TY - JOUR T1 - Search for new phenomena in events with same-charge leptons and b-jets in pp collisions at √\(s\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for new phenomena in events with two same- charge leptons or three leptons and jets identi fi ed as originating from b - quarks in a data sample of 36.1 fb of pp collisions at ps = 13TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. No signi fi cant excess is found and limits are set on vector- like quark, fourtop- quark, and same- sign top- quark pair production. The observed ( expected) 95% CL mass limits for a vector- like T - and B - quark singlet are mT > 0 : 98 ( 0 : 99) TeV and mB > 1 : 00 ( 1 : 01) TeV respectively. Limits on the production of the vector- like T5=3 - quark are also derived considering both pair and single production; in the former case the lower limit on the mass of the T5=3 - quark is ( expected to be) 1.19 ( 1.21) TeV. The Standard Model fourtop- quark production cross- section upper limit is ( expected to be) 69 ( 29) fb. Constraints are also set on exotic four- top- quark production models. Finally, limits are set on samesign top- quark pair production. The upper limit on uu ! tt production is ( expected to be) 89 ( 59) fb for a mediator mass of 1TeV, and a dark- matter interpretation is also derived, excluding a mediator of 3TeV with a dark- sector coupling of 1.0 and a coupling to ordinary matter above 0.31. KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - SUSHI Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312681 VL - 12 IS - 39 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kagerer, Philipp Thomas T1 - Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetism and Topology at the Surface of MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\) - Bi\(_2\)Te\(_3\) Heterostructures - MBE Growth, Magnetism and Electronic Properties T1 - Zweidimensionaler Ferromagnetismus und Topologie an der Oberfläche von MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\) - Bi\(_2\)Te\(_3\) Heterostrukturen - MBE Wachstum, Magnetismus und elektronische Eigenschaften N2 - In this thesis, a model system of a magnetic topological heterostructure is studied, namely a heterosystem consisting of a single ferromagnetic septuple-layer (SL) of \(MnBi_2Te_4\) on the surface of the three-dimensional topological insulator \(Bi_2Te_3\). Using MBE and developing a specialized experimental setup, the first part of this thesis deals with the growth of \(Bi_2Te_3\) and thin films of \(MnBi_2Te_4\) on \(BaF_2\)-substrates by the co-evaporation of its binary constituents. The structural analysis is conducted along several suitable probes such as X-ray diffraction (XRD, XRR), AFM and scanning tunnelling electron microscopy (STEM). It is furthermore found that the growth of a single septuple-layer of \(MnBi_2Te_4\) on the surface of \(Bi_2Te_3\) can be facilitated. By using X-ray absorption and circular magnetic dichroism (XAS, XMCD), the magnetic properties of \(MnBi_2Te_4\) are explored down to the monolayer limit. The layered nature of the vdW crystal and a strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy establish stable out-of plane magnetic order at the surface of \(MnBi_2Te_4\), which is stable even down to the 2D limit. Pushing the material system to there, i.e. a single SL \(MnBi_2Te_4\) further allows to study the phase transition of this 2D ferromagnet and extract its critical behaviour with \(T_c \, = \, 14.89~k\) and \(\beta \, = \, 0.484\). Utilizing bulk crystals of the ferromagnetic \(Fe_3GeTe_2\) as substrate allows to influence, enhance and bias the magnetism in the single SL of \(MnBi_2Te_4\). By growing heterostructures of the type \(MnBi_2Te_4\) -- n layer \(Bi_2Te_3\) -- \(Fe_3GeTe_2\)for n between 0 and 2, it is shown, that a considerable magnetic coupling can be introduced between the \(MnBi_2Te_4\) top-layer and the substrate. Finally the interplay between topology and magnetism in the ferromagnetic extension is studied directly by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The heterostructure is found to host a linearly dispersing TSS at the centre of the Brillouin zone. Using low temperature and high-resolution ARPES a large magnetic gap opening of \(\sim\) 35 meV is found at the Dirac point of the TSS. By following its temperature evolution, it is apparent that the scaling behaviour coincides with the magnetic order parameter of the modified surface. N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird ein Modellsystem einer magnetischen topologischen Heterostruktur untersucht, genauer ein Heterosystem, das aus einer einzelnen ferromagnetischen Septupellage (SL) aus \(MnBi_2Te_4\) auf der Oberfläche des dreidimensionalen topologischen Isolators \(Bi_2Te_3\) besteht. Mittels MBE und eines eigens entwickelten Setups befasst sich der erste Teil mit dem Wachstum von \(Bi_2Te_3\) und \(MnBi_2Te_4\) auf \(BaF_2\)-Substraten durch die Ko-Verdampfung ihrer binären Bestandteile. Die Strukturanalyse wird mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugung (XRD, XRR), AFM und Rastertunnel-Elektronenmikroskopie (STEM) durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wird festgestellt, dass das Wachstum einer einzelnen SL von \(MnBi_2Te_4\) auf der Oberfläche von \(Bi_2Te_3\) möglich ist. Mit Hilfe von Röntgenabsorption und des zirkularen magnetischen Dichroismus (XAS, XMCD) werden die magnetischen Eigenschaften von \(MnBi_2Te_4\) bis zur Monolage untersucht. Die geschichtete Natur des vdW-Kristalls und eine starke uniaxiale magnetokristalline Anisotropie stabilisieren eine magnetische Ordnung an der Oberfläche von \(MnBi_2Te_4\), die sogar bis zum 2D-Limit stabil ist. Bei Betrachtung einer einzigen SL \(MnBi_2Te_4\), kann man den Phasenübergang dieses 2D-Ferromagneten weiter untersuchen und sein kritisches Verhalten mit \(T_c \, = \, 14,89~k\) und \(\beta \, = \, 0,484\) extrahieren. Die Verwendung von \(Fe_3GeTe_2\) als Substrat ermöglicht es, den Magnetismus in einzelnen SL von \(MnBi_2Te_4\) zu beeinflussen und zu verstärken. Durch Aufwachsen von Heterostrukturen des Typs \(MnBi_2Te_4\) -- n Schicht \(Bi_2Te_3\) -- \(Fe_3GeTe_2\) für n zwischen 0 und 2 wird gezeigt, dass eine beträchtliche magnetische Kopplung zwischen der \(MnBi_2Te_4\) Deckschicht und dem Substrat erreicht werden kann. Schließlich wird das Zusammenspiel zwischen Topologie und Magnetismus in dem System direkt durch winkelaufgelöstes ARPES untersucht. Die Heterostruktur weist einen linear dispergierendes TSS im Zentrum der Brillouin-Zone auf. In der Temperaturabhängigkeit wird eine große magnetische Lücke von \(\sim\) 35 meV am Dirac-Punkt des TSS gefunden, deren Skalierungsverhalten mit dem magnetischen Ordnungsparameter der modifizierten Oberfläche übereinstimmt. KW - Molekularstrahlepitaxie KW - ARPES KW - Magnetischer Röntgenzirkulardichroismus KW - Topologie KW - Magnetismus KW - Topological Insulator KW - Heterostructure Growth KW - Electronic Structure KW - Ferromagnetism Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360121 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - He, Jiangang A1 - Di Sante, Domenico A1 - Li, Ronghan A1 - Chen, Xing-Qiu A1 - Rondinelli, James M. A1 - Franchini, Cesare T1 - Tunable metal-insulator transition, Rashba effect and Weyl Fermions in a relativistic charge-ordered ferroelectric oxide JF - Nature Communications N2 - Controllable metal–insulator transitions (MIT), Rashba–Dresselhaus (RD) spin splitting, and Weyl semimetals are promising schemes for realizing processing devices. Complex oxides are a desirable materials platform for such devices, as they host delicate and tunable charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedoms. Here, using first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we identify an electric-field tunable MIT, RD effect, and Weyl semimetal in a known, charge-ordered, and polar relativistic oxide Ag2BiO3 at room temperature. Remarkably, a centrosymmetric BiO6 octahedral-breathing distortion induces a sizable spontaneous ferroelectric polarization through Bi3+/Bi5+ charge disproportionation, which stabilizes simultaneously the insulating phase. The continuous attenuation of the Bi3+/Bi5+ disproportionation obtained by applying an external electric field reduces the band gap and RD spin splitting and drives the phase transition from a ferroelectric RD insulator to a paraelectric Dirac semimetal, through a topological Weyl semimetal intermediate state. These findings suggest that Ag2BiO3 is a promising material for spin-orbitonic applications. KW - electronic properties and materials KW - ferroelectrics and multiferroics KW - topological matter Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227946 VL - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zhao, Suting T1 - Symmetry Resolution of Entanglement in Holography T1 - Symmetrieaufgelöste Verschränkung in Holographie N2 - This thesis investigates the charged moments and the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy in the context of the AdS3/CFT2 duality. In the first part, I focus on the holographic U(1) Chern-Simons-Einstein gravity, a toy model of AdS3/CFT2 with U(1) Kac-Moody symmetry. I start with the vacuum background with a single entangling interval. I show that, apart from a partition function in the grand canonical ensemble, the charged moments can also be interpreted as the two-point function of vertex operators on the replica surface. For the holographic description, I propose a duality between the bulk U(1) Wilson line and the boundary vertex operators. I verify this duality by deriving the effective action for the Chern-Simons fields and comparing the result with the vertex correlator. In the twist field approach, I show that the charged moments are given by the correlation function of the charged twist operators and the additional background operators. To solve the correlation functions involved, I prove the factorization of the U(1) extended conformal block into a U(1) block and a Virasoro block. The general expression for the U(1) block is derived by directly summing over the current descendant states, and the result shows that it takes an identical form as the vertex correlators. This leads to the conclusion that the disjoint Wilson lines compute the neutral U(1) block. The final result for the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy shows that it is always charge-independent in this model. In the second part, I study charged moments in higher spin holography, where the boundary theory is a CFT with W3 symmetry. I define the notion of the higher spin charged moments by introducing a spin-3 modular charge operator. Restricting to the vacuum background with a single entangling interval, I employ the grand canonical ensemble interpretation and calculate the charged moments via the known higher spin black hole solution. On the CFT side, I perform a perturbative expansion for the higher spin charged moments in terms of the connected correlation functions of the spin-3 modular charge operators. Using the recursion relation for the correlation functions of the W3 currents, I evaluate the charged moments up to the quartic order of the chemical potential. The final expression matches with the holographic result. My results both for U(1) Chern-Simons Einstein gravity and W3 higher spin gravity constitute novel checks of the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence. N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht die Symmetrie-aufgelöste Verschränkungsentropie im Kontext der AdS3/CFT2-Dualität. Im ersten Teil konzentriere ich mich auf die holographische U(1) Chern-Simons-Einstein- Gravitations-Theorie, welches ein Spielzeugmodell für AdS3/CFT2 mit U(1) Kac-Moody-Symmetrie ist. Ich beginne mit dem Vakuumhintergrund mit einem einzigen Verschränkungsintervall. Ich zeige, dass neben einer Partitionsfunktion im großen kanonischen Ensemble die geladenen Momente auch als Zweipunktfunktion von Vertex-Operatoren auf der Replikationsoberfläche interpretiert werden können. Für deren holographische Beschreibung wähle ich eine Dualität zwischen der Bulk U(1) Wilson-Linie und den Randvertexoperatoren. Diese Dualität verifiziere ich, indem ich die effektive Wirkung für die Chern-Simons-Felder herleite und das Ergebnis mit dem Vertex-Korrelator vergleiche. Im Twist-Field-Ansatz zeige ich, dass die geladenen Momente durch die Korrelationsfunktion der geladenen Twist-Operatoren und der zusätzlichen Hintergrundoperatoren gegeben sind. Um die beteiligten Korrelationsfunktionen zu lösen, beweise ich die Faktorisierung des U(1) erweiterten konformen Blocks in einen U(1)-Block und einen Virasoro- Block. Der allgemeine Ausdruck für den U(1) Block wird direkt durch die Summierung über alle Absteigerzustände hergeleitet. Das erzielte Ergebnis hat tatsächlich die gleiche Form wie die Vertex-Korrelatoren hat. Dies führt zur Schlussfolgerung, dass die getrennten Wilson-Linien den neutralen U(1) Block berechnen. Das Endergebnis für die Symmetrieaufgelöste Verschränkungsentropie zeigt, dass sie in diesem Modell immer ladungsunabhängig ist. Im zweiten Teil untersuche ich geladene Momente in der Holographie höherer Spins, wobei die Randtheorie eine CFT mit W3 Symmetrie ist. Ich definiere das Konzept der geladenen Momente höheren Spins, indem ich einen Spin-3-modularen Ladungsoperator einführe.Wenn ich mich auf den Vakuum-Hintergrund mit einem einzelnen Verschränkungsintervall beschränke, nutze ich die Interpretation des großkanonischen Ensembles und berechne die geladenen Momente mithilfe der bekannten Lösung für das schwarze Loch höheren Spins. Auf der CFT-Seite führe ich eine perturbative Expansion für die höheren spingeladenen Momente in Bezug auf die verbundenen Korrelationsfunktionen der modularen Spin-3-Ladungsoperatoren durch. Unter Verwendung der Rekursionsrelationen für die Korrelationsfunktionen der W3-Ströme werte ich die geladenen Momente bis zur quartischen Ordnung des chemischen Potenzials aus. Das endgültige Ergebnis stimmt mit dem holographischen Ergebnis überein. Meine Ergebnisse für U(1) Chern-Simons-Einstein-Gravitation und W3 höhere Spingravitation stellen neuartige Überprüfungen des AdS3/CFT2 dar Korrespondenz. KW - AdS-CFT-Korrespondenz KW - Gauge/Gravity Duality KW - Symmetry Resolution KW - Quantum Information Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363854 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wagner, Tim Matthias T1 - Characterization of 2D antimony lattices T1 - Charakterisierung 2D Antimon Atomgitter N2 - Two-dimensional lattices are in the focus of research in modern solid state physics due to their novel and exotic electronic properties with tremendous potential for seminal future applications. Of particular interest within this research field are quantum spin Hall insulators which are characterized by an insulating bulk with symmetry-protected metallic edge states. For electrons within these one-dimensional conducting channels, spin-momentum locking enables dissipationless transport - a property which promises nothing short of a revolution for electronic devices. So far, however, quantum spin Hall materials require enormous efforts to be realized such as cryogenic temperatures or ultra-high vacuum. A potential candidate to overcome these shortcomings are two-dimensional lattices of the topological semi-metal antimony due to their potential to host the quantum spin Hall effect while offering improved resilience against oxidation. In this work, two-dimensional lattices of antimony on different substrates, namely Ag(111), InSb(111) and SiC(0001), are investigated regarding their atomic structure and electronic properties with complimentary surface sensitive techniques. In addition, a systematic oxidation study compares the stability of Sb-SiC(0001) with that of the two-dimensional topological insulators bismuthene-SiC(0001) and indenene-SiC(0001). A comprehensive experimental analysis of the \((\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})R30^\circ\) Sb-Ag(111) surface, including X-ray standing wave measurements, disproves the proclaimed formation of a buckled antimonene lattice in literature. The surface lattice can instead be identified as a metallic Ag\(_2\)Sb surface alloy. Antimony on InSb(111) shows an unstrained Volmer-Weber island growth due to its large lattice mismatch to the substrate. The concomitant moir\'{e} situation at the interface imprints mainly in a periodic height corrugation of the antimony islands which as observed with scanning tunneling microscopy. On islands with various thicknesses, quasiparticle interference patterns allow to trace the topological surface state of antimony down to the few-layer limit. On SiC(0001), two different two-dimensional antimony surface reconstructions are identified. Firstly, a metallic triangular $1\times1$ lattice which constitutes the antimony analogue to the topological insulator indenene. Secondly, an insulating asymmetric kagome lattice which represents the very first realized atomic surface kagome lattice. A comparative, systematic oxidation study of elemental (sub-)monolayer materials on SiC(0001) reveals a high sensitivity of indenene and bismuthene to small dosages of oxygen. An improved resilience is found for Sb-SiC(0001) which, however, oxidizes nevertheless if exposed to oxygen. These surface lattices are therefore not suitable for future applications without additional protective measures. N2 - Zweidimensionale Kristallgitter sind aufgrund ihrer neuartigen, exotischen elektronischen Eigenschaften ein hochaktuelles Thema der modernen Festkörperphysik mit enormen Potential für bahnbrechende zukünftige Anwendungen. Die Klasse der Quanten-Spin-Hall-Isolatoren erfährt in diesem Zusammenhang besondere Aufmerksamkeit in der aktuellen Forschung aufgrund ihrer durch Symmetrie geschützten, metallischen Randkanäle. In diesen ermöglicht das sogenannte "spin-momentum locking" der Elektronen einen verlustfreien Ladungstransport - eine Eigenschaft, die nichts weniger als eine Revolution auf dem Gebiet der Elektronik verspricht. Bisher konnten Quanten-Spin-Hall-Isolatoren allerdings nur unter enormem Aufwand bei kryogenen Temperaturen oder im Ultrahochvakuum realisiert werden. Eine Materialkandidat welcher es ermöglichen könnte diese Unzulänglichkeit-en zu überwinden, sind zweidimensionale Gitter des topologischen Halbmetalls Antimon. Diese zeigen zum einen eine erhöhte Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Oxidation und gelten zum anderen als potentielle Kandidaten für die Realisierung eben jenes Quanten-Spin-Hall-Effekts. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden zweidimensionale Antimongitter auf unterschiedlichen Substraten, nämlich Ag(111), InSb(111) und SiC(0001), mit komplementären oberflächensensitiven Messmethoden hinsichtlich ihrer atomaren Struktur und elektronischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Zusätzlich wird mittels einer systematischen Oxydationsstudie die Stabilität von Sb-SiC(0001) mit derjenigen der topologischen Isolatoren Bismuthene-SiC(0001) und Indenene-SiC(0001) verglichen. Eine umfängliche experimentelle Analyse der \((\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})R30^\circ\) Sb-Ag(111) Oberfläche, inklusive stehenden Röntgenwellenfeldern, widerlegt die in der Literatur beschriebene Ausbildung eines gefalteten Antimonene-Gitters. Die Oberflächenstruktur kann stattdessen als metallische Ag\(_2\)Sb Oberflächenlegierung identifiziert werden. Auf InSb(111) zeigt Antimon, bedingt durch den großen Unterschied in der Gitterkonstante, ein unverzerrtes Volmer-Weber Inselwachstum. Die damit einhergehende Moir\'{e} Situation an der Grenzfläche spiegelt sich dabei in einer periodischen Wellung der Oberfläche wieder. Auf Antimon-Inseln unterschiedlicher Dicke kann der topologische Oberflächenzustand mittels Quasi-Teilchen-Interferenzmustern bis hinab auf Schichtdicken von wenigen Atomlagen beobachtet werden. Auf SiC(0001) können zwei unterschiedliche zweidimensionale Oberflächenrekonstruktionen von Antimon identifiziert werden. Zum einen ein metallisches $1\times1$ Dreiecksgitter, dem Antimon-Analogon zum topologischen Isolator Indenene. Zum anderen ein isolierendes asymme-trisches Antimon Kagomegitter - das Erste jemals hergestellte atomare Oberflächengitter mit Kagome-Struktur. Eine vergleichende systematische Oxydationsstudie von elementaren (Sub-)Monolagen-materialien auf SiC(0001) zeigt eine hohe Anfälligkeit von Indenene und Bismuthene gegen-über selbst kleinen Dosen an Sauerstoff. Sb-SiC(0001) zeigt eine deutlich stärkere Oxidationsresistenz, oxidiert aber ebenfalls in Kontakt mit Sauerstoff. Die untersuchten Oberflächengitter sind somit ohne zusätzliche Schutzmaßnahmen nicht für zukünftige Anwendungen nutzbar. KW - Antimon KW - experimental physics KW - condensed matter KW - 2D KW - antimony KW - ultra high vacuum KW - scanning tunneling microscopy KW - angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy KW - epitaxial growth KW - topological insulator KW - kagome lattice KW - Atomgitter Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363292 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Combination of inclusive and differential t(t)over-bar charge asymmetry measurements using ATLAS and CMS data at root S=7 and 8 TeV JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - This paper presents combinations of inclusive and differential measurements of the charge asymmetry (A(C)) in top quark pair (t(t)over-bar) events with a lepton+jets signature by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, using data from LHC proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of about 5 and 20 fb(-1) for each experiment, respectively. The resulting combined LHC measurements of the inclusive charge asymmetry are A(C)(LHC7) = 0.005 +/- 0.007 (stat) +/- 0.006 (syst) at 7 TeV and A(C)(LHC8) = 0.0055 +/- 0.0023 (stat) +/- 0.0025 (syst) at 8 TeV. These values, as well as the combination of A(C) measurements as a function of the invariant mass of the t(t)over-bar system at 8 TeV, are consistent with the respective standard model predictions. KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Patron distributions KW - Top physics KW - PP Collisions Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312669 VL - 33 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreinberg, Sören A1 - Porte, Xavier A1 - Schicke, David A1 - Lingnau, Benjamin A1 - Schneider, Christian A1 - Höfling, Sven A1 - Kanter, Ido A1 - Lüdge, Kathy A1 - Reitzenstein, Stephan T1 - Mutual coupling and synchronization of optically coupled quantum-dot micropillar lasers at ultra-low light levels JF - Nature Communications N2 - Synchronization of coupled oscillators at the transition between classical physics and quantum physics has become an emerging research topic at the crossroads of nonlinear dynamics and nanophotonics. We study this unexplored field by using quantum dot microlasers as optical oscillators. Operating in the regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) with an intracavity photon number on the order of 10 and output powers in the 100 nW range, these devices have high β-factors associated with enhanced spontaneous emission noise. We identify synchronization of mutually coupled microlasers via frequency locking associated with a sub-gigahertz locking range. A theoretical analysis of the coupling behavior reveals striking differences from optical synchronization in the classical domain with negligible spontaneous emission noise. Beyond that, additional self-feedback leads to zero-lag synchronization of coupled microlasers at ultra-low light levels. Our work has high potential to pave the way for future experiments in the quantum regime of synchronization. KW - nanoscale devices KW - quantum optics KW - semiconductor lasers Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229811 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kremer, Mark A1 - Biesenthal, Tobias A1 - Maczewsky, Lukas J. A1 - Heinrich, Matthias A1 - Thomale, Ronny A1 - Szameit, Alexander T1 - Demonstration of a two-dimensional PT-symmetric crystal JF - Nature Communications N2 - With the discovery of PT-symmetric quantum mechanics, it was shown that even non-Hermitian systems may exhibit entirely real eigenvalue spectra. This finding did not only change the perception of quantum mechanics itself, it also significantly influenced the field of photonics. By appropriately designing one-dimensional distributions of gain and loss, it was possible to experimentally verify some of the hallmark features of PT-symmetry using electromagnetic waves. Nevertheless, an experimental platform to study the impact of PT-symmetry in two spatial dimensions has so far remained elusive. We break new grounds by devising a two-dimensional PT-symmetric system based on photonic waveguide lattices with judiciously designed refractive index landscape and alternating loss. With this system at hand, we demonstrate a non-Hermitian two-dimensional topological phase transition that is closely linked to the emergence of topological mid-gap edge states. KW - micro-optics KW - optical materials and structures KW - topological matter Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230132 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Christian A1 - Glazov, Mikhail M. A1 - Korn, Tobias A1 - Höfling, Sven A1 - Urbaszek, Bernhard T1 - Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling JF - Nature Communications N2 - The optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are widely dominated by excitons, Coulomb-bound electron–hole pairs. These quasi-particles exhibit giant oscillator strength and give rise to narrow-band, well-pronounced optical transitions, which can be brought into resonance with electromagnetic fields in microcavities and plasmonic nanostructures. Due to the atomic thinness and robustness of the monolayers, their integration in van der Waals heterostructures provides unique opportunities for engineering strong light-matter coupling. We review first results in this emerging field and outline future opportunities and challenges. KW - optical physics KW - two-dimensional materials Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231295 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitt, Martin A1 - Moras, Paolo A1 - Bihlmayer, Gustav A1 - Cotsakis, Ryan A1 - Vogt, Matthias A1 - Kemmer, Jeannette A1 - Belabbes, Abderrezak A1 - Sheverdyaeva, Polina M. A1 - Kundu, Asish K. A1 - Carbone, Carlo A1 - Blügel, Stefan A1 - Bode, Matthias T1 - Indirect chiral magnetic exchange through Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-enhanced RKKY interactions in manganese oxide chains on Ir(100) JF - Nature Communications N2 - Localized electron spins can couple magnetically via the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction even if their wave functions lack direct overlap. Theory predicts that spin–orbit scattering leads to a Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya type enhancement of this indirect exchange interaction, giving rise to chiral exchange terms. Here we present a combined spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, and density functional theory study of MnO2 chains on Ir(100). Whereas we find antiferromagnetic Mn–Mn coupling along the chain, the inter-chain coupling across the non-magnetic Ir substrate turns out to be chiral with a 120° rotation between adjacent MnO2 chains. Calculations reveal that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction results in spin spirals with a periodicity in agreement with experiment. Our findings confirm the existence of indirect chiral magnetic exchange, potentially giving rise to exotic phenomena, such as chiral spin-liquid states in spin ice systems or the emergence of new quasiparticles. KW - magnetic properties and materials KW - surfaces, interfaces and thin films Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230986 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - China, Swarup A1 - Burrows, Susannah M. A1 - Wang, Bingbing A1 - Harder, Tristan H. A1 - Weis, Johannes A1 - Tanarhte, Meryem A1 - Rizzo, Luciana V. A1 - Brito, Joel A1 - Cirino, Glauber G. A1 - Ma, Po-Lun A1 - Cliff, John A1 - Artaxo, Paulo A1 - Gilles, Mary K. A1 - Laskin, Alexander T1 - Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin JF - Nature Communications N2 - In the Amazon basin, particles containing mixed sodium salts are routinely observed and are attributed to marine aerosols transported from the Atlantic Ocean. Using chemical imaging analysis, we show that, during the wet season, fungal spores emitted by the forest biosphere contribute at least 30% (by number) to sodium salt particles in the central Amazon basin. Hydration experiments indicate that sodium content in fungal spores governs their growth factors. Modeling results suggest that fungal spores account for ~69% (31–95%) of the total sodium mass during the wet season and that their fractional contribution increases during nighttime. Contrary to common assumptions that sodium-containing aerosols originate primarily from marine sources, our results suggest that locally-emitted fungal spores contribute substantially to the number and mass of coarse particles containing sodium. Hence, their role in cloud formation and contribution to salt cycles and the terrestrial ecosystem in the Amazon basin warrant further consideration. KW - atmospheric chemistry KW - biogeochemistry KW - environmental sciences Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222492 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ciuchi, Sergio A1 - Di Sante, Domenico A1 - Dobrosavljević, Vladimir A1 - Fratini, Simone T1 - The origin of Mooij correlations in disordered metals JF - npj Quantum Materials N2 - Sufficiently disordered metals display systematic deviations from the behavior predicted by semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Here the scattering events from impurities or thermal excitations can no longer be considered as additive-independent processes, as asserted by Matthiessen’s rule following from this picture. In the intermediate region between the regime of good conduction and that of insulation, one typically finds a change of sign of the temperature coefficient of resistivity, even at elevated temperature spanning ambient conditions, a phenomenology that was first identified by Mooij in 1973. Traditional weak coupling approaches to identify relevant corrections to the Boltzmann picture focused on long-distance interference effects such as “weak localization”, which are especially important in low dimensions (1D and 2D) and close to the zero-temperature limit. Here we formulate a strong-coupling approach to tackle the interplay of strong disorder and lattice deformations (phonons) in bulk three-dimensional metals at high temperatures. We identify a polaronic mechanism of strong disorder renormalization, which describes how a lattice locally responds to the relevant impurity potential. This mechanism, which quantitatively captures the Mooij regime, is physically distinct and unrelated to Anderson localization, but realizes early seminal ideas of Anderson himself, concerning the interplay of disorder and lattice deformations. KW - electronic properties and materials KW - phase transitions and critical phenomena KW - theory and computation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223148 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreinberg, Sören A1 - Grbešić, Tomislav A1 - Strauß, Max A1 - Carmele, Alexander A1 - Emmerling, Monika A1 - Schneider, Christian A1 - Höfling, Sven A1 - Porte, Xavier A1 - Reitzenstein, Stephan T1 - Quantum-optical spectroscopy of a two-level system using an electrically driven micropillar laser as a resonant excitation source JF - Light: Science & Applications N2 - Two-level emitters are the main building blocks of photonic quantum technologies and are model systems for the exploration of quantum optics in the solid state. Most interesting is the strict resonant excitation of such emitters to control their occupation coherently and to generate close to ideal quantum light, which is of utmost importance for applications in photonic quantum technology. To date, the approaches and experiments in this field have been performed exclusively using bulky lasers, which hinders the application of resonantly driven two-level emitters in compact photonic quantum systems. Here we address this issue and present a concept for a compact resonantly driven single-photon source by performing quantum-optical spectroscopy of a two-level system using a compact high-β microlaser as the excitation source. The two-level system is based on a semiconductor quantum dot (QD), which is excited resonantly by a fiber-coupled electrically driven micropillar laser. We dress the excitonic state of the QD under continuous wave excitation, and trigger the emission of single photons with strong multi-photon suppression (g\(^{(2)}\)(0)=0.02) and high photon indistinguishability (V = 57±9%) via pulsed resonant excitation at 156 MHz. These results clearly demonstrate the high potential of our resonant excitation scheme, which can pave the way for compact electrically driven quantum light sources with excellent quantum properties to enable the implementation of advanced quantum communication protocols. KW - near-infrared spectroscopy KW - photonic devices KW - semiconductor lasers KW - single photons and quantum effects Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229802 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soltamov, V. A. A1 - Kasper, C. A1 - Poshakinskiy, A. V. A1 - Anisimov, A. N. A1 - Mokhov, E. N. A1 - Sperlich, A. A1 - Tarasenko, S. A. A1 - Baranov, P. G. A1 - Astakhov, G. V. A1 - Dyakonov, V. T1 - Excitation and coherent control of spin qudit modes in silicon carbide at room temperature JF - Nature Communications N2 - One of the challenges in the field of quantum sensing and information processing is to selectively address and coherently manipulate highly homogeneous qubits subject to external perturbations. Here, we present room-temperature coherent control of high-dimensional quantum bits, the so-called qudits, associated with vacancy-related spins in silicon carbide enriched with nuclear spin-free isotopes. In addition to the excitation of a spectrally narrow qudit mode at the pump frequency, several other modes are excited in the electron spin resonance spectra whose relative positions depend on the external magnetic field. We develop a theory of multipole spin dynamics and demonstrate selective quantum control of homogeneous spin packets with sub-MHz spectral resolution. Furthermore, we perform two-frequency Ramsey interferometry to demonstrate absolute dc magnetometry, which is immune to thermal noise and strain inhomogeneity. KW - quantum information KW - qubits Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239149 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tan, Z. B. A1 - Elo, T. A1 - Puska, A. A1 - Sarkar, J. A1 - Lähteenmäki, P. A1 - Duerr, F. A1 - Gould, C. A1 - Molenkamp, L. W. A1 - Nagaev, K. E. A1 - Hakonen, P. J. T1 - Hanbury-Brown and Twiss exchange and non-equilibrium-induced correlations in disordered, four-terminal graphene-ribbon conductor JF - Scientific Reports N2 - We have investigated current-current correlations in a cross-shaped conductor made of graphene. The mean free path of charge carriers is on the order of the ribbon width which leads to a hybrid conductor where there is diffusive transport in the device arms while the central connection region displays near ballistic transport. Our data on auto and cross correlations deviate from the predictions of Landauer-Büttiker theory, and agreement can be obtained only by taking into account contributions from non-thermal electron distributions at the inlets to the semiballistic center, in which the partition noise becomes strongly modified. The experimental results display distinct Hanbury – Brown and Twiss (HBT) exchange correlations, the strength of which is boosted by the non-equilibrium occupation-number fluctuations internal to this hybrid conductor. Our work demonstrates that variation in electron coherence along atomically-thin, two-dimensional conductors has significant implications on their noise and cross correlation properties. KW - conductive hybrid KW - partition noise KW - occupation number fluctuations KW - current-current correlation KW - device arm Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240348 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waldherr, Max A1 - Lundt, Nils A1 - Klaas, Martin A1 - Betzold, Simon A1 - Wurdack, Matthias A1 - Baumann, Vasilij A1 - Estrecho, Eliezer A1 - Nalitov, Anton A1 - Cherotchenko, Evgenia A1 - Cai, Hui A1 - Ostrovskaya, Elena A. A1 - Kavokin, Alexey V. A1 - Tongay, Sefaattin A1 - Klembt, Sebastian A1 - Höfling, Sven A1 - Schneider, Christian T1 - Observation of bosonic condensation in a hybrid monolayer MoSe2-GaAs microcavity JF - Nature Communications N2 - Bosonic condensation belongs to the most intriguing phenomena in physics, and was mostly reserved for experiments with ultra-cold quantum gases. More recently, it became accessible in exciton-based solid-state systems at elevated temperatures. Here, we demonstrate bosonic condensation driven by excitons hosted in an atomically thin layer of MoSe2, strongly coupled to light in a solid-state resonator. The structure is operated in the regime of collective strong coupling between a Tamm-plasmon resonance, GaAs quantum well excitons, and two-dimensional excitons confined in the monolayer crystal. Polariton condensation in a monolayer crystal manifests by a superlinear increase of emission intensity from the hybrid polariton mode, its density-dependent blueshift, and a dramatic collapse of the emission linewidth, a hallmark of temporal coherence. Importantly, we observe a significant spin-polarization in the injected polariton condensate, a fingerprint for spin-valley locking in monolayer excitons. Our results pave the way towards highly nonlinear, coherent valleytronic devices and light sources. KW - polaritons KW - two-dimensional materials Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233280 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Ching Hua A1 - Imhof, Stefan A1 - Berger, Christian A1 - Bayer, Florian A1 - Brehm, Johannes A1 - Molenkamp, Laurens W. A1 - Kiessling, Tobias A1 - Thomale, Ronny T1 - Topolectrical Circuits JF - Communications Physics N2 - Invented by Alessandro Volta and Félix Savary in the early 19th century, circuits consisting of resistor, inductor and capacitor (RLC) components are omnipresent in modern technology. The behavior of an RLC circuit is governed by its circuit Laplacian, which is analogous to the Hamiltonian describing the energetics of a physical system. Here we show that topological insulating and semimetallic states can be realized in a periodic RLC circuit. Topological boundary resonances (TBRs) appear in the impedance read-out of a topolectrical circuit, providing a robust signal for the presence of topological admittance bands. For experimental illustration, we build the Su-Schrieffer–Heeger circuit, where our impedance measurement detects the TBR midgap state. Topolectrical circuits establish a bridge between electrical engineering and topological states of matter, where the accessibility, scalability, and operability of electronics synergizes with the intricate boundary properties of topological phases. KW - electronics, photonics and device physics KW - topological insulators Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236422 VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kügel, Jens A1 - Karolak, Michael A1 - Krönlein, Andreas A1 - Serrate, David A1 - Bode, Matthias A1 - Sangiovanni, Giorgio T1 - Reversible magnetic switching of high-spin molecules on a giant Rashba surface JF - npj Quantum Materials N2 - The quantum mechanical screening of a spin via conduction electrons depends sensitively on the environment seen by the magnetic impurity. A high degree of responsiveness can be obtained with metal complexes, as the embedding of a metal ion into an organic molecule prevents intercalation or alloying and allows for a good control by an appropriate choice of the ligands. There are therefore hopes to reach an “on demand” control of the spin state of single molecules adsorbed on substrates. Hitherto one route was to rely on “switchable” molecules with intrinsic bistabilities triggered by external stimuli, such as temperature or light, or on the controlled dosing of chemicals to form reversible bonds. However, these methods constrain the functionality to switchable molecules or depend on access to atoms or molecules. Here, we present a way to induce bistability also in a planar molecule by making use of the environment. We found that the particular “habitat” offered by an antiphase boundary of the Rashba system BiAg2 stabilizes a second structure for manganese phthalocyanine molecules, in which the central Mn ion moves out of the molecular plane. This corresponds to the formation of a large magnetic moment and a concomitant change of the ground state with respect to the conventional adsorption site. The reversible spin switch found here shows how we can not only rearrange electronic levels or lift orbital degeneracies via the substrate, but even sway the effects of many-body interactions in single molecules by acting on their surrounding. KW - electronic structure of atoms and molecules KW - magnetic properties and materials KW - surfaces, interfaces and thin films Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230866 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Yuhai A1 - Wang, Zhenjiu A1 - Sato, Toshihiro A1 - Hohenadler, Martin A1 - Wang, Chong A1 - Guo, Wenan A1 - Assaad, Fakher F. T1 - Superconductivity from the condensation of topological defects in a quantum spin-Hall insulator JF - Nature Communications N2 - The discovery of quantum spin-Hall (QSH) insulators has brought topology to the forefront of condensed matter physics. While a QSH state from spin-orbit coupling can be fully understood in terms of band theory, fascinating many-body effects are expected if it instead results from spontaneous symmetry breaking. Here, we introduce a model of interacting Dirac fermions where a QSH state is dynamically generated. Our tuning parameter further allows us to destabilize the QSH state in favour of a superconducting state through proliferation of charge-2e topological defects. This route to superconductivity put forward by Grover and Senthil is an instance of a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP). Our model offers the possibility to study DQCPs without a second length scale associated with the reduced symmetry between field theory and lattice realization and, by construction, is amenable to large-scale fermion quantum Monte Carlo simulations. KW - computational science KW - phase transitions and critical phenomena KW - topological insulators Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237024 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of prompt photon production in √ s(NN) = 8.16 TeV \(p\) Pb collisions with ATLAS JF - Physics letters B N2 - The inclusive production rates of isolated, prompt photons in p Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 8.16 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 165 nb(-1) recorded in 2016. The cross-section and nuclear modification factor R-p pb are measured as a function of photon transverse energy from 20 GeV to 550 GeV and in three nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass pseudorapidity regions, (-2.83, -2.02), (-1.84, 0.91), and (1.09, 1.90). The cross-section and R-p pb values are compared with the results of a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation, with and without nuclear parton distribution function modifications, and with expectations based on a model of the energy loss of partons prior to the hard scattering. The data disfavour a large amount of energy loss and provide new constraints on the parton densities in nuclei. (C) 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. KW - Boson Production KW - PPB Collisions Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312697 VL - 796 ER -