TY - THES A1 - Scheler, Maximilian Heinrich Julius T1 - Die operative Versorgung des Thoraxmagens - Eine Langzeitanalyse von 2008-2015 T1 - Surgical treatment of giant hiatal hernias - a long-term analysis from 2008-2015 N2 - Der Thoraxmagen beschreibt eine zirkuläre Schwachstelle der phrenikoösophagealen Membran mit einer schrittweisen Dislozierung der Magenkardia und des Ösophagus nach mediastinal. Die Therapie des Thoraxmagens kann konservativ im Sinne des „watchful waiting“ oder operativ erfolgen. Aufgrund der möglichen Komplikationen wird die elektive Operation durch die amerikanischen Leitlinien empfohlen. Ein zentrales Problem der Hiatushernienchirurgie stellt die hohe Anzahl an Rezidiven dar. Ob die Gründe hierfür in der Zwerchfellrekonstruktion, Speiseröhrenlänge, Fundoplicatio oder Netzaugmentation liegen, wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde die operative Versorgung des Thoraxmagens von 124 Patienten des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg im Zeitraum von September 2008 bis Juni 2015 untersucht. Hierfür war neben den perioperativen Daten auch die Rezidiv- und Letalitätsrate von Relevanz. Das Patientenkollektiv wurde sowohl in Hinblick auf das Lebensalter als auch auf die verschiedenen Versorgungsarten analysiert. Um die postoperative Lebensqualität zu beurteilen, erfolgte die Patientenbefragung mit Hilfe eines Symptomfragebogens und dem Gastrointestinalen Lebensqualitätsindex nach Eypasch (GIQLI). Zusätzlich wurden 17 Patienten postoperativ mittels MRT untersucht, um eine optimierte MRT-Sequenz zur Beurteilung der Hiatusregion zu evaluieren. Im Vergleich der Altersgruppen zeigte sich trotz einer erhöhten Komorbiditätsrate bei dem Patientenkollektiv ≥ 75 Jahre (p=0,002) kein signifikanter Unterschied bei Betrachtung der intraoperativen Komplikationen. Die Rezidivrate lag unabhängig vom Alter bei 20,2% im Untersuchungszeitraum, jedoch konnte eine verminderte Rezidivrate bei Patienten mit U-Shape Versorgung (p=0,015) festgestellt werden. In der postoperativen Patientenbefragung zeigten sich 87,0% der Patienten, unabhängig vom Alter und der Versorgungsart, zufrieden mit dem Operationsergebnis und beschrieben ihren Zustand im Vergleich zu präoperativ als gebessert. Die Ergebnisse des GIQLI erbrachten in dem untersuchten Patientenkollektiv ein gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung erniedrigten Wert mit 95,4 Punkten. Die optimierte MRT-Sequenz zeichnete sich durch eine hohe diagnostische Konfidenz bei guter Bildqualität, kurzer Untersuchungsdauer und gleichzeitig hoher Akzeptanz der Patienten gegenüber dieser Art der Diagnostik aus. Zusammenfassend stellt die operative Versorgung von Thoraxmägen, unabhängig des Patientenalters, eine sichere Therapieform dar, die zu einer hohen Patientenzufriedenheit führt. Die modifizierte MRT-Untersuchung hat sich als diagnostische Methode bewährt und stellt eine Alternative zu strahlenexponierenden oder von Seiten der Patienten weniger gut tolerierten Untersuchungsmodalitäten dar. N2 - Giant hiatal hernias occur due to a circular weak point of the phrenic esophageal membrane with a gradual dislocation of the gastric cardia and the esophagus in mediastinal direction. Therapy of these giant hiatal hernias can be approached conservative, in the sense of “watchful waiting”, or surgically. Due to the possible complications however, the American guidelines highly recommend elective surgery. A central problem in hiatal hernia surgery is the high number of recurrences. Whether this is due to the art of reconstruction of the diaphragm, the length of the esophagus, the fundoplication or the mesh augmentation is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, the surgical treatments of 124 patients with giant hiatal hernias were examined at the University Hospital Würzburg from September 2008 to June 2015. In addition to the perioperative data, the recurrence- and mortality rates were also taken into consideration. The patient collective was analyzed in regard to age, as well as the various types of care. In order to assess the postoperative quality of life, the patient survey was conducted with the help of a symptom questionnaire and the gastrointestinal quality of life index according to Eypasch (GIQLI). Furthermore, to evaluate an optimized MRI sequence for assessing the hiatus region, 17 patients were examined postoperatively using MRI. When comparing the different groups of age it appeared, that even with an increased comorbidity rate in the age ≥ 75 (p=0,002), there was no significant difference in intraoperative complications. Regardless of age, the recurrence rate was 20.2% in the study period. However, a reduced recurrence rate was found in patients with U-shape restoration (p=0.015). In the postoperative patient survey, 87.0% of the patients, regardless of age and type of care, stated to be satisfied with the result of the operation and also described their condition as improved in comparison to their preoperatively status. The results of the GIQLI showed a lower value compared to the general population, with 95.4 points in the examined patient group. The optimized MRT sequence was characterized by a high diagnostic confidence with a good image quality, short examination times and high patient acceptance for this diagnostic method. In summary, the surgical treatment of giant hiatal hernias is a safe type of therapy that leads to a high level of patient satisfaction, regardless of the patients age. The modified MRI examination was shown to be a valid diagnostic method and represents an alternative to other examination modalities that lead to radiation exposition or tend to be less tolerated by the patient. KW - Zwerchfellkrankheit KW - Zwerchfellbruch KW - Laparoskopie KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Thoraxmagen KW - Gastrointestinaler Lebensqualitätsindex nach Eypasch (GIQLI) Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-253018 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nordbeck, Arno Wilhelm T1 - Roux-en-Y Magenbypass spezifische metabolomische Veränderungen in Urin, Faeces und Plasma - Charakterisierung im Zucker (fa/fa) Rattenmodel T1 - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass specific metabolomic changes in urine, faeces and blood plasm – characterisation in a rodent model with Zucker (fa/fa) rats N2 - Es wurde ein etabliertes Tiermodell mit Zucker Ratten (fa/fa) verwendet, um postoperative, gewichtsverlustunabhängige metabolomische Effekte des Roux-en-Y Magenbypass (RYGB) zu ermitteln. Es galt Hypothesen zu generieren, welche globalen Metabolite die positiven Auswirkungen des Magenbypass verursachen können. Beispielsweise war γ-Amino-Buttersäure (GABA) fäkal nach RYGB vermehrt nachweisbar und somit ein potentieller Mediator für einen Bypass-spezifischen Effekt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Komplexität der metabolomischen Veränderungen durch RYGB und Nahrungsrestriktion. Die genauen Mechanismen nach metabolisch-bariatrischer Operation, die zu dem therapeutischen Effekt führen, bleiben weiterhin unklar, sodass es weiterer Studien bedarf, um kausale Zusammenhänge nachzuweisen. N2 - A rodent model with Zucker rats (fa/fa) was used to examine postoperative, weight-loss independent metabolomic effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of the study was to generate hypotheses which global metabolites could lead to the positive impact of RYGB. γ-aminobutyric acid was found in higher concentrations in the faeces after RYGB and therefore one possible mediator for a procedure-specific effect. The results show the complexity of metabolomic changes after RYBG and food restriction. The exact mechanisms after metabolic/bariatric surgery which cause the therapeutic effect remain unclear. There is a need for further studies to prove causal correlations. KW - Tiermodell KW - Magenbypass KW - Metabolom KW - Fettsucht KW - Magenchirurgie KW - RYGB KW - Zucker (fa/fa) Ratten KW - metabolisch-bariatrische Operation KW - Bariatric/metabolic surgery KW - Zucker (fa/fa) rats KW - RYGB Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268694 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Riegel, Johannes A1 - Wagner, Johanna A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Walles, Thorsten A1 - Dietz, Ulrich A1 - Loeb, Stefan A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Steger, Ulrich A1 - Klein, Ingo T1 - The impact of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with previously resected colorectal cancer liver metastases JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background 40–50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will develop liver metastases (CRLM) during the course of the disease. One third of these patients will additionally develop pulmonary metastases. Methods 137 consecutive patients with CRLM, were analyzed regarding survival data, clinical, histological data and treatment. Results were stratified according to the occurrence of pulmonary metastases and metastases resection. Results 39% of all patients with liver resection due to CRLM developed additional lung metastases. 44% of these patients underwent subsequent pulmonary resection. Patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy showed a significantly better five-year survival compared to patients not qualified for curative resection (5-year survival 71.2% vs. 28.0%; p = 0.001). Interestingly, the 5-year survival of these patients was even superior to all patients with CRLM, who did not develop pulmonary metastases (77.5% vs. 63.5%; p = 0.015). Patients, whose pulmonary metastases were not resected, were more likely to redevelop liver metastases (50.0% vs 78.6%; p = 0.034). However, the rate of distant metastases did not differ between both groups (54.5 vs.53.6; p = 0.945). Conclusion The occurrence of colorectal lung metastases after curative liver resection does not impact patient survival if pulmonary metastasectomy is feasible. Those patients clearly benefit from repeated resections of the liver and the lung metastases. KW - hepatic resection KW - surgical resection KW - lung resection KW - curative resection KW - metastasis KW - colorectal cancer KW - cancer treatment KW - surgical oncology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158036 VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Widder, Anna Ursula T1 - Einfluss unterschiedlicher Lehrmethoden zum Vermitteln laparoskopischer Fertigkeiten – eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie T1 - Optimizing laparoscopic training efficacy by ‘deconstruction into key steps’ - a randomized controlled trial N2 - Hintergrund. Training an Simulatoren ist eine effektive Methode zum Erlernen laparoskopischer Fertigkeiten. Dennoch besteht weiterhin die Notwendigkeit, Lehrmethoden zu optimieren, um praktischen Übungsaufwand zu reduzieren. In dieser Studie wurde die Auswirkung der mentalen Übung "deconstruction into key steps" (DIKS) auf die für den Erwerb laparoskopischer Fertigkeiten benötigte Zeit untersucht. Methoden. Medizinstudierende des 10. Fachsemesters nahmen an einem Laparoskopiekurs teil und wurden in zwei Gruppen randomisiert. Dabei wurde in der Experimentalgruppe (EG) eine Verkürzung der praktischen Übungszeit um 58% im Vergleich zur KG zu Gunsten des mentalen Trainings DIKS untersucht. Die laparoskopischen Eingangsfertigkeiten wurden an Simulatoren getestet (t0). Anschließend wurde der Lernerfolg in einer zweiten Prüfung kontrolliert (t1). Nach neun Tagen erfolgte eine dritte Prüfung (t2). Alle Messzeitpunkte wurden per Videomittschnitt nach validierten Kriterien bewertet. Potenzielle Prädiktoren wurden mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens standardisiert erhoben. Ergebnisse. Sowohl die EG (n=58) als auch die KG (n=58) wiesen einen signifikanten Lernzuwachs auf (p<0,001). Es zeichnete sich jedoch ein signifikanter Unterschied im Lernzuwachs in bestimmten Zeitabschnitten ab. Die KG zeigte einen signifikant höheren Lernzuwachs von t0-t1. Nach einer Woche wurde der Vorsprung der KG bei einem signifikant besseren Lernzuwachs der EG im zweiten Abschnitt egalisiert. Motivierte sowie geschickte Studierende zeigten eine signifikant bessere Leistung in Qualität und Quantität. Männern war es möglich eine signifikant bessere Leistung in Qualität und Quantität zu erzielen. Schlussfolgerung. Während initial ein verlängertes praktisches Üben zu einer unmittelbaren Leistungssteigerung führte, wurde durch die zusätzliche mentale Übung ’DIKS‘ bei gleichzeitig verkürzter praktischer Übungszeit ein gleichwertiges Ergebnis erreicht. N2 - Background. Simulator training is an effective means of acquiring laparoscopic skills, but there remains a need to optimize teaching methods to reduce learning times. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the mental exercise ‘deconstruction into key steps’ (DIKS) on the time needed to acquire laparoscopic skills. Methods. Undergraduate medical students were randomized into two groups during a structured laparoscopic training course. The intervention group (IG) was trained using the DIKS approach, while the control group (CG) underwent the standard course. The laparoscopic performance of all participants was video-recorded at baseline (t0), after the first session (t1), and nine days later after the second session (t2). Videos were assessed by two double-blinded raters. Potential covariates of students (gender, age, prior laparoscopic experience, self-assessed motivation, and dexterity) were evaluated by using a questionnaire. Results. Both the IG (n=58) and the CG (n=58) had improved performance after the training course (p<0.001), but with notable differences in specific time-points. Whereas the CG showed a significantly higher learning gain from t0 – t1 (p<0.05), the IG outperformed the CG from t1 -t2, (p<0.05). High motivation and self-assessed dexterity positively influenced participants’ performance. Male participants demonstrated significantly higher overall performance. DIKS shortened practical exercise time by 58%. Conclusion. DIKS can reduce the time required for practical training on a simulator in untrained participants. Dexterity, motivation, and gender influence performance in laparoscopic training and should be considered in further training on real patients. KW - Laparoskopie KW - Lerntechnik KW - laparoscopic skills KW - teaching methods KW - deconstruction into key steps KW - laparoscopic course KW - Lehrmethoden KW - Laparoskopietraining KW - Basisfertigkeiten Laparoskopie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-271869 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schlüter, Dominique Carolin T1 - Präoperative Leberfunktionsevaluation mittels LiMAx Test beim Hepatozellulären Karzinom T1 - Preoperative liver function evaluation by LiMAx test in hepatocellular carcinoma N2 - Die Therapieentscheidung beim HCC richtet sich derzeit nach den BCLC-Kriterien. Die effektivste Therapieoption, eine Resektion, wird allerdings nur in den frühen Stadien empfohlen. Um postoperative Komplikationen zu vermeiden, benötigt es unter anderem eine effiziente präoperative Leberfunktionsevaluation zur Auswahl der Resektionskandidaten. Frühere Studien konnten zeigen, dass der LiMAx-Test hierfür geeignet ist. Da aber Daten zu HCC-Patienten noch fehlen, war das Ziel dieser Studie zu untersuchen, ob der LiMAx-Test die präoperative Evaluation von HCC-Patienten erleichtert und so die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität insbesondere für Patienten mit Leberzirrhose gesenkt werden kann. Insgesamt erhielten 92 HCC Patienten zur Therapieevaluation eine LiMAx-Messung und wurden in eine Gruppe mit Zirrhose (LZ-Gruppe) und eine ohne (NL-Gruppe) eingeteilt und miteinander verglichen. Jeder Fall wurde in einer Tumorkonferenz besprochen und anhand der erhobenen Leberfunktionsparameter entschieden. 46 Patienten erhielten eine Resektion, 46 wurden abgelehnt, 17 aufgrund zu schlechter LiMAx-Ergebnisse. Die LiMAx-Werte der Resezierten waren mit 388 vs. 322µg/kg/h höher als die der abgelehnten Patienten (p=0,004). Zudem waren sie ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für eine Leberzirrhose und Prädiktoren für eine unzureichende Leberfunktionsreserve. Ein unterer Grenzwert von 221µg/kg/h wurde ermittelt, bei welchem auch bei Zirrhosepatienten eine Resektion noch sicher durchgeführt werden kann. Generell gab es in der LZ-Gruppe nicht mehr postoperative Komplikationen als in der NL-Gruppe. Eine Vorhersage zur Entwicklung eines postoperativen Leberversagens durch den LiMAx-Test konnte in unserer Studie nicht gezeigt werden. Präoperativ eingesetzt, ermöglicht der LiMAx-Test somit eine effektive und sichere Evaluation von HCC Patienten, die von einer Resektion profitieren, mit niedriger postoperativer Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate, sowohl bei Patienten mit oder ohne Leberzirrhose. N2 - The treatment decision in HCC is currently based on the BCLC criteria. However, the most effective therapeutic option, resection, is recommended only in the early stages. To avoid postoperative complications, it requires, among other things, an efficient preoperative liver function evaluation to select resection candidates. Previous studies have shown that the LiMAx test is suitable for this purpose. However, since data on HCC patients are still lacking, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the LiMAx test can facilitate the preoperative evaluation of HCC patients and thus reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality, especially for patients with liver cirrhosis. A total of 92 HCC patients received LiMAx measurement for treatment evaluation and were divided into a group with cirrhosis (LZ group) and one without (NL group) and afterwards compared. Each case was discussed in a tumor conference and a decision was made based on the liver function parameters obtained. 46 patients received resection, 46 were rejected, and 17 because of too poor LiMAx results. The LiMAx values of the resected patients were higher than those of the rejected patients, 388 vs. 322µg/kg/h (p=0.004). Moreover, they were an independent risk factor for liver cirrhosis and predictors of inadequate liver functional reserve. A lower limit of 221µg/kg/h was identified at which resection can still be safely performed even in cirrhotic patients. In general, there were no more postoperative complications in the LZ group than in the NL group. A prediction of the development of postoperative liver failure by the LiMAx test could not be shown in our study. Thus, used preoperatively, the LiMAx test allows an effective and safe evaluation of HCC patients who benefit from resection, with low postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, both in patients with or without liver cirrhosis. KW - Leberfunktion KW - Hepatozelluläres Karzinom KW - Leberresektion KW - Leberversagen KW - Leberfunktionsevaluation KW - LiMAx-Test KW - Leberfunktionsreserve KW - liver function capacity Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254478 ER - TY - THES A1 - Döring, Anna Maria T1 - Einfluss der minimalen Distanz zwischen Tumor und Resektatrand auf die Prognose kurativ resezierter Patienten mit hepatocellulärem Carcinom T1 - How the resection margin influences the survival after curative liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma N2 - Dies ist eine retrospektive unizentrische Analyse um den Einfluss des Resektionsabstandes auf prognostische Faktoren wie das rezidivfreie und Gesamtüberleben bei Patienten mit hepatocellulären Carcinom zu untersuchen. Es ließ sich kein Vorteil eines weiten (>5mm) tumorfreien Abstands zum Resektatrand gegenüber einem schmalen (5mm) tumorfreien Abstand nachweisen. Allerdings wurden andere tumor- und patientenspezifische unabhängige Risikofaktoren für das rezidivfreie und Gesamtüberleben identifiziert. So ist ein präoperativer AFP-Wert >15µg/l mit einem signifikant schlechteren krankheitsfreien und Gesamtüberleben assoziiert. Ebenso haben schlecht differenzierte (G3) HCCs, sowie HCC mit einer vaskulären Invasion (V1/V2) ein deutlich reduziertes rezidivfreies Überleben. Auch eine Tumorgröße >5cm war in dieser Studie ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für ein verkürztes Gesamtüberleben. N2 - This is a retrospective single center study regarding the influence of the resection margin after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we identified all patients undergoing liver resection between 2004-2018 at the university hostpital Würzburg for curative intention with hepatocellular carcinoma. Regarding the resection margin the study group was dichtomised in two groups, the LRwide group (resection margin >5mm) and the LRnarrow group (resection margin 5mm). We could not find a difference in disease free or overall survival between the groups. Nevertheless, we could identify the preoperative AFP levels >15µg/l to be an independent risk factor for worse disease free and overall survival. Also, large tumors (>5cm) are associates with reduced overall survival. KW - Leberzellkrebs KW - Leberresektion KW - Resektionsabstand KW - margin KW - Alpha Fetoprotein Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276687 ER - TY - THES A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin Lukas T1 - Der antiproliferative Effekt des RNA-Polymerase I Inhibitors CX-5461 in Zellen kolorektaler Karzinomzelllinien auf zellulärer und molekularer Ebene T1 - The antiproliferative effects of RNA Polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 in colorectal cancer cell lines on a cellular and molecular level N2 - Die halbmaximale (Proliferations-) inhibitorische Konzentration (IC50) vom RNA-Polymerase I-Inhibitor CX-5461 liegt für die getesteten sieben humanen kolorektalen Karzinomzell¬linien zwischen 0,7 und 3,1 µmol/L, für nicht-transformierte Fibroblasten bei 8,1 µmol/L. Der deutlich stärkere antiproliferative Effekt von CX-5461 auf Tumorzellen lässt somit ein mögliches therapeutisches Fenster erkennen. CX-5461 (1 µmol/L und weniger) induziert einen persistierenden Zellzyklus-arretierten Zellphänotyp mit Seneszenz-assoziierter (SA) -Galaktosidase-Aktivität (SA-β-Gal). Die durch CX-5461 ausgelöste verringerte Synthese ribosomaler RNA (rRNA)-Transkripte im Nucleolus, ein Subkompartiment des Nucleus, in dem die Transkription der ribosomalen DNA und Bildung von Prä-Ribosomen stattfinden, hat eine Störung der Ribosomen¬biogenese zur Folge. Diese als nucleolärer Stress bezeichnete Situation ist mit zahlreichen Einzelphänomen assoziiert wie der Akkumulation ribosomaler Proteine aufgrund eines durch CX-5461 verursachten Missverhältnisses bei der Synthese ribosomaler Proteine und rRNAs. Auch kommt es bei nucleolärem Stress zur Aktivierung Zellzykusarrest-führender Signalwege vermittelt durch DNA-Damage-Response, p53 und Retinoblastom (Rb). Die durch CX-5461 induzieren seneszenten Zellen lassen sich durch Kombination mit dem Bcl-Inhibitor und Senotlytikum Navitoclax in Apoptose überführen. Das kombinierte Strategiekonzept demonstriert, dass der pro-proliferative Phänotyp von Tumorzellen mit CX-5461 durch Induktion von Seneszenz effektiv gestoppt werden kann, um anschließend diese Zellen mit dem Bcl-Inhibitor Navitoclax gezielt in Apoptose zu überführen. Der durch CX-5461 ausgelöste seneszente Zellphänotyp zeigt sich sensitiv gegenüber dem Apoptose-auslösenden Effekt von Navitoclax – im Ggs. zu nicht-seneszenten Zellen. Basierend auf diesem Konzept deutet sich eine potentielle neue Strategie für eine Tumortherapie an, deren Grundlage die kombinierte Adressierung der beiden antiproliferativen Phänomene Seneszenz und Apoptose in soliden Tumorzellen wie dem kolorektalen Karzinom darstellt. N2 - The antiproliferative effects of CX-5461, a RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) inhibitor, measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50-value) in seven human colorectal cancer cell lines, ranged between IC50=0.7 µmol/L and IC50=3.1 µmol/L CX-5461. In contrast, non-transformed fibroblast control cells demonstrated an IC50-value of 8.1 µmol/L. This difference in IC50 values between tumor cells and normal cells that demonstrate a stronger antiproliferative effect of CX-5461 in tumor cells may open a relevant therapeutic window. CX-5461 induced a persistent state of cell-cycle-arrested cells with senescence-associated (SA) -Galactosidase positivity. CX-5461 negatively influences the ribosome biogenesis that takes place in the nucleolus, a nuclear sub-compartment and the cellular site of transcription of ribosomal DNA and pre-ribosome formation. CX-5461 mediated deficient ribosome biogenesis due to a mismatch of reduced ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosomal protein synthesis caused nucleolar stress. A nucleolar stress response led to different molecular phenomena within the cell. For CX-5461 induced nucleolar stress, main sequences were the accumulation of ribosomal proteins within the nucleolus and activation of different signal pathways involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest mediated by DNA Damage Response (DDR) signals as well as p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) dependent pathways. The antiproliferative effects of CX-5461 were enhanced using the pro-apoptotic Bcl-inhibitor and senolytic Navitoclax, inducing apoptosis in the tumor cells. The cellular senescent phenotype as consequence of RNA Pol I inhibition by CX-5461 was sensitive to the pro-apoptotic Navitoclax in contrast to non-senescent cells. The results of this thesis confirm a perspective for an anti-tumor-specific therapeutic strategy addressing the two antiproliferative phenomena senescence and apoptosis in solid tumor cells like the colorectal carcinoma. KW - Dickdarmkrebs KW - Ribosom KW - ribosomale RNS KW - RNS Polymerase I KW - CX-5461 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265033 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kusan, Simon A1 - Surat, Güzin A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Kim, Mia A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance in patients suffering from penetrating Crohn's disease JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Intraabdominal abscess formation occurs in up to 30% of patients suffering from Crohn's disease (CD). While international guidelines recommend a step-up approach with a combination of empiric antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage to delay or even avoid surgery, evidence about microbial spectrum in penetrating ileitis is sparse. We retrospectively assessed outcomes of 46 patients with terminal penetrating Ileitis where microbial diagnostics have been performed and compared microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance profile of CD patients with patients suffering from diverticulitis with intraabdominal abscess formation. In both groups, the most frequently isolated pathogen was the gram-negative bacterium E. coli belonging to the family of Enterobacterales. However, overall Enterobacterales were significantly more often verifiable in the control group than in CD patients. Furthermore, microbial analysis showed significant differences regarding isolation of anaerobic pathogens with decreased frequency in patients with CD. Subgroup analysis of CD patients to evaluate a potential influence of immunosuppressive therapy on microbial spectrum only revealed that Enterobacterales was less frequently detected in patients treated with steroids. Immunosuppressive therapy did not show any impact on all other groups of pathogens and did not change antibiotic resistance profile of CD patients. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that the microbial spectrum of CD patients does differ only for some pathogen species without increased rate of antibiotic resistance. However, the empiric antibiotic therapy for CD-associated intra-abdominal abscess remains challenging since different points such as local epidemiological and microbiological data, individual patient risk factors, severity of infection, and therapy algorithm including non-surgical and surgical therapy options should be considered before therapeutical decisions are made. KW - Crohn's disease KW - intraabdominal abscess KW - penetrating ileitis KW - microbial spectrum KW - antibiotic resistance Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281835 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 15 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneemann, Christina T1 - Klinische Implikationen zur Versorgung von Schockraumpatienten – eine retrospektive Fall-Kontroll-Studie zu Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen T1 - Clinical implications for emergency room care - a retrospective case-control study of fracture-associated vascular injuries N2 - Fraktur-assoziierte Gefäßverletzungen sind seltene, aber potentiell lebensbedrohliche Unfallfolgen. Durch komplexe Verletzungsmuster stellen Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen eine gefäßchirurgische Notfallsituation dar und erfordern eine hohe Expertise seitens des behandelnden Schockraumteams. Diese retrospektive Studie untersuchte anhand von Patientendaten des Schockraums des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg im Zeitraum Dezember 2005 bis Dezember 2013, das Management von Patienten mit Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen im Extremitäten- und Beckenbereich. Es wurden Daten von N=64 Patienten mit Fraktur-assoziierten Gefäßverletzungen im Bereich der Extremitäten und des Beckens in einem Zeitraum von 8 Jahren ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden mit Patientendaten von N=60 Patienten mit Frakturen im Bereich der Extremitäten und des Beckens ohne Gefäßbeteiligung verglichen. Insbesondere wurden Aussagen über Diagnostik, Therapie und Outcome gewonnen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die unterschiedlichsten Trauma Score Systeme (GCS; ISS; RISC II) keine Hinweise auf das zusätzliche Vorliegen einer Gefäßverletzung liefern. Außerdem konnten erstmals die klinischen Auswirkungen einer zusätzlichen Gefäßverletzung auf das präklinische Flüssigkeitsmanagement und das Gerinnungssystem gezeigt werden. So könnten ein präklinisch erhöhter Flüssigkeitsbedarf und veränderte Gerinnungsparameter im Eingangslabor erste Hinweise auf eine zusätzliche Gefäßverletzung geben. Mit einer Gefäßverletzung muss unabhängig von der Frakturlokalisation, dem Verletzungsausmaß und dem protokollierten Trauma Score gerechnet werden. Beim geringsten Verdacht sollte eine gefäßchirurgische Vorstellung erfolgen. N2 - Fracture-associated vascular injuries are rare but potentially life-threatening consequences of accidents. Due to complex injury patterns, fracture-associated vascular injuries represent an emergency situation and require a high level of expertise on the part of the treating emergency room team. This retrospective study examined the management of patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries in the extremities and pelvic area using patient data from the emergency trauma room of the University Hospital Wuerzburg in the period of December 2005 to December 2013. Data from N = 64 patients with fracture-associated vascular injuries in the extremities and pelvis were evaluated over a period of 8 years. These data were compared with patient data from N = 60 patients with fractures in the extremities and pelvis without vascular involvement. Especially statements about diagnostics, therapy and outcome were obtained. It could be shown that the various trauma score systems (GCS; ISS; RISC II) do not provide any indications of the additional presence of a vascular injury. In addition, the clinical effects of an additional vascular injury on the preclinical fluid management and the coagulation system could be shown for the first time. A preclinical increased fluid requirement and changed coagulation parameters in the entry laboratory could provide the first indications of an additional vascular injury. A vascular injury must be expected regardless of the fracture location, the extent of the injury and the recorded trauma score. If there is the slightest suspicion, a vascular surgical presentation is necessary. KW - Gefäßverletzung KW - Trauma KW - Schockraum KW - emergency room KW - Frakturen Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223348 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tillenburg, Wolfgang T1 - Endovaskuläre Interventionen der unteren Extremitäten in Spinalanästhesie bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit: Übertrieben, gefährlich oder doch sinnvoll? T1 - Endovascular interventions of the lower extremities under spinal anesthesia for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: Excessive, dangerous or useful? N2 - Die Häufigkeit der endovaskulären Interventionen (EI) an den unteren Extremitäten zur Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) hat in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Bei steigender Inzidenz der pAVK und bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Rate mit operativen Interventionen (OI) profitieren die Patienten von der EI. Außerdem stieg die Anzahl der älteren Patienten, die aufgrund einer pAVK im Krankenhaus einer EI zugeführt wurden. Es zeigt sich eine Erweiterung der Indikationen für eine EI von den Claudicanten hin zu den Patienten mit den Stadien der kritischen Ischämie. Hierdurch werden gerade ältere und morbidere Patienten mit komplexeren endovaskulären Prozeduren konfrontiert. Insbesondere im Krankenhaus ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den pAVK-Patienten, die bisher eine OI mit einer anästhesiologischen Begleitung erhielten, eine EI in SPA anzubieten. In der Regel werden EI in Lokalanästhesie durchgeführt. Die Anwendung der SPA bei EI ist interessant, da es möglicherweise neben der kompletten Schmerzausschaltung der unteren Extremitäten bei erhaltener Kommunikation zu Synergieeffekten durch die periphere Vasodilatation kommen kann. Als ein seltenes Verfahren zur Verbesserung der peripheren Durchblutung hat dies die CT-gesteuerte temporäre Sympathikolyse nach erfolgter EI gezeigt. Um prospektiv zu untersuchen, ob eine EI in SPA eine Verbesserung des Outcome und des Behandlungsablaufs mit sich bringt, ist zunächst wichtig zu zeigen, dass die Anwendung von SPA bei EI nicht gefährlich ist. Hierzu stehen Daten aus der Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgischen Abteilung des Klinikums Main-Spessart zur Verfügung. Im Zeitraum vom 15.12.2009 bis 22.01.2015 wurden bei 59 Patienten EI in SPA durchgeführt. Bei keinem der 59 Patienten kam es durch die Anwendung der SPA zu anästhesieabhängigen Komplikationen. Als zu erwartende Nebenwirkung trat der durch temporäre Sympathikolyse ausgelöste Blutdruckabfall bei allen Patienten auf. Im Mittel sank der Wert um 24,2 % des Ausgangswerts, bei 13 Patienten (22,0 %) wurde eine Korrektur des Blutdruckabfalls mit Akrinor® durchgeführt und gut beherrscht. Für die Stärke des Blutdruckabfalls konnte keine Signifikanz bei der ASA-Einteilung, der Geschlechterverteilung und dem Alter nachgewiesen werden, somit besteht für eine EI in SPA keine Kontraindikation für den älteren und kränkeren pAVK-Patienten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation zeigen, dass die Anwendung der SPA bei EI ein sicheres Verfahren ist. Die SPA kann, gerade bei zu erwartenden komplexen peripheren EI eine für den Patienten und Interventionisten angenehme und sichere Alternative zur Lokalanästhesie sein. Der personelle und materialbedingte Aufwand einer EI in SPA, im Vergleich mit einer EI in Lokalanästhesie, ist dabei deutlich erhöht und scheint übertrieben. Dass die EI in SPA Synergieeffekte mit sich bringt und deshalb sinnvoll ist, kann nur vermutet werden. Dieser Zusammenhang könnte im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie, die beide Anästhesieverfahren für eine EI vergleicht, gezeigt werden. N2 - The frequency of endovascular interventions (EI) on the lower extremities for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) has increased in recent years. With an increasing incidence of PAOD and a simultaneous reduction in the rate of surgical interventions (SI), older patients in particular benefit from EI. There is an expansion of the indications for EI from claudicants (patients with intermittent claudication) to patients with the stages of critical ischemia. As a result, older and more morbid patients in particular are confronted with more complex endovascular procedures. In hospitals in particular, there is the possibility of offering PAOD patients who have previously received an SI with anesthesiology accompaniment an EI in spinal anesthesia (SPA). Usually, EI are performed under local anesthesia. The use of SPA for EI is interesting because, in addition to the complete elimination of pain in the lower extremities, if communication with the patient is maintained, there may be synergy effects due to peripheral vasodilation. In order to investigate prospectively whether an EI in SPA leads to an improvement in the outcome and the treatment process, it is first important to show that the use of SPA in EI is not dangerous. Data from 59 patients were available. No anesthesia-related complications occurred in any of these 59 patients. As an expected side effect, the drop in blood pressure caused by temporary sympathicolysis occurred in all patients. On average, the value fell by 24.2% from the initial value; in 13 patients (22.0%), the drop in blood pressure was corrected with Akrinor® and was well controlled. For the severity of the drop in blood pressure, no significance could be demonstrated in the ASA classification, gender distribution and age, so there is no contraindication for EI in SPA for older and sicker PAOD patients. The results of this dissertation show that the use of SPA in EI is a safe procedure. The SPA can be a comfortable and safe alternative to local anesthesia for the patient and the interventionist, especially when complex peripheral EI is expected. The personnel and material-related expenditure of an EI in a SPA, compared to an EI in local anesthesia, is significantly higher and seems excessive. It can only be assumed that the EI in SPA brings synergy effects and therefore makes sense. This relationship could possibly be shown in a prospective study comparing both anesthetic methods for an EI. KW - Endovascular Therapie KW - Angiologie KW - Perkutane transluminale Angioplastie KW - Spinalanästhesie KW - Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit KW - Endovaskuläre Intervention Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Schmidt, Stefanie A1 - Uttinger, Konstantin A1 - Baluapuri, Apoorva A1 - Denk, Sarah A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias T. A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Roehrig, Florian A1 - Ade, Carsten P. A1 - Schuelein-Voelk, Christina A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus E. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wolf, Elmar A1 - Eilers, Martin A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - RNA polymerase I inhibition induces terminal differentiation, growth arrest, and vulnerability to senolytics in colorectal cancer cells JF - Molecular Oncology N2 - Ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis are deregulated in most cancers, suggesting that interfering with translation machinery may hold significant therapeutic potential. Here, we show that loss of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), which constitutes the initiating event in the adenoma carcinoma sequence for colorectal cancer (CRC), induces the expression of RNA polymerase I (RNAPOL1) transcription machinery, and subsequently upregulates ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription. Targeting RNAPOL1 with a specific inhibitor, CX5461, disrupts nucleolar integrity, and induces a disbalance of ribosomal proteins. Surprisingly, CX5461-induced growth arrest is irreversible and exhibits features of senescence and terminal differentiation. Mechanistically, CX5461 promotes differentiation in an MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (MIZ1)- and retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibition of RNAPOL1 renders CRC cells vulnerable towards senolytic agents. We validated this therapeutic effect of CX5461 in murine- and patient-derived organoids, and in a xenograft mouse model. These results show that targeting ribosomal biogenesis together with targeting the consecutive, senescent phenotype using approved drugs is a new therapeutic approach, which can rapidly be transferred from bench to bedside. KW - CRC KW - CX5461 KW - MIZ1 KW - MYC KW - ribosome KW - RNAPOL1 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312806 VL - 16 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - The revival of surgery in Crohn's disease — early intestinal resection as a reasonable alternative in localized ileitis JF - Biomedicines N2 - Crohn's disease (CD) represents a heterogeneous and complex disease with no curative therapeutic option available to date. Current therapy is mainly antibody-based focusing on the immune system while other treatment alternatives such as surgery are considered to be “last options”. However, medical therapy for CD results in mild to severe side effects in a relevant amount of patients and some patients do not respond to the medication. Following that, quality of life is often significantly reduced in this patient cohort, thus, therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Updated evidence has revealed that surgery such as ileocecal resection (ICR) might be a potential therapeutic option in case of localized terminal ileitis since resection at early time points improves quality of life and significantly reduces the postoperative need for immunosuppressive medication with low rates of morbidity. In addition, new surgical approaches such as Kono-S anastomosis or inclusion of the mesentery result in significantly reduced rates of disease recurrence and reoperation. Based on the new evidence, the goal of this review is to provide an update on the role of surgery as a reasonable alternative to medical therapy in the interdisciplinary treatment of patients with CD. KW - surgery KW - Crohn's disease KW - terminal ileitis KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - surgical outcome Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246296 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köhler, Franziska A1 - Reese, Lena A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Müller, Sophie A1 - Lock, Johan F. A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Surgical site infection following single-port appendectomy: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis JF - Frontiers in Surgery N2 - Introduction Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common postoperative complications after appendectomy leading to recurrent surgery, prolonged hospital stay, and the use of antibiotics. Numerous studies and meta-analyses have been published on the effect of open versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) reporting faster postoperative recovery and less postoperative pain for CLA. A development from CLA has been the single-port appendectomy (SPA), associated with a better cosmesis but seemingly having a higher risk of wound infections. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether reduced port or SPA alters the ratio of SSIs. Methods Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were screened for suitable articles. All articles published between January 1, 2002, and March 23, 2022, were included. Articles regarding children below the age of 18 were excluded as well as manuscripts that investigated solemnly open appendectomies. Articles were screened for inclusion criteria by two independent authors. Incidence of SSI was the primary outcome. Duration of operation and length of hospital stay were defined as secondary outcomes. Results A total of 25 studies were found through a database search describing 5484 patients. A total of 2749 patients received SPA and 2735 received CLA. There was no statistical difference in the rate of SSI (P = 0.98). A total of 22 studies including 4699 patients reported the duration of operation (2223 SPA and 2476 CLA). There was a significantly shorter operation time seen in CLA. The length of hospital stay was reported in 23 studies (4735 patients: 2235 SPA and 2500 CLA). A shorter hospital stay was seen in the SPA group (P < 0.00001). Separately performed analysis of randomized controlled trials could not confirm this effect (P = 0.29). Discussion SPA is an equally safe procedure considering SSI compared to CLA and does not lead to an increased risk of SSI. A longer operation time for SPA and a minor difference in the length of stay does lead to the use of SPA in selected patients only. KW - appendicitis KW - appendectomy KW - surgical site infection KW - single-port appendectomy KW - conventional laparoscopic appendectomy KW - wound infection KW - SSI Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276943 SN - 2296-875X VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hendricks, Anne A1 - Meir, Michael A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Lenschow, Christina A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schneider, Michael A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas T1 - Suppurative thyroiditis caused by ingested fish bone in the thyroid gland: a case report on its diagnostics and surgical therapy JF - BMC Surgery N2 - Background Accidental ingestion of fish bone is a common cause of otolaryngological emergency. Migration of the ingested bone into the thyroid gland, however, occurs very rarely. The associated clinical presentation, symptoms and duration of discomfort are also highly variable between patients and can be diagnostically challenging. Case presentation Here, we report the case of a 71-year-old female patient presenting with an ingested fish bone that migrated into the right thyroid lobe as a rare cause of suppurative thyroiditis with the clinical features of sepsis. We outline the diagnostic approach, peri- and intraoperative management as well as complications. It is proposed that besides endoscopy, imaging methods such as ultrasound or computed tomography may be necessary to verify the diagnosis and location of an ingested fish bone. Prompt surgical removal of the foreign body and resection of the infectious focus is recommended to minimize the risk of local inflammation, recurrent nerve lesions and septic complications arising from the spread of infection. Conclusion Fish bone migration into the thyroid gland is an extremely rare event, the successful detection and surgical management of which can be achieved through a careful interdisciplinary approach. KW - fish bone KW - foreign body ingestion KW - thyroid gland KW - thyroiditis KW - case report KW - surgical management Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299775 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Willms, A. G. A1 - Schwab, R. A1 - von Websky, M. W. A1 - Berrevoet, F. A1 - Tartaglia, D. A1 - Sörelius, K. A1 - Fortelny, R. H. A1 - Björck, M. A1 - Monchal, T. A1 - Brennfleck, F. A1 - Bulian, D. A1 - Beltzer, C. A1 - Germer, C. T. A1 - Lock, J. F. T1 - Factors influencing the fascial closure rate after open abdomen treatment: Results from the European Hernia Society (EuraHS) Registry. Surgical technique matters JF - Hernia N2 - Purpose Definitive fascial closure is an essential treatment objective after open abdomen treatment and mitigates morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of evidence on factors that promote or prevent definitive fascial closure. Methods A multi-center multivariable analysis of data from the Open Abdomen Route of the European Hernia Society included all cases between 1 May 2015 and 31 December 2019. Different treatment elements, i.e. the use of a visceral protective layer, negative-pressure wound therapy and dynamic closure techniques, as well as patient characteristics were included in the multivariable analysis. The study was registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Registry for Clinical Trials (DRK00021719). Results Data were included from 630 patients from eleven surgical departments in six European countries. Indications for OAT were peritonitis (46%), abdominal compartment syndrome (20.5%), burst abdomen (11.3%), abdominal trauma (9%), and other conditions (13.2%). The overall definitive fascial closure rate was 57.5% in the intention-to-treat analysis and 71% in the per-protocol analysis. The multivariable analysis showed a positive correlation of negative-pressure wound therapy (odds ratio: 2.496, p < 0.001) and dynamic closure techniques (odds ratio: 2.687, p < 0.001) with fascial closure and a negative correlation of intra-abdominal contamination (odds ratio: 0.630, p = 0.029) and the number of surgical procedures before OAT (odds ratio: 0.740, p = 0.005) with DFC. Conclusion The clinical course and prognosis of open abdomen treatment can significantly be improved by the use of treatment elements such as negative-pressure wound therapy and dynamic closure techniques, which are associated with definitive fascial closure. KW - open abdomen KW - peritonitis KW - fascial closure KW - hernia KW - abdominal compartment syndrome KW - abdominal trauma KW - burst abdomen KW - NPWT KW - VAC Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234871 SN - 1265-4906 VL - 26 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metzner, Valentin A1 - Herzog, Gloria A1 - Heckel, Tobias A1 - Bischler, Thorsten A1 - Hasinger, Julia A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Dischinger, Ulrich T1 - Liraglutide + PYY\(_{3-36}\) combination therapy mimics effects of Roux-en-Y bypass on early NAFLD whilst lacking-behind in metabolic improvements JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: Treatment options for NAFLD are still limited. Bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), has been shown to improve metabolic and histologic markers of NAFLD. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues lead to improvements in phase 2 clinical trials. We directly compared the effects of RYGB with a treatment using liraglutide and/or peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) in a rat model for early NAFLD. Methods: Obese male Wistar rats (high-fat diet (HFD)-induced) were randomized into the following treatment groups: RYGB, sham-operation (sham), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg/day), PYY\(_{3-36}\) (0.1 mg/kg/day), liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\), and saline. After an observation period of 4 weeks, liver samples were histologically evaluated, ELISAs and RNA sequencing + RT-qPCRs were performed. Results: RYGB and liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\) induced a similar body weight loss and, compared to sham/saline, marked histological improvements with significantly less steatosis. However, only RYGB induced significant metabolic improvements (e.g., adiponectin/leptin ratio 18.8 ± 11.8 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 in liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\)- or 1.4 ± 0.9 in sham-treated rats). Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed a high number of differentially regulated genes in RYGB treated animals only. Conclusions: The combination therapy of liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\) partly mimics the positive effects of RYGB on weight reduction and on hepatic steatosis, while its effects on metabolic function lack behind RYGB. KW - liraglutide KW - GLP-1 KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) KW - RYGB KW - gastric bypass KW - obesity KW - NASH KW - NAFLD Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255244 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 11 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Matthias A1 - Anger, Friedrich A1 - Eichlinger, Robin A1 - Brand, Markus A1 - Kim, Mia A1 - Reibetanz, Joachim A1 - Krajinovic, Katica A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Flemming, Sven T1 - Early Ileocecal Resection Is an Effective Therapy in Isolated Crohn’s Disease JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Despite the increasing incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s Disease (CD), no curative options exist and treatment remains complex. While therapy has mainly focused on medical approaches in the past, growing evidence reveals that in cases of limited inflammation, surgery can suffice as an alternative primary treatment. We retrospectively assessed the disease course and outcomes of 103 patients with terminal Ileitis who underwent primary surgery (n = 29) or received primary medical treatment followed by surgery (n = 74). Primary endpoint was the need for immunosuppressive medication after surgical treatment (ileocecal resection, ICR) during a two-years follow-up. Rates for laparoscopic ICR were enhanced in case of early surgery, but no differences were seen for postoperative complications. In case of immunosuppressive medication, patients with ICR at an early state of disease needed significantly less anti-inflammatory medication during the two-year postoperative follow-up compared to patients who were primarily treated medically. Furthermore, in a subgroup analysis for patients with localized ileocecal disease manifestation, early surgery consistently resulted in a decreased amount of medical therapy postoperatively. In conclusion primary ICR is safe and effective in patients with limited CD, and the need for immunosuppressive medication during the postoperative follow-up is low compared to patients receiving surgery at a later stage of disease. KW - Crohn’s Disease KW - surgical therapy KW - ileocecal resection Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228822 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel A1 - Arnold, Charlotte A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Stopper, Helga T1 - Decreased chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of obese patients after bariatric surgery JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The number of bariatric surgeries being performed worldwide has markedly risen. While the improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities after bariatric surgery is well-established, very little is known about its impact on cancer risk. The peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus test is a widely used method for the monitoring of chromosomal damage levels in vivo, and micronucleus frequency positively correlates with cancer risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the micronucleus frequency before and after bariatric surgery in obese subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 45 obese subjects before and at two time-points after bariatric surgery (6 and 12 months) to assess spontaneous micronucleus frequency. Consistent with the increased cancer risk previously shown, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss led to a significant reduction in lymphocyte micronucleus frequency after 12 months. Interestingly, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome further seemed to have an impact on the lymphocyte micronucleus frequency. Our findings may indicate a successful reduction of cancer risk in patients following weight loss caused by bariatric surgery. KW - obesity KW - bariatric surgery KW - cancer risk Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177090 VL - 8 IS - 11195 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fieber, Tabea T1 - Retrospektive unizentrische Analyse des Komplikationsmanagements bei Anastomoseninsuffizienz nach linksseitiger Kolon- und Rektumresektion T1 - Retrospective unicenter study of management of anastomotic leakage after left hemicolectomy and rectal resection N2 - Eine gefürchtete Komplikation nach Resektionen am Kolon mit Wiederherstellung der Kontinuität ist das Auftreten einer Anastomoseninsuffizienz (AI). Der Prozess der Diagnosestellung und das therapeutische Vorgehen sind zentrumsspezifisch und sehr heterogen. Ziel dieser Promotionsarbeit war die deskriptive Darstellung der Prävalenz, Diagnostik und Therapie von AI, um anhand dieser Daten ein bestimmtes zu favorisierendes Vorgehen zur AI-Behandlung herauszuarbeiten. Es wurde eine retrospektive unizentrische Analyse durchgeführt. Diese umfasste eine Kohorte von 744 Patienten, welche von 2009 bis 2013 am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg unter Kontinuitätserhalt kolorektal reseziert wurden. Es erfolgte eine deskriptive und statistische Auswertung mittels uni- und multivariater Analysen in Bezug auf Demographie, Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer AI und den Erfolg der einzelnen Therapiekonzepte. Während der Nachbeobachtungsphase vom im Mittel 2,5 Jahren entwickelten 10,48% der Patienten eine AI. 60% der Insuffizienzen wurden während der ersten 7 postoperativen Tage detektiert. Als Risikofaktoren konnten indikationsunabhängig männliches Geschlecht, offener Zugangsweg und pulmonale Erkrankungen herausgearbeitet werden. Indikationsspezifisch zeigte sich eine Zunahme des AI-Risikos bei Divertikulitis-Patienten mit pulmonalen Erkrankungen (OR 4,5) und Cortisoneinnahme (OR 5,4). Auffällig wurden Patienten mit AI durch heterogene und teils unspezifische Symptome – am häufigsten durch Fieber (28,21%) und auffällige Laborwerte (48,72%). Eine folgende CT-Diagnostik bestätigte die Diagnose in 76,32% der Fälle und war in 24,48% falsch negativ. Patienten mit schlechtem AZ bei Diagnose der AI zeigten eine signifikant höhere Mortalität. Ein protektives Stoma konnte eine AI nicht verhindern, aber ihre Symptome und die Schwere des Verlaufs abmildern. Gemessen an der Überlebensrate und der Revisionspflichtigkeit unterschieden sich die durchgeführten Maßnahmen beim Versuch der kontinuitätserhaltenden Therapie nicht in Bezug auf den Erfolg der Therapie. Wie Insuffizienz- und Mortalitätsrate nach AI zeigen, ist diese unizentrische Analyse international vergleichbar. Die Ableitung einer generellen Empfehlung zur therapeutischen Vorgehensweise bei AI ist nicht möglich. Vielmehr sind alle dargestellten Maßnahmen zur Beherrschung der AI sinnvoll, während die Wahl der Vorgehensweise weiterhin eine Individualentscheidung bleibt. N2 - Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a feared complication following continuity-preserving colon resection. The process of making the diagnosis and the planning of a therapeutic strategy are center-specific and very heterogeneous. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to describe the prevalence, diagnosis and therapy of AL, in order to use this data to identify a specific strategy that would overall improve outcomes while treating AL. A retrospective unicentric analysis was performed. This included a cohort of 744 patients who underwent colorectal resection with continuity preservation at the Würzburg University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. A descriptive and statistical evaluation was carried out using univariate and multivariate analyzes regarding demographics, risk factors for the development of AL and the success of the individual therapy concepts. During the follow-up period of a mean of 2.5 years, 10.48% of patients developed AL. 60% of the insufficiencies were detected during the first 7 postoperative days. Male gender, open access and pulmonary diseases were identified as non-surgery-related risk factors, while diverticulitis patients with pulmonary diseases (OR 4.5) and patients taking cortisone (OR 5.4) were identified as surgery-related risk factor. Patients with AL were characterized by heterogeneous and sometimes non-specific symptoms - most commonly fever (28.21%) and abnormal laboratory values (48.72%). A follow-up CT scan confirmed the diagnosis in 76.32% of cases and was false negative in 24.48%. Patients with poor general health at the time of diagnosing AL showed a significantly higher mortality rate. A protective stoma did not prevent AL, however showed to alleviate its symptoms and course severity. Measured in terms of the survival rate and the need for revision surgery, the measures carried out did not differ in success of the therapy when attempting continuity-preserving therapy. The rates of insufficiency and mortality after AL demonstrate, that this unicentric analysis is internationally comparable. It is was, however, at the time of this study not possible to derive a general recommendation for the therapeutic strategy towards AL. Rather, all of the measures presented for mastering AL make sense, while the choice of the strategy remains an individual decision. KW - Darmanastomose KW - Anastomoseninsuffizienz KW - Komplikationsmanagement KW - Rektumresektion Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360730 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belic, Stanislav A1 - Page, Lukas A1 - Lazariotou, Maria A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria A1 - Dragan, Mariola A1 - Springer, Jan A1 - Loeffler, Juergen A1 - Morton, Charles Oliver A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Ullmann, Andrew J. A1 - Wurster, Sebastian T1 - Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Alveolar Epithelial Barrier Invasion in a Transwell® Bilayer Model of Mucormycosis JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Understanding the mechanisms of early invasion and epithelial defense in opportunistic mold infections is crucial for the evaluation of diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. Recent studies revealed unique characteristics of the immunopathology of mucormycoses. We therefore adapted an alveolar Transwell® A549/HPAEC bilayer model for the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity and cytokine response to Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Hyphal penetration of the alveolar barrier was validated by 18S ribosomal DNA detection in the endothelial compartment. Addition of dendritic cells (moDCs) to the alveolar compartment led to reduced fungal invasion and strongly enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response, whereas epithelial CCL2 and CCL5 release was reduced. Despite their phenotypic heterogeneity, the studied Mucorales species elicited the release of similar cytokine patterns by epithelial and dendritic cells. There were significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in the alveolar compartment and epithelial barrier permeability for dextran blue of different molecular weights in Mucorales-infected samples compared to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Addition of monocyte-derived dendritic cells further aggravated LDH release and epithelial barrier permeability, highlighting the influence of the inflammatory response in mucormycosis-associated tissue damage. An important focus of this study was the evaluation of the reproducibility of readout parameters in independent experimental runs. Our results revealed consistently low coefficients of variation for cytokine concentrations and transcriptional levels of cytokine genes and cell integrity markers. As additional means of model validation, we confirmed that our bilayer model captures key principles of Mucorales biology such as accelerated growth in a hyperglycemic or ketoacidotic environment or reduced epithelial barrier invasion upon epithelial growth factor receptor blockade by gefitinib. Our findings indicate that the Transwell® bilayer model provides a reliable and reproducible tool for assessing host response in mucormycosis. KW - mucormycosis KW - alveolar epithelium KW - in vitro model KW - cytokines KW - dendritic cells Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252477 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Steger, Ulrich A1 - Klein-Hessling, Stefan A1 - Muhammad, Khalid A1 - Pusch, Tobias A1 - Murti, Krisna A1 - Wismer, Rhoda A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Klein, Ingo A1 - Müller, Nora A1 - Serfling, Edgar A1 - Avots, Andris T1 - The transcription factor NFaTc1 supports the rejection of heterotopic heart allografts JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - The immune suppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are used worldwide in transplantation medicine to suppress graft rejection. Both CsA and FK506 inhibit the phosphatase calcineurin (CN) whose activity controls the immune receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes. Downstream targets of CN in lymphocytes are the nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATs). We show here that the activity of NFATc1, the most prominent NFAT factor in activated lymphocytes supports the acute rejection of heterotopic heart allografts. While ablation of NFATc1 in T cells prevented graft rejection, ectopic expression of inducible NFATc1/αA isoform led to rejection of heart allografts in recipient mice. Acceptance of transplanted hearts in mice bearing NFATc1-deficient T cells was accompanied by a reduction in number and cytotoxicity of graft infiltrating cells. In CD8\(^+\) T cells, NFATc1 controls numerous intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis and the expression of numerous lymphokines, chemokines, and their receptors, including Cxcr3 that supports the rejection of allogeneic heart transplants. These findings favors NFATc1 as a molecular target for the development of new strategies to control the cytotoxicity of T cells upon organ transplantation. KW - NFATc1 KW - transplantation KW - heterologous KW - CD8+ T cells KW - ChIPseq KW - metabolism Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221530 VL - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stratmann [geb. Hirster], Tizia T1 - Veränderung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach leberchirurgischen Operationen T1 - Health-related Quality of Life after hepatic resection N2 - Es zeigte sich, dass die unmittelbare postoperative gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität erwartungsgemäß deutlich eingeschränkt, jedoch nach circa sechs Monaten wieder auf dem Ausgangsniveau der präoperativen Ebene angekommen war. Sowohl die Symptomskalen als auch die Funktionsskalen zeigten statistisch signifikante Unterschiede der erhobenen Werte bezüglich des Vergleichs der präoperativen zu den postoperativen Daten, dasselbe ließ sich über die Werte im Rahmen der Verlaufskontrolle nach circa sechs Monaten erheben. Eine kurzfristige Einbuße der Lebensqualität durch einen stationären Krankenhausaufenthalt sowie einer operativen Versorgung erscheint logisch. Für die zukünftige Entscheidung vor allem auch für Personen, welche aufgrund einer benignen Leberraumforderung eine operative Versorgung erhalten sollen, ist zu sagen, dass die globale gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität postoperativ nach circa sechs Monaten gleich bzw. etwas gebessert ausfiel und somit eine Rechtfertigung der operativen Versorgung auch bei benignen Erkrankungen darstellen kann. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Arbeit ist, dass gezeigt werden konnte, dass auch bei komplexen Lebereingriffen eine schnelle Rekonvaleszenz - mindestens auf das Niveau vor dem Eingriff - innerhalb der ersten sechs Monate zu erwarten ist. Die systematische Erfassung der Lebensqualität hilft die postoperativen Einschränkungen und die Rekonvaleszenz zu normieren. N2 - It has been shown that the immediate postoperative health-related quality of life was reduced significantly, as expected. After six months the health-related quality of life returned to the preoperative level. The data indicates that even in complex liver procedures, fast recovery - at least to the preoperative level - can be expected within six months. The systematic assessment of quality of life helps to objectify postoperative limitations and recovery. KW - Leberresektion KW - Lebensqualität KW - gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität KW - health-related quality of life KW - hrQOL KW - hepatic resection KW - hepatic surgery KW - Leberchirurgie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359977 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anany, Mohamed A. A1 - Kreckel, Jennifer A1 - Füllsack, Simone A1 - Rosenthal, Alevtina A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Siegmund, Daniela A1 - Wajant, Harald T1 - Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) enhances poly(I:C)-induced RIPK1-mediated necroptosis JF - Cell Death & Disease N2 - TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) sensitize for poly(I:C)-induced cell death. Notably, although CHX preferentially enhanced poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis, TWEAK enhanced primarily poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis. Both sensitizers of poly(I:C)-induced cell death, however, showed no major effect on proinflammatory poly(I:C) signaling. Analysis of a panel of HeLa-RIPK3 variants lacking TRADD, RIPK1, FADD, or caspase-8 expression revealed furthermore similarities and differences in the way how poly(I:C)/TWEAK, TNF, and TRAIL utilize these molecules for signaling. RIPK1 turned out to be essential for poly(I:C)/TWEAK-induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis but was dispensable for this response in TNF and TRAIL signaling. TRADD-RIPK1-double deficiency differentially affected poly(I:C)-triggered gene induction but abrogated gene induction by TNF completely. FADD deficiency abrogated TRAIL- but not TNF- and poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis, whereas TRADD elicited protective activity against all three death inducers. A general protective activity against poly(I:C)-, TRAIL-, and TNF-induced cell death was also observed in FLIPL and FLIPS transfectrants. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221104 VL - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Döhler, Ida T1 - Reduktion von Blutungskomplikationen bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit oraler Antikoagulation in der elektiven Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie durch individuelles Risiko-adjustiertes Bridging T1 - Reduction of bleeding complications in patients on oral anticoagulation in elective general and visceral surgery by individual risk-adjusted bridging N2 - Zahlreiche Studien zeigten, dass perioperatives Bridging der oralen Antikoagulation zu einem erhöhten Blutungsrisiko führt. Ursache hierfür könnte eine zu aggressive Herangehensweise bezüglich der Dosierung des Bridgings sein. Daher war das Ziel dieser Arbeit herauszufinden, ob ein Risiko-adjustiertes Bridging-Schema in der elektiven Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie zu einem geringeren Auftreten von postoperativen Blutungsereignissen führt und ob trotzdem ein adäquater Schutz vor thromboembolischen Ereignissen gegeben ist. Hierfür wurde retrospektiv und monozentrisch das Auftreten der genannten postoperativen Ereignisse in zwei Zeiträumen untersucht. Das erste Studienintervall erstreckte sich von Januar 2011 bis Dezember 2014 und spiegelt die Ereignisraten vor der internen Leitlinienänderung wider. Es wurden 263 Personen eingeschlossen. Das zweite Intervall begann im Januar 2017 und endete im Dezember 2019, in diesem wurden 271 Personen untersucht. Zwischen diesen beiden Zeiträumen wurde eine überarbeitete klinikinterne Bridging-Leitlinie etabliert, welche an das individuelle thromboembolische Risiko, Alter, Gewicht und die Nierenfunktion der Patientinnen und Patienten angepasst war. Postoperative Major- (8.4% vs. 4.1%, p=0.039) und Minor-Blutungen (13.7% vs. 6.3%, p=0.004) nahmen im zweiten Intervall signifikant ab, während das thromboembolische Risiko weiterhin niedrig blieb (0.8% vs. 1.1%, p=1). Außerdem zeigte sich, dass es zu keiner signifikanten Zunahme der Mortalität, der Reoperationen, der Länge des postoperativen stationären Aufenthalts oder der Erythrozytenkonzentrat-Transfusionen kam. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass die differenzierte Bridging-Leitlinie für die Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie mit einer signifikant erniedrigten Blutungsrate assoziiert ist und eine Anpassung des Bridgings an die patientenspezifischen Risikofaktoren wichtig ist. N2 - Multiple studies have shown that perioperative bridging of oral anticoagulation leads to an increased risk of bleeding. This could be due to an overly aggressive approach to bridging dosing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out whether a risk-adjusted bridging regimen in elective general and visceral surgery leads to a lower incidence of postoperative bleeding events and whether adequate protection against thromboembolic events is still provided. For this purpose, the occurrence of the aforementioned postoperative events was examined retrospectively and monocentrically in two time periods. The first study interval extended from January 2011 to December 2014 and reflects the event rates before the internal guideline change. 263 people were included. The second interval began in January 2017 and ended in December 2019, in which 271 people were examined. Between these two periods, a revised internal clinical bridging guideline was established, which was adapted to the individual thromboembolic risk, age, weight and renal function of the patients. Postoperative major (8.4% vs. 4.1%, p=0.039) and minor bleeding complications (13.7% vs. 6.3%, p=0.004) decreased significantly in the second interval, while the thromboembolic risk remained low (0.8% vs. 1.1%, p=1). In addition, there was no significant increase in mortality, reoperations, length of postoperative hospital stay or red blood cell transfusions. The results of this study show that the differentiated bridging guideline for general and visceral surgery is associated with a significantly lower bleeding rate and that it is important to adapt bridging to patient-specific risk factors. KW - Heparin KW - Blutung KW - Chirurgie KW - Perioperatives Bridging KW - Risikoadjustiertes Bridging KW - Blutungskomplikationen KW - Allgemein-/Viszeralchirurgie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-370639 ER - TY - THES A1 - Engelbrecht, Elisabeth T1 - Retrospektive Auswertung des Therapieerfolges einer PTCD-Anlage bei Insuffizienz der Pankreatojejunostomie nach Pankreaskopfresektionen T1 - Retrospective evaluation of effective treatment of biliopancreatic fistulas due to leakage of the pancreatojejunostomy after pancreatic head resection by transhepatic biliary drainage N2 - Trotz stetiger Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserungen in chirurgischen Anastomosetechniken treten postoperative Pankreasfisteln (POPF) in 20 - 25 % der Patienten und Patientinnen als Komplikation nach partieller Pankreatikoduodenektomie (PPD) auf. Kommt es zu einer kombinierten Leckage aus Gallen- und Pankreassekret, wurde in dieser Arbeit die Definition einer komplizierten POPF (CPPF) eingeführt, welche eine seltene, aber schwerwiegende und gefährliche postoperative Komplikation darstellt. Neben einer Relaparotomie kann eine Restpankreatektomie als ultima ratio zur Beherrschung dieser schweren Komplikation notwendig werden, welche mit einer Mortalität von 50 % verbunden ist. Die Internationale Studiengruppe der Pankreaschirurgie (ISGPS) entwickelte ein Klassifikationssystem für POPF, welches auf Abweichungen der üblichen postoperativen Behandlungsstrategie beruht. Jedoch wurden keine spezifischen Behandlungsalgorithmen bzw. Therapiekonzepte, insbesondere im Falle einer CPPF, vorgeschlagen. In dieser Arbeit soll die therapeutische Effektivität einer perkutanen transhepatischen Cholangiodrainage (PTCD) bei Patienten und Patientinnen mit einer CPPF evaluiert werden. Dazu wurde eine retrospektive Analyse an Patienten und Patientinnen durchgeführt, welche eine CPPF nach PPD entwickelten. Die Patienten und Patientinnen wurden hinsichtlich der gewählten Behandlungsstrategie, des Outcomes, postoperativer Komplikationen nach Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation, des CCI (Comprehensive Complication Index), der 30- und 90-Tage-Mortalität sowie Restpankreatektomie, postoperativer Arrosionsblutungen und der Hospitalisierungsdauer nach Behandlung einer CPPF analysiert. Zwischen 2007 und 2018 entwickelten 56 (19,1 %) von insgesamt 293 Patienten und Patientinnen eine relevante POPF (ISGPS Grad B/C) nach einer Pankreaskopfresektion. Darunter wurden 17 Patienten und Patientinnen mit einer komplizierten POPF (CPPF) identifiziert. 11 Patienten und Patientinnen erhielten als Behandlung eine PTCD und sechs Patienten und Patientinnen erhielten eine chirurgisch eingebrachte transhepatische Cholangiodrainage (CTCD) im Rahmen eines Revisionseingriffes. Es wurde keine Restpankreatektomie oder Reoperation nach einer initialen PTCD Therapie notwendig. In 4 von 17 Fällen kam es zu postoperativen Blutungen nach Einbringen einer transhepatischen Cholangiodrainage, der mediane CCI lag bei 44 ± 17,3, die mediane Hospitalisierungsdauer betrug 36 ± 19,2 Tage, die 30-Tage-Mortalität war 0 % und die 90-Tage-Mortalität 17,7 %. Es wurde kein Sterbefall in Verbindung mit einer PTCD beobachtet. Mit Hilfe dieser Studie kann gezeigt werden, dass eine PTCD eine praktikable, sichere und effektive Behandlungsoption für Patienten und Patientinnen mit einer CPPF bietet. Die Separierung von Galle und Pankreassaft stellt eine neuartige Behandlungsoption in ausgewählten Patienten und Patientinnen mit ausreichend drainierter CPPF nach PPD dar. N2 - Despite continuous advancements and improvements in surgical anastomosis techniques, postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) occur as complications in 20-25 % of patients after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPD). In cases of combined leakage of bile and pancreatic secretions, this work introduces the definition of a complicated POPF (CPPF), which is a rare but severe and dangerous postoperative complication. Besides a relaparotomy, a remaining pancreatectomy may be necessary as a last resort to control this severe complication, which is associated with a mortality rate of 50 %. The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) developed a classification system for POPF based on deviations from the usual postoperative treatment strategy. However, no specific treatment algorithms or therapeutic concepts, especially in the case of a CPPF, have been proposed. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTCD) in patients with a CPPF. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who developed a CPPF after PPD. The patients were analyzed regarding the chosen treatment strategy, outcome, postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), the 30- and 90-day mortality rates, as well as remaining pancreatectomy, postoperative erosive bleeding and hospitalization duration after treatment of a CPPF. Between 2007 and 2018, 56 (19.1%) out of a total of 293 patients developed a relevant POPF (ISGPS Grade B/C) after pancreatic head resection. Among them, 17 patients with a complicated POPF (CPPF) were identified. Eleven patients received PTCD as treatment, and six patients received surgically placed transhepatic biliary drainage (CTCD) as part of a revision procedure. No remaining pancreatectomy or reoperation was necessary after initial PTCD therapy. In 4 out of 17 cases, postoperative bleeding occurred after the introduction of a transhepatic biliary drainage; the median CCI was 44 ± 17.3, the median hospitalization duration was 36 ± 19.2 days, the 30-day mortality was 0%, and the 90-day mortality was 17.7%. No deaths associated with PTCD were observed. This study demonstrates that PTCD offers a feasible, safe and effective treatment option for patients with a CPPF. The separation of bile and pancreatic juice presents an innovative treatment option in selected patients with adequately drained CPPF after PPD. KW - Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs KW - Postoperative Komplikation KW - Pankreasfistel KW - PTCD KW - postoperative Pankreasfistel KW - Anastomoseninsuffizienz Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-370395 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baluapuri, Apoorva A1 - Hofstetter, Julia A1 - Dudvarski Stankovic, Nevenka A1 - Endres, Theresa A1 - Bhandare, Pranjali A1 - Vos, Seychelle Monique A1 - Adhikari, Bikash A1 - Schwarz, Jessica Denise A1 - Narain, Ashwin A1 - Vogt, Markus A1 - Wang, Shuang-Yan A1 - Düster, Robert A1 - Jung, Lisa Anna A1 - Vanselow, Jens Thorsten A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Geyer, Matthias A1 - Maric, Hans Michael A1 - Gallant, Peter A1 - Walz, Susanne A1 - Schlosser, Andreas A1 - Cramer, Patrick A1 - Eilers, Martin A1 - Wolf, Elmar T1 - MYC Recruits SPT5 to RNA Polymerase II to Promote Processive Transcription Elongation JF - Molecular Cell N2 - The MYC oncoprotein binds to promoter-proximal regions of virtually all transcribed genes and enhances RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function, but its precise mode of action is poorly understood. Using mass spectrometry of both MYC and Pol II complexes, we show here that MYC controls the assembly of Pol II with a small set of transcription elongation factors that includes SPT5, a subunit of the elongation factor DSIF. MYC directly binds SPT5, recruits SPT5 to promoters, and enables the CDK7-dependent transfer of SPT5 onto Pol II. Consistent with known functions of SPT5, MYC is required for fast and processive transcription elongation. Intriguingly, the high levels of MYC that are expressed in tumors sequester SPT5 into non-functional complexes, thereby decreasing the expression of growth-suppressive genes. Altogether, these results argue that MYC controls the productive assembly of processive Pol II elongation complexes and provide insight into how oncogenic levels of MYC permit uncontrolled cellular growth. KW - MYC KW - SPT5 KW - SUPT5H KW - SPT6 KW - RNA polymerase II KW - transcription KW - elongation rate KW - processivity KW - directionality KW - tumorigenesis Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221438 VL - 74 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Colunga, Thomas A1 - Hayworth, Miranda A1 - Kreß, Sebastian A1 - Reynolds, David M. A1 - Chen, Luoman A1 - Nazor, Kristopher L. A1 - Baur, Johannes A1 - Singh, Amar M. A1 - Loring, Jeanne F. A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Dalton, Stephen T1 - Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Multipotent Vascular Progenitors of the Mesothelium Lineage Have Utility in Tissue Engineering and Repair JF - Cell Reports N2 - In this report we describe a human pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular progenitor (MesoT) cell of the mesothelium lineage. MesoT cells are multipotent and generate smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes and self-assemble into vessel-like networks in vitro. MesoT cells transplanted into mechanically damaged neonatal mouse heart migrate into the injured tissue and contribute to nascent coronary vessels in the repair zone. When seeded onto decellularized vascular scaffolds, MesoT cells differentiate into the major vascular lineages and self-assemble into vasculature capable of supporting peripheral blood flow following transplantation. These findings demonstrate in vivo functionality and the potential utility of MesoT cells in vascular engineering applications. KW - stem cells KW - mesothelium KW - vascular progenitor KW - tissue engineering KW - regenerative medicine Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223217 VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlemann, Markus A1 - Zdzieblo, Daniela A1 - Friedrich, Alexandra A1 - Berger, Constantin A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Koepsell, Hermann A1 - Metzger, Marco T1 - Altered pancreatic islet morphology and function in SGLT1 knockout mice on a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet JF - Molecular Metabolism N2 - Objectives Glycemic control by medical treatment represents one therapeutic strategy for diabetic patients. The Na+-d-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is currently of high interest in this context. SGLT1 is known to mediate glucose absorption and incretin secretion in the small intestine. Recently, inhibition of SGLT1 function was shown to improve postprandial hyperglycemia. In view of the lately demonstrated SGLT1 expression in pancreatic islets, we investigated if loss of SGLT1 affects islet morphology and function. Methods Effects associated with the loss of SGLT1 on pancreatic islet (cyto) morphology and function were investigated by analyzing islets of a SGLT1 knockout mouse model, that were fed a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet (SGLT1−/−-GDFE) to circumvent the glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. To distinguish diet- and Sglt1−/−-dependent effects, wildtype mice on either standard chow (WT-SC) or the glucose-free, fat-enriched diet (WT-GDFE) were used as controls. Feeding a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet further required the analysis of intestinal SGLT1 expression and function under diet-conditions. Results Consistent with literature, our data provide evidence that small intestinal SGLT1 mRNA expression and function is regulated by nutrition. In contrast, pancreatic SGLT1 mRNA levels were not affected by the applied diet, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for SGLT1 in diverse tissues. Morphological changes such as increased islet sizes and cell numbers associated with changes in proliferation and apoptosis and alterations of the β- and α-cell population are specifically observed for pancreatic islets of SGLT1−/−-GDFE mice. Glucose stimulation revealed no insulin response in SGLT1−/−-GDFE mice while WT-GDFE mice displayed only a minor increase of blood insulin. Irregular glucagon responses were observed for both, SGLT1−/−-GDFE and WT-GDFE mice. Further, both animal groups showed a sustained release of GLP-1 compared to WT-SC controls. Conclusion Loss or impairment of SGLT1 results in abnormal pancreatic islet (cyto)morphology and disturbed islet function regarding the insulin or glucagon release capacity from β- or α-cells, respectively. Consequently, our findings propose a new, additional role for SGLT1 maintaining proper islet structure and function. KW - glucose transporter SGLT1 KW - pancreatic islet cytomorphology KW - pancreatic islet function KW - β-cell KW - α-cell Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224230 VL - 13 ER -