom eine inguinale Wundheilungsstörung. Lymphfisteln und Infektblutungen belegten Platz zwei und drei. Jedes Mal wurde die V. femoralis superficialis (11x beidseits, 13x einseitig) entnommen, in acht Fällen kombiniert mit der V. saphena magna. 23x erfolgte die Rekonstruktion der Perfusion in-situ, lediglich einmal als extraanatomischer Obturator-Bypass. Bei 19 Patienten (79,2%) konnte ein Pathogen nachgewiesen werden, bei fünf Patienten (20,8%) nicht. In 54,2% der Fälle lag eine Monoinfektion vor, bei 12,5% eine Mischinfektionen. Der häufigste Erreger mit 25% Anteil war Staphylococcus aureus, zweimal gelang der Nachweis eines MRSA. Insgesamt kam es bei sieben Patienten zum Nachweis eines gram-positiven Pathogens, bei sechs Patienten eines gram-negativen Pathogens, was der allgemeinen Entwicklung entspricht. Bei elf Patienten (45,8%) kam es zu einer postoperativen inguinalen Wundheilungsstörung. Deshalb erfolgten auch die meisten Folgeeingriffe mit chirurgischer Wundtoilette, Vakuum-Okklusiv-Verband, Sekundärnaht oder Meshgraft-Deckung als definitiven Wundverschluss. Fünf Patienten (20,8%) erlitten eine periphere Ischämie bzw. einen Bypass-Verschluss. Davon wurden zwei Patienten auf Höhe des Oberschenkels amputiert. Ein Viertel der Patienten verstarb noch während des stationären Aufenthaltes. Das Gesamtüberleben am untersuchten Patientengut betrug bei Durchführung dieser Doktorarbeit die Zahl zehn. Sieben Patienten stellten sich zur Kontrolluntersuchung vor, dreien war dies nur schriftlich möglich. Zweimal erfolgte poststationär eine Ischämie-bedingte Majoramputation. Alle Patienten waren infektfrei. Ein Patient erhielt eine PTA bei Stenose der A. femoralis superficialis rechts nach autologem aortobifemoralem Ersatz. Nach Venenentnahme besteht jedoch bei fünf von sieben Patienten ein mildes bis mittelschweres Phlebödem (1-2cm Umfangszunahme am Knöchel) nach Porter. Zwei Patienten erhalten bis dato eine Lymphdrainage. Zusammenfassung: Die Protheseninfektion ist eine technische Herausforderung, insbesondere wenn die Aorta mitbetroffen ist. Die V. femoralis superficialis erscheint aktuell die erste Wahl bei Notwendigkeit eines großlumigen Gefäßersatzes zu sein. Sie garantiert bis dato eine Infektfreiheit und eine nahezu hundertprozentige Offenheitsrate. Jedoch ist eine präoperative Patientenselektion aufgrund der generell hohen Mortalität und Morbidität durchzuführen und es sind alle Alternativen zu prüfen, um im Individualfall die bestmögliche Lösung für Patient und behandelnden Arzt zu finden. Denn zur Behandlung einer Protheseninfektion gibt es zurzeit noch keinen Goldstandard. Ob es bei dieser komplexen Art der Erkrankung jedoch jemals EINEN Goldstandard geben wird, ist zu bezweifeln. Weitere Diskussionen und Entwicklungen werden und müssen folgen. N2 - Introduction: The prostectic vascular graft infection is a rare, but dreaded complication, connected to a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The prostetic vascular graft infections are divided in different classifications. The pathophysiology depends on the activation of the immun system and the defence strategies of the pathogen to hide from it. The most common way of contamination is intraoperativ. The most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus, which is able to built a biofilm. After the whole praeoperativ diagnostic the infected prostetic vascular graft is explanted including a radicale surgigal debridement of the surrounded tissue and the Perfusion is reconstructed again. There are different materials for this vascular Bypass. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively the therapy of the deep prostetic vascular graft infection with the autologes deep vein in-situ-reconstruction from septembre 2003 to june 2010 at the surgical departement I at the University Hospital in Würzburg. 24 patients has been treated. The patients were analysed by their history of sickness, microbiology, typs of operation and the following revisions. There was a follow-up during the vascular consultation hour. Results: 20 men and 4 women were treated because of a deep prostetic vascular graft infection (6x early infect, 14 late infect, 2 persistend infect) after having a surgery with aortoiliacal, aortofemoral or iliacofemoral Bypass in case of peripheral vascular occlusive desease or in case of an abdominal aneurysm or because of both. The most common clinic Symptome in case of infection was a inguinal wound with secretion. Second and third place has been a lymphozyste oder a bleeding. Every time the deep vein namened V. femoralis superficialis was harvested, 8 times with the V. saphena magna. The reconstruction for Perfusion was 23 times an in-situ- reconstruction, only one time an extra-anatomic Obuturator-Bypass. There was a positiv microbiolgy in 19 cases (79,2%), in 5 cases a negative (20,8%). In 54,2 % there was a mono-infection, in 12,5 % a mixed one. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, 2 times with MRSA. 7 patients had a gram positive pathogen, and 7 a gram negative, which is simillar to the General developement of microbiolocigal findings. 11 patients had again a bad wound healing with the most following operations with wound debridement, vacuum-occlusive-therapy, secondary wound closure or meshgraft. 5 Patient had a peripheral ischaemie. 2 Patients had to underwent a Major Amputation. 25% of the patients died during the Hospital stay. There were 10 patients for the follow-up, 3 only by questionnaires and phone calls. There were two more Major amputations postoperative. All patients were free of infection. Only one Patient had to underwent a percutane angioplastie of Stenosis of the anastomosis. After vein harvesting there is a mild to severe lymphedema in 5 of 7 patients, two patients still need Manual lymphmassage. Conclusion: The prostectic vascular graft infection is a technical challenge especially when the distal Aorta is infected, too. The deep vein V. femoralis superficialis is at the Moment the first choice for a Bypass material with a big Diameter. Nearly 100% freedom of infect and patency are garanted. But a stricte praeoperative selection of the patients is necessary because of the high rates of mortality and morbidity. Every alternative method should be included to get the best Treatment in every individual case. Unfortunatelly there is no Goldstandard for the diagnostic and therapy for the deep prostetic vascular graft infection. More Discussion and Research must follow to develope such a Standard. KW - Gefäßprothese KW - In-situ-Venenbypass KW - Gefäßprotheseninfektion KW - Biofilm KW - Autologer In-Situ-Venenbypass Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-93318 ER - TY - THES A1 - Liebetrau, Dominik T1 - Inzidenz von Narbenhernien nach xiphopubischer Laparotomie beim Aortenaneurysma im Vergleich zu benignen kolorektalen Eingriffen: Eine retrospektive Matched Control Kohorten-Studie T1 - Incidence of incisional hernia after xiphopubic laparotomy during aortic aneurysm compared to benign colorectal surgery: a retrospective matched control cohort study N2 - Hintergrund: Narbenhernien stellen nach Operationen ein unerwünschtes Ereignis dar. Dabei werden in der Literatur verschiedene Theorien zur Entstehung diskutiert. Sowohl beim Aortenaneurysma als auch bei der Narbenhernie soll das Kollagen ein entscheidender Faktor in der Entstehung. Historisch wird von ausgegangen das Patienten mit einem Aortenaneurysma auch ein erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Narbenhernie haben. Aus diesem Grund vergleichen wir die Inzidenzrate zwischen Patienten mit Aortenaneurysmen und Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Eingriff um Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren. Methoden: Diese Studie ist eine retrospektive „Matched Control“ Kohorten-Studie. Es wurden alle Patienten eingeschlossen die sich zwischen dem 01.01.2006 und dem 31.12.2008 an der chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg an einem Aortenaneurysma oder einem kolorektalen Eingriff unterzogen haben. Ergebnisse: In unserer Studie konnten wir eine Gesamtinzidenzrate von 17,2% nachweisen. In der Gruppe der Aortenaneurysmen bestand eine Inzidenzrate von 13,9%, in der Gruppe der Kolorektalen Eingriffe von 25,9%. Es bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen bezüglich der Inzidenzrate von Narbenhernien Schlussfolgerung: Es besteht kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Vergleichsgruppen. In der Gruppe der Aortenaneurysmen war die Inzidenzrate sogar geringer. N2 - Background: Incisional hernias represent after surgeries an adverse event dar. Various theories on the development are discussed in the literature. Both the aortic aneurysm as well as the hernia , the collagen is a crucial factor in the development . Historically sumed that patients with aortic aneurysms have an increased risk for developing a hernia . For this reason, we compare the incidence rate between patients with aortic aneurysms and patients with colorectal intervention to identify risk factors. Methods: This study is a retrospective " Matched Control" cohort study. It all patients were included who 01.01.2006 and 31.12.2008 subjected between the Surgical University Clinic Würzburg on a aortic aneurysm or colorectal surgery. Results: In our study , we demonstrated an overall incidence rate of 17.2%. In the group of aortic aneurysms was an incidence rate of 13.9 % , in the group of colorectal surgery of 25.9 %. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of incisional hernias Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the two comparison groups. In the group of aortic aneurysms , the incidence rate was even lower. KW - Narbenhernie KW - incisional hernia KW - Aortenaneurysma KW - kolorektal KW - Bauchdeckenverschluss KW - Risikofaktoren KW - aortic aneurysm KW - colorectal abdominal closure KW - riskfaktors Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-98061 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gerstner, Sabine T1 - Das Sarkom der Extremität und des Retroperitoneums: Eine retrospektive Analyse T1 - Sarcoma of the extrenity and retroperitoneum: A retrospective analysis N2 - Maligne Weichgewebstumoren des Erwachsenenalters sind mit 1% aller Malignome sehr selten und können grundsätzlich in allen Körperregionen entstehen. Trotz aller Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Therapie besteht unverändert eine schlechte Prognose. Diese ist einerseits in der zum Teil aggressiven Biologie und andererseits durch das Fehlen früher Symptome begründet. In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie wurden die Krankenakten von insgesamt 82 Patienten analysiert, die im Zeitraum von 1989 bis 2003 aufgrund eines malignen Weichteilsarkoms in der Chirurgischen Klinik und Poliklinik der Universität Würzburg primär behandelt wurden. Aufgrund der doch deutlich schlechteren Prognose von Patienten mit retroperitonealen Sarkomen im Vergleich zu Patienten mit Sarkomen der Extremität, erfolgte getrennt in diese beiden Hauptgruppen die Analyse der relevanten klinisch-epidemiologischen Parameter sowie die Darstellung der onkologisch relevanten Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Rezidivrate und Überleben nach multimodaler Therapie. Die Gegenüberstellung von Extremitätensarkomen und Sarkomen des Retroperitoneums zeigt deren unterschiedlichen Krankheitsverlauf. Patienten mit Extremitätensarkomen können von einer kombinierten Therapie aus chirurgischer Resektion und Strahlentherapie im Hinblick auf die Lokalrezidivrate profitieren. Ihre Prognose wird bestimmt durch das Auftreten von pulmonalen Metastasen. Patienten mit retroperitonealen Sarkomen können weit weniger häufig strahlentherapeutisch behandelt werden. Zudem führt eine anatomisch bedingte eingeschränkte Resektionsfähigkeit häufiger zum Lokalrezidiv, das dann prognoseentscheidend ist. Die in 2002 neu überarbeitete TNM-Stadieneinteilung der UICC bietet für die retroperitonealen Sarkome keine Verbesserung. Nur Malignitätsgrad und An- bzw. Abwesenheit von Fernmetastasen stehen hier als Kriterien zur Verfügung. Van Dalen formulierte ein Klassifikationssystem, welches die Resektionsradikalität als zusätzliches Kriterium berücksichtigt. Die von ihm definierten Gruppen unterscheiden sich in unserem Patientengut signifikant in ihrem Langzeitüberleben. Wie bereits bei den GIST in exemplarischer Weise verwirklicht, könnten Fortschritte in der Molekularbiologie und Zytogenetik neue Therapieoptionen aufzeigen, welche die nach wie vor schlechte Prognose für Patienten mit Weichteilsarkomen verbessern helfen. N2 - Soft-tissue sarcomas are a relatively rare disease accounting for approximately 1% of adult malignancies. In principle they can occur in all body regions. Despite all the advances in diagnosis and therapy, there is still a poor prognosis. The reasons are an aggressive tumor biology and also the lack of early symptoms. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the medical records of 82 patients who underwent surgery for soft tissue sarcoma in our institution between 1989 and 2003. Patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas have compared to patients with sarcomas of the extremity a significantly worse prognosis. Therefore, we analysed separately the following parameters for these two groups: the relevant clinical and epidemiological data and the presentation of the relevant oncologic results in terms of recurrent disease and survival after multimodal therapy. Our results for sarcoma of the extremity and retroperitoneal sarcoma illustrate their different clinical course. Patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity can benefit from a combined therapy of surgical resection and radiation therapy in view of local recurrence rate. Their prognosis is determined by the occurrence of pulmonary metastases. Patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma can be treated far less with radiation therapy. An anatomically-related limited resectability often leads to local recurrence, which determines the prognosis. The TNM/UICC staging system was revised in 2002. It offers no improvement for retroperitoneal sarcoma. 2004 Van Dalen presented a postsurgical classification system based on grade, completeness of resection, and distant metastasis. We assigned our patients to van Dalen´s classification system. The so-defined groups showed significant difference in their long-term survival. Advances in molecular biology and cytogenetics may provide new therapeutic options, which help to improve the poor prognosis for soft tissue sarcoma patients, already happened with GIST. KW - Weichteilsarkom KW - Überleben KW - Rezidiv KW - Weichteilsarkome des Retroperitoneums KW - Weichteilsarkome der Extremität KW - Überlebensrate KW - Soft tissue sarcoma KW - retroperitoneal sarcoma KW - sarcoma of the extremity KW - survival rate KW - recurrence Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-53719 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bourdet, Patric T1 - Entwicklung einer auf Antikörpern basierten Therapie von chirurgischen Infektionen verursacht durch methicillinresistente und -sensible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA und MSSA) T1 - Development of an antibody based therapy of surgical infections caused by methicillinresistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) N2 - Staphylococcus aureus ist einer der häufigsten Erreger von nosokomialen Infektionen. Diese grampositiven Bakterien verursachen neben harmlosen oberflächlichen Hautinfektionen auch lebensbedrohliche Systeminfektionen. Ein großes Problem in der Therapie von S. aureus-Infektionen stellen die zunehmenden Multiresistenzen dar. Die Entwicklung neuer Antibiotika wird zukünftig wahrscheinlich nicht ausreichen, da immer wieder neue Resistenzen der Bakterien zu erwarten sind. Es besteht daher dringender Bedarf an der Entwicklung alternativer Therapieformen im Kampf gegen multiresistente Problemkeime wie S. aureus. Eine Möglichkeit besteht in der Immuntherapie, zum Beispiel durch Gewinnung von monoklonalen Antikörpern gegen geeignete Targetstrukturen von S. aureus. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, zunächst zwei Proteine IsaA und IsaB herzustellen, um diese Proteine für Immunisierungsstudien zu nutzen. Zunächst wurde das gereinigte IsaA-Protein verwendet, um ein Kaninchen zu immunisieren. Mit den daraus gewonnenen Antikörpern wurden dann erste Tierversuche begonnen, um die Bedingungen für den therapeutischen Einatz von gegen IsaA-gerichteten Antikörpern zu ermitteln und die Wirksamkeit einer Antikörper-Behandlung zu evaluieren. Für die Herstellung der gewünschten Proteine wurden die Gensequenzen zunächst aus verschiedenen S. aureus-Stämmen mittels PCR amplifiziert und in den kommerziellen Expressionsvektor pQE30 kloniert. Die amplifizierte Gensequenz stammt aus den klinischen Stämmen 418 (IsaA) bzw. 134 (IsaB). Nach der Klonierung wurden geeignete Expressions- und Reinigungsstrategien entwickelt. Dabei wurden folgende Bedingungen als optimal für Wachstum und Überexpression herausgearbeitet: IsaA: Induktion der Überexpression mit 100 µM IPTG, 3 h Wachstum bei 37°C. IsaB: Induktion der Überexpression mit 100 µM IPTG, 4 h Wachstum bei 37°C. Es stellte sich auch heraus, dass IsaA zunächst in nur unzureichender Quantität vorhanden bzw. exprimiert worden war. Die Vermutung, dass IsaA überwiegend im Pellet in sogenannten Einschlusskörpern (inclusion bodies) eingeschlossen war, erklärte dieses Phänomen. Das Protein konnte erfolgreich aus dem Pellet isoliert werden. Die Produktion und Aufreinigung beider Proteine IsaA und IsaB unter optimierten Bedingungen ergab, dass beide Proteine nun in ausreichender Menge und Konzentration für die folgende Immunisierung und die weiteren Arbeiten vorlagen. Aus Kaninchen, die mit IsaA immunisiert wurden, konnten polyklonale Antikörper gewonnen werden, die die Grundlage für einen ersten Tierversuch mit 24 Ratten bildeten. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass die Tiere, die mit 1.000.000.000 Bakterien infiziert worden waren deutlich stärkere Infektionszeichen aufwiesen als diejenigen, die mit 100.000.000 Bakterien infiziert worden waren. Weiterhin wurde deutlich, dass die Tiere, die Serum (mit Antikörper gegen IsaA) erhalten hatten, gegenüber den Vergleichstieren mit Placebo einen deutlichen Vorteil hinsichtlich Infektionszeichen und Immunantwort hatten. Somit belegen die tierexperimentiellen Ergebnisse in dieser Arbeit erstmalig den therapeutischen Nutzen von Antikörpern gegen IsaA. IsaA ist demnach ein geeignetes Target für eine Immuntherapie gegen S. aureus. N2 - Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial infections. These grampositive bacteria not only cause harmless superficial skin infections but also life threatening systemic infections. A huge problem in therapy of S. aureus infections is the increasing rate of multiresistance. The development of new antibiotics will probably not be sufficient in the future because new resistance in bacteria is to expect. Therefore there is urgent need for alternative therapies fighting multiresistant bacteria such as S. aureus. One approach is immunotherapy, e.g. by production of monoclonal antibodies against adequate targets of S. aureus. The purpose of this paper was to produce two proteins, IsaA and IsaB, to use these for immunisation studies. First purified IsaA was used to immunise a rabbit. The extracted antibodies were used for early animal experiments to evaluate conditions for the therapeutic use and efficiency of antibodies against IsaA. For production of the wanted proteins gene sequences from various S. aureus strains were amplified by PCR and cloned into pQE30, a commercial expression vector. The amplified gene sequences come from strain 418 (IsaA) and strain 134 (IsaB). After cloning appropriate conditions for expression and purifiing were elaborated: IsaA: induction of overexpression with 100 µM IPTG, 3 h growth at 37°C. IsaB: induction of overexpression with 100 µM IPTG, 4 h growth at 37°C. First IsaA emerged to be present respectively expressed of low quantity only. The presumption that IsaA was predominantly enclosed in so called inclusion bodies explained this phenomenon. The protein could successfully isolated from the pellet. Production and purification of both proteins IsaA and IsaB under optimised conditions led to sufficient quantitiy and concentration for the immunisation following and further research. From a rabbit, immunised with IsaA, polyclonal antibodies were obtained and provided a basis for the first animal experiment with 24 rats. It showed that animals infected with 1.000.000.000 bacteria had considerably more signs of infection than those infected with 100.000.000 bacteria. It could also be shown that animals treated with serum (with antibodies against IsaA) had clear advantage regarding signs of infections and immune response compared to those animals treated with placebo. These results of the animal experiment document the therapeutic benefit of antibodies against IsaA for the first time. Therefore IsaA is an adequate target for immunotherapy against S. aureus. KW - MRSA KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Immuntherapie KW - Antikörper KW - Infektion KW - Target KW - IsaA KW - IsaB KW - IsaA KW - IsaB Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56199 ER - TY - THES A1 - Steinack, Carolin T1 - Untersuchungen zum Differenzierungspotential humaner Monozyten in vitro: Nachweis Insulin- und C-Peptid-positiver Zellen T1 - Investigation of in vitro modified human blood monocytes: Characterisation by immunohistochemistry and functional proof of their insulin N2 - Monozyten lassen sich in vitro nicht nur zu Makrophagen und Dendritischen Zellen differenzieren, sondern auch in eine Vielzahl nicht-phagozytierender Zellen. Monozyten scheinen somit über pluripotente Eigenschaften zu verfügen. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob sich kultivierte Monozyten tatsächlich in Insulin-exprimierende Zellen differenzieren lassen. Monozyten von gesunden Spendern im Alter zwischen 20 und 26 Jahren wurden untersucht. Die über eine Leukozytenapherese gewonnenen Mono- zyten wurden über Adhärenz angereichert und für sechs Tage in X-Medium mit den Cytokinen M-CSF und IL-3 und für weitere 15 Tage in Y-Medium mit den Cytokinen HGF und EGF inkubiert. Die Zellen wurden immunhistochemisch und funktionell untersucht. Frisch isolierte Blutmonozyten waren vor ihrer Kultivierung negativ für Insulin, C-Peptid und Glukagon. Am 4. Kulturtag wurden Insulin und C-Peptid in den kultivierten Monozyten nachgewiesen. Die Expression von Insulin war jedoch nicht stabil: während am Tag 11 der Anteil Insulin-positiver Zellen bei ca. 80% lag, waren am Tag 14 nur noch ca. 30% der kultivierten Zellen Insulin-positiv. Dies wurde ebenfalls für den Nachweis von C-Peptid beobachtet. Auch die Expression von Glukagon war nicht stabil. Diese Beobachtung wird darauf zurückgeführt, dass sich die Monozyten zu Makrophagen differenzierten und diese eindeutig kein Insulin produzieren. Da Zellen Insulin aufnehmen und speichern können, sollte in dieser Arbeit die Frage geklärt werden, ob immunhistochemisch zu unterscheiden ist, ob Zellen Insulin gebildet (de novo Insulin) oder unspezifisch aufgenommen haben. In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass zum eindeutigen Nachweis von de novo Insulin der Nachweis von C-Peptid unbedingt zu fordern ist. Die in dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Experimente mit aufgereinigtem Insulin belegen, dass für aufgenommenes Insulin – im Gegensatz zu de novo Insulin – C-Peptid immun- histochemisch nicht nachzuweisen ist. Das aus in vitro kultivierten Monozyten isolierte Insulin war in diabetischen Mäusen biologisch aktiv, d.h. es senkte den Blutzuckerspiegel kurzfristig. Hierzu wurden geerntete Monozyten der Kulturtage 6-12 im Ultraschallbad aufgeschlossen und der zellfreie Überstand diabetischen Mäusen injiziert. Insgesamt senkten 11 der 31 (35,5%) in dieser Arbeit getesteten Überstände den Blutzuckerspiegel dieser Tiere um mehr als 15%. Bezogen auf die 18 Proben, die einen Effekt zeigten, sind dies sogar 61%. In dieser Arbeit wurde somit erfolgreich gezeigt, dass in vitro modifizierte Monozyten Insulin exprimieren, das den Blutzuckerspiegel diabetischer Mäuse senkt. N2 - Monocytes differentiate not only in macrophages and dendritic cells but also in a variety of non-phagocytic cells. Monocytes or a subpopulation of monocytes seem to exhibit pluripotent diversity. In the present study the potential of in vitro cultured monocytes to differentiate into insulin-expressing cells was analysed. Monocytes of healthy human donors between 20 and 26 years old were analysed. They were obtained by leukocyte aphaeresis, enriched by adherence and cultured six days in X-Medium containing MCS-F und IL-3 and a further 15 days in Y-Medium containing HGF and EGF. The cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry and functional assays. Freshly isolated blood monocytes were negative for insulin, C-peptide and glucagon. In contrast, cultured monocytes were positive for insulin and C-peptide, detectable after 4 days in culture. However, the insulin expression was unstable. On day 11 of culture the amount of insulin-positive cells reached a maximum of 80 percent positive, by day 14 of culture the amount of insulin-positive cells had decreased to 30 percent. Similar results were obtained for C-peptide and glucagon. It seems that monocytes lost the ability to express insulin during their differentiation into macrophages. It is well known, that cells are able to take up and accumulate exogenous insulin. One aim of this study was to differentiate by immunohistochemistry between de novo insulin and exogenous insulin taken up by the cells from the environment. We showed that the presence of C-peptide must be proven to clearly identify de novo insulin. Experiments with purified insulin demonstrated that cells that took up purified insulin were negative for C-peptide. Insulin isolated from in vitro cultured monocytes demonstrated biological activity and reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Eleven of 31 in vivo tested cell-free supernatants (35.5 percent) lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic mice by more than 15 percent. The results of the study show that in vitro modified monocytes are able to produce insulin that reduces blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. KW - Insulin KW - Insulinstoffwechsel KW - Monozyten KW - Differenzierung KW - C-Peptid KW - Monocytes KW - Differentiation KW - C-Peptid Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55518 ER - TY - THES A1 - Karaaslan, Ferdi T1 - Untersuchungen zum antikanzerogenen Potential von Benzochinonen: Oxidativer Stress als Auslöser zelltoxischer Effekte T1 - Investigation on the anti-cancer potential of benzoquinones: oxidative stress as trigger of cell toxic effects N2 - Die zelltoxische Wirkung von AVEMAR, einem medizinischen Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, wurde erstmalig an einer Vielzahl humaner Tumorzelllinien systematisch untersucht. Die einzelnen Tumorzelllinien reagierten sehr unterschiedlich auf die Inkubation mit AVEMAR. So weisen vier der zwölf Tumorzelllinien (33 %) einen EC50-Wert von mehr als 50 mg/ml auf und waren somit resistent gegenüber AVEMAR, während fünf der zwölf Tumorzelllinien (42 %) einen EC50 Wert von <10 mg/ml aufweisen. Für drei Zelllinien wurde ein EC50-Wert zwischen >10 und <25 mg/ml nachgewiesen. Zwischen der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Zellen und ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber dem AVEMAR-Effekt war kein Zusammenhang zu erkennen; ebenso wurde ausgeschlossen, dass der AVEMAR Effekt auf einer unspezifischen Wirkung beruht. Zur weiteren Untersuchung wurden vier der zwölf Zelllinien ausgewählt: BxPC-3 (EC50: 4,9 +/- 0,42 mg/ml); 23132/87 (EC50: 9,3 +/- 0,28 mg/ml); HT-29 (EC50: 15,35 +/- 0,21 mg/ml) und HRT-18 (EC50: 21,3 +/- 0,42 mg/ml). Die Wirkung von 10 mg/ml AVEMAR auf diese vier Zelllinien war nach einer Inkubationsdauer von 24 Stunden: zelltoxisch (BxPC-3), zytostatisch (23132/87 und HT-29) und schwach zytostatisch (HRT-18). Insbesondere für HRT-18 war der zytostatische Effekt von AVEMAR begrenzt und bereits nach 48 Stunden in Kultur ohne AVEMAR nicht mehr zu beobachten. Im Gegensatz dazu war der zelltoxische Effekt von AVEMAR auf Zellen der Linie BxPC-3 extrem rasch (<24 Stunden) und absolut irreversibel. Dieser zelltoxische Effekt ähnelt der Wirkungsweise von 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-Benzochinonen, wobei nicht geklärt ist, ob reaktive Sauerstoffspezies oder andere Formen von Radikalen, z.B. Stickstoffradikale, entstehen. Diese Vermutung wird dadurch gestützt, dass ausschließlich Glutathion, welches als Radikalfänger an zahlreichen enzymabhängigen Reduktionsreaktionen beteiligt ist, die zelltoxische Wirkung von AVEMAR kompensieren konnte. Katalase, die die Detoxifikation von Wasserstoffperoxid katalysiert, zeigte in Gegenwart von AVEMAR keine Wirkung, war aber in Gegenwart von Benzochinonen wirksam. Da bei oxidativem Stress auch Wasserstoffperoxid entsteht, scheint die zelltoxische Wirkung von AVEMAR bei BxPC-3 nicht auf Auslösung von oxidativem Stress zu beruhen, sondern auf der Induktion von Radikalen bzw. toxischen Metaboliten anderer Art. Der bei den Tumorzelllinien 23132/87 und HT-29 beobachtete, weniger aggressive zytostatische Effekt von AVEMAR basiert nicht auf der Induktion freier Radikale, da Glutathion ohne Wirkung war. Mit der Zytostase einhergehend war eine deutliche Verringerung des intrazellulären ATP-Gehalts um bis zu 60 % bei 10 mg/ml bzw. 100 % bei 50 mg/ml AVEMAR. Zusätzlich zur Wirkung von AVEMAR wurden weitere Weizenprodukte auf mögliche zelltoxische bzw. zytostatische Effekte getestet und zwar Weizenkeimlinge, handelsübliches Weizenmehl vom Typ 405 und Weizenlektine. Interessanterweise wurde je nach Zelllinie auch für diese Weizenprodukte ein zelltoxischer Effekt in vitro nachgewiesen. AVEMAR weist zelltoxische und zytostatische Effekte auf. Beide Effekte werden nicht über oxidativen Stress vermittelt. Die zelltoxische Wirkung von AVEMAR wird durch Nicht-Sauerstoffradikale bzw. toxische Metabolite vermittelt. Damit wurde der postulierte Hauptmechanismus von AVEMAR - nämlich die Induktion von oxidativem Stress durch Benzochinone - nicht bestätigt. AVEMAR stellt ein nebenwirkungsarmes, gut verträgliches und günstiges Nahrungsergänzungsmittel dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit, aber auch klinische Studien haben eine Wirksamkeit von AVEMAR gegenüber Tumoren gezeigt. Da zahlreiche onkologische Patienten sehr motiviert sind, neben der Chemo- und Radiotherapie, weitere Maßnahmen gegen ihr Krebsleiden zu ergreifen, sind Empfehlungen von Supportivprodukten, deren zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen weitestgehend aufgeklärt sind und für die ein wissenschaftlicher Nachweis ihrer Wirksamkeit vorliegt, sicherlich ein zu begrüßender Schritt zur ganzheitlichen Betreuung onkologischer Patienten. N2 - The cytotoxic effect of the medical nutriment AVEMAR was investigated on a variety of different human cancer cell lines. The cells of the investigated cell lines reacted very differently to AVEMAR. Four of the twelve (33%) tested cell lines showed an EC50 value above 50 mg/ml and were therefore resistant against AVEMAR, while five of them (42%) showed an EC50 value below 10 mg/ml. Three cell lines showed an EC50 value between 10 and 25 mg/ml. There was no correlation between the growth rate of the cells and the cytotoxic effect of AVEMAR; although there was no evidence that the AVEMAR effect was based on an unspecific protein effect. Four of the twelve tested cell lines were chosen for further investigation: BxPC-3 (EC50: 4,9 +/- 0,42 mg/ml); 23132/87 (EC50: 9,3 +/- 0,28 mg/ml); HT-29 (EC50: 15,35 +/- 0,21 mg/ml) and HRT-18 (EC50: 21,3 +/- 0,42 mg/ml). The observed effect of AVEMAR after an incubation of 24 hours was: cytotoxic (BxPC-3), cytostatic (23132/87 and HT-29) and weakly cytostatic (HRT-18). The cytotoxic effect of AVEMAR was limited, especially for HRT-18, and was no longer present after 48 hours in cell cultures without AVEMAR. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of AVEMAR was fast (<24 hours) and absolutely irreversible on the cell line BxPC-3. The characteristics of the AVEMAR-induced cytotoxicity are similar to the cytotoxic effect induced by 2.6-dimethoxy-1.4-benzoquinones, although there is no proof for the existence of reactive oxygen species or other radicals (e.g. nitrogen radicals). This assumption is based on the significant protective effect of the unspecific radical scavenger glutathione against AVEMAR, which plays a part in many enzyme-dependent redox reactions. Catalase, which is able to detoxicate hydrogen peroxide, showed no protective effect in the presence of AVEMAR, but strong protective effects in the presence of benzoquinones. Since hydrogen peroxide is also formed under oxidative stress, the cytotoxic effect of AVEMAR does not seem to be caused by triggering oxidative stress, but rather by the induction of radicals or toxic metabolites of another kind. The less aggressive cytostatic effect of AVEMAR observed in 23132/87 and HT-29 cells is not based on the induction of free radicals. Evidence for this is the missing protective effect of glutathione. Besides the observed cytostatic effect, a marked reduction in the intracellular content of ATP of up to 60% at a concentration of 10mg/ml AVEMAR, and 100% at 50 mg/ml could be shown. In addition to the effects of AVEMAR, the cytotoxic effects on other wheat products such as wheat germs, wheat flour type 405, and wheat lectins were investigated. Interestingly, depending on the tested cell lines, cytotoxic effects for these wheat products could be shown in vitro. AVEMAR shows both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, which are not mediated by oxidative stress. The cytotoxic effect of AVEMAR is mediated by radicals or toxic metabolites other than reactive oxygen species. Hence, the postulated main mechanism of AVEMAR – which was the induction of oxidative stress – could not be confirmed. AVEMAR represents a well-tolerated, inexpensive dietary supplement with few side effects. The anti-cancer effect of AVEMAR was shown in this paper, as well as in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The majority of cancer patients are open to alternatives to radio- and chemotherapy for fighting their disease. This is why the recommendation of supportive products, whose underlying mechanisms are widely solved and whose efficacy is scientifically proven, would be a welcome step towards the holistic treatment of cancer patients. KW - Oxidativer Stress KW - Benzochinone KW - Weizen KW - Antioxidans KW - Onkologie KW - AVEMAR KW - Oxidativer Stress KW - Benzochinone KW - Weizen KW - Antioxidans KW - Onkologie KW - AVEMAR KW - oxidative stress KW - benzoquinones KW - wheat KW - antioxidant KW - oncology Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-79063 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schotte, Katrin T1 - Korrelation der intraoperativen Nervevaluation zur postoperativen Stimmfunktion bei Schilddrüsenoperationen T1 - Correlation of intraoperative nerve evaluation of the postoperative vocal cord function after thyroid surgery N2 - In dieser Studie wurde versucht, durch das intraoperative Monitoring des Nervus vagus bestimmte Parameter zu definieren, welche einen intraoperativ drohenden Schaden des Nervus laryngeus recurrens aufzeigen könnten. Im Rahmen der Gesamtstudie erfolgte hier die Auswertung der im Marienkrankenhaus Kassel erhobenen Parameter Amplitude, Signalbreite und Latenz des Nervus vagus nach intraoperativem Ausdruck. Es erfolgte die Auswertung von 158 nerves at risk bei 113 Patienten. Erfasst wurden Patienten, bei denen eine near-total oder Hemithyreoidektomie, Thyreoidektomie oder subtotale Resektion ein- oder beidseitig erfolgte. In unserem Patientenkollektiv ließ sich eine signifikant längere Latenz des linken Nervus vagus als rechts nachweisen. Bei Männern fand sich eine signifikant längere Latenz des linken Nervus vagus sowohl prä als auch post resectionem gegenüber Frauen. Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Veränderungen zwischen den prä und post resectionem erhobenen Parametern bezogen auf Alter, Geschlecht, Operationsdauer und Operationsindikation. Insbesondere bei Re- oder Rezidiveingriffen konnte in unserem Patientengut keine signifikante Korrelation der gemessenen Parameter zur postoperativen Stimmbandfunktion nachgewiesen werden. Aus unseren gemessenen Parametern konnten wir keine Rückschlüsse von intraoperativen Veränderungen der gemessenen Parameter auf die postoperative Stimmbandfunktion ziehen. Im Rahmen der Multicenterstudie haben unsere Daten jedoch dazu beigetragen, dass Normwerte für das intraoperative Neuromonitoring bei Schilddrüsenoperationen definiert werden konnten. Diese ermöglichen es vielleicht zukünftigen Studien Muster zu finden, welche zu einer Senkung der Rate an permanenten postoperativen Recurrensparesen führen könnten. N2 - The possible effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage on vagal nerve (VN) monitoring during thyroid surgery was evaluated. Parameters were amplitude, duration and latency of signals. 158 nerves at risk in 113 thyroid procedures were taken into evaluation. Significant findings were a delayed latency of the left VN in comparison to the right. Male had a longer latency of left VN compared to female pre and post manipulation. No significant changes pre to post manipulation were found for age, gender, duration of surgery and diagnosis. This includes all recurrent thyroid procedures. Thus, in our investigation, no forecast for vocal cord function can be obtained by the given parameters. Nevertheless, the obtained data contributed to the definition of standard parameters in neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery. These might help further studies to detect patterns of imminent vocal cord dysfunction and thus help to reduce vocal cord palsy. KW - Neuromonitoring KW - Neuromonitoring KW - Recurrensparese KW - Schilddrüsenoperation KW - Thyroid surgery KW - Neuromonitoring KW - recurrent nerve palsy Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-79014 ER - TY - THES A1 - Weiß, Matthias T1 - Die Bedeutung nosokomialer Infektionen bei der Therapie von chirurgischen und anästhesiologischen Intensivpatienten T1 - The significance of hospital acquired infections in the therapy of surgical and medical ICU-patients N2 - Beobachtung nosokomialer Infektionen bei intensivhospitalisierten Patienten im Rahmen einer einjährigen prospektiven, multizentrischen Kohortenstudie. Besondere Beachtung von Komplikationen wie Sepsis und Peritonitis sowie des Auftretens multiresistenter Keime bei der Infektentstehung. N2 - Surveillance of nosocomial ICU-acquired infections in intensive care unit patients in a 1-year prospective multicenter cohort study. Monitoring of complications like sepsis and peritonitis and acquisition of multi-resistant infectious agents. KW - Sepsis KW - MRSA KW - Bauchfellentzündung KW - Hygiene KW - Allgemeine Entzündungsreaktion KW - Lungenentzündung KW - Sekundärkrankheit KW - Multimorbidität KW - Antibiose KW - Peritonitis KW - nosokomial KW - SIRS KW - Intensivstation KW - Komorbidität KW - ICU KW - HAI KW - mortality KW - SIRS KW - comorbidities Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80565 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raslan, Furat A1 - Albert-Weißenberger, Christiane A1 - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo A1 - Kleinschnitz, Christoph A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena T1 - Focal brain trauma in the cryogenic lesion model in mice N2 - The method to induce unilateral cryogenic lesions was first described in 1958 by Klatzo. We describe here an adaptation of this model that allows reliable measurement of lesion volume and vasogenic edema by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-staining and Evans blue extravasation in mice. A copper or aluminium cylinder with a tip diameter of 2.5 mm is cooled with liquid nitrogen and placed on the exposed skull bone over the parietal cortex (coordinates from bregma: 1.5 mm posterior, 1.5 mm lateral). The tip diameter and the contact time between the tip and the parietal skull determine the extent of cryolesion. Due to an early damage of the blood brain barrier, the cryogenic cortical injury is characterized by vasogenic edema, marked brain swelling, and inflammation. The lesion grows during the first 24 hours, a process involving complex interactions between endothelial cells, immune cells, cerebral blood flow, and the intracranial pressure. These contribute substantially to the damage from the initial injury. The major advantage of the cryogenic lesion model is the circumscribed and highly reproducible lesion size and location. KW - Medizin KW - Experimental brain trauma KW - Cryolesion KW - Secondary traumatic brain damage KW - Mice Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75419 ER - TY - THES A1 - Leweke, Rhea T1 - Die Rolle der NF-κB-Aktivierung beim LPS-induzierten Zusammenbruch der Endothelbarriere T1 - Role of NF-κB activation in LPS-induced endothelial barrier breakdown N2 - Eine intakte Endothelbarriere ist eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für die uneingeschränkte Funktion sämtlicher Organe. Wird die Barrierefunktion durch entzündliche Prozesse gestört, so kommt es zum Austritt von Gefäßflüssigkeit ins Interstitium. Dies resultiert in Organversagen und ist Mitverursacher der hohen Sterblichkeit bei systemischen Entzündungsreaktionen und Sepsis. Vorangehende Untersuchungen haben bereits wichtige Mechanismen aufgedeckt, die zum Barriereverlust führen (Schlegel et al., 2009). In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, ob die Aktivierung des Transkriptionsfaktors NF ĸB für den LPS-induzierten Zusammenbruch der Endothelbarriere von Bedeutung ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass die Einwirkung von LPS in zwei verschiedenen Endothelzelllinien, den makrovaskulären PSEC sowie den mikrovaskulären HDMEC, zu einer signifikanten Aktivierung von NF ĸB führte. Dies wurde sowohl mittels Kernextraktionsversuchen als auch durch Immunfluoreszenzfärbungen nachgewiesen. Messungen des TER zeigten eine Abnahme des endothelialen Widerstands und folglich der Barrierefunktion nach Applikation von LPS, gefolgt von einer spontanen Regeneration der Barriere nach einer Inkubationszeit von 24 h. Eine Erhöhung des intrazellulären cAMP Spiegels durch Applikation von Forskolin/Rolipram verhinderte zwar die LPS induzierte Bildung interzellulärer Lücken, nicht jedoch die Aktivierung des Transkriptionsfaktors NF ĸB. Vielmehr verstärkte eine cAMP Erhöhung sogar eine NF ĸB Aktivierung in HDMEC nach 4 h, ohne die Morphologie der Endothelzelljunktionen zu schädigen. Der selektive NF ĸB Inhibitor NBD Peptid vermochte im Gegensatz dazu die LPS induzierte NF ĸB Aktivierung deutlich zu hemmen, verhinderte allerdings weder die interzelluläre Lückenbildung noch den Abfall des TER durch LPS. Im Gegenteil – da unter Einwirkung von NBD Peptid die spontane Regeneration des TER nach LPS Applikation ausblieb, schienen barrierekompromittierende Effekte von LPS durch Hemmung der NF ĸB Aktivierung mittels NBD-Peptid sogar verstärkt zu werden. In Übereinstimmung mit diesen Ergebnissen hemmte auch die Repression von NF ĸB p65 durch eine spezifische p65 siRNA den LPS induzierten Zusammenbruch der Endothelbarriere nicht. Weitere NF ĸB abhängige Proteine wie VASP und Caveolin 1, deren Beteiligung am Pathomechanismus von anderen Arbeitsgruppen vorgeschlagen wurde, blieben in unseren Experimenten unter LPS Exposition unverändert. Zusammenfassend scheint die NF ĸB Aktivierung initial nicht entscheidend am LPS induzierten Zusammenbruch der Endothelbarriere beteiligt zu sein. Unsere Ergebnisse legen vielmehr nahe, dass die Aktivierung des Transkriptionsfaktors möglicherweise Teil eines „Rescue“ Mechanismus sein könnte. N2 - An intact endothelial barrier is indispensable for the functioning of all organs. Inflammatory processes like sepsis lead to increased endothelial permability, causing edema which often result in organ failure. Previous studies uncovered important mechanisms leading to endothelial barrier breakdown (Schlegel et al., 2009). This study analyses if activation of NF ĸB is involved in LPS-induced damage to intercellular junctions. It is demonstrated that LPS leads to activation of NF ĸB in two different endothelial cell lines, PSEC and HDMEC, shown by nuclear extraction and immunofluorescence experiments. Measurements of TER visualise reduction of endothelial resistance and thus integrity of the endothelial barrier after application of LPS, followed by spontaneous regeneration after 24 hours. Increase of intracellular cAMP levels by application of Forskolin/Rolipram prevented LPS-induced intercellular gap formation, while activation of NF ĸB was not affected. Rather, increased cAMP levels intensified activation of NF ĸB in HDMEC after 4 h, without damaging morphology of endothelial cell junctions. The selective NF ĸB-inhibitor NBD-peptide prevented LPS-induced NF ĸB activation but not intercellular gap formation and reduction of TER. Because NBD-peptide blocked spontaneous regeneration of TER after LPS application, barrier compromising effects of LPS appeared to be intensified by inhibition of NF ĸB activation. In accordance with these results repression of NF ĸB p65 by siRNA did not prevent LPS-induced barrier breakdown. Other NF ĸB-dependent proteins like VASP and Caveolin-1, both suggested to be involved in the pathomechanism, remained unaffected. In summary, NF ĸB activation appears not to be initially involved in LPS-induced endothelial barrier breakdown. The results of this study suggest activation of NF ĸB might be part of a “rescue” mechanism. KW - Sepsis KW - Cyclo-AMP KW - Endothel KW - Endotoxin KW - LPS KW - Endothelbarriere KW - Sepsis KW - LPS KW - cAMP KW - endothelial barrier Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83810 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin T1 - Isolation of Islets of Langerhans: Improvement of the Isolation Technique Using the Pig Model. N2 - During the last view years, interest in pancreatic islet transplantation for the cure of type I diabetes has increased markedly. A serious barrier to clinical islet transplantation is the isolation of a sufficient mass of viable and functional islets. We used a porcine islet isolation model to examine various parameters of the isolation procedure and to improve isolation technique. KW - Langerhans-Inseln Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87765 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Eckstein, V. A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Die zellvermittelte Immunantwort des menschlichen Transplantat Empfängers gegen xenogenes Antigen (Schwein) ist abhängig vom Spenderkompartiment. N2 - No abstract available. KW - Transplantation Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86978 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breitkreuz, A. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Eckstein, V. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Induktion von Transplantat-Toleranz gegen Xenoantigen durch eine Pharmakon-Antigen-Kombinationsbehandlung N2 - No abstract available. KW - Transplantat Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86969 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Winoto-Morbach, S. A1 - Vanucchi, A. A1 - Jäger, H. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Erste Kieler Erfahrungen mit 45 Isolierungen von Langerhansinseln aus Schweinepankreas N2 - No abstract available. KW - Langerhans-Inseln KW - Bauchspeicheldrüse KW - Schwein Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Pharmakologische Beeinflussung natürlicher Antikörper als Vorbedingung für die erfolgreiche Xenotransplantation N2 - No abstract available. KW - Heterotransplantation KW - Antikörper KW - Pharmakologie Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73216 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Gier, C. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Isolierung Langerhans'scher Inseln aus dem Pankreas von Schweinen: Einfluss biologischer und technischer Parameter auf die Inselausbeite und -integrität N2 - No abstract available. KW - Langerhans-Inseln KW - Isolierung Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Heiser, A. A1 - Bosse, M. A1 - Wacker, H. H. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Histologische Untersuchungen des Schweinepankreas zur Verbesserung der Inselausbeute und -integrität nach Kollagenase-Verdauung N2 - No abstract available. KW - Schwein KW - Bauchspeicheldrüse KW - Histologie KW - Kollagenase Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73237 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dickneite, G. A1 - Schorlemmer, H. U. A1 - Sedlacek, H. H. A1 - Falk, W. A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Suppression of macrophage function and prolongation of graft survival by the new guanidinic-like structure, 15-deoxyspergualin N2 - No abstract available. KW - Makrophage Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, Albert A1 - Lorenz, Udo A1 - Tiurbe, George Christian A1 - Bühler, Christoph A1 - Kellersmann, Richard T1 - Femoral vein obturator bypass revascularization in groin infectious bleeding: two case reports and review of the literature JF - Journal of Medical Case Reports N2 - Introduction Groin infections resulting in arterial bleeding due to bacterial vessel destruction are a severe challenge in vascular surgery. Patients with them most often present as emergencies and therefore need individualized reconstruction solutions. Case presentation Case 1 is a 67-year-old man with infectious bleeding after an autologous reconstruction of the femoral bifurcation with greater saphenous vein due to infection of a bovine pericard patch after thrombendarterectomy. Case 2 is a 35-year-old male drug addict and had severe femoral bleeding and infection after repeated intravenous and intra-arterial substance abuse. Both patients were treated with an autologous obturator bypass of the superficial femoral vein. We review the current literature and highlight our therapeutic concept of this clinical entity. Conclusions Treatment should include systemic antibiotic medication, surgical control of the infectious site, revascularization and soft tissue repair. An extra-anatomical obturator bypass with autologous superficial femoral vein should be considered as the safest revascularization procedure in infections caused by highly pathogenic bacteria. KW - Obturator bypass KW - Groin infection KW - Autologous KW - Extra-anatomical KW - Femoral vein Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-95901 UR - http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/7/1/75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Eckstein, V. A1 - Tibell, A. A1 - Groth, C. G. A1 - Korsgren, O. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. A1 - Thiede, A. T1 - Natürliche und induzierte xenoreaktive Antikörper vor und nach klinischer Transplantation fötaler porziner Pankreasinselzellen N2 - No abstract available. KW - Antikörper KW - Langerhans-Inseln KW - Schwein KW - Transplantation Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-72967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulrichs, Karin A1 - Eckstein, V. A1 - Korsgren, O. A1 - Tibell, A. A1 - Groth, C. G. A1 - Müller-Ruchholtz, W. T1 - Characterization of natural and induced human xenophile antibodies before and after transplantation of the fetal porcine endocrine pancreas N2 - No abstract available. KW - Bauspeicheldrüse KW - Antikörper KW - Transplantation Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johanssen, Sarah A1 - Hahner, Stefanie A1 - Saeger, Wolfgang A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Beuschlein, Felix A1 - Dralle, Henning A1 - Haaf, Michaela A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Jurowich, Christian A1 - Langer, Peter A1 - Oelkers, Wolfgang A1 - Spahn, Martin A1 - Willenberg, Holger S. A1 - Maeder, Uwe A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Fassnacht, Martin T1 - Deficits in the Management of Patients With Adrenocortical Carcinoma in Germany N2 - Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Often, the physicians who first treat patients with ACC have no prior experience with the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of medical care for patients with ACC in Germany. Methods: Data from the German ACC registry were analyzed with regard to the patients’ preoperative diagnostic evaluation, histopathological reporting, and clinical followup. The findings were compared with the recommendations of the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT). Results: Data were analyzed from 387 patients who had been given an initial diagnosis of ACC in the years 1998 to 2009. 21% of them underwent no hormonal evaluation before surgery, and 59% underwent an inadequate hormonal evaluation. This exposed the patients to unnecessary perioperative risks and impaired their follow-up. 48% did not undergo CT scanning of the chest, even though the lungs are the most frequent site of metastases of ACC. For 13% of the patients, the diagnosis of ACC was later revised by a reference pathologist. For 11% of the patients, the histopathology report contained no information about resection status, even though this is an important determinant of further treatment and prognosis. Optimal management requires re-staging at three-month intervals, yet some patients underwent re-staging only after a longer delay, or not at all. Conclusion: We have identified significant deficits in the care of patients with ACC in Germany. We suspect that the situation is similar for other rare diseases. The prerequisite to better care is close and early cooperation of the treating physicians with specialized centers. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85897 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Meyer-Sautter, Pascal A1 - Rüsch, Jan A1 - Braun-Feldweg, Johannes A1 - Markus, Christian Karl A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Lock, Johan Friso T1 - Cefazolin might be adequate for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in intra-abdominal infections without sepsis: a quality improvement study JF - Antibiotics N2 - Background: The adequate choice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) could influence the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) in general surgery. A new local PAP guideline was implemented in May 2017 and set the first-generation cefazolin (CFZ) instead the second-generation cefuroxime (CXM) as the new standard prophylactic antibiotic. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of SSIs after this implementation in intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) without sepsis. Methods: We performed a single center-quality improvement study at a 1500 bed sized university hospital in Germany analyzing patients after emergency surgery during 2016 to 2019 (n = 985), of which patients receiving CXM or CFZ were selected (n = 587). Propensity score matching was performed to ensure a comparable risk of SSIs in both groups. None-inferiority margin for SSIs was defined as 8% vs. 4%. Results: Two matched cohorts with respectively 196 patients were compared. The rate of SSIs was higher in the CFZ group (7.1% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.117) below the non-inferiority margin. The rate of other postoperative infections was significantly higher in the CFZ group (2.0% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.004). No other differences including postoperative morbidity, mortality or length-of-stay were observed. Conclusion: Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis might be safely maintained by CFZ even in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. KW - antimicrobial stewardship KW - antibiotic prescribing quality KW - low-risk intra-abdominal infections KW - perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270816 SN - 2079-6382 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jäger, Simon Ulrich T1 - Surveillance des Barrett-Ösophagus – Vergleich konservative Therapie versus Anti-Reflux-Operation T1 - Surveillance Strategies for Barrett's Esophagus - A Comparison between Medical and Surgical Therapy N2 - Der Zusammenhang von Zylinder-Epithel ausgekleideten Abschnitten des Ösophagus mit der Entwicklung eines ösophagealen Adenokarzinoms ist nun schon seit fast 50 Jahren bekannt. Im Jahre 2008 geht man davon aus, dass jährlich etwa 0.5% der Patienten mit Barrett-Ösophagus ein Adenokarzinom entwickeln. Trotz verbesserter Operationstechnik und der zusätzlich angewandten neoadjuvanten Therapie bleibt die Prognose des Adenokarzinom infaust, nicht zuletzt weil sich die Patienten mangels eindrücklicher Frühsymptome oft erst in weit fortgeschrittenen Stadien präsentieren. Bei insgesamt kleinen Fallzahlen für das Adenokarzinom, der hohen Prävalenz der GERD-Symptomatik und des hohen Anteils der Patienten mit Barrett-Ösophagus die offensichtlich nie zu einem Adenokarzinom progredieren, erscheint ein weit angelegtes Screening durch Gastroskopien mit Biopsie-Entnahmen ineffektiv und unökonomisch. Aus dem Ende der Neunziger Jahre prospektiv angelegten Barrett-Register der chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg wurden 125 Patienten mit Barrett-Diagnose über 819 Patientenjahre verfolgt. Hier wurde lediglich ein Adenokarzinom mit begleitender high-grade Dysplasie beobachtet, das sich nach einem Intervall von 8 Jahren aus einem nicht-dysplastischen Barrett-Segment entwickelte. Weiterhin wurde in einer Patientin mit einem long-segment Barrett-Ösophagus die Rückbildung einer low-grade Dysplasie in ein nicht-dysplastisches Zylinderepithel beobachtet. Die um in etwa ein Drittel erniedrigte Inzidenz des Adenokarzinoms in dieser Studie (1,22 pro 1000 Patientenjahre) könnte sich durch ein längeres Follow-Up an die in der Literatur beschriebene Inzidenz durch das Auftreten weniger Fälle angleichen. Eine regelmäßige endoskopische Überwachung der Barrett-Schleimhaut bleibt, solange noch keine anderen Modalitäten zur sicheren Risikostratifizierung erhältlich sind, eine zwar belastende, im Einzelfall aber lebenswichtige Maßnahme. N2 - In a population of 125 patients with histological confirmed non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus progression to adenocarcinoma was a rare event (1 case in 819 patient years). 76,8% of patients underwent Nissen fundoplication in this population. The high percentage of surgically treated patients is explained by pre-selection, as the study population was recruited from a patient base in the surgical unit of an University Hospital. KW - Endobrachyösophagus KW - Adenokarzinom KW - GERD KW - Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit KW - Intestinale Metaplasie KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - adenocarcinoma KW - intestinal metaplasia Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39391 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mueller, Nicolas T1 - Langzeitergebnisse der intraoperativen iliakalen Angioplastie bei der Therapie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit vom Mehretagen-Typ durch Hybrideingriffe T1 - Long-term results of iliac artery stenting and angioplasty combinded with peripheral reconstruction in the therapy of multi-level peripheral arterial disease N2 - In den letzten Jahren hat sich die intraoperative Angioplastie (ITA) der Beckengefäße bei simultaner konventioneller peripherer Rekonstruktion als Behandlungsoption der Mehretagen-AVK entwickelt, ohne dass eine umfangreiche Datenlage bezüglich ihrer langfristigen Offenheitsraten vorliegt. Die Ergebnisse der weitaus häufiger durchgeführten perkutanen Angioplastie (PTA) im Iliakalbereich lassen sich nicht ohne weiteres auf die ITA übertragen. Daher soll es Ziel dieser Arbeit sein, die Langzeitergebnisse der intraoperativen iliakalen Angioplastie und Stentapplikation bei der kombinierten endovaskulären/ konventionellen gefäßchirurgischen Therapie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit vom Mehretagentyp darzustellen. Im Zeitraum von 11/98 bis 10/03 wurden bei insgesamt 63 Patienten (mittleres Alter: 65,5 Jahre) 66 Beckenetagen durch ITA behandelt. Es kamen insgesamt 76 Stents (12 x ballon-expandierend, 64 x selbst-expandierend) zum Einsatz. Simultan erfolgte bei allen Patienten eine periphere Gefäßrekonstruktion (Femoralis-TEA, poplitealer/cruraler Bypass, cross-over Bypass). Die Daten wurden anhand der Krankenakte, Hausarztanfragen sowie gezielter klinischer und sonographischer Nachuntersuchungen erhoben. Anhand der präoperativen Angiographien wurden sämtliche Beckenetagenläsionen nachträglich nach TASC-Kriterien klassifiziert. Von den 63 Patienten konnten von 55 (58 Beckenetagen) relevante Nachuntersuchungsdaten gewonnen werden (87%). Nach einem mittleren Beoachtungszeitraum von 5,5 Jahren ergab sich eine primäre Offenheitsrate der iliakalen Stents bezogen auf die behandelten Beckenetagen von 86%. Die kumulative Stentoffenheitsrate lag bei 73,9 % nach 9 Jahren. Es bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied der Stentoffenheitsrate zwischen TASC-A- (n=32) und Non-A- (n=26) Läsionen (p=0,82, log-Rang-Test). Ebenfalls fand sich kein signifikanter Unterschied in Abhängigkeit von der Art der peripheren Gefäßrekonstruktion. Im Verlauf des Untersuchungszeitraumes sind 16 Patienten verstorben (29%). Neunmal (15,5%) musste eine Major-Amputation der behandelten Extremität nach einer mittleren Zeitdauer von 2,7 Jahren erfolgen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich formulieren, dass ITA/Stent aufgrund ihrer guten Offenheitsrate auch im Langzeitverlauf eine sinnvolle Ergänzung des Behandlungsspektrums bei der pAVK vom Beckentyp darstellt. Unter Berücksichtigung der Morphologie der Gefäßläsionen eignet sich ihr gering-invasiver Charakter besonders für Patienten mit einem höheren perioperativen Risiko. Gerade bei komplexer Mehretagen-AVK bietet sie eine effiziente Möglichkeit der Einstromverbesserung für periphere Rekonstruktionen. N2 - Between 11/98 and 10/03 63 patients (66legs) with multilevel-PAD were treated with iliac artery stenting and angioplasty. All in all, 76 stents were inserted (12x balloon-expandable, 64x self-expandable).A peripheral vessel reconstruction was performed simultaneously in every case. Data could be generated of 63 patients (58legs). After a mean period of 5,5 years the mean primary stent patency rate was 86%. The cumulative patency rate was 73,3% after 9 years. There was no significant difference between TASC-A and NonA-patients and no difference in patency rates among the several groups of peripheral revascularisation. Major-amputation had to be performed in 9 cases (15,5%), 16 patients died (29%). KW - Arterielle Verschlusskrankheit KW - Mehretagen-AVK KW - Hybrideingriffe KW - Multilevel-PAD Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48514 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stratmann, Robert Henrik T1 - Ursachen und Therapie duodenaler Obstruktion im Kindesalter am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg – Analyse von Genese, assoziierten Fehlbildungen, Therapie und Outcome T1 - Causes and therapy of duodenal obstruction in children at the university medical centre of Wuerzburg – An analysis of causes, associated malfornations, therapy and outcome N2 - Eine retrospektive Analyse von kindlichen Patienten mit duodenaler Obstruktion, welche zwischen dem 01.01.2005 und dem 30.06.2020 im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg in der Abteilung für Kinderchirurgie operativ behandelt wurden. Analyse von Ursachen, Gestationsalter, Geburtsgewicht, Geburtsmodus, Begleitfehlbildungen, Diagnosestellung, operativer Versorgung und aufgetretener Komplikationen. Duodenale Obstruktion wird meist von duodenalen Atresien und Stenosen verursacht. Es besteht eine Häufung von begleitenden Fehlbildungen wie z.B. einer Trisomie 21, urogenitalen- oder Herzfehlbildungen. Eine Mehrheit der Patienten ist frühgeboren, extreme Unreife ist jedoch selten. Es besteht eine leichte Linksverschiebung des Geburtsgewichtes zur Hypotrophie. Bei korrekter chirurgischer Therapie haben Duodenalatresien und -stenosen eine gute Prognose, welche zumeist von den Begleiterkrankungen limitiert wird. N2 - A retrospective analysis of children with duodenal obstruction treated in the Department of pediatric surgery at the university medical centre Wuerzburg between Jan 1st 2005 and Jun 30st 2020. An analysis of causes, gestational age, weight at birth, way of childbirth, associated malformations, way and time of diagnosis, operative management and complications. Duodenal obstruction in most cases is caused by duodenal aresia or stenosis. Trisomy 21, congenital heart diseases and genitourinary disorders among others can be accompanying malformations. Most patients are born premature. Severe prematurity is rare. The overall prognosis is good and mostly restricted by accompanying diseases. KW - Atresie KW - Duodenalatresie KW - duodenale Obstruktion KW - duodenal atresia KW - duodenal obstruction Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250552 ER - TY - THES A1 - Christa [geb. Ludwig], Natalie Yvonne T1 - Persistierender Urachus - häufiger als gedacht? Eine retrospektive Datenanalyse T1 - Persistent urachus - more common than believed? A retrospective data analysis N2 - Eine retrospektive Datenanalyse der Urachusoperationen von 2009- 2019 an der Kinderchirurgischen Klinik des Universitätsklinikums in Würzburg. Es zeigte sich, dass der Urachus häufiger als gedacht vorkommt und dies oft als intraoperativer Zufallsbefund. N2 - A retrospective data analysis of urachus surgeries from 2009- 2019 at the Pediatric Surgical Clinic of the University Hospital in Würzburg. It was shown that the urachus occurs more frequently than thought and often as an intraoperative incidental finding. KW - Urachus KW - Kinderchirurgie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287438 ER - TY - THES A1 - Langseder, Theresa Christina T1 - Charakterisierung intestinaler Barriereveränderungen bei Ratten nach Roux-en-Y Magenbypass T1 - Characterization of intestinal barrier changes in rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass N2 - Die bariatrische Chirurgie ist momentan die einzige Therapieoption der morbiden Adipositas mit der eine langfristige Gewichtsreduktion erreicht werden kann. Unter den Operationsmethoden gilt der RYGB als eine der wirksamsten Behandlungen bezogen auf den Gewichtsverlust und die Verbesserung von Begleiterkrankungen wie dem Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Darüber hinaus belegt eine wachsende Zahl an Veröffentlichungen, dass der RYGB den Zustand chronischer Entzündung, wie er typischerweise mit Adipositas einhergeht, verringern kann. Diese sogenannte Endotoxämie geht unter anderem mit einer gestörten Integrität der intestinalen Epithelbarriere einher. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es eine Analyse der Veränderungen von für die Darmbarriere wichtigen Junktionsproteinen vorzunehmen, um eine Grundlage für künftige mechanistische Untersuchungen zu schaffen. Dafür wurden die Veränderungen von Barriereproteinen in Vollwandresektaten des Duodenums, des Jejunums, des Ileums sowie des Kolons von Ratten, die einen RYGB erhalten hatten, mittels Western Blot Untersuchungen quantifiziert. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten schein-operierte Ratten. Es kam zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen der analysierten Barriereproteine in den Vollwandresektaten. Interessanterweise unterschieden sich die Verteilungsmuster der Veränderungen der Barriereproteinte deutlich zwischen den einzelnen Darmregionen. Um herauszufinden, ob diese Veränderungen durch regionale Veränderungen der Mikroumgebung nach RYGB- Operation induziert wurden, wurden im reduktionistischen Zellkultursystem Stuhl- Transferexperimente durchgeführt. Caco2-Zellkulturen dienten hierbei als Modell für die intestinale epitheliale Barriere. Es wurden funktionelle Messungen und quantitative Analysen der Veränderungen der Barriereproteine der Zellkultur durchgeführt. Die Funktionsmessungen zeigten, dass der Inhalt des Duodenums, des Jejunums sowie des Kolons deutliche barrierestabilisierende Effekte auf die Caco2-Zellmonolayer hatte. Zudem zeigten sich tiefgreifende Veränderungen der untersuchten Barriereproteine. Zusammenfassend wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals eine regionenspezfische Regulation der intestinalen Barriereproteine in Korrelation mit funktionellen Messungen nach RYGB nachgewiesen. N2 - Bariatric surgery is currently the only treatment option for morbid obesity that can achieve long-term weight loss. Among surgical methods, RYGB is considered one of the most effective treatments in terms of weight loss and improvement of associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, a growing number of publications demonstrate that RYGB can reduce the state of chronic inflammation typically associated with obesity. This so-called endotoxemia is associated with impaired integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The aim of the present work was to perform an analysis of changes in junctional proteins which are important for the intestinal barrier in order to provide a basis for future mechanistic studies. For this purpose, the changes of barrier proteins in whole-wall resections of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of rats that had received an RYGB were quantified by Western blot studies. Sham-operated rats served as the control group. Profound changes in the analyzed barrier proteins occurred in the whole-wall resectates. Interestingly, the distribution patterns of barrier protein changes differed markedly between intestinal regions. To determine whether these changes were induced by regional changes in the microenvironment after RYGB- surgery, stool transfer experiments were performed in the reductionist cell culture system. Caco2 cell cultures served here as a model for the intestinal epithelial barrier. Functional measurements and quantitative analyses of the changes in the cell culture barrier proteins were performed. The functional measurements showed that the contents of the duodenum, jejunum, as well as the colon had significant barrier-stabilizing effects on the Caco2 cell monolayers. In addition, profound changes in the barrier proteins examined were evident. In summary, the present work was the first to demonstrate region-specific regulation of intestinal barrier proteins in correlation with functional measurements by RYGB. KW - Operation KW - Pathogenese KW - RYGB KW - terminal bar KW - Schlussleistenkomplex KW - intestinal epithelial barrier KW - bariatric surgery KW - Endotoxämie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305756 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fink, Nicolas Robin T1 - Hält doppelt besser? Retrospektiver Vergleich zweier operativer Therapiestrategien kindlicher Unterarmfrakturen T1 - Is two better than one? Retrospective comparison of two surgical treatment strategies of pediatric forearm fractures N2 - Die hier vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit dem Vergleich zweier minimalinvasiver operativer Therapiestrategien der distalen Unterarmfraktur als häufigster Fraktur im Kindesalter. Für die vorliegende Studie erfolgte eine umfassende retrospektive Auswertung von 122 Fällen distaler kindlicher Unterarmfrakturen aus einem Zeitraum von elf Jahren, die in der kinderchirurgischen Abteilung des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg osteosynthetisch versorgt wurden. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Betrachtung der Epidemiologie des Verletzungsbildes und des Therapieerfolges in Abhängigkeit von der gewählten Osteosynthesetechnik. Die Kinder wurden dabei entweder allein durch eine Kirschner-Draht-Osteosynthese des Radius oder durch eine zusätzliche Fixierung der Ulna mittels elastisch stabiler intramedullärer Nagelung versorgt. Durch beide Operationsstrategien konnte für die meisten Patientinnen und Patienten ein gutes Therapieergebnis erreicht werden. Hinsichtlich der Operations- und Hospitalisierungsdauer zeigte sich ein Vorteil für Kinder, die osteosynthetisch lediglich durch Kirschner-Drähte versorgt wurden. In anderen Studien beobachtete Komplikationen in Form sekundärer Dislokationen der Fraktur auch nach Osteosynthese oder Infektionen im Bereich der Drahtenden konnten im hier untersuchten Kollektiv seltener festgestellt werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass, sofern die Indikation zur operativen Versorgung besteht, die Fixierung des Radius allein mittels Kirschner-Drähten eine adäquate Therapie distaler Frakturen von Ulna und Radius im Kindesalter darstellt. Von einer kombinierten Osteosynthese mittels Kirschner-Drähten und ESIN könnten besonders Patientinnen und Patienten profitieren, bei denen initial große Dislokationen der Fraktur, Begleitverletzungen des Arms oder eine Lokalisation im Bereich des diametaphysären Übergangs bestehen. Um diese Beobachtungen auch in größeren Kollektiven und prospektiv sowie randomisiert zu untersuchen, sind weitere Studien wünschenswert. N2 - The present study deals with the comparison of two minimally invasive surgical treatment strategies of the distal forearm fracture as the most frequent fracture in childhood. The study shows a comprehensive retrospective evaluation of 122 cases of distal pediatric forearm fractures from a period of eleven years, which were treated osteosynthetically in the pediatric surgery department of the University Hospital of Würzburg. The aim of the study was to examine the epidemiology of the injury pattern and the therapeutic success in relation to the selected osteosynthesis technique. The children were treated either by Kirschner wire osteosynthesis of the radius alone or by additional fixation of the ulna using elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Both surgical strategies resulted in a good therapeutic outcome for most patients. With regard to the duration of surgery and hospitalization, there was an advantage for children who were treated osteosynthetically with Kirschner wires only. Complications observed in other studies in the form of secondary dislocation of the fracture even after osteosynthesis or infections in the area of the wire ends were found less frequently in the present collective. The present study shows that, if surgical treatment is indicated, fixation of the radius using Kirschner wires alone is an adequate therapy for distal fractures of the ulna and radius in childhood. Patients who initially have large dislocations of the fracture, concomitant injuries of the arm, or a localization in the area of the diametaphyseal transition could particularly benefit from a combined osteosynthesis using Kirschner wires and ESIN. Further studies are desirable to investigate these observations also in larger collectives, prospectively and randomized. KW - Unterarmbruch KW - Unterarmfraktur KW - ESIN KW - Kirschner-Draht KW - K-wire KW - ESIN KW - Forearm fracture Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-302604 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenschow, Christina A1 - Fuss, Carmina Teresa A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Kickuth, Ralph A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Stenzinger, Albrecht A1 - Hübschmann, Daniel A1 - Germer, Christoph Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Fröhling, Stefan A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Kroiss, Matthias T1 - Case Report: Abdominal Lymph Node Metastases of Parathyroid Carcinoma: Diagnostic Workup, Molecular Diagnosis, and Clinical Management JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an orphan malignancy accounting for only ~1% of all cases with primary hyperparathyroidism. The localization of recurrent PC is of critical importance and can be exceedingly difficult to diagnose and sometimes futile when common sites of recurrence in the neck and chest cannot be confirmed. Here, we present the diagnostic workup, molecular analysis and multimodal therapy of a 46-year old woman with the extraordinary manifestation of abdominal lymph node metastases 12 years after primary diagnosis of PC. The patient was referred to our endocrine tumor center in 2016 with the aim to localize the tumor causative of symptomatic biochemical recurrence. In view of the extensive previous workup we decided to perform [18F]FDG-PET-CT. A pathological lymph node in the liver hilus showed slightly increased FDG-uptake and hence was suspected as site of recurrence. Selective venous sampling confirmed increased parathyroid hormone concentration in liver veins. Abdominal lymph node metastasis was resected and histopathological examination confirmed PC. Within four months, the patient experienced biochemical recurrence and based on high tumor mutational burden detected in the surgical specimen by whole exome sequencing the patient received immunotherapy with pembrolizumab that led to a biochemical response. Subsequent to disease progression repeated abdominal lymph node resection was performed in 10/2018, 01/2019 and in 01/2020. Up to now (12/2020) the patient is biochemically free of disease. In conclusion, a multimodal diagnostic approach and therapy in an interdisciplinary setting is needed for patients with rare endocrine tumors. Molecular analyses may inform additional treatment options including checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab. KW - parathyroid carcinoma KW - abdominal lymph node metastases KW - molecular diagnostics KW - repeated surgery KW - [18F]FDG-PET-CT KW - immune check inhibitor KW - pembrolizumab Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233362 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Lenschow, Christina A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Kickuth, Ralph A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy for localization of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing repeat surgery JF - Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery N2 - Purpose Repeat surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with an increased risk of complications and failure. This stresses the need for optimized strategies to accurately localize a parathyroid adenoma before repeat surgery is performed. However, evidence on the extent of required diagnostics for a structured approach is sparse. Methods A retrospective single-center evaluation of 28 patients with an indication for surgery due to pHPT and previous thyroid or parathyroid surgery was performed. Diagnostic workup, surgical approach, and outcome in terms of complications and successful removement of parathyroid adenoma with biochemical cure were evaluated. Results Neck ultrasound, sestamibi scintigraphy, C11-methionine PET-CT, and selective parathyroid hormone venous sampling, but not MRI imaging, effectively detected the presence of a parathyroid adenoma with high positive predictive values. Biochemical cure was revealed by normalization of calcium and parathormone levels 24-48h after surgery and was achieved in 26/28 patients (92.9%) with an overall low rate of complications. Concordant localization by at least two diagnostic modalities enabled focused surgery with success rates of 100%, whereas inconclusive localization significantly increased the rate of bilateral explorations and significantly reduced the rate of biochemical cure to 80%. Conclusion These findings suggest that two concordant diagnostic modalities are sufficient to accurately localize parathyroid adenoma before repeat surgery for pHPT. In cases of poor localization, extended diagnostic procedures are warranted to enhance surgical success rates. We suggest an algorithm for better orientation when repeat surgery is intended in patients with pHPT. KW - Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) KW - preoperative localization KW - repeat surgery KW - diagnostics KW - imaging Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267520 SN - 1435-2451 VL - 406 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Vogel, Ulrich A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Lock, Johan Friso T1 - Defining the scope of antimicrobial stewardship interventions on the prescription quality of antibiotics for surgical intra-abdominal infections JF - Antibiotics N2 - Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions on surgical antibiotic prescription behavior in the management of non-elective surgical intra-abdominal infections, focusing on postoperative antibiotic use, including the appropriateness of indications. Methods: A single-center quality improvement study with retrospective evaluation of the impact of antimicrobial stewardship measures on optimizing antibacterial use in intra-abdominal infections requiring emergency surgery was performed. The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Germany from January 1, 2016, to January 30, 2020, three years after putting a set of antimicrobial stewardship standards into effect. Results: 767 patients were analyzed (n = 495 in 2016 and 2017, the baseline period; n = 272 in 2018, the antimicrobial stewardship period). The total days of therapy per 100 patient days declined from 47.0 to 42.2 days (p = 0.035). The rate of patients receiving postoperative therapy decreased from 56.8% to 45.2% (p = 0.002), comparing both periods. There was a significant decline in the rate of inappropriate indications (17.4% to 8.1 %, p = 0.015) as well as a significant change from broad-spectrum to narrow-spectrum antibiotic use (28.8% to 6.5%, p ≤ 0.001) for postoperative therapy. The significant decline in antibiotic use did not affect either clinical outcomes or the rate of postoperative wound complications. Conclusions: Postoperative antibiotic use for intra-abdominal infections could be significantly reduced by antimicrobial stewardship interventions. The identification of inappropriate indications remains a key target for antimicrobial stewardship programs. KW - antimicrobial stewardship KW - antibiotic prescription behavior KW - surgical intra-abdominal infections KW - post-operative antibiotic treatment Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223034 SN - 2079-6382 VL - 10 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. A1 - Kudsi, O. Yusef A1 - Garcia-Ureña, Miguel A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Maksimovic, Sladjana A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie III: Robotische Inzisionalhernienversorgung mit „transversus abdominis release“ (r-TAR). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie JF - Der Chirurg N2 - Das Prinzip der gezielten Trennung bzw. Schwächung einzelner Komponenten der Bauchdecke zur Spannungsentlastung der Medianlinie bei großen abdominellen Rekonstruktionen ist seit über 30 Jahren als anteriore Komponentenseparation (aKS) bekannt und ein etabliertes Verfahren. Auf der Suche nach Alternativen mit geringerer Komplikationsrate wurde die posteriore Komponentenseparation (pKS) entwickelt; der „transversus abdominis release“ (TAR) ist eine nervenschonende Modifikation der pKS. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik (z. B. abgewinkelte Instrumente) kann der TAR minimal-invasiv durchgeführt werden (r-TAR): Bruchlücken von bis zu 14 cm lassen sich verschließen und ein großes extraperitoneales Netz implantieren. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung großer Inzisionalhernien in der r‑TAR-Technik präsentiert. Exemplarisch werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 13 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt. Der Eingriff ist anspruchsvoll, die eigenen Ergebnisse sind – wie auch die Berichte aus der Literatur – ermutigend. Der r‑TAR entwickelt sich zur Königsdisziplin der Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion. KW - posteriore Komponentenseparation KW - Robotik KW - inzisionale Hernie KW - ventrale Hernie KW - retromuskuläres Netz Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265172 VL - 92 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauruschkat, Chris D. A1 - Page, Lukas A1 - White, P. Lewis A1 - Etter, Sonja A1 - Davies, Helen E. A1 - Duckers, Jamie A1 - Ebel, Frank A1 - Schnack, Elisabeth A1 - Backx, Matthijs A1 - Dragan, Mariola A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Kniemeyer, Olaf A1 - Brakhage, Axel A. A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Loeffler, Juergen A1 - Wurster, Sebastian T1 - Development of a simple and robust whole blood assay with dual co-stimulation to quantify the release of T-cellular signature cytokines in response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens JF - Journal of Fungi N2 - Deeper understanding of mold-induced cytokine signatures could promote advances in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive mycoses and mold-associated hypersensitivity syndromes. Currently, most T-cellular immunoassays in medical mycology require the isolation of mononuclear cells and have limited robustness and practicability, hampering their broader applicability in clinical practice. Therefore, we developed a simple, cost-efficient whole blood (WB) assay with dual α-CD28 and α-CD49d co-stimulation to quantify cytokine secretion in response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens. Dual co-stimulation strongly enhanced A. fumigatus-induced release of T-cellular signature cytokines detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a multiplex cytokine assay. Furthermore, T-cell-dependent activation and cytokine response of innate immune cells was captured by the assay. The protocol consistently showed little technical variation and high robustness to pre-analytic delays of up to 8 h. Stimulation with an A. fumigatus lysate elicited at least 7-fold greater median concentrations of key T-helper cell signature cytokines, including IL-17 and the type 2 T-helper cell cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in WB samples from patients with Aspergillus-associated lung pathologies versus patients with non-mold-related lung diseases, suggesting high discriminatory power of the assay. These results position WB-ELISA with dual co-stimulation as a simple, accurate, and robust immunoassay for translational applications, encouraging further evaluation as a platform to monitor host immunity to opportunistic pathogens. KW - immunoassay KW - biomarker KW - Aspergillus KW - cytokines KW - inflammation KW - adaptive immunity Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241025 SN - 2309-608X VL - 7 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena A1 - Wiegering, Verena A1 - Benoit, Clemens A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Maurus, Katja A1 - Ernestus, Karen T1 - A large retroperitoneal lipoblastoma as an incidental finding: a case report JF - BMC Pediatrics N2 - Background Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm of infancy that most commonly occurs on the extremities and trunk but can arise at variable sites of the body. Retroperitoneal lipoblastomas are particularly rare but can grow to enormous size, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult with diverse, mostly malignant differential diagnoses that would lead to aggressive therapy. Since lipoblastoma is a benign tumor that has an excellent prognosis after resection, correct diagnosis is crucial. Case presentation A case of a large retroperitoneal tumor of a 24-month old infant that was clinically suspicious of a malignant tumor is presented. Due to proximity to the right kidney, clinically most probably a nephroblastoma or clear cell sarcoma of the kidney was suspected. Radiological findings were ambiguous. Therefore, the mass was biopsied, and histology revealed an adipocytic lesion. Although mostly composed of mature adipocytes, in view of the age of the patient, the differential diagnosis of a (maturing) lipoblastoma was raised, which was supported by molecular analysis demonstrating a HAS2-PLAG1 fusion. The tumor was completely resected, and further histopathological workup led to the final diagnosis of a 13 cm large retroperitoneal maturing lipoblastoma. The child recovered promptly from surgery and showed no evidence of recurrence so far. Conclusion Although rare, lipoblastoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of retroperitoneal tumors in infants and children, and molecular diagnostic approaches could be a helpful diagnostic adjunct in challenging cases. KW - retroperitoneal tumor KW - pediatric KW - lipoblastoma KW - PLAG1 rearrangement KW - case report Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260173 VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayisoglu, Özge A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Bartfeld, Sina T1 - Gastrointestinal epithelial innate immunity-regionalization and organoids as new model JF - Journal of Molecular Medicine N2 - The human gastrointestinal tract is in constant contact with microbial stimuli. Its barriers have to ensure co-existence with the commensal bacteria, while enabling surveillance of intruding pathogens. At the centre of the interaction lies the epithelial layer, which marks the boundaries of the body. It is equipped with a multitude of different innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors, to mount inflammatory responses to microbes. Dysfunction of this intricate system results in inflammation-associated pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the complexity of the cellular interactions, their molecular basis and their development remains poorly understood. In recent years, stem cell-derived organoids have gained increasing attention as promising models for both development and a broad range of pathologies, including infectious diseases. In addition, organoids enable the study of epithelial innate immunity in vitro. In this review, we focus on the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and its regional organization to discuss innate immune sensing and development. KW - regionalization and organoids KW - immunity KW - gastrointestinal tract Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265220 VL - 99 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kettler, Julia T1 - Der antiproliferative Effekt des epigenetischen BRD4- Inhibitors JQ1 auf den proliferativen Phänotyp humaner kolorektaler Karzinomzellen T1 - The antiproliferative effect of epigenetic BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 on the proliferative phenotype of human colorectal cancer cells N2 - Der niedermolekulare Inhibitor JQ1 bindet an der Bromodomäne von BRD4, ein auf epigenetischer Ebene agierendes Protein. Der antiproliferative Effekt von JQ1 wurde bisher bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten vor allem des lymphatischen und blutbildenden Systems gezeigt. In dieser Arbeit wurde der antiproliferative Effekt von JQ1 an fünf humanen kolorektalen Karzinomzelllinien im Vergleich zu nicht transformierten Kontrollzellen (Fibroblasten) in Normoxie, Hypoxie und in der Langzeitkultur nachgewiesen. Außerdem verringerte JQ1 die Expression von MYC auf Protein- und mRNA-Ebene und steigerte die Transkription des durch MYC negativ regulierten Zielegens p21. Diese Steigerung korrelierte mit einem Zellzyklusarrest in der G0/G1-Phase in vier von fünf kolorektalen Karzinomzelllinien. N2 - The small molecule inhibitor JQ1 binds to the bromodomain of BRD4, a protein acting on the epigenetic level. The antiproliferative effect of JQ1 has been shown in various tumor entities, especially in lymphatic and hematopoietic systems. In this study, the antiproliferative effect of JQ1 was demonstrated in five human colorectal carcinoma cell lines compared to non-transformed control cells (fibroblasts) in normoxia, hypoxia and long-term culture. In addition, JQ1 reduced expression of MYC at the protein and mRNA levels and increased transcription of MYC-negatively regulated target p21. This increase correlated with a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in four of five colorectal carcinoma cell lines. KW - MYC KW - JQ1 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176418 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fuhr, Sebastian T1 - Behandlungsoptionen Offene Abdomen Therapie - Entwicklung und Validierung eines multizentrischen Registers T1 - Treatment options Open Abdomen Therapy - Development and validation of a multicenter registry N2 - Die Offene Abdomen Therapie (OAT) stellt eine der größten Herausforderungen im Bereich der Chirurgie dar. Ziel war es ein offenes, kostenloses und internationales Register zu entwickeln, um eine Basis für zukünftige Therapien und den Weg zu einer evidenzbasierten Leitlinie zu legen. Es wurden 630 Fälle identifiziert welche mittels OAT behandelt wurden und im Rahmen einer gemischt retrospektiven als auch prospektiven Datenauswertung in das von uns entwickelte Register eingetragen. Schwerpunkte waren dabei einerseits die Praktikabilität des Registers zu testen als auch Einflussfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche OAT zu finden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Register in seiner Konzeption funktioniert und in der ersten Auswertungen Einflussfaktoren für eine erhöhte Faszienverschlussrate gefunden werden konnten. Der verbesserte Faszienverschluss am Ende der Therapie mit zeitgleich reduzierter Komplikationsrate ist möglich. Aus diesem Grund besitzt die konsequente Nutzung des Registers von behandelnden Einrichtungen, die wo immer mögliche lückenlose Dokumentation, sowie die multizentrische Auswertung der Daten einen hohen Stellenwert in Hinsicht auf Prävention, Therapie und Nachsorge der OAT. N2 - Open abdomen therapy (OAT) represents one of the greatest challenges in the field of surgery. The aim was to develop an open, free and international registry to provide a basis for future therapies and to pave the way for an evidence-based guideline. We identified 630 cases treated with OAT and entered them into the registry in a mixed retrospective and prospective data analysis. The main focus was to test the practicability of the registry as well as to find influencing factors for a successful OAT. It could be shown that the register works in its conception and in the first evaluations influencing factors for an increased fascial closure rate could be found. Improved fascial closure at the end of therapy with a simultaneously reduced complication rate is possible. For this reason, the consistent use of the registry by treating institutions, the complete documentation wherever possible, as well as the multicenter evaluation of the data is of high importance with regard to prevention, therapy and follow-up of OAT. KW - Chirurgie KW - Laparostomie KW - Laparotomie KW - Offene Abdomen Therapie KW - Open abdomen therapy KW - Registerstudie KW - Multizentrisches Register Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257080 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dörries, Luise T1 - Einfluss der präoperativen Konditionierung mittels Magenballon vor bariatrischer Operation auf den Therapieerfolg bei extremer Adipositas – Eine retrospektive Vergleichsstudie T1 - Impact of preoperative weight loss achieved by gastric balloon on peri‑ and postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery in super‑obese patients - a retrospective matched‑pair analysis N2 - Die Adipositaschirurgie ist die effektivste Methode in der Behandlung der Adipositas. Bei extrem adipösen Patientin ist eine primäre Operation oftmals riskant. Die Anlage eines Magenballons als erster Schritt von Mehrstufenkonzepten kann die Operabilität gewährleisten und die perioperative Sicherheit erhöhen. Durch den Magenballon wird ein signifikanter Gewichtsverlust erreicht. Der postoperative Gewichtsverlust fällt allerdings schwächer aus. Es ist wichtig, den Patienten realistische Therapieergebnisse zu vermitteln, um überhöhte Erwartungen und Unzufriedenheit zu vermeiden. Die Sleevegastrektomie eignet sich besonders für extrem adipöse Patienten, da diese eine geringere Komplikationsrate aufweist und einfach in einen Roux-en-Y Bypass umzuwandeln ist. N2 - Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective method in the treatment of obesity. In extreme obese patients, primary surgery is often challenging and risky. A treatment with gastric balloon as first of more-stage concepts can make surgery possible and increase the perioperative safety. As a result of the gastric balloon a significant weight loss can be achieved. However, postoperative weight loss is reduced. It is important to convey patients realistic results in order to avoid excessive expectations and dissatification. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is favourable for extrem obese patient because of its lower complication rate and good technical feasibility of conversion to roux-en-y gastric bypass. KW - Sleeve-Resektion KW - Magenbypass KW - Magenballon KW - extreme Adipositas Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-272945 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reimer, Stanislaus A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Widder, Anna A1 - Plaßmeier, Lars A1 - Döring, Anna A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Meining, Alexander A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Groneberg, Kaja A1 - Seyfried, Florian T1 - Endoscopic management of large leakages after upper gastrointestinal surgery JF - Frontiers in Surgery N2 - Background Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is an evidence-based option to treat anastomotic leakages of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but the technical challenges and clinical outcomes of patients with large defects remain poorly described. Methods All patients with leakages of the upper GI tract that were treated with endoscopic negative pressure therapy at our institution from 2012–2021 were analyzed. Patients with large defects (>30 mm) as an indicator of complex treatment were compared to patients with smaller defects (control group). Results Ninety-two patients with postoperative anastomotic or staplerline leakages were identified, of whom 20 (21.7%) had large defects. Compared to the control group, these patients required prolonged therapy (42 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001) and hospital stay (63 vs. 26 days, p < 0.001) and developed significantly more septic complications (40 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.027.) which often necessitated additional endoscopic and/or surgical/interventional treatments (45 vs. 17.4%, p = 0.007.) Nevertheless, a resolution of leakages was achieved in 80% of patients with large defects, which was similar compared to the control group (p = 0.42). Multiple leakages, especially on the opposite side, along with other local unfavorable conditions, such as foreign material mass, limited access to the defect or extensive necrosis occurred significantly more often in cases with large defects (p < 0.001). Conclusions Overall, our study confirms that EVT for leakages even from large defects of the upper GI tract is feasible in most cases but comes with significant technical challenges. KW - anastomotic leakage KW - endoluminal KW - vacuum-assisted closure KW - negative pressure KW - endoscopic Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-274044 SN - 2296-875X VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Widder, Anna A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic left hemicolectomy — postoperative inflammation status, short-term outcome and cost effectiveness JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Robotic-assisted colon surgery may contain advantages over the laparoscopic approach, but clear evidence is sparse. This study aimed to analyze postoperative inflammation status, short-term outcome and cost-effectiveness of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. All consecutive patients who received minimal-invasive left hemicolectomy at the Department of Surgery I at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg in 2021 were prospectively included. Importantly, no patient selection for either procedure was carried out. The robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic approaches were compared head to head for postoperative short-term outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness. A total of 61 patients were included, with 26 patients having received a robotic-assisted approach. Baseline characteristics did not differ among the groups. Patients receiving a robotic-assisted approach had a significantly decreased length of hospital stay as well as lower rates of complications in comparison to patients who received laparoscopic surgery (n = 35). In addition, C-reactive protein as a marker of systemic stress response was significantly reduced postoperatively in patients who were operated on in a robotic-assisted manner. Consequently, robotic-assisted surgery could be performed in a cost-effective manner. Thus, robotic-assisted left hemicolectomy represents a safe and cost-effective procedure and might improve patient outcomes in comparison to laparoscopic surgery. KW - robotic surgery KW - colon resection KW - postoperative inflammation KW - cost-effectiveness KW - left hemicolectomy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286203 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 IS - 17 ER - TY - THES A1 - Osterholt [geb. Callies], Simone Caroline T1 - Die Bedeutung von tumorzellassoziierter CD137L-Aktivierung für das Proliferationsverhalten und das Proteinexpressions- und -sekretionsprofil von humanen Kolonkarzinomzellen T1 - Effects of CD137L-mediated reverse signaling on protein expression and secretion in human colon cancer cells N2 - CD137 und CD137L stellen ein Rezeptor-Liganden-Paar dar, welches auf vielen Immunzellen exprimiert wird und eine wichtige Rolle im Rahmen der Immunstimulation spielt. CD137L fungiert jedoch nicht nur als Ligand sondern auch als Rezeptor und vermittelt als ein solcher Signale in die ihn exprimierende Zelle. Neben seinem Vorkommen auf Immunzellen wird CD137L auch von einigen Tumorzellen exprimiert, unter anderem auch auf denen des Kolonkarzinoms. In dieser Tumorentität korreliert eine hohe CD137L-Expression mit dem Auftreten von Fernmetastasen und einer insgesamt schlechteren Prognose. Die genaue Rolle von CD137L im Kolonkarzinom ist bislang kaum erforscht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden daher die Auswirkungen einer CD137L-Aktivierung auf die Proliferation sowie die Proteinexpression und -sekretion von Kolonkarzinomzellen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten erstmals darauf hin, dass die CD137L-Stimulation in vitro die Proliferation der entarteten Zellen reduziert und die Expression bzw. Sekretion der Proteine Vimentin, TLR7, VEGF und PDGF steigert. Hieraus wird geschlossen, dass eine Stimulation des von den Kolonkarzinomzellen exprimierten CD137L dazu führt, dass sich der Phänotyp der Tumorzellen von einem epithelialen in Richtung eines mesenchymalen Zelltyps verändert. Darüber hinaus werden vermehrt Proteine exprimiert und sezerniert, welche über unterschiedliche Signalwege an der Invasion und Migration der entarteten Zellen beteiligt sind. Folglich lässt sich annehmen, dass CD137L eine entscheidende Rolle im Metastasierungsprozess von humanen Kolonkarzinomzellen spielt. Sollte sich dies in weiterführenden Untersuchungen bestätigen, könnte eine pharmazeutische Beeinflussung der beteiligten Signalwege möglicherweise die Prognose von an Kolonkarzinomen erkrankten Patient:innen deutlich verbessern. N2 - CD137 and CD137L represent a receptor/ligand-pair expressed on a variety of immune cells which exerts an important immunostimulatory effect. Besides its function as a ligand to CD137, CD137L also acts as a receptor itself, thereby transmitting signals into the cell via reverse signaling. Apart from being expressed on immune cells CD137L is also found on many tumor cells, including colon carcinoma cells. In this tumor entity the expression is positively correlated with distant metastases and poor prognosis, nevertheless little is known about the function of CD137L in the progression of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CD137L-mediated reverse signaling on protein expression and secretion in human colon cancer cells in vitro. The results indicate for the first time that a stimulation of the cells via CD137L induces a decreased proliferation and an increased expression or secretion of the proteins vimentin, TLR7, VEGF and PDGF. Reverse signaling via CD137L proposedly leads to a transition of the cancer cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. In addition, the increasingly expressed and secreted proteins presumably activate signaling pathways which are involved in the invasion and migration of the tumor cells. Hence it is suggested, that CD137L plays a crucial role in the process of metastasis of human colon cancer cells. Should this be confirmed by further studies, impairing this pathway could represent a promising new therapeutic approach which could improve the prognosis of patients suffering from colon cancer. KW - Colonkrebs KW - Metastase KW - Immun-Checkpoint KW - CD137 KW - CD137L Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293382 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nagel, Kathrin T1 - Definition und Diagnostik des postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus nach Thyreoidektomie - ein systematischer Review und Metaanalyse T1 - Definition and diagnosis of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis N2 - Der postoperative Hypoparathyreoidismus (PH) stellt eine der häufigsten Komplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen dar. Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews und Metaanalyse ist die Erarbeitung einer einheitlichen Definition sowie die Ermittlung des bestmöglichen Ansatzes für eine frühzeitige Detektion des PH. Nach Durchführung einer systematischen Literaturrecherche gemäß der PICo-Systematik unter Verwendung der Datenbanken Embase, Pubmed und der Cochrane Library, erfolgte die themenbezogene Aufarbeitung der eingeschlossenen Studien, sowie eine Bias-Bewertung und Metaanalyse geeigneter Arbeiten. Von 13.704 Artikeln konnten 188 in die weitere Analyse eingeschlossen werden. In diesen fanden sich sehr heterogene Definitionen des PH. Sowohl in der systematischen Analyse als auch in der Metaanalyse zeigte sich eine genauere Vorhersagekraft des PH durch eine postoperative im Vergleich zu einer intraoperativen PTH-Messung. Keiner der analysierten Zeiträume innerhalb des ersten postoperativen Tages (POD1) zeigte eine signifikante Überlegenheit in der Vorhersage eines PH. Die PTH- Schwellenwerte 10 bzw. 15 pg/ml können einen PH zuverlässig detektieren. Als Entscheidungsgrundlage zwischen den beiden Werten kann die untere Normwertgrenze des angewendeten Testverfahrens herangezogen werden. Bei präoperativer PTH-Abnahme nach Anästhesieeinleitung ist ein relativer PTH-Abfall von prä- nach postoperativ von 73 ± 11% prädiktiv für die Entwicklung eines PH. Die Bestimmung des Calciumspiegels an POD1 ist obligat und optimiert insbesondere die Erkennung einer biochemischen Hypokalzämie. Ein nicht nachweisbarer oder inadäquat niedriger postoperativer PTH-Spiegel im Zusammenhang mit einer biochemischen oder symptomatischen Hypokalzämie kann als einheitliche Definition des postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus vorgeschlagen werden. Die Messung des Parathormons sollte zwischen einer und sechs Stunden postoperativ, spätestens aber innerhalb von 24 Stunden erfolgen. Sowohl der Schwellenwert ≤ 15 pg/ml als auch ein relativer PTH-Abfall von prä- nach postoperativ sind zuverlässig in der Detektion gefährdeter Patienten. N2 - Background: Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (PH) is the most frequent complication after thyroid surgery. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize a unifying definition of PH and to elucidate the best possible approach for early detection of PH. Methods: A systematic review of the literature according to the PICO framework using Embase, PUBMED and the Cochrane library was carried out on 1 December 2021 followed by analysis for risk of bias, data extraction and meta-analysis. All studies addressing the definition of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and/or diagnostic approaches for early detection and diagnosis were included. Case reports, commentaries, non-English articles, book chapters and pilot studies and reviews were excluded. Results: From 13 704 articles, 188 articles were eligible for inclusion and further analysis. These articles provided heterogeneous definitions of PH. Meta-analysis revealed that postoperative measurements of parathormone (PTH) levels have a higher sensitivity and specificity than intraoperative PTH measurements to predict PH after thyroid surgery. None of the timeframes analysed after surgery within the first postoperative day (POD1) was superior to predict the onset of PH. PTH levels of less than 15 pg/ml and less than 10 pg/ml are both reliable threshold levels to predict the postoperative onset of PH. A relative reduction of mean (s.d.) PTH levels from pre- to postoperative values of 73 (+/- 11) per cent may also be predictive for the development of PH. The estimation of calcium levels on POD1 are recommended. Conclusion: PH is best defined as an undetectable or inappropriately low postoperative PTH level in the context of hypocalcaemia with or without hypocalcaemic symptoms. PTH levels should be measured after surgery within 24 h. Both threshold levels below 10 and 15 pg/ml or relative loss of PTH before/after thyroid surgery are reliable to predict the onset of PH. KW - Hypoparathyreoidismus KW - Thyreoidektomie KW - postoperative Komplikationen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300083 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Baum, Philip A1 - Lehmann, Kai A1 - Uttinger, Konstatin A1 - Baumann, Nikolas A1 - Pietryga, Sebastian A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Lock, Johann F. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Disproportionately high failure to rescue rates after resection for colorectal cancer in the geriatric patient population - A nationwide study JF - Cancer Medicine N2 - Background Colorectal cancer incidence increases with patient age. The aim of this study was to assess, at the nationwide level, in-hospital mortality, and failure to rescue in geriatric patients (≥ 80 years old) with colorectal cancer arising from postoperative complications. Methods All patients receiving surgery for colorectal cancer in Germany between 2012 and 2018 were identified in a nationwide database. Association between age and in-hospital mortality following surgery and failure to rescue, defined as death after complication, were determined in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Three lakh twenty-eight thousands two hundred and ninety patients with colorectal cancer were included of whom 77,287 were 80 years or older. With increasing age, a significant relative increase in right hemicolectomy was observed. In general, these patients had more comorbid conditions and higher frailty. In-hospital mortality following colorectal cancer surgery was 4.9% but geriatric patients displayed a significantly higher postoperative in-hospital mortality of 10.6%. The overall postoperative complication rate as well as failure to rescue increased with age. In contrast, surgical site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leakage (AL) did not increase in geriatric patients, whereas the associated mortality increased disproportionately (13.3% for SSI and 29.9% mortality for patients with AI, both p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders showed that geriatric patients had almost five-times higher odds for death after surgery than the baseline age group below 60 (OR 4.86; 95%CI [4.45–5.53], p < 0.001). Conclusion Geriatric patients have higher mortality after colorectal cancer surgery. This may be partly due to higher frailty and disproportionately higher rates of failure to rescue arising from postoperative complications. KW - colorectal cancer KW - geriatric KW - octogenerians KW - surgery Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312858 VL - 11 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin L. A1 - Riedmeier, Maria A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Germer, Christoph Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Wiegering, Verena T1 - Adrenalectomies in children and adolescents in Germany – a diagnose related groups based analysis from 2009-2017 JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Background Adrenalectomies are rare procedures especially in childhood. So far, no large cohort study on this topic has been published with data on to age distribution, operative procedures, hospital volume and operative outcome. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of anonymized nationwide hospital billing data (DRG data, 2009-2017). All adrenal surgeries (defined by OPS codes) of patients between the age 0 and 21 years in Germany were included. Results A total of 523 patient records were identified. The mean age was 8.6 ± 7.7 years and 262 patients were female (50.1%). The majority of patients were between 0 and 5 years old (52% overall), while 11.1% were between 6 and 11 and 38.8% older than 12 years. The most common diagnoses were malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland (56%, mostly neuroblastoma) with the majority being younger than 5 years. Benign neoplasms in the adrenal gland (D350) account for 29% of all cases with the majority of affected patients being 12 years or older. 15% were not defined regarding tumor behavior. Overall complication rate was 27% with a clear higher complication rate in resection for malignant neoplasia of the adrenal gland. Bleeding occurrence and transfusions are the main complications, followed by the necessary of relaparotomy. There was an uneven patient distribution between hospital tertiles (low volume, medium and high volume tertile). While 164 patients received surgery in 85 different “low volume” hospitals (0.2 cases per hospital per year), 205 patients received surgery in 8 different “high volume” hospitals (2.8 cases per hospital per year; p<0.001). Patients in high volume centers were significant younger, had more extended resections and more often malignant neoplasia. In multivariable analysis younger age, extended resections and open procedures were independent predictors for occurrence of postoperative complications. Conclusion Overall complication rate of adrenalectomies in the pediatric population in Germany is low, demonstrating good therapeutic quality. Our analysis revealed a very uneven distribution of patient volume among hospitals. KW - pediatric KW - neuroblastoma – diagnosis KW - therapy KW - adrenocortical adenocarcinoma KW - outcome KW - volume KW - adrenalectomia Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282280 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leikam, C A1 - Hufnagel, AL A1 - Otto, C A1 - Murphy, DJ A1 - Mühling, B A1 - Kneitz, S A1 - Nanda, I A1 - Schmid, M A1 - Wagner, TU A1 - Haferkamp, S A1 - Bröcker, E-B A1 - Schartl, M A1 - Meierjohann, S T1 - In vitro evidence for senescent multinucleated melanocytes as a source for tumor-initiating cells JF - Cell Death and Disease N2 - Oncogenic signaling in melanocytes results in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a stable cell-cycle arrest frequently characterized by a bi-or multinuclear phenotype that is considered as a barrier to cancer progression. However, the long-sustained conviction that senescence is a truly irreversible process has recently been challenged. Still, it is not known whether cells driven into OIS can progress to cancer and thereby pose a potential threat. Here, we show that prolonged expression of the melanoma oncogene N-RAS\(^{61K}\) in pigment cells overcomes OIS by triggering the emergence of tumor-initiating mononucleated stem-like cells from senescent cells. This progeny is dedifferentiated, highly proliferative, anoikis-resistant and induces fast growing, metastatic tumors. Our data describe that differentiated cells, which are driven into senescence by an oncogene, use this senescence state as trigger for tumor transformation, giving rise to highly aggressive tumor-initiating cells. These observations provide the first experimental in vitro evidence for the evasion of OIS on the cellular level and ensuing transformation. KW - reactive oxygen KW - human melanoma KW - MITF KW - cancer KW - skin KW - DNA damage KW - kappa-B KW - oncogene-induced senescence KW - cellular senescence Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148718 VL - 6 IS - e1711 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Acar, Laura A1 - Wagner, Johanna C. A1 - Baum, Philip A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - L’hoest, Helmut A1 - Marschall, Ursula A1 - Lock, Johan Friso A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Cancer diagnosis is one quarter lower than the expected cancer incidence in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A retrospective register-based cohort study JF - Cancer Communications N2 - No abstract available. KW - cancer diagnosis KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312862 VL - 42 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köhler, Franziska A1 - Reese, Lena A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Müller, Sophie A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Low-grade mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) of the appendix in Germany between 2011 and 2018: a nationwide analysis based on data provided by the German Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) JF - Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery N2 - Introduction Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are semi-malignant tumors of the appendix which are incidentally found in up to 1% of appendectomy specimen. To this day, no valid descriptive analysis on LAMN is available for the German population. Methods Data of LAMN (ICD-10: D37.3) were collected from the population-based cancer registries in Germany, provided by the German Center for Cancer Registry Data (Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten—ZfKD). Data was anonymized and included gender, age at diagnosis, tumor staging according to the TNM-classification, state of residence, information on the performed therapy, and survival data. Results A total of 612 cases were reported to the ZfKD between 2011 and 2018. A total of 63.07% were female and 36.93% were male. Great inhomogeneity in reporting cases was seen in the federal states of Germany including the fact that some federal states did not report any cases at all. Age distribution showed a mean age of 62.03 years (SD 16.15) at diagnosis. However, data on tumor stage was only available in 24.86% of cases (n = 152). A total of 49.34% of these patients presented with a T4-stage. Likewise, information regarding performed therapy was available in the minority of patients: 269 patients received surgery, 22 did not and for 312 cases no information was available. Twenty-four patients received chemotherapy, 188 did not, and for 400 cases, no information was available. Overall 5-year survival was estimated at 79.52%. Patients below the age of 55 years at time of diagnosis had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate compared to patients above the age of 55 years (85.77% vs. 73.27%). Discussion In this study, we observed an incidence of LAMN in 0.13% of all appendectomy specimen in 2018. It seems likely that not all cases were reported to the ZfKD; therefore, case numbers may be considered underestimated. Age and gender distribution goes in line with international studies with females being predominantly affected. Especially regarding tumor stage and therapy in depth information cannot be provided through the ZfKD-database. This data analysis emphasizes the need for further studies and the need for setting up a specialized registry for this unique tumor entity to develop guidelines for the appropriate treatment and follow-up. KW - LAMN KW - low-grade mucinous neoplasm KW - appendix KW - epidemiology KW - ZfKD KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323919 VL - 407 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin L. A1 - Reuter, Miriam A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Hankir, Mohamed A1 - Wiegering, Verena A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Lock, Johan Friso A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Differences in morbidity and mortality between unilateral adrenalectomy for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome and bilateral adrenalectomy for therapy refractory extra-adrenal Cushing’s syndrome JF - Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery N2 - Purpose In selected cases of severe Cushing’s syndrome due to uncontrolled ACTH secretion, bilateral adrenalectomy appears unavoidable. Compared with unilateral adrenalectomy (for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome), bilateral adrenalectomy has a perceived higher perioperative morbidity. The aim of the current study was to compare both interventions in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome regarding postoperative outcomes. Methods We report a single-center, retrospective cohort study comparing patients with hypercortisolism undergoing bilateral vs. unilateral adrenalectomy during 2008–2021. Patients with adrenal Cushing’s syndrome due to adenoma were compared with patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (Cushing’s disease and ectopic ACTH production) focusing on postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as long-term survival. Results Of 83 patients with adrenalectomy for hypercortisolism (65.1% female, median age 53 years), the indication for adrenalectomy was due to adrenal Cushing’s syndrome in 60 patients (72.2%; 59 unilateral and one bilateral), and due to hypercortisolism caused by Cushing’s disease (n = 16) or non-pituitary uncontrolled ACTH secretion of unknown origin (n = 7) (27.7% of all adrenalectomies). Compared with unilateral adrenalectomy (n = 59), patients with bilateral adrenalectomy (n = 24) had a higher rate of severe complications (0% vs. 33%; p < 0.001) and delayed recovery (median: 10.2% vs. 79.2%; p < 0.001). Using the MTL30 marker, patients with bilateral adrenalectomy fared worse than patients after unilateral surgery (MTL30 positive: 7.2% vs. 25.0% p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality was increased in patients with bilateral adrenalectomy (0% vs. 8.3%; p = 0.081). Conclusion While unilateral adrenalectomy for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome represents a safe and definitive therapeutic option, bilateral adrenalectomy to control ACTH-dependent extra-adrenal Cushing’s syndrome or Cushing’s disease is a more complicated intervention with a mortality of nearly 10%. KW - Cushing KW - adrenal surgery KW - MTL30 KW - complication Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323947 VL - 407 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dewulf, Maxime A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. A1 - Montgomery, Agneta A1 - Pauli, Eric M. A1 - Marturano, Matthew N. A1 - Ayuso, Sullivan A. A1 - Augenstein, Vedra A. A1 - Lambrecht, Jan R. A1 - Köhler, Gernot A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Muysoms, Filip T1 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie Teil IV : Roboterassistierte endoskopische parastomale Hernienversorgung. Videobericht und Ergebnisse JF - Chirurgie N2 - Die chirurgische Behandlung parastomaler Hernien gilt als komplex und ist bekanntermaßen komplikationsträchtig. In der Vergangenheit wurden diese Hernien durch die Relokation des Stomas oder Nahtverfahren der Austrittstelle versorgt. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene netzbasierte Techniken vorgeschlagen, die heute in der minimal-invasiven Chirurgie eingesetzt werden. Mit der Verbreitung der roboterassistierten Hernienchirurgie wurden die Netzverfahren weiterentwickelt und die Ergebnisse für die Patienten erheblich verbessert. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über die verfügbaren Techniken der roboterassistierten Versorgung parastomaler Hernien präsentiert. Es werden technische Überlegungen und erste Ergebnisse des roboterassistierten modifizierten Sugarbaker-Verfahrens, der roboterassistierten Pauli-Technik und der Verwendung des trichterförmigen Netzes IPST vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Herausforderungen bei der roboterassistierten Versorgung parastomaler Hernien am Ileum-Conduit diskutiert. Die Operationstechniken werden durch Foto- und Videomaterial veranschaulicht. N2 - The surgical treatment of parastomal hernias is considered complex and is known to be prone to complications. Traditionally, this condition was treated using relocation techniques or local suture repairs. Since then, several mesh-based techniques have been proposed and are nowadays used in minimally invasive surgery. Since the introduction of robot-assisted surgery to the field of abdominal wall surgery, several adaptations to these techniques have been made, which may significantly improve patient outcomes. In this contribution, we provide an overview of available techniques in robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair. Technical considerations and preliminary results of robot-assisted modified Sugarbaker repair, robot-assisted Pauli technique, and minimally invasive use of a funnel-shaped mesh in the treatment of parastomal hernias are presented. Furthermore, challenges in robot-assisted ileal conduit parastomal hernia repair are discussed. These techniques are illustrated by photographic and video material. Besides providing a comprehensive overview of robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair, this article focuses on the specific advantages of robot-assisted techniques in the treatment of this condition. T2 - Robotic hernia surgery IV. German version Robotic parastomal hernia repair. Video report and preliminary results KW - Parastomale Hernie KW - Ileum-Conduit KW - Pauli-Verfahren KW - Trichternetz (IPST) KW - Modifizierte Sugarbaker-Technik KW - parastomal hernia KW - ileal conduit KW - Pauli procedure KW - funnel mesh (IPST) KW - modified Sugarbaker technique Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323882 VL - 93 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Widder, A. A1 - Backhaus, J. A1 - Wierlemann, A. A1 - Hering, I. A1 - Flemming, S. A1 - Hankir, M. A1 - Germer, C.-T. A1 - Wiegering, A. A1 - Lock, J. F. A1 - König, S. A1 - Seyfried, F. T1 - Optimizing laparoscopic training efficacy by ’deconstruction into key steps’: a randomized controlled trial with novice medical students JF - Surgical Endoscopy N2 - Background Simulator training is an effective way of acquiring laparoscopic skills but there remains a need to optimize teaching methods to accelerate learning. We evaluated the effect of the mental exercise ‘deconstruction into key steps’ (DIKS) on the time required to acquire laparoscopic skills. Methods A randomized controlled trial with undergraduate medical students was implemented into a structured curricular laparoscopic training course. The intervention group (IG) was trained using the DIKS approach, while the control group (CG) underwent the standard course. Laparoscopic performance of all participants was video-recorded at baseline (t0), after the first session (t1) and after the second session (t2) nine days later. Two double-blinded raters assessed the videos. The Impact of potential covariates on performance (gender, age, prior laparoscopic experience, self-assessed motivation and self-assessed dexterity) was evaluated with a self-report questionnaire. Results Both the IG (n = 58) and the CG (n = 68) improved their performance after each training session (p < 0.001) but with notable differences between sessions. Whereas the CG significantly improved their performance from t0 –t1 (p < 0.05), DIKS shortened practical exercise time by 58% so that the IG outperformed the CG from t1 -t2, (p < 0.05). High self-assessed motivation and dexterity associated with significantly better performance (p < 0.05). Male participants demonstrated significantly higher overall performance (p < 0.05). Conclusion Mental exercises like DIKS can improve laparoscopic performance and shorten practice times. Given the limited exposure of surgical residents to simulator training, implementation of mental exercises like DIKS is highly recommended. Gender, self-assessed dexterity, and motivation all appreciably influence performance in laparoscopic training. KW - laparoscopic skills KW - teaching methods KW - deconstruction into key steps KW - laparoscopic course Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323969 VL - 36 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenschow, Christina A1 - Wennmann, Andreas A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Plassmeier, Lars A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Questionable value of [\(^{99m}\)Tc]-sestamibi scintigraphy in patients with pHPT and negative ultrasound JF - Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery N2 - Purpose A successful focused surgical approach in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) relies on accurate preoperative localization of the parathyroid adenoma (PA). Most often, ultrasound is followed by [\(^{99m}\)Tc]-sestamibi scintigraphy, but the value of this approach is disputed. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic approach in patients with surgically treated pHPT in our center with the aim to further refine preoperative diagnostic procedures. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of patients with pHPT from 01/2005 to 08/2021 was carried out followed by evaluation of the preoperative imaging modalities to localize PA. The localization of the PA had to be confirmed intraoperatively by the fresh frozen section and significant dropping of the intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Results From 658 patients diagnosed with pHPT, 30 patients were excluded from the analysis because of surgery for recurrent or persistent disease. Median age of patients was 58.0 (13–93) years and 71% were female. Neck ultrasound was carried out in 91.7% and localized a PA in 76.6%. In 23.4% (135/576) of the patients, preoperative neck ultrasound did not detect a PA. In this group, [\(^{99m}\)Tc]-sestamibi correctly identified PA in only 25.4% of patients. In contrast, in the same cohort, the use of [\(^{11}\)C]-methionine or [\(^{11}\)C]-choline PET resulted in the correct identification of PA in 79.4% of patients (OR 13.23; 95% CI 5.24–33.56). Conclusion [\(^{11}\)C]-Methionine or [\(^{11}\)C]-choline PET/CT are superior second-line imaging methods to select patients for a focused surgical approach when previous ultrasound failed to identify PA. KW - primary hyperparathyroidism KW - parathyroid adenoma KW - [99mTc]-Sestamibi scan KW - [11C]-Methionine KW - [11C]-Choline PET/CT KW - focused surgical approach Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323926 VL - 407 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Dörries, Luise A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Krietenstein, Laura A1 - Koschker, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Seyfried, Florian T1 - Impact of preoperative weight loss achieved by gastric balloon on peri- and postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery in super-obese patients: a retrospective matched-pair analysis JF - Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery N2 - Background An intragastric balloon is used to cause weight loss in super-obese patients (BMI > 60 kg/m\(^2\)) prior to bariatric surgery. Whether weight loss from intragastric balloon influences that from bariatric surgery is poorly studied. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, the effects of intragastric balloon in 26 patients (BMI 69.26 ± 6.81) on weight loss after bariatric surgery (primary endpoint), postoperative complications within 30 days, hospital readmission, operation time, and MTL30 (secondary endpoints) were evaluated. Fifty-two matched-pair patients without intragastric balloon prior to bariatric surgery were used as controls. Results Intragastric balloon resulted in a weight loss of 17.3 ± 14.1 kg (BMI 5.75 ± 4.66 kg/m\(^2\)) with a nadir after 5 months. Surgical and postoperative outcomes including complications were comparable between both groups. Total weight loss was similar in both groups (29.0% vs. 32.2%, p = 0.362). Direct postoperative weight loss was more pronounced in the control group compared to the gastric balloon group (29.16 ± 7.53% vs 23.78 ± 9.89% after 1 year, p < 0.05 and 32.13 ± 10.5% vs 22.21 ± 10.9% after 2 years, p < 0.05), who experienced an earlier nadir and started to regain weight during the follow-up. Conclusion A multi-stage therapeutic approach with gastric balloon prior to bariatric surgery in super-obese patients may be effective to facilitate safe surgery. However, with the gastric balloon, pre-treated patients experienced an attenuated postoperative weight loss with an earlier nadir and earlier body weight regain. This should be considered when choosing the appropriate therapeutic regime and managing patients’ expectations. KW - obesity KW - super-obesity KW - intragastric balloon KW - sleeve gastrectomy KW - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323909 VL - 407 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Muysoms, Filip A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. T1 - Robotic hernia repair II. English version BT - Robotic primary ventral and incisional hernia repair (rv‑TAPP and r‑Rives or r‑TARUP). Video report and results of a series of 118 patients JF - Der Chirurg N2 - Endoscopic management of umbilical and incisional hernias has adapted to the limitations of conventional laparoscopic instruments over the past 30 years. This includes the development of meshes for intraperitoneal placement (intraperitoneal onlay mesh, IPOM), with antiadhesive coatings; however, adhesions do occur in a significant proportion of these patients. Minimally invasive procedures result in fewer perioperative complications, but with a slightly higher recurrence rate. With the ergonomic resources of robotics, which offers angled instruments, it is now possible to implant meshes in a minimally invasively manner in different abdominal wall layers while achieving morphologic and functional reconstruction of the abdominal wall. This video article presents the treatment of ventral and incisional hernias with mesh implantation into the preperitoneal space (robot-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal ventral hernia repair, r‑ventral TAPP) as well as into the retrorectus space (r-Rives and robotic transabdominal retromuscular umbilical prosthetic repair, r‑TARUP, respectively). The results of a cohort study of 118 consecutive patients are presented and discussed with regard to the added value of the robotic technique in extraperitoneal mesh implantation and in the training of residents. N2 - Die endoskopische Versorgung von Umbilikal- und Inzisionalhernien hat sich in den vergangenen 30 Jahren an die Limitationen der konventionellen laparoskopischen Instrumente angepasst. Dazu gehört die Entwicklung von Netzen für die intraperitoneale Lage (intraperitoneales Onlay-Mesh, IPOM) mit antiadhäsiven Beschichtungen; allerdings kommt es bei einem beträchtlichen Teil dieser Patienten doch zu Adhäsionen. Minimal-invasive Verfahren führen zu weniger perioperativen Komplikationen, bei einer etwas höheren Rezidivrate. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik, die abgewinkelte Instrumente anbietet, besteht erstmals die Möglichkeit, Netze minimal-invasiv in unterschiedliche Bauchdeckenschichten zu implantieren und gleichzeitig eine morphologische und funktionelle Rekonstruktion der Bauchdecke zu erreichen. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung von Ventral- und Inzisionalhernien mit Netzimplantation in den präperitonealen Raum (robotische ventrale transabdominelle präperitoneale Patchplastik, rv-TAPP) sowie in den retrorektalen Raum (r-Rives bzw. robotische transabdominelle retromuskuläre umbilikale Patchplastik [r-TARUP]) präsentiert. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 118 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf den Mehrwert der robotischen Technik in der Extraperitonealisierung der Netze und in der Weiterbildung diskutiert. T2 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie II: Robotische primär ventrale und inzisionale Hernienversorgung (rv-TAPP und r-Rives/r-TARUP). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 118 Patienten KW - umbilical hernia KW - incisional hernia KW - primary ventral hernia KW - minimally invasive KW - retrorectus mesh KW - linea alba KW - Umbilikalhernie KW - Inzisionalhernie KW - primär ventrale Hernie KW - Minimalinvasiv KW - Retrorektus Netz KW - Linea alba Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323866 VL - 92 IS - Suppl 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Kukleta, Jan F. A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. T1 - Robotic hernia surgery I. English version BT - Robotic inguinal hernia repair (r‑TAPP). Video report and results of a series of 302 hernia operations JF - Der Chirurg N2 - The treatment of inguinal hernias with open and minimally invasive procedures has reached a high standard in terms of outcome over the past 30 years. However, there is still need for further improvement, mainly in terms of reduction of postoperative seroma, chronic pain, and recurrence. This video article presents the endoscopic anatomy of the groin with regard to robotic transabdominal preperitoneal patch plasty (r‑TAPP) and illustrates the surgical steps of r‑TAPP with respective video sequences. The results of a cohort study of 302 consecutive hernias operated by r‑TAPP are presented and discussed in light of the added value of the robotic technique, including advantages for surgical training. r‑TAPP is the natural evolution of conventional TAPP and has the potential to become a new standard as equipment availability increases and material costs decrease. Future studies will also have to refine the multifaceted added value of r‑TAPP with new parameters. N2 - Die Versorgung von Leistenhernien mit offenen und minimal-invasiven Verfahren hat in den vergangenen 30 Jahren einen vom Ergebnis her gesehen hohen Standard erreicht. Allerdings besteht noch Bedarf an einer weiteren Reduktion der postoperativen Serome, chronischen Schmerzen und des Rezidivs. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die endoskopische Anatomie der Leiste im Hinblick auf die robotische transabdominelle präperitoneale Patchplastik (r‑TAPP) dargestellt und die Operationsschritte der r‑TAPP als Video illustriert. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 302 konsekutiven Hernien, die mittels r‑TAPP operiert wurden, vorgestellt und hinsichtlich des Mehrwerts der robotischen Technik – auch in der Weiterbildung – diskutiert. Die r‑TAPP ist die natürliche Weiterentwicklung der konventionellen TAPP und hat das Potenzial, bei zunehmender Geräteverfügbarkeit und Reduktion der Materialkosten zu einem neuen Standard zu werden. Künftige Studien werden den vielseitigen Mehrwert der r‑TAPP auch mit neuen Parametern verfeinern müssen. T2 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie I : Robotische Leistenhernienversorgung (r-TAPP). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 302 operierten Hernien KW - groin hernia KW - endoscopic groin hernia repair KW - learning curve KW - transverse fascia KW - seroma KW - Leistenhernie KW - Minimalinvasive Leistenhernienversorgung KW - Lernkurve KW - Fascia transversalis KW - Serom Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323934 VL - 92 IS - Suppl 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dewulf, Maxime A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. A1 - Montgomery, Agneta A1 - Pauli, Eric M. A1 - Marturano, Matthew N. A1 - Ayuso, Sullivan A. A1 - Augenstein, Vedra A. A1 - Lambrecht, Jan R. A1 - Köhler, Gernot A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Muysoms, Filip T1 - Robotic hernia surgery IV. English version BT - Robotic parastomal hernia repair. Video report and preliminary results JF - Chirurgie N2 - The surgical treatment of parastomal hernias is considered complex and is known to be prone to complications. Traditionally, this condition was treated using relocation techniques or local suture repairs. Since then, several mesh-based techniques have been proposed and are nowadays used in minimally invasive surgery. Since the introduction of robot-assisted surgery to the field of abdominal wall surgery, several adaptations to these techniques have been made, which may significantly improve patient outcomes. In this contribution, we provide an overview of available techniques in robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair. Technical considerations and preliminary results of robot-assisted modified Sugarbaker repair, robot-assisted Pauli technique, and minimally invasive use of a funnel-shaped mesh in the treatment of parastomal hernias are presented. Furthermore, challenges in robot-assisted ileal conduit parastomal hernia repair are discussed. These techniques are illustrated by photographic and video material. Besides providing a comprehensive overview of robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair, this article focuses on the specific advantages of robot-assisted techniques in the treatment of this condition. N2 - Die chirurgische Behandlung parastomaler Hernien gilt als komplex und ist bekanntermaßen komplikationsträchtig. In der Vergangenheit wurden diese Hernien durch die Relokation des Stomas oder Nahtverfahren der Austrittstelle versorgt. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene netzbasierte Techniken vorgeschlagen, die heute in der minimal-invasiven Chirurgie eingesetzt werden. Mit der Verbreitung der roboterassistierten Hernienchirurgie wurden die Netzverfahren weiterentwickelt und die Ergebnisse für die Patienten erheblich verbessert. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über die verfügbaren Techniken der roboterassistierten Versorgung parastomaler Hernien präsentiert. Es werden technische Überlegungen und erste Ergebnisse des roboterassistierten modifizierten Sugarbaker-Verfahrens, der roboterassistierten Pauli-Technik und der Verwendung des trichterförmigen Netzes IPST vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Herausforderungen bei der roboterassistierten Versorgung parastomaler Hernien am Ileum-Conduit diskutiert. Die Operationstechniken werden durch Foto- und Videomaterial veranschaulicht. T2 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie Teil IV: Roboterassistierte endoskopische parastomale Hernienversorgung. Videobericht und Ergebnisse KW - parastomal hernia KW - Ileal conduit KW - Pauli procedure KW - funnel mesh (IPST) KW - modified Sugarbaker technique KW - Parastomale Hernie KW - Ileum-Conduit KW - Pauli-Verfahren KW - Trichternetz (IPST) KW - Modifizierte Sugarbaker-Technik Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323875 VL - 93 IS - Suppl 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. A1 - Kudsi, O. Yusef A1 - Garcia-Ureña, Miguel A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Maksimovic, Sladjana A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Robotic hernia repair III. English version BT - Robotic incisional hernia repair with transversus abdominis release (r‑TAR). Video report and results of a cohort study JF - Der Chirurg N2 - The principle of targeted separation or weakening of individual components of the abdominal wall to relieve tension in the median line during major abdominal reconstruction has been known for over 30 years as anterior component separation (aCS) and is an established procedure. In search of alternatives with lower complication rates, posterior component separation (pCS) was developed; transversus abdominis release (TAR) is a nerve-sparing modification of pCS. With the ergonomic resources of robotics (e.g., angled instruments), TAR can be performed in a minimally invasive manner (r-TAR): hernia gaps of up to 14 cm can be closed and a large extraperitoneal mesh implanted. In this video article, the treatment of large incisional hernias using the r‑TAR technique is presented. Exemplary results of a cohort study in 13 consecutive patients are presented. The procedure is challenging, but our own results—as well as reports from the literature—are encouraging. The r‑TAR is becoming the pinnacle procedure for abdominal wall reconstruction. N2 - Das Prinzip der gezielten Trennung bzw. Schwächung einzelner Komponenten der Bauchdecke zur Spannungsentlastung der Medianlinie bei großen abdominellen Rekonstruktionen ist seit über 30 Jahren als anteriore Komponentenseparation (aKS) bekannt und ein etabliertes Verfahren. Auf der Suche nach Alternativen mit geringerer Komplikationsrate wurde die posteriore Komponentenseparation (pKS) entwickelt; der „transversus abdominis release“ (TAR) ist eine nervenschonende Modifikation der pKS. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik (z. B. abgewinkelte Instrumente) kann der TAR minimal-invasiv durchgeführt werden (r-TAR): Bruchlücken von bis zu 14 cm lassen sich verschließen und ein großes extraperitoneales Netz implantieren. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung großer Inzisionalhernien in der r‑TAR-Technik präsentiert. Exemplarisch werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 13 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt. Der Eingriff ist anspruchsvoll, die eigenen Ergebnisse sind – wie auch die Berichte aus der Literatur – ermutigend. Der r‑TAR entwickelt sich zur Königsdisziplin der Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion. T2 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie III : Robotische Inzisionalhernienversorgung mit transversus abdominis release (r-TAR). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie KW - robotic surgical procedures KW - incisional hernia KW - ventral hernia KW - retromuscular mesh KW - posterior component separation KW - Robotik KW - Inzisionale Hernie KW - Ventrale Hernie KW - Retromuskuläres Netz KW - Posteriore Komponentenseparation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323896 VL - 92 IS - Suppl 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Lock, Johan Friso A1 - Klein, Ingo A1 - Hartlapp, Ingo A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Löb, Stefan T1 - Does concurrent cholestasis alter the prognostic value of preoperatively elevated CA19-9 serum levels in patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma? JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology N2 - Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) serum levels higher than 500 U/ml are classified as biologically borderline resectable (BR-B). To date, the impact of cholestasis on preoperative CA19-9 serum levels in these patients has remained unquantified. Methods Data on 3079 oncologic pancreatic resections due to PDAC that were prospectively acquired by the German Study, Documentation and Quality (StuDoQ) registry were analyzed in relation to preoperative CA19-9 and bilirubin serum values. Preoperative CA19-9 values were adjusted according to the results of a multivariable linear regression analysis of pathologic parameters, bilirubin, and CA19-9 values. Results Of 1703 PDAC patients with tumor located in the pancreatic head, 420 (24.5 %) presented with a preoperative CA19-9 level higher than 500 U/ml. Although receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis failed to determine exact CA19-9 cut-off values for prognostic indicators (R and N status), the T, N, and G status; the UICC stage; and the number of simultaneous vein resections increased with the level of preoperative CA19-9, independently of concurrent cholestasis. After adjustment of preoperative CA19-9 values, 18.5 % of patients initially staged as BR-B showed CA19-9 values below 500 U/ml. However, the postoperative pathologic results for these patients did not change compared with the patients who had CA19-9 levels higher than 500 U/ml after bilirubin adjustment. Conclusions In this multicenter dataset of PDAC patients, elevation of preoperative CA19-9 correlated with well-defined prognostic pathologic parameters. Bilirubin adjustment of CA19-9 is feasible but does not affect the prognostic value of CA19-9 in jaundiced patients. KW - pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) KW - CA19-9 KW - cholestasis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323854 VL - 29 IS - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reimer, Stanislaus A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Brand, Markus A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Widder, Anna A1 - Plaßmeier, Lars A1 - Kraus, Peter A1 - Döring, Anna A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Meining, Alexander A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Groneberg, Kaja T1 - Evolution of endoscopic vacuum therapy for upper gastrointestinal leakage over a 10-year period: a quality improvement study JF - Surgical Endoscopy N2 - Background Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is an effective treatment option for leakage of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of quality improvements in EVT management on patients’ outcome. Methods All patients treated by EVT at our center during 2012–2021 were divided into two consecutive and equal-sized cohorts (period 1 vs. period 2). Over time several quality improvement strategies were implemented including the earlier diagnosis and EVT treatment and technical optimization of endoscopy. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite score MTL30 (mortality, transfer, length-of-stay > 30 days). Secondary endpoints included EVT efficacy, complications, in-hospital mortality, length-of-stay (LOS) and nutrition status at discharge. Results A total of 156 patients were analyzed. During the latter period the primary endpoint MTL30 decreased from 60.8 to 39.0% (P = .006). EVT efficacy increased from 80 to 91% (P = .049). Further, the need for additional procedures for leakage management decreased from 49.9 to 29.9% (P = .013) and reoperations became less frequent (38.0% vs.15.6%; P = .001). The duration of leakage therapy and LOS were shortened from 25 to 14 days (P = .003) and 38 days to 25 days (P = .006), respectively. Morbidity (as determined by the comprehensive complication index) decreased from 54.6 to 46.5 (P = .034). More patients could be discharged on oral nutrition (70.9% vs. 84.4%, P = .043). Conclusions Our experience confirms the efficacy of EVT for the successful management of UGI leakage. Our quality improvement analysis demonstrates significant changes in EVT management resulting in accelerated recovery, fewer complications and improved functional outcome. KW - anastomotic leak KW - gastrointestinal perforation KW - esophageal perforation KW - endoluminal KW - vacuum-assisted closure KW - negative pressure Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323953 VL - 36 IS - 12 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kannapin, Felix T1 - Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung des neurotrophen Faktors GDNF für die Interaktion zwischen enterischen Gliazellen und Enterozyten für die Regulation der Darmbarriere T1 - Studies on the importance of the neurotrophic factor GDNF for the interaction between enteric glial cells and enterocytes for the regulation of the intestinal barrier N2 - In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde das Zusammenspiel von enterischen Gliazellen (EGC) und Darmepithelzellen (Caco-2) thematisiert, wobei der Fokus auf der Bedeu-tung des neurotrophen Faktors GDNF für die Interaktion zwischen den beiden genann-ten Zelltypen lag. Weiterhin wurde evaluiert, ob die Tyrosinkinase RET auch in Darme-pithelzellen für die GDNF-Signaltransduktion unter Ruhebedingungen und bei Entzün-dungen verantwortlich ist. Als Grundlage diente ein Ko-Kultur-Modell mit Caco-2 und EGC. Durch Permeabili-täts- und Widerstandsmessungen wurden die Auswirkungen von GDNF auf Zell-Monolayer ermittelt. Effekte auf die Barrieredifferenzierung wurden anhand subkon-fluenter Zell-Monolayer charakterisiert, wohingegen die Auswirkungen auf Entzün-dungsstimuli an konfluenten Zellen untersucht wurden. Veränderungen von Junktions-proteinen wurden mit Immunfluoreszenzfärbungen und Western-Blot-Analysen aufge-zeigt. Abschließend erfolgte eine Analyse humaner Gewebeproben von Patienten mit und ohne chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) in Bezug auf deren GDNF-Expression. Die verwendeten intestinalen Epithelzellen exprimieren die GDNF-Rezeptoren GFRα1, GFRα2, GFRα3 und RET. Nach Etablierung des Kultursystems zeigten Permeabilitäts-messungen, Messungen des Epithelwiderstandes sowie Immunfluoreszenz-Färbungen, dass die Differenzierung der Darmepithelzellen in der Ko-Kultur mit EGC durch GDNF vermittelt wird. Zudem war eine GDNF-abhängige, barrierestabilisierende Wirkung in einem Inflammationsmodell zu beobachten. Weiterhin wurde nachgewiesen, dass GDNF-Effekte auf Enterozyten auch im Darmepithel über die RET-Tyrosinkinase mit nachfolgender Hemmung des p38-MAPK-Signalwegs bedingt werden. Eine Stimulation der EGC mit Zytokinen bestätigte eine Hochregulation der GDNF-Expression und Sek-retion. In humanen Proben war intestinales GDNF bei schwerer Entzündung reduziert. Zusammenfassend wurde erstmalig der Nachweis erbracht, dass von EGC sezerniertes GDNF die Differenzierung der Barriere in Darmepithelzellen induziert und diese gegen einen Zytokin-vermittelten Zusammenbruch schützt. Dies wird über eine RET-abhängige Regulation der p38-MAPK vermittelt. Die Reduktion der GDNF-Konzentration in transmuralen Gewebeproben von Patienten mit CED trägt möglicher-weise zur Pathogenese der CED bei. N2 - The present thesis adresses the interaction of enteric glial cells (EGC) and intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2), focusing on the importance of the neurotrophic factor GDNF for the interaction between the two cell types. Furthermore, it was evaluated whether the tyrosine kinase RET is also responsible for GDNF signal transduction in intestinal epithelial cells under resting conditions and during inflammation. A co-culture model with Caco-2 and EGC served as the base for further investigations. Permeability and resistance measurements were used to determine the effects of GDNF on cell monolayers. Effects on barrier differentiation were characterized using subconfluent cell monolayers, whereas effects on inflammatory stimuli were investigated in confluent cells. Changes in junctional proteins were revealed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. Finally, human tissue samples from patients with and without chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were analyzed with regard to their GDNF expression. The intestinal epithelial cells used, express the GDNF receptors GFRα1, GFRα2, GFRα3 and RET. After establishment of the culture system, permeability measurements, epithelial resistance measurements and immunofluorescence staining showed that the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in co-culture with EGC is mediated by GDNF. Additionally, a GDNF-dependent, barrier-stabilizing effect was observed in an inflammation model. Furthermore, it was shown that GDNF effects on enterocytes are also caused in the intestinal epithelium via RET tyrosine kinase with subsequent inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Stimulation of EGC with cytokines confirmed an upregulation of GDNF expression and secretion. In human samples, intestinal GDNF was reduced in severe inflammation. In summary, it was demonstrated for the first time that GDNF secreted by EGC induces barrier differentiation in intestinal epithelial cells and protects them against cytokine-mediated breakdown. This is mediated via RET-dependent regulation of p38 MAPK. The reduction of GDNF levels in transmural tissue samples from patients with IBD may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. KW - Crohn-Krankheit KW - GDNF KW - Neurotrophe Faktoren KW - CED Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-344719 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silwedel, Christine A1 - Hütten, Matthias C. A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Härtel, Christoph A1 - Haarmann, Axel A1 - Henrich, Birgit A1 - Tijssen, Maud P. M. A1 - Alnakhli, Abdullah Ahmed A1 - Spiller, Owen B. A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Seidenspinner, Silvia A1 - Kramer, Boris W. A1 - Glaser, Kirsten T1 - Ureaplasma-driven neonatal neuroinflammation: novel insights from an ovine model JF - Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology N2 - Ureaplasma species (spp.) are considered commensals of the adult genitourinary tract, but have been associated with chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, and invasive infections in neonates, including meningitis. Data on mechanisms involved in Ureaplasma-driven neuroinflammation are scarce. The present study addressed brain inflammatory responses in preterm lambs exposed to Ureaplasma parvum (UP) in utero. 7 days after intra-amniotic injection of UP (n = 10) or saline (n = 11), lambs were surgically delivered at gestational day 128–129. Expression of inflammatory markers was assessed in different brain regions using qRT-PCR and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by multiplex immunoassay. CSF was analyzed for UP presence using ureB-based real-time PCR, and MRI scans documented cerebral white matter area and cortical folding. Cerebral tissue levels of atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) 3, caspases 1-like, 2, 7, and C–X–C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 mRNA, as well as CSF interleukin-8 protein concentrations were significantly increased in UP-exposed lambs. UP presence in CSF was confirmed in one animal. Cortical folding and white matter area did not differ among groups. The present study confirms a role of caspases and the transmembrane receptors ACKR3 and CXCR4 in Ureaplasma-driven neuroinflammation. Enhanced caspase 1-like, 2, and 7 expression may reflect cell death. Increased ACKR3 and CXCR4 expression has been associated with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases and impaired blood–brain barrier function. According to these data and previous in vitro findings from our group, we speculate that Ureaplasma-induced caspase and receptor responses affect CNS barrier properties and thus facilitate neuroinflammation. KW - Ureaplasma parvum KW - CNS integrity KW - neonatal meningitis KW - preterm birth KW - immaturity KW - animal model Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324285 VL - 43 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Patt, Marianne A1 - Patt, Jörg T. W. A1 - Becker, Georg A. A1 - Rullmann, Michael A1 - Kranz, Mathias A1 - Deuther-Conrad, Winnie A1 - Schischke, Kristin A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Brust, Peter A1 - Hesse, Swen A1 - Sabri, Osama A1 - Krügel, Ute A1 - Fenske, Wiebke T1 - Suppressed fat appetite after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery associates with reduced brain mu-opioid receptor availability in diet-induced obese male rats JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Brain μ-opioid receptors (MORs) stimulate high-fat (HF) feeding and have been implicated in the distinct long term outcomes on body weight of bariatric surgery and dieting. Whether alterations in fat appetite specifically following these disparate weight loss interventions relate to changes in brain MOR signaling is unknown. To address this issue, diet-induced obese male rats underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sham surgeries. Postoperatively, animals were placed on a two-choice diet consisting of low-fat (LF) and HF food and sham-operated rats were further split into ad libitum fed (Sham-LF/HF) and body weight-matched (Sham-BWM) to RYGB groups. An additional set of sham-operated rats always only on a LF diet (Sham-LF) served as lean controls, making four experimental groups in total. Corresponding to a stage of weight loss maintenance for RYGB rats, two-bottle fat preference tests in conjunction with small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies with the selective MOR radioligand [\(^{11}\)C]carfentanil were performed. Brains were subsequently collected and MOR protein levels in the hypothalamus, striatum, prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex were analyzed by Western Blot. We found that only the RYGB group presented with intervention-specific changes: having markedly suppressed intake and preference for high concentration fat emulsions, a widespread reduction in [\(^{11}\)C]carfentanil binding potential (reflecting MOR availability) in various brain regions, and a downregulation of striatal and prefrontal MOR protein levels compared to the remaining groups. These findings suggest that the suppressed fat appetite caused by RYGB surgery is due to reduced brain MOR signaling, which may contribute to sustained weight loss unlike the case for dieting. KW - bariatric surgery KW - caloric-restriction KW - fat appetite KW - Brain μ-opioid receptors KW - positron emission tomography imaging Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181130 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marx, Gernot A1 - Schindler, Achim W. A1 - Mosch, Christoph A1 - Albers, Joerg A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Gnass, Irmela A1 - Hobohm, Carsten A1 - Janssens, Uwe A1 - Kluge, Stefan A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Maurer, Tobias A1 - Merz, Waltraut A1 - Neugebauer, Edmund A1 - Quintel, Michael A1 - Senninger, Norbert A1 - Trampisch, Hans-Joachim A1 - Waydhas, Christian A1 - Wildenauer, Rene A1 - Zacharowski, Kai A1 - Eikermann, Michaela T1 - Intravascular volume therapy in adults guidelines from the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany JF - European Journal of Anaesthesiology N2 - No abstract available. KW - Predict fluid responsiveness KW - Randomized controlled-trial KW - 6-percent hydroxyethyl starch KW - Central venous-pressure KW - Elective cesarean-section KW - Critically-ill patients KW - Puls-pressure variation KW - Lactated ringers solution KW - Hypertonic saline 7.5-percent KW - Major abdominal surgery Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188223 VL - 33 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trujillo‐Viera, Jonathan A1 - El‐Merahbi, Rabih A1 - Schmidt, Vanessa A1 - Karwen, Till A1 - Loza‐Valdes, Angel A1 - Strohmeyer, Akim A1 - Reuter, Saskia A1 - Noh, Minhee A1 - Wit, Magdalena A1 - Hawro, Izabela A1 - Mocek, Sabine A1 - Fey, Christina A1 - Mayer, Alexander E. A1 - Löffler, Mona C. A1 - Wilhelmi, Ilka A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Ishikawa, Eri A1 - Yamasaki, Sho A1 - Rau, Monika A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Klingenspor, Martin A1 - Sumara, Grzegorz T1 - Protein Kinase D2 drives chylomicron‐mediated lipid transport in the intestine and promotes obesity JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - Lipids are the most energy‐dense components of the diet, and their overconsumption promotes obesity and diabetes. Dietary fat content has been linked to the lipid processing activity by the intestine and its overall capacity to absorb triglycerides (TG). However, the signaling cascades driving intestinal lipid absorption in response to elevated dietary fat are largely unknown. Here, we describe an unexpected role of the protein kinase D2 (PKD2) in lipid homeostasis. We demonstrate that PKD2 activity promotes chylomicron‐mediated TG transfer in enterocytes. PKD2 increases chylomicron size to enhance the TG secretion on the basolateral side of the mouse and human enterocytes, which is associated with decreased abundance of APOA4. PKD2 activation in intestine also correlates positively with circulating TG in obese human patients. Importantly, deletion, inactivation, or inhibition of PKD2 ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and diabetes and improves gut microbiota profile in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PKD2 represents a key signaling node promoting dietary fat absorption and may serve as an attractive target for the treatment of obesity. KW - chylomicron KW - fat absorption KW - intestine KW - obesity KW - protein kinase D2/PKD2/PRKD2 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239018 VL - 13 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Johanna C. A1 - Wetz, Anja A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Löb, Stefan A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Klein, Ingo T1 - Successful surgical closure of infected abdominal wounds following preconditioning with negative pressure wound therapy JF - Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery N2 - Purpose Traditionally, previous wound infection was considered a contraindication to secondary skin closure; however, several case reports describe successful secondary wound closure of wounds "preconditioned" with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Although this has been increasingly applied in daily practice, a systematic analysis of its feasibility has not been published thus far. The aim of this study was to evaluate secondary skin closure in previously infected abdominal wounds following treatment with NPWT. Methods Single-center retrospective analysis of patients with infected abdominal wounds treated with NPWT followed by either secondary skin closure referenced to a group receiving open wound therapy. Endpoints were wound closure rate, wound complications (such as recurrent infection or hernia), and perioperative data (such as duration of NPWT or hospitalization parameters). Results One hundred ninety-eight patients during 2013-2016 received a secondary skin closure after NPWT and were analyzed and referenced to 67 patients in the same period with open wound treatment after NPWT. No significant difference in BMI, chronic immunosuppressive medication, or tobacco use was found between both groups. The mean duration of hospital stay was 30 days with a comparable duration in both patient groups (29 versus 33 days, p = 0.35). Interestingly, only 7.7% of patients after secondary skin closure developed recurrent surgical site infection and in over 80% of patients were discharged with closed wounds requiring only minimal outpatient wound care. Conclusion Surgical skin closure following NPWT of infected abdominal wounds is a good and safe alternative to open wound treatment. It prevents lengthy outpatient wound therapy and is expected to result in a higher quality of life for patients and reduce health care costs. KW - open wound treatment KW - surgical site infections KW - secondary skin closure KW - negative pressure wound therapy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267541 SN - 1435-2451 VL - 406 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Kusan, Simon A1 - Krone, Manuel A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Safety of elective abdominal and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective single-center study JF - European Journal of Medical Research N2 - Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo surgery have impaired postoperative outcomes and increased mortality. Consequently, elective and semi-urgent operations on the increasing number of patients severely affected by COVID-19 have been indefinitely postponed.in many countries with unclear implications on disease progression and overall survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the establishment of a standardized screening program for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sufficient to ensure high-quality medical and surgical treatment of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients while minimizing in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods The screening program comprised polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs and a standardized questionnaire about potential symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All elective and emergency patients admitted to the surgical department of a tertiary-care hospital center in Lower Franconia, Germany, between March and May 2020 were included and their characteristics were recorded. Results Out of the study population (n = 657), 509 patients (77.5%) had at least one risk factor for a potentially severe course of COVID-19 and 164 patients (25%) were active smokers. The average 7-day incidence in Lower Franconia was 24.0/100,000 during the observation period. Preoperative PCR testing revealed four asymptomatic positive patients out of the 657 tested patients. No postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission could be detected. Conclusion The implementation of a standardized preoperative screening program to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients can ensure high-quality surgical care while minimizing infection risk for healthcare workers and potential in-hospital transmission. KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - COVID-19 KW - elective surgery KW - screening KW - PCR Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264975 VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klement, Rainer J. A1 - Champ, Colin E. A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Kämmerer, Ulrike T1 - Anti-Tumor Effects of Ketogenic Diets in Mice: A Meta-Analysis JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Currently ketogenic diets (KDs) are hyped as an anti-tumor intervention aimed at exploiting the metabolic abnormalities of cancer cells. However, while data in humans is sparse, translation of murine tumor models to the clinic is further hampered by small sample sizes, heterogeneous settings and mixed results concerning tumor growth retardation. The aim was therefore to synthesize the evidence for a growth inhibiting effect of KDs when used as a monotherapy in mice. Methods We conducted a Bayesian random effects meta-analysis on all studies assessing the survival (defined as the time to reach a pre-defined endpoint such as tumor volume) of mice on an unrestricted KD compared to a high carbohydrate standard diet (SD). For 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria either a mean survival time ratio (MR) or hazard ratio (HR) between the KD and SD groups could be obtained. The posterior estimates for the MR and HR averaged over four priors on the between-study heterogeneity τ\(^{2}\) were MR = 0.85 (95% highest posterior density interval (HPDI) = [0.73, 0.97]) and HR = 0.55 (95% HPDI = [0.26, 0.87]), indicating a significant overall benefit of the KD in terms of prolonged mean survival times and reduced hazard rate. All studies that used a brain tumor model also chose a late starting point for the KD (at least one day after tumor initiation) which accounted for 26% of the heterogeneity. In this subgroup the KD was less effective (MR = 0.89, 95% HPDI = [0.76, 1.04]). Conclusions There was an overall tumor growth delaying effect of unrestricted KDs in mice. Future experiments should aim at differentiating the effects of KD timing versus tumor location, since external evidence is currently consistent with an influence of both of these factors. KW - anti-tumor effects KW - ketogenic dients KW - mice Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167036 VL - 11 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallaschek, Nina A1 - Reuter, Saskia A1 - Silkenat, Sabrina A1 - Wolf, Katharina A1 - Niklas, Carolin A1 - Özge, Kayisoglu A1 - Aguilar, Carmen A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Shannon-Lowe, Claire A1 - Bartfeld, Sina T1 - Ephrin receptor A2, the epithelial receptor for Epstein-Barr virus entry, is not available for efficient infection in human gastric organoids JF - PLoS Pathogens N2 - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known for infection of B cells, in which it usually establishes an asymptomatic lifelong infection, but is also associated with the development of multiple B cell lymphomas. EBV also infects epithelial cells and is associated with all cases of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV is etiologically linked with at least 8% of gastric cancer (EBVaGC) that comprises a genetically and epigenetically distinct subset of GC. Although we have a very good understanding of B cell entry and lymphomagenesis, the sequence of events leading to EBVaGC remains poorly understood. Recently, ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) was proposed as the epithelial cell receptor on human cancer cell lines. Although we confirm some of these results, we demonstrate that EBV does not infect healthy adult stem cell-derived gastric organoids. In matched pairs of normal and cancer-derived organoids from the same patient, EBV only reproducibly infected the cancer organoids. While there was no clear pattern of differential expression between normal and cancer organoids for EPHA2 at the RNA and protein level, the subcellular location of the protein differed markedly. Confocal microscopy showed EPHA2 localization at the cell-cell junctions in primary cells, but not in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, histologic analysis of patient tissue revealed the absence of EBV in healthy epithelium and presence of EBV in epithelial cells from inflamed tissue. These data suggest that the EPHA2 receptor is not accessible to EBV on healthy gastric epithelial cells with intact cell-cell contacts, but either this or another, yet to be identified receptor may become accessible following cellular changes induced by inflammation or transformation, rendering changes in the cellular architecture an essential prerequisite to EBV infection. KW - Organoids KW - ephitelial cells KW - gastrointestinal infections KW - cancers and neoplasms KW - Epstein-Barr virus KW - flow cytometry KW - epithelium Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259206 VL - 17 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Annett A1 - Ebert, Thomas A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Flehmig, Gesine A1 - Klöting, Nora A1 - Jessnitzer, Beate A1 - Lössner, Ulrike A1 - Stumvoll, Michael A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Fasshauer, Mathias A1 - Tönjes, Anke A1 - Miehle, Konstanze A1 - Kralisch, Susan T1 - Leptin improves parameters of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in lipodystrophic mice JF - Nutrients N2 - Lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) are a heterogeneous group of very rare congenital or acquired disorders characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue. They are strongly associated with severe metabolic dysfunction due to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and other organs and the dysregulation of several key adipokines, including leptin. Treatment with leptin or its analogues is therefore sufficient to reverse some of the metabolic symptoms of LD in patients and in mouse models through distinct mechanisms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of systemic metabolism in rodents and in humans, but it is poorly understood how leptin impacts BAT in LD. Here, we show in transgenic C57Bl/6 mice overexpressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue (Tg (aP2-nSREBP1c)), an established model of congenital LD, that daily subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg leptin for 6 to 8 weeks increases body temperature without affecting food intake or body weight. This is associated with increased protein expression of the thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in BAT. These findings suggest that leptin treatment in LD stimulates BAT thermogenesis through sympathetic nerves, which might contribute to some of its metabolic benefits by providing a healthy reservoir for excess circulating nutrients. KW - lipodystrophy KW - leptin KW - brown adipose tissue KW - thermogenesis KW - uncoupling protein 1 KW - sympathetic nervous system Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242787 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 13 IS - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kloos, Kerstin T1 - Über die Effekte von Hyperthermie und Zytostatika auf die Tumorzellproliferation, Apoptose und Expression von Heat Shock Proteinen im Kolonkarzinom T1 - Effects of hyperthermia and cytostatic drugs on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of heat shock proteins in colon carcinoma N2 - Die Kombination aus zytoreduktiver Chirurgie und einer anschließenden hyperthermen intraperitonealen Chemoperfusion (HIPEC) stellt sich als vielversprechende Therapiestrategie bei ausgesuchten Patienten mit Peritonealkarzinose, z. B. des kolorektalen Karzinoms, dar. Die intraperitoneale Chemoperfusion kombiniert eine lokale Hochdosis-Chemotherapie mit einer Hyperthermie. Hitzeschockproteinen (HSP) kommt dabei eine bedeutende Rolle zu, da sie infolge von zellulären Stressfaktoren wie Hitze oder Zytostatika-bedingter Chemotoxizität induziert werden. HSPs setzen Reparatur- und Zellschutzmechanismen in Gang und vermindern so in einzelnen überlebenden Tumorzellen möglicherweise den gewünschten Therapieerfolg der HIPEC. Ziel der Arbeit war es, mithilfe eines bereits etablierten in vitro HIPEC-Modells die Auswirkungen der äußeren Stressoren Hyperthermie und Zytostatika auf die Expression von Hitzeschockproteinen (HSP27, HSP70 und HSP90) in drei humanen Kolonkarzinomzelllinien zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die Zelllinien HT29, SW480 und SW620 jeweils mit und ohne Zytostatika (Mitomycin C, MMC und Oxaliplatin, OXA) für eine Stunde drei verschiedenen Temperaturstufen von 37°C als Normothermie, 41°C und 43°C als Hyperthermie ausgesetzt und nach einer Regenerationszeit von 30 min, 24 h, 48 h und 72 h mit Hilfe von RT-qPCR-Analysen und Western Blots untersucht. Zudem wurden nach gleichem Ablauf Effekte der HIPEC auf die Tumorzellproliferation und Apoptose mittels Proliferationsmarkern Ki-67, PCNA und MTS-Tests sowie dem antiapoptotischen Protein Bcl-xL in in vitro Tumorzellansätzen sowie in ex vivo Patientenproben vor und nach HIPEC analysiert. Sowohl die einstündige Chemotherapie mit Mitomycin C oder Oxaliplatin unter hyperthermen Bedingungen als auch die isolierte Hyperthermiebehandlung führte im Vergleich zu normothermen Kontrollbedingungen bei 37°C zu einer signifikanten Überexpression der untersuchten HSPs in RTq-PCR-Analysenaller drei Kolonkarzinomzelllinien. Interessanterweise wurden vermehrte HSP Genexpressionsmuster noch drei Tage nach Behandlung beobachtet. Eine verstärkte Proteinexpression zeigte sich bestätigend insbesondere für HSP27 und HSP70 unter zytostatischer Behandlung mit MMC oder OXA und führte zu einer bis zu 3-fachen Expressionssteigerung wenn die Zellen hyperthermen Bedingungen ausgesetzt waren. Tumorzellen, die zuvor der hyperthermen Chemotherapie unterzogen wurden, zeigten interessanterweise zudem proliferative anstelle von anti-proliferativen Effekten. In durchgeführten MTS-Tests führte sowohl die Hyperthermie allein als auch die zusätzliche Zytostatikagabe zu einer deutlich erhöhten Zellviabilität im Vergleich zu normothermer Chemotherapie im Modellansatz. Übereinstimmend mit den Ergebnissen der MTS-Tests konnte eine Induktion der Proliferationsmarker PCNA und Ki-67 durch Hyperthermie und Chemotherapie auf Gen- und Proteinebene beobachtet werden. Im Falle von PCNA ließ sich eine verstärkte Proteinexpression in ex vivo Proben von Patienten nach klinisch durchgeführter HIPEC bestätigen. Zusätzliche Untersuchungen des anti-apoptotisch wirkenden Regulatorproteins Bcl-xL in in vitro Tumorzellansätzen sowie in ex vivo Proben von Patienten nach hyperthermer Chemotherapie, zeigten zudem eine deutlich gesteigerte Proteinexpression unter alleiniger Hyperthermie sowie insbesondere in Kombination mit Zytostatika. Durch die Induktion von HSP27, HSP70 und HSP90 infolge von hyperthermem und zytotoxischem Stress werden in überlebenden Zellen nach hyperthermer Chemotherapie, unerwünschte antiapopotische sowie proliferative Effekte im Sinne von Reparatur- und Zellschutzmechanismen induziert und nehmen negativen Einfluss auf den Therapieerfolg der HIPEC. Schlussfolgernd wäre der Einsatz von HSP-Inhibitoren um die beschriebenen, unerwünschten Zellmechanismen zu verhindern, zu überprüfen. Diese bieten eine interessante Möglichkeit die Effizienz der im klinischen Einsatz gängigen Zytostatika zu steigern und somit einen positiven Einfluss auf den Erfolg der Therapie und die Überlebenszeit von Patienten mit Peritonealkarzinose zu nehmen. Weiterführende Studien der eigenen Arbeitsgruppe mit kombinierten HSP70/HSP90-Inhibitoren zeigten bereits eine signifikant reduzierte Zellviabilität in Kolonkarzinomzellen, die zuvor der hyperthermen Chemotherapie unterzogen wurden. N2 - The combination of cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy in selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, such as colorectal carcinoma. Intraperitoneal chemoperfusion combines local high-dose chemotherapy with hyperthermia. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in this process, as they are induced as a result of cellular stress factors such as heat or cytostatic drug-induced chemotoxicity. HSPs induce repair and cell protection mechanisms and thus possibly reduce the desired therapeutic success of HIPEC in individual surviving tumor cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the external stressors hyperthermia and cytostatic drugs on the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90) in three human colon carcinoma cell lines using an already established in vitro HIPEC model. For this purpose, cell lines HT29, SW480, and SW620 were each exposed to three different temperature levels of 37°C as normothermia, 41°C, and 43°C as hyperthermia for one hour with and without cytostatic drugs (mitomycin C, MMC, and oxaliplatin, OXA). After a regeneration period of 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h they were examined by RT-qPCR analysis and Western blots. In addition, following the same procedure, effects of HIPEC on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using proliferation markers Ki-67, PCNA and MTS assays, and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL in in vitro tumor cell mounts as well as in ex vivo patient samples before and after HIPEC. Both, one-hour chemotherapy with mitomycin C or oxaliplatin under hyperthermic conditions and isolated hyperthermia treatment resulted in significant overexpression of the HSPs in RTq-PCR analyses of all three colon carcinoma cell lines compared with normothermic control conditions at 37°C. Interestingly, increased HSP gene expression patterns were still observed three days after treatment. Increased protein expression was confirmatory especially for HSP27 and HSP70 under cytostatic treatment with MMC or OXA and resulted in up to a 3-fold increase in expression when cells were exposed to hyperthermic conditions. Tumor cells previously subjected to hyperthermic chemotherapy also interestingly showed proliferative instead of anti-proliferative effects. In MTS assays performed, both hyperthermia alone and additional cytostatic administration resulted in significantly increased cell viability compared to normothermic chemotherapy in the model approach. Consistent with the results of the MTS assays, induction of the proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67 by hyperthermia and chemotherapy was observed at the gene and protein levels. In the case of PCNA, increased protein expression could be confirmed in ex vivo samples from patients after clinically performed HIPEC. Additional investigations of the anti-apoptotic regulator protein Bcl-xL in in vitro tumor cell preparations as well as in ex vivo samples from patients after hyperthermic chemotherapy, also showed a significantly increased protein expression under hyperthermia alone as well as especially in combination with cytostatic drugs. The induction of HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 as a result of hyperthermic and cytotoxic stress induces undesired anti-apopotic and proliferative effects in surviving cells after hyperthermic chemotherapy in terms of repair and cell protection mechanisms and has a negative impact on the therapeutic success of HIPEC. In conclusion, the use of HSP inhibitors to prevent the described undesired cellular mechanisms should be investigated. These offer an interesting opportunity to increase the efficiency of cytostatic drugs commonly used in clinical practice and thus have a positive influence on the success of therapy and survival time of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Further studies of the own research group with combined HSP70/HSP90 inhibitors already showed a significantly reduced cell viability in colon carcinoma cells previously subjected to hyperthermic chemotherapy. KW - Dickdarmkrebs KW - Colonkrebs KW - Peritonealkarzinose KW - HIPEC KW - Kolonkarzinom KW - Hitzeschock-Proteine KW - Hypertherme Chemotherapie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327101 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Kusan, Simon A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Disease- and medication-specific differences of the microbial spectrum in perianal fistulizing Crohn’s Disease — relevant aspects for antibiotic therapy JF - Biomedicines N2 - Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s Disease (CD) with abscess formation represents an aggressive phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with increased morbidity. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes antibiotics, but knowledge about the microbial spectrum is rare often resulting in inadequate antimicrobial therapy. In this single center retrospective study, all patients who were operated due to perianal abscess formation were retrospectively analyzed and the microbial spectrum evaluated. Patients were divided into a CD and non-CD group with further subgroup analysis. 138 patients were finally included in the analysis with 62 patients suffering from CD. Relevant differences were detected for the microbial spectrum with anaerobic bacteria being significantly more often isolated from non-CD patients. In a subgroup-analysis of CD patients only, medical therapy had a relevant effect on the microbial spectrum since Streptococcus groups and Enterobacterales were significantly more often isolated in patients treated with steroids compared to those being treated by antibodies. In conclusion, the microbial spectrum of patients suffering from CD varies significantly from non-CD patients and immunosuppressive medication has a relevant effect on isolated pathogens. Based on that, adaption of antibiotic treatment might be discussed in the future. KW - fistulizing Crohn’s Disease KW - microbial spectrum KW - anorectal abscess KW - perianal fistulas Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290281 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 10 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pelz, Jörg O. W. A1 - Wagner, Johanna A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Kastner, Caroline A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Laparoscopic right-sided colon resection for colon cancer - has the control group so far been chosen correctly? JF - World Journal of Surgical Oncology N2 - Background: The treatment strategies for colorectal cancer located in the right side of the colon have changed dramatically during the last decade. Due to the introduction of complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central ligation of the vessels and systematic lymph node dissection, the long-term survival of affected patients has increased significantly. It has also been proposed that right-sided colon resection can be performed laparoscopically with the same extent of resection and equal long-term results. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of a prospectively expanded database on right-sided colorectal cancer or adenoma treated at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg between 2009 and 2016 was performed. All patients underwent CME. This data was analyzed alone and in comparison to the published data describing laparoscopic right-sided colon resection for colon cancer. Results: The database contains 279 patients, who underwent right-sided colon resection due to colorectal cancer or colorectal adenoma (255 open; 24 laparoscopic). Operation data (time, length of stay, time on ICU) was equal or superior to laparoscopy, which is comparable to the published results. Surprisingly, the surrogate parameter for correct CME (the number of removed lymph nodes) was significantly higher in the open group. In a subgroup analysis only including patients who were feasible for laparoscopic resection and had been operated with an open procedure by an experienced surgeon, operation time was significantly shorter and the number of removed lymph nodes is significantly higher in the open group. Conclusion: So far, several studies demonstrate that laparoscopic right-sided colon resection is comparable to open resection. Our data suggests that a consequent CME during an open operation leads to significantly more removed lymph nodes than in laparoscopically resected patients and in several so far published data of open control groups from Europe. Further prospective randomized trials comparing the long-term outcome are urgently needed before laparoscopy for right-sided colon resection can be recommended ubiquitously. KW - colon cancer KW - laparoscopic right colectomy KW - lymph nodes Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176186 VL - 16 IS - 117 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Rotzinger, Laura A1 - Nordbeck, Arno A1 - Corteville, Caroline A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich A1 - Knop, Juna-Lisa A1 - Hoffmann, Annett A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Seyfried, Florian T1 - Leptin receptors are not required for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery to normalize energy and glucose homeostasis in rats JF - Nutrients N2 - Sensitization to the adipokine leptin is a promising therapeutic strategy against obesity and its comorbidities and has been proposed to contribute to the lasting metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We formally tested this idea using Zucker fatty fa/fa rats as an established genetic model of obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver due to leptin receptor deficiency. We show that the changes in body weight in these rats following RYGB largely overlaps with that of diet-induced obese Wistar rats with intact leptin receptors. Further, food intake and oral glucose tolerance were normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats to the levels of lean Zucker fatty fa/+ controls, in association with increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin release. In contrast, while fatty liver was also normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats, their circulating levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remained elevated at the level of obese Zucker fatty fa/fa controls. These findings suggest that the leptin system is not required for the normalization of energy and glucose homeostasis associated with RYGB, but that its potential contribution to the improvements in liver health postoperatively merits further investigation. KW - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery KW - energy homeostasis KW - glucose homeostasis KW - fatty liver KW - leptin system KW - Zucker fatty fa/fa rats Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239550 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 13 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boelch, Sebastian P. A1 - Gurok, Anna A1 - Gilbert, Fabian A1 - Weißenberger, Manuel A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Barthel, Thomas A1 - Reppenhagen, Stephan T1 - Why compromise the patella? Five-year follow-up results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation JF - International Orthopaedics N2 - Purpose This study investigates the redislocation rate and functional outcome at a minimum follow-up of five years after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation for patella instability. Methods Patients were retrospectively identified and knees were evaluated for trochlea dysplasia according to Dejour, for presence of patella alta and for presence of cartilage lesion at surgery. At a minimum follow-up of five years, information about an incident of redislocation was obtained. Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner questionnaires as well as range of motion were used to measure functional outcome. Results Eighty-nine knees were included. Follow-up rate for redislocation was 79.8% and for functional outcome 58.4%. After a mean follow-up of 5.8 years, the redislocation rate was 5.6%. There was significant improvement of the Kujala score (68.8 to 88.2, p = 0.000) and of the Lysholm score (71.3 to 88.4, p = 0.000). Range of motion at follow-up was 149.0° (115–165). 77.5% of the knees had patella alta and 52.9% trochlear dysplasia types B, C, or D. Patellar cartilage legions were present in 54.2%. Redislocations occurred in knees with trochlear dysplasia type C in combination with patella alta. Conclusion MPFL reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation leads to significant improvement of knee function and low midterm redislocation rate. Patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia should be considered for additional osseous correction. KW - MPFL KW - medial patellofemoral ligament KW - patella instability KW - patella dislocation KW - trochlear dysplasia KW - patella alta Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235751 SN - 0341-2695 VL - 45 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Deinlein, Hanna A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Stefanie A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Organoid Models for Cancer Research — From Bed to Bench Side and Back JF - Cancers N2 - Simple Summary Despite significant strides in multimodal therapy, cancers still rank within the first three causes of death especially in industrial nations. A lack of individualized approaches and accurate preclinical models are amongst the major barriers that limit the development of novel therapeutic options and drugs. Recently, the 3D culture system of organoids was developed which stably retains the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the original tissue, healthy as well as diseased. In this review, we summarize current data and evidence on the relevance and reliability of such organoid culture systems in cancer research, focusing on their role in drug investigations (in a personalized manner). Abstract Organoids are a new 3D ex vivo culture system that have been applied in various fields of biomedical research. First isolated from the murine small intestine, they have since been established from a wide range of organs and tissues, both in healthy and diseased states. Organoids genetically, functionally and phenotypically retain the characteristics of their tissue of origin even after multiple passages, making them a valuable tool in studying various physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. The finding that organoids can also be established from tumor tissue or can be engineered to recapitulate tumor tissue has dramatically increased their use in cancer research. In this review, we discuss the potential of organoids to close the gap between preclinical in vitro and in vivo models as well as clinical trials in cancer research focusing on drug investigation and development. KW - cancer KW - tumor disease KW - organoid KW - patient-derived organoid (PDOs) KW - patient-derived tumor organoid (PDTO) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246307 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 13 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Mathe, Katrin A1 - Gesierich, Anja A1 - Weyandt, Gerhard A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Gasser, Martin A1 - Pelz, Jörg O. W. T1 - Morbidity and oncologic outcome after saphenous vein-sparing inguinal lymphadenectomy in melanoma patients JF - World Journal of Surgical Oncology N2 - Background: Inguinal lymph node dissection (LND) is a surgical procedure with a high morbidity rate. Variations in surgical procedure, such as sparing of the saphenous vein, have been proposed to reduce surgical morbidity. While sparing of the saphenous vein has shown promising results in earlier studies, data for this procedure in melanoma patients are rare. In this retrospective study, we report 10-year findings on the effects of saphenous vein-sparing LND on surgical morbidity and oncologic outcomes in melanoma patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of melanoma patients receiving inguinal LND in our facility between 2003 and 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: the saphenous vein resection group and the vein sparing group. Surgical morbidity, including wound infection, lymphatic fistula, severe bleeding, neurological complications, and chronic lymphedema, as well as regional recurrence-free survival were investigated. Results: A total of 106 patients were included in this study; of these, the saphenous vein was spared in 41 patients (38.7%). The rate of lymphatic fistula was 51.6 vs. 48.8%, wound infection occurred in 31.3 vs. 24.4%, and patients suffered from chronic lymphedema in 30.0 vs. 26.5% in V. saphena magna resection vs. sparing group. Differences observed, however, were not significant. No difference in regional recurrence-free survival between the two study groups was detected. Conclusions: The results of our retrospective analysis could not confirm the promising results reported in earlier studies. Thus, sparing of the saphenous vein appears to be optional. KW - malignant melanoma KW - inguinal lymph node dissection KW - regional recurrence KW - V. saphena magna Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157687 VL - 15 IS - 99 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kollmann, Cathérine T. A1 - Pretzsch, Elise B. A1 - Kunz, Andreas A1 - Isbert, Christoph A1 - Krajinovic, Katica A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Kim, Mia T1 - Anorectal angle at rest predicting successful sacral nerve stimulation in idiopathic fecal incontinence—a cohort analysis JF - International Journal of Colorectal Disease N2 - Purpose Sacral nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for patients suffering from fecal incontinence. However, less is knownabout predictors of success before stimulation. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of successful sacral nervestimulation in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Methods Consecutive female patients, receiving peripheral nerve evaluation and sacral nerve stimulation between September2008 and October 2014, suffering from idiopathic fecal incontinence were included in this study. Preoperative patient’scharac-teristics, anal manometry, and defecography results were collected prospectively and investigated by retrospective analysis. Mainoutcome measures were independent predictors of treatment success after sacral nerve stimulation. Results From, all in all, 54 patients suffering from idiopathic fecal incontinence receiving peripheral nerve evaluation, favorableoutcome was achieved in 23 of 30 patients after sacral nerve stimulation (per protocol 76.7%; intention to treat 42.6%). From allanalyzed characteristics, wide anorectal angle at rest in preoperative defecography was the only independent predictor offavorable outcome in multivariate analysis (favorable 134.1 ± 13.9° versus unfavorable 118.6 ± 17.1°). Conclusions Anorectal angle at rest in preoperative defecography might present a predictor of outcome after sacral nervestimulation in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. KW - sacral nerve stimulation KW - idiopathic fecal incontinence KW - sacral neuromodulation KW - anorectal angl Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232379 SN - 0179-1958 VL - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meir, Michael A1 - Maurus, Katja A1 - Kuper, Jochen A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Wardelmann, Eva A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - The novel KIT exon 11 germline mutation K558N is associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mastocytosis, and seminoma development JF - Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer N2 - Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are dominant genetic disorders that are caused by germline mutations of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase KIT. While sporadic mutations are frequently found in mastocytosis and GISTs, germline mutations of KIT have only been described in 39 families until now. We detected a novel germline mutation of KIT in exon 11 (p.Lys-558-Asn; K558N) in a patient from a kindred with several GISTs harboring different secondary somatic KIT mutations. Structural analysis suggests that the primary germline mutation alone is not sufficient to release the autoinhibitory region of KIT located in the transmembrane domain. Instead, the KIT kinase module becomes constitutively activated when K558N combines with different secondary somatic mutations. The identical germline mutation in combination with an additional somatic KIT mutation was detected in a second patient of the kindred with seminoma while a third patient within the family had a cutaneous mastocytosis. These findings suggest that the K558N mutation interferes with the juxtamembranous part of KIT, since seminoma and mastocystosis are usually not associated with exon 11 mutations. KW - germline mutation KW - GIST KW - KIT KW - mastocytosis KW - seminoma Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257476 VL - 60 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madrahimov, Nodir A1 - Mutsenko, Vitalii A1 - Natanov, Ruslan A1 - Radaković, Dejan A1 - Klapproth, André A1 - Hassan, Mohamed A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias A1 - Kleefeldt, Florian A1 - Aleksic, Ivan A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Leyh, Rainer G. A1 - Bening, Constanze T1 - Multiorgan recovery in a cadaver body using mild hypothermic ECMO treatment in a murine model JF - Intensive Care Medicine Experimental N2 - Background Transplant candidates on the waiting list are increasingly challenged by the lack of organs. Most of the organs can only be kept viable within very limited timeframes (e.g., mere 4–6 h for heart and lungs exposed to refrigeration temperatures ex vivo). Donation after circulatory death (DCD) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can significantly enlarge the donor pool, organ yield per donor, and shelf life. Nevertheless, clinical attempts to recover organs for transplantation after uncontrolled DCD are extremely complex and hardly reproducible. Therefore, as a preliminary strategy to fulfill this task, experimental protocols using feasible animal models are highly warranted. The primary aim of the study was to develop a model of ECMO-based cadaver organ recovery in mice. Our model mimics uncontrolled organ donation after an “out-of-hospital” sudden unexpected death with subsequent “in-hospital” cadaver management post-mortem. The secondary aim was to assess blood gas parameters, cardiac activity as well as overall organ state. The study protocol included post-mortem heparin–streptokinase administration 10 min after confirmed death induced by cervical dislocation under full anesthesia. After cannulation, veno-arterial ECMO (V–A ECMO) was started 1 h after death and continued for 2 h under mild hypothermic conditions followed by organ harvest. Pressure- and flow-controlled oxygenated blood-based reperfusion of a cadaver body was accompanied by blood gas analysis (BGA), electrocardiography, and histological evaluation of ischemia–reperfusion injury. For the first time, we designed and implemented, a not yet reported, miniaturized murine hemodialysis circuit for the treatment of severe hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis post-mortem. Results BGA parameters confirmed profound ischemia typical for cadavers and incompatible with normal physiology, including extremely low blood pH, profound negative base excess, and enormously high levels of lactate. Two hours after ECMO implantation, blood pH values of a cadaver body restored from < 6.5 to 7.3 ± 0.05, pCO2 was lowered from > 130 to 41.7 ± 10.5 mmHg, sO2, base excess, and HCO3 were all elevated from below detection thresholds to 99.5 ± 0.6%, − 4 ± 6.2 and 22.0 ± 6.0 mmol/L, respectively (Student T test, p < 0.05). A substantial decrease in hyperlactatemia (from > 20 to 10.5 ± 1.7 mmol/L) and hyperkalemia (from > 9 to 6.9 ± 1.0 mmol/L) was observed when hemodialysis was implemented. On balance, the first signs of regained heart activity appeared on average 10 min after ECMO initiation without cardioplegia or any inotropic and vasopressor support. This was followed by restoration of myocardial contractility with a heart rate of up to 200 beats per minute (bpm) as detected by an electrocardiogram (ECG). Histological examinations revealed no evidence of heart injury 3 h post-mortem, whereas shock-specific morphological changes relevant to acute death and consequent cardiac/circulatory arrest were observed in the lungs, liver, and kidney of both control and ECMO-treated cadaver mice. Conclusions Thus, our model represents a promising approach to facilitate studying perspectives of cadaveric multiorgan recovery for transplantation. Moreover, it opens new possibilities for cadaver organ treatment to extend and potentiate donation and, hence, contribute to solving the organ shortage dilemma. KW - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation KW - cadaver multiorgan preservation KW - mild hypothermia KW - post-mortem heart recovery Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357381 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gruschwitz, Philipp A1 - Hartung, Viktor A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Peter, Dominik A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Huflage, Henner A1 - Hendel, Robin A1 - Pannenbecker, Pauline A1 - Augustin, Anne Marie A1 - Kunz, Andreas Steven A1 - Feldle, Philipp A1 - Bley, Thorsten Alexander A1 - Grunz, Jan-Peter T1 - Comparison of ultrahigh and standard resolution photon-counting CT angiography of the femoral arteries in a continuously perfused in vitro model JF - European Radiology Experimental N2 - Background With the emergence of photon-counting CT, ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) imaging can be performed without dose penalty. This study aims to directly compare the image quality of UHR and standard resolution (SR) scan mode in femoral artery angiographies. Methods After establishing continuous extracorporeal perfusion in four fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens, photon-counting CT angiographies were performed with a radiation dose of 5 mGy and tube voltage of 120 kV in both SR and UHR mode. Images were reconstructed with dedicated convolution kernels (soft: Body-vascular (Bv)48; sharp: Bv60; ultrasharp: Bv76). Six radiologists evaluated the image quality by means of a pairwise forced-choice comparison tool. Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W) was calculated to quantify interrater agreement. Image quality was further assessed by measuring intraluminal attenuation and image noise as well as by calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR). Results UHR yielded lower noise than SR for identical reconstructions with kernels ≥ Bv60 (p < 0.001). UHR scans exhibited lower intraluminal attenuation compared to SR (Bv60: 406.4 ± 25.1 versus 418.1 ± 30.1 HU; p < 0.001). Irrespective of scan mode, SNR and CNR decreased while noise increased with sharper kernels but UHR scans were objectively superior to SR nonetheless (Bv60: SNR 25.9 ± 6.4 versus 20.9 ± 5.3; CNR 22.7 ± 5.8 versus 18.4 ± 4.8; p < 0.001). Notably, UHR scans were preferred in subjective assessment when images were reconstructed with the ultrasharp Bv76 kernel, whereas SR was rated superior for Bv60. Interrater agreement was high (W = 0.935). Conclusions Combinations of UHR scan mode and ultrasharp convolution kernel are able to exploit the full image quality potential in photon-counting CT angiography of the femoral arteries. Relevance statement The UHR scan mode offers improved image quality and may increase diagnostic accuracy in CT angiography of the peripheral arterial runoff when optimized reconstruction parameters are chosen. Key points • UHR photon-counting CT improves image quality in combination with ultrasharp convolution kernels. • UHR datasets display lower image noise compared with identically reconstructed standard resolution scans. • Scans in UHR mode show decreased intraluminal attenuation compared with standard resolution imaging. KW - CT angiography KW - femoral arteries KW - photon-counting computed tomography (CT) KW - small pixel effect KW - ultrahigh resolution Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357905 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaitseva, Olena A1 - Hoffmann, Annett A1 - Löst, Margaretha A1 - Anany, Mohamed A. A1 - Zhang, Tengyu A1 - Kucka, Kirstin A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Wajant, Harald T1 - Antibody-based soluble and membrane-bound TWEAK mimicking agonists with FcγR-independent activity JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) activates the classical and alternative NFκB (nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells) signaling pathway but also enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death. Fn14 expression is upregulated in non-hematopoietic cells during tissue injury and is also often highly expressed in solid cancers. In view of the latter, there were and are considerable preclinical efforts to target Fn14 for tumor therapy, either by exploiting Fn14 as a target for antibodies with cytotoxic activity (e.g. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-inducing IgG variants, antibody drug conjugates) or by blocking antibodies with the aim to interfere with protumoral Fn14 activities. Noteworthy, there are yet no attempts to target Fn14 with agonistic Fc effector function silenced antibodies to unleash the proinflammatory and cell death-enhancing activities of this receptor for tumor therapy. This is certainly not at least due to the fact that anti-Fn14 antibodies only act as effective agonists when they are presented bound to Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Thus, there are so far no antibodies that robustly and selectively engage Fn14 signaling without triggering unwanted FcγR-mediated activities. In this study, we investigated a panel of variants of the anti-Fn14 antibody 18D1 of different valencies and domain architectures with respect to their inherent FcγR-independent ability to trigger Fn14-associated signaling pathways. In contrast to conventional 18D1, the majority of 18D1 antibody variants with four or more Fn14 binding sites displayed a strong ability to trigger the alternative NFκB pathway and to enhance TNF-induced cell death and therefore resemble in their activity soluble (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), one form of the natural occurring ligand of Fn14. Noteworthy, activation of the classical NFκB pathway, which naturally is predominately triggered by membrane-bound TWEAK but not soluble TWEAK, was preferentially observed with a subset of constructs containing Fn14 binding sites at opposing sites of the IgG scaffold, e.g. IgG1-scFv fusion proteins. A superior ability of IgG1-scFv fusion proteins to trigger classical NFκB signaling was also observed with the anti-Fn14 antibody PDL192 suggesting that we identified generic structures for Fn14 antibody variants mimicking soluble and membrane-bound TWEAK. KW - agonistic antibodies KW - cell death KW - FcγR KW - Fn14 KW - NFκB KW - TNF receptor superfamily KW - TWEAK Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323116 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döhler, Ida A1 - Röder, Daniel A1 - Schlesinger, Tobias A1 - Nassen, Christian Alexander A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Lock, Johan Friso T1 - Risk-adjusted perioperative bridging anticoagulation reduces bleeding complications without increasing thromboembolic events in general and visceral surgery JF - BMC Anesthesiology N2 - Background Perioperative bridging of oral anticoagulation increases the risk of bleeding complications after elective general and visceral surgery. The aim of this study was to explore, whether an individual risk-adjusted bridging regimen can reduce bleeding events, while still protecting against thromboembolic events. Methods We performed a quality improvement study comparing bridging parameters and postoperative outcomes before (period 1) and after implementation (period 2) of a new risk-adjusted bridging regimen. The primary endpoint of the study was overall incidence of postoperative bleeding complications during 30 days postoperatively. Secondary endpoints were major postoperative bleeding, minor bleeding, thromboembolic events, postoperative red blood cell transfusion, perioperative length-of-stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 263 patients during period 1 and 271 patients during period 2 were compared. The included elective operations covered the entire field of general and visceral surgery. The overall incidence of bleeding complications declined from 22.1% during period 1 to 10.3% in period 2 (p < 0.001). This reduction affected both major as well as minor bleeding events (8.4% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.039; 13.7% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.004). The incidence of thromboembolic events remained low (0.8% vs. 1.1%). No changes in mortality or length-of-stay were observed. Conclusion It is important to balance the individual thromboembolic and bleeding risks in perioperative bridging management. The risk adjusted bridging regimen reduces bleeding events in general and visceral surgery while the risk of thromboembolism remains comparably low. KW - low-molecular heparin KW - atrial fibrillation KW - postoperative bleeding KW - thromboembolism KW - anticoagulation KW - bridging Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357305 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kollmann, Catherine A1 - Buerkert, Hannah A1 - Meir, Michael A1 - Richter, Konstantin A1 - Kretzschmar, Kai A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Burkard, Natalie A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Human organoids are superior to cell culture models for intestinal barrier research JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology N2 - Loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function is a hallmark in digestive tract inflammation. The detailed mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of suitable cell-based models in barrier research. Here we performed a detailed functional characterization of human intestinal organoid cultures under different conditions with the aim to suggest an optimized ex-vivo model to further analyse inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Differentiated Caco2 cells as a traditional model for intestinal epithelial barrier research displayed mature barrier functions which were reduced after challenge with cytomix (TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-1ß) to mimic inflammatory conditions. Human intestinal organoids grown in culture medium were highly proliferative, displayed high levels of LGR5 with overall low rates of intercellular adhesion and immature barrier function resembling conditions usually found in intestinal crypts. WNT-depletion resulted in the differentiation of intestinal organoids with reduced LGR5 levels and upregulation of markers representing the presence of all cell types present along the crypt-villus axis. This was paralleled by barrier maturation with junctional proteins regularly distributed at the cell borders. Application of cytomix in immature human intestinal organoid cultures resulted in reduced barrier function that was accompanied with cell fragmentation, cell death and overall loss of junctional proteins, demonstrating a high susceptibility of the organoid culture to inflammatory stimuli. In differentiated organoid cultures, cytomix induced a hierarchical sequence of changes beginning with loss of cell adhesion, redistribution of junctional proteins from the cell border, protein degradation which was accompanied by loss of epithelial barrier function. Cell viability was observed to decrease with time but was preserved when initial barrier changes were evident. In summary, differentiated intestinal organoid cultures represent an optimized human ex-vivo model which allows a comprehensive reflection to the situation observed in patients with intestinal inflammation. Our data suggest a hierarchical sequence of inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction starting with loss of intercellular adhesion, followed by redistribution and loss of junctional proteins resulting in reduced barrier function with consecutive epithelial death. KW - intestinal epithelial barrier KW - Caco2 cells KW - intestinal organoids KW - enteroids KW - gut barrier KW - inflammatory cell model KW - inflammation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357317 SN - 2296-634X VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gruschwitz, Philipp A1 - Hartung, Viktor A1 - Kleefeldt, Florian A1 - Peter, Dominik A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Huflage, Henner A1 - Grunz, Jan-Peter A1 - Augustin, Anne Marie A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Bley, Thorsten Alexander A1 - Petritsch, Bernhard T1 - Continuous extracorporeal femoral perfusion model for intravascular ultrasound, computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography JF - PLoS One N2 - Objectives We developed a novel human cadaveric perfusion model with continuous extracorporeal femoral perfusion suitable for performing intra-individual comparison studies, training of interventional procedures and preclinical testing of endovascular devices. Objective of this study was to introduce the techniques and evaluate the feasibility for realistic computed tomography angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography (DSA) including vascular interventions, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods The establishment of the extracorporeal perfusion was attempted using one formalin-fixed and five fresh-frozen human cadavers. In all specimens, the common femoral and popliteal arteries were prepared, introducer sheaths inserted, and perfusion established by a peristaltic pump. Subsequently, we performed CTA and bilateral DSA in five cadavers and IVUS on both legs of four donors. Examination time without unintentional interruption was measured both with and without non-contrast planning CT. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting was performed by two interventional radiologists on nine extremities (five donors) using a broad spectrum of different intravascular devices. Results The perfusion of the upper leg arteries was successfully established in all fresh-frozen but not in the formalin-fixed cadaver. The experimental setup generated a stable circulation in each procedure (ten upper legs) for a period of more than six hours. Images acquired with CT, DSA and IVUS offered a realistic impression and enabled the sufficient visualization of all examined vessel segments. Arterial cannulating, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as well as stent deployment were feasible in a way that is comparable to a vascular intervention in vivo. The perfusion model allowed for introduction and testing of previously not used devices. Conclusions The continuous femoral perfusion model can be established with moderate effort, works stable, and is utilizable for medical imaging of the peripheral arterial system using CTA, DSA and IVUS. Therefore, it appears suitable for research studies, developing skills in interventional procedures and testing of new or unfamiliar vascular devices. KW - continuous extracorporeal femoral perfusion model KW - novel human cadaveric perfusion model KW - computed tomography angiography (CTA) KW - digital subtraction angiography (DSA) KW - intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350136 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plassmeier, Lars A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Seyfried, Florian T1 - Impact of Excess Body Weight on Postsurgical Complications JF - Visceral Medicine N2 - Background: Obesity is considered a risk factor for postoperative complications as it can limit exposure to the operation field, thereby significantly prolonging surgery time. Obesity-associated comorbidities, such as low-grade systemic inflammation, impaired functional status, and type 2 diabetes, are independent risk factors for impaired anastomotic wound healing and nonsurgical site infections. If obesity itself is an independent risk factor for surgical complications remains controversial, but the reason for this is largely unexplored. Summary: A MEDLINE literature search was performed using the terms: “obesity,” “excess body weight,” and “surgical complications.” Out of 65,493 articles 432 meta-analyses were screened, of which 25 meta-analyses were on the subject. The vast majority of complex oncologic procedures in the field of visceral surgery have shown higher complication rates in obese patients. Meta-analyses from the last 10 to 15 years with high numbers of patients enrolled consistently have shown longer operation times, higher blood loss, longer hospital stay for colorectal procedures, oncologic upper gastrointestinal (GI) procedures, and pancreatic surgery. Interestingly, these negative effects seem not to affect the overall survival in oncologic patients, especially in esophageal resections. A selection bias in oncologic upper GI patients may have influenced the results with higher BMI in upper GI cancer to be a predictor for better nutritional and performance status. Key Messages: Contrary to bariatric surgery, only limited evidence indicated that site and type of surgery, the approach to the abdominal cavity (laparoscopic vs. open), institutional factors, and the type of perioperative care such as ERAS protocols may play a role in determining postsurgical complications in obese patients. The initial question remains therefore partially unanswered. Large nationwide register-based studies are necessary to better understand which aspects of obesity and its related comorbidities define it as a risk factor for surgical complications. KW - obesity KW - surgical complications KW - laparoscopy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244890 SN - 2297-4725 SN - 2297-475X VL - 37 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Güsgen, C. A1 - Anger, F. A1 - Hauer, T. A1 - Willms, A. A1 - Buhr, H. J. A1 - Germer, C.-T. A1 - Schwab, R. A1 - Lock, J. F. T1 - Fortbildung von Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgen in der lebensrettenden Notfallchirurgie. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Operationskursteilnehmern JF - Der Chirurg N2 - Hintergrund Die geringe Anzahl operativ zu versorgender Körperhöhlenverletzungen erfordert ein Umdenken in der chirurgischen Aus- und Weiterbildung. Ein entsprechendes Kursformat wird seit 2014 über die DGAV angeboten. Um Berechtigung, Bedarf, Nutzen und Erfolg eines solchen Kursformates zu erheben, erfolgte eine Evaluation durch die bisherigen Kursteilnehmer. Material und Methoden Kursevaluation und zusätzliche Onlinebefragung der bisherigen Kursteilnehmer hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht, Ausbildungsstand, Fachrichtung, Versorgungsstufe des Krankenhauses, notfallchirurgischer Erfahrungen, der Häufigkeit chirurgischer Notfallversorgungen, Teilnahme an anderen Kursformaten, Erfahrungen nach der Kursteilnahme, Einschätzung der aktuellen Fort- und Weiterbildungssituation und Finanzierung solcher Kurse. Ergebnisse Insgesamt 142 Kursteilnehmer evaluierten ihre Kursteilnahme, zusätzlich beantworteten 83 den Onlinefragebogen. Über 90 % berichteten von einem nachhaltigen positiven Einfluss des Kurses auf ihr notfallchirurgisches Handeln. Mehr als die Hälfte konnte von konkreten Notfallsituationen berichten, die sie aufgrund der Kursteilnahme besser bewältigen konnten. In der Notfallversorgung erfahrene Chirurgen bewerteten den eigenen Lernerfolg durch die Kursteilnahme signifikant häufiger positiv als ihre weniger erfahrenen Kollegen. Keinen Einfluss auf den Lernerfolg hatten eine Ober- oder Chefarztposition, die Versorgungsstufe des Krankenhauses, das Alter oder Geschlecht der Teilnehmer. Die Mehrheit der antwortenden Chirurgen befürwortet die Integration eines solchen Kursformates in die chirurgische Weiterbildung und fordert hierzu eine finanzielle Unterstützung. Schlussfolgerung Kursformate, in denen notfallchirurgische Strategien und Fähigkeiten vermittelt werden, sind etabliert und werden sehr positiv evaluiert. Die Fort- und Weiterbildung in notfallchirurgischen Fähigkeiten und Kenntnissen liegt im gesellschaftlichen Interesse und zumindest anteilig auch in ihrer Verantwortung. N2 - Background Due to a decreasing number of emergency procedures for body cavity injuries, surgical training is inadequate and current educational concepts must be reconsidered. The German Society for General and Visceral Surgery has set up a surgical training course in 2014 to overcome this shortage. In order to assess the eligibility, needs, benefits and success of such a training format, participants were asked to evaluate the program. Material and methods All participants evaluated the course during participation and were later asked to answer an online survey regarding their age, gender, level of surgical education, surgical discipline, level of care of the hospital, emergency surgical experience and frequency of performing emergency surgery, participation in other programs, experiences after participating in the course, rating of the current training curriculum and funding of such courses. Results Out of 142 participants 83 replied to the online survey. Over 90% reported a lasting positive influence of the course on emergency surgical skills. More than half of the responders remembered a clinical situation which they successfully managed due to the skills they gained during the course. Surgeons experienced in emergency treatment felt significantly more benefit than less experienced colleagues. A consultancy position, the level of care of the hospital, age and sex of the participants did not influence the overall benefits reported. The majority of responding surgeons were in favor of including such a training course in surgical education and stipulated public financial support. Conclusion Course formats that mediate emergency surgery strategies and skills are established and well accepted. Training of surgeons in life-saving emergency surgery is in the public interest and is also partly the responsibility of society. T2 - Advanced training of general and visceral surgeons in life-saving emergency surgery. Results of a survey among participants of a surgery course KW - Damage control surgery KW - Terroranschlagtrauma KW - Abdominaltrauma KW - Messerstichverletzung KW - Schussverletzung KW - damage control surgery KW - terror attack trauma KW - abdominal trauma KW - stab wounds KW - shooting injuries Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235246 SN - 0009-4722 VL - 91 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Markus A1 - Reimer, Stanislaus A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Kornmann, Marko A1 - Meining, Alexander T1 - Endoscopic full thickness resection vs. transanal endoscopic microsurgery for local treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors - a retrospective analysis JF - International Journal of Colorectal Disease N2 - Purpose Local treatment of small well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is recommended by current guidelines. However, although several endoscopic methods have been established, the highest R0 rate is achieved by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Since a recently published study about endoscopic full thickness resection (eFTR) showed a R0 resection rate of 100%, the aim of this study was to evaluate both methods (eFTR vs. TEM). Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients with rectal NET treated either by TEM (1999–2018) or eFTR (2016–2019) in two tertiary centers (University Hospital Wuerzburg and Ulm). We analyzed clinical, procedural, and histopathological outcomes in both groups. Results Twenty-eight patients with rectal NET received local treatment (TEM: 13; eFTR: 15). Most tumors were at stage T1a and grade G1 or G2 (in the TEM group two G3 NETs were staged T2 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy). In both groups, similar outcomes for en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, tumor size, or specimen size were found. No procedural adverse events were noted. Mean procedure time in the TEM group was 48.9 min and 19.2 min in the eFTR group. Conclusion eFTR is a convincing method for local treatment of small rectal NETs combining high safety and efficacy with short interventional time. KW - rectum KW - neuroendocrine tumor (NET) KW - transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) KW - endoscopic full thickness resection (eFTR) KW - full-thickness resection device (FTRD) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234833 SN - 0179-1958 VL - 36 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaser, Kirsten A1 - Kern, David A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Schwab, Michael A1 - Thome, Ulrich H. A1 - Härtel, Christoph A1 - Wright, Clyde J. T1 - Imbalanced inflammatory responses in preterm and term cord blood monocytes and expansion of the CD14\(^+\)CD16\(^+\) subset upon toll-like receptor stimulation JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Developmentally regulated features of innate immunity are thought to place preterm and term infants at risk of infection and inflammation-related morbidity. Underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Differences in monocyte function including toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling have been discussed. Some studies point to generally impaired TLR signaling, others to differences in individual pathways. In the present study, we assessed mRNA and protein expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in preterm and term cord blood (CB) monocytes compared with adult controls stimulated ex vivo with Pam3CSK4, zymosan, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, and CpG oligonucleotide, which activate the TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 pathways, respectively. In parallel, frequencies of monocyte subsets, stimulus-driven TLR expression, and phosphorylation of TLR-associated signaling molecules were analyzed. Independent of stimulus, pro-inflammatory responses of term CB monocytes equaled adult controls. The same held true for preterm CB monocytes—except for lower IL-1β levels. In contrast, CB monocytes released lower amounts of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1ra, resulting in higher ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Phosphorylation of p65, p38, and ERK1/2 correlated with adult controls. However, stimulated CB samples stood out with higher frequencies of intermediate monocytes (CD14\(^+\)CD16\(^+\)). Both pro-inflammatory net effect and expansion of the intermediate subset were most pronounced upon stimulation with Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), zymosan (TR2/6), and lipopolysaccharide (TLR4). Our data demonstrate robust pro-inflammatory and yet attenuated anti-inflammatory responses in preterm and term CB monocytes, along with imbalanced cytokine ratios. Intermediate monocytes, a subset ascribed pro-inflammatory features, might participate in this inflammatory state. KW - neonatal immunology KW - inflammation KW - preterm infants KW - monocytes KW - cord blood KW - monocyte subsets KW - cytokines KW - Toll-like receptor signaling Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311056 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 24 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griebsch, Nora-Isabell A1 - Kern, Johanna A1 - Hansen, Jonas A1 - Rullmann, Michael A1 - Luthardt, Julia A1 - Helfmeyer, Stephanie A1 - Dekorsy, Franziska J. A1 - Soeder, Marvin A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Zientek, Franziska A1 - Becker, Georg-Alexander A1 - Patt, Marianne A1 - Meyer, Philipp M. A1 - Dietrich, Arne A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Ding, Yu-Shin A1 - Hilbert, Anja A1 - Sabri, Osama A1 - Hesse, Swen T1 - Central serotonin/noradrenaline transporter availability and treatment success in patients with obesity JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as well as noradrenaline (NA) are key modulators of various fundamental brain functions including the control of appetite. While manipulations that alter brain serotoninergic signaling clearly affect body weight, studies implicating 5-HT transporters and NA transporters (5-HTT and NAT, respectively) as a main drug treatment target for human obesity have not been conclusive. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to investigate how these central transporters are associated with changes of body weight after 6 months of dietary intervention or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in order to assess whether 5-HTT as well as NAT availability can predict weight loss and consequently treatment success. The study population consisted of two study cohorts using either the 5-HTT-selective radiotracer [\(^{11}\)C]DASB to measure 5-HTT availability or the NAT-selective radiotracer [\(^{11}\)C]MRB to assess NAT availability. Each group included non-obesity healthy participants, patients with severe obesity (body mass index, BMI, >35 kg/m\(^2\)) following a conservative dietary program (diet) and patients undergoing RYGB surgery within a 6-month follow-up. Overall, changes in BMI were not associated with changes of both 5-HTT and NAT availability, while 5-HTT availability in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) prior to intervention was associated with substantial BMI reduction after RYGB surgery and inversely related with modest BMI reduction after diet. Taken together, the data of our study indicate that 5-HTT and NAT are involved in the pathomechanism of obesity and have the potential to serve as predictors of treatment outcomes. KW - obesity KW - serotonin KW - noradrenaline KW - serotonin transporter KW - noradrenaline transporter KW - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery KW - body mass index (BMI; kg/m\(^2\)) KW - radiotracer KW - PET KW - PET imaging Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290294 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Kim, Mia A1 - Schoettker, Kathrin A1 - Brand, Markus A1 - Meining, Alexander A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Kono-S anastomosis in Crohn’s disease: A retrospective study on postoperative morbidity and disease recurrence in comparison to the conventional side-to-side anastomosis JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Introduction: The rates of postoperative recurrence following ileocecal resection due to Crohn’s disease remain highly relevant. Despite this fact, while the Kono-S anastomosis technique initially demonstrated promising results, robust evidence is still lacking. This study aimed to analyze the short- and long-term outcomes of the Kono-S versus side-to-side anastomosis. Methods: A retrospective single-center study was performed including all patients who received an ileocecal resection between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021 at the Department of Surgery at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg. Patients who underwent conventional a side-to-side anastomosis were compared to those who received a Kono-S anastomosis. The short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed for all patients. Results: Here, 29 patients who underwent a conventional side-to-side anastomosis and 22 patients who underwent a Kono-S anastomosis were included. No differences were observed regarding short-term postoperative outcomes. The disease recurrence rate postoperatively was numerically lower following the Kono-S anastomosis (median Rutgeert score of 1.7 versus 2.5), with a relevantly increased rate of patients in remission (17.2% versus 31.8%); however, neither of these results reached statistical significance. Conclusion: The Kono-S anastomosis method is safe and feasible and potentially decreases the severity of postoperative disease remission. KW - Crohn’s disease KW - surgical therapy KW - ileocecal resection KW - Kono-S anastomosis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297334 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Curtaz, Carolin J. A1 - Schmitt, Constanze A1 - Herbert, Saskia-Laureen A1 - Feldheim, Jonas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Gosselet, Fabien A1 - Hagemann, Carsten A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Wöckel, Achim A1 - Burek, Malgorzata T1 - Serum-derived factors of breast cancer patients with brain metastases alter permeability of a human blood-brain barrier model JF - Fluids and Barriers of the CNS N2 - Background The most threatening metastases in breast cancer are brain metastases, which correlate with a very poor overall survival, but also a limited quality of life. A key event for the metastatic progression of breast cancer into the brain is the migration of cancer cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Methods We adapted and validated the CD34\(^+\) cells-derived human in vitro BBB model (brain-like endothelial cells, BLECs) to analyse the effects of patient serum on BBB properties. We collected serum samples from healthy donors, breast cancer patients with primary cancer, and breast cancer patients with, bone, visceral or cerebral metastases. We analysed cytokine levels in these sera utilizing immunoassays and correlated them with clinical data. We used paracellular permeability measurements, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and mRNA analysis to examine the effects of patient sera on the properties of BBB in vitro. Results The BLECs cultured together with brain pericytes in transwells developed a tight monolayer with a correct localization of claudin-5 at the tight junctions (TJ). Several BBB marker proteins such as the TJ proteins claudin-5 and occludin, the glucose transporter GLUT-1 or the efflux pumps PG-P and BCRP were upregulated in these cultures. This was accompanied by a reduced paracellular permeability for fluorescein (400 Da). We then used this model for the treatment with the patient sera. Only the sera of breast cancer patients with cerebral metastases had significantly increased levels of the cytokines fractalkine (CX3CL1) and BCA-1 (CXCL13). The increased levels of fractalkine were associated with the estrogen/progesterone receptor status of the tumour. The treatment of BLECs with these sera selectively increased the expression of CXCL13 and TJ protein occludin. In addition, the permeability of fluorescein was increased after serum treatment. Conclusion We demonstrate that the CD34\(^+\) cell-derived human in vitro BBB model can be used as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular pathologies. We showed that serum from patients with cerebral metastases may affect the integrity of the BBB in vitro, associated with elevated concentrations of specific cytokines such as CX3CL1 and CXCL13. KW - Metastatic breast cancer KW - Blood–brain barrier KW - In vitro models KW - CX3CL1 KW - CXCL13 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229940 VL - 17 ER -