TY - JOUR A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Vogel, Ulrich A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Lock, Johan Friso T1 - Defining the scope of antimicrobial stewardship interventions on the prescription quality of antibiotics for surgical intra-abdominal infections JF - Antibiotics N2 - Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions on surgical antibiotic prescription behavior in the management of non-elective surgical intra-abdominal infections, focusing on postoperative antibiotic use, including the appropriateness of indications. Methods: A single-center quality improvement study with retrospective evaluation of the impact of antimicrobial stewardship measures on optimizing antibacterial use in intra-abdominal infections requiring emergency surgery was performed. The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Germany from January 1, 2016, to January 30, 2020, three years after putting a set of antimicrobial stewardship standards into effect. Results: 767 patients were analyzed (n = 495 in 2016 and 2017, the baseline period; n = 272 in 2018, the antimicrobial stewardship period). The total days of therapy per 100 patient days declined from 47.0 to 42.2 days (p = 0.035). The rate of patients receiving postoperative therapy decreased from 56.8% to 45.2% (p = 0.002), comparing both periods. There was a significant decline in the rate of inappropriate indications (17.4% to 8.1 %, p = 0.015) as well as a significant change from broad-spectrum to narrow-spectrum antibiotic use (28.8% to 6.5%, p ≤ 0.001) for postoperative therapy. The significant decline in antibiotic use did not affect either clinical outcomes or the rate of postoperative wound complications. Conclusions: Postoperative antibiotic use for intra-abdominal infections could be significantly reduced by antimicrobial stewardship interventions. The identification of inappropriate indications remains a key target for antimicrobial stewardship programs. KW - antimicrobial stewardship KW - antibiotic prescription behavior KW - surgical intra-abdominal infections KW - post-operative antibiotic treatment Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223034 SN - 2079-6382 VL - 10 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. A1 - Kudsi, O. Yusef A1 - Garcia-Ureña, Miguel A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Maksimovic, Sladjana A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie III: Robotische Inzisionalhernienversorgung mit „transversus abdominis release“ (r-TAR). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie JF - Der Chirurg N2 - Das Prinzip der gezielten Trennung bzw. Schwächung einzelner Komponenten der Bauchdecke zur Spannungsentlastung der Medianlinie bei großen abdominellen Rekonstruktionen ist seit über 30 Jahren als anteriore Komponentenseparation (aKS) bekannt und ein etabliertes Verfahren. Auf der Suche nach Alternativen mit geringerer Komplikationsrate wurde die posteriore Komponentenseparation (pKS) entwickelt; der „transversus abdominis release“ (TAR) ist eine nervenschonende Modifikation der pKS. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik (z. B. abgewinkelte Instrumente) kann der TAR minimal-invasiv durchgeführt werden (r-TAR): Bruchlücken von bis zu 14 cm lassen sich verschließen und ein großes extraperitoneales Netz implantieren. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung großer Inzisionalhernien in der r‑TAR-Technik präsentiert. Exemplarisch werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 13 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt. Der Eingriff ist anspruchsvoll, die eigenen Ergebnisse sind – wie auch die Berichte aus der Literatur – ermutigend. Der r‑TAR entwickelt sich zur Königsdisziplin der Bauchdeckenrekonstruktion. KW - posteriore Komponentenseparation KW - Robotik KW - inzisionale Hernie KW - ventrale Hernie KW - retromuskuläres Netz Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265172 VL - 92 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauruschkat, Chris D. A1 - Page, Lukas A1 - White, P. Lewis A1 - Etter, Sonja A1 - Davies, Helen E. A1 - Duckers, Jamie A1 - Ebel, Frank A1 - Schnack, Elisabeth A1 - Backx, Matthijs A1 - Dragan, Mariola A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Kniemeyer, Olaf A1 - Brakhage, Axel A. A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Loeffler, Juergen A1 - Wurster, Sebastian T1 - Development of a simple and robust whole blood assay with dual co-stimulation to quantify the release of T-cellular signature cytokines in response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens JF - Journal of Fungi N2 - Deeper understanding of mold-induced cytokine signatures could promote advances in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive mycoses and mold-associated hypersensitivity syndromes. Currently, most T-cellular immunoassays in medical mycology require the isolation of mononuclear cells and have limited robustness and practicability, hampering their broader applicability in clinical practice. Therefore, we developed a simple, cost-efficient whole blood (WB) assay with dual α-CD28 and α-CD49d co-stimulation to quantify cytokine secretion in response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens. Dual co-stimulation strongly enhanced A. fumigatus-induced release of T-cellular signature cytokines detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a multiplex cytokine assay. Furthermore, T-cell-dependent activation and cytokine response of innate immune cells was captured by the assay. The protocol consistently showed little technical variation and high robustness to pre-analytic delays of up to 8 h. Stimulation with an A. fumigatus lysate elicited at least 7-fold greater median concentrations of key T-helper cell signature cytokines, including IL-17 and the type 2 T-helper cell cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in WB samples from patients with Aspergillus-associated lung pathologies versus patients with non-mold-related lung diseases, suggesting high discriminatory power of the assay. These results position WB-ELISA with dual co-stimulation as a simple, accurate, and robust immunoassay for translational applications, encouraging further evaluation as a platform to monitor host immunity to opportunistic pathogens. KW - immunoassay KW - biomarker KW - Aspergillus KW - cytokines KW - inflammation KW - adaptive immunity Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241025 SN - 2309-608X VL - 7 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena A1 - Wiegering, Verena A1 - Benoit, Clemens A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Maurus, Katja A1 - Ernestus, Karen T1 - A large retroperitoneal lipoblastoma as an incidental finding: a case report JF - BMC Pediatrics N2 - Background Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm of infancy that most commonly occurs on the extremities and trunk but can arise at variable sites of the body. Retroperitoneal lipoblastomas are particularly rare but can grow to enormous size, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult with diverse, mostly malignant differential diagnoses that would lead to aggressive therapy. Since lipoblastoma is a benign tumor that has an excellent prognosis after resection, correct diagnosis is crucial. Case presentation A case of a large retroperitoneal tumor of a 24-month old infant that was clinically suspicious of a malignant tumor is presented. Due to proximity to the right kidney, clinically most probably a nephroblastoma or clear cell sarcoma of the kidney was suspected. Radiological findings were ambiguous. Therefore, the mass was biopsied, and histology revealed an adipocytic lesion. Although mostly composed of mature adipocytes, in view of the age of the patient, the differential diagnosis of a (maturing) lipoblastoma was raised, which was supported by molecular analysis demonstrating a HAS2-PLAG1 fusion. The tumor was completely resected, and further histopathological workup led to the final diagnosis of a 13 cm large retroperitoneal maturing lipoblastoma. The child recovered promptly from surgery and showed no evidence of recurrence so far. Conclusion Although rare, lipoblastoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of retroperitoneal tumors in infants and children, and molecular diagnostic approaches could be a helpful diagnostic adjunct in challenging cases. KW - retroperitoneal tumor KW - pediatric KW - lipoblastoma KW - PLAG1 rearrangement KW - case report Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260173 VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayisoglu, Özge A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Bartfeld, Sina T1 - Gastrointestinal epithelial innate immunity-regionalization and organoids as new model JF - Journal of Molecular Medicine N2 - The human gastrointestinal tract is in constant contact with microbial stimuli. Its barriers have to ensure co-existence with the commensal bacteria, while enabling surveillance of intruding pathogens. At the centre of the interaction lies the epithelial layer, which marks the boundaries of the body. It is equipped with a multitude of different innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors, to mount inflammatory responses to microbes. Dysfunction of this intricate system results in inflammation-associated pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the complexity of the cellular interactions, their molecular basis and their development remains poorly understood. In recent years, stem cell-derived organoids have gained increasing attention as promising models for both development and a broad range of pathologies, including infectious diseases. In addition, organoids enable the study of epithelial innate immunity in vitro. In this review, we focus on the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and its regional organization to discuss innate immune sensing and development. KW - regionalization and organoids KW - immunity KW - gastrointestinal tract Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265220 VL - 99 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kettler, Julia T1 - Der antiproliferative Effekt des epigenetischen BRD4- Inhibitors JQ1 auf den proliferativen Phänotyp humaner kolorektaler Karzinomzellen T1 - The antiproliferative effect of epigenetic BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 on the proliferative phenotype of human colorectal cancer cells N2 - Der niedermolekulare Inhibitor JQ1 bindet an der Bromodomäne von BRD4, ein auf epigenetischer Ebene agierendes Protein. Der antiproliferative Effekt von JQ1 wurde bisher bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten vor allem des lymphatischen und blutbildenden Systems gezeigt. In dieser Arbeit wurde der antiproliferative Effekt von JQ1 an fünf humanen kolorektalen Karzinomzelllinien im Vergleich zu nicht transformierten Kontrollzellen (Fibroblasten) in Normoxie, Hypoxie und in der Langzeitkultur nachgewiesen. Außerdem verringerte JQ1 die Expression von MYC auf Protein- und mRNA-Ebene und steigerte die Transkription des durch MYC negativ regulierten Zielegens p21. Diese Steigerung korrelierte mit einem Zellzyklusarrest in der G0/G1-Phase in vier von fünf kolorektalen Karzinomzelllinien. N2 - The small molecule inhibitor JQ1 binds to the bromodomain of BRD4, a protein acting on the epigenetic level. The antiproliferative effect of JQ1 has been shown in various tumor entities, especially in lymphatic and hematopoietic systems. In this study, the antiproliferative effect of JQ1 was demonstrated in five human colorectal carcinoma cell lines compared to non-transformed control cells (fibroblasts) in normoxia, hypoxia and long-term culture. In addition, JQ1 reduced expression of MYC at the protein and mRNA levels and increased transcription of MYC-negatively regulated target p21. This increase correlated with a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in four of five colorectal carcinoma cell lines. KW - MYC KW - JQ1 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176418 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fuhr, Sebastian T1 - Behandlungsoptionen Offene Abdomen Therapie - Entwicklung und Validierung eines multizentrischen Registers T1 - Treatment options Open Abdomen Therapy - Development and validation of a multicenter registry N2 - Die Offene Abdomen Therapie (OAT) stellt eine der größten Herausforderungen im Bereich der Chirurgie dar. Ziel war es ein offenes, kostenloses und internationales Register zu entwickeln, um eine Basis für zukünftige Therapien und den Weg zu einer evidenzbasierten Leitlinie zu legen. Es wurden 630 Fälle identifiziert welche mittels OAT behandelt wurden und im Rahmen einer gemischt retrospektiven als auch prospektiven Datenauswertung in das von uns entwickelte Register eingetragen. Schwerpunkte waren dabei einerseits die Praktikabilität des Registers zu testen als auch Einflussfaktoren für eine erfolgreiche OAT zu finden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Register in seiner Konzeption funktioniert und in der ersten Auswertungen Einflussfaktoren für eine erhöhte Faszienverschlussrate gefunden werden konnten. Der verbesserte Faszienverschluss am Ende der Therapie mit zeitgleich reduzierter Komplikationsrate ist möglich. Aus diesem Grund besitzt die konsequente Nutzung des Registers von behandelnden Einrichtungen, die wo immer mögliche lückenlose Dokumentation, sowie die multizentrische Auswertung der Daten einen hohen Stellenwert in Hinsicht auf Prävention, Therapie und Nachsorge der OAT. N2 - Open abdomen therapy (OAT) represents one of the greatest challenges in the field of surgery. The aim was to develop an open, free and international registry to provide a basis for future therapies and to pave the way for an evidence-based guideline. We identified 630 cases treated with OAT and entered them into the registry in a mixed retrospective and prospective data analysis. The main focus was to test the practicability of the registry as well as to find influencing factors for a successful OAT. It could be shown that the register works in its conception and in the first evaluations influencing factors for an increased fascial closure rate could be found. Improved fascial closure at the end of therapy with a simultaneously reduced complication rate is possible. For this reason, the consistent use of the registry by treating institutions, the complete documentation wherever possible, as well as the multicenter evaluation of the data is of high importance with regard to prevention, therapy and follow-up of OAT. KW - Chirurgie KW - Laparostomie KW - Laparotomie KW - Offene Abdomen Therapie KW - Open abdomen therapy KW - Registerstudie KW - Multizentrisches Register Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257080 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dörries, Luise T1 - Einfluss der präoperativen Konditionierung mittels Magenballon vor bariatrischer Operation auf den Therapieerfolg bei extremer Adipositas – Eine retrospektive Vergleichsstudie T1 - Impact of preoperative weight loss achieved by gastric balloon on peri‑ and postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery in super‑obese patients - a retrospective matched‑pair analysis N2 - Die Adipositaschirurgie ist die effektivste Methode in der Behandlung der Adipositas. Bei extrem adipösen Patientin ist eine primäre Operation oftmals riskant. Die Anlage eines Magenballons als erster Schritt von Mehrstufenkonzepten kann die Operabilität gewährleisten und die perioperative Sicherheit erhöhen. Durch den Magenballon wird ein signifikanter Gewichtsverlust erreicht. Der postoperative Gewichtsverlust fällt allerdings schwächer aus. Es ist wichtig, den Patienten realistische Therapieergebnisse zu vermitteln, um überhöhte Erwartungen und Unzufriedenheit zu vermeiden. Die Sleevegastrektomie eignet sich besonders für extrem adipöse Patienten, da diese eine geringere Komplikationsrate aufweist und einfach in einen Roux-en-Y Bypass umzuwandeln ist. N2 - Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective method in the treatment of obesity. In extreme obese patients, primary surgery is often challenging and risky. A treatment with gastric balloon as first of more-stage concepts can make surgery possible and increase the perioperative safety. As a result of the gastric balloon a significant weight loss can be achieved. However, postoperative weight loss is reduced. It is important to convey patients realistic results in order to avoid excessive expectations and dissatification. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is favourable for extrem obese patient because of its lower complication rate and good technical feasibility of conversion to roux-en-y gastric bypass. KW - Sleeve-Resektion KW - Magenbypass KW - Magenballon KW - extreme Adipositas Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-272945 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reimer, Stanislaus A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Widder, Anna A1 - Plaßmeier, Lars A1 - Döring, Anna A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Meining, Alexander A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Groneberg, Kaja A1 - Seyfried, Florian T1 - Endoscopic management of large leakages after upper gastrointestinal surgery JF - Frontiers in Surgery N2 - Background Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is an evidence-based option to treat anastomotic leakages of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but the technical challenges and clinical outcomes of patients with large defects remain poorly described. Methods All patients with leakages of the upper GI tract that were treated with endoscopic negative pressure therapy at our institution from 2012–2021 were analyzed. Patients with large defects (>30 mm) as an indicator of complex treatment were compared to patients with smaller defects (control group). Results Ninety-two patients with postoperative anastomotic or staplerline leakages were identified, of whom 20 (21.7%) had large defects. Compared to the control group, these patients required prolonged therapy (42 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001) and hospital stay (63 vs. 26 days, p < 0.001) and developed significantly more septic complications (40 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.027.) which often necessitated additional endoscopic and/or surgical/interventional treatments (45 vs. 17.4%, p = 0.007.) Nevertheless, a resolution of leakages was achieved in 80% of patients with large defects, which was similar compared to the control group (p = 0.42). Multiple leakages, especially on the opposite side, along with other local unfavorable conditions, such as foreign material mass, limited access to the defect or extensive necrosis occurred significantly more often in cases with large defects (p < 0.001). Conclusions Overall, our study confirms that EVT for leakages even from large defects of the upper GI tract is feasible in most cases but comes with significant technical challenges. KW - anastomotic leakage KW - endoluminal KW - vacuum-assisted closure KW - negative pressure KW - endoscopic Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-274044 SN - 2296-875X VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Widder, Anna A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic left hemicolectomy — postoperative inflammation status, short-term outcome and cost effectiveness JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Robotic-assisted colon surgery may contain advantages over the laparoscopic approach, but clear evidence is sparse. This study aimed to analyze postoperative inflammation status, short-term outcome and cost-effectiveness of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. All consecutive patients who received minimal-invasive left hemicolectomy at the Department of Surgery I at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg in 2021 were prospectively included. Importantly, no patient selection for either procedure was carried out. The robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic approaches were compared head to head for postoperative short-term outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness. A total of 61 patients were included, with 26 patients having received a robotic-assisted approach. Baseline characteristics did not differ among the groups. Patients receiving a robotic-assisted approach had a significantly decreased length of hospital stay as well as lower rates of complications in comparison to patients who received laparoscopic surgery (n = 35). In addition, C-reactive protein as a marker of systemic stress response was significantly reduced postoperatively in patients who were operated on in a robotic-assisted manner. Consequently, robotic-assisted surgery could be performed in a cost-effective manner. Thus, robotic-assisted left hemicolectomy represents a safe and cost-effective procedure and might improve patient outcomes in comparison to laparoscopic surgery. KW - robotic surgery KW - colon resection KW - postoperative inflammation KW - cost-effectiveness KW - left hemicolectomy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286203 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 IS - 17 ER - TY - THES A1 - Osterholt [geb. Callies], Simone Caroline T1 - Die Bedeutung von tumorzellassoziierter CD137L-Aktivierung für das Proliferationsverhalten und das Proteinexpressions- und -sekretionsprofil von humanen Kolonkarzinomzellen T1 - Effects of CD137L-mediated reverse signaling on protein expression and secretion in human colon cancer cells N2 - CD137 und CD137L stellen ein Rezeptor-Liganden-Paar dar, welches auf vielen Immunzellen exprimiert wird und eine wichtige Rolle im Rahmen der Immunstimulation spielt. CD137L fungiert jedoch nicht nur als Ligand sondern auch als Rezeptor und vermittelt als ein solcher Signale in die ihn exprimierende Zelle. Neben seinem Vorkommen auf Immunzellen wird CD137L auch von einigen Tumorzellen exprimiert, unter anderem auch auf denen des Kolonkarzinoms. In dieser Tumorentität korreliert eine hohe CD137L-Expression mit dem Auftreten von Fernmetastasen und einer insgesamt schlechteren Prognose. Die genaue Rolle von CD137L im Kolonkarzinom ist bislang kaum erforscht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden daher die Auswirkungen einer CD137L-Aktivierung auf die Proliferation sowie die Proteinexpression und -sekretion von Kolonkarzinomzellen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten erstmals darauf hin, dass die CD137L-Stimulation in vitro die Proliferation der entarteten Zellen reduziert und die Expression bzw. Sekretion der Proteine Vimentin, TLR7, VEGF und PDGF steigert. Hieraus wird geschlossen, dass eine Stimulation des von den Kolonkarzinomzellen exprimierten CD137L dazu führt, dass sich der Phänotyp der Tumorzellen von einem epithelialen in Richtung eines mesenchymalen Zelltyps verändert. Darüber hinaus werden vermehrt Proteine exprimiert und sezerniert, welche über unterschiedliche Signalwege an der Invasion und Migration der entarteten Zellen beteiligt sind. Folglich lässt sich annehmen, dass CD137L eine entscheidende Rolle im Metastasierungsprozess von humanen Kolonkarzinomzellen spielt. Sollte sich dies in weiterführenden Untersuchungen bestätigen, könnte eine pharmazeutische Beeinflussung der beteiligten Signalwege möglicherweise die Prognose von an Kolonkarzinomen erkrankten Patient:innen deutlich verbessern. N2 - CD137 and CD137L represent a receptor/ligand-pair expressed on a variety of immune cells which exerts an important immunostimulatory effect. Besides its function as a ligand to CD137, CD137L also acts as a receptor itself, thereby transmitting signals into the cell via reverse signaling. Apart from being expressed on immune cells CD137L is also found on many tumor cells, including colon carcinoma cells. In this tumor entity the expression is positively correlated with distant metastases and poor prognosis, nevertheless little is known about the function of CD137L in the progression of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CD137L-mediated reverse signaling on protein expression and secretion in human colon cancer cells in vitro. The results indicate for the first time that a stimulation of the cells via CD137L induces a decreased proliferation and an increased expression or secretion of the proteins vimentin, TLR7, VEGF and PDGF. Reverse signaling via CD137L proposedly leads to a transition of the cancer cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. In addition, the increasingly expressed and secreted proteins presumably activate signaling pathways which are involved in the invasion and migration of the tumor cells. Hence it is suggested, that CD137L plays a crucial role in the process of metastasis of human colon cancer cells. Should this be confirmed by further studies, impairing this pathway could represent a promising new therapeutic approach which could improve the prognosis of patients suffering from colon cancer. KW - Colonkrebs KW - Metastase KW - Immun-Checkpoint KW - CD137 KW - CD137L Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293382 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nagel, Kathrin T1 - Definition und Diagnostik des postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus nach Thyreoidektomie - ein systematischer Review und Metaanalyse T1 - Definition and diagnosis of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis N2 - Der postoperative Hypoparathyreoidismus (PH) stellt eine der häufigsten Komplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen dar. Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews und Metaanalyse ist die Erarbeitung einer einheitlichen Definition sowie die Ermittlung des bestmöglichen Ansatzes für eine frühzeitige Detektion des PH. Nach Durchführung einer systematischen Literaturrecherche gemäß der PICo-Systematik unter Verwendung der Datenbanken Embase, Pubmed und der Cochrane Library, erfolgte die themenbezogene Aufarbeitung der eingeschlossenen Studien, sowie eine Bias-Bewertung und Metaanalyse geeigneter Arbeiten. Von 13.704 Artikeln konnten 188 in die weitere Analyse eingeschlossen werden. In diesen fanden sich sehr heterogene Definitionen des PH. Sowohl in der systematischen Analyse als auch in der Metaanalyse zeigte sich eine genauere Vorhersagekraft des PH durch eine postoperative im Vergleich zu einer intraoperativen PTH-Messung. Keiner der analysierten Zeiträume innerhalb des ersten postoperativen Tages (POD1) zeigte eine signifikante Überlegenheit in der Vorhersage eines PH. Die PTH- Schwellenwerte 10 bzw. 15 pg/ml können einen PH zuverlässig detektieren. Als Entscheidungsgrundlage zwischen den beiden Werten kann die untere Normwertgrenze des angewendeten Testverfahrens herangezogen werden. Bei präoperativer PTH-Abnahme nach Anästhesieeinleitung ist ein relativer PTH-Abfall von prä- nach postoperativ von 73 ± 11% prädiktiv für die Entwicklung eines PH. Die Bestimmung des Calciumspiegels an POD1 ist obligat und optimiert insbesondere die Erkennung einer biochemischen Hypokalzämie. Ein nicht nachweisbarer oder inadäquat niedriger postoperativer PTH-Spiegel im Zusammenhang mit einer biochemischen oder symptomatischen Hypokalzämie kann als einheitliche Definition des postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus vorgeschlagen werden. Die Messung des Parathormons sollte zwischen einer und sechs Stunden postoperativ, spätestens aber innerhalb von 24 Stunden erfolgen. Sowohl der Schwellenwert ≤ 15 pg/ml als auch ein relativer PTH-Abfall von prä- nach postoperativ sind zuverlässig in der Detektion gefährdeter Patienten. N2 - Background: Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (PH) is the most frequent complication after thyroid surgery. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize a unifying definition of PH and to elucidate the best possible approach for early detection of PH. Methods: A systematic review of the literature according to the PICO framework using Embase, PUBMED and the Cochrane library was carried out on 1 December 2021 followed by analysis for risk of bias, data extraction and meta-analysis. All studies addressing the definition of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and/or diagnostic approaches for early detection and diagnosis were included. Case reports, commentaries, non-English articles, book chapters and pilot studies and reviews were excluded. Results: From 13 704 articles, 188 articles were eligible for inclusion and further analysis. These articles provided heterogeneous definitions of PH. Meta-analysis revealed that postoperative measurements of parathormone (PTH) levels have a higher sensitivity and specificity than intraoperative PTH measurements to predict PH after thyroid surgery. None of the timeframes analysed after surgery within the first postoperative day (POD1) was superior to predict the onset of PH. PTH levels of less than 15 pg/ml and less than 10 pg/ml are both reliable threshold levels to predict the postoperative onset of PH. A relative reduction of mean (s.d.) PTH levels from pre- to postoperative values of 73 (+/- 11) per cent may also be predictive for the development of PH. The estimation of calcium levels on POD1 are recommended. Conclusion: PH is best defined as an undetectable or inappropriately low postoperative PTH level in the context of hypocalcaemia with or without hypocalcaemic symptoms. PTH levels should be measured after surgery within 24 h. Both threshold levels below 10 and 15 pg/ml or relative loss of PTH before/after thyroid surgery are reliable to predict the onset of PH. KW - Hypoparathyreoidismus KW - Thyreoidektomie KW - postoperative Komplikationen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300083 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Baum, Philip A1 - Lehmann, Kai A1 - Uttinger, Konstatin A1 - Baumann, Nikolas A1 - Pietryga, Sebastian A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Lock, Johann F. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Disproportionately high failure to rescue rates after resection for colorectal cancer in the geriatric patient population - A nationwide study JF - Cancer Medicine N2 - Background Colorectal cancer incidence increases with patient age. The aim of this study was to assess, at the nationwide level, in-hospital mortality, and failure to rescue in geriatric patients (≥ 80 years old) with colorectal cancer arising from postoperative complications. Methods All patients receiving surgery for colorectal cancer in Germany between 2012 and 2018 were identified in a nationwide database. Association between age and in-hospital mortality following surgery and failure to rescue, defined as death after complication, were determined in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Three lakh twenty-eight thousands two hundred and ninety patients with colorectal cancer were included of whom 77,287 were 80 years or older. With increasing age, a significant relative increase in right hemicolectomy was observed. In general, these patients had more comorbid conditions and higher frailty. In-hospital mortality following colorectal cancer surgery was 4.9% but geriatric patients displayed a significantly higher postoperative in-hospital mortality of 10.6%. The overall postoperative complication rate as well as failure to rescue increased with age. In contrast, surgical site infection (SSI) and anastomotic leakage (AL) did not increase in geriatric patients, whereas the associated mortality increased disproportionately (13.3% for SSI and 29.9% mortality for patients with AI, both p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders showed that geriatric patients had almost five-times higher odds for death after surgery than the baseline age group below 60 (OR 4.86; 95%CI [4.45–5.53], p < 0.001). Conclusion Geriatric patients have higher mortality after colorectal cancer surgery. This may be partly due to higher frailty and disproportionately higher rates of failure to rescue arising from postoperative complications. KW - colorectal cancer KW - geriatric KW - octogenerians KW - surgery Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312858 VL - 11 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin L. A1 - Riedmeier, Maria A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Germer, Christoph Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Wiegering, Verena T1 - Adrenalectomies in children and adolescents in Germany – a diagnose related groups based analysis from 2009-2017 JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Background Adrenalectomies are rare procedures especially in childhood. So far, no large cohort study on this topic has been published with data on to age distribution, operative procedures, hospital volume and operative outcome. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of anonymized nationwide hospital billing data (DRG data, 2009-2017). All adrenal surgeries (defined by OPS codes) of patients between the age 0 and 21 years in Germany were included. Results A total of 523 patient records were identified. The mean age was 8.6 ± 7.7 years and 262 patients were female (50.1%). The majority of patients were between 0 and 5 years old (52% overall), while 11.1% were between 6 and 11 and 38.8% older than 12 years. The most common diagnoses were malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland (56%, mostly neuroblastoma) with the majority being younger than 5 years. Benign neoplasms in the adrenal gland (D350) account for 29% of all cases with the majority of affected patients being 12 years or older. 15% were not defined regarding tumor behavior. Overall complication rate was 27% with a clear higher complication rate in resection for malignant neoplasia of the adrenal gland. Bleeding occurrence and transfusions are the main complications, followed by the necessary of relaparotomy. There was an uneven patient distribution between hospital tertiles (low volume, medium and high volume tertile). While 164 patients received surgery in 85 different “low volume” hospitals (0.2 cases per hospital per year), 205 patients received surgery in 8 different “high volume” hospitals (2.8 cases per hospital per year; p<0.001). Patients in high volume centers were significant younger, had more extended resections and more often malignant neoplasia. In multivariable analysis younger age, extended resections and open procedures were independent predictors for occurrence of postoperative complications. Conclusion Overall complication rate of adrenalectomies in the pediatric population in Germany is low, demonstrating good therapeutic quality. Our analysis revealed a very uneven distribution of patient volume among hospitals. KW - pediatric KW - neuroblastoma – diagnosis KW - therapy KW - adrenocortical adenocarcinoma KW - outcome KW - volume KW - adrenalectomia Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282280 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leikam, C A1 - Hufnagel, AL A1 - Otto, C A1 - Murphy, DJ A1 - Mühling, B A1 - Kneitz, S A1 - Nanda, I A1 - Schmid, M A1 - Wagner, TU A1 - Haferkamp, S A1 - Bröcker, E-B A1 - Schartl, M A1 - Meierjohann, S T1 - In vitro evidence for senescent multinucleated melanocytes as a source for tumor-initiating cells JF - Cell Death and Disease N2 - Oncogenic signaling in melanocytes results in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a stable cell-cycle arrest frequently characterized by a bi-or multinuclear phenotype that is considered as a barrier to cancer progression. However, the long-sustained conviction that senescence is a truly irreversible process has recently been challenged. Still, it is not known whether cells driven into OIS can progress to cancer and thereby pose a potential threat. Here, we show that prolonged expression of the melanoma oncogene N-RAS\(^{61K}\) in pigment cells overcomes OIS by triggering the emergence of tumor-initiating mononucleated stem-like cells from senescent cells. This progeny is dedifferentiated, highly proliferative, anoikis-resistant and induces fast growing, metastatic tumors. Our data describe that differentiated cells, which are driven into senescence by an oncogene, use this senescence state as trigger for tumor transformation, giving rise to highly aggressive tumor-initiating cells. These observations provide the first experimental in vitro evidence for the evasion of OIS on the cellular level and ensuing transformation. KW - reactive oxygen KW - human melanoma KW - MITF KW - cancer KW - skin KW - DNA damage KW - kappa-B KW - oncogene-induced senescence KW - cellular senescence Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148718 VL - 6 IS - e1711 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Acar, Laura A1 - Wagner, Johanna C. A1 - Baum, Philip A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - L’hoest, Helmut A1 - Marschall, Ursula A1 - Lock, Johan Friso A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Cancer diagnosis is one quarter lower than the expected cancer incidence in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A retrospective register-based cohort study JF - Cancer Communications N2 - No abstract available. KW - cancer diagnosis KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312862 VL - 42 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radeva, Mariya Y. A1 - Walter, Elias A1 - Stach, Ramona Alexandra A1 - Yazdi, Amir S. A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Sarig, Ofer A1 - Sprecher, Eli A1 - Waschke, Jens T1 - ST18 Enhances PV-IgG-Induced Loss of Keratinocyte Cohesion in Parallel to Increased ERK Activation JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease targeting the desmosomal proteins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3. Recently, a genetic variant of the Suppression of tumorigenicity 18 (ST18) promoter was reported to cause ST18 up-regulation, associated with pemphigus vulgaris (PV)-IgG-mediated increase in cytokine secretion and more prominent loss of keratinocyte cohesion. Here we tested the effects of PV-IgG and the pathogenic pemphigus mouse anti-Dsg3 antibody AK23 on cytokine secretion and ERK activity in human keratinocytes dependent on ST18 expression. Without ST18 overexpression, both PV-IgG and AK23 induced loss of keratinocyte cohesion which was accompanied by prominent fragmentation of Dsg3 immunostaining along cell borders. In contrast, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 alpha, IL-6, TNF alpha, and IFN-gamma was not altered significantly in both HaCaT and primary NHEK cells. These experiments indicate that cytokine expression is not strictly required for loss of keratinocyte cohesion. Upon ST18 overexpression, fragmentation of cell monolayers increased significantly in response to autoantibody incubation. Furthermore, production of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 was enhanced in some experiments but not in others whereas release of TNF-alpha dropped significantly upon PV-IgG application in both EV- and ST18-transfected HaCaT cells. Additionally, in NHEK, application of PV-IgG but not of AK23 significantly increased ERK activity. In contrast, ST18 overexpression in HaCaT cells augmented ERK activation in response to both c-IgG and AK23 but not PV-IgG. Because inhibition of ERK by U0126 abolished PV-IgG- and AK23-induced loss of cell cohesion in ST18-expressing cells, we conclude that autoantibody-induced ERK activation was relevant in this scenario. In summary, similar to the situation in PV patients carrying ST18 polymorphism, overexpression of ST18 enhanced keratinocyte susceptibility to autoantibody-induced loss of cell adhesion, which may be caused in part by enhanced ERK signaling. KW - pemphigus KW - desmosome KW - desmoglein KW - ST18 KW - ERK KW - cytokines Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224910 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich A1 - Heckel, Tobias A1 - Bischler, Thorsten A1 - Hasinger, Julia A1 - Königsrainer, Malina A1 - Schmitt-Böhrer, Angelika A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Hankir, Mohammed Khair T1 - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and caloric restriction but not gut hormone-based treatments profoundly impact the hypothalamic transcriptome in obese rats JF - Nutrients N2 - Background: The hypothalamus is an important brain region for the regulation of energy balance. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and gut hormone-based treatments are known to reduce body weight, but their effects on hypothalamic gene expression and signaling pathways are poorly studied. Methods: Diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were randomized into the following groups: RYGB, sham operation, sham + body weight-matched (BWM) to the RYGB group, osmotic minipump delivering PYY3-36 (0.1 mg/kg/day), liraglutide s.c. (0.4 mg/kg/day), PYY3-36 + liraglutide, and saline. All groups (except BWM) were kept on a free choice of high- and low-fat diets. Four weeks after interventions, hypothalami were collected for RNA sequencing. Results: While rats in the RYGB, BWM, and PYY3-36 + liraglutide groups had comparable reductions in body weight, only RYGB and BWM treatment had a major impact on hypothalamic gene expression. In these groups, hypothalamic leptin receptor expression as well as the JAK–STAT, PI3K-Akt, and AMPK signaling pathways were upregulated. No significant changes could be detected in PYY3-36 + liraglutide-, liraglutide-, and PYY-treated groups. Conclusions: Despite causing similar body weight changes compared to RYGB and BWM, PYY3-36 + liraglutide treatment does not impact hypothalamic gene expression. Whether this striking difference is favorable or unfavorable to metabolic health in the long term requires further investigation. KW - obesity KW - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery KW - liraglutide KW - PYY3-36 KW - hypothalamic gene expression Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252392 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 14 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bergauer, Lisa T1 - Die Bedeutung des neurotrophen Faktors Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) für die Integrität der intestinalen Epithelbarriere T1 - The importance of Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Effekte des neurotrophen Faktors GDNF auf die Struktur und Funktion der intestinalen Epithelbarriere untersucht. Zellkulturen mit Caco2 beziehungsweise HT29B6 dienten als Modellsysteme für die Epithelschicht der Darmschleimhaut. Transwellsassays und TER-Messungen mittels ECIS-Gerät fungierten als zentrale Untersuchungsmethoden zur Evaluation der funktionellen Barriereeigenschaft der Zellmonolayer. Die morphologischen und quantitativen Veränderungen von Zelljunktionsproteinen wurden mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenzfärbungen beziehungsweise Western Blot-Untersuchungen dargestellt. Um Migration- und Proliferationsverhalten nach Verletzung des Zellmonolayers zu untersuchen, führten wir in vitro-Scratch-Assays durch. Zunächst wurde bestätigt, dass intestinale Epithelzellen die GDNF-Rezeptoren GFRα1, GFRα2 und RET exprimieren. Es zeigte sich sowohl in Immunfärbungen gegen Junktionsproteine als auch in Permeabilitätsmessungen, dass GDNF zu einer verstärkten Differenzierung der intestinalen Epithelbarriere führt. In Inhibitions- und Aktivierungsexperimenten mit verschiedenen Mediatoren wurde als zugrunde liegender Mechanismus die Inaktiverung der p38 MAPK durch GDNF identifiziert. Weiterhin zeigten Versuche mit epithelialen Wundheilungsassays, dass GDNF, über eine cAMP/PKA-abhängige Induktion der Proliferation, zu einer Verbesserung der Wundheilung führt. In Immunfärbungen und Western Blot-Analysen wurde beobachtet, dass auch intestinale Epithelzelllinien in der Lage sind GDNF zu synthetisieren. Zusammenfassend konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals gezeigt werden, dass der neurotrophe Faktor GDNF direkt auf die Differenzierung und Proliferation von kultivierten Enterozyten Einfluss nehmen kann. Die Tatsache, dass intestinale Epithelzellen selbst GDNF synthetisieren und sezernieren können, weist auf einen neuen autokrinen- oder parakrinen Wirkmechanismus des neurotrophen Faktors hin. N2 - Recent data suggest that neurotrophic factors that derive from the enteric nervous system are involved in intestinal epithelial barrier regulation. In this context the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was shown to affect gut barrier properties in vivo directly or indirectly by largely undefined processes in a model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we further investigated the potential role and mechanisms of GDNF in the regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier functions. In Western blot analyses of serum-starved intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco2 and HT29B6 significant amounts of GDNF were detected suggesting that enterocytes may represent an additional source of GDNF secretion. Application of recombinant GDNF on Caco2 monolayers for 24h resulted in significant epithelial barrier stabilisation in Caco2 and HT29B6 monolayers with immature barrier functions. Wound healing assays in cell monolayers showed a significantly faster closure of the wounded areas after GDNF application. GDNF augmented cAMP levels and led to significant inactivation of p38MAPK in immature epithelial cells. While inactivation of p38MAPK signalling by SB202190 mimicked GDNF-induced barrier maturation, coincubation of GDNF with p38MAPK activator anisomycin blocked GDNF effects. Increasing cAMP levels by forskolin and rolipram had adverse effects on barrier maturation as revealed by permeability measurements. However, increased cAMP augmented the proliferation rate in Caco2 cells and GDNF-induced proliferation of epithelial cells was abrogated by PKA-inhibitor H89. In summary, our data show that enterocytes represent an additional source of GDNF synthesis. GDNF contributes to wound healing in a cAMP/PKA-dependent manner and promotes barrier maturation in immature enterocytes cells by inactivation of p38MAPK signalling. KW - Epithel KW - Epithelgewebe KW - epithelial KW - Darmchirurgie KW - GDNF KW - Intestinale Epithelbarriere KW - Glia KW - Stabilität Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155259 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wennmann, Andreas T1 - Retrospektiver Vergleich der präoperativen Lokalisationsdiagnostik mit der intraoperativen Detektion von Nebenschilddrüsen-Adenomen sowie dem perioperativen Verlauf bei Patienten/Patientinnen mit primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus T1 - Retrospective comparison of preoperative localization diagnostics with intraoperative detection of parythyroid adenomas as well as perioperative course in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism N2 - Die Exstirpation erkrankter Nebenschilddrüsen (NSD) ist die einzige kurative Therapie des primären Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT). Die präoperative Detektion der dem pHPT zugrunde liegenden NSD-Adenome durch eine adäquate Lokalisationsdiagnostik stellt eine wichtige Säule bei der Operationsplanung dar. Angesichts der umfangreichen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten ist noch nicht abschließend beantwortet, wie viel und welche Diagnostik mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit zur erfolgreichen Lokalisation von NSD-Adenomen führt und ob/wie diese den perioperativen Verlauf beeinflusst. Die Beantwortung dieser Fragen war das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Arbeit. Es handelt sich um eine monozentrische, retrospektive Datenanalyse anhand des Kollektivs des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg (UKW) der Jahre 2005 bis 2017. Nach Datenextraktion aller Patienten/Patientinnen mit Hyperparathyreoidismus aus dem Dokumentationssystem des UKW erfolgten die deskriptiven und statistischen Auswertungen mittels Excel und SPSS. Insgesamt wurden im untersuchten Zeitraum 467 Patienten/Patientinnen aufgrund eines pHPT operiert. NSD-Sono und NSD-Szinti waren die am häufigsten durchgeführten Lokalisationsdiagnostika mit Sensitivitäten von 61,5 % bzw. 66,3 % für die Seite. Bei der Etagen-Blutentnahme lag die Sensitivität bei 100 %; bei der MRT bei 47,4 % und bei der 11Kohlenstoff-Methionin-Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie (11C-Methionin-PET/CT) bei 58,8 %. Durch zusätzliche Diagnostik konnte nicht grundsätzlich eine Erhöhung der Treffsicherheit erreicht werden. Die Analyse der perioperativen Parameter zeigte, dass das Alter der Operierten positiv mit der Operationsdauer, der Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer und dem Auftreten postoperativer Hypocalcämien korrelierte. Die Einnahme eines Thrombozytenaggregationshemmers führte zu einer verlängerten Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer. Die therapeutische Antikoagulation war ein Risikofaktor in Bezug auf längere OP-Dauern und das Auftreten von Nachblutungen. Eine zusätzlich zur Parathyreoidektomie durchgeführte Sanierung der Schilddrüse war mit einer erhöhten Rate an postoperativen Hypocalcämien vergesellschaftet. Zusammenfassend zeigen die vorliegenden Daten, dass nach initial vermeintlich erfolgreicher Detektion eines NSD-Adenoms mit NSD-Sono oder NSD-Szinti eine weiterführende Lokalisationsdiagnostik nicht sinnvoll ist. Nach initial erfolgloser NSD-Sono oder NSD-Szinti dagegen ist die Durchführung einer 11C-Methionin-PET/CT zu erwägen. N2 - Extirpation of diseased parathyroid glands is the only curative therapy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas underlying pHPT by appropriate localization diagnostics is important for planning surgery. Considering extensive diagnostic possibilities, it is not completely clear yet how much and which diagnostics with high probability will detect parathyroid adenomas correctly and if/how it influences perioperative course. Answering these questions was main aim of the present work. It is a monocentric, retrospective data analysis of the collective of Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (UKW) from 2005 - 2017. After data extraction of all patients with hyperparathyroidism out of documentation system of UKW, descriptive and statistic evaluations were made by Excel and SPSS. All in all, 467 patients underwent surgery for pHPT during the investigated timespace. Parathyroid-ultrasound and parathyroid-scintigraphy were the localization techniques used most frequently with sensitivities of 61,5 % and 66,3 % respectively for correct localization of the side. Sensitivity of selective venous sampling was 100 %, of MRI was 47,4 % and of 11carbon methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (11C methionine PET/CT) was 58,8 %. Using additional diagnostics, the detection rate could not necessarily be increased. Analysis of perioperative parameters showed that age was positively correlated with duration of surgery, length of stay at the hospital and postoperative hypocalcaemias. Inhibitors of platelet aggregation led to longer duration of hospitalisation stay. Therapeutic anticoagulation was risk factor for longer duration of surgery and appearance of postoperative bleedings. Additional to parathyroid gland performed thyroid surgery was associated with postoperative hypocalcaemias. In summary the present data show that after supposedly successful parathyroid ultrasound or parathyroid scintigraphy, no further localization diagnostics is indicated. After initially unsuccessful parathyroid ultrasound or parathyroid scintigraphy however, 11C methionine PET/CT should be considered. KW - Primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus KW - Epithelkörperchen KW - Lokalisation KW - Operation KW - Verlauf KW - primary hyperparathyroidism KW - parathyroid glands KW - localization KW - surgery KW - course Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249895 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riedmeier, Maria A1 - Decarolis, Boris A1 - Haubitz, Imme A1 - Müller, Sophie A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin A1 - Börner, Kevin A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Härtel, Christoph A1 - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Wiegering, Verena T1 - Adrenocortical carcinoma in childhood: a systematic review JF - Cancers N2 - Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children. This systematic review summarizes the published evidence on pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease, investigate new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and define which patients may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach. We included 137 studies with 3680 ACC patients (~65% female) in our analysis. We found no randomized controlled trials, so this review mainly reflects retrospective data. Due to a specific mutation in the TP53 gene in ~80% of Brazilian patients, that cohort was analyzed separately from series from other countries. Hormone analysis was described in 2569 of the 2874 patients (89%). Most patients were diagnosed with localized disease, whereas 23% had metastasis at primary diagnosis. Only 72% of the patients achieved complete resection. In 334 children (23%), recurrent disease was reported: 81% — local recurrence, 19% (n = 65) — distant metastases at relapse. Patients < 4 years old had a different distribution of tumor stages and hormone activity and better overall survival (p < 0.001). Although therapeutic approaches are typically multimodal, no consensus is available on effective standard treatments for advanced ACC. Thus, knowledge regarding pediatric ACC is still scarce and international prospective studies are needed to implement standardized clinical stratifications and risk-adapted therapeutic strategies. KW - pediatric adrenocortical cancer KW - pediatric adrenocortical adenoma KW - pediatric adrenocortical tumor KW - prognostic factors KW - therapy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248507 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 13 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Maria A1 - Opitz, Anne A1 - Filser, Jörg A1 - Jansen, Hendrik A1 - Meffert, Rainer H. A1 - Germer, Christoph T. A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Muellenbach, Ralf M. A1 - Kredel, Markus T1 - Perioperative redistribution of regional ventilation and pulmonary function: a prospective observational study in two cohorts of patients at risk for postoperative pulmonary complications JF - BMC Anesthesiology N2 - Background Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase morbidity and mortality of surgical patients, duration of hospital stay and costs. Postoperative atelectasis of dorsal lung regions as a common PPC has been described before, but its clinical relevance is insufficiently examined. Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT) enables the bedside visualization of regional ventilation in real-time within a transversal section of the lung. Dorsal atelectasis or effusions might cause a ventral redistribution of ventilation. We hypothesized the existence of ventral redistribution in spontaneously breathing patients during their recovery from abdominal and peripheral surgery and that vital capacity is reduced if regional ventilation shifts to ventral lung regions. Methods This prospective observational study included 69 adult patients undergoing elective surgery with an expected intermediate or high risk for PPCs. Patients undergoing abdominal and peripheral surgery were recruited to obtain groups of equal size. Patients received general anesthesia with and without additional regional anesthesia. On the preoperative, the first and the third postoperative day, EIT was performed at rest and during spirometry (forced breathing). The center of ventilation in dorso-ventral direction (COVy) was calculated. Results Both groups received intraoperative low tidal volume ventilation. Postoperative ventral redistribution of ventilation (forced breathing COVy; preoperative: 16.5 (16.0–17.3); first day: 17.8 (16.9–18.2), p < 0.004; third day: 17.4 (16.2–18.2), p = 0.020) and decreased forced vital capacity in percentage of predicted values (FVC%predicted) (median: 93, 58, 64%, respectively) persisted after abdominal surgery. In addition, dorsal to ventral shift was associated with a decrease of the FVC%predicted on the third postoperative day (r = − 0.66; p < 0.001). A redistribution of pulmonary ventilation was not observed after peripheral surgery. FVC%predicted was only decreased on the first postoperative day (median FVC%predicted on the preoperative, first and third day: 85, 81 and 88%, respectively). In ten patients occurred pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery also in two patients after peripheral surgery. Conclusions After abdominal surgery ventral redistribution of ventilation persisted up to the third postoperative day and was associated with decreased vital capacity. The peripheral surgery group showed only minor changes in vital capacity, suggesting a role of the location of surgery for postoperative redistribution of pulmonary ventilation. KW - Electrical impedance tomography KW - General anaesthesia KW - Postoperative complications KW - Pulmonary function tests Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200730 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gilbert, F. A1 - Schneemann, C. A1 - Scholz, C. J. A1 - Kickuth, R. A1 - Meffert, R. H. A1 - Wildenauer, R. A1 - Lorenz, U. A1 - Kellersmann, R. A1 - Busch, A. T1 - Clinical implications of fracture-associated vascular damage in extremity and pelvic trauma JF - BMC Muscuskeletal Disorders N2 - Background: Vascular damage in polytrauma patients is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, specific clinical implications of vascular damage with fractures in major trauma patients are reassessed. Methods: This comprehensive nine-year retrospective single center cohort study analyzed demography, laboratory, treatment and outcome data from 3689 patients, 64 patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries were identified and were compared to a control group. Results: Vascular damage occurred in 7% of patients with upper and lower limb and pelvic fractures admitted to the trauma room. Overall survival was 80% in pelvic fracture and 97% in extremity fracture patients and comparable to non-vascular trauma patients. Additional arterial damage required substantial fluid administration and was visible as significantly anemia and disturbed coagulation tests upon admission. Open procedures were done in over 80% of peripheral extremity vascular damage. Endovascular procedures were predominant (87%) in pelvic injury. Conclusion: Vascular damage is associated with high mortality rates especially in combination with pelvic fractures. Initial anemia, disturbed coagulation tests and the need for extensive pre-clinical fluid substitution were observed in the cohort with vascular damage. Therefore, fast diagnosis and early interventional and surgical procedures are necessary to optimize patient-specific outcome. KW - endovascular repair KW - extremity trauma KW - fracture-associated vascular damage KW - level of evidence: IV KW - surgical trauma room KW - pelvic trauma Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176252 VL - 19 IS - 404 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Johanna A1 - Eiken, Barbara A1 - Haubitz, Imme A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Löb, Stefan A1 - Klein, Ingo A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Suprapubic bladder drainage and epidural catheters following abdominal surgery—a risk for urinary tract infections? JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Epidural catheters are state of the art for postoperative analgesic in abdominal surgery. Due to neurolysis it can lead to postoperative urinary tract retention (POUR), which leads to prolonged bladder catheterization, which has an increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTI). Our aim was to identify the current perioperative management of urinary catheters and, second, to identify the optimal time of suprapubic bladder catheter removal in regard to the removal of the epidural catheter. Methods We sent a questionnaire to 102 German hospitals and analyzed the 83 received answers to evaluate the current handling of bladder drainage and epidural catheters. Then, we conducted a retrospective study including 501 patients, who received an epidural and suprapubic catheter after abdominal surgery at the University Hospital Würzburg. We divided the patients into three groups according to the point in time of suprapubic bladder drainage removal in regard to the removal of the epidural catheter and analyzed the onset of a UTI. Results Our survey showed that in almost all hospitals (98.8%), patients received an epidural catheter and a bladder drainage after abdominal surgery. The point in time of urinary catheter removal was equally distributed between before, simultaneously and after the removal of the epidural catheter (respectively: ~28–29%). The retrospective study showed a catheter-associated UTI in 6.7%. Women were affected significantly more often than men (10,7% versus 2,5%, p<0.001). There was a non-significant trend to more UTIs when the suprapubic catheter was removed after the epidural catheter (before: 5.7%, after: 8.4%). Conclusion The point in time of suprapubic bladder drainage removal in relation to the removal of the epidural catheter does not seem to correlate with the rate of UTIs. The current handling in Germany is inhomogeneous, so further studies to standardize treatment are recommended. KW - catheters KW - epidural block KW - bladder KW - urinary tract infections KW - abdominal surgery KW - catheterization KW - surgical and invasive medical procedures KW - rectum Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177731 VL - 14 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartmann, Catharina A1 - Janaki Raman, Sudha R. A1 - Flöter, Jessica A1 - Schulze, Almut A1 - Bahlke, Katrin A1 - Willingstorfer, Jana A1 - Strunz, Maria A1 - Wöckel, Achim A1 - Klement, Rainer J. A1 - Kapp, Michaela A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Kämmerer, Ulrike T1 - Beta-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) can influence the energetic phenotype of breast cancer cells, but does not impact their proliferation and the response to chemotherapy or radiation JF - Cancer & Metabolism N2 - Background: Ketogenic diets (KDs) or short-term fasting are popular trends amongst supportive approaches for cancer patients. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) is the main physiological ketone body, whose concentration can reach plasma levels of 2–6 mM during KDs or fasting. The impact of 3-OHB on the biology of tumor cells described so far is contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a physiological concentration of 3 mM 3-OHB on metabolism, proliferation, and viability of breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro. Methods: Seven different human BC cell lines (BT20, BT474, HBL100, MCF-7, MDA-MB 231, MDA-MB 468, and T47D) were cultured in medium with 5 mM glucose in the presence of 3 mM 3-OHB at mild hypoxia (5% oxygen) or normoxia (21% oxygen). Metabolic profiling was performed by quantification of the turnover of glucose, lactate, and 3-OHB and by Seahorse metabolic flux analysis. Expression of key enzymes of ketolysis as well as the main monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT2 and the glucose-transporter GLUT1 was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The effect of 3-OHB on short- and long-term cell proliferation as well as chemo- and radiosensitivity were also analyzed. Results: 3-OHB significantly changed the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in BT20 cells resulting in a more oxidative energetic phenotype. MCF-7 and MDA-MB 468 cells had increased ECAR only in response to 3-OHB, while the other three cell types remained uninfluenced. All cells expressed MCT2 and GLUT1, thus being able to uptake the metabolites. The consumption of 3-OHB was not strongly linked to mRNA overexpression of key enzymes of ketolysis and did not correlate with lactate production and glucose consumption. Neither 3-OHB nor acetoacetate did interfere with proliferation. Further, 3-OHB incubation did not modify the response of the tested BC cell lines to chemotherapy or radiation. Conclusions: We found that a physiological level of 3-OHB can change the energetic profile of some BC cell lines. However, 3-OHB failed to influence different biologic processes in these cells, e.g., cell proliferation and the response to common breast cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, we have no evidence that 3-OHB generally influences the biology of breast cancer cells in vitro. KW - ketogenic diet KW - β-Hydroxybutyrate KW - ketone bodies KW - breast cancer KW - seahorse KW - metabolic profile KW - chemotherapy KW - ionizing radiation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175607 VL - 6 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burkard, Natalie A1 - Meir, Michael A1 - Kannapin, Felix A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Petzke, Maximilian A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Waschke, Jens A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Desmoglein2 Regulates Claudin2 Expression by Sequestering PI-3-Kinase in Intestinal Epithelial Cells JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Inflammation-induced reduction of intestinal desmosomal cadherin Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) is linked to changes of tight junctions (TJ) leading to impaired intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) function by undefined mechanisms. We characterized the interplay between loss of Dsg2 and upregulation of pore-forming TJ protein Claudin2. Intraperitoneal application of Dsg2-stablising Tandem peptide (TP) attenuated impaired IEB function, reduction of Dsg2 and increased Claudin2 in DSS-induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice. TP blocked loss of Dsg2-mediated adhesion and upregulation of Claudin2 in Caco2 cells challenged with TNFα. In Dsg2-deficient Caco2 cells basal expression of Claudin2 was increased which was paralleled by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and by augmented phosphorylation of AKT\(^{Ser473}\) under basal conditions. Inhibition of phosphoinositid-3-kinase proved that PI-3-kinase/AKT-signaling is critical to upregulate Claudin2. In immunostaining PI-3-kinase dissociated from Dsg2 under inflammatory conditions. Immunoprecipitations and proximity ligation assays confirmed a direct interaction of Dsg2 and PI-3-kinase which was abrogated following TNFα application. In summary, Dsg2 regulates Claudin2 expression by sequestering PI-3-kinase to the cell borders in intestinal epithelium. KW - Claudin2 KW - Dsg2 KW - inflammation KW - intestinal barrier KW - PI-3-kinase KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - desmosome KW - tight junction Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247059 SN - 1664-3224 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, J. A1 - Wagner, J. A1 - Baum, P. A1 - Lichthardt, S. A1 - Kastner, C. A1 - Matthes, N. A1 - Matthes, H. A1 - Germer, C.‐T. A1 - Löb, S. A1 - Wiegering, A. T1 - Nationwide in‐hospital mortality rate following rectal resection for rectal cancer according to annual hospital volume in Germany JF - BJS Open N2 - Background The impact of hospital volume after rectal cancer surgery is seldom investigated. This study aimed to analyse the impact of annual rectal cancer surgery cases per hospital on postoperative mortality and failure to rescue. Methods All patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and who had a rectal resection procedure code from 2012 to 2015 were identified from nationwide administrative hospital data. Hospitals were grouped into five quintiles according to caseload. The absolute number of patients, postoperative deaths and failure to rescue (defined as in‐hospital mortality after a documented postoperative complication) for severe postoperative complications were determined. Results Some 64 349 patients were identified. The overall in‐house mortality rate was 3·9 per cent. The crude in‐hospital mortality rate ranged from 5·3 per cent in very low‐volume hospitals to 2·6 per cent in very high‐volume centres, with a distinct trend between volume categories (P < 0·001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis using hospital volume as random effect, very high‐volume hospitals (53 interventions/year) had a risk‐adjusted odds ratio of 0·58 (95 per cent c.i. 0·47 to 0·73), compared with the baseline in‐house mortality rate in very low‐volume hospitals (6 interventions per year) (P < 0·001). The overall postoperative complication rate was comparable between different volume quintiles, but failure to rescue decreased significantly with increasing caseload (15·6 per cent after pulmonary embolism in the highest volume quintile versus 38 per cent in the lowest quintile; P = 0·010). Conclusion Patients who had rectal cancer surgery in high‐volume hospitals showed better outcomes and reduced failure to rescue rates for severe complications than those treated in low‐volume hospitals. KW - rectal resection KW - rectal cancer KW - mortality rate Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212878 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 310 EP - 319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaitseva, Olena A1 - Hoffmann, Annett A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Wajant, Harald T1 - Targeting fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) for tumor therapy JF - Frontiers in Pharmacology N2 - Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and is activated by its ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). The latter occurs as a homotrimeric molecule in a soluble and a membrane-bound form. Soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) activates the weakly inflammatory alternative NF-κB pathway and sensitizes for TNF-induced cell death while membrane TWEAK (memTWEAK) triggers additionally robust activation of the classical NF-κB pathway and various MAP kinase cascades. Fn14 expression is limited in adult organisms but becomes strongly induced in non-hematopoietic cells by a variety of growth factors, cytokines and physical stressors (e.g., hypoxia, irradiation). Since all these Fn14-inducing factors are frequently also present in the tumor microenvironment, Fn14 is regularly found to be expressed by non-hematopoietic cells of the tumor microenvironment and most solid tumor cells. In general, there are three possibilities how the tumor-Fn14 linkage could be taken into consideration for tumor therapy. First, by exploitation of the cancer associated expression of Fn14 to direct cytotoxic activities (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), cytotoxic payloads, CAR T-cells) to the tumor, second by blockade of potential protumoral activities of the TWEAK/Fn14 system, and third, by stimulation of Fn14 which not only triggers proinflammtory activities but also sensitizes cells for apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. Based on a brief description of the biology of the TWEAK/Fn14 system and Fn14 signaling, we discuss the features of the most relevant Fn14-targeting biologicals and review the preclinical data obtained with these reagents. In particular, we address problems and limitations which became evident in the preclinical studies with Fn14-targeting biologicals and debate possibilities how they could be overcome. KW - agonistic antibodies KW - cell death KW - Fn14 KW - NFκB KW - TNF KW - TWEAK Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290238 SN - 1663-9812 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Stefanie A1 - Denk, Sarah A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Targeting protein synthesis in colorectal cancer JF - Cancers N2 - Under physiological conditions, protein synthesis controls cell growth and survival and is strictly regulated. Deregulation of protein synthesis is a frequent event in cancer. The majority of mutations found in colorectal cancer (CRC), including alterations in the WNT pathway as well as activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT and, subsequently, mTOR signaling, lead to deregulation of the translational machinery. Besides mutations in upstream signaling pathways, deregulation of global protein synthesis occurs through additional mechanisms including altered expression or activity of initiation and elongation factors (e.g., eIF4F, eIF2α/eIF2B, eEF2) as well as upregulation of components involved in ribosome biogenesis and factors that control the adaptation of translation in response to stress (e.g., GCN2). Therefore, influencing mechanisms that control mRNA translation may open a therapeutic window for CRC. Over the last decade, several potential therapeutic strategies targeting these alterations have been investigated and have shown promising results in cell lines, intestinal organoids, and mouse models. Despite these encouraging in vitro results, patients have not clinically benefited from those advances so far. In this review, we outline the mechanisms that lead to deregulated mRNA translation in CRC and highlight recent progress that has been made in developing therapeutic strategies that target these mechanisms for tumor therapy. KW - colorectal cancer KW - protein synthesis KW - translation initiation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206014 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 12 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Schellinger, Isabel N. A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Arora, Tulika T1 - Leaky gut as a potential culprit for the paradoxical dysglycemic response to gastric bypass-associated ileal microbiota JF - Metabolites N2 - Altered host-intestinal microbiota interactions are increasingly implicated in the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We previously found, however, that RYGB-associated ileal microbiota can paradoxically impair host glycemic control when transferred to germ-free mice. Here we present complementary evidence suggesting that this could be due to the heightened development of systemic endotoxemia. Consistently, application of ileal content from RYGB-treated compared with sham-operated rats onto Caco-2 cell monolayers compromised barrier function and decreased expression of the barrier-stabilizing proteins claudin-4 and desmoglein-2. Our findings raise the possibility that RYGB-associated ileal microbiota produce and release soluble metabolites which locally increase intestinal permeability to promote systemic endotoxemia-induced insulin resistance, with potential implications for the treatment of RYGB patients who eventually relapse onto type 2 diabetes. KW - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery KW - intestinal microbiota KW - intestinal epithelial barrier KW - systemic endotoxemia KW - type 2 diabetes Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234085 SN - 2218-1989 VL - 11 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kredel, Markus A1 - Kunzmann, Steffen A1 - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt A1 - Wölfl, Matthias A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Bühler, Christoph A1 - Lotz, Christopher A1 - Lepper, Philipp M. A1 - Wirbelauer, Johannes A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Muellenbach, Ralf M. T1 - Double Peripheral Venous and Arterial Cannulation for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Combined Septic and Cardiogenic Shock JF - American Journal of Case Reports N2 - Background: The use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO) via peripheral cannulation for septic shock is limited by blood flow and increased afterload for the left ventricle. Case Report: A 15-year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia, suffering from severe septic and cardiogenic shock, was treated by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO). Sufficient extracorporeal blood flow matching the required oxygen demand could only be achieved by peripheral cannulation of both femoral arteries. Venous drainage was performed with a bicaval cannula inserted via the left V. femoralis. To accomplish left ventricular unloading, an additional drainage cannula was placed in the left atrium via percutaneous atrioseptostomy (va-va-ECMO). Cardiac function recovered and the girl was weaned from the ECMO on day 6. Successful allogenic stem cell transplantation took place 2 months later. Conclusions: In patients with vasoplegic septic shock and impaired cardiac contractility, double peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-va-ECMO) with transseptal left atrial venting can by a lifesaving option. KW - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation KW - myeloid KW - leukemia KW - acute KW - shock KW - cardiogenic KW - septic Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158193 VL - 18 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zeeb, Luisa T1 - Bedeutung der Expression von MMP-1 und MMP-13 beim Barrett assoziierten Adenokarzinom T1 - The role of MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression in Barrett associated adenocarcinoma N2 - Es wird vermutet, dass das ösophageale Adenokarzinom (EAC) durch gastroosophagealen Reflux auf dem Boden des Barrett-Ösophagus (BE) entsteht. Bei der Tumorprogression könnten Matrix-Metalloproteasen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Expression von MMP-1 und MMP-13 wurde im Ösophaguskarziom (n=41 EAC mit BE, n=19 EAC ohne BE, n=10 Plattenepithelkarzinom, ESCC) sowie im nicht-dysplastischen BE (n=18) untersucht. Die Koexpression von MMP-1 und Cdx-2 (intestinale Metaplasie) und die Koexpression von MMP-1 und Ki-67 (Proliferation) wurde mittels Immunhistochemie und auf mRNA-Ebene untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurde mit klinisch-pathologischen Eigenschaften korreliert. Im gesunden Plattenepithel wurde weder MMP-1 noch MMP-13 exprimiert. In allen EAC ohne BE wurde MMP-1 exprimiert (100%). Im EAC mit BE, war in 95% MMP-1 im EAC nachweisbar. Die Expression von MMP-1 im BE ohne IN lag bei 56%. Das ESCC exprimierte in 60% MMP-1. Bei der quantitativen Analyse zeigten sich 48% MMP-1 positive Zellen im EAC mit BE und 35% im angrenzendem BE (p<0,05). Mit 44% MMP-1 positiver Zellen im EAC ohne BE, lag die Expression signifikant über der im BE mit EAC (p<0,05). Im ESCC (32% MMP-1 positiv) lag eine im Vergleich zu allen EACs signifikant geringere Expression vor. Im BE ohne IN waren 4% der Zellen MMP-1 positiv. Die RT-PCR bestätigte die Ergebnisse der IHC auf mRNA-Ebene. Eine Präparate waren negativ für MMP-13. Die Untersuchung der Koexpression von MMP-1 in Ki-67 positiven Zellen zeigte eine starke direkte Korrelation (r=0,943 für BE und r= 0,811 für EAC). Eine hohe MMP-1 Expression war mit einem positiven Lymphknotenstatus assoziiert aber nicht mit einem schlechterem Überleben (p=0,307). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass MMP-1 eine wichtige Rolle bei der Invasion und Metastasierung des Barrett assoziierten EAC spielen könnte. Die Assoziation eines positiven Lymphknotenstatus mit hoher MMP-1-Expression spricht dafür, dass MMP-1 ein wichtiger Faktor bei der malignen Progression sein könnte. N2 - Background: Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) arise due to gastroesophageal reflux, with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) regarded as precancerous lesion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) might play a role during the multistep carcinogenetic process. Methods: Expression of MMP-1 and -13 was analyzed in esophageal cancer (n = 41 EAC with BE, n = 19 EAC without BE, and n = 10 esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas, ESCC), furthermore in BE without intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) (n = 18), and the cell line OE-33. MMP-1 was co-labelled with Ki-67 (proliferation), Cdx-2 (marker for intestinal metaplasia, BE) and analyzed on mRNA level. MMP-1 staining results were correlated with clinicopatholocical parameters. Results: On protein level, MMP-1 expression was found in 39 of 41 (95%) EAC with BE, in 19 of 19 (100%) EAC without BE, in 6 of 10 (60%) ESCC, and in 10 of 18 (56%) BE without IN. No expression of MMP-13 was found in these specimens. Quantification showed 48% MMP-1 positive cells in EAC with BE, compared to 35% in adjacent BE (p < 0.05), 44% in EAC without BE, 32% in ESCC, and 4% in BE without IN. Immunofluorescence double staining experiments revealed increased MMP-1 expressing in proliferating cells (MMP-1+/Ki-67+) (r = 0.943 for BE and r = 0.811 for EAC). On mRNA-level, expression of MMP-1 was significantly higher in EAC compared to BE (p = 0.01) and confirmed immunohistochemical staining results. High MMP-1 levels were associated with lymph node metastases but not with poorer survival (p = 0.307). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MMP-1 plays a role as preinvasive factor in BE-associated EAC. Expression of MMP-1 in proliferating BE and EAC cells suggest malignant proliferation following the clonal expansion model. MMP-13 seems to play no important role in the multistep carcinogenetic process. KW - Adenocarcinom KW - Speiseröhrenkrebs KW - Metalloproteinasen KW - Barrettösophagus Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278723 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Büntemeyer, Tjark-Ole A1 - Megerle, Felix A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Spitzweg, Christine A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Nawroth, Peter A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Steger, Ulrich T1 - Outcome after resection of Adrenocortical Carcinoma liver metastases: a retrospective study JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor 5-year-survival rate (<15%). A surgical approach is recommended in selected patients if complete resection of distant metastasis can be achieved. To date there are only limited data on the outcome after surgical resection of hepatic metastases of ACC. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the German Adrenocortical Carcinoma Registry was conducted. Patients with liver metastases of ACC but without extrahepatic metastases or incomplete tumour resection were included. Results: Seventy-seven patients fulfilled these criteria. Forty-three patients underwent resection of liver metastases of ACC. Complete tumour resection (R0) could be achieved in 30 (69.8%). Median overall survival after liver resection was 76.1 months in comparison to 10.1 months in the 34 remaining patients with unresected liver metastases (p < 0.001). However, disease free survival after liver resection was only 9.1 months. Neither resection status (R0/R1) nor extent of liver resection were significant predictive factors for overall survival. Patients with a time interval to the first metastasis/recurrence (TTFR) of greater than 12 months or solitary liver metastases showed significantly prolonged survival. Conclusions: Liver resection in the case of ACC liver metastases can achieve long term survival with a median overall survival of more than 5 years, but disease free survival is short despite metastasectomy. Time to recurrence and single versus multiple metastases are predictive factors for the outcome. KW - Adrenocortical Carcinoma KW - liver resection KW - retrospective study KW - prognosis KW - survival analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159409 VL - 17 IS - 522 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kress, Sebastian A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Burkard, Natalie A1 - Braspenning, Joris A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Nickel, Joachim A1 - Metzger, Marco T1 - Evaluation of a miniaturized biologically vascularized scaffold in vitro and in vivo JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In tissue engineering, the generation and functional maintenance of dense voluminous tissues is mainly restricted due to insufficient nutrient supply. Larger three-dimensional constructs, which exceed the nutrient diffusion limit become necrotic and/or apoptotic in long-term culture if not provided with an appropriate vascularization. Here, we established protocols for the generation of a pre-vascularized biological scaffold with intact arterio-venous capillary loops from rat intestine, which is decellularized under preservation of the feeding and draining vascular tree. Vessel integrity was proven by marker expression, media/blood reflow and endothelial LDL uptake. In vitro maintenance persisted up to 7 weeks in a bioreactor system allowing a stepwise reconstruction of fully vascularized human tissues and successful in vivo implantation for up to 4 weeks, although with time-dependent decrease of cell viability. The vascularization of the construct lead to a 1.5× increase in cellular drug release compared to a conventional static culture in vitro. For the first time, we performed proof-of-concept studies demonstrating that 3D tissues can be maintained within a miniaturized vascularized scaffold in vitro and successfully implanted after re-anastomosis to the intrinsic blood circulation in vivo. We hypothesize that this technology could serve as a powerful platform technology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. KW - biological models KW - translational research Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176343 VL - 8 IS - 4719 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallstabe, Julia A1 - Bussemer, Lydia A1 - Groeber-Becker, Florian A1 - Freund, Lukas A1 - Alb, Mirian A1 - Dragan, Mariola A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria A1 - Jakubietz, Rafael A1 - Kneitz, Hermann A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Rebhan, Silke A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Mielke, Stephan T1 - Inflammation-Induced Tissue Damage Mimicking GvHD in Human Skin Models as Test Platform for Immunotherapeutics JF - ALTEX N2 - Due to the rapidly increasing development and use of cellular products, there is a rising demand for non-animal-based test platforms to predict, study and treat undesired immunity. Here, we generated human organotypic skin models from human biopsies by isolating and expanding keratinocytes, fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells and seeding these components on a collagen matrix or a biological vascularized scaffold matrix in a bioreactor. We then were able to induce inflammation-mediated tissue damage by adding pre-stimulated, mismatched allogeneic lymphocytes and/or inflammatory cytokine-containing supernatants histomorphologically mimicking severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) of the skin. This could be prevented by the addition of immunosuppressants to the models. Consequently, these models harbor a promising potential to serve as a test platform for the prediction, prevention and treatment of GvHD. They also allow functional studies of immune effectors and suppressors including but not limited to allodepleted lymphocytes, gamma-delta T cells, regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, which would otherwise be limited to animal models. Thus, the current test platform, developed with the limitation that no professional antigen presenting cells are in place, could greatly reduce animal testing for investigation of novel immune therapies. KW - inflammation-induced tissue demage KW - immunotherapeutics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229974 VL - 37 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kippnich, Maximilian A1 - Schorscher, Nora A1 - Kredel, Markus A1 - Markus, Christian A1 - Eden, Lars A1 - Gassenmaier, Tobias A1 - Lock, Johann A1 - Wurmb, Thomas T1 - Dual‑room twin‑CT scanner in multiple trauma care: first results after implementation in a level one trauma centre JF - European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery N2 - Purpose The trauma centre of the Wuerzburg University Hospital has integrated a pioneering dual-room twin-CT scanner in a multiple trauma pathway. For concurrent treatment of two trauma patients, two carbon CT examination and intervention tables are positioned head to head with one sliding CT-Gantry in the middle. The focus of this study is the process of trauma care with the time to CT (tCT) and the time to operation (tOR) as quality indicator. Methods All patients with suspected multiple trauma, who required emergency surgery and who were initially diagnosed by the CT trauma protocol between 05/2018 and 12/2018 were included. Data relating to time spans (tCT and tOR), severity of injury and outcome was obtained. Results 110 of the 589 screened trauma patients had surgery immediately after finishing primary assessment in the ER. The ISS was 17 (9–34) (median and interquartile range, IQR). tCT was 15 (11–19) minutes (median and IQR) and tOR was 96.5 (75–119) minutes (median and IQR). In the first 30 days, seven patients died (6.4%) including two within the first 24 h (2%). There were two ICU days (1–6) (median and IQR) and one (0–1) (median and IQR) ventilator day. Conclusion The twin-CT technology is a fascinating tool to organize high-quality trauma care for two multiple trauma patients simultaneously KW - trauma centre KW - trauma management KW - resuscitation time KW - dual-room whole-body CT Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232390 SN - 1863-9933 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bachmann, Julia A1 - Ehlert, Elias A1 - Becker, Matthias A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Blunk, Torsten A1 - Bauer-Kreisel, Petra T1 - Ischemia-like stress conditions stimulate trophic activities of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells JF - Cells N2 - Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to exert regenerative functions, which are mainly attributed to the secretion of trophic factors. Upon transplantation, ASCs are facing an ischemic environment characterized by oxygen and nutrient deprivation. However, current knowledge on the secretion capacity of ASCs under such conditions is limited. Thus, the present study focused on the secretory function of ASCs under glucose and oxygen deprivation as major components of ischemia. After exposure to glucose/oxygen deprivation, ASCs maintained distinct viability, but the metabolic activity was greatly reduced by glucose limitation. ASCs were able to secrete a broad panel of factors under glucose/oxygen deprivation as revealed by a cytokine antibody array. Quantification of selected factors by ELISA demonstrated that glucose deprivation in combination with hypoxia led to markedly higher secretion levels of the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors IL-6, VEGF, and stanniocalcin-1 as compared to the hypoxic condition alone. A conditioned medium of glucose/oxygen-deprived ASCs promoted the viability and tube formation of endothelial cells, and the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that ASCs are stimulated by ischemia-like stress conditions to secrete trophic factors and would be able to exert their beneficial function in an ischemic environment. KW - adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) KW - regenerative medicine KW - secretion KW - trophic factors KW - ischemia KW - glucose starvation KW - hypoxia Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211233 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 9 IS - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Deckelmann, Jana Verena T1 - Einfluss bariatrischer Operationen auf das Geruchsempfinden morbid adipöser Patienten T1 - Influence of bariatric surgery on olfactory function of morbidly obese patients N2 - Weltweit steigt die Anzahl der morbid adipösen Menschen stetig an. Dies führt zu einer Zunahme der medizinischen und psychosozialen Komplikationen des Einzelnen und der gesundheitsökonomischen Belastung der Gesellschaft. Kosteneffektive und langfristige Therapiekonzepte sind dringend notwendig. Die bariatrische Chirurgie stellt die einzige Therapieoption der morbiden Adipositas dar, mit der eine langfristige Gewichtsreduktion und damit eine signifikante Verbesserung der adipositasassoziierten Begleiterkrankungen erreicht werden kann. Die Mechanismen der Gewichtsabnahme im Rahmen einer bariatrischen Operation sind noch nicht ausreichend erforscht und verstanden. Hinweise Das Geruchsempfinden, als wichtiger Bestandteil der Nahrungsauswahl, könnte durch eine Veränderung in Folge einer bariatrischen Operation einen Einfluss auf die Gewichtsreduktion haben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mittels der Sniffin´sticks das Geruchsempfinden morbid adipöser Menschen in Zusammenhang mit einer bariatrischen Operation (RYGB, n=15 vs. SG, n=15) untersucht (0-1-6-12-24 Wochen). Als Kontrollgruppe dienten morbid adipöse Probanden unter konservativer Therapie (n=12). Der Ausgangs-BMI der SG-Gruppe (56,04 ± 7,09 kg/m2) war im Vergleich zur RYGB- Gruppe (48,71 ± 6,49 kg/m2) und der konservativ behandelten Gruppe (50,35 ± 6,78 kg/m2) signifikant höher (p= 0,011*). Das Ausmaß der Gewichtsabnahme der beiden operierten Gruppen zeigte keine signifikanten Unterschiede (p=0,87). Die konservativ behandelte Gruppe nahm praktisch kein Gewicht ab. Der Ausgangs-SDI-Wert der SG-Gruppe (27,09 ± 3,93) war im Vergleich zur RYGB- Gruppe (32,61 ± 3,64) und zur konservativ behandelten Gruppe (32,15 ± 5,32) signifikant niedriger. Die SG-Gruppe erreichte nach 6 Monaten SDI-Werte von 31,06 ± 3,49, was einen signifikanten Anstieg darstellt (p=0,040*). Die SG-Gruppe hatte anfangs signifikant niedrigere Schwellenwerte als die RYGB- Gruppe (p=0,0050**). Auch im Vergleich zu den Patienten der konservativ behandelten Gruppe erzielte die SG-Gruppe präoperativ signifikant niedrigere Schwellenwerte (p=0,0026). Ein signifikanter Anstieg der Schwellenwerte innerhalb von 6 Monaten zeigte sich nur in der SG-Gruppe (p=0,00061***). Die Mittelwerte lagen präoperativ bei 4,71 ± 1,31 und nach sechs Monaten bei 7,29 ± 2,11. Die RYGB-Gruppe erzielte präoperativ Mittelwerte von 6,82 ± 1,85 und nach sechs Monaten von 7,8 ± 1,41, was ein knapp nicht signifikanter Anstieg ist (p=0,054). Im Vergleich der Diskriminationswerte zeigte sich lediglich ein knapp signifikanter Anstieg der konservativ behandelten Gruppe (p=0,035*). Alle weiteren Werte waren nicht signifikant. Bezüglich der Identifikationswerte konnten keine signifikanten Veränderungen beobachtet werden. Mit abnehmendem BMI nahm der SDI-Wert der SG-Gruppe signifikant zu (p=0,0074**), was bei der RYGB-Gruppe nicht zutraf (p=0,20). Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass das Geruchsempfinden durch einen wesentlichen Gewichtsverlust an sich nicht beeinflusst wird. Die Daten deuten darauf hin, dass sich die Riechfunktion nach einer Sleeve Gastrectomy im Vergleich zu einer Roux-Y gastric bypass verbessert. Es scheint folglich Mechanismen zu geben, die von der Operationsmethode abhängen. In der Zukunft sind weitere Forschungsanstrengungen nötig, um die Mechanismen der Gewichtsabnahme nach bariatrischer Operation und insbesondere die Veränderungen des Geruchsempfindens in Abhängigkeit des Operationsverfahrens besser verstehen zu können. N2 - Changes of food preference toward foods with low caloric density have been demonstrated after bariatric surgery and may contribute to sustained body weight loss. It has been hypothesized that olfactory perception as an integral part of food selection might be altered after bariatric surgery. Sniffin' Sticks® were used to investigate the olfactory perception of morbidly obese patients undergoing either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 15) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 15) before 1, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. Obese patients without surgical intervention served as controls (CG, n = 15). Results are presented using the testing odor threshold, discrimination, and identification score (TDI; higher scores indicate better olfactory perception). Body weight loss was recorded. Initial BMI of the SG group (56.04 ± 7.096 kg m(-2)) was higher compared to the BMI of the RYGB (48.71 ± 6.49 kg m(-2)) and CG (50.35 ± 6.78 kg m(-2)); p = 0.011. Body weight loss among the surgical groups was not different (p = 0.011) while controls did not lose weight. Mean baseline TDI scores were significantly lower in the SG group 27.1 ± 3.9 vs. 32.6 ± 3.6 (RYGB) and 32.1 ±  5.3 (CG), respectively, whereas there were after 24 weeks no changes in RYGB and CG patients; the TDI score in the SG group increased significantly to 31.1 ± 3.5 (p < 0.01). Our data suggest that a substantial body weight loss per se does not affect olfactory perception. However, our results point after sleeve gastrectomy but not Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. KW - Adipositas KW - Geruchsmpfinden KW - bariatrische Operation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157076 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Anger, Friedrich T1 - Mucosa and microbiota – the role of intrinsic parameters on intestinal wound healing JF - Frontiers in Surgery N2 - Mucosal healing in the gut is an essential process when it comes to chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) but also to the creation of intestinal anastomosis. Despite an improvement of surgical techniques, the rates of anastomotic leakage remain substantial and represent a significant health-care and socio-economic burden. Recent research has focused on intrinsic factors such as mucosal linings and differences in the intestinal microbiota and identified specific endoluminal bacteria and epithelial proteins which influence intestinal wound healing and re-establishment of mucosal homeostasis. Despite the lack of large clinical studies, previous data indicate that the identified bacteria such as aerotolerant lactobacilli or wound-associated Akkermansia muciniphila as well as epithelial-expressed sialyl Lewis glycans or CD47 might be critical for wound and anastomotic healing in the gut, thus, providing a potential novel approach for future treatment strategies in colorectal surgery and IBD therapy. Since microbiota and mucosa are interacting closely, we outline the current discoveries about both subsets in this review together to demonstrate the significant interplay KW - epithelial cells KW - mucosal healing (MH) KW - microbiota KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - anastomotic leakage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282096 SN - 2296-875X VL - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Büntemeyer, Tjark-Ole T1 - Wertigkeit der Leberresektion bei Metastasen des Nebennierenkarzinoms - Analyse anhand des Deutschen Nebennierenkarzinom-Registers T1 - Role of Liverresection in adrenocortical carcinoma liver metastases N2 - Patienten mit einem hepatisch metastasierten Nebennierenkarzinom und ohne Hinweise auf extrahepatische Tumormanifestationen profitieren von einer Operation im Hinblick auf das Gesamtüberleben. Dies gilt sowohl für synchron- als auch für metachron metastasierte Patienten. N2 - Liver resection in case of ACC liver metastases can achieve long term survival, but disease free survival is short despite metastasectomy. Time to recurrence is a predictive factor for the outcome. KW - Nebenniere KW - Leberresektion KW - Nebennierenkarzinom Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155743 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaser, Kirsten A1 - Gradzka-Luczewska, Anna A1 - Szymankiewicz-Breborowicz, Marta A1 - Kawczynska-Leda, Natalia A1 - Henrich, Birgit A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria A1 - Speer, Christian P. T1 - Perinatal ureaplasma exposure is associated with increased risk of late onset sepsis and imbalanced inflammation in preterm infants and may add to lung injury JF - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology N2 - Background: Controversy remains concerning the impact of Ureaplasma on preterm neonatal morbidity. Methods: Prospective single-center study in very low birth weight infants <30 weeks' gestation. Cord blood and initial nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for Ureaplasma parvum and U. urealyticum using culture technique and polymerase chain reaction. Neonatal outcomes were followed until death or discharge. Multi-analyte immunoassay provided cord blood levels of inflammatory markers. Using multivariate regression analyses, perinatal Ureaplasma exposure was evaluated as risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), other neonatal morbidities until discharge and systemic inflammation at admission. Results: 40/103 (39%) infants were positive for Ureaplasma in one or both specimens, with U. parvum being the predominant species. While exposure to Ureaplasma alone was not associated with BPD, we found an increased risk of BPD in Ureaplasma-positive infants ventilated ≥5 days (OR 1.64; 95% CI 0.12–22.98; p = 0.009). Presence of Ureaplasma was associated with a 7-fold risk of late onset sepsis (LOS) (95% CI 1.80–27.39; p = 0.014). Moreover, Ureaplasma-positive infants had higher I/T ratios (b 0.39; 95% CI 0.08–0.71; p = 0.014), increased levels of interleukin (IL)-17 (b 0.16; 95% CI 0.02–0.30; p = 0.025) and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (b 0.77; 95% CI 0.10–1.44; p = 0.020), decreased levels of IL-10 (b −0.77; 95% CI −1.58 to −0.01; p = 0.043) and increased ratios of Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, and IL-17 to anti-inflammatory IL-10 (p = 0.003, p = 0.012, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Positive Ureaplasma screening was not associated with BPD. However, exposure contributed to BPD in infants ventilated ≥5 days and conferred an increased risk of LOS and imbalanced inflammatory cytokine responses. KW - Ureaplasma parvum KW - Ureaplasma urealyticum KW - preterm infants KW - VLBW KW - bronchopulmonary dysplasia KW - late onset sepsis KW - neonatal outcome KW - inflammation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201270 VL - 9 IS - 68 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fehrmann, Marion Valerie T1 - Inzidenz und Outcome von Teratomen des Ovars - eine retrospektive Datenanalyse T1 - Incidence and outcome of ovarian teratomas - a retrospective data analysis N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit " Inzidenz und Outcome von Teratomen des Ovars - eine retrospektive Datenanalyse " werden die Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Datenanalyse für ein Zeitfenster von 10 Jahren diskutiert. Gegenstand war die Auswertung der Patientenakten aller ovariellen Neubildungen, welche in den Jahren 2005-2015 in der Abteilung für Kinderchirurgie der chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg (Chirurgische Klinik I) behandelt wurden. Die Filterung der Datenbanken nach den erforderlichen Kriterien ergab einen Patientenstamm von 28 Fällen. Zentrale Untersuchungsparameter stellten das Patientenalter zum Erkrankungszeitpunkt, die diagnoseweisenden Symptome, die präoperative Diagnostik, die Wahl der Operationsmethode, der postoperative Verlauf der Krankengeschichte, das Nachsorgeprogramm sowie die Untersuchung auf rezidivierende Prozesse dar. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse des betrachteten Patientenstamms wurden objektiv zusammengefasst, auf mögliche Gesetzmäßigkeiten untersucht, präsentiert und durch Grafiken bildlich veranschaulicht. In der Diskussion erfolgte die Einordnung in die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Studienlage und der Vergleich mit themenspezifischen bekannten Erkenntnissen und Literatur. N2 - Incidence and outcome of ovarian teratomas - a retrospective data analysis: This work is an objective-based analysis which describes the clinical records of 28 individuals, who have been under medical treatment in the Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Zentrum operative Medizin, because of an ovarian teratoma. The collection and processing of data covers the time span between the years 2005-2015. The study investigates supposed relationships and possible associations concerning determined questions. Comparing the cases, the focus is on the observed symptoms, age of the patients, tumor side, histology of the neoplasia, surgical technique, postoperative recovery and potential recrudescence during the follow-up. Mature cystic teratoma is the most common germ cell neoplasm identified in women younger than 20 years. In the majority of cases mature cystic teratomas of the ovaries are asymptomatic. Consequently, they often are discovered by incidence. If they have reached a certain dimension, they may present theirselves as an asymmetric abdominal swelling. Ovarian torsion is considered as the most common complication and often causes abdominal pain. In clinical routine, ultrasonography (US) is the preferred modality to visualize and detect the tumor. The appearance at US is characterized by echogenic sebaceous material and calcification. The diagnosis is fixed at the base of the histological treatment. The less developed the tumor-cells look in microscopic analysis, the higher the grade and the higher the malignant potential of the neoplasia. It also has turned out to be habitual, that the cyst is composed of tissue which contains elements of all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). Due to the histological grading, two types of ovarian teratomas are distinguished: On the one hand, there are mature teratomas, which are benign tumors and usually can be cured by surgery, and on the other hand the immature teratomas, which are cancerous and require the application of a platin-based chemotherapy in combination to surgery. Fortunately, this form is much less common (<1% of ovarian teratomas). Structurally, the tumors appear in various patterns. In mature teratomas commonly dominates the cystic component, whereas immature teratomas may also host huge areas of solid organized tissue or appear as complex adnexal mass. Although it is desirable to preserve the affected ovary in order to keep fertility, it often has to be removed completely because of a tight adhesion with the tumor. At conclusion, most teratomas are curable and have an excellent prognosis. KW - Teratom KW - Ovarialzyste KW - Eierstocktumor KW - Keimzelltumor KW - Ovarialteratom KW - ovarian cyst KW - germ cell tumor KW - cancer in childhood Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168988 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmitt, Johannes Christian T1 - Über das Expressionsverhalten von Reparatur- und ABC- Transporter-Genen sowie inflammatorischen Signalwegen im Kolon- und Pankreaskarzinom T1 - Expression of heatshock proteins, ABC-transporters and toll-like transporters under nutrient deprivation in a colorectal and pancreatic tumor model N2 - Das Mikromilieu solider Tumor (tumor mircoenvironment, TME) weist verschiedene Besonderheiten auf, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie zu Chemotherapieresistenz und Tumorprogression beitragen können. Neben der Extrazellulären Matrix (ECM), den cancer associated cells (CAC) und diversen Entzündungszellen tragen auch chemische und physikalische Besonderheiten (Hypoxie, Azidose, erhöhter Gewebedruck, oxidativer Stress und Nährstoffmangel) zu Tumorprogression und Chemotherapieresistenz bei. Zudem wissen wir, dass Hitzeschock-Proteine (HSPs), Toll-like Rezeptoren (TLRs) und ABC-Transporter mit erhöhter Chemotherapieresistenz und Tumorprogression im Pankreas- und Kolonkarzinom einhergehen. Hier wurde untersucht, ob ein in vitro induzierter Nährstoffmangel im HT29 Kolonkarzinom, im Panc-1 Pankreaskarzinom und im MIA PaCa-2 Pankreaskarzinom zu einer gesteigerten Expression von HSP70, HSP90, MDR1, ABCB5 und TLR1 bis TLR10 auf mRNA und Proteinebene führt. Zudem wurde unter allen Versuchsbedingungen die Stoffwechselaktivität über einen MTS-Test gemessen. Der Nährstoffmangel wurde über die Kultivierung in einem Hybridomamedium, welches als proteinfreies Medium gilt und über die Kultivierung in einem serumfreien Medium induziert. Es zeigte sich, dass insbesondere die entdifferenzierte Panc-1 Pankreaskarzinomzelllinie eine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber dem induzierten Nährstoffmangel aufwies. Auf mRNA-Ebene zeigten sich bei allen drei Tumorzelllinien deutliche Expressionssteigerungen. Diese waren insbesondere im Hybridomamedium nachweisbar und traten beim HT29-Kolonkarzinom nach 48h und im Panc-1 Pankreaskarzinom bereits nach 24h auf. Besonders intensive Expressionssteigerungen konnten im HT29 Kolonkarzinom bei ABCB5, TLR7 und TLR9 nachgewiesen werden. Die Expression von MDR1 war insbesondere im MIA PaCa-2 Pankreaskarzinom gesteigert. Auf Proteinebene konnte im HT29 Kolonkarzinom eine Expressionssteigerung bei HSP90 und TLR6 nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse lassen zwei Interpretationen zu. Zum einen könnte über den Nährstoffmangel eine aggressivere Subpopulation selektioniert worden sein. In diesem Zusammenhang konnten die Expressionsdaten des Tumorstammzellmarkers CD133 leider nicht ausgewertet werden. Alternativ kann angenommen werden, dass die untersuchten Tumorzelllinien ihren aggressiven Phänotyp erst unter Nährstoffmangelbedingungen, wie wir sie regelmäßig in soliden Tumoren finden, zur Expression bringen. N2 - The tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors is low on nutrients and favors tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapies in different ways. In this study we cultured HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells, Panc-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic carcinoma cells in nutrient deprived conditions (NDC) and performed rtPCR expression analysis, SDS-PAGE and immunohistochemical staining after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Gene expression of ABC transporters (ABCB5, MDR1), heat-shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90) and Toll-like receptors (TLR1 – TLR10) in the NDC compared to normal condition was analyzed. We performed MTS tetrazolium assays to monitor the activity of the respiratory chain in any condition. We showed that the examined cell lines, and in particular Panc-1 pancreatic carcinoma, are very resistant to the NDC. The gens of interest showed increase expression after 48 hours (HT29) and 24 hours (Panc-1). The results suggest that culturing in NDC either selects a very aggressive and resistant subpopulation or NDC induces gene expression changes and shows us how cancer cells really perform in the nutrient deprived tumor environment. Unfortunately, we were not able to use the gene expression analysis of the stem cell marker CD133. KW - International Conference on Tumor Microenvironment (4 : 2007 : Florenz) KW - Hitzeschock-Proteine KW - Toll-like-Rezeptoren KW - ABC-Transporter KW - Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs KW - Nährstoffmangel KW - Tumor Microenvironment KW - Kolonkarzinom KW - Pankreaskarzinom KW - Chemotherapieresistenz Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249884 ER - TY - THES A1 - Morgenroth, Stephanie T1 - Die Wertigkeit der präoperativen Breischluckuntersuchung bei der Antirefluxchirurgie und der Chirurgie der Hiatushernien T1 - The assessment of preoperative barium swallow in antireflux surgery and hiatal hernia surgery N2 - Die radiologische Breischluckuntersuchung wird derzeit noch vor einer Antirefluxchirurgie und Chirurgie der Hiatushernien zur Detektion und Klassifikation einer Hiatushernie empfohlen. Ziel der Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, ob die präoperative Breischluckuntersuchung bei der Diagnostik und Klassifikation von Hiatushernien einen zusätzlichen Nutzen hat und diese Befunde dann mit Endoskopie und schnittbildgebenden Verfahren zu vergleichen. N2 - Barium swallow is a recommended study for the preoperative assessment and classification of hiatal hernias in laparoscopic antireflux and hiatal hernia surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the additional value of barium swallow in correct detection and classification of hiatal hernias and compare these findings to preoperative endoscopy and computed tomography or magnetic resonance. KW - Gastroösophagealer Reflux KW - Breischluckuntersuchung KW - barium swallow KW - hiatal hernia KW - Hiatushernie KW - Antirefluxchirugie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217335 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schick, Martin Alexander A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Clinical implication of phosphodiesterase-4-inhibition JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The pleiotropic function of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways in health and disease led to the development of pharmacological phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-I) to attenuate cAMP degradation. While there are many isotypes of PDE, a predominant role of PDE4 is to regulate fundamental functions, including endothelial and epithelial barrier stability, modulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive and/or mood functions. This makes the use of PDE4-I an interesting tool for various therapeutic approaches. However, due to the presence of PDE4 in many tissues, there is a significant danger for serious side effects. Based on this, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the approaches and effects of PDE4-I for different therapeutic applications. In summary, despite many obstacles to use of PDE4-I for different therapeutic approaches, the current data warrant future research to utilize the therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition. KW - phosphodiesterase KW - phosphodiesterase-4 KW - phosphodiesterase-inhibitors KW - PDE KW - PDE4-I Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284511 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankir, Mohammed Khair A1 - Bruneau Jr., Michael T1 - Periphery-brain interactions and leptin in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism JF - Nutrients N2 - No abstract available KW - periphery-brain interactions Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270581 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 14 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otto, C. A1 - Schmidt, S. A1 - Kastner, C. A1 - Denk, S. A1 - Kettler, J. A1 - Müller, N. A1 - Germer, C.T. A1 - Wolf, E. A1 - Gallant, P. A1 - Wiegering, A. T1 - Targeting bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibits MYC expression in colorectal cancer cells JF - Neoplasia N2 - The transcriptional regulator BRD4 has been shown to be important for the expression of several oncogenes including MYC. Inhibiting of BRD4 has broad antiproliferative activity in different cancer cell types. The small molecule JQ1 blocks the interaction of BRD4 with acetylated histones leading to transcriptional modulation. Depleting BRD4 via engineered bifunctional small molecules named PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) represents the next-generation approach to JQ1-mediated BRD4 inhibition. PROTACs trigger BRD4 for proteasomale degradation by recruiting E3 ligases. The aim of this study was therefore to validate the importance of BRD4 as a relevant target in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to compare the efficacy of BRD4 inhibition with BRD4 degradation on downregulating MYC expression. JQ1 induced a downregulation of both MYC mRNA and MYC protein associated with an antiproliferative phenotype in CRC cells. dBET1 and MZ1 induced degradation of BRD4 followed by a reduction in MYC expression and CRC cell proliferation. In SW480 cells, where dBET1 failed, we found significantly lower levels of the E3 ligase cereblon, which is essential for dBET1-induced BRD4 degradation. To gain mechanistic insight into the unresponsiveness to dBET1, we generated dBET1-resistant LS174t cells and found a strong downregulation of cereblon protein. These findings suggest that inhibition of BRD4 by JQ1 and degradation of BRD4 by dBET1 and MZ1 are powerful tools for reducing MYC expression and CRC cell proliferation. In addition, downregulation of cereblon may be an important mechanism for developing dBET1 resistance, which can be evaded by incubating dBET1-resistant cells with JQ1 or MZ1. KW - Cancer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202451 VL - 21 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Wagner, Johanna A1 - Löb, Stefan A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Kastner, Caroline A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Pathological complete response due to a prolonged time interval between preoperative chemoradiation and surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer: analysis from the German StuDoQ|Rectalcarcinoma registry JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is the recommended standard of care for patients with local advanced rectal cancer. However, it remains unclear, whether a prolonged time interval to surgery results in an increased perioperative morbidity, reduced TME quality or better pathological response. Aim of this study was to determine the time interval for best pathological response and perioperative outcome compared to current recommended interval of 6 to 8 weeks. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of the German StuDoQ|Rectalcarcinoma registry. Patients were grouped for the time intervals of "less than 6 weeks", "6 to 8 weeks", "8 to 10 weeks" and "more than 10 weeks". Primary endpoint was pathological response, secondary endpoint TME quality and complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Results Due to our inclusion criteria (preoperative chemoradiation, surgery in curative intention, M0), 1.809 of 9.560 patients were suitable for analysis. We observed a trend for increased rates of pathological complete response (pCR: ypT0ypN0) and pathological good response (pGR: ypT0-1ypN0) for groups with a prolonged time interval which was not significant. Ultimately, it led to a steady state of pCR (16.5%) and pGR (22.6%) in "8 to 10" and "more than 10" weeks. We were not able to observe any differences between the subgroups in perioperative morbidity, proportion of rectal extirpation (for cancer of the lower third) or difference in TME quality. Conclusion A prolonged time interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiation can be performed, as the rate of pCR seems to be increased without influencing perioperative morbidity. KW - Rectal cancer KW - Surgery KW - Radiochemotherapy KW - Time interval Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229334 VL - 20 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schulz, Christian Andreas T1 - Tissue Engineering einer autologen Neofaszie in Kombination mit synthetischen Netzen im dynamischen Bioreaktor: Morphometrie und explorative Gen-Expressionsanalyse T1 - Tissue Engineering of an autologue neofascia in combination with synthetic meshes in a dynamic bioreactor: morphometrie and explorative analysis of gene-expression N2 - Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Die Inzidenz von Narbenhernien (operativ erworbene Schwachstellen der Bauchwand) ist abhängig von der Art der vorhergegangen Operation, nach Laparaskopien ist sie um einiges niedriger als nach Laparotomien, wird aber mit 2-20% in der Literatur angegeben. Aufgrund der möglichen Komplikationen (Platzbauch, Darminkarzeration, Schmerzen, Funktionseinschränkung, …) stellen Narbenhernien oftmals große Belastungen für die Patienten dar. Die operative Sanierung, in Abhängigkeit von Größe und Lage, wird zumeist durch einbringen eines Netzgewebes erreicht. Dieser Fremdkörper kann seinerseits wieder Komplikationen hervorrufen (Infektionen, Funktionsverlust, Schmerzen, Fisteln), die bis zur Explantation des Netzgewebes führen können. Das Risiko für das Auftreten von Narbenhernien bzw. deren Rezidiven hängt von vielen Faktoren ab, als Risikofaktoren wurden unter anderem Rauchen, männliches Geschlecht, Alter >45 Jahre und ein BMI >25 kg/cm² ausgemacht. Ein Teilbereich des Tissue Engineerings ist die Entwicklung von Modellen, anhand derer in vitro Prozesse des menschlichen Körpers nachvollzogen werden können. Mit dieser Arbeit soll ein Modell etabliert werden Anhand dessen die Untersuchung der Kollagenproduktion und der Netzinkorporation bzw. die Auswirkungen verschiedener Risikofaktoren auf diese Prozesse in vitro ermöglicht werden soll. Weiterhin wurden Studienfragen formuliert, die sich sowohl mit der Durchführbarkeit dieser Methode abzielten, als auch gezielt nach der Stützung der These der „guten und schlechten Heiler“ durch diese Arbeit abzielten. Sowie nach der Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse mit bekannten Kollagenmustern die aus Netzexplantaten bekannt sind. Material und Methode: Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden Biopsien von Faszien bzw. Narbenhernien im Rahmen einer Operation gewonnen, aus diesen wurden die Fibroblasten isoliert und anschliessend entweder eingefroren bzw. expandiert, um sie in einer Rattenkollagenmatrix mit und ohne synthetischem Netz im dynamisch mechanischen Bioreaktor zu kultivieren. Die Biopsien wurden Anhand der Kollagen I/III Ratio in „gute und schlechte Heiler“ eingruppiert. Anschließend wurden die so gezüchteten Neofaszien HE und Pikrosiriusrot gefärbt um zum einen einen Eindruck von der Verteilung der Fibroblasten innerhalb der Neofaszie zu gewinnen, als auch Aussagen zum Kollagenmuster, der Kollagen I/III Ratio und zur Kollagendensität treffen zu können. Die Dicke der kultivierten Neofaszien wurde sowohl in Sirius als auch in HE Färbung untersucht. Weiterhin wurden RT-PCR und Gene Arrays von Nativgeweben und von Neofaszien mit unterschiedlichen Netztypen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Bei gesunden Probanden konnten oftmals nicht genügend Zellen aus den Faszienbiopsaten gewonnen werden, deshalb wurde im Verlauf der Arbeit auf die Gewinnung von gesundem Fasziengewebe als Vergleichsgruppe verzichtet. Fibroblasten von als „schlechten Heilern“ klassifizierten Patienten zeigten meist ein langsameres Wachstum in der Expansionsphase. Der Bioreaktor bereitete kaum Probleme (ein paar Faszien trockneten anfänglich aus, dieses Problem lies sich durch bei Bedarf verkürzten Medienwechselintervallen in den Griff bekommen. Probleme mit Kontaminationen traten nicht auf. Bei den Histologischen Untersuchungen der Neofaszien waren Fibroblasten über den gesamten Bereich der Neofaszie zu sehen, auch in unmittelbarer Umgebung der Netzstrukturen. Die Kollagenmuster stimmten in Ansätzen mit den aus klinischen Netzexplantaten bekannten Mustern überein (Polydirektional bei Polyesternetz, Konzentrisch um die Netzstrukturen bei Polypropylen). Weiterhin war eine verstärkte Kollagenbildung quer zur Druckrichtung des Bioreaktors zu erkennen. Bei der Betrachtung der Dicke der Neofaszien zeigte sich (unter Vorbehalt, aufgrund der geringen Probenanzahl) eine Tendenz zu meist dünneren Faszien bei „schlechten Heilern“ während die Neofaszien von „guten Heilern“ meist eine kleinere Streuung um den Mittelwert zeigten (einheitlicher waren). Die Kollagendensität und auch die Kollagen I/III Ratio lieferten Ergebnisse Anhand derer Gesagt werden kann, dass je höher die Ausgangswerte im Nativgewebe waren, diese mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit von den Neofaszien nicht erreicht werden konnten. qRT-PCR und Gene Array zeigten in der Rangkorrelation nach Spearman große Übereinstimmungen. Beantwortung der Studienfragen: Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass es möglich ist Neofaszien mit synthetischen Netzen zu züchten, die über den gesamten Bereich mit Fibroblasten besiedelt waren. Die Ergebnisse der Kollagenmorphologie zeigten in Ansätzen die aus Netzexplantaten bekannten Muster. Bei Kollagen I/III Ratio und Densität war lediglich erkennbar, dass je höher die Ausgangswerte waren, diese mit zunehmender Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht reproduziert werden konnten. Es ließ sich keine Verbindung zwischen der Kollagen I/III Ratio der Histologischen Gewebeproben und den Molekularbiologischen Ergebnissen feststellen. Weiterhin konnte die Theorie der „guten und schlechten Heiler“ molekularbiologisch nicht gestützt werden, da die Proben der als „schlechte Heiler“ Klassifizierten Biopsien stärkere Gemeinsamkeiten mit als „gute Heiler“ Klassifizierten Biopsien aufwiesen als untereinander. Es konnte gezeigt werden dass die Kultur auf die MMP-8 und Elastinproduktion keinen Einfluss zu haben scheint. Diskussion: Im Verlauf der Diskussion wurde darauf hingewiesen, dass die Kollagensynthese, und Sekretion ein komplexes und höchst aktives System darstellt, welches im Rahmen der Wundheilung durch Co-Signalling, und der Interaktion zwischen Fibroblasten und Immunzellen (Makrophagen…) nochmals verändert wird, auch dadurch bedingt, dass Fibroblasten im Verlauf der Wundheilung selbst als immunmodulierende Zellen in Erscheinung treten können. So können weiterhin die Kollagen kodierenden Gene (Col1A1, Col1A2, Col3A1) als Marker für die Kollagenaktivität herangezogen werden, da aber zwischen Synthese und Sekretion des Kollagens ein nicht zu vernachlässigender Teil bereits intrazellulär wieder abgebaut wird kann nur durch Betrachtung dieser Gene die Theorie der „guten und schlechten Heiler“ nicht gestützt werden. Durch die hohe Korrelation der Ergebnisse aus gene-Array und qRT-PCR könnte für die Zukunft vorläufig auf die Durchführung von qRT-PCR verzichtet werden, um eventuell unterschiedliche Pathways mit dem Gene-Array zu identifizieren. Offene Fragen Ausblick und Perspektiven: Da das System der Wundheilung und Kollagensynthese und –Sekretion sehr komplex ist sollte für die Zukunft durch eine Kokultur mit Makrophagen bzw. durch die Zugabe von TNF-α, IL-6, PDGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Vitamin C oder Lysyloxidase zum Kulturmedium, geprüft werden ob sich eine Aktivitätsveränderung der Fibroblasten und damit eine andere Neofaszienstruktur erreichen lässt. Weiterhin sollte um einer Verfälschung der Ergebnisse durch das für die Gele verwendete Rattenkollagen vorzubeugen, entweder die Kulturdauer verlängert werden (mit dem Gedanken dass dann das gesamte Rattenkollagen durch humanes ersetzt wurde) bzw. ein Kollagenfreies Gel als Trägerstruktur entwickelt und verwendet werden. Um eine bessere Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse des Gene-Arrays aus Spenderbiopsie und Neofaszie zu erreichen sollten die zur RNA-Gewinnung verwendeten Anteile der Biopsie noch innerhalb des OP in RNA-later bzw. in flüssigen Stickstoff gegeben werden, um einer verstärkten Degradation vorzubeugen. N2 - Summary Introduction: The incidence of scar hernias (surgically acquired weaknesses of the abdominal wall) depends on the type of previous operation, after laparascopies it is much lower than after laparotomies, but is reported to be 2-20% in the literature. Due to the possible complications (burst abdomen, intestinal incarceration, pain, functional limitations, ...), scar hernias often represent a great burden for patients. Surgical restoration, depending on size and location, is usually achieved by inserting a mesh tissue. This foreign body in turn can cause complications (infections, loss of function, pain, fistulas), which can lead to explantation of the mesh tissue. The risk of the occurrence of scar hernias or their recurrence depends on many factors, including smoking, male sex, age >45 years and a BMI >25 kg/cm². One goal of tissue engineering is the development of in vitro models to reproduce processes of the human body. The aim of this work is to establish a model that will enable the investigation of collagen production and mesh incorporation and the effects of different risk factors on these processes in vitro. Study questions were formulated, that were aimed to prove the feasibility of this method, to see if the results support the thesis of "good and bad healers", and to compare the results with known collagen patterns from net implants. Material and method: Biopsies of fascia and scar hernias were obtained during an abdominal surgery, from this tissue the fibroblasts were isolated and then either frozen or expanded in order to cultivate them in a rat collagen matrix with and without synthetic meshes in a dynamic-mechanical bioreactor. The biopsies were grouped into "good and bad healers" using the collagen I/III ratio. The neofasciae were then stained (HE and Pikrosirius red) to gain an impression of the distribution of the fibroblasts within the neofascia and to be able to make statements about the collagen pattern, the collagen I/III ratio and the collagen density. The thickness of the cultured neofascia was investigated in both Sirius and HE staining. Furthermore, RT-PCR and gene arrays of native tissues and neofascia with different net types were performed. Results: In healthy volunteers, it was often not possible to obtain a sufficient number of fibrobasts from the fascia biopsies. Therefore, in the course of the study, healthy fascia tissue was not obtained as a comparison group. Fibroblasts from patients classified as "bad healers" usually showed slower growth in the expansion phase. The bioreactor caused hardly any problems (a few fasciae initially dried out, this problem could be solved by shortening the intervals between media changes if necessary). Problems with contamination did not occur. During the histological examination of the neofascia, fibroblasts were visible over the entire area of the neofascia, even in the immediate vicinity of the mesh structures. The collagen patterns were similar to those already known from clinical mesh explants (polydirectional in the case of polyester mesh, concentric around the mesh structures in the case of polypropylene). Furthermore, an increased collagen formation transverse to the pressure direction of the bioreactor could be observed. When considering the thickness of the neofasciae, a tendency towards thinner fasciae in "bad healers" was observed (with reservations, due to the small number of samples), whereas the neofasciae of "good healers" showed a smaller scatter around the mean value (were more uniform). The collagen density and also the collagen I/III ratio also showed results, to state: the higher the initial values in the native tissue, the higher the probability that these could not be achieved by the neofasciae. qRT-PCR and Gene Array showed a high correlation (rank correlation according to Spearman). Answering the study questions: It could be shown that it is possible to breed neofasciae with synthetic meshes that were colonized with fibroblasts over the entire area. The results of the collagen morphology showed patterns known from mesh explants. With collagen I/III ratio and density it was only recognizable that the higher the initial values were, the more likely it was that they could not be reproduced. There was no connection between the collagen I/III ratio of the histological tissue samples and the molecular biological results. Furthermore, the theory of "good and bad healers" could not be supported by molecular biology, since the samples of the biopsies classified as "bad healers" had more in common with biopsies classified as "good healers" than with each other. It could be shown that the culture does not seem to have any influence on MMP-8 and elastin production. Discussion: In the course of the discussion, it was pointed out that collagen synthesis and secretion is a complex and highly active system, which is further altered in the context of wound healing by co-signalling and the interaction between fibroblasts and immune cells (macrophages...), also due to the fact that fibroblasts themselves can appear as immunomodulating cells in the course of wound healing. Thus, the collagen coding genes (Col1A1, Col1A2, Col3A1) can still be used as markers for collagen activity, but since between synthesis and secretion of the collagen a not negligible part is already degraded intracellularly, the theory of "good and bad healers" cannot be supported only by considering these genes. Due to the high correlation of the results from gene arrays and qRT-PCR, the use of qRT-PCR could be dispensed with for the time being in order to identify possible different pathways with the gene array. Open questions Outlook and perspectives: The system of wound healing and collagen synthesis and secretion is very complex, it should be examined whether a change in the activity of the fibroblasts and thus a different neofascia structure can be achieved in the future by cocultivation with macrophages or by adding TNF-α, IL-6, PDGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, vitamin C or lysyl oxidase to the culture medium. Furthermore, in order to prevent falsification of the results by the rat collagen used for the culture medium, either the culture duration should be extended (with the thought that the entire rat collagen was then replaced by human collagen) or a collagen-free culture medium should be developed and used as carrier structure. In order to achieve a better comparability of the results of the gene array from donor biopsy and neofascia, the parts of the biopsy used for RNA extraction should be given in RNA later or in liquid nitrogen in the OR (operation room) to prevent an increased degradation. KW - Hernie KW - Hernia KW - Regenerative Medizin KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Herniengesellschaft KW - regenerative Medicine KW - tissue engineering KW - meshes KW - bioreactor Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191876 ER - TY - THES A1 - Eiken, Barbara T1 - Auswirkung von Epiduralkatheter und suprapubischer Harnableitung in Bezug auf die Inzidenz von Katheter-assoziierten Harnwegsinfektionen nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen T1 - Effect of epidural catheter and suprapubic urinary drainage on the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections after abdominal surgery N2 - Einleitung Periduralkatheter (PDK) werden häufig zur postoperativen Analgesie angewendet. Deren Anwendung kann zu einem Harnverhalt führen, was oftmals zu einer längeren Liegedauer des Blasenkatheters führt. Ziel Unser Ziel war es den optimalen Zeitpunkt für die Entfernung des Blasenkatheters zu identifizieren, um das Risiko für Komplikationen im Sinne von Harnwegsinfekten (HWI) zu minimieren. Methodik Insgesamt wurden 501 Patienten in diese retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen, die einen Periduralkatheter sowie einen suprapubischen Blasenkatheter im Rahmen eines allgemeinchirurgischen Eingriffs erhalten hatten. Die Patienten wurde anhand des Zeitpunktes der Entfernung des Blasenkatheters in Bezug zum Zeitpunkt der Entfernung des PDKs aufgeteilt und das Auftreten eines HWIs analysiert. Zusätzlich haben wir eine Umfrage an 102 deutschen Kliniken durchgeführt und die 83 erhaltenen Antworten hinsichtlich der aktuellen Handhabung von PDK und Harnableitung evaluiert. Ergebnis In unserem Patientenkollektiv zeigte sich in 6,7 % ein Katheter-assoziierter HWI. Signifikant mehr Frauen als Männer hatten einen HWI (7,8 % männlich versus 20,1 % weiblich, p = 0,0001). Es zeigte sich ein Trend zur erhöhten Rate an HWIs, wenn der Blasenkatheter nach dem PDK entfernt wurde, jedoch ohne statistische Signifikanz (vor PDK-Entfernung: 29,5 %, zeitgleich 16,2 %, nach PDK-Entfernung 54,3 %). Die deutschlandweite Umfrage konnte zeigen, dass in fast allen Krankenhäusern (98,8 %), die Patienten einen PDK und eine Harnableitung nach einem größeren abdominalchirugischen Eingriff erhalten hatten. Es wurde häufiger ein transurethraler als ein suprapubischer Katheter verwendet. Der Zeitpunkt der Entfernung der Harnableitung war gleichmäßig verteilt auf die Zeitpunkte vor, zeitgleich und nach Entfernung des PDKs. Schlussfolgerung Der Zeitpunkt der Entfernung der Harnableitung in Bezug zum Zeitpunkt der Entfernung des PDKs scheint keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die Entstehung eines Harnweginfektes zu haben. Es zeigt sich lediglich ein Trend zu einer leicht erhöhten Rate an HWIs, wenn der Blasenkatheter nach dem PDK entfernt wurde. Die aktuelle Handhabung in Deutschland zeigt sich sehr inhomogen, sodass weitere Studien notwendig sind, um die postoperative Versorgung zur standardisieren. N2 - A multicenter survey and a descriptive, retrospective single-center study in the department of visceral surgery Introduction Peridural catheters (PDK) are often used for postoperative analgesia. Their use can lead to urinary retention, which often leads to a longer length of time for the urinary catheter. Objective Our goal was to identify the optimal time to remove the urinary catheter to minimize the risk of complications related to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Method A total of 501 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study who received a peridural catheter and a suprapubic urinary catheter as part of a general surgery. The patients were divided based on the time of removal of the urinary catheter in relation to the time of removal of the PDK and the occurrence of a UTI was analyzed. In addition, we conducted a survey of 102 German clinics and evaluated the 83 responses received regarding the current handling of PDK and urinary diversion. Result In our patient population, catheter-associated UTIs were found in 6.7 %. Significantly more women than men had UTIs (7.8 % male versus 20.1 % female, p = 0.0001). There was a trend towards an increased rate of UTIs when the urinary catheter was removed after the PDK, but without statistical significance (before PDK removal: 29.5%, at the same time 16.2%, after PDK removal 54.3%). The Germany-wide survey showed that in almost all hospitals (98.8 %), the patients had received a PDK and urinary diversion after a major abdominal surgery. A transurethral catheter has been used more often than a suprapubic catheter. The time of urinary diversion removal was evenly distributed between the times before, at the same time and after removal of the PDK. Conclusion The time of urinary diversion removal relative to the time of removal of the PDK does not appear to have a statistically significant impact on the development of a urinary tract infection. There is only a trend towards a slightly increased rate of UTIs when the urinary catheter was removed after the PDK. The current handling in Germany is very inhomogeneous, so that further studies are necessary to standardize postoperative care. KW - Harnwegsinfektion KW - HWI KW - PDK KW - Viszeralchirurgie KW - suprapubisch KW - Periduralkatheter KW - Harnableitung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208836 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, J. A1 - Glutsch, V. A1 - Geissinger, E. A1 - Haug, L. A1 - Lock, J.F. A1 - Schneider, F. A1 - Kneitz, H. A1 - Goebeler, M. A1 - Schilling, B. A1 - Gesierich, A. T1 - Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with combined ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with melanoma with primary or in transit disease JF - British Journal of Dermatology N2 - The introduction of new therapeutic agents has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The approval of adjuvant anti‐programmed death‐1 monotherapy with nivolumab or pembrolizumab, and dabrafenib plus trametinib has recently set a new landmark in the treatment of stage III melanoma. Now, clinical trials have shown that immune checkpoint blockade can be performed in a neoadjuvant setting, an approach established as a standard therapeutic approach for other tumour entities such as breast cancer. Recent studies suggest that a pathological response achieved by neoadjuvant immunotherapy is associated with long‐term tumour control and that short neoadjuvant application of checkpoint inhibitors may be superior to adjuvant therapy. Most recently, neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab in stage III melanoma was reported. With two courses of dose‐optimized ipilimumab (1 mg kg−1) combined with nivolumab (3 mg kg−1), pathological responses were observed in 77% of patients, while only 20% of patients experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse events. However, the neoadjuvant trials employing combined immune checkpoint blockade conducted so far have excluded patients with in transit metastases, a common finding in stage III melanoma. Here we report four patients with in transit metastases or an advanced primary tumour who have been treated with neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab according to the OpACIN‐neo trial scheme (arm B). All patients achieved radiological disease control and a pathological response. None of the patients has relapsed so far. KW - Immunotherapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213520 VL - 183 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, M. A1 - Seyfried, F. A1 - Reimer, S. A1 - Krajinovic, K. A1 - Miras, A. D. A1 - Jurowich, C. A1 - Germer, C. T. A1 - Brand, M. T1 - Proximal jejunal stoma as ultima ratio in case of traumatic distal duodenal perforation facilitating successful EndoVAC\(^{®}\) treatment: a case report JF - International Journal of Surgery Case Reports N2 - Introduction: During damage control surgery for blunt abdominal traumata simultaneous duodenal perforations can be missed making secondary sufficient surgical treatment challenging. Endoluminal vacuum (EndoVAC™) therapy has been shown to be a revolutionary option but has anatomical and technical limits. Presentation of the case: A 59-year old man with hemorrhagic shock due to rupture of the mesenteric root after blunt abdominal trauma received damage control treatment. Within a scheduled second-look, perforation of the posterior duodenal wall was identified. Due to local and systemic conditions, further surgical treatment was limited. Decision for endoscopic treatment was made but proved to be difficult due to the distal location. Finally, double-barreled jejunal stoma was created for transstomal EndoVAC™ treatment. Complete leakage healing was achieved and jejunostomy reversal followed subsequently. Discussion: During damage control surgery simultaneous bowel injuries can be missed leading to life-threatening complications with limited surgical options. EndoVAC™ treatment is an option for gastrointestinal perforations but has anatomical limitations that can be sufficiently shifted by a transstomal approach for intestinal leakage. Conclusion: In trauma related laparotomy complete mobilization of the duodenum is crucial. As ultima ratio, transstomal EndoVAC™ is a safe and feasible option and can be considered for similar cases. KW - transstomal endoluminal vacuum therapy KW - EndoVAC and small bowel KW - duodenal trauma KW - duodenal perforation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159292 VL - 41 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nothhaft, Matthias A1 - Klepper, Joerg A1 - Kneitz, Hermann A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Hamm, Henning A1 - Morbach, Henner T1 - Hemorrhagic bullous Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: case report and review of the literature JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics N2 - Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) or IgA vasculitis is the most common systemic vasculitis of childhood and may affect skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Skin manifestations of HSP are characteristic and include a non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura of the lower extremities and buttocks. Rarely, HSP may initially present as or evolve into hemorrhagic vesicles and bullae. We present an otherwise healthy 5-year-old boy with an acute papulovesicular rash of both legs and intermittent abdominal pain. After a few days the skin lesions rapidly evolved into palpable purpura and hemorrhagic bullous lesions of variable size and severe hemorrhagic HSP was suspected. A histological examination of a skin biopsy showed signs of a small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis limited to the upper dermis and direct immunofluorescence analysis revealed IgA deposits in vessel walls, compatible with HSP. To further characterize the clinical picture and treatment options of bullous HSP we performed an extensive literature research and identified 41 additional pediatric patients with bullous HSP. Two thirds of the reported patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids, however, up to 25% of the reported patients developed skin sequelae such as hyperpigmentation and/or scarring. The early use of systemic corticosteroids has been discussed controversially and suggested in some case series to be beneficial by reducing the extent of lesions and minimizing sequelae of disease. Our patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids tapered over 5 weeks. Fading of inflammation resulted in healing of most erosions, however, a deep necrosis developing from a large blister at the dorsum of the right foot persisted so that autologous skin transplantation was performed. Re-examination 11 months after disease onset showed complete clinical remission with re-epithelialization but also scarring of some affected areas. KW - henoch-schönlein purpura KW - vasculitis KW - hemorrhagic KW - bullae KW - children Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201435 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimmig, Tanja A1 - Moench, Romana A1 - Kreckel, Jennifer A1 - Haack, Stephanie A1 - Rueckert, Felix A1 - Rehder, Roberta A1 - Tripathi, Sudipta A1 - Ribas, Carmen A1 - Chandraker, Anil A1 - Germer, Christoph T. A1 - Gasser, Martin A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria T1 - Toll Like Receptor 2, 4, and 9 Signaling Promotes Autoregulative Tumor Cell Growth and VEGF/PDGF Expression in Human Pancreatic Cancer JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling has been suggested to play an important role in the inflammatory microenvironment of solid tumors and through this inflammation-mediated tumor growth. Here, we studied the role of tumor cells in their process of self-maintaining TLR expression independent of inflammatory cells and cytokine milieu for autoregulative tumor growth signaling in pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the expression of TLR2, -4, and -9 in primary human cancers and their impact on tumor growth via induced activation in several established pancreatic cancers. TLR-stimulated pancreatic cancer cells were specifically investigated for activated signaling pathways of VEGF/PDGF and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL expression as well as tumor cell growth. The primary pancreatic cancers and cell lines expressed TLR2, -4, and -9. TLR-specific stimulation resulted in activated MAP-kinase signaling, most likely via autoregulative stimulation of demonstrated TLR-induced VEGF and PDGF expression. Moreover, TLR activation prompted the expression of Bcl-xL and has been demonstrated for the first time to induce tumor cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. These findings strongly suggest that pancreatic cancer cells use specific Toll like receptor signaling to promote tumor cell proliferation and emphasize the particular role of TLR2, -4, and -9 in this autoregulative process of tumor cell activation and proliferation in pancreatic cancer. KW - tumor growth KW - TLR2 KW - TLR4 KW - TLR9 KW - pancreatic cancer KW - inflammation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165743 VL - 17 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollborn, Jakob A1 - Wunder, Christian A1 - Stix, Jana A1 - Neuhaus, Winfried A1 - Bruno, Rapahel R. A1 - Baar, Wolfgang A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Schick, Martin A. T1 - Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition with rolipram attenuates hepatocellular injury in hyperinflammation in vivo and in vitro without influencing inflammation and HO-1 expression JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics N2 - Objective: To investigate the impact of the phophodiesterase-4 inhibition (PD-4-I) with rolipram on hepatic integrity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced hyperinflammation. Materials and Methods: Liver microcirculation in rats was obtained using intravital microscopy. Macrohemodynamic parameters, blood assays, and organs were harvested to determine organ function and injury. Hyperinflammation was induced by LPS and PD-4-I rolipram was administered intravenously one hour after LPS application. Cell viability of HepG2 cells was measured by EZ4U-kit based on the dye XTT. Experiments were carried out assessing the influence of different concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and LPS with or without PD-4-I. Results: Untreated LPS-induced rats showed significantly decreased liver microcirculation and increased hepatic cell death, whereas LPS + PD-4-I treatment could improve hepatic volumetric flow and cell death to control level whithout influencing the inflammatory impact. In HepG2 cells TNF-α and LPS significantly reduced cell viability. Coincubation with PD-4-I increased HepG2 viability to control levels. The heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway did not induce the protective effect of PD-4-I. Conclusion: Intravenous PD-4-I treatment was effective in improving hepatic microcirculation and hepatic integrity, while it had a direct protective effect on HepG2 viability during inflammation. KW - acute liver failure KW - endotoxemia KW - phosphodiesterase KW - rolipram KW - sepsis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149336 VL - 6 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meir, Michael A1 - Kannapin, Felix A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus A1 - Ghoreishi, Yalda A1 - Kollmann, Catherine A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Waschke, Jens A1 - Leven, Patrick A1 - Schneider, Reiner A1 - Wehner, Sven A1 - Burkard, Natalie A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Intestinal epithelial barrier maturation by enteric glial cells is GDNF-dependent JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Enteric glial cells (EGCs) of the enteric nervous system are critically involved in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function (IEB). The underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) contributes to IEB maturation and may therefore be the predominant mediator of this process by EGCs. Using GFAP\(^{cre}\) x Ai14\(^{floxed}\) mice to isolate EGCs by Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we confirmed that they synthesize GDNF in vivo as well as in primary cultures demonstrating that EGCs are a rich source of GDNF in vivo and in vitro. Co-culture of EGCs with Caco2 cells resulted in IEB maturation which was abrogated when GDNF was either depleted from EGC supernatants, or knocked down in EGCs or when the GDNF receptor RET was blocked. Further, TNFα-induced loss of IEB function in Caco2 cells and in organoids was attenuated by EGC supernatants or by recombinant GDNF. These barrier-protective effects were blunted when using supernatants from GDNF-deficient EGCs or by RET receptor blockade. Together, our data show that EGCs produce GDNF to maintain IEB function in vitro through the RET receptor. KW - enteric glial cells KW - neurotrophic factors KW - intestinal epithelial barrier KW - GDNF5 KW - RET6 KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - enteric nervous system KW - gut barrier KW - intercellular junctions Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258913 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 22 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Scheler, Maximilian Heinrich Julius T1 - Die operative Versorgung des Thoraxmagens - Eine Langzeitanalyse von 2008-2015 T1 - Surgical treatment of giant hiatal hernias - a long-term analysis from 2008-2015 N2 - Der Thoraxmagen beschreibt eine zirkuläre Schwachstelle der phrenikoösophagealen Membran mit einer schrittweisen Dislozierung der Magenkardia und des Ösophagus nach mediastinal. Die Therapie des Thoraxmagens kann konservativ im Sinne des „watchful waiting“ oder operativ erfolgen. Aufgrund der möglichen Komplikationen wird die elektive Operation durch die amerikanischen Leitlinien empfohlen. Ein zentrales Problem der Hiatushernienchirurgie stellt die hohe Anzahl an Rezidiven dar. Ob die Gründe hierfür in der Zwerchfellrekonstruktion, Speiseröhrenlänge, Fundoplicatio oder Netzaugmentation liegen, wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde die operative Versorgung des Thoraxmagens von 124 Patienten des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg im Zeitraum von September 2008 bis Juni 2015 untersucht. Hierfür war neben den perioperativen Daten auch die Rezidiv- und Letalitätsrate von Relevanz. Das Patientenkollektiv wurde sowohl in Hinblick auf das Lebensalter als auch auf die verschiedenen Versorgungsarten analysiert. Um die postoperative Lebensqualität zu beurteilen, erfolgte die Patientenbefragung mit Hilfe eines Symptomfragebogens und dem Gastrointestinalen Lebensqualitätsindex nach Eypasch (GIQLI). Zusätzlich wurden 17 Patienten postoperativ mittels MRT untersucht, um eine optimierte MRT-Sequenz zur Beurteilung der Hiatusregion zu evaluieren. Im Vergleich der Altersgruppen zeigte sich trotz einer erhöhten Komorbiditätsrate bei dem Patientenkollektiv ≥ 75 Jahre (p=0,002) kein signifikanter Unterschied bei Betrachtung der intraoperativen Komplikationen. Die Rezidivrate lag unabhängig vom Alter bei 20,2% im Untersuchungszeitraum, jedoch konnte eine verminderte Rezidivrate bei Patienten mit U-Shape Versorgung (p=0,015) festgestellt werden. In der postoperativen Patientenbefragung zeigten sich 87,0% der Patienten, unabhängig vom Alter und der Versorgungsart, zufrieden mit dem Operationsergebnis und beschrieben ihren Zustand im Vergleich zu präoperativ als gebessert. Die Ergebnisse des GIQLI erbrachten in dem untersuchten Patientenkollektiv ein gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung erniedrigten Wert mit 95,4 Punkten. Die optimierte MRT-Sequenz zeichnete sich durch eine hohe diagnostische Konfidenz bei guter Bildqualität, kurzer Untersuchungsdauer und gleichzeitig hoher Akzeptanz der Patienten gegenüber dieser Art der Diagnostik aus. Zusammenfassend stellt die operative Versorgung von Thoraxmägen, unabhängig des Patientenalters, eine sichere Therapieform dar, die zu einer hohen Patientenzufriedenheit führt. Die modifizierte MRT-Untersuchung hat sich als diagnostische Methode bewährt und stellt eine Alternative zu strahlenexponierenden oder von Seiten der Patienten weniger gut tolerierten Untersuchungsmodalitäten dar. N2 - Giant hiatal hernias occur due to a circular weak point of the phrenic esophageal membrane with a gradual dislocation of the gastric cardia and the esophagus in mediastinal direction. Therapy of these giant hiatal hernias can be approached conservative, in the sense of “watchful waiting”, or surgically. Due to the possible complications however, the American guidelines highly recommend elective surgery. A central problem in hiatal hernia surgery is the high number of recurrences. Whether this is due to the art of reconstruction of the diaphragm, the length of the esophagus, the fundoplication or the mesh augmentation is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, the surgical treatments of 124 patients with giant hiatal hernias were examined at the University Hospital Würzburg from September 2008 to June 2015. In addition to the perioperative data, the recurrence- and mortality rates were also taken into consideration. The patient collective was analyzed in regard to age, as well as the various types of care. In order to assess the postoperative quality of life, the patient survey was conducted with the help of a symptom questionnaire and the gastrointestinal quality of life index according to Eypasch (GIQLI). Furthermore, to evaluate an optimized MRI sequence for assessing the hiatus region, 17 patients were examined postoperatively using MRI. When comparing the different groups of age it appeared, that even with an increased comorbidity rate in the age ≥ 75 (p=0,002), there was no significant difference in intraoperative complications. Regardless of age, the recurrence rate was 20.2% in the study period. However, a reduced recurrence rate was found in patients with U-shape restoration (p=0.015). In the postoperative patient survey, 87.0% of the patients, regardless of age and type of care, stated to be satisfied with the result of the operation and also described their condition as improved in comparison to their preoperatively status. The results of the GIQLI showed a lower value compared to the general population, with 95.4 points in the examined patient group. The optimized MRT sequence was characterized by a high diagnostic confidence with a good image quality, short examination times and high patient acceptance for this diagnostic method. In summary, the surgical treatment of giant hiatal hernias is a safe type of therapy that leads to a high level of patient satisfaction, regardless of the patients age. The modified MRI examination was shown to be a valid diagnostic method and represents an alternative to other examination modalities that lead to radiation exposition or tend to be less tolerated by the patient. KW - Zwerchfellkrankheit KW - Zwerchfellbruch KW - Laparoskopie KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Thoraxmagen KW - Gastrointestinaler Lebensqualitätsindex nach Eypasch (GIQLI) Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-253018 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nordbeck, Arno Wilhelm T1 - Roux-en-Y Magenbypass spezifische metabolomische Veränderungen in Urin, Faeces und Plasma - Charakterisierung im Zucker (fa/fa) Rattenmodel T1 - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass specific metabolomic changes in urine, faeces and blood plasm – characterisation in a rodent model with Zucker (fa/fa) rats N2 - Es wurde ein etabliertes Tiermodell mit Zucker Ratten (fa/fa) verwendet, um postoperative, gewichtsverlustunabhängige metabolomische Effekte des Roux-en-Y Magenbypass (RYGB) zu ermitteln. Es galt Hypothesen zu generieren, welche globalen Metabolite die positiven Auswirkungen des Magenbypass verursachen können. Beispielsweise war γ-Amino-Buttersäure (GABA) fäkal nach RYGB vermehrt nachweisbar und somit ein potentieller Mediator für einen Bypass-spezifischen Effekt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Komplexität der metabolomischen Veränderungen durch RYGB und Nahrungsrestriktion. Die genauen Mechanismen nach metabolisch-bariatrischer Operation, die zu dem therapeutischen Effekt führen, bleiben weiterhin unklar, sodass es weiterer Studien bedarf, um kausale Zusammenhänge nachzuweisen. N2 - A rodent model with Zucker rats (fa/fa) was used to examine postoperative, weight-loss independent metabolomic effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of the study was to generate hypotheses which global metabolites could lead to the positive impact of RYGB. γ-aminobutyric acid was found in higher concentrations in the faeces after RYGB and therefore one possible mediator for a procedure-specific effect. The results show the complexity of metabolomic changes after RYBG and food restriction. The exact mechanisms after metabolic/bariatric surgery which cause the therapeutic effect remain unclear. There is a need for further studies to prove causal correlations. KW - Tiermodell KW - Magenbypass KW - Metabolom KW - Fettsucht KW - Magenchirurgie KW - RYGB KW - Zucker (fa/fa) Ratten KW - metabolisch-bariatrische Operation KW - Bariatric/metabolic surgery KW - Zucker (fa/fa) rats KW - RYGB Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268694 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Riegel, Johannes A1 - Wagner, Johanna A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Walles, Thorsten A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A1 - Loeb, Stefan A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Steger, Ulrich A1 - Klein, Ingo T1 - The impact of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with previously resected colorectal cancer liver metastases JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background 40–50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will develop liver metastases (CRLM) during the course of the disease. One third of these patients will additionally develop pulmonary metastases. Methods 137 consecutive patients with CRLM, were analyzed regarding survival data, clinical, histological data and treatment. Results were stratified according to the occurrence of pulmonary metastases and metastases resection. Results 39% of all patients with liver resection due to CRLM developed additional lung metastases. 44% of these patients underwent subsequent pulmonary resection. Patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy showed a significantly better five-year survival compared to patients not qualified for curative resection (5-year survival 71.2% vs. 28.0%; p = 0.001). Interestingly, the 5-year survival of these patients was even superior to all patients with CRLM, who did not develop pulmonary metastases (77.5% vs. 63.5%; p = 0.015). Patients, whose pulmonary metastases were not resected, were more likely to redevelop liver metastases (50.0% vs 78.6%; p = 0.034). However, the rate of distant metastases did not differ between both groups (54.5 vs.53.6; p = 0.945). Conclusion The occurrence of colorectal lung metastases after curative liver resection does not impact patient survival if pulmonary metastasectomy is feasible. Those patients clearly benefit from repeated resections of the liver and the lung metastases. KW - hepatic resection KW - surgical resection KW - lung resection KW - curative resection KW - metastasis KW - colorectal cancer KW - cancer treatment KW - surgical oncology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158036 VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Widder, Anna Ursula T1 - Einfluss unterschiedlicher Lehrmethoden zum Vermitteln laparoskopischer Fertigkeiten – eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie T1 - Optimizing laparoscopic training efficacy by ‘deconstruction into key steps’ - a randomized controlled trial N2 - Hintergrund. Training an Simulatoren ist eine effektive Methode zum Erlernen laparoskopischer Fertigkeiten. Dennoch besteht weiterhin die Notwendigkeit, Lehrmethoden zu optimieren, um praktischen Übungsaufwand zu reduzieren. In dieser Studie wurde die Auswirkung der mentalen Übung "deconstruction into key steps" (DIKS) auf die für den Erwerb laparoskopischer Fertigkeiten benötigte Zeit untersucht. Methoden. Medizinstudierende des 10. Fachsemesters nahmen an einem Laparoskopiekurs teil und wurden in zwei Gruppen randomisiert. Dabei wurde in der Experimentalgruppe (EG) eine Verkürzung der praktischen Übungszeit um 58% im Vergleich zur KG zu Gunsten des mentalen Trainings DIKS untersucht. Die laparoskopischen Eingangsfertigkeiten wurden an Simulatoren getestet (t0). Anschließend wurde der Lernerfolg in einer zweiten Prüfung kontrolliert (t1). Nach neun Tagen erfolgte eine dritte Prüfung (t2). Alle Messzeitpunkte wurden per Videomittschnitt nach validierten Kriterien bewertet. Potenzielle Prädiktoren wurden mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens standardisiert erhoben. Ergebnisse. Sowohl die EG (n=58) als auch die KG (n=58) wiesen einen signifikanten Lernzuwachs auf (p<0,001). Es zeichnete sich jedoch ein signifikanter Unterschied im Lernzuwachs in bestimmten Zeitabschnitten ab. Die KG zeigte einen signifikant höheren Lernzuwachs von t0-t1. Nach einer Woche wurde der Vorsprung der KG bei einem signifikant besseren Lernzuwachs der EG im zweiten Abschnitt egalisiert. Motivierte sowie geschickte Studierende zeigten eine signifikant bessere Leistung in Qualität und Quantität. Männern war es möglich eine signifikant bessere Leistung in Qualität und Quantität zu erzielen. Schlussfolgerung. Während initial ein verlängertes praktisches Üben zu einer unmittelbaren Leistungssteigerung führte, wurde durch die zusätzliche mentale Übung ’DIKS‘ bei gleichzeitig verkürzter praktischer Übungszeit ein gleichwertiges Ergebnis erreicht. N2 - Background. Simulator training is an effective means of acquiring laparoscopic skills, but there remains a need to optimize teaching methods to reduce learning times. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the mental exercise ‘deconstruction into key steps’ (DIKS) on the time needed to acquire laparoscopic skills. Methods. Undergraduate medical students were randomized into two groups during a structured laparoscopic training course. The intervention group (IG) was trained using the DIKS approach, while the control group (CG) underwent the standard course. The laparoscopic performance of all participants was video-recorded at baseline (t0), after the first session (t1), and nine days later after the second session (t2). Videos were assessed by two double-blinded raters. Potential covariates of students (gender, age, prior laparoscopic experience, self-assessed motivation, and dexterity) were evaluated by using a questionnaire. Results. Both the IG (n=58) and the CG (n=58) had improved performance after the training course (p<0.001), but with notable differences in specific time-points. Whereas the CG showed a significantly higher learning gain from t0 – t1 (p<0.05), the IG outperformed the CG from t1 -t2, (p<0.05). High motivation and self-assessed dexterity positively influenced participants’ performance. Male participants demonstrated significantly higher overall performance. DIKS shortened practical exercise time by 58%. Conclusion. DIKS can reduce the time required for practical training on a simulator in untrained participants. Dexterity, motivation, and gender influence performance in laparoscopic training and should be considered in further training on real patients. KW - Laparoskopie KW - Lerntechnik KW - laparoscopic skills KW - teaching methods KW - deconstruction into key steps KW - laparoscopic course KW - Lehrmethoden KW - Laparoskopietraining KW - Basisfertigkeiten Laparoskopie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-271869 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schlüter, Dominique Carolin T1 - Präoperative Leberfunktionsevaluation mittels LiMAx Test beim Hepatozellulären Karzinom T1 - Preoperative liver function evaluation by LiMAx test in hepatocellular carcinoma N2 - Die Therapieentscheidung beim HCC richtet sich derzeit nach den BCLC-Kriterien. Die effektivste Therapieoption, eine Resektion, wird allerdings nur in den frühen Stadien empfohlen. Um postoperative Komplikationen zu vermeiden, benötigt es unter anderem eine effiziente präoperative Leberfunktionsevaluation zur Auswahl der Resektionskandidaten. Frühere Studien konnten zeigen, dass der LiMAx-Test hierfür geeignet ist. Da aber Daten zu HCC-Patienten noch fehlen, war das Ziel dieser Studie zu untersuchen, ob der LiMAx-Test die präoperative Evaluation von HCC-Patienten erleichtert und so die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität insbesondere für Patienten mit Leberzirrhose gesenkt werden kann. Insgesamt erhielten 92 HCC Patienten zur Therapieevaluation eine LiMAx-Messung und wurden in eine Gruppe mit Zirrhose (LZ-Gruppe) und eine ohne (NL-Gruppe) eingeteilt und miteinander verglichen. Jeder Fall wurde in einer Tumorkonferenz besprochen und anhand der erhobenen Leberfunktionsparameter entschieden. 46 Patienten erhielten eine Resektion, 46 wurden abgelehnt, 17 aufgrund zu schlechter LiMAx-Ergebnisse. Die LiMAx-Werte der Resezierten waren mit 388 vs. 322µg/kg/h höher als die der abgelehnten Patienten (p=0,004). Zudem waren sie ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für eine Leberzirrhose und Prädiktoren für eine unzureichende Leberfunktionsreserve. Ein unterer Grenzwert von 221µg/kg/h wurde ermittelt, bei welchem auch bei Zirrhosepatienten eine Resektion noch sicher durchgeführt werden kann. Generell gab es in der LZ-Gruppe nicht mehr postoperative Komplikationen als in der NL-Gruppe. Eine Vorhersage zur Entwicklung eines postoperativen Leberversagens durch den LiMAx-Test konnte in unserer Studie nicht gezeigt werden. Präoperativ eingesetzt, ermöglicht der LiMAx-Test somit eine effektive und sichere Evaluation von HCC Patienten, die von einer Resektion profitieren, mit niedriger postoperativer Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate, sowohl bei Patienten mit oder ohne Leberzirrhose. N2 - The treatment decision in HCC is currently based on the BCLC criteria. However, the most effective therapeutic option, resection, is recommended only in the early stages. To avoid postoperative complications, it requires, among other things, an efficient preoperative liver function evaluation to select resection candidates. Previous studies have shown that the LiMAx test is suitable for this purpose. However, since data on HCC patients are still lacking, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the LiMAx test can facilitate the preoperative evaluation of HCC patients and thus reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality, especially for patients with liver cirrhosis. A total of 92 HCC patients received LiMAx measurement for treatment evaluation and were divided into a group with cirrhosis (LZ group) and one without (NL group) and afterwards compared. Each case was discussed in a tumor conference and a decision was made based on the liver function parameters obtained. 46 patients received resection, 46 were rejected, and 17 because of too poor LiMAx results. The LiMAx values of the resected patients were higher than those of the rejected patients, 388 vs. 322µg/kg/h (p=0.004). Moreover, they were an independent risk factor for liver cirrhosis and predictors of inadequate liver functional reserve. A lower limit of 221µg/kg/h was identified at which resection can still be safely performed even in cirrhotic patients. In general, there were no more postoperative complications in the LZ group than in the NL group. A prediction of the development of postoperative liver failure by the LiMAx test could not be shown in our study. Thus, used preoperatively, the LiMAx test allows an effective and safe evaluation of HCC patients who benefit from resection, with low postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, both in patients with or without liver cirrhosis. KW - Leberfunktion KW - Hepatozelluläres Karzinom KW - Leberresektion KW - Leberversagen KW - Leberfunktionsevaluation KW - LiMAx-Test KW - Leberfunktionsreserve KW - liver function capacity Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254478 ER - TY - THES A1 - Döring, Anna Maria T1 - Einfluss der minimalen Distanz zwischen Tumor und Resektatrand auf die Prognose kurativ resezierter Patienten mit hepatocellulärem Carcinom T1 - How the resection margin influences the survival after curative liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma N2 - Dies ist eine retrospektive unizentrische Analyse um den Einfluss des Resektionsabstandes auf prognostische Faktoren wie das rezidivfreie und Gesamtüberleben bei Patienten mit hepatocellulären Carcinom zu untersuchen. Es ließ sich kein Vorteil eines weiten (>5mm) tumorfreien Abstands zum Resektatrand gegenüber einem schmalen (5mm) tumorfreien Abstand nachweisen. Allerdings wurden andere tumor- und patientenspezifische unabhängige Risikofaktoren für das rezidivfreie und Gesamtüberleben identifiziert. So ist ein präoperativer AFP-Wert >15µg/l mit einem signifikant schlechteren krankheitsfreien und Gesamtüberleben assoziiert. Ebenso haben schlecht differenzierte (G3) HCCs, sowie HCC mit einer vaskulären Invasion (V1/V2) ein deutlich reduziertes rezidivfreies Überleben. Auch eine Tumorgröße >5cm war in dieser Studie ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für ein verkürztes Gesamtüberleben. N2 - This is a retrospective single center study regarding the influence of the resection margin after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we identified all patients undergoing liver resection between 2004-2018 at the university hostpital Würzburg for curative intention with hepatocellular carcinoma. Regarding the resection margin the study group was dichtomised in two groups, the LRwide group (resection margin >5mm) and the LRnarrow group (resection margin 5mm). We could not find a difference in disease free or overall survival between the groups. Nevertheless, we could identify the preoperative AFP levels >15µg/l to be an independent risk factor for worse disease free and overall survival. Also, large tumors (>5cm) are associates with reduced overall survival. KW - Leberzellkrebs KW - Leberresektion KW - Resektionsabstand KW - margin KW - Alpha Fetoprotein Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276687 ER - TY - THES A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin Lukas T1 - Der antiproliferative Effekt des RNA-Polymerase I Inhibitors CX-5461 in Zellen kolorektaler Karzinomzelllinien auf zellulärer und molekularer Ebene T1 - The antiproliferative effects of RNA Polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 in colorectal cancer cell lines on a cellular and molecular level N2 - Die halbmaximale (Proliferations-) inhibitorische Konzentration (IC50) vom RNA-Polymerase I-Inhibitor CX-5461 liegt für die getesteten sieben humanen kolorektalen Karzinomzell¬linien zwischen 0,7 und 3,1 µmol/L, für nicht-transformierte Fibroblasten bei 8,1 µmol/L. Der deutlich stärkere antiproliferative Effekt von CX-5461 auf Tumorzellen lässt somit ein mögliches therapeutisches Fenster erkennen. CX-5461 (1 µmol/L und weniger) induziert einen persistierenden Zellzyklus-arretierten Zellphänotyp mit Seneszenz-assoziierter (SA) -Galaktosidase-Aktivität (SA-β-Gal). Die durch CX-5461 ausgelöste verringerte Synthese ribosomaler RNA (rRNA)-Transkripte im Nucleolus, ein Subkompartiment des Nucleus, in dem die Transkription der ribosomalen DNA und Bildung von Prä-Ribosomen stattfinden, hat eine Störung der Ribosomen¬biogenese zur Folge. Diese als nucleolärer Stress bezeichnete Situation ist mit zahlreichen Einzelphänomen assoziiert wie der Akkumulation ribosomaler Proteine aufgrund eines durch CX-5461 verursachten Missverhältnisses bei der Synthese ribosomaler Proteine und rRNAs. Auch kommt es bei nucleolärem Stress zur Aktivierung Zellzykusarrest-führender Signalwege vermittelt durch DNA-Damage-Response, p53 und Retinoblastom (Rb). Die durch CX-5461 induzieren seneszenten Zellen lassen sich durch Kombination mit dem Bcl-Inhibitor und Senotlytikum Navitoclax in Apoptose überführen. Das kombinierte Strategiekonzept demonstriert, dass der pro-proliferative Phänotyp von Tumorzellen mit CX-5461 durch Induktion von Seneszenz effektiv gestoppt werden kann, um anschließend diese Zellen mit dem Bcl-Inhibitor Navitoclax gezielt in Apoptose zu überführen. Der durch CX-5461 ausgelöste seneszente Zellphänotyp zeigt sich sensitiv gegenüber dem Apoptose-auslösenden Effekt von Navitoclax – im Ggs. zu nicht-seneszenten Zellen. Basierend auf diesem Konzept deutet sich eine potentielle neue Strategie für eine Tumortherapie an, deren Grundlage die kombinierte Adressierung der beiden antiproliferativen Phänomene Seneszenz und Apoptose in soliden Tumorzellen wie dem kolorektalen Karzinom darstellt. N2 - The antiproliferative effects of CX-5461, a RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) inhibitor, measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50-value) in seven human colorectal cancer cell lines, ranged between IC50=0.7 µmol/L and IC50=3.1 µmol/L CX-5461. In contrast, non-transformed fibroblast control cells demonstrated an IC50-value of 8.1 µmol/L. This difference in IC50 values between tumor cells and normal cells that demonstrate a stronger antiproliferative effect of CX-5461 in tumor cells may open a relevant therapeutic window. CX-5461 induced a persistent state of cell-cycle-arrested cells with senescence-associated (SA) -Galactosidase positivity. CX-5461 negatively influences the ribosome biogenesis that takes place in the nucleolus, a nuclear sub-compartment and the cellular site of transcription of ribosomal DNA and pre-ribosome formation. CX-5461 mediated deficient ribosome biogenesis due to a mismatch of reduced ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosomal protein synthesis caused nucleolar stress. A nucleolar stress response led to different molecular phenomena within the cell. For CX-5461 induced nucleolar stress, main sequences were the accumulation of ribosomal proteins within the nucleolus and activation of different signal pathways involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest mediated by DNA Damage Response (DDR) signals as well as p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) dependent pathways. The antiproliferative effects of CX-5461 were enhanced using the pro-apoptotic Bcl-inhibitor and senolytic Navitoclax, inducing apoptosis in the tumor cells. The cellular senescent phenotype as consequence of RNA Pol I inhibition by CX-5461 was sensitive to the pro-apoptotic Navitoclax in contrast to non-senescent cells. The results of this thesis confirm a perspective for an anti-tumor-specific therapeutic strategy addressing the two antiproliferative phenomena senescence and apoptosis in solid tumor cells like the colorectal carcinoma. KW - Dickdarmkrebs KW - Ribosom KW - ribosomale RNS KW - RNS Polymerase I KW - CX-5461 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265033 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kusan, Simon A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Kim, Mia A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance in patients suffering from penetrating Crohn's disease JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Intraabdominal abscess formation occurs in up to 30% of patients suffering from Crohn's disease (CD). While international guidelines recommend a step-up approach with a combination of empiric antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage to delay or even avoid surgery, evidence about microbial spectrum in penetrating ileitis is sparse. We retrospectively assessed outcomes of 46 patients with terminal penetrating Ileitis where microbial diagnostics have been performed and compared microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance profile of CD patients with patients suffering from diverticulitis with intraabdominal abscess formation. In both groups, the most frequently isolated pathogen was the gram-negative bacterium E. coli belonging to the family of Enterobacterales. However, overall Enterobacterales were significantly more often verifiable in the control group than in CD patients. Furthermore, microbial analysis showed significant differences regarding isolation of anaerobic pathogens with decreased frequency in patients with CD. Subgroup analysis of CD patients to evaluate a potential influence of immunosuppressive therapy on microbial spectrum only revealed that Enterobacterales was less frequently detected in patients treated with steroids. Immunosuppressive therapy did not show any impact on all other groups of pathogens and did not change antibiotic resistance profile of CD patients. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that the microbial spectrum of CD patients does differ only for some pathogen species without increased rate of antibiotic resistance. However, the empiric antibiotic therapy for CD-associated intra-abdominal abscess remains challenging since different points such as local epidemiological and microbiological data, individual patient risk factors, severity of infection, and therapy algorithm including non-surgical and surgical therapy options should be considered before therapeutical decisions are made. KW - Crohn's disease KW - intraabdominal abscess KW - penetrating ileitis KW - microbial spectrum KW - antibiotic resistance Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281835 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 15 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneemann, Christina T1 - Klinische Implikationen zur Versorgung von Schockraumpatienten – eine retrospektive Fall-Kontroll-Studie zu Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen T1 - Clinical implications for emergency room care - a retrospective case-control study of fracture-associated vascular injuries N2 - Fraktur-assoziierte Gefäßverletzungen sind seltene, aber potentiell lebensbedrohliche Unfallfolgen. Durch komplexe Verletzungsmuster stellen Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen eine gefäßchirurgische Notfallsituation dar und erfordern eine hohe Expertise seitens des behandelnden Schockraumteams. Diese retrospektive Studie untersuchte anhand von Patientendaten des Schockraums des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg im Zeitraum Dezember 2005 bis Dezember 2013, das Management von Patienten mit Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen im Extremitäten- und Beckenbereich. Es wurden Daten von N=64 Patienten mit Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen im Bereich der Extremitäten und des Beckens in einem Zeitraum von 8 Jahren ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden mit Patientendaten von N=60 Patienten mit Frakturen im Bereich der Extremitäten und des Beckens ohne Gefäßbeteiligung verglichen. Insbesondere wurden Aussagen über Diagnostik, Therapie und Outcome gewonnen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die unterschiedlichsten Trauma Score Systeme (GCS; ISS; RISC II) keine Hinweise auf das zusätzliche Vorliegen einer Gefäßverletzung liefern. Außerdem konnten erstmals die klinischen Auswirkungen einer zusätzlichen Gefäßverletzung auf das präklinische Flüssigkeitsmanagement und das Gerinnungssystem gezeigt werden. So könnten ein präklinisch erhöhter Flüssigkeitsbedarf und veränderte Gerinnungsparameter im Eingangslabor erste Hinweise auf eine zusätzliche Gefäßverletzung geben. Mit einer Gefäßverletzung muss unabhängig von der Frakturlokalisation, dem Verletzungsausmaß und dem protokollierten Trauma Score gerechnet werden. Beim geringsten Verdacht sollte eine gefäßchirurgische Vorstellung erfolgen. N2 - Fracture-associated vascular injuries are rare but potentially life-threatening consequences of accidents. Due to complex injury patterns, fracture-associated vascular injuries represent an emergency situation and require a high level of expertise on the part of the treating emergency room team. This retrospective study examined the management of patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries in the extremities and pelvic area using patient data from the emergency trauma room of the University Hospital Wuerzburg in the period of December 2005 to December 2013. Data from N = 64 patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries in the extremities and pelvis were evaluated over a period of 8 years. These data were compared with patient data from N = 60 patients with fractures in the extremities and pelvis without vascular involvement. Especially statements about diagnostics, therapy and outcome were obtained. It could be shown that the various trauma score systems (GCS; ISS; RISC II) do not provide any indications of the additional presence of a vascular injury. In addition, the clinical effects of an additional vascular injury on the preclinical fluid management and the coagulation system could be shown for the first time. A preclinical increased fluid requirement and changed coagulation parameters in the entry laboratory could provide the first indications of an additional vascular injury. A vascular injury must be expected regardless of the fracture location, the extent of the injury and the recorded trauma score. If there is the slightest suspicion, a vascular surgical presentation is necessary. KW - Gefäßverletzung KW - Trauma KW - Schockraum KW - emergency room KW - Frakturen Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223348 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tillenburg, Wolfgang T1 - Endovaskuläre Interventionen der unteren Extremitäten in Spinalanästhesie bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit: Übertrieben, gefährlich oder doch sinnvoll? T1 - Endovascular interventions of the lower extremities under spinal anesthesia for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: Excessive, dangerous or useful? N2 - Die Häufigkeit der endovaskulären Interventionen (EI) an den unteren Extremitäten zur Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) hat in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Bei steigender Inzidenz der pAVK und bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Rate mit operativen Interventionen (OI) profitieren die Patienten von der EI. Außerdem stieg die Anzahl der älteren Patienten, die aufgrund einer pAVK im Krankenhaus einer EI zugeführt wurden. Es zeigt sich eine Erweiterung der Indikationen für eine EI von den Claudicanten hin zu den Patienten mit den Stadien der kritischen Ischämie. Hierdurch werden gerade ältere und morbidere Patienten mit komplexeren endovaskulären Prozeduren konfrontiert. Insbesondere im Krankenhaus ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den pAVK-Patienten, die bisher eine OI mit einer anästhesiologischen Begleitung erhielten, eine EI in SPA anzubieten. In der Regel werden EI in Lokalanästhesie durchgeführt. Die Anwendung der SPA bei EI ist interessant, da es möglicherweise neben der kompletten Schmerzausschaltung der unteren Extremitäten bei erhaltener Kommunikation zu Synergieeffekten durch die periphere Vasodilatation kommen kann. Als ein seltenes Verfahren zur Verbesserung der peripheren Durchblutung hat dies die CT-gesteuerte temporäre Sympathikolyse nach erfolgter EI gezeigt. Um prospektiv zu untersuchen, ob eine EI in SPA eine Verbesserung des Outcome und des Behandlungsablaufs mit sich bringt, ist zunächst wichtig zu zeigen, dass die Anwendung von SPA bei EI nicht gefährlich ist. Hierzu stehen Daten aus der Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgischen Abteilung des Klinikums Main-Spessart zur Verfügung. Im Zeitraum vom 15.12.2009 bis 22.01.2015 wurden bei 59 Patienten EI in SPA durchgeführt. Bei keinem der 59 Patienten kam es durch die Anwendung der SPA zu anästhesieabhängigen Komplikationen. Als zu erwartende Nebenwirkung trat der durch temporäre Sympathikolyse ausgelöste Blutdruckabfall bei allen Patienten auf. Im Mittel sank der Wert um 24,2 % des Ausgangswerts, bei 13 Patienten (22,0 %) wurde eine Korrektur des Blutdruckabfalls mit Akrinor® durchgeführt und gut beherrscht. Für die Stärke des Blutdruckabfalls konnte keine Signifikanz bei der ASA-Einteilung, der Geschlechterverteilung und dem Alter nachgewiesen werden, somit besteht für eine EI in SPA keine Kontraindikation für den älteren und kränkeren pAVK-Patienten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation zeigen, dass die Anwendung der SPA bei EI ein sicheres Verfahren ist. Die SPA kann, gerade bei zu erwartenden komplexen peripheren EI eine für den Patienten und Interventionisten angenehme und sichere Alternative zur Lokalanästhesie sein. Der personelle und materialbedingte Aufwand einer EI in SPA, im Vergleich mit einer EI in Lokalanästhesie, ist dabei deutlich erhöht und scheint übertrieben. Dass die EI in SPA Synergieeffekte mit sich bringt und deshalb sinnvoll ist, kann nur vermutet werden. Dieser Zusammenhang könnte im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie, die beide Anästhesieverfahren für eine EI vergleicht, gezeigt werden. N2 - The frequency of endovascular interventions (EI) on the lower extremities for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) has increased in recent years. With an increasing incidence of PAOD and a simultaneous reduction in the rate of surgical interventions (SI), older patients in particular benefit from EI. There is an expansion of the indications for EI from claudicants (patients with intermittent claudication) to patients with the stages of critical ischemia. As a result, older and more morbid patients in particular are confronted with more complex endovascular procedures. In hospitals in particular, there is the possibility of offering PAOD patients who have previously received an SI with anesthesiology accompaniment an EI in spinal anesthesia (SPA). Usually, EI are performed under local anesthesia. The use of SPA for EI is interesting because, in addition to the complete elimination of pain in the lower extremities, if communication with the patient is maintained, there may be synergy effects due to peripheral vasodilation. In order to investigate prospectively whether an EI in SPA leads to an improvement in the outcome and the treatment process, it is first important to show that the use of SPA in EI is not dangerous. Data from 59 patients were available. No anesthesia-related complications occurred in any of these 59 patients. As an expected side effect, the drop in blood pressure caused by temporary sympathicolysis occurred in all patients. On average, the value fell by 24.2% from the initial value; in 13 patients (22.0%), the drop in blood pressure was corrected with Akrinor® and was well controlled. For the severity of the drop in blood pressure, no significance could be demonstrated in the ASA classification, gender distribution and age, so there is no contraindication for EI in SPA for older and sicker PAOD patients. The results of this dissertation show that the use of SPA in EI is a safe procedure. The SPA can be a comfortable and safe alternative to local anesthesia for the patient and the interventionist, especially when complex peripheral EI is expected. The personnel and material-related expenditure of an EI in a SPA, compared to an EI in local anesthesia, is significantly higher and seems excessive. It can only be assumed that the EI in SPA brings synergy effects and therefore makes sense. This relationship could possibly be shown in a prospective study comparing both anesthetic methods for an EI. KW - Endovascular Therapie KW - Angiologie KW - Perkutane transluminale Angioplastie KW - Spinalanästhesie KW - Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit KW - Endovaskuläre Intervention Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Schmidt, Stefanie A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin A1 - Baluapuri, Apoorva A1 - Denk, Sarah A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias T. A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Roehrig, Florian A1 - Ade, Carsten P. A1 - Schuelein-Voelk, Christina A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus E. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wolf, Elmar A1 - Eilers, Martin A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - RNA polymerase I inhibition induces terminal differentiation, growth arrest, and vulnerability to senolytics in colorectal cancer cells JF - Molecular Oncology N2 - Ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis are deregulated in most cancers, suggesting that interfering with translation machinery may hold significant therapeutic potential. Here, we show that loss of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), which constitutes the initiating event in the adenoma carcinoma sequence for colorectal cancer (CRC), induces the expression of RNA polymerase I (RNAPOL1) transcription machinery, and subsequently upregulates ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription. Targeting RNAPOL1 with a specific inhibitor, CX5461, disrupts nucleolar integrity, and induces a disbalance of ribosomal proteins. Surprisingly, CX5461-induced growth arrest is irreversible and exhibits features of senescence and terminal differentiation. Mechanistically, CX5461 promotes differentiation in an MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (MIZ1)- and retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibition of RNAPOL1 renders CRC cells vulnerable towards senolytic agents. We validated this therapeutic effect of CX5461 in murine- and patient-derived organoids, and in a xenograft mouse model. These results show that targeting ribosomal biogenesis together with targeting the consecutive, senescent phenotype using approved drugs is a new therapeutic approach, which can rapidly be transferred from bench to bedside. KW - CRC KW - CX5461 KW - MIZ1 KW - MYC KW - ribosome KW - RNAPOL1 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312806 VL - 16 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - The revival of surgery in Crohn's disease — early intestinal resection as a reasonable alternative in localized ileitis JF - Biomedicines N2 - Crohn's disease (CD) represents a heterogeneous and complex disease with no curative therapeutic option available to date. Current therapy is mainly antibody-based focusing on the immune system while other treatment alternatives such as surgery are considered to be “last options”. However, medical therapy for CD results in mild to severe side effects in a relevant amount of patients and some patients do not respond to the medication. Following that, quality of life is often significantly reduced in this patient cohort, thus, therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Updated evidence has revealed that surgery such as ileocecal resection (ICR) might be a potential therapeutic option in case of localized terminal ileitis since resection at early time points improves quality of life and significantly reduces the postoperative need for immunosuppressive medication with low rates of morbidity. In addition, new surgical approaches such as Kono-S anastomosis or inclusion of the mesentery result in significantly reduced rates of disease recurrence and reoperation. Based on the new evidence, the goal of this review is to provide an update on the role of surgery as a reasonable alternative to medical therapy in the interdisciplinary treatment of patients with CD. KW - surgery KW - Crohn's disease KW - terminal ileitis KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - surgical outcome Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246296 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köhler, Franziska A1 - Reese, Lena A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Müller, Sophie A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Surgical site infection following single-port appendectomy: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis JF - Frontiers in Surgery N2 - Introduction Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common postoperative complications after appendectomy leading to recurrent surgery, prolonged hospital stay, and the use of antibiotics. Numerous studies and meta-analyses have been published on the effect of open versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) reporting faster postoperative recovery and less postoperative pain for CLA. A development from CLA has been the single-port appendectomy (SPA), associated with a better cosmesis but seemingly having a higher risk of wound infections. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether reduced port or SPA alters the ratio of SSIs. Methods Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were screened for suitable articles. All articles published between January 1, 2002, and March 23, 2022, were included. Articles regarding children below the age of 18 were excluded as well as manuscripts that investigated solemnly open appendectomies. Articles were screened for inclusion criteria by two independent authors. Incidence of SSI was the primary outcome. Duration of operation and length of hospital stay were defined as secondary outcomes. Results A total of 25 studies were found through a database search describing 5484 patients. A total of 2749 patients received SPA and 2735 received CLA. There was no statistical difference in the rate of SSI (P = 0.98). A total of 22 studies including 4699 patients reported the duration of operation (2223 SPA and 2476 CLA). There was a significantly shorter operation time seen in CLA. The length of hospital stay was reported in 23 studies (4735 patients: 2235 SPA and 2500 CLA). A shorter hospital stay was seen in the SPA group (P < 0.00001). Separately performed analysis of randomized controlled trials could not confirm this effect (P = 0.29). Discussion SPA is an equally safe procedure considering SSI compared to CLA and does not lead to an increased risk of SSI. A longer operation time for SPA and a minor difference in the length of stay does lead to the use of SPA in selected patients only. KW - appendicitis KW - appendectomy KW - surgical site infection KW - single-port appendectomy KW - conventional laparoscopic appendectomy KW - wound infection KW - SSI Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276943 SN - 2296-875X VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Meir, Michael A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Lenschow, Christina A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schneider, Michael A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Suppurative thyroiditis caused by ingested fish bone in the thyroid gland: a case report on its diagnostics and surgical therapy JF - BMC Surgery N2 - Background Accidental ingestion of fish bone is a common cause of otolaryngological emergency. Migration of the ingested bone into the thyroid gland, however, occurs very rarely. The associated clinical presentation, symptoms and duration of discomfort are also highly variable between patients and can be diagnostically challenging. Case presentation Here, we report the case of a 71-year-old female patient presenting with an ingested fish bone that migrated into the right thyroid lobe as a rare cause of suppurative thyroiditis with the clinical features of sepsis. We outline the diagnostic approach, peri- and intraoperative management as well as complications. It is proposed that besides endoscopy, imaging methods such as ultrasound or computed tomography may be necessary to verify the diagnosis and location of an ingested fish bone. Prompt surgical removal of the foreign body and resection of the infectious focus is recommended to minimize the risk of local inflammation, recurrent nerve lesions and septic complications arising from the spread of infection. Conclusion Fish bone migration into the thyroid gland is an extremely rare event, the successful detection and surgical management of which can be achieved through a careful interdisciplinary approach. KW - fish bone KW - foreign body ingestion KW - thyroid gland KW - thyroiditis KW - case report KW - surgical management Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299775 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Willms, A. G. A1 - Schwab, R. A1 - von Websky, M. W. A1 - Berrevoet, F. A1 - Tartaglia, D. A1 - Sörelius, K. A1 - Fortelny, R. H. A1 - Björck, M. A1 - Monchal, T. A1 - Brennfleck, F. A1 - Bulian, D. A1 - Beltzer, C. A1 - Germer, C. T. A1 - Lock, J. F. T1 - Factors influencing the fascial closure rate after open abdomen treatment: Results from the European Hernia Society (EuraHS) Registry. Surgical technique matters JF - Hernia N2 - Purpose Definitive fascial closure is an essential treatment objective after open abdomen treatment and mitigates morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of evidence on factors that promote or prevent definitive fascial closure. Methods A multi-center multivariable analysis of data from the Open Abdomen Route of the European Hernia Society included all cases between 1 May 2015 and 31 December 2019. Different treatment elements, i.e. the use of a visceral protective layer, negative-pressure wound therapy and dynamic closure techniques, as well as patient characteristics were included in the multivariable analysis. The study was registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Registry for Clinical Trials (DRK00021719). Results Data were included from 630 patients from eleven surgical departments in six European countries. Indications for OAT were peritonitis (46%), abdominal compartment syndrome (20.5%), burst abdomen (11.3%), abdominal trauma (9%), and other conditions (13.2%). The overall definitive fascial closure rate was 57.5% in the intention-to-treat analysis and 71% in the per-protocol analysis. The multivariable analysis showed a positive correlation of negative-pressure wound therapy (odds ratio: 2.496, p < 0.001) and dynamic closure techniques (odds ratio: 2.687, p < 0.001) with fascial closure and a negative correlation of intra-abdominal contamination (odds ratio: 0.630, p = 0.029) and the number of surgical procedures before OAT (odds ratio: 0.740, p = 0.005) with DFC. Conclusion The clinical course and prognosis of open abdomen treatment can significantly be improved by the use of treatment elements such as negative-pressure wound therapy and dynamic closure techniques, which are associated with definitive fascial closure. KW - open abdomen KW - peritonitis KW - fascial closure KW - hernia KW - abdominal compartment syndrome KW - abdominal trauma KW - burst abdomen KW - NPWT KW - VAC Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234871 SN - 1265-4906 VL - 26 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metzner, Valentin A1 - Herzog, Gloria A1 - Heckel, Tobias A1 - Bischler, Thorsten A1 - Hasinger, Julia A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich T1 - Liraglutide + PYY\(_{3-36}\) combination therapy mimics effects of Roux-en-Y bypass on early NAFLD whilst lacking-behind in metabolic improvements JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: Treatment options for NAFLD are still limited. Bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), has been shown to improve metabolic and histologic markers of NAFLD. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues lead to improvements in phase 2 clinical trials. We directly compared the effects of RYGB with a treatment using liraglutide and/or peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) in a rat model for early NAFLD. Methods: Obese male Wistar rats (high-fat diet (HFD)-induced) were randomized into the following treatment groups: RYGB, sham-operation (sham), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg/day), PYY\(_{3-36}\) (0.1 mg/kg/day), liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\), and saline. After an observation period of 4 weeks, liver samples were histologically evaluated, ELISAs and RNA sequencing + RT-qPCRs were performed. Results: RYGB and liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\) induced a similar body weight loss and, compared to sham/saline, marked histological improvements with significantly less steatosis. However, only RYGB induced significant metabolic improvements (e.g., adiponectin/leptin ratio 18.8 ± 11.8 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 in liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\)- or 1.4 ± 0.9 in sham-treated rats). Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed a high number of differentially regulated genes in RYGB treated animals only. Conclusions: The combination therapy of liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\) partly mimics the positive effects of RYGB on weight reduction and on hepatic steatosis, while its effects on metabolic function lack behind RYGB. KW - liraglutide KW - GLP-1 KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) KW - RYGB KW - gastric bypass KW - obesity KW - NASH KW - NAFLD Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255244 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Eichlinger, Robin A1 - Brand, Markus A1 - Kim, Mia A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Krajinovic, Katica A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Early Ileocecal Resection Is an Effective Therapy in Isolated Crohn’s Disease JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Despite the increasing incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s Disease (CD), no curative options exist and treatment remains complex. While therapy has mainly focused on medical approaches in the past, growing evidence reveals that in cases of limited inflammation, surgery can suffice as an alternative primary treatment. We retrospectively assessed the disease course and outcomes of 103 patients with terminal Ileitis who underwent primary surgery (n = 29) or received primary medical treatment followed by surgery (n = 74). Primary endpoint was the need for immunosuppressive medication after surgical treatment (ileocecal resection, ICR) during a two-years follow-up. Rates for laparoscopic ICR were enhanced in case of early surgery, but no differences were seen for postoperative complications. In case of immunosuppressive medication, patients with ICR at an early state of disease needed significantly less anti-inflammatory medication during the two-year postoperative follow-up compared to patients who were primarily treated medically. Furthermore, in a subgroup analysis for patients with localized ileocecal disease manifestation, early surgery consistently resulted in a decreased amount of medical therapy postoperatively. In conclusion primary ICR is safe and effective in patients with limited CD, and the need for immunosuppressive medication during the postoperative follow-up is low compared to patients receiving surgery at a later stage of disease. KW - Crohn’s Disease KW - surgical therapy KW - ileocecal resection Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228822 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel A1 - Arnold, Charlotte A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Stopper, Helga T1 - Decreased chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of obese patients after bariatric surgery JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The number of bariatric surgeries being performed worldwide has markedly risen. While the improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities after bariatric surgery is well-established, very little is known about its impact on cancer risk. The peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus test is a widely used method for the monitoring of chromosomal damage levels in vivo, and micronucleus frequency positively correlates with cancer risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the micronucleus frequency before and after bariatric surgery in obese subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 45 obese subjects before and at two time-points after bariatric surgery (6 and 12 months) to assess spontaneous micronucleus frequency. Consistent with the increased cancer risk previously shown, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss led to a significant reduction in lymphocyte micronucleus frequency after 12 months. Interestingly, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome further seemed to have an impact on the lymphocyte micronucleus frequency. Our findings may indicate a successful reduction of cancer risk in patients following weight loss caused by bariatric surgery. KW - obesity KW - bariatric surgery KW - cancer risk Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177090 VL - 8 IS - 11195 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Muysoms, Filip A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. T1 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie II: Robotische primär ventrale und inzisionale Hernienversorgung (rv-TAPP und r-Rives/r-TARUP). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 118 Patienten JF - Der Chirurg N2 - Die endoskopische Versorgung von Umbilikal- und Inzisionalhernien hat sich in den vergangenen 30 Jahren an die Limitationen der konventionellen laparoskopischen Instrumente angepasst. Dazu gehört die Entwicklung von Netzen für die intraperitoneale Lage (intraperitoneales Onlay-Mesh, IPOM) mit antiadhäsiven Beschichtungen; allerdings kommt es bei einem beträchtlichen Teil dieser Patienten doch zu Adhäsionen. Minimal-invasive Verfahren führen zu weniger perioperativen Komplikationen, bei einer etwas höheren Rezidivrate. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik, die abgewinkelte Instrumente anbietet, besteht erstmals die Möglichkeit, Netze minimal-invasiv in unterschiedliche Bauchdeckenschichten zu implantieren und gleichzeitig eine morphologische und funktionelle Rekonstruktion der Bauchdecke zu erreichen. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung von Ventral- und Inzisionalhernien mit Netzimplantation in den präperitonealen Raum (robotische ventrale transabdominelle präperitoneale Patchplastik, rv-TAPP) sowie in den retrorektalen Raum (r-Rives bzw. robotische transabdominelle retromuskuläre umbilikale Patchplastik [r-TARUP]) präsentiert. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 118 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf den Mehrwert der robotischen Technik in der Extraperitonealisierung der Netze und in der Weiterbildung diskutiert. KW - retrorektus Netz KW - Umbilikalhernie KW - Inzisionalhernie KW - primär ventrale Hernie KW - minimalinvasiv KW - linea alba Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264912 VL - 92 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jurowich, Christian A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Kastner, Caroline A1 - Haubitz, Imme A1 - Prock, Andre A1 - Filser, Jörg A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Laparoscopic versus open right hemicolectomy in colon carcinoma: A propensity score analysis of the DGAV StuDoQ|ColonCancer registry JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Objective To assess whether laparoscopy has any advantages over open resection for right-sided colon cancer. Summary background data Right hemicolectomy can be performed using either a conventional open or a minimally invasive laparoscopic technique. It is not clear whether these different access routes differ with regard to short-term postoperative outcomes. Methods Patients documented in the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery StuDoQ|ColonCancer registry who underwent right hemicolectomy were analyzed regarding early postoperative complications according to Clavien-Dindo (primary endpoint), operation (OP) time, length of postoperative hospital stay (LOS), MTL30 and number of lymph nodes retrieved (secondary endpoints). Results A total of 4.997 patients were identified as undergoing oncological right hemicolectomy without additional interventions. Of these, 4.062 (81.3%) underwent open, 935 (18.7%) laparoscopic surgery. Propensity score analysis showed a significantly shorter LOS (OR: 0.55 CI 95%0.47-.64) and a significantly longer OP time (OR2.32 CI 1.98–2.71) for the laparoscopic route. Risk factors for postoperative complications, anastomotic insufficiency, ileus, reoperation and positive MTL30 were higher ASA status, higher age and increasing BMI. The surgical access route (open / lap) had no influence on these factors, but the laparoscopic group did have markedly fewer lymph nodes retrieved. Conclusion The present registry-based analysis could detect no relevant advantages for the minimally invasive laparoscopic access route. Further oncological analyses are needed to clarify the extent to which the smaller lymph node harvest in the laparoscopic group is accompanied by a poorer oncological outcome. KW - Laparoscopy KW - Lymph nodes KW - Minimally invasive surgery KW - Surgical oncology KW - Oncology KW - Surgical and invasive medical procedures Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202184 VL - 14 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel A1 - Stipp, Franzisca A1 - Gerber, Johanna A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Heidland, August A1 - Bahner, Udo A1 - Stopper, Helga T1 - Effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and DNA repair activity in human blood samples in the comet assay JF - Archives of Toxicology N2 - The comet assay is a commonly used method to determine DNA damage and repair activity in many types of samples. In recent years, the use of the comet assay in human biomonitoring became highly attractive due to its various modified versions, which may be useful to determine individual susceptibility in blood samples. However, in human biomonitoring studies, working with large sample numbers that are acquired over an extended time period requires some additional considerations. One of the most important issues is the storage of samples and its effect on the outcome of the comet assay. Another important question is the suitability of different blood preparations. In this study, we analysed the effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and repair activity in human blood samples. In addition, we investigated the suitability of different blood preparations. The alkaline and FPG as well as two different types of repair comet assay and an in vitro hydrogen peroxide challenge were applied. Our results confirmed that cryopreserved blood preparations are suitable for investigating DNA damage in the alkaline and FPG comet assay in whole blood, buffy coat and PBMCs. Ex vivo hydrogen peroxide challenge yielded its optimal effect in isolated PBMCs. The utilised repair comet assay with either UVC or hydrogen peroxide-induced lesions and an aphidicolin block worked well in fresh PBMCs. Cryopreserved PBMCs could not be used immediately after thawing. However, a 16-h recovery with or without mitotic stimulation enabled the application of the repair comet assay, albeit only in a surviving cell fraction. KW - human biomonitoring KW - DNA damage KW - DNA repair KW - comet assay KW - blood samples Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265326 VL - 95 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silwedel, Christine A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Haarmann, Axel A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Claus, Heike A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Glaser, Kirsten T1 - Ureaplasma species modulate cytokine and chemokine responses in human brain microvascular endothelial cells JF - International Journal of Molecular Science N2 - Ureaplasma species are common colonizers of the adult genitourinary tract and often considered as low-virulence commensals. Intraamniotic Ureaplasma infections, however, facilitate chorioamnionitis and preterm birth, and cases of Ureaplasma-induced neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis raise a growing awareness of their clinical relevance. In vitro studies are scarce but demonstrate distinct Ureaplasma-driven impacts on immune mechanisms. The current study addressed cytokine and chemokine responses upon exposure of native or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-stimulated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to Ureaplasma urealyticum or U. parvum, using qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, multi-analyte immunoassay, and flow cytometry. Ureaplasma exposure in native HBMEC reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 mRNA expression (p < 0.01, vs. broth). In co-stimulated HBMEC, Ureaplasma spp. attenuated LPS-evoked mRNA responses for C-X-C chemokine ligand 5, MCP-1, and MCP-3 (p < 0.05, vs. LPS) and mitigated LPS-driven interleukin (IL)-1α protein secretion, as well as IL-8 mRNA and protein responses (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Ureaplasma isolates increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 mRNA levels in native and LPS co-stimulated HBMEC (p < 0.05). The presented results may imply immunomodulatory capacities of Ureaplasma spp. which may ultimately promote chronic colonization and long-term neuroinflammation. KW - Ureaplasma urealyticum KW - Ureaplasma parvum KW - neuroinflammation KW - meningitis KW - blood–brain barrier KW - HBMEC Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201848 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 20 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich A1 - Hasinger, Julia A1 - Königsrainer, Malina A1 - Corteville, Carolin A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Hankir, Mohamed A1 - Seyfried, Florian Johannes David T1 - Toward a Medical Gastric Bypass: Chronic Feeding Studies With Liraglutide + PYY\(_{3-36}\) Combination Therapy in Diet-Induced Obese Rats JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Background Combination therapies of anorectic gut hormones partially mimic the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. Thus far, the effects of a combined chronic systemic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) have not been directly compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in a standardized experimental setting. Methods High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male Wistar rats were randomized into six treatment groups: (1) RYGB, (2) sham-operation (shams), (3) liraglutide, (4) PYY\(_{3-36}\), (5) PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide (6), saline. Animals were kept on a free choice high- and low-fat diet. Food intake, preference, and body weight were measured daily for 4 weeks. Open field (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were performed. Results RYGB reduced food intake and achieved sustained weight loss. Combined PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide treatment led to similar and plateaued weight loss compared to RYGB. Combined PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide treatment was superior to PYY\(_{3-36}\) (p ≤ 0.0001) and liraglutide (p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) mono-therapy. PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide treatment and RYGB also reduced overall food intake and (less pronounced) high-fat preference compared to controls. The animals showed no signs of abnormal behavior in OF or EPM. Conclusions Liraglutide and PYY\(_{3-36}\) combination therapy vastly mimics reduced food intake, food choice and weight reducing benefits of RYGB. KW - obesity KW - rygb KW - liraglutide KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) KW - treatment KW - gastric bypass KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY3-36) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223113 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Kai S. A1 - Klinger, Carsten A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Buhr, Heinz-Johannes A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Safety of anastomoses in colorectal cancer surgery in octogenarians: a prospective cohort study with propensity score matching JF - BJS Open N2 - Background Up to 20 per cent of all operations for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are performed in octogenarians. Anastomotic leakage is a leading cause of morbidity and death after resection for CRC. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of anastomosis creation, the risk of anastomotic leakage and death in surgery for left-sided CRC in elderly patients. Methods This prospective cohort study compared patients less than 80 and 80 or more years with left-sided CRC resection performed between 2013 and 2019. Data were provided from a risk-adjusted surgical quality-assessment system with 219 participating centres in Germany. Outcome measures were the rate of anastomoses, anastomotic leakages, death at 30 days and 2-year overall survival (OS). Propensity score matching was used to control for selection bias and compare subgroups of patients of less than 80 and 80 or more years. Results Out of 18 959 patients, some 3169 (16.7 per cent) were octogenarians. Octogenarians were less likely to receive anastomoses (82.0 versus 92.9 per cent, P < 0.001; odds ratio 0.50 (95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.58), P < 0.001). The rate of anastomotic leakages did not differ between age groups (8.6 versus 9.7 per cent, P = 0.084), but 30-day mortality rate after leakage was significantly higher in octogenarians (15.8 versus 3.5 per cent, P < 0.001). Overall, anastomotic leakage was the strongest predictor for death (odds ratio 4.95 (95 per cent c.i. 3.66 to 6.66), P < 0.001). In the subgroup with no leakage, octogenarians had a lower 2-year OS rate than younger patients (71 versus 87 per cent, P < 0.001), and in the population with anastomotic leakage, the 2-year OS was 80 per cent in younger and 43 per cent in elderly patients (P < 0.001). After propensity score matching, older age remained predictive for not receiving an anastomosis (odds ratio 0.54 (95 per cent c.i. 0.46 to 0.63), P < 0.001) and for death (odds ratio 2.60 (95 per cent c.i. 1.78 to 3.84), P < 0.001), but not for the occurrence of leakages (odds ratio 0.94 (95 per cent c.i. 0.76 to 1.15), P = 0.524). Conclusion Anastomotic leakage is not more common in octogenarians, but an age of 80 years or older is an independent factor for not receiving an anastomosis in surgery for left-sided CRC. The mortality rate in the case of leakage in octogenarians was reported to exceed 15 per cent. KW - colorectal cancer KW - anastomosis KW - surgical KW - prospective studies KW - surgical procedures KW - operative KW - mortality KW - older adult KW - octogenarians Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265044 VL - 5 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Mühling, Bettina A1 - Koospal, Monika A1 - Quenzer, Anne A1 - Peter, Stephanie A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Linnebacher, Michael A1 - Otto, Christoph T1 - Reactivating p53 and Inducing Tumor Apoptosis (RITA) Enhances the Response of RITA-Sensitive Colorectal Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin JF - Neoplasia N2 - Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract with frequently dysregulated intracellular signaling pathways, including p53 signaling. The mainstay of chemotherapy treatment of CRC is 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin. The two anticancer drugs mediate their therapeutic effect via DNA damage-triggered signaling. The small molecule reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) is described as an activator of wild-type and reactivator of mutant p53 function, resulting in elevated levels of p53 protein, cell growth arrest, and cell death. Additionally, it has been shown that RITA can induce DNA damage signaling. It is expected that the therapeutic benefits of 5FU and oxaliplatin can be increased by enhancing DNA damage signaling pathways. Therefore, we highlighted the antiproliferative response of RITA alone and in combination with 5FU or oxaliplatin in human CRC cells. A panel of long-term established CRC cell lines (n = 9) including p53 wild-type, p53 mutant, and p53 null and primary patient-derived, low-passage cell lines (n = 5) with different p53 protein status were used for this study. A substantial number of CRC cells with pronounced sensitivity to RITA (IC\(_{50}\)< 3.0 μmol/l) were identified within established (4/9) and primary patient-derived (2/5) CRC cell lines harboring wild-type or mutant p53 protein. Sensitivity to RITA appeared independent of p53 status and was associated with an increase in antiproliferative response to 5FU and oxaliplatin, a transcriptional increase of p53 targets p21 and NOXA, and a decrease in MYC mRNA. The effect of RITA as an inducer of DNA damage was shown by a strong elevation of phosphorylated histone variant H2A.X, which was restricted to RITA-sensitive cells. Our data underline the primary effect of RITA, inducing DNA damage, and demonstrate the differential antiproliferative effect of RITA to CRC cells independent of p53 protein status. We found a substantial number of RITA-sensitive CRC cells within both panels of established CRC cell lines and primary patient-derived CRC cell lines (6/14) that provide a rationale for combining RITA with 5FU or oxaliplatin to enhance the antiproliferative response to both chemotherapeutic agents. KW - colorectal carcinoma KW - reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) KW - chemotherapy KW - 5-fluorouracil KW - oxaliplatin Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171067 VL - 19 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matthes, Niels A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Haubitz, Imme A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Validation of MTL30 as a quality indicator for colorectal surgery JF - PLoS One N2 - Background Valid indicators are required to measure surgical quality. These ideally should be sensitive and selective while being easy to understand and adjust. We propose here the MTL30 quality indicator which takes into account 30-day mortality, transfer within 30 days, and a length of stay of 30 days as composite markers of an uneventful operative/postoperative course. Methods Patients documented in the StuDoQ|Colon and StuDoQ|Rectal carcinoma register of the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) were analyzed with regard to the effects of patient and tumor-related risk factors as well as postoperative complications on the MTL30. Results In univariate analysis, the MTL30 correlated significantly with patient and tumor-related risk factors such as ASA score (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), or UICC stage (p<0.001). There was a high sensitivity for the postoperative occurrence of complications such as re-operations (p<0.001) or subsequent bleeding (p<0.001), as well as a significant correlation with the CDC classification (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, patient-related risk factors and postoperative complications significantly increased the odds ratio for a positive MTL30. A negative MTL30 showed a high specify for an uneventful operative and postoperative course. Conclusion The MTL30 is a valid indicator of colorectal surgical quality. KW - surgical care KW - discharge definition KW - definition KW - mortality KW - pancreatectomy KW - complications KW - superior KW - capture Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230530 VL - 15 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lock, J. F. A1 - Ungeheuer, L. A1 - Borst, P. A1 - Swol, J. A1 - Löb, S. A1 - Brede, E. M. A1 - Röder, D. A1 - Lengenfelder, B. A1 - Sauer, K. A1 - Gremer, C. - T. T1 - Markedly increased risk of postoperative bleeding complications during perioperative bridging anticoagulation in general and visceral surgery JF - Perioperative Medicine N2 - Background Increasing numbers of patients receiving oral anticoagulants are undergoing elective surgery. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is frequently applied as bridging therapy during perioperative interruption of anticoagulation. The aim of this study was to explore the postoperative bleeding risk of patients receiving surgery under bridging anticoagulation. Methods We performed a monocentric retrospective two-arm matched cohort study. Patients that received perioperative bridging anticoagulation were compared to a matched control group with identical surgical procedure, age, and sex. Emergency and vascular operations were excluded. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major postoperative bleeding. Secondary endpoints were minor postoperative bleeding, thromboembolic events, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Multivariate analysis explored risk factors of major postoperative bleeding. Results A total of 263 patients in each study arm were analyzed. The patient cohort included the entire field of general and visceral surgery including a large proportion of major oncological resections. Bridging anticoagulation increased the postoperative incidence of major bleeding events (8% vs. 1%; p < 0.001) as well as minor bleeding events (14% vs. 5%; p < 0.001). Thromboembolic events were equally rare in both groups (1% vs. 2%; p = 0.45). No effect on mortality was observed (1.5% vs. 1.9%). Independent risk factors of major postoperative bleeding were full-therapeutic dose of LMWH, renal insufficiency, and the procedure-specific bleeding risk. Conclusion Perioperative bridging anticoagulation, especially full-therapeutic dose LMWH, markedly increases the risk of postoperative bleeding complications in general and visceral surgery. Surgeons should carefully consider the practice of routine bridging. KW - low molecular heparin KW - atrial fibrillation KW - postoperative bleeding KW - thromboembolism KW - anticoagulation KW - bridging KW - antithrombotic therapy KW - warfarin interruption KW - oral anticoagulants KW - management Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230690 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, J. A1 - Wagner, J. A1 - Baum, P. A1 - Lichthardt, S. A1 - Kastner, C. A1 - Matthes, N. A1 - Löb, S. A1 - Matthes, H. A1 - Germer, C.-T. A1 - Wiegering, A. T1 - Nationwide in-hospital mortality following colonic cancer resection according to hospital volume in Germany JF - BJS Open N2 - Background: Colonic cancer is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine mortality rates following colonic cancer resection and the effect of hospital caseload on in-hospital mortality in Germany. Methods: Patients admitted with a diagnosis of colonic cancer undergoing colonic resection from 2012 to 2015 were identifed from a nationwide registry using procedure codes. The outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Hospitals were ranked according to their caseload for colonic cancer resection, and patients were categorized into five subgroups on the basis of hospital volume. Results: Some 129 196 colonic cancer resections were reviewed. The overall in-house mortality rate was 5⋅8 per cent, ranging from 6⋅9 per cent (1775 of 25 657 patients) in very low-volume hospitals to 4⋅8 per cent (1239 of 25 825) in very high-volume centres (P < 0⋅001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis the risk-adjusted odds ratio for in-house mortality was 0⋅75 (95 per cent c.i. 0⋅66 to 0⋅84) in very high-volume hospitals performing a mean of 85⋅0 interventions per year, compared with that in very low-volume hospitals performing a mean of only 12⋅7 interventions annually, after adjustment for sex, age, co-morbidity, emergency procedures, prolonged mechanical ventilation and transfusion. Conclusion: In Germany, patients undergoing colonic cancer resections in high-volume hospitals had with improved outcomes compared with patients treated in low-volume hospitals Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204385 VL - 3 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatton, Tobias A1 - Yang, Jun A1 - Kleffel, Sonja A1 - Uehara, Mayuko A1 - Barthel, Steven R. A1 - Schlapbach, Christoph A1 - Zhan, Qian A1 - Dudeney, Stephen A1 - Mueller, Hansgeorg A1 - Lee, Nayoung A1 - de Vries, Juliane C. A1 - Meier, Barbara A1 - Beken, Seppe Vander A1 - Kluth, Mark A. A1 - Ganss, Christoph A1 - Sharpe, Arlene H. A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria A1 - Sayegh, Mohamed H. A1 - Abdi, Reza A1 - Scharffetter-Kochanek, Karin A1 - Murphy, George F. A1 - Kupper, Thomas S. A1 - Frank, Natasha Y. A1 - Frank, Markus H. T1 - ABCB5 Identifies Immunoregulatory Dermal Cells JF - Cell Reports N2 - Cell-based strategies represent a new frontier in the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. However, the paucity of markers for isolation of molecularly defined immunomodulatory cell populations poses a barrier to this field. Here, we show that ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) identifies dermal immunoregulatory cells (DIRCs) capable of exerting therapeutic immunoregulatory functions through engagement of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Purified Abcb5\(^+\) DIRCs suppressed T cell proliferation, evaded immune rejection, homed to recipient immune tissues, and induced Tregs in vivo. In fully major-histocompatibility-complex-mismatched cardiac allotransplantation models, allogeneic DIRCs significantly prolonged allograft survival. Blockade of DIRC-expressed PD-1 reversed the inhibitory effects of DIRCs on T cell activation, inhibited DIRC-dependent Treg induction, and attenuated DIRC-induced prolongation of cardiac allograft survival, indicating that DIRC immunoregulatory function is mediated, at least in part, through PD-1. Our results identify ABCB5\(^+\) DIRCs as a distinct immunoregulatory cell population and suggest promising roles of this expandable cell subset in cellular immunotherapy. KW - mesenchymal stem cells KW - P-glycoprotein KW - regulatory T cells KW - maintain immune homeostasis KW - malignant melanoma KW - in vivo KW - skin KW - generation KW - transplant KW - tolerance Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149989 VL - 12 SP - 1564 EP - 1574 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Sophie A1 - Köhler, Franziska A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Börner, Kevin A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Petritsch, Bernhard A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Brain metastases from colorectal cancer: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to establish a guideline for daily treatment JF - Cancers N2 - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Most patients with metastatic CRC develop liver or lung metastases, while a minority suffer from brain metastases. There is little information available regarding the presentation, treatment, and overall survival of brain metastases (BM) from CRC. This systematic review and meta-analysis includes data collected from three major databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) based on the key words “brain”, “metastas*”, “tumor”, “colorectal”, “cancer”, and “malignancy”. In total, 1318 articles were identified in the search and 86 studies matched the inclusion criteria. The incidence of BM varied between 0.1% and 11.5%. Most patients developed metastases at other sites prior to developing BM. Lung metastases and KRAS mutations were described as risk factors for additional BM. Patients with BM suffered from various symptoms, but up to 96.8% of BM patients were asymptomatic at the time of BM diagnosis. Median survival time ranged from 2 to 9.6 months, and overall survival (OS) increased up to 41.1 months in patients on a multimodal therapy regimen. Several factors including age, blood levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), multiple metastases sites, number of brain lesions, and presence of the KRAS mutation were predictors of OS. For BM diagnosis, MRI was considered to be state of the art. Treatment consisted of a combination of surgery, radiation, or systemic treatment. KW - brain metastases KW - cerebral metastases KW - BM KW - colorectal cancer KW - CRC KW - systematic review KW - meta-analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228883 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 13 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nietzer, Sarah A1 - Baur, Florentin A1 - Sieber, Stefan A1 - Hansmann, Jan A1 - Schwarz, Thomas A1 - Stoffer, Carolin A1 - Häfner, Heide A1 - Gasser, Martin A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Dandekar, Gudrun T1 - Mimicking metastases including tumor stroma: a new technique to generate a three-dimensional colorectal cancer model based on a biological decellularized intestinal scaffold JF - Tissue Engineering Part C-Methods N2 - Tumor models based on cancer cell lines cultured two-dimensionally (2D) on plastic lack histological complexity and functionality compared to the native microenvironment. Xenogenic mouse tumor models display higher complexity but often do not predict human drug responses accurately due to species-specific differences. We present here a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro colon cancer model based on a biological scaffold derived from decellularized porcine jejunum (small intestine submucosa+mucosa, SISmuc). Two different cell lines were used in monoculture or in coculture with primary fibroblasts. After 14 days of culture, we demonstrated a close contact of human Caco2 colon cancer cells with the preserved basement membrane on an ultrastructural level as well as morphological characteristics of a well-differentiated epithelium. To generate a tissue-engineered tumor model, we chose human SW480 colon cancer cells, a reportedly malignant cell line. Malignant characteristics were confirmed in 2D cell culture: SW480 cells showed higher vimentin and lower E-cadherin expression than Caco2 cells. In contrast to Caco2, SW480 cells displayed cancerous characteristics such as delocalized E-cadherin and nuclear location of beta-catenin in a subset of cells. One central drawback of 2D cultures-especially in consideration of drug testing-is their artificially high proliferation. In our 3D tissue-engineered tumor model, both cell lines showed decreased numbers of proliferating cells, thus correlating more precisely with observations of primary colon cancer in all stages (UICC I-IV). Moreover, vimentin decreased in SW480 colon cancer cells, indicating a mesenchymal to epithelial transition process, attributed to metastasis formation. Only SW480 cells cocultured with fibroblasts induced the formation of tumor-like aggregates surrounded by fibroblasts, whereas in Caco2 cocultures, a separate Caco2 cell layer was formed separated from the fibroblast compartment beneath. To foster tissue generation, a bioreactor was constructed for dynamic culture approaches. This induced a close tissue-like association of cultured tumor cells with fibroblasts reflecting tumor biopsies. Therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was effective only in 3D coculture. In conclusion, our 3D tumor model reflects human tissue-related tumor characteristics, including lower tumor cell proliferation. It is now available for drug testing in metastatic context-especially for substances targeting tumor-stroma interactions. KW - Multicenter randomized-trial KW - Carcinoma cells KW - Tissue KW - Fluorouracil KW - Matrix KW - 1st-line treatment KW - Beta-catenin KW - Invasion KW - 5-Fluorouracil KW - Fibroblasts Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188202 VL - 22 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramser, Michaela A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Keller, Nicola A1 - Kukleta, Jan F. A1 - Dörfer, Jörg A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Eisner, Lukas A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A. T1 - Robotische Hernienchirurgie I: Robotische Leistenhernienversorgung (r‑TAPP). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 302 operierten Hernien JF - Der Chirurg N2 - Die Versorgung von Leistenhernien mit offenen und minimal-invasiven Verfahren hat in den vergangenen 30 Jahren einen vom Ergebnis her gesehen hohen Standard erreicht. Allerdings besteht noch Bedarf an einer weiteren Reduktion der postoperativen Serome, chronischen Schmerzen und des Rezidivs. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die endoskopische Anatomie der Leiste im Hinblick auf die robotische transabdominelle präperitoneale Patchplastik (r‑TAPP) dargestellt und die Operationsschritte der r‑TAPP als Video illustriert. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 302 konsekutiven Hernien, die mittels r‑TAPP operiert wurden, vorgestellt und hinsichtlich des Mehrwerts der robotischen Technik – auch in der Weiterbildung – diskutiert. Die r‑TAPP ist die natürliche Weiterentwicklung der konventionellen TAPP und hat das Potenzial, bei zunehmender Geräteverfügbarkeit und Reduktion der Materialkosten zu einem neuen Standard zu werden. Künftige Studien werden den vielseitigen Mehrwert der r‑TAPP auch mit neuen Parametern verfeinern müssen. KW - robotische Leistenhernienversorgung KW - r-TAPP Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264883 VL - 92 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Döring, Anna A1 - van Dam, Jacob A1 - Lock, Johann Frisco A1 - Klein, Ingo A1 - Bittrich, Max A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - van Eijck, Casper A1 - Löb, Stefan T1 - Impact of Borderline Resectability in Pancreatic Head Cancer on Patient Survival: Biology Matters According to the New International Consensus Criteria JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology N2 - Background International consensus criteria (ICC) have redefined borderline resectability for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) according to three dimensions: anatomical (BR-A), biological (BR-B), and conditional (BR-C). The present definition acknowledges that resectability is not just about the anatomic relationship between the tumour and vessels but that biological and conditional dimensions also are important. Methods Patients’ tumours were retrospectively defined borderline resectable according to ICC. The study cohort was grouped into either BR-A or BR-B and compared with patients considered primarily resectable (R). Differences in postoperative complications, pathological reports, overall (OS), and disease-free survival were assessed. Results A total of 345 patients underwent resection for PDAC. By applying ICC in routine preoperative assessment, 30 patients were classified as stage BR-A and 62 patients as stage BR-B. In total, 253 patients were considered R. The cohort did not contain BR-C patients. No differences in postoperative complications were detected. Median OS was significantly shorter in BR-A (15 months) and BR-B (12 months) compared with R (20 months) patients (BR-A vs. R: p = 0.09 and BR-B vs. R: p < 0.001). CA19-9, as the determining factor of BR-B patients, turned out to be an independent prognostic risk factor for OS. Conclusions Preoperative staging defining surgical resectability in PDAC according to ICC is crucial for patient survival. Patients with PDAC BR-B should be considered for multimodal neoadjuvant therapy even if considered anatomically resectable. KW - pancreatic head cancer Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235251 SN - 1068-9265 VL - 28 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köhler, Franziska A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Müller, Sophie A1 - Boerner, Kevin A1 - Wagner, Johanna C. A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Laparoscopic appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis-a systematic review JF - International Journal of Colorectal Disease N2 - Background Over the last years, laparoscopic appendectomy has progressively replaced open appendectomy and become the current gold standard treatment for suspected, uncomplicated appendicitis. At the same time, though, it is an ongoing discussion that antibiotic therapy can be an equivalent treatment for patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the safety and efficacy of antibiotic therapy and compare it to the laparoscopic appendectomy for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis. Methods The PubMed database, Embase database, and Cochrane library were scanned for studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. The primary endpoint was defined as successful treatment of appendicitis. Secondary endpoints were pain intensity, duration of hospitalization, absence from work, and incidence of complications. Results No studies were found that exclusively compared laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis. Conclusions To date, there are no studies comparing antibiotic treatment to laparoscopic appendectomy for patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, thus emphasizing the lack of evidence and need for further investigation. KW - acute appendicitis KW - open appendectomy KW - laparoscopic appendectomy KW - antibiotics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266616 SN - 1432-1262 VL - 36 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kannapin, Felix A1 - Schmitz, Tobias A1 - Hansmann, Jan A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Meir, Michael T1 - Measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) are affected by junctional length in immature epithelial monolayers JF - Histochemistry and Cell Biology N2 - The measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a common technique to determine the barrier integrity of epithelial cell monolayers. However, it is remarkable that absolute TEER values of similar cell types cultured under comparable conditions show an immense heterogeneity. Based on previous observations, we hypothesized that the heterogeneity of absolute TEER measurements can not only be explained by maturation of junctional proteins but rather by dynamics in the absolute length of cell junctions within monolayers. Therefore, we analyzed TEER in epithelial cell monolayers of Caco2 cells during their differentiation, with special emphasis on both changes in the junctional complex and overall cell morphology within monolayers. We found that in epithelial Caco2 monolayers TEER increased until confluency, then decreased for some time, which was then followed by an additional increase during junctional differentiation. In contrast, permeability of macromolecules measured at different time points as 4 kDA fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran flux across monolayers steadily decreased during this time. Detailed analysis suggested that this observation could be explained by alterations of junctional length along the cell borders within monolayers during differentiation. In conclusion, these observations confirmed that changes in cell numbers and consecutive increase of junctional length have a critical impact on TEER values, especially at stages of early confluency when junctions are immature. KW - Caco2 cells KW - TEER KW - barrier models KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - permeability Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267465 SN - 1432-119X VL - 156 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rullmann, Michael A1 - Preusser, Sven A1 - Poppitz, Sindy A1 - Heba, Stefanie A1 - Gousias, Konstantinos A1 - Hoyer, Jana A1 - Schütz, Tatjana A1 - Dietrich, Arne A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Pleger, Burkhard T1 - Adiposity Related Brain Plasticity Induced by Bariatric Surgery JF - Froniers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies revealed structural-functional brain reorganization 12 months after gastric-bypass surgery, encompassing cortical and subcortical regions of all brain lobes as well as the cerebellum. Changes in the mean of cluster-wise gray/white matter density (GMD/WMD) were correlated with the individual loss of body mass index (BMI), rendering the BMI a potential marker of widespread surgery-induced brain plasticity. Here, we investigated voxel-by-voxel associations between surgery-induced changes in adiposity, metabolism and inflammation and markers of functional and structural neural plasticity. We re-visited the data of patients who underwent functional and structural MRI, 6 months (n = 27) and 12 months after surgery (n = 22), and computed voxel-wise regression analyses. Only the surgery-induced weight loss was significantly associated with brain plasticity, and this only for GMD changes. After 6 months, weight loss overlapped with altered GMD in the hypothalamus, the brain's homeostatic control site, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, assumed to host reward and gustatory processes, as well as abdominal representations in somatosensory cortex. After 12 months, weight loss scaled with GMD changes in right cerebellar lobule VII, involved in language-related/cognitive processes, and, by trend, with the striatum, assumed to underpin (food) reward. These findings suggest time-dependent and weight-loss related gray matter plasticity in brain regions involved in the control of eating, sensory processing and cognitive functioning. KW - adiposity KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - brain plasticity KW - bariatric surgery KW - gastric-bypass surgery Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227168 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jeremy Tsung-Chieh A1 - Schmidt, Lea A1 - Schürger, Christina A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Krug, Susanne M. A1 - Rittner, Heike L. T1 - Netrin-1 as a multitarget barrier stabilizer in the peripheral nerve after injury JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The blood–nerve barrier and myelin barrier normally shield peripheral nerves from potentially harmful insults. They are broken down during nerve injury, which contributes to neuronal damage. Netrin-1 is a neuronal guidance protein with various established functions in the peripheral and central nervous systems; however, its role in regulating barrier integrity and pain processing after nerve injury is poorly understood. Here, we show that chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Wistar rats reduced netrin-1 protein and the netrin-1 receptor neogenin-1 (Neo1) in the sciatic nerve. Replacement of netrin-1 via systemic or local administration of the recombinant protein rescued injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. This was prevented by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Neo1 in the sciatic nerve. Mechanistically, netrin-1 restored endothelial and myelin, but not perineural, barrier function as measured by fluorescent dye or fibrinogen penetration. Netrin-1 also reversed the decline in the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and claudin-19 in the sciatic nerve caused by CCI. Our findings emphasize the role of the endothelial and myelin barriers in pain processing after nerve damage and reveal that exogenous netrin-1 restores their function to mitigate CCI-induced hypersensitivity via Neo1. The netrin-1-neogenin-1 signaling pathway may thus represent a multi-target barrier protector for the treatment of neuropathic pain. KW - neuropathic pain KW - netrin-1 KW - blood-nerve barrier KW - tight junction proteins Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-261695 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 22 IS - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marx, Gernot A1 - Schindler, Achim W. A1 - Mosch, Christoph A1 - Albers, Joerg A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Gnass, Irmela A1 - Hobohm, Carsten A1 - Janssens, Uwe A1 - Kluge, Stefan A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Maurer, Tobias A1 - Merz, Waltraut A1 - Neugebauer, Edmund A1 - Quintel, Michael A1 - Senninger, Norbert A1 - Trampisch, Hans-Joachim A1 - Waydhas, Christian A1 - Wildenauer, Rene A1 - Zacharowski, Kai A1 - Eikermann, Michaela T1 - Intravascular volume therapy in adults guidelines from the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany JF - European Journal of Anaesthesiology N2 - No abstract available. KW - Predict fluid responsiveness KW - Randomized controlled-trial KW - 6-percent hydroxyethyl starch KW - Central venous-pressure KW - Elective cesarean-section KW - Critically-ill patients KW - Puls-pressure variation KW - Lactated ringers solution KW - Hypertonic saline 7.5-percent KW - Major abdominal surgery Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188223 VL - 33 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trujillo‐Viera, Jonathan A1 - El‐Merahbi, Rabih A1 - Schmidt, Vanessa A1 - Karwen, Till A1 - Loza‐Valdes, Angel A1 - Strohmeyer, Akim A1 - Reuter, Saskia A1 - Noh, Minhee A1 - Wit, Magdalena A1 - Hawro, Izabela A1 - Mocek, Sabine A1 - Fey, Christina A1 - Mayer, Alexander E. A1 - Löffler, Mona C. A1 - Wilhelmi, Ilka A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Ishikawa, Eri A1 - Yamasaki, Sho A1 - Rau, Monika A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Klingenspor, Martin A1 - Sumara, Grzegorz T1 - Protein Kinase D2 drives chylomicron‐mediated lipid transport in the intestine and promotes obesity JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - Lipids are the most energy‐dense components of the diet, and their overconsumption promotes obesity and diabetes. Dietary fat content has been linked to the lipid processing activity by the intestine and its overall capacity to absorb triglycerides (TG). However, the signaling cascades driving intestinal lipid absorption in response to elevated dietary fat are largely unknown. Here, we describe an unexpected role of the protein kinase D2 (PKD2) in lipid homeostasis. We demonstrate that PKD2 activity promotes chylomicron‐mediated TG transfer in enterocytes. PKD2 increases chylomicron size to enhance the TG secretion on the basolateral side of the mouse and human enterocytes, which is associated with decreased abundance of APOA4. PKD2 activation in intestine also correlates positively with circulating TG in obese human patients. Importantly, deletion, inactivation, or inhibition of PKD2 ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and diabetes and improves gut microbiota profile in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PKD2 represents a key signaling node promoting dietary fat absorption and may serve as an attractive target for the treatment of obesity. KW - chylomicron KW - fat absorption KW - intestine KW - obesity KW - protein kinase D2/PKD2/PRKD2 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239018 VL - 13 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Johanna C. A1 - Wetz, Anja A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Löb, Stefan A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Klein, Ingo T1 - Successful surgical closure of infected abdominal wounds following preconditioning with negative pressure wound therapy JF - Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery N2 - Purpose Traditionally, previous wound infection was considered a contraindication to secondary skin closure; however, several case reports describe successful secondary wound closure of wounds "preconditioned" with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Although this has been increasingly applied in daily practice, a systematic analysis of its feasibility has not been published thus far. The aim of this study was to evaluate secondary skin closure in previously infected abdominal wounds following treatment with NPWT. Methods Single-center retrospective analysis of patients with infected abdominal wounds treated with NPWT followed by either secondary skin closure referenced to a group receiving open wound therapy. Endpoints were wound closure rate, wound complications (such as recurrent infection or hernia), and perioperative data (such as duration of NPWT or hospitalization parameters). Results One hundred ninety-eight patients during 2013-2016 received a secondary skin closure after NPWT and were analyzed and referenced to 67 patients in the same period with open wound treatment after NPWT. No significant difference in BMI, chronic immunosuppressive medication, or tobacco use was found between both groups. The mean duration of hospital stay was 30 days with a comparable duration in both patient groups (29 versus 33 days, p = 0.35). Interestingly, only 7.7% of patients after secondary skin closure developed recurrent surgical site infection and in over 80% of patients were discharged with closed wounds requiring only minimal outpatient wound care. Conclusion Surgical skin closure following NPWT of infected abdominal wounds is a good and safe alternative to open wound treatment. It prevents lengthy outpatient wound therapy and is expected to result in a higher quality of life for patients and reduce health care costs. KW - open wound treatment KW - surgical site infections KW - secondary skin closure KW - negative pressure wound therapy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267541 SN - 1435-2451 VL - 406 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Kusan, Simon A1 - Krone, Manuel A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Safety of elective abdominal and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective single-center study JF - European Journal of Medical Research N2 - Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo surgery have impaired postoperative outcomes and increased mortality. Consequently, elective and semi-urgent operations on the increasing number of patients severely affected by COVID-19 have been indefinitely postponed.in many countries with unclear implications on disease progression and overall survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the establishment of a standardized screening program for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sufficient to ensure high-quality medical and surgical treatment of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients while minimizing in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods The screening program comprised polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs and a standardized questionnaire about potential symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All elective and emergency patients admitted to the surgical department of a tertiary-care hospital center in Lower Franconia, Germany, between March and May 2020 were included and their characteristics were recorded. Results Out of the study population (n = 657), 509 patients (77.5%) had at least one risk factor for a potentially severe course of COVID-19 and 164 patients (25%) were active smokers. The average 7-day incidence in Lower Franconia was 24.0/100,000 during the observation period. Preoperative PCR testing revealed four asymptomatic positive patients out of the 657 tested patients. No postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission could be detected. Conclusion The implementation of a standardized preoperative screening program to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients can ensure high-quality surgical care while minimizing infection risk for healthcare workers and potential in-hospital transmission. KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - COVID-19 KW - elective surgery KW - screening KW - PCR Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264975 VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klement, Rainer J. A1 - Champ, Colin E. A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Kämmerer, Ulrike T1 - Anti-Tumor Effects of Ketogenic Diets in Mice: A Meta-Analysis JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Currently ketogenic diets (KDs) are hyped as an anti-tumor intervention aimed at exploiting the metabolic abnormalities of cancer cells. However, while data in humans is sparse, translation of murine tumor models to the clinic is further hampered by small sample sizes, heterogeneous settings and mixed results concerning tumor growth retardation. The aim was therefore to synthesize the evidence for a growth inhibiting effect of KDs when used as a monotherapy in mice. Methods We conducted a Bayesian random effects meta-analysis on all studies assessing the survival (defined as the time to reach a pre-defined endpoint such as tumor volume) of mice on an unrestricted KD compared to a high carbohydrate standard diet (SD). For 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria either a mean survival time ratio (MR) or hazard ratio (HR) between the KD and SD groups could be obtained. The posterior estimates for the MR and HR averaged over four priors on the between-study heterogeneity τ\(^{2}\) were MR = 0.85 (95% highest posterior density interval (HPDI) = [0.73, 0.97]) and HR = 0.55 (95% HPDI = [0.26, 0.87]), indicating a significant overall benefit of the KD in terms of prolonged mean survival times and reduced hazard rate. All studies that used a brain tumor model also chose a late starting point for the KD (at least one day after tumor initiation) which accounted for 26% of the heterogeneity. In this subgroup the KD was less effective (MR = 0.89, 95% HPDI = [0.76, 1.04]). Conclusions There was an overall tumor growth delaying effect of unrestricted KDs in mice. Future experiments should aim at differentiating the effects of KD timing versus tumor location, since external evidence is currently consistent with an influence of both of these factors. KW - anti-tumor effects KW - ketogenic dients KW - mice Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167036 VL - 11 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallaschek, Nina A1 - Reuter, Saskia A1 - Silkenat, Sabrina A1 - Wolf, Katharina A1 - Niklas, Carolin A1 - Özge, Kayisoglu A1 - Aguilar, Carmen A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Shannon-Lowe, Claire A1 - Bartfeld, Sina T1 - Ephrin receptor A2, the epithelial receptor for Epstein-Barr virus entry, is not available for efficient infection in human gastric organoids JF - PLoS Pathogens N2 - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known for infection of B cells, in which it usually establishes an asymptomatic lifelong infection, but is also associated with the development of multiple B cell lymphomas. EBV also infects epithelial cells and is associated with all cases of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV is etiologically linked with at least 8% of gastric cancer (EBVaGC) that comprises a genetically and epigenetically distinct subset of GC. Although we have a very good understanding of B cell entry and lymphomagenesis, the sequence of events leading to EBVaGC remains poorly understood. Recently, ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) was proposed as the epithelial cell receptor on human cancer cell lines. Although we confirm some of these results, we demonstrate that EBV does not infect healthy adult stem cell-derived gastric organoids. In matched pairs of normal and cancer-derived organoids from the same patient, EBV only reproducibly infected the cancer organoids. While there was no clear pattern of differential expression between normal and cancer organoids for EPHA2 at the RNA and protein level, the subcellular location of the protein differed markedly. Confocal microscopy showed EPHA2 localization at the cell-cell junctions in primary cells, but not in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, histologic analysis of patient tissue revealed the absence of EBV in healthy epithelium and presence of EBV in epithelial cells from inflamed tissue. These data suggest that the EPHA2 receptor is not accessible to EBV on healthy gastric epithelial cells with intact cell-cell contacts, but either this or another, yet to be identified receptor may become accessible following cellular changes induced by inflammation or transformation, rendering changes in the cellular architecture an essential prerequisite to EBV infection. KW - Organoids KW - ephitelial cells KW - gastrointestinal infections KW - cancers and neoplasms KW - Epstein-Barr virus KW - flow cytometry KW - epithelium Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259206 VL - 17 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Annett A1 - Ebert, Thomas A1 - Hankir, Mohammed K. A1 - Flehmig, Gesine A1 - Klöting, Nora A1 - Jessnitzer, Beate A1 - Lössner, Ulrike A1 - Stumvoll, Michael A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Fasshauer, Mathias A1 - Tönjes, Anke A1 - Miehle, Konstanze A1 - Kralisch, Susan T1 - Leptin improves parameters of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in lipodystrophic mice JF - Nutrients N2 - Lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) are a heterogeneous group of very rare congenital or acquired disorders characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue. They are strongly associated with severe metabolic dysfunction due to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and other organs and the dysregulation of several key adipokines, including leptin. Treatment with leptin or its analogues is therefore sufficient to reverse some of the metabolic symptoms of LD in patients and in mouse models through distinct mechanisms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of systemic metabolism in rodents and in humans, but it is poorly understood how leptin impacts BAT in LD. Here, we show in transgenic C57Bl/6 mice overexpressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue (Tg (aP2-nSREBP1c)), an established model of congenital LD, that daily subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg leptin for 6 to 8 weeks increases body temperature without affecting food intake or body weight. This is associated with increased protein expression of the thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in BAT. These findings suggest that leptin treatment in LD stimulates BAT thermogenesis through sympathetic nerves, which might contribute to some of its metabolic benefits by providing a healthy reservoir for excess circulating nutrients. KW - lipodystrophy KW - leptin KW - brown adipose tissue KW - thermogenesis KW - uncoupling protein 1 KW - sympathetic nervous system Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242787 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 13 IS - 8 ER -