TY  - JOUR
A1  - Woodcock, B. A.
A1  - Garratt, M. P. D.
A1  - Powney, G. D.
A1  - Shaw, R. F.
A1  - Osborne, J. L.
A1  - Soroka, J.
A1  - Lindström, S. A. M.
A1  - Stanley, D.
A1  - Ouvrard, P.
A1  - Edwards, M. E.
A1  - Jauker, F.
A1  - McCracken, M. E.
A1  - Zou, Y.
A1  - Potts, S. G.
A1  - Rundlöf, M.
A1  - Noriega, J. A.
A1  - Greenop, A.
A1  - Smith, H. G.
A1  - Bommarco, R.
A1  - van der Werf, W.
A1  - Stout, J. C.
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, I.
A1  - Morandin, L.
A1  - Bullock, J. M.
A1  - Pywell, R. F.
T1  - Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - How insects promote crop pollination remains poorly understood in terms of the contribution of functional trait differences between species. We used meta-analyses to test for correlations between community abundance, species richness and functional trait metrics with oilseed rape yield, a globally important crop. While overall abundance is consistently important in predicting yield, functional divergence between species traits also showed a positive correlation. This result supports the complementarity hypothesis that pollination function is maintained by non-overlapping trait distributions. In artificially constructed communities (mesocosms), species richness is positively correlated with yield, although this effect is not seen under field conditions. As traits of the dominant species do not predict yield above that attributed to the effect of abundance alone, we find no evidence in support of the mass ratio hypothesis. Management practices increasing not just pollinator abundance, but also functional divergence, could benefit oilseed rape agriculture.
KW  - agroecology
KW  - agriculture
KW  - ecosystem services
KW  - environmental sciences
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233787
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Annunziata, Ida
A1  - van de Vlekkert, Diantha
A1  - Wolf, Elmar
A1  - Finkelstein, David
A1  - Neale, Geoffrey
A1  - Machado, Eda
A1  - Mosca, Rosario
A1  - Campos, Yvan
A1  - Tillman, Heather
A1  - Roussel, Martine F.
A1  - Weesner, Jason Andrew
A1  - Fremuth, Leigh Ellen
A1  - Qiu, Xiaohui
A1  - Han, Min-Joon
A1  - Grosveld, Gerard C.
A1  - d'Azzo, Alessandra
T1  - MYC competes with MiT/TFE in regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy through an epigenetic rheostat
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Coordinated regulation of the lysosomal and autophagic systems ensures basal catabolism and normal cell physiology, and failure of either system causes disease. Here we describe an epigenetic rheostat orchestrated by c-MYC and histone deacetylases that inhibits lysosomal and autophagic biogenesis by concomitantly repressing the expression of the transcription factors MiT/TFE and FOXH1, and that of lysosomal and autophagy genes. Inhibition of histone deacetylases abates c-MYC binding to the promoters of lysosomal and autophagy genes, granting promoter occupancy to the MiT/TFE members, TFEB and TFE3, and/or the autophagy regulator FOXH1. In pluripotent stem cells and cancer, suppression of lysosomal and autophagic function is directly downstream of c-MYC overexpression and may represent a hallmark of malignant transformation. We propose that, by determining the fate of these catabolic systems, this hierarchical switch regulates the adaptive response of cells to pathological and physiological cues that could be exploited therapeutically.
KW  - autophagy
KW  - cancer
KW  - cancer metabolism
KW  - cell biology
KW  - mechanisms of disease
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221189
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mercier, Rebecca
A1  - Wolmarans, Annemarie
A1  - Schubert, Jonathan
A1  - Neuweiler, Hannes
A1  - Johnson, Jill L.
A1  - LaPointe, Paul
T1  - The conserved NxNNWHW motif in Aha-type co-chaperones modulates the kinetics of Hsp90 ATPase stimulation
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Hsp90 is a dimeric molecular chaperone that is essential for the folding and activation of hundreds of client proteins. Co-chaperone proteins regulate the ATP-driven Hsp90 client activation cycle. Aha-type co-chaperones are the most potent stimulators of the Hsp90 ATPase activity but the relationship between ATPase regulation and in vivo activity is poorly understood. We report here that the most strongly conserved region of Aha-type co-chaperones, the N terminal NxNNWHW motif, modulates the apparent affinity of Hsp90 for nucleotide substrates. The ability of yeast Aha-type co-chaperones to act in vivo is ablated when the N terminal NxNNWHW motif is removed. This work suggests that nucleotide exchange during the Hsp90 functional cycle may be more important than rate of catalysis.
KW  - biophysics
KW  - cell growth
KW  - chaperones
KW  - enzymes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224007
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lübcke, Paul M.
A1  - Ebbers, Meinolf N. B.
A1  - Volzke, Johann
A1  - Bull, Jana
A1  - Kneitz, Susanne
A1  - Engelmann, Robby
A1  - Lang, Hermann
A1  - Kreikemeyer, Bernd
A1  - Müller-Hilke, Brigitte
T1  - Periodontal treatment prevents arthritis in mice and methotrexate ameliorates periodontal bone loss
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Recent studies indicate a causal relationship between the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis and rheumatoid arthritis involving the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides. We therefore postulated that therapeutic eradication P. gingivalis may ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis development and here turned to a mouse model in order to challenge our hypothesis. F1 (DBA/1 x B10.Q) mice were orally inoculated with P. gingivalis before collagen-induced arthritis was provoked. Chlorhexidine or metronidazole were orally administered either before or during the induction phase of arthritis and their effects on arthritis progression and alveolar bone loss were compared to intraperitoneally injected methotrexate. Arthritis incidence and severity were macroscopically scored and alveolar bone loss was evaluated via microcomputed tomography. Serum antibody titres against P. gingivalis were quantified by ELISA and microbial dysbiosis following oral inoculation was monitored in stool samples via microbiome analyses. Both, oral chlorhexidine and metronidazole reduced the incidence and ameliorated the severity of collagen-induced arthritis comparable to methotrexate. Likewise, all three therapies attenuated alveolar bone loss. Relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae was increased after oral inoculation with P. gingivalis and decreased after treatment. This is the first study to describe beneficial effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on collagen-induced arthritis in mice and suggests that mouthwash with chlorhexidine or metronidazole may also be beneficial for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a coexisting periodontitis. Methotrexate ameliorated periodontitis in mice, further raising the possibility that methotrexate may also positively impact on the tooth supporting tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
KW  - rheumatic diseases
KW  - rheumatology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237355
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seitz, Nicola
A1  - vanEngelsdorp, Dennis
A1  - Leonhardt, Sara D.
T1  - Conserving bees in destroyed landscapes: The potentials of reclaimed sand mines
JF  - Global Ecology and Conservation
N2  - Sand mines represent anthropogenically impacted habitats found worldwide, which bear potential for bee conservation. Although floral resources can be limited at these habitats, vegetation free patches of open sandy soils and embankments may offer good nesting possibilities for sand restricted and other bees. We compared bee communities as found in three reclaimed sand mines and at adjacent roadside meadows in Maryland, USA, over two years. Both sand mines and roadsides hosted diverse bee communities with 111 and 88 bee species, respectively. Bee abundances as well as richness and Shannon diversity of bee species were higher in sand mines than at roadsides and negatively correlated with the percentage of vegetational ground cover. Species composition also differed significantly between habitats. Sand mines hosted a higher proportion of ground nesters, more uncommon and more ‘sand loving’ bees similar to natural sandy areas of Maryland. Despite the destruction of the original pre-mining habitat, sand mines thus appear to represent a unique habitat for wild bees, particularly when natural vegetation and open sand spots are encouraged. Considering habitat loss, the lack of natural disturbance regimes, and ongoing declines of wild bees, sand mines could add promising opportunities for bee conservation which has hitherto mainly focused on agricultural and urban habitats.
KW  - bee conservation
KW  - bee decline
KW  - habitat restoration
KW  - land use
KW  - wild bees
KW  - ground nesters
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235877
VL  - 19
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hofrichter, Michaela A. H.
A1  - Doll, Julia
A1  - Habibi, Haleh
A1  - Enayati, Samaneh
A1  - Mehrjardi, Mohammad Yahya Vahidi
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
A1  - Haaf, Thomas
A1  - Vona, Barbara
T1  - Exome-wide copy number variation analysis identifies a COL9A1 in frame deletion that is associated with hearing loss
JF  - European Journal of Medical Genetics
N2  - Pathogenic variants in COL9A1 are primarily associated with autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome. Patients with COL9A1-associated Stickler syndrome (STL) present hearing loss (HL), ophthalmic manifestations and skeletal abnormalities. However, the clinical spectrum of patients with COL9A1 variants can also include multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, as well as non-syndromic HL that was observed in one previously reported proband. Exome sequencing was performed on the genomic DNA of an Iranian patient and his affected brother who both report non-syndromic HL. A 44.6 kb homozygous in-frame deletion spanning exons 6 to 33 of COL9A1 was detected via exome-based copy number variation analysis. The deleted exons were confirmed by PCR in the patient and his affected brother, who both have non-syndromic HL. Segregation analysis via qPCR confirmed the parents as heterozygous deletion carriers. Breakpoint analysis mapped the homozygous deletion spanning introns 5 to 33 (g.70,948,188_70,997,277del, NM_001851.4(COL9A1):c.697–3754_2112+769del, p.(Phe233_Ser704del), with an additional 67 bp of inserted intronic sequence that may have originated due to a fork stalling and template switching/microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (FoSTeS/MMBIR) mechanism. This mechanism has not been previously implicated in HL or STL. This is also the first reported copy number variation in COL9A1 that was identified through an exome data set in an Iranian family with apparent non-syndromic HL. The present study emphasizes the importance of exome-wide copy number variation analysis in molecular diagnosis and provides supporting evidence to associate COL9A1 with autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL.
KW  - COL9A1
KW  - copy number variation
KW  - FoSTeS/MMBIR mechanism
KW  - non-syndromic hearing loss
KW  - Stickler syndrome
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322008
VL  - 62
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baluapuri, Apoorva
A1  - Hofstetter, Julia
A1  - Dudvarski Stankovic, Nevenka
A1  - Endres, Theresa
A1  - Bhandare, Pranjali
A1  - Vos, Seychelle Monique
A1  - Adhikari, Bikash
A1  - Schwarz, Jessica Denise
A1  - Narain, Ashwin
A1  - Vogt, Markus
A1  - Wang, Shuang-Yan
A1  - Düster, Robert
A1  - Jung, Lisa Anna
A1  - Vanselow, Jens Thorsten
A1  - Wiegering, Armin
A1  - Geyer, Matthias
A1  - Maric, Hans Michael
A1  - Gallant, Peter
A1  - Walz, Susanne
A1  - Schlosser, Andreas
A1  - Cramer, Patrick
A1  - Eilers, Martin
A1  - Wolf, Elmar
T1  - MYC Recruits SPT5 to RNA Polymerase II to Promote Processive Transcription Elongation
JF  - Molecular Cell
N2  - The MYC oncoprotein binds to promoter-proximal regions of virtually all transcribed genes and enhances RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function, but its precise mode of action is poorly understood. Using mass spectrometry of both MYC and Pol II complexes, we show here that MYC controls the assembly of Pol II with a small set of transcription elongation factors that includes SPT5, a subunit of the elongation factor DSIF. MYC directly binds SPT5, recruits SPT5 to promoters, and enables the CDK7-dependent transfer of SPT5 onto Pol II. Consistent with known functions of SPT5, MYC is required for fast and processive transcription elongation. Intriguingly, the high levels of MYC that are expressed in tumors sequester SPT5 into non-functional complexes, thereby decreasing the expression of growth-suppressive genes. Altogether, these results argue that MYC controls the productive assembly of processive Pol II elongation complexes and provide insight into how oncogenic levels of MYC permit uncontrolled cellular growth.
KW  - MYC
KW  - SPT5
KW  - SUPT5H
KW  - SPT6
KW  - RNA polymerase II
KW  - transcription
KW  - elongation rate
KW  - processivity
KW  - directionality
KW  - tumorigenesis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221438
VL  - 74
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mooij, Wolf M
A1  - van Wijk, Dianneke
A1  - Beusen, Arthur HW
A1  - Brederveld, Robert J
A1  - Chang, Manqi
A1  - Cobben, Marleen MP
A1  - DeAngelis, Don L
A1  - Downing, Andrea S
A1  - Green, Pamela
A1  - Gsell, Alena S
A1  - Huttunen, Inese
A1  - Janse, Jan H
A1  - Janssen, Annette BG
A1  - Hengeveld, Geerten M
A1  - Kong, Xiangzhen
A1  - Kramer, Lilith
A1  - Kuiper, Jan J
A1  - Langan, Simon J
A1  - Nolet, Bart A
A1  - Nuijten, Rascha JM
A1  - Strokal, Maryna
A1  - Troost, Tineke A
A1  - van Dam, Anne A
A1  - Teurlincx, Sven
T1  - Modeling water quality in the Anthropocene: directions for the next-generation aquatic ecosystem models
JF  - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
N2  - “Everything changes and nothing stands still” (Heraclitus). Here we review three major improvements to freshwater aquatic ecosystem models — and ecological models in general — as water quality scenario analysis tools towards a sustainable future. To tackle the rapid and deeply connected dynamics characteristic of the Anthropocene, we argue for the inclusion of eco-evolutionary, novel ecosystem and social-ecological dynamics. These dynamics arise from adaptive responses in organisms and ecosystems to global environmental change and act at different integration levels and different time scales. We provide reasons and means to incorporate each improvement into aquatic ecosystem models. Throughout this study we refer to Lake Victoria as a microcosm of the evolving novel social-ecological systems of the Anthropocene. The Lake Victoria case clearly shows how interlinked eco-evolutionary, novel ecosystem and social-ecological dynamics are, and demonstrates the need for transdisciplinary research approaches towards global sustainability.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224173
VL  - 36
ER  -