TY  - JOUR
A1  - Robinson, Thomas M.
A1  - Hutmacher, Dietmar W.
A1  - Dalton, Paul D.
T1  - The next frontier in melt electrospinning: taming the jet
JF  - Advanced Functional Materials
N2  - There is a specialized niche for the electrohydrodynamic jetting of melts, from biomedical products to filtration and soft matter applications. The next frontier includes optics, microfluidics, flexible electronic devices, and soft network composites in biomaterial science and soft robotics. The recent emphasis on reproducibly direct‐writing continual molten jets has enabled a spectrum of contemporary microscale 3D objects to be fabricated. One strong suit of melt processing is the capacity for the jet to solidify rapidly into a fiber, thus fixing a particular structure into position. The ability to direct‐write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures has greatly contributed to a large number of recent studies, explicitly, toward fiber–hydrogel composites and fugitive inks, and has expanded into several biomedical applications such as cartilage, skin, periosteum, and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Following the footsteps of a publication that summarized melt electrowriting literature up to 2015, the most recent literature from then until now is reviewed to provide a continuous and comprehensive timeline that demonstrates the latest advances as well as new perspectives for this emerging technology.
KW  - 3D printing
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - eletrhydrodynamic
KW  - melt electrospinning writing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204819
VL  - 29
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stauss, Dennis
A1  - Brunner, Cornelia
A1  - Berberich-Siebelt, Friederike
A1  - Höpken, Uta E.
A1  - Lipp, Martin
A1  - Müller, Gerd
T1  - The transcriptional coactivator Bob1 promotes the development of follicular T helper cells via Bcl6
JF  - Embo Journal
N2  - Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are key regulators of the germinal center reaction and long-term humoral immunity. Tfh cell differentiation requires the sustained expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6; however, its regulation in CD4\(^+\) T cells is incompletely understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator Bob1, encoded by the Pou2af1 gene, promotes Bcl6 expression and Tfh cell development. We found that Bob1 together with the octamer transcription factors Oct1/Oct2 can directly bind to and transactivate the Bcl6 and Btla promoters. Mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Bob1 is required for the expression of normal levels of Bcl6 and BTLA, thereby controlling the pool size and composition of the Tfh compartment in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Our data indicate that T cell-expressed Bob1 is directly involved in Tfh cell differentiation and required for mounting normal T cell-dependent B-cell responses.
KW  - follicular T helper cells
KW  - germinal center
KW  - humoral immunity
KW  - Pou2af1
KW  - T cell differentiation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189506
VL  - 35
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beck, Hanna
A1  - Titze, Stephanie I.
A1  - Hübner, Silvia
A1  - Busch, Martin
A1  - Schlieper, Georg
A1  - Schultheiss, Ulla T.
A1  - Wanner, Christoph
A1  - Kronenberg, Florian
A1  - Krane, Vera
A1  - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe
A1  - Köttgen, Anna
T1  - Heart Failure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The GCKD Study
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Background and Aims 
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for development and progression of heart failure (HF). CKD and HF share common risk factors, but few data exist on the prevalence, signs and symptoms as well as correlates of HF in populations with CKD of moderate severity. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of HF in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study, a large observational prospective study. 

Methods and Results 
We analyzed data from 5,015 GCKD patients aged 18-74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m\(^{2}\) or with an eGFR >= 60 and overt proteinuria (>500 mg/d). We evaluated a definition of HF based on the Gothenburg score, a clinical HF score used in epidemiological studies (Gothenburg HF), and self-reported HF. Factors associated with HF were identified using multivariable adjusted logistic regression. The prevalence of Gothenburg HF was 43% (ranging from 24% in those with eGFR >90 to 59% in those with eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2). The corresponding estimate for self-reported HF was 18% (range 5%-24%). Lower eGFR was significantly and independently associated with the Gothenburg definition of HF (p-trend <0.001). Additional significantly associated correlates included older age, female gender, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, anemia, sleep apnea, and lower educational status. 

Conclusions 
The burden of self-reported and Gothenburg HF among patients with CKD is high. The proportion of patients who meet the criteria for Gothenburg HF in a European cohort of patients with moderate CKD is more than twice as high as the prevalence of self-reported HF. However, because of the shared signs, symptoms and medications of HF and CKD, the Gothenburg score cannot be used to reliably define HF in CKD patients. Our results emphasize the need for early screening for HF in patients with CKD.
KW  - global outcomes
KW  - cardiovascularm disease
KW  - consensus conference
KW  - men born
KW  - insufficiency
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - European Society
KW  - atherosclerosis risk
KW  - United States
KW  - glomerular filtration rate
KW  - KDIGO
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143315
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Janssen, Jan P.
A1  - Hoffmann, Jan V.
A1  - Kanno, Takayuki
A1  - Nose, Naoko
A1  - Grunz, Jan-Peter
A1  - Onoguchi, Masahisa
A1  - Chen, Xinyu
A1  - Lapa, Constantin
A1  - Buck, Andreas K.
A1  - Higuchi, Takahiro
T1  - Capabilities of multi-pinhole SPECT with two stationary detectors for in vivo rat imaging
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - We aimed to investigate the image quality of the U-SPECT5/CT E-Class a micro single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system with two large stationary detectors for visualization of rat hearts and bones using clinically available \(^{99m}\)Tc-labelled tracers. Sensitivity, spatial resolution, uniformity and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the small-animal SPECT scanner were investigated in phantom studies using an ultra-high-resolution rat and mouse multi-pinhole collimator (UHR-RM). Point source, hot-rod, and uniform phantoms with \(^{99m}\)Tc-solution were scanned for high-count performance assessment and count levels equal to animal scans, respectively. Reconstruction was performed using the similarity-regulated ordered-subsets expectation maximization (SROSEM) algorithm with Gaussian smoothing. Rats were injected with similar to 100 MBq [\(^{99m}\)TcTc-MIBI or similar to 150 MBq [\(^{99m}\)Tc]Tc-HMDP and received multi-frame micro-SPECT imaging after tracer distribution. Animal scans were reconstructed for three different acquisition times and post-processed with different sized Gaussian filters. Following reconstruction, CNR was calculated and image quality evaluated by three independent readers on a five-point scale from 1="very poor" to 5="very good". Point source sensitivity was 567 cps/MBq and radioactive rods as small as 1.2 mm were resolved with the UHR-RM collimator. Collimator-dependent uniformity was 55.5%. Phantom CNR improved with increasing rod size, filter size and activity concentration. Left ventricle and bone structures were successfully visualized in rat experiments. Image quality was strongly affected by the extent of post-filtering, whereas scan time did not have substantial influence on visual assessment. Good image quality was achieved for resolution range greater than 1.8 mm in bone and 2.8 mm in heart. The recently introduced small animal SPECT system with two stationary detectors and UHR-RM collimator is capable to provide excellent image quality in heart and bone scans in a rat using standardized reconstruction parameters and appropriate post-filtering. However, there are still challenges in achieving maximum system resolution in the sub-millimeter range with in vivo settings under limited injection dose and acquisition time.
KW  - small animal SPECT
KW  - HMDP hydroxymethylene diphosphonate
KW  - skeletal
KW  - quality
KW  - scanner
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230616
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deeb, Wissam
A1  - Giordano, James J.
A1  - Rossi, Peter J.
A1  - Mogilner, Alon Y.
A1  - Gunduz, Aysegul
A1  - Judy, Jack W.
A1  - Klassen, Bryan T.
A1  - Butson, Christopher R.
A1  - Van Horne, Craig
A1  - Deny, Damiaan
A1  - Dougherty, Darin D.
A1  - Rowell, David
A1  - Gerhardt, Greg A.
A1  - Smith, Gwenn S.
A1  - Ponce, Francisco A.
A1  - Walker, Harrison C.
A1  - Bronte-Stewart, Helen M.
A1  - Mayberg, Helen S.
A1  - Chizeck, Howard J.
A1  - Langevin, Jean-Philippe
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Ostrem, Jill L.
A1  - Shute, Jonathan B.
A1  - Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi
A1  - Foote, Kelly D.
A1  - Wagle Shukla, Aparna
A1  - Rossi, Marvin A.
A1  - Oh, Michael
A1  - Pourfar, Michael
A1  - Rosenberg, Paul B.
A1  - Silburn, Peter A.
A1  - de Hemptine, Coralie
A1  - Starr, Philip A.
A1  - Denison, Timothy
A1  - Akbar, Umer
A1  - Grill, Warren M.
A1  - Okun, Michael S.
T1  - Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies
JF  - Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
N2  - This paper provides an overview of current progress in the technological advances and the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as presented by participants of the Fourth Annual DBS Think Tank, which was convened in March 2016 in conjunction with the Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration at the University of Florida, Gainesveille FL, USA. The Think Tank discussions first focused on policy and advocacy in DBS research and clinical practice, formation of registries, and issues involving the use of DBS in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. Next, advances in the use of neuroimaging and electrochemical markers to enhance DBS specificity were addressed. Updates on ongoing use and developments of DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, Alzheimer's disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obesity, addiction were presented, and progress toward innovation(s) in closed-loop applications were discussed. Each section of these proceedings provides updates and highlights of new information as presented at this year's international Think Tank, with a view toward current and near future advancement of the field.
KW  - deep brain stimulation
KW  - Parkinson’s disease
KW  - Alzheimer’s disease
KW  - closed-loop
KW  - depression
KW  - post-traumatic stress disorder
KW  - Tourette syndrome
KW  - DARPA
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168493
VL  - 10
IS  - 38
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dresen, Ellen
A1  - Pimiento, Jose M.
A1  - Patel, Jayshil J.
A1  - Heyland, Daren K.
A1  - Rice, Todd W.
A1  - Stoppe, Christian
T1  - Overview of oxidative stress and the role of micronutrients in critical illness
JF  - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
N2  - Inflammation and oxidative stress represent physiological response mechanisms to different types of stimuli and injury during critical illness. Its proper regulation is fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to outcomes and recovery from critical illness. A proper maintenance of the delicate balance between inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response is crucial for resolution from critical illness with important implications for patient outcome. The extent of inflammation and oxidative stress under normal conditions is limited by the antioxidant defense system of the human body, whereas the antioxidant capacity is commonly significantly compromised, and serum levels of micronutrients and vitamins significantly depleted in patients who are critically ill. Hence, the provision of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients may help to reduce the extent of oxidative stress and therefore improve clinical outcomes in patients who are critically ill. As existing evidence of the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in patients who are critically ill is still unclear, actual findings about the most promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidative candidates selenium, vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D will be discussed in this narrative review. The existing evidence provided so far demonstrates that several factors need to be considered to determine the efficacy of an antioxidant supplementation strategy in patients who are critically ill and indicates the need for adequately designed multicenter prospective randomized control trials to evaluate the clinical significance of different types and doses of micronutrients and vitamins in selected groups of patients with different types of critical illness.
KW  - critical illness
KW  - vitamins
KW  - vitamin C
KW  - inflammation
KW  - medical nutrition therapy
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - selenium
KW  - trace elements
KW  - micronutrients
KW  - vitamin D
KW  - zinc
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318186
VL  - 47
SP  - S38
EP  - S49
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kobsar, Anna
A1  - Koehnlechner, Karina
A1  - Klingler, Philipp
A1  - Niklaus, Marius
A1  - Zeller-Hahn, Julia
A1  - Koessler, Angela
A1  - Weber, Katja
A1  - Boeck, Markus
A1  - Koessler, Juergen
T1  - The effect of short-term refrigeration on platelet responsiveness
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Storage of platelet concentrates (PC) at cold temperature (CT) is discussed as an alternative to the current standard of storage at room temperature (RT). Recently, we could show that cold-induced attenuation of inhibitory signaling is an important mechanism promoting platelet reactivity. For developing strategies in blood banking, it is required to elucidate the time-dependent onset of facilitated platelet activation. Thus, freshly prepared platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) was stored for 1 and 2 h at CT (2–6 °C) or at RT (20–24 °C), followed by subsequent comparative analysis. Compared to RT, basal and induced vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation levels were decreased under CT within 1 h by approximately 20%, determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Concomitantly, ADP- and collagen-induced threshold aggregation values were enhanced by up to 30–40%. Furthermore, platelet-covered areas on collagen-coated slides and aggregate formation under flow conditions were increased after storage at CT, in addition to induced activation markers. In conclusion, a time period of 1–2 h for refrigeration is sufficient to induce an attenuation of inhibitory signaling, accompanied with an enhancement of platelet responsiveness. Short-term refrigeration may be considered as a rational approach to obtain PC with higher functional reactivity for the treatment of hemorrhage.
KW  - short‑term refrigeration
KW  - platelet responsiveness
KW  - cold temperature
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301390
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Page, Lukas
A1  - Wallstabe, Julia
A1  - Lother, Jasmin
A1  - Bauser, Maximilian
A1  - Kniemeyer, Olaf
A1  - Strobel, Lea
A1  - Voltersen, Vera
A1  - Teutschbein, Janka
A1  - Hortschansky, Peter
A1  - Morton, Charles Oliver
A1  - Brakhage, Axel A.
A1  - Topp, Max
A1  - Einsele, Hermann
A1  - Wurster, Sebastian
A1  - Loeffler, Juergen
T1  - CcpA- and Shm2-Pulsed Myeloid Dendritic Cells Induce T-Cell Activation and Enhance the Neutrophilic Oxidative Burst Response to Aspergillus fumigatus
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. As therapeutic outcomes of invasive aspergillosis (IA) are often unsatisfactory, the development of targeted immunotherapy remains an important goal. Linking the innate and adaptive immune system, dendritic cells are pivotal in anti-Aspergillus defense and have generated interest as a potential immunotherapeutic approach in IA. While monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) require ex vivo differentiation, antigen-pulsed primary myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) may present a more immediate platform for immunotherapy. To that end, we compared the response patterns and cellular interactions of human primary mDCs and moDCs pulsed with an A. fumigatus lysate and two A. fumigatus proteins (CcpA and Shm2) in a serum-free, GMP-compliant medium. CcpA and Shm2 triggered significant upregulation of maturation markers in mDCs and, to a lesser extent, moDCs. Furthermore, both A. fumigatus proteins elicited the release of an array of key pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL3 from both DC populations. Compared to moDCs, CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed mDCs exhibited greater expression of MHC class II antigens and stimulated stronger proliferation and IFN-γ secretion from autologous CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T-cells. Moreover, supernatants of CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed mDCs significantly enhanced the oxidative burst in allogeneic neutrophils co-cultured with A. fumigatus germ tubes. Taken together, our in vitro data suggest that ex vivo CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed primary mDCs have the potential to be developed into an immunotherapeutic approach to tackle IA.
KW  - antigens
KW  - dendritic cells
KW  - cytokines
KW  - host defense
KW  - immunotherapy
KW  - Aspergillus
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239493
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Claus, Heike
A1  - Hubert, Kerstin
A1  - Becher, Dörte
A1  - Otto, Andreas
A1  - Pawlik, Marie-Christin
A1  - Lappann, Ines
A1  - Strobel, Lea
A1  - Vogel, Ulrich
A1  - Johswich, Kay
T1  - A homopolymeric adenosine tract in the promoter region of nspA influences factor H-mediated serum resistance in Neisseria meningitidis
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Although usually asymptomatically colonizing the human nasopharynx, the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) can spread to the blood stream and cause invasive disease. For survival in blood, N. meningitidis evades the complement system by expression of a polysaccharide capsule and surface proteins sequestering the complement regulator factor H (fH). Meningococcal strains belonging to the sequence type (ST-) 41/44 clonal complex (cc41/44) cause a major proportion of serogroup B meningococcal disease worldwide, but they are also common in asymptomatic carriers. Proteome analysis comparing cc41/44 isolates from invasive disease versus carriage revealed differential expression levels of the outer membrane protein NspA, which binds fH. Deletion of nspA reduced serum resistance and NspA expression correlated with fH sequestration. Expression levels of NspA depended on the length of a homopolymeric tract in the nspA promoter: A 5-adenosine tract dictated low NspA expression, whereas a 6-adenosine motif guided high NspA expression. Screening German cc41/44 strain collections revealed the 6-adenosine motif in 39% of disease isolates, but only in 3.4% of carriage isolates. Thus, high NspA expression is associated with disease, but not strictly required. The 6-adenosine nspA promoter is most common to the cc41/44, but is also found in other hypervirulent clonal complexes.
KW  - Meningitis
KW  - Pathogens
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200956
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel
A1  - Arnold, Charlotte
A1  - Hering, Ilona
A1  - Hankir, Mohammed
A1  - Seyfried, Florian
A1  - Stopper, Helga
T1  - Decreased chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of obese patients after bariatric surgery
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - The number of bariatric surgeries being performed worldwide has markedly risen. While the improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities after bariatric surgery is well-established, very little is known about its impact on cancer risk. The peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus test is a widely used method for the monitoring of chromosomal damage levels in vivo, and micronucleus frequency positively correlates with cancer risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the micronucleus frequency before and after bariatric surgery in obese subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 45 obese subjects before and at two time-points after bariatric surgery (6 and 12 months) to assess spontaneous micronucleus frequency. Consistent with the increased cancer risk previously shown, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss led to a significant reduction in lymphocyte micronucleus frequency after 12 months. Interestingly, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome further seemed to have an impact on the lymphocyte micronucleus frequency. Our findings may indicate a successful reduction of cancer risk in patients following weight loss caused by bariatric surgery.
KW  - obesity
KW  - bariatric surgery
KW  - cancer risk
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177090
VL  - 8
IS  - 11195
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Friedrich, Maximilian
A1  - Hartig, Johannes
A1  - Prüss, Harald
A1  - Ip, Wang Chi
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
T1  - Rapidly progressive dementia: Extending the spectrum of GFAP-astrocytopathies?
JF  - Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
N2  - Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a steroid-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis, sometimes presenting with atypical clinical signs such as movement disorders or psychiatric and autonomic features. Beyond clinical presentation and imaging, diagnosis relies on detection of GFAP-antibodies (AB) in CSF. Using quantitative behavioral, serologic, and immunohistochemical analyses, we characterize two patients longitudinally over 18–24 months who presented with rapidly progressive neurocognitive deterioration in the context of GFAP-AB in CSF and unremarkable cranial MRI studies. Intensified immunotherapy was associated with clinical stabilization. The value of GFAP-AB screening in selected cases of rapidly progressive dementias is discussed.
KW  - GFAP-astrocytopathies
KW  - dementia
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312957
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Manukjan, Georgi
A1  - Wiegering, Verena
A1  - Reindl, Tobias
A1  - Strauß, Gabriele
A1  - Klopocki, Eva
A1  - Schulze, Harald
A1  - Andres, Oliver
T1  - Novel variants in FERMT3 and RASGRP2 - Genetic linkage in Glanzmann-like bleeding disorders
JF  - Pediatric Blood & Cancer
N2  - Defects of platelet intracellular signaling can result in severe platelet dysfunction. Several mutations in each of the linked genes FERMT3 and RASGRP2 on chromosome 11 causing a Glanzmann‐like bleeding phenotype have been identified so far. We report on novel variants in two unrelated pediatric patients with severe bleeding diathesis—one with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III due to a homozygous frameshift in FERMT3 and the other with homozygous variants in both, FERMT3 and RASGRP2 . We focus on the challenging genetic and functional variant assessment and aim to accentuate the risk of obtaining misleading results due to the phenomenon of genetic linkage.
KW  - bleding disorders other than hemophilia
KW  - hematology
KW  - hemostasis and thrombosis
KW  - platelet disorders
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208129
VL  - 67
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tan, Aaron
A1  - Babak, Maria V.
A1  - Venkatesan, Gopalakrishnan
A1  - Lim, Clarissa
A1  - Klotz, Karl-Norbert
A1  - Herr, Deron Raymond
A1  - Cheong, Siew Lee
A1  - Federico, Stephanie
A1  - Spalluto, Giampiero
A1  - Ong, Wei-Yi
A1  - Chen, Yu Zong
A1  - Loo, Jason Siau Ee
A1  - Pastorin, Giorgia
T1  - Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of New Indolylpyrimidylpiperazines for Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapy
JF  - Molecules
N2  - Human A3 adenosine receptor hA3AR has been implicated in gastrointestinal cancer, where its cellular expression has been found increased, thus suggesting its potential as a molecular target for novel anticancer compounds. Observation made in our previous work indicated the importance of the carbonyl group of amide in the indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) for its human A2A adenosine receptor (hA2AAR) subtype binding selectivity over the other AR subtypes. Taking this observation into account, we structurally modified an indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) scaffold, 1 (a non-selective adenosine receptors’ ligand) into a modified IPP (mIPP) scaffold by switching the position of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of both ketone and tertiary amine groups in the new scaffold. Results showed that such modification diminished the A2A activity and instead conferred hA3AR agonistic activity. Among the new mIPP derivatives (3–6), compound 4 showed potential as a hA3AR partial agonist, with an Emax of 30% and EC50 of 2.89 ± 0.55 μM. In the cytotoxicity assays, compound 4 also exhibited higher cytotoxicity against both colorectal and liver cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Overall, this new series of compounds provide a promising starting point for further development of potent and selective hA3AR partial agonists for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
KW  - gastrointestinal cancer
KW  - hA<sub>3</sub>AR
KW  - partial agonists
KW  - indolylpyrimidylpiperazines
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193271
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 24
IS  - 20
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kreß, Julia Katharina Charlotte
A1  - Jessen, Christina
A1  - Marquardt, André
A1  - Hufnagel, Anita
A1  - Meierjohann, Svenja
T1  - NRF2 enables EGFR signaling in melanoma cells
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are rarely mutated in cutaneous melanoma, but the expression and activation of several RTK family members are associated with a proinvasive phenotype and therapy resistance. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the RTK family and is only expressed in a subgroup of melanomas with poor prognosis. The insight into regulators of EGFR expression and activation is important for the understanding of the development of this malignant melanoma phenotype. Here, we describe that the transcription factor NRF2, the master regulator of the oxidative and electrophilic stress response, mediates the expression and activation of EGFR in melanoma by elevating the levels of EGFR as well as its ligands EGF and TGFα. ChIP sequencing data show that NRF2 directly binds to the promoter of EGF, which contains a canonical antioxidant response element. Accordingly, EGF is induced by oxidative stress and is also increased in lung adenocarcinoma and head and neck carcinoma with mutationally activated NRF2. In contrast, regulation of EGFR and TGFA occurs by an indirect mechanism, which is enabled by the ability of NRF2 to block the activity of the melanocytic lineage factor MITF in melanoma. MITF effectively suppresses EGFR and TGFA expression and therefore serves as link between NRF2 and EGFR. As EGFR was previously described to stimulate NRF2 activity, the mutual activation of NRF2 and EGFR pathways was investigated. The presence of NRF2 was necessary for full EGFR pathway activation, as NRF2-knockout cells showed reduced AKT activation in response to EGF stimulation compared to controls. Conversely, EGF led to the nuclear localization and activation of NRF2, thereby demonstrating that NRF2 and EGFR are connected in a positive feedback loop in melanoma. In summary, our data show that the EGFR-positive melanoma phenotype is strongly supported by NRF2, thus revealing a novel maintenance mechanism for this clinically challenging melanoma subpopulation.
KW  - EGFR
KW  - NRF2
KW  - NFE2L2
KW  - KEAP1
KW  - MITF-low
KW  - TGF-alpha
KW  - EGF
KW  - NSCLC
KW  - HNSC
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260222
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 22
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braun, Alexandra
A1  - Evdokimov, Dimitar
A1  - Frank, Johanna
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Wabel, Thomas
A1  - Üçeyler, Nurcan
A1  - Sommer, Claudia
T1  - Relevance of Religiosity for Coping Strategies and Disability in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
JF  - Journal of Religion and Health
N2  - Coping strategies are essential for the outcome of chronic pain. This study evaluated religiosity in a cohort of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), its effect on pain and other symptoms, on coping and FMS-related disability. A total of 102 FMS patients were recruited who filled in questionnaires, a subgroup of 42 patients participated in a face-to-face interview, and data were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses. Few patients were traditionally religious, but the majority believed in a higher existence and described their spirituality as "transcendence conviction". The coping strategy "praying-hoping" and the ASP dimension "religious orientation" (r = 0.5, P < 0.05) showed a significant relationship independent of the grade of religiosity (P < 0.05). A high grade of belief in a higher existence was negatively associated with the choice of ignoring as coping strategy (r = - 0.4, P < 0.05). Mood and affect-related variables had the highest impact on disability (b = 0.5, P < 0.05). In this cohort, the grade of religiosity played a role in the choice of coping strategies, but had no effects on health and mood outcome.
KW  - Fibromyalgia syndrome
KW  - religiosity
KW  - coping
KW  - disability
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269135
SN  - 1573-6571
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hanke, Kathrin
A1  - Rausch, Tanja K.
A1  - Sosnowski, Runa
A1  - Paul, Pia
A1  - Spiegler, Juliane
A1  - Müller, Mirja
A1  - König, Inke R.
A1  - Göpel, Wolfgang
A1  - Herting, Egbert
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
T1  - Early skin-to-skin contact does not affect cerebral tissue oxygenation in preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation
JF  - Children
N2  - Aim: It was the aim of our study to determine the regional cerebral tissue oxygenation saturation (rcSO\(_2\)) as an additional monitoring parameter during early skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 gestational weeks. Methods: We conducted two observational convenience sample studies using additional monitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the first 120 h of life: (a) NIRS 1 (gestational age of 26 0/7 to 31 6/7 weeks) and (b) NIRS 2 (gestational age of 24 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks). The rcSO\(_2\) values were compared between resting time in the incubator (period I), SSC (period II) and handling nursing care (period III). For the comparison, we separated the sequential effects by including a “wash-out phase” of 1 h between each period. Results: During the first 120 h of life 38/53 infants in NIRS 1 and 15/23 infants in NIRS 2 received SSC, respectively. We found no remarkable differences for rcSO\(_2\) values of NIRS 1 patients between SSC time and period I (95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in %: SSC vs. period I [1; 3]). In NIRS 2, rcSO\(_2\) values during SSC were only 2% lower compared with period I [median [1. quartile; 3. quartile] in %; 78 [73; 82] vs. 80 [74; 85]] but were similar to period III [78 [72; 83]]. In a combined analysis, a small difference in rcSO\(_2\) values between SSC and resting times was found using a generalized linear mixed model that included gender and gestational age (OR 95% CI; 1.178 [1.103; 1.253], p < 0.0001). Episodes below the cut-off for “hypoxia”; e.g., <55%, were comparable during SSC and periods I and III (0.3–2.1%). No FiO\(_2\) adjustment was required in the vast majority of SSC episodes. Conclusions: Our observational data indicate that rcSO\(_2\) values of infants during SSC were comparable to rcSO\(_2\) values during incubator care and resting time. This additional monitoring supports a safe implementation of early SSC in extremely preterm infants in NICUs.
KW  - regional cerebral oxygenation saturation
KW  - near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - skin-to-skin contact
KW  - preterm infants
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262290
SN  - 2227-9067
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gerova, Milan
A1  - Wicke, Laura
A1  - Chihara, Kotaro
A1  - Schneider, Cornelius
A1  - Lavigne, Rob
A1  - Vogel, Jörg
T1  - A grad-seq view of RNA and protein complexes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa under standard and bacteriophage predation conditions
JF  - mbio
N2  - The Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not only a major cause of nosocomial infections but also serves as a model species of bacterial RNA biology. While its transcriptome architecture and posttranscriptional regulation through the RNA-binding proteins Hfq, RsmA, and RsmN have been studied in detail, global information about stable RNA-protein complexes in this human pathogen is currently lacking. Here, we implement gradient profiling by sequencing (Grad-seq) in exponentially growing P. aeruginosa cells to comprehensively predict RNA and protein complexes, based on glycerol gradient sedimentation profiles of >73% of all transcripts and ∼40% of all proteins. As to benchmarking, our global profiles readily reported complexes of stable RNAs of P. aeruginosa, including 6S RNA with RNA polymerase and associated product RNAs (pRNAs). We observe specific clusters of noncoding RNAs, which correlate with Hfq and RsmA/N, and provide a first hint that P. aeruginosa expresses a ProQ-like FinO domain-containing RNA-binding protein. To understand how biological stress may perturb cellular RNA/protein complexes, we performed Grad-seq after infection by the bacteriophage ΦKZ. This model phage, which has a well-defined transcription profile during host takeover, displayed efficient translational utilization of phage mRNAs and tRNAs, as evident from their increased cosedimentation with ribosomal subunits. Additionally, Grad-seq experimentally determines previously overlooked phage-encoded noncoding RNAs. Taken together, the Pseudomonas protein and RNA complex data provided here will pave the way to a better understanding of RNA-protein interactions during viral predation of the bacterial cell.

IMPORTANCE Stable complexes by cellular proteins and RNA molecules lie at the heart of gene regulation and physiology in any bacterium of interest. It is therefore crucial to globally determine these complexes in order to identify and characterize new molecular players and regulation mechanisms. Pseudomonads harbor some of the largest genomes known in bacteria, encoding ∼5,500 different proteins. Here, we provide a first glimpse on which proteins and cellular transcripts form stable complexes in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We additionally performed this analysis with bacteria subjected to the important and frequently encountered biological stress of a bacteriophage infection. We identified several molecules with established roles in a variety of cellular pathways, which were affected by the phage and can now be explored for their role during phage infection. Most importantly, we observed strong colocalization of phage transcripts and host ribosomes, indicating the existence of specialized translation mechanisms during phage infection. All data are publicly available in an interactive and easy to use browser.
KW  - Grad-seq
KW  - Pseudomonas
KW  - UKZ
KW  - bacteriophage
KW  - infection
KW  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW  - RNA-binding proteins
KW  - noncoding RNA
KW  - phage
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259054
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doryab, Ali
A1  - Taskin, Mehmet Berat
A1  - Stahlhut, Philipp
A1  - Schröppel, Andreas
A1  - Wagner, Darcy E.
A1  - Groll, Jürgen
A1  - Schmid, Otmar
T1  - A Biomimetic, Copolymeric Membrane for Cell‐Stretch Experiments with Pulmonary Epithelial Cells at the Air‐Liquid Interface
JF  - Advanced Functional Materials
N2  - Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, but only symptomatic therapies are available for terminal illness. This in part reflects a lack of biomimetic in vitro models that can imitate the complex environment and physiology of the lung. Here, a copolymeric membrane consisting of poly(ε‐)caprolactone and gelatin with tunable properties, resembling the main characteristics of the alveolar basement membrane is introduced. The thin bioinspired membrane (≤5 μm) is stretchable (up to 25% linear strain) with appropriate surface wettability and porosity for culturing lung epithelial cells under air–liquid interface conditions. The unique biphasic concept of this membrane provides optimum characteristics for initial cell growth (phase I) and then switch to biomimetic properties for cyclic cell‐stretch experiments (phase II). It is showed that physiologic cyclic mechanical stretch improves formation of F‐actin cytoskeleton filaments and tight junctions while non‐physiologic over‐stretch induces cell apoptosis, activates inflammatory response (IL‐8), and impairs epithelial barrier integrity. It is also demonstrated that cyclic physiologic stretch can enhance the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Since this membrane offers considerable advantages over currently used membranes, it may lead the way to more biomimetic in vitro models of the lung for translation of in vitro response studies into clinical outcome.
KW  - alveolar‐capillary barrier
KW  - cyclic mechanical stretch
KW  - hybrid polymers
KW  - in vitro cell‐stretch model
KW  - tunable ultra‐thin biphasic membrane
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225645
VL  - 31
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gergs, Ulrich
A1  - Jahn, Tina
A1  - Schulz, Nico
A1  - Großmann, Claudia
A1  - Rueckschloss, Uwe
A1  - Demus, Uta
A1  - Buchwalow, Igor B.
A1  - Neumann, Joachim
T1  - Protein phosphatase 2A improves cardiac functional response to ischemia and sepsis
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - Reversible protein phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins involved in cardiac signaling pathways. Here, we focus on the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) for cardiac gene expression and stress response using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocyte-specific overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-TG). Gene and protein expression were assessed under basal conditions by gene chip analysis and Western blotting. Some cardiac genes related to the cell metabolism and to protein phosphorylation such as kinases and phosphatases were altered in PP2A-TG compared to wild type mice (WT). As cardiac stressors, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in vivo and a global cardiac ischemia in vitro (stop-flow isolated perfused heart model) were examined. Whereas the basal cardiac function was reduced in PP2A-TG as studied by echocardiography or as studied in the isolated work-performing heart, the acute LPS- or ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction deteriorated less in PP2A-TG compared to WT. From the data, we conclude that increased PP2A activity may influence the acute stress tolerance of cardiac myocytes.
KW  - protein phosphorylation
KW  - PP2A
KW  - transgenic mice
KW  - heart
KW  - LPS
KW  - sepsis
KW  - ischemia
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284035
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holtfrerich, Sarah K. C.
A1  - Schwarz, Katharina A.
A1  - Sprenger, Christian
A1  - Reimers, Luise
A1  - Diekhof, Esther K.
T1  - Endogenous Testosterone and Exogenous Oxytocin Modulate Attentional Processing of Infant Faces
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Evidence indicates that hormones modulate the intensity of maternal care. Oxytocin is known for its positive influence on maternal behavior and its important role for childbirth. In contrast, testosterone promotes egocentric choices and reduces empathy. Further, testosterone decreases during parenthood which could be an adaptation to increased parental investment. The present study investigated the interaction between testosterone and oxytocin in attentional control and their influence on attention to baby schema in women. Higher endogenous testosterone was expected to decrease selective attention to child portraits in a face-in-the-crowd-paradigm, while oxytocin was expected to counteract this effect. As predicted, women with higher salivary testosterone were slower in orienting attention to infant targets in the context of adult distractors. Interestingly, reaction times to infant and adult stimuli decreased after oxytocin administration, but only in women with high endogenous testosterone. These results suggest that oxytocin may counteract the adverse effects of testosterone on a central aspect of social behavior and maternal caretaking.
KW  - maternal behavior
KW  - oxytocin
KW  - testosterone
KW  - attention
KW  - infant faces
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166783
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ryma, Matthias
A1  - Tylek, Tina
A1  - Liebscher, Julia
A1  - Blum, Carina
A1  - Fernandez, Robin
A1  - Böhm, Christoph
A1  - Kastenmüller, Wolfgang
A1  - Gasteiger, Georg
A1  - Groll, Jürgen
T1  - Translation of collagen ultrastructure to biomaterial fabrication for material-independent but highly efficient topographic immunomodulation
JF  - Advanced materials
N2  - Supplement-free induction of cellular differentiation and polarization solely through the topography of materials is an auspicious strategy but has so far significantly lagged behind the efficiency and intensity of media-supplementation-based protocols. Consistent with the idea that 3D structural motifs in the extracellular matrix possess immunomodulatory capacity as part of the natural healing process, it is found in this study that human-monocyte-derived macrophages show a strong M2a-like prohealing polarization when cultured on type I rat-tail collagen fibers but not on collagen I films. Therefore, it is hypothesized that highly aligned nanofibrils also of synthetic polymers, if packed into larger bundles in 3D topographical biomimetic similarity to native collagen I, would induce a localized macrophage polarization. For the automated fabrication of such bundles in a 3D printing manner, the strategy of “melt electrofibrillation” is pioneered by the integration of flow-directed polymer phase separation into melt electrowriting and subsequent selective dissolution of the matrix polymer postprocessing. This process yields nanofiber bundles with a remarkable structural similarity to native collagen I fibers, particularly for medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone). These biomimetic fibrillar structures indeed induce a pronounced elongation of human-monocyte-derived macrophages and unprecedentedly trigger their M2-like polarization similar in efficacy as interleukin-4 treatment.
KW  - biofabrication
KW  - extracellular matrix
KW  - immunomodulation
KW  - macrophages
KW  - melt electrofibrillation
KW  - melt electrowriting
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256381
VL  - 33
IS  - 33
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wasmus, Christina
A1  - Dudek, Jan
T1  - Metabolic Alterations Caused by Defective Cardiolipin Remodeling in Inherited Cardiomyopathies
JF  - Life
N2  - The heart is the most energy-consuming organ in the human body. In heart failure, the homeostasis of energy supply and demand is endangered by an increase in cardiomyocyte workload, or by an insufficiency in energy-providing processes. Energy metabolism is directly associated with mitochondrial redox homeostasis. The production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) may overwhelm mitochondrial and cellular ROS defense mechanisms in case of heart failure. Mitochondria are essential cell organelles and provide 95% of the required energy in the heart. Metabolic remodeling, changes in mitochondrial structure or function, and alterations in mitochondrial calcium signaling diminish mitochondrial energy provision in many forms of cardiomyopathy. The mitochondrial respiratory chain creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which couples respiration with oxidative phosphorylation and the preservation of energy in the chemical bonds of ATP. Akin to other mitochondrial enzymes, the respiratory chain is integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The tight association with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) ensures its structural integrity and coordinates enzymatic activity. This review focuses on how changes in mitochondrial CL may be associated with heart failure. Dysfunctional CL has been found in diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia reperfusion injury and the aging heart. Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by an inherited defect in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin. Moreover, a dysfunctional CL pool causes other types of rare inherited cardiomyopathies, such as Sengers syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia (DCMA). Here we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial functions in cellular and animal models. We describe the molecular mechanisms concerning mitochondrial dysfunction as an incitement of cardiomyopathy and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
KW  - cardiolipin
KW  - mitochondria
KW  - Barth syndrome
KW  - Sengers syndrome
KW  - respiratory chain
KW  - Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia
KW  - cardiomyopathy
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219286
SN  - 2075-1729
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kade, Juliane C.
A1  - Bakirci, Ezgi
A1  - Tandon, Biranche
A1  - Gorgol, Danila
A1  - Mrlik, Miroslav
A1  - Luxenhofer, Robert
A1  - Dalton, Paul D.
T1  - The Impact of Including Carbonyl Iron Particles on the Melt Electrowriting Process
JF  - Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
N2  - Melt electrowriting, a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique, is used in this study to process a magnetic polymer-based blend for the first time. Carbonyl iron (CI) particles homogenously distribute into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) melts to result in well-defined, highly porous structures or scaffolds comprised of fibers ranging from 30 to 50 µm in diameter. This study observes that CI particle incorporation is possible up to 30 wt% without nozzle clogging, albeit that the highest concentration results in heterogeneous fiber morphologies. In contrast, the direct writing of homogeneous PVDF fibers with up to 15 wt% CI is possible. The fibers can be readily displaced using magnets at concentrations of 1 wt% and above. Combined with good viability of L929 CC1 cells using Live/Dead imaging on scaffolds for all CI concentrations indicates that these formulations have potential for the usage in stimuli-responsive applications such as 4D printing.
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - melt electrospinning writing
KW  - magnetoactive materials
KW  - electroactive polymers
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318482
SN  - 1438-7492
VL  - 307
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Enno
A1  - Sticherling, Michael
A1  - Sárdy, Miklós
A1  - Eming, Rüdiger
A1  - Goebeler, Matthias
A1  - Hertl, Michael
A1  - Hofmann, Silke C.
A1  - Hunzelmann, Nicolas
A1  - Kern, Johannes S.
A1  - Kramer, Harald
A1  - Nast, Alexander
A1  - Orzechowski, Hans‐Dieter
A1  - Pfeiffer, Christiane
A1  - Schuster, Volker
A1  - Sitaru, Cassian
A1  - Zidane, Miriam
A1  - Zillikens, Detlef
A1  - Worm, Margitta
T1  - S2k guidelines for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus and bullous pemphigoid: 2019 update
JF  - JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
KW  - pemphigus vulgaris
KW  - pemphigus foliaceus
KW  - S2k guidelines
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217806
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
SP  - 516
EP  - 526
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moratin, Helena
A1  - Thöle, Anna
A1  - Lang, Josephine
A1  - Ehret Kasemo, Totta
A1  - Stöth, Manuel
A1  - Hagen, Rudolf
A1  - Scherzad, Agmal
A1  - Hackenberg, Stephan
T1  - Ag- but not ZnO-nanoparticles disturb the airway epithelial barrier at subtoxic concentrations
JF  - Pharmaceutics
N2  - Inhalation is considered to be the most relevant source of human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs); however, only a few investigations have addressed the influence of exposing the respiratory mucosal barrier to subcytotoxic doses. In the nasal respiratory epithelium, cells of the mucosa represent one of the first contact points of the human organism with airborne NPs. Disruption of the epithelial barrier by harmful materials can lead to inflammation in addition to potential intrinsic toxicity of the particles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether subtoxic concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO)- and silver (Ag)-NPs have an influence on upper airway barrier integrity. Nasal epithelial cells from 17 donors were cultured at the air–liquid interface and exposed to ZnO- and Ag-NPs. Barrier function, quantified by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), decreased after treatment with 10 µg/mL Ag-NPs, but FITC-dextran permeability remained stable and no change in mRNA levels of tight junction proteins and E-cadherin was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results indicate that subtoxic concentrations of Ag-NPs may already induce damage of the upper airway epithelial barrier in vitro. The lack of similar disruption by ZnO-NPs of similar size suggests a specific effect by Ag-NPs.
KW  - epithelial barrier
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - tight junctions
KW  - zinc oxide
KW  - silver
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357403
SN  - 1999-4923
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Israel, Ina
A1  - Riehl, Gabriele
A1  - Butt, Elke
A1  - Buck, Andreas K.
A1  - Samnick, Samuel
T1  - Gallium-68-labeled KISS1-54 peptide for mapping KISS1 receptor via PET: initial evaluation in human tumor cell lines and in tumor-bearing mice
JF  - Pharmaceuticals
N2  - Kisspeptins (KPs, KISS1) and their receptor (KISS1R) play a pivotal role as metastasis suppressor for many cancers. Low or lost KP expression is associated with higher tumor grade, increased metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. Therefore, KP expression has prognostic relevance and correlates with invasiveness in cancers. Furthermore, KISS1R represents a very promising target for molecular imaging and therapy for KISS1R-expressing tumors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the developed KISS1-54 derivative, [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54, as a PET-imaging probe for KISS1R-expressing tumors. The NODAGA-KISS1-54 peptide was labeled by Gallium-68, and the stability of the resulting [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54 evaluated in injection solution and human serum, followed by an examination in different KISS1R-expressing tumor cell lines, including HepG2, HeLa, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, LNCap, SK-BR-3, and HCT116. Finally, [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54 was tested in LNCap- and MDA-MB-231-bearing mice, using µ-PET, assessing its potential as an imaging probe for PET. [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54 was obtained in a 77 ± 7% radiochemical yield and at a >99% purity. The [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54 cell uptake amounted to 0.6–4.4% per 100,000 cells. Moreover, the accumulation of [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54 was effectively inhibited by nonradioactive KISS1-54. In [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54-PET, KISS1R-positive LNCap-tumors were clearly visualized as compared to MDA-MB-231-tumor implant with predominantly intracellular KISS1R expression. Our first results suggest that [\(^{68}\)Ga]KISS1-54 is a promising candidate for a radiotracer for targeting KISS1R-expressing tumors via PET.
KW  - [\(^{68}\)]KISS1-54
KW  - KISS1 receptor
KW  - GPR54
KW  - kisspeptin
KW  - human tumor cell lines
KW  - positron emission tomography
KW  - PET
KW  - KISS1-54
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-355898
SN  - 1424-8247
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Odorfer, Thorsten M.
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
T1  - Deep brain stimulation for focal or segmental craniocervical dystonia in patients who have failed botulinum neurotoxin therapy - a narrative review of the literature
JF  - Toxins
N2  - (1) Background: The first-line treatment for patients with focal or segmental dystonia with a craniocervical distribution is still the intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). However, some patients experience primary or secondary treatment failure from this potential immunogenic therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may then be used as a backup strategy in this situation. (2) Methods: Here, we reviewed the current study literature to answer a specific question regarding the efficacy and safety of the use of DBS, particularly for cervical dystonia (CD) and Meige syndrome (MS) in patients with documented treatment failure under BoNT. (3) Results: There are only two studies with the highest level of evidence in this area. Despite this clear limitation, in the context of the narrowly defined research question of this paper, it is possible to report 161 patients with CD or MS who were included in studies that were able to show a statistically significant reduction in dystonic symptoms using DBS. Safety and tolerability data appeared adequate. However, much of the information is based on retrospective observations. (4) Conclusions: The evidence base in this area is in need of further scientific investigation. Most importantly, more randomized, controlled and double-blind trials are needed, possibly including a head-to-head comparison of DBS and BoNT.
KW  - cervical dystonia
KW  - Meige syndrome
KW  - deep brain stimulation
KW  - internal globus pallidus
KW  - subthalamic nucleus
KW  - botulinum neurotoxin
KW  - medication therapy failure
KW  - symptom control
KW  - safety and tolerability
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357707
SN  - 2072-6651
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Watzling, Martin
A1  - Klaus, Lorenz
A1  - Weidemeier, Tamara
A1  - Horder, Hannes
A1  - Ebert, Regina
A1  - Blunk, Torsten
A1  - Bauer-Kreisel, Petra
T1  - Three-dimensional breast cancer model to investigate CCL5/CCR1 expression mediated by direct contact between breast cancer cells and adipose-derived stromal cells or adipocytes
JF  - Cancers
N2  - The tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer is determined by the complex crosstalk of cancer cells with adipose tissue-inherent cells such as adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and adipocytes resulting from the local invasion of tumor cells in the mammary fat pad. This leads to heterotypic cellular contacts between these cell types. To adequately mimic the specific cell-to-cell interaction in an in vivo-like 3D environment, we developed a direct co-culture spheroid model using ASCs or differentiated adipocytes in combination with MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Co-spheroids were generated in a well-defined and reproducible manner in a high-throughput process. We compared the expression of the tumor-promoting chemokine CCL5 and its cognate receptors in these co-spheroids to indirect and direct standard 2D co-cultures. A marked up-regulation of CCL5 and in particular the receptor CCR1 with strict dependence on cell–cell contacts and culture dimensionality was evident. Furthermore, the impact of direct contacts between ASCs and tumor cells and the involvement of CCR1 in promoting tumor cell migration were demonstrated. Overall, these results show the importance of direct 3D co-culture models to better represent the complex tumor–stroma interaction in a tissue-like context. The unveiling of tumor-specific markers that are up-regulated upon direct cell–cell contact with neighboring stromal cells, as demonstrated in the 3D co-culture spheroids, may represent a promising strategy to find new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer.
KW  - 3D breast cancer model
KW  - adipose-derived stromal cells
KW  - adipocytes
KW  - adipose tissue
KW  - spheroids
KW  - co-culture
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-362502
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 15
IS  - 13
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Stark, Irmgard Katharina
T1  - Einfluss von Interferon auf das Infektionsverhalten von Herpes simplex Virus 1 und seiner DUB - Mutante C65A in der Zellkultur
T1  - The influence of interferon on infection of Herpes simplex Virus 1 and its DUB – mutant C65A in cell culture
N2  - Die Erforschung viraler Proteine ist wichtig, um virale Infektionen besser verstehen und
damit therapieren zu können. Die Aufklärung der DUB-Funktion auf dem viralen
Herpesprotein pUL36 ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis des Infektionshergangs und
könnte zur Entwicklung eines Enzyminhibitors führen, der nur an diesem Enzym ansetzt,
nachdem es sich von den zellulären DUBs unterscheidet (Kattenhorn et al., 2005). In
dieser Arbeit konnten die vorherigen Daten, die eine stärkere Hemmung der DUB-
Mutante unter Interferoneinfluss zeigten, in unterschiedlichen Assay-Designs bestätigt
werden. Auch Versuche mit einem anderen Herpes simplex Virus Strang, bestätigten die
vorherigen Daten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die DUB-Funktion für HSV-1 wichtig ist für
die virale Evasion der zellulären Immunantwort. Die genaue Funktion der DUB in der
Infektion ist jedoch unklar. Aufgrund der vorbestehenden Datenlage erschien am
wahrscheinlichsten, dass die DUB-Funktion vor Eindringen des Herpes Simplex Virus in
den Zellkern zum Tragen kommt, womit es nach Abnahme des Interferons nicht zu einer
viralen Reaktivierung käme. Deshalb wurden Untersuchungen unternommen, um eine
mögliche Reaktivierung nach Abnahme des Interferons näher zu untersuchen. Hierfür
wurden zwei verschiedene Experimente entwickelt. Einmal wurde das Interferon direkt
nach Infektion und einmal 3 Tage nach Infektion (3dpi) abgenommen. Die Ergebnisse
zeigten beide eine stärkere Hemmung der DUB-HSV-1-Mutante unter Interferoneinfluss.
Bei Abnahme des Interferons direkt nach Infektion lag bei Wildtyp und Mutante ein
leichter Anstieg der Plaquezahlen vor, wobei dieser Effekt von der Dosis des Interferons
abhängig war. Eine hohe Interferondosis begünstigte bei beiden eine stärkere Hemmung,
allerdings bei beiden auch eine leichte Erhöhung der Plaquezahl nach Abnahme. Bei
einer niedrigen Dosis konnte nur eine stärkere Hemmung der DUB-Mutante, jedoch
keine Reaktivierung bei Wildtyp und Mutante nach Abnahme des Interferons gezeigt
werden. Bei Abnahme drei Tage nach Infektion zeigte sich sowohl bei dem Wildtyp-Virus
als auch der DUB- Mutante kein Anstieg in den Plaquezahlen. Es sind, nachdem
Deubiquitinierung nicht nur eine Rolle in der Verhinderung des proteosomalen Abbaus
von in die Zelle eingedrungenem Virus spielt, sondern auch der Zellregulation, mehrere
Szenarien denkbar, die diesen Phänotyp erklären könnten. Die DUB-Funktion könnte 
zwar den proteosomalen Abbau durch Deubiqutinierung und damit Verhinderung der
Markierung des Virus zum zellulären Abbau verhindern. Allerdings könnten sich durch
einen langsameren Transport aus der Zelle oder in den Nucleus auch weniger Plaques
bei der Mutante als wie beim Wildtyp unter Interferoneinfluss bilden, nachdem das Virus
dann leichter Ziel antiviraler Proteine werden könnte. Oder die DUB-Funktion spielt eine
Rolle beim Eintritt in den Kern durch Modifikationen anderer Proteine. Virengenome
könnten auch durch eine fehlende DUB-Funktion reprimiert werden oder die Zelle durch
Apoptose absterben. Interessanterweise konnte keine Hemmung der DUB-Mutante in
Interferon behandelten U-2 OS Zellen gezeigt werden, von denen ein Defekt im STING-
vermittelten Signalweg bekannt ist. Vielleicht zeigt dies, dass das STING-Protein an dem
gezeigten DUB-Phänotyp beteiligt ist. Nachgewiesen ist außerdem bereits eine Funktion
des Enzyms bei der zweiten Umhüllung der Kapside bei Pseudorabiesvirus (Möhl, 2011).
Weitere Untersuchungen unter Einsatz bspw. von Immunfluoreszenz,
Proteasominhibitoren oder weiteren Zelllinien wie Saos-2, sind nötig, um die genaue
Funktion zu klären.
N2  - The study of viral proteins is important to better understand and thus treat viral infections. Elucidation of DUB function on the viral herpes protein pUL36 provides a better understanding of the infection process and could lead to the development of an enzyme inhibitor that targets only this enzyme after it is different from cellular DUBs (Kattenhorn et al., 2005). In this work, previous data showing greater inhibition of the DUB- mutant under interferon influence were confirmed in different assay designs. Also, experiments with a different herpes simplex virus strand, confirmed the previous data. The results indicate that DUB function for HSV-1 is important for viral evasion of the cellular immune response. However, the exact function of DUB in infection is unclear. Based on the preexisting data, it seemed most likely that DUB function would come into play before herpes simplex virus enters the nucleus, which would mean that viral reactivation would not occur after interferon depletion. Therefore, studies were undertaken to further investigate a possible reactivation after decrease of interferon. Two different experiments were developed for this purpose. Once the interferon was withdrawn immediately after infection and once 3 days after infection (3dpi). The results both showed a stronger inhibition of the DUB-HSV-1 mutant under interferon influence. When interferon was decreased immediately after infection, a slight increase in plaque counts was present in both wild type and mutant, although this effect was dependent on the dose of interferon. A high dose of interferon promoted greater inhibition in both, but also a slight increase in plaque numbers after decrease in both. A low dose showed only greater inhibition of the DUB mutant but no reactivation in wild type and mutant after decrease of interferon. When decreased three days after infection, there was no increase in plaque counts for either the wild-type virus or the DUB- mutant. Given that deubiquitination plays a role not only in preventing proteosomal degradation of virus that has entered the cell but also in cell regulation, several scenarios are conceivable that could explain this phenotype. To be sure, DUB function could prevent proteosomal degradation by deubiqutinating and thereby preventing the virus from being labeled for cellular degradation. However, slower transport out of the cell or into the nucleus could also result in fewer plaques forming in the mutant than in the wild type under interferon influence, after which the virus could more easily become a target of antiviral proteins. Alternatively, DUB function may play a role in entry into the nucleus through modifications of other proteins. Viral genomes could also be repressed by a lack of DUB function or the cell could die by apoptosis. Interestingly, no inhibition of the DUB mutant was shown in interferon-treated U-2 OS cells, which are known to have a defect in the STING-mediated signaling pathway. Perhaps this indicates that the STING protein is involved in the DUB phenotype shown. Furthermore, a function of the enzyme in the second envelope of capsids in pseudorabies virus has already been demonstrated (Möhl, 2011). Further studies using e.g. immunofluorescence, proteasome inhibitors or additional cell lines such as Saos-2, are necessary to clarify the exact function.
KW  - Herpes simplex Virus DUB C65A
KW  - DUB Mutante
KW  - Herpes simplex virus C65A
KW  - Interferon
KW  - Zellkultur
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351950
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Güder, Gülmisal
A1  - Rein, Eva von
A1  - Flohr, Thomas
A1  - Weismann, Dirk
A1  - Schmitt, Dominik
A1  - Störk, Stefan
A1  - Frantz, Stefan
A1  - Kratzer, Vincent
A1  - Kendi, Christian
T1  - Motion detectors as additional monitoring devices in the intensive care unit — a proof-of-concept study
JF  - Applied Sciences
N2  - Background: Monitoring the vital signs of delirious patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) is challenging, as they might (un-)intentionally remove devices attached to their bodies. In mock-up scenarios, we systematically assessed whether a motion detector (MD) attached to the bed may help in identifying emergencies. Methods: We recruited 15 employees of the ICU and equipped an ICU bed with an MD (IRON Software GmbH, Grünwald, Germany). Participants were asked to replay 22 mock-up scenes of one-minute duration each: 12 scenes with movements and 10 without movements, of which 5 were emergency scenes (“lying dead-still, with no or very shallow breathing”). Blinded recordings were presented to an evaluation panel consisting of an experienced ICU nurse and a physician, who was asked to assess and rate the presence of motions. Results: Fifteen participants (nine women; 173 ± 7.0 cm; 78 ± 19 kg) joined the study. In total, 286 out of 330 scenes (86.7%) were rated correctly. Ratings were false negative (FN: “no movements detected, but recorded”) in 7 out of 180 motion scenes (3.9%). Ratings were false positive (FP: “movements detected, but not recorded”) in 37 out of 150 scenes (24.7%), more often in men than women (26 out of 60 vs. 11 out of 90, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Of note, in 16 of these 37 FP-rated scenes, a vibrating mobile phone was identified as a potential confounder. The emergency scenes were correctly rated in 64 of the 75 runs (85.3%); 10 of the 11 FP-rated scenes occurred in male subjects. Conclusions: The MD allowed for identifying motions of test subjects with high sensitivity (96%) and acceptable specificity (75%). Accuracy might increase further if activities are recorded continuously under real-world conditions.
KW  - motion detector
KW  - noncontact monitoring
KW  - Internet of Things devices
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-362404
SN  - 2076-3417
VL  - 13
IS  - 16
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hiew, Shawn
A1  - Eibeck, Leila
A1  - Nguemeni, Carine
A1  - Zeller, Daniel
T1  - The influence of age and physical activity on locomotor adaptation
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Background: Aging increases individual susceptibility to falls and injuries, suggesting poorer adaptation of balance responses to perturbation during locomotion, which can be measured with the locomotor adaptation task (LAT). However, it is unclear how aging and lifestyle factors affect these responses during walking. Hence, the present study investigates the relationship between balance and lifestyle factors during the LAT in healthy individuals across the adult lifespan using a correlational design. Methods: Thirty participants aged 20–78 years performed an LAT on a split-belt treadmill (SBT). We evaluated the magnitude and rate of adaptation and deadaptation during the LAT. Participants reported their lifelong physical and cognitive activity. Results: Age positively correlated with gait-line length asymmetry at the late post-adaptation phase (p = 0.007). These age-related effects were mediated by recent physical activity levels (p = 0.040). Conclusion: Our results confirm that locomotor adaptive responses are preserved in aging, but the ability to deadapt newly learnt balance responses is compromised with age. Physical activity mediates these age-related effects. Therefore, gait symmetry post-adaptation could effectively measure the risk of falling, and maintaining physical activity could protect against declines in balance.
KW  - locomotor adaptation
KW  - walking
KW  - physical activity
KW  - exercise
KW  - aging
KW  - balance
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-362478
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Gaballa, Abdallah Hatem Hassan Hosny Ahmed
T1  - PAF1c drives MYC-mediated immune evasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
T1  - PAF1c treibt die MYC-vermittelte Immunevasion im duktalen 
Adenokarzinom der Bauchspeicheldrüse an
N2  - The expression of the MYC proto-oncogene is elevated in a large proportion of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previous findings in PDAC have shown that this increased MYC expression mediates immune evasion and promotes S-phase progression. How these functions are mediated and whether a downstream factor of MYC mediates these functions has remained elusive. Recent studies identifying the MYC interactome revealed a complex network of interaction partners, highlighting the need to identify the oncogenic pathway of MYC in an unbiased manner.
In this work, we have shown that MYC ensures genomic stability during S-phase and prevents transcription-replication conflicts. Depletion of MYC and inhibition of ATR kinase showed a synergistic effect to induce DNA damage. A targeted siRNA screen targeting downstream factors of MYC revealed that PAF1c is required for DNA repair and S-phase progression. Recruitment of PAF1c to RNAPII was shown to be MYC dependent. PAF1c was shown to be largely dispensable for cell proliferation and regulation of MYC target genes.
Depletion of CTR9, a subunit of PAF1c, caused strong tumor regression in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model, with long-term survival in a subset of mice. This effect was not due to induction of DNA damage, but to restoration of tumor immune surveillance.
Depletion of PAF1c resulted in the release of RNAPII with transcription elongation factors, including SPT6, from the bodies of long genes, promoting full-length transcription of short genes. This resulted in the downregulation of long DNA repair genes and the concomitant upregulation of short genes, including MHC class I genes. These data demonstrate that a balance between long and short gene transcription is essential for tumor progression and that interference with PAF1c levels shifts this balance toward a tumor-suppressive transcriptional program. It also directly links MYC-mediated S-phase progression to immune evasion. Unlike MYC, PAF1c has a stable, known folded structure; therefore, the development of a small molecule targeting PAF1c may disrupt the immune evasive function of MYC while sparing its physiological functions in cellular growth.
N2  - Die Expression des MYC-Proto-Onkogens ist bei einem großen Teil der Patienten mit  duktalem Adenokarzinom der Bauchspeicheldrüse (PDAC) erhöht. Bisherige Erkenntnisse in der Erforschung des ankreaskarzinoms zeigen, dass die erhöhte MYCExpression die Umgehung des Immunsystems bewirkt und die Progression der S-Phase fördert. Wie diese Funktionen vermittelt werden und ob ein nachgeschalteter Faktor von MYC für diese Funktion verantwortlich ist, blieb jedoch bisher ungeklärt. Jüngste Studien zur Identifizierung des MYC-Interaktoms haben ein sehr komplexes Netzwerk an Interaktionspartnern von MYC aufgedeckt, was die Notwendigkeit unterstreicht, die onkogenen Eigenschaften von MYC und seinen Interaktionspartnern unvoreingenommen und genau zu untersuchen. 

In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass MYC die genomische Stabilität während der S-Phase herstellt und Konflikte zwischen Transkription und Replikation verhindert. Die Depletion von MYC und die Hemmung der ATR-Kinase zeigten bei der Induktion von DNA Schäden eine synergistische Wirkung. Ein siRNA-Screen, der Gene beinhaltete, die MYC nachgeschaltet sind, ergab, dass PAF1c für die DNA-Reparatur und die S-PhasenProgression erforderlich ist. Es zeigte sich außerdem,  dass die Rekrutierung von PAF1c an RNAPII von MYC abhängig ist. Für die Zellproliferation und die Regulierung von MYCZielgenen ist PAF1c jedoch weitgehend entbehrlich. 
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Depletion von CTR9, einer Untereinheit von PAF1c, in einem murinen Modell des duktalen Adenokarzinoms der Bauchspeicheldrüse zu einer 
starken Tumorregression mit langfristigem Überleben einiger Mäuse führte. Diese Wirkung war nicht auf die Induktion von DNA-Schäden zurückzuführen, sondern auf die Wiederherstellung der Immunüberwachung  des Tumors. 
Die Deletion von PAF1c führte zu einer Umverteilung von RNAPII und Trankriptionselongationsfaktoren wie SPT6, von langen Genen  hin zu kurzen Genen. Dadurch wurden lange Gene wie zum Beispiel DNA Reparaturgene nicht vollständig transkribiert, kurze Gene wie MHC-Klasse-I-Gene hingegen schon. Diese Daten zeigen, dass ein Gleichgewicht zwischen der Transkription langer und kurzer Gene für die Tumorprogression wichtig ist und dass eine Verminderung der PAF1c-Konzentration dieses Gleichgewicht in Richtung eines tumorsuppressiven Transkriptionsprogramms verschiebt. Außerdem besteht ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der MYCvermittelten S-Phasen-Progression und der  Umgehung des Immunsystems. Im Gegensatz zu MYC verfügt PAF1c über eine stabile und gut bekannte gefaltete Struktur. Daher könnte die Entwicklung eines kleinen Moleküls, das PAF1c hemmt, die Funktion 
von MYC zur Umgehung des Immunsystems stören und gleichzeitig seine 
physiologischen Funktionen für das Zellwachstum nicht beeinträchtigen.
KW  - Myc
KW  - Transkription
KW  - PAF1c
KW  - Transcription elongation
KW  - Immune evasion
KW  - Immunevasion
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360459
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - von der Heide, Julia Magdalena
T1  - Ist eine Berechnung der Geometrie der Halswirbelkörper  anhand ihrer Morphologie im Kindesalter und somit eine Individualisierung der CVM-Methode möglich?
T1  - Is it possible to calculate the geometry of the cervical vertebral bodies based on their morphology in childhood and thus individualize the CVM method?
N2  - Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob anhand geometrischer Merkmale der HWK im Kindesalter eine sichere individuelle Vorhersage der Morphologie der HWK zum Ende der Entwicklung möglich ist. Hierdurch könnte eine Individualisierung der CVM-Methode und somit eine Einschätzung des bereits verstrichenen Wachstums erfolgen. 
Zu diesem Zweck wurden insgesamt 1377 FRS-Aufnahmen von 267 Patienten – 110 weibliche und 157 männliche – aus dem Archiv der Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg digitalisiert und untersucht. Die HWK wurden im Programm OnyxCeph (Herst.: Image Instruments GmbH) quantifiziert und die berechneten Werte mit der Software SPSS statistisch ausgewertet. Mittels linearer Regressionen wurde versucht, anhand der Morphologie der Wirbelkörper vor dem puberalen Wachstumsschub auf die Geometrie der HWK im Erwachsenenalter zu schließen. Zur Illustrierung wurden Streudiagramm und die dazugehörigen Abfolgen von Röntgenbildern dargestellt. 
Eine Schätzung der Geometrie der HWK im Erwachsenenalter würde bei den separat betrachteten Parametern und bei einer gemeinsamen Betrachtung der Parameter kaum zu korrekten Einschätzungen führen.
Die Streudiagramme mit den Bilderabfolgen stützen diese These ebenfalls und illustrieren die mögliche Fehleinschätzung der Geometrie. 
Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen erneut, dass die Geometrie der HWK im Erwachsenenalter sehr variabel ist, wie komplex die Entwicklung der HWK ist und dass anhand ihrer Geometrie im Kindesalter keine sichere Einschätzung der skelettalen Reife möglich ist.
Eine Individualisierung der CVM-Methode ist anhand der in dieser Studie untersuchten Parameter nicht möglich. Somit lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass die CVM-Methode nicht als alleinige Methode zur präzisen skelettalen Alterseinschätzung verlässlich genutzt werden kann, sondern für eine sichere Beurteilung weitere Reifeindikatoren hinzugezogen werden sollten. Allerdings sollten hierzu zusätzliche radiologische Untersuchungen, wie beispielsweise die Handröntgenaufnahme, nur dann durchgeführt werden, wenn diese dem ALARA-Prinzip entsprechen.
N2  - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a reliable individual prediction of the morphology of the cervical vertebral bodies at the end of development is possible based on their geometric features in childhood. This could allow the CVM method to be individualized and thus an assessment of the growth that has already occurred.
For this purpose, a total of 1377 FRS images of 267 patients - 110 female and 157 male - from the archive of the Department of Orthodontics at the University Hospital of Würzburg were digitized and examined. The cervical vertebrae were quantified using the OnyxCeph program and the calculated values were statistically evaluated using the SPSS software. Through linear regressions an attempt was made to use the morphology of the cervical vertebral bodies before the pubertal growth spurt to draw conclusions about the geometry of the cervical vertebrae in adulthood. A scatter diagram and the associated sequences of X-ray images were displayed to illustrate this.
An estimate of the geometry of the cervical vertebral bodies in adulthood would hardly lead to correct assessments wheter the parameters were considered separately or  together.
The scatter diagrams with the image sequences also support this thesis and illustrate the possible misjudgement of the geometry.
The results of the study show once again the geometrical variability and the complexity of the development of the cervical vertebral bodies, which makes it impossible to give a reliable assessment of skeletal maturity based on its geometry in childhood.
It is not possible to individualize the CVM method based on the parameters examined in this study. It can therefore be concluded that the CVM method cannot be used reliably as the sole method for precise skeletal age assessment, but that further maturity indicators should be involved for a reliable assessment. However, additional radiological examinations, such as hand X-rays, should only be carried out if they comply with the ALARA principle.
KW  - Skelett
KW  - CVM-Methode
KW  - Altersbestimmung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360753
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Keicher, Franca
T1  - Muskuläre Einflüsse der Rotatorenmanschette auf die Early Onset Arthrose der Schulter
T1  - Muscular Influences of the Rotator Cuff on Early Onset Shoulder Osteoarthritis
N2  - Introduction: The etiology of early onset shoulder arthritis (EOA) remains unclear. Due to the influence of the muscles of the rotator cuff (RC) on glenohumeral kinematics, muscular causes are being discussed. The aim of the study was to identify corresponding factors on EOA based on volume measurements of the RC and examinations of the adjacent bony structures in MRI imaging, as well as the collection of patient-specific characteristics.

Methods: In a case-control study, shoulders of 15 patients (14 men, 1 woman) with shoulder arthritis before the age of 60 and 13 control subjects (13 men) were examined. Anthropometric body measurements and clinical characteristics were collected. The volumes of the RC were calculated using manual tracing of the individual muscle cross- sections on MRI scans. In addition, the angles between the coracoid or scapular spine and scapular body were measured. The position of the scapula to the thorax was determined by recording the angle of the scapula to the plane of the table. The glenoid retroversion, morphological types, and humeral head subluxation were also collected. The analysis was conducted using descriptive and comparative statistical methods, as well as logistic and linear regression analyses.

Results: The volumes of the RC did not differ significantly between the patients with EOA and the control subjects, either in absolute terms or in relative proportions. However, significantly higher values of thorax circumference and diameter, body weight, and BMI were found in the diseased individuals compared to the controls. Furthermore, these individuals were significantly more likely to have occupations that expended more than 1400 kcal per day. The risk of EOA increased with the steeper angle of the scapula to the thorax. Patients with B2-glenoid had significantly larger angles between the coracoid and scapular body as well as higher values of transverse thorax diameter, than those with B1-glenoid. Regardless of whether EOA was present or not, engaging in overhead sports was associated with a higher subluxation index.

Conclusion: While the RC did not show any abnormalities in EOA patients, male gender, BMI, thoracic shape and scapular position, as well as certain occupations and sports, were associated with EOA. Further studies are needed to investigate these risk factors in EOA more precisely and develop possible treatment concepts. Peripheral shoulder muscles (such as teres major or pectoralis major) should also be included in the investigations.
N2  - Einleitung: 
Die Ätiologie der Early Onset Arthrose (EOA) der Schulter ist bislang ungeklärt. Aufgrund des Einflusses der Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette (RM) auf die glenohumerale Kinematik werden muskuläre Ursachen diskutiert. Ziel der Studie war es, entsprechende Faktoren anhand von Volumenmessungen der RM und Untersuchungen der angrenzenden knöchernen Strukturen in der MRT-Bildgebung sowie der Erfassung patientenspezifischer Charakteristika zu identifizieren.

Methoden: 
In einer Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden Schultern von 15 PatientInnen (14 Männer, 1 Frau) mit einer Omarthrose vor dem 60. Lebensjahr und 13 Kontrollpersonen (ausschließlich Männer) untersucht. Dabei wurden anthropometrische Körpermessungen sowie klinische Charakteristika erhoben. Anhand von MRT-Bildern wurden die Volumina der RM mittels manueller Umrandung der einzelnen Muskelquerschnitte berechnet. Weiterhin wurden die Winkel zwischen Coracoid bzw. Spina scapulae und Scapulakörper gemessen. Die Stellung der Scapula zum Thorax wurde anhand des Winkels der Scapula zur Tischebene erhoben. Zudem wurden die Glenoidretroversion, -morphologietypen und Humeruskopfsubluxation ermittelt. Die Auswertung erfolgte anhand deskriptiver und vergleichender statistischer Verfahren sowie logistischer und linearer Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse: 
Die Volumina der RM von PatientInnen mit EOA unterschieden sich weder absolut noch im relativen Verhältnis von denen der Kontrollpersonen. Dagegen konnten im Vergleich signifikant höhere Werte des Thoraxumfangs und -durchmessers, des Körpergewichts sowie des BMI bei erkrankten Personen nachgewiesen werden. Weiterhin übten diese signifikant häufiger Berufe aus, die mehr als 1400 kcal pro Tag verbrauchten. Das Risiko einer EOA nahm zu, je steiler die Scapula zum Thorax stand. PatientInnen mit B2-Glenoid wiesen signifikant größere Winkel zwischen Coracoid und Scapulakörper sowie höhere Werte des transversalen Thoraxdurchmessers auf, als erkrankte Personen mit einem B1-Glenoid. Unabhängig von einer Erkrankung mit EOA zeigte sich, dass das Ausüben einer Überkopfsportart mit einem höheren Subluxationsindex assoziiert war.

Fazit: 
Während die RM keine Auffälligkeiten bei PatientInnen mit EOA zeigte, waren ein männliches Geschlecht, der BMI, die Thoraxform und Scapulastellung, sowie die Ausübung bestimmter Berufe und Sportarten mit der Erkrankung assoziiert. Weitere Studien müssen folgen, um diese Risikofaktoren bei EOA genauer zu untersuchen und mögliche Therapiekonzepte zu entwickeln. Dabei sollte auch die periphere Schultermuskulatur (z. B. M. teres major oder M. pectoralis major) in die Untersuchungen miteinbezogen werden.
KW  - Arthrose
KW  - Schultergelenk
KW  - Early Onset Schulterarthrose
KW  - Rotatorenmanschette
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360557
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Rehlinghaus, Christine
T1  - Retrospektive Evaluation der intravenösen Dexamethason- bzw. Methylprednisolon-Pulstherapie bei ausgeprägter Alopecia areata
T1  - Retrospective evaluation of intravenous dexamethasone or methylprednisolone pulse therapy for severe alopecia areata
N2  - Hintergrund: Bei der Entscheidung für eine intravenöse Kortikosteroid-Pulstherapie bei schweren Formen der AA ist die Abwägung von Therapieaufwand, Nebenwirkungen und Risiken einerseits und der Erfolgsaussicht andererseits von zentraler Bedeutung. 
Ziel: Ziel dieser retrospektiven Analyse war es daher, die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der intravenösen Kortikosteroid-Pulstherapie bei Patient:innen mit ausgeprägter AA klinikintern als qualitätssichernde Maßnahme zu untersuchen, prognostisch bedeutsame Faktoren für den Therapieeffekt zu ermitteln und hierdurch die beste Indikation herauszuarbeiten. 
Methode: 126 Patient:innen (13 Kinder und Jugendliche) erhielten Dexamethason 100 mg (122 Patienten) oder Methylprednisolon 20-30 mg/kg/KG (max. 1000 mg, 4 Patienten) an drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen für ein bis drei Zyklen. 
Ergebnisse: Patienten mit einer AA partialis bzw. diffusa zeigten im Hinblick auf ein vollständiges oder kosmetisch akzeptables Wiederwachstum die besten Ansprechraten (44,3%, n=43). Unter den Ophiasis-Patienten und den Patienten mit AA totalis/universalis sprach nur etwa ein Viertel auf die Therapie an (Ophiasis 23,8%, n=5; AA totalis/universalis: 25%, n=2). Schwerwiegende unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. 
Schlussfolgerung: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung ließen sich eine längere Bestandsdauer der Erkrankung und Erkrankungsepisode (über 6 Monate), ein schwerer Ausprägungsgrad (Ophiasis, AA totalis/universalis) und krankheitstypische Nagelveränderungen als wichtige ungünstige prognostische Faktoren nachweisen. Dagegen wirkten sich die untersuchten Kriterien Alter, Geschlecht, atopisches Ekzem und andere Erkrankungen des atopischen Formenkreises, Schilddrüsen- und Autoimmunerkrankungen in der Eigenanamnese sowie AA in der Familienanamnese nicht negativ auf den Behandlungserfolg aus. Patienten mit AA partialis und einer Bestandsdauer der AA von maximal 6 Monaten haben die besten Erfolgsaussichten.
N2  - Background: When deciding in favour of intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy for severe forms of AA, it is of central importance to weigh up the therapeutic effort, side effects and risks on the one hand and the prospects of success on the other.
Aim: The aim of this retrospective analysis was therefore to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy in patients with pronounced AA within the clinic as a quality assurance measure, to determine prognostically significant factors for the therapeutic effect and thus to identify the best indication.
Methods: 126 patients (13 children and adolescents) received dexamethasone 100 mg (122 patients) or methylprednisolone 20-30 mg/kg/KG (max. 1000 mg, 4 patients) on three consecutive days for one to three cycles.
Results: Patients with AA partialis or diffusa showed the best response rates in terms of complete or cosmetically acceptable regrowth (44.3%, n=43). Among the ophiasis patients and the patients with AA totalis/universalis, only about a quarter responded to the therapy (ophiasis 23.8%, n=5; AA totalis/universalis: 25%, n=2). No serious adverse events were observed.
Conclusion: In the present study, a longer duration of the disease and disease episode (more than 6 months), a severe degree of severity (ophiasis, AA totalis/universalis) and nail changes typical of the disease were found to be important unfavourable prognostic factors. In contrast, the investigated criteria of age, gender, atopic eczema and other atopic diseases, thyroid and autoimmune diseases in the patient's own medical history and AA in the family history did not have a negative effect on the success of treatment. Patients with AA partialis and a maximum duration of AA of 6 months have the best chances of success.
KW  - Alopecia areata
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360711
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Fieber, Tabea
T1  - Retrospektive unizentrische Analyse des Komplikationsmanagements bei Anastomoseninsuffizienz nach linksseitiger Kolon- und Rektumresektion
T1  - Retrospective unicenter study of management of anastomotic leakage after left hemicolectomy and rectal resection
N2  - Eine gefürchtete Komplikation nach Resektionen am Kolon mit Wiederherstellung der Kontinuität ist das Auftreten einer Anastomoseninsuffizienz (AI). Der Prozess der Diagnosestellung und das therapeutische Vorgehen sind zentrumsspezifisch und sehr heterogen.  Ziel dieser Promotionsarbeit war die deskriptive Darstellung der Prävalenz, Diagnostik und Therapie von AI, um anhand dieser Daten ein bestimmtes zu favorisierendes Vorgehen zur AI-Behandlung herauszuarbeiten.
Es wurde eine retrospektive unizentrische Analyse durchgeführt. Diese umfasste eine Kohorte von 744 Patienten, welche von 2009 bis 2013 am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg unter Kontinuitätserhalt kolorektal reseziert wurden. Es erfolgte eine deskriptive und statistische Auswertung mittels uni- und multivariater Analysen in Bezug auf Demographie, Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer AI und den Erfolg der einzelnen Therapiekonzepte.  
Während der Nachbeobachtungsphase vom im Mittel 2,5 Jahren entwickelten 10,48% der Patienten eine AI. 60% der Insuffizienzen wurden während der ersten 7 postoperativen Tage detektiert. Als Risikofaktoren konnten indikationsunabhängig männliches Geschlecht, offener Zugangsweg und pulmonale Erkrankungen herausgearbeitet werden. Indikationsspezifisch zeigte sich eine Zunahme des AI-Risikos bei Divertikulitis-Patienten mit pulmonalen Erkrankungen (OR 4,5) und Cortisoneinnahme (OR 5,4). Auffällig wurden Patienten mit AI durch heterogene und teils unspezifische Symptome – am häufigsten durch Fieber (28,21%) und auffällige Laborwerte (48,72%). Eine folgende CT-Diagnostik bestätigte die Diagnose in 76,32% der Fälle und war in 24,48% falsch negativ. Patienten mit schlechtem AZ bei Diagnose der AI zeigten eine signifikant höhere Mortalität. Ein protektives Stoma konnte eine AI nicht verhindern, aber ihre Symptome und die Schwere des Verlaufs abmildern. Gemessen an der Überlebensrate und der Revisionspflichtigkeit unterschieden sich die durchgeführten Maßnahmen beim Versuch der kontinuitätserhaltenden Therapie nicht in Bezug auf den Erfolg der Therapie. 
Wie Insuffizienz- und Mortalitätsrate nach AI zeigen, ist diese unizentrische Analyse international vergleichbar. Die Ableitung einer generellen Empfehlung zur therapeutischen Vorgehensweise bei AI ist nicht möglich. Vielmehr sind alle dargestellten Maßnahmen zur Beherrschung der AI sinnvoll, während die Wahl der Vorgehensweise weiterhin eine Individualentscheidung bleibt.
N2  - Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a feared complication following continuity-preserving colon resection. The process of making the diagnosis and the planning of a therapeutic strategy are center-specific and very heterogeneous. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to describe the prevalence, diagnosis and therapy of AL, in order to use this data to identify a specific strategy that would overall improve outcomes while treating AL.

A retrospective unicentric analysis was performed. This included a cohort of 744 patients who underwent colorectal resection with continuity preservation at the Würzburg University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. A descriptive and statistical evaluation was carried out using univariate and multivariate analyzes regarding demographics, risk factors for the development of AL and the success of the individual therapy concepts.
During the follow-up period of a mean of 2.5 years, 10.48% of patients developed AL. 60% of the insufficiencies were detected during the first 7 postoperative days. Male gender, open access and pulmonary diseases were identified as non-surgery-related risk factors, while diverticulitis patients with pulmonary diseases (OR 4.5) and patients taking cortisone (OR 5.4) were identified as surgery-related risk factor. Patients with AL were characterized by heterogeneous and sometimes non-specific symptoms - most commonly fever (28.21%) and abnormal laboratory values (48.72%). A follow-up CT scan confirmed the diagnosis in 76.32% of cases and was false negative in 24.48%.
Patients with poor general health at the time of diagnosing AL showed a significantly higher mortality rate. A protective stoma did not prevent AL, however showed to alleviate its symptoms and course severity. Measured in terms of the survival rate and the need for revision surgery, the measures carried out did not differ in success of the therapy when attempting continuity-preserving therapy.

The rates of insufficiency and mortality after AL demonstrate, that this unicentric analysis is internationally comparable. It is was, however, at the time of this study not possible to derive a general recommendation for the therapeutic strategy towards AL. Rather, all of the measures presented for mastering AL make sense, while the choice of the strategy remains an individual decision.
KW  - Darmanastomose
KW  - Anastomoseninsuffizienz
KW  - Komplikationsmanagement
KW  - Rektumresektion
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360730
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Enzensberger, Eva
T1  - Stellenwert der Dobutamin-Stress-Echokardiographie bei der Unterscheidung einer hochgradigen von einer pseudo-hochgradigen Aortenklappenstenose und Bestimmung deren echokardiographischer Prädiktoren
T1  - Value of dobutamine stress echocardiography in differentiating between true-severe and pseudo-severe low-gradient aortic stenosis and determining their echocardiographic predictors
N2  - Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu eruieren, ob die DSE zur Unterscheidung einer TS- von einer PSAS beitragen kann. Ebenfalls untersuchten wir, ob es bestimmte echokardiographische Prädiktoren für eine TS- und eine PSAS gibt und ob die LVEF bei Patienten mit einer LGAS eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Methoden: Es wurde bei 130 Patienten mit einer asymptomatischen AS im Uniklinikum Würzburg zwischen Januar 2011 und Dezember 2016 sowohl eine TTE als auch eine DSE durchgeführt. Mittels TTE wurden verschiedene echokardiographische Daten erhoben und falls die Patienten eine AVAi  0,6 cm2/m2 und eine PGmean < 40 mmHg aufwiesen, wurden sie in die Studie eingeschlossen. Sie wurden in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt, je nachdem ob sie eine LGAS mit einer LVEF  50% oder < 50% aufwiesen. Bei allen Patienten wurde in der DSE die AVAproj berechnet und sie wurden daraufhin in zwei Untergruppen aufgeteilt, Patienten mit einer AVAproj  1 cm2 wurden der Gruppe mit einer hochgradigen LGAS (TS-LGAS) und Patienten mit einer AVAproj > 1cm2 der Gruppe mit einer pseudo-hochgradigen LGAS (PS-LGAS) zugeteilt. Alle Patientendaten wurden manuell ausgewertet. Das klinische Follow Up fand frühestens ein Jahr nach der DSE statt und bestand aus einem Telefoninterview oder einer klinischen Untersuchung. Ergebnisse: Die DSE ist zur Diagnose einer TS-LGAS bei Patienten mit einer erhaltenen LVEF von großem Nutzen. Die in der TTE gemessene AVA ist ein  unabhängiger Prädiktor für eine TS-LGAS bei Patienten mit erhaltener und reduzierter LVEF. Eine verringerte MAPSE und eine reduzierte TDI-s´ sprechen bei Patienten mit erhaltener LVEF für eine TS-LGAS. Bei Patienten mit reduzierter LVEF weisen ein erhöhter sPAP und eine verringerte AV Geschwindigkeits Ratio auf eine TS-LGAS hin. Bei Zweifeln können weitere bildgebende Verfahren zur Diagnosefindung hinzugezogen werden.
N2  - The aim of this study was to determine whether DSE can help differentiate between TS- and PSAS. We also investigated whether there are specific echocardiographic predictors for TS- and PSAS, and whether LVEF plays a crucial role in patients with LGAS. Methods: Both TTE and DSE were performed on 130 patients with asymptomatic AS at the University Hospital Würzburg between January 2011 and December 2016. Various echocardiographic data were collected via TTE, and if the patients had an AVAi ≤ 0.6 cm²/m² and a PGmean < 40 mmHg, they were included in the study. They were divided into two groups depending on whether they had LGAS with an LVEF ≥ 50% or < 50%. In all patients, the AVAproj was calculated during the DSE, and they were then divided into two subgroups: patients with an AVAproj ≤ 1 cm² were assigned to the true-severe LGAS group (TS-LGAS), and patients with an AVAproj > 1 cm² were assigned to the pseudo-severe LGAS group (PS-LGAS). All patient data were manually evaluated. The clinical follow-up took place at least one year after the DSE and consisted of a telephone interview or a clinical examination. Results: DSE is very useful for diagnosing TS-LGAS in patients with preserved LVEF. The AVA measured in TTE is an independent predictor for TS-LGAS in patients with preserved and reduced LVEF. A decreased MAPSE and a reduced TDI-s' indicate TS-LGAS in patients with preserved LVEF. In patients with reduced LVEF, an increased sPAP and a decreased AV velocity ratio indicate TS-LGAS. Additional imaging techniques may be used for diagnosis in cases of doubt.
KW  - Aortenstenose
KW  - Dobutamin-Stress-Echokardiographie
KW  - true-severe aortic stenosis
KW  - pseudo-severe aortic stenosis
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360146
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Buchta, Ulrike
T1  - Hörergebnisse und Vestibularisfunktion nach transtemporaler Resektion von intrameatalen Vestibularisschwannomen mit Evaluation der postoperativen, konservativen Hörgeräteversorgung
T1  - Hearing results and vestibular function after tumor removal of small vestibular schwannomas by the middle fossa approach and evaluation of the hearing rehabilitation with classical hearing devices postoperatively
N2  - Das Vestibularisschwannom ist ein Tumor, dessen Entstehung noch nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Jeder kann von dieser seltenen Erkrankung betroffen sein. Darum ist es wichtig, die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Therapieoptionen regelmäßig aufzuarbeiten und die Möglichkeiten einer Hörrehabilitation mit konventionellen oder implantierbaren Hörsystemen sowie Ansätze zur Schwindelrehabilitation oder einer möglichen Prähabilitation zu evaluieren. Mit der transtemporalen mikrochirurgischen Tumorexstirpation kann eine Heilung und bei einem großen Teil der Patienten auch ein Hörerhalt erzielt werden. Je jünger die Patienten sind, aber vor allem auch je besser sie vor der Operation hören, desto höher sind auch die Chancen auf einen Hörerhalt. Es zeigte sich jedoch auch, dass bei Patienten mit initial schlechterem Hören, welche dann operiert wurden, dieses zum Teil wieder verbessert werden konnte. Daher sind Ansätze, mehr Patienten eine transtemporale Tumorresektion anzubieten durchaus sinnvoll, auch um die Chancen auf eine Hörverbesserung zu ermöglichen. Des Weiteren sollte auch bei Patienten mit Schwindelbeschwerden eine Operation als Behandlungsoption erwogen werden. Die Prähabilitation mit Gentamicin-Injektionen in das Mittelohr scheint eine neue Möglichkeit zu sein, das zentrale Nervensystem schon auf den Ausfall des Vestibularorgans vorzubereiten. Durch die ototoxische Wirkung des Gentamicins und den potenziellen Hörverlust, wäre jedoch eine Kombination dieser Prähabilitation mit einem hörerhaltenden Eingriff über den transtemporalen Zugang risikobehaftet. Eine zentrale Kompensation der Schwindelbeschwerden sollte nach dem Eingriff mit einer gezielten Schwindelrehabilitation unterstützt werden. Während bei dieser vor allem physiotherapeutische Übungen angewandt werden, gibt es im Hinblick auf eine Hörrehabilitation schon verschiedene medizintechnische Optionen. Aktuell gibt es vor allem Studien zu den implantierbaren Hörhilfen und neue Daten zu den konservativen Möglichkeiten einer Hörrehabilitation sind eher die Ausnahme. Die Nutzung einer konservativen Hörhilfe sollte jedoch vor dem Entscheid zu einer operativen Lösung über implantierbare Systeme konsequent angewandt werden. Die in dieser Arbeit aufgezeigten positiven Momente bei der Versorgung von VS-Patienten prä- und posttherapeutisch mit herkömmlichen Hörgeräten sollten weiteren Eingang in die klinische Routine finden.
N2  - The origin of the vestibular schwannoma is not fully understood yet, still anyone can be affected by it. Therefore it´s even more important to compare the different therapeutic options and evaluate the possible option of vestibular and auditory rehabilitation. The tumor removal by the middle fossa approach offers a good therapeutic option with possibility of preserving the natural hearing, especially in younger patients.
Some patients even showed an improvement of hearing post-surgery.
In patient suffering from vertigo surgery can be an option too. Preoperativly applicated Gentamicin Injections inside the middle ear could be an option to prepare the central nervous system for surgery, on the opposite it acts ototoxic and is not suitable for the goal of a hearing preservation during surgery.
While for vestibular rehabilitation physiotherapeutic treatment can be used, there are different ways to accomplish hearing rehabilitation. On one side there are classical hearing aids which should be tried in every case, if these devices are not suiting the needs of the patient implantable hearing aids might be a better option. The results of this study showed a positive outcome for patients treated with both kinds of hearing aids pre- and postoperatively.
KW  - Akustikustumor
KW  - Vestibularisschwannom
KW  - Hörklassifikation
KW  - transtemporal
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360246
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kühnemundt, Johanna
T1  - Defined microphysiologic 3D tumour models with aspects from the tumour microenvironment for the evaluation of cellular immunotherapies
T1  - Definierte mikrophysiologische 3D-Tumormodelle mit Aspekten aus der Tumormikroumgebung zur Evaluierung von zellulären Immuntherapien
N2  - Adoptive cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is highly effective in haematological malignancies. This success, however, has not been achieved in solid tumours so far. In contrast to hematologic malignancies, solid tumours include a hostile tumour microenvironment (TME), that poses additional challenges for curative effects and consistent therapeutic outcome. These challenges manifest in physical and immunological barriers that dampen efficacy of the CAR T cells. Preclinical testing of novel cellular immunotherapies is performed mainly in 2D cell culture and animal experiments. While 2D cell culture is an easy technique for efficacy analysis, animal studies reveal information about toxicity in vivo. However, 2D cell culture cannot fully reflect the complexity observed in vivo, because cells are cultured without anchorage to a matrix and only short-term periods are feasible. Animal studies provide a more complex tissue environment, but xenografts often lack human stroma and tumour inoculation occurs mostly ectopically. This emphasises the need for standardisable and scalable tumour models with incorporated TME-aspects, which enable preclinical testing with enhanced predictive value for the clinical outcome of immunotherapies. Therefore, microphysiologic 3D tumour models based on the biological SISmuc (Small Intestinal mucosa and Submucosa) matrix with preserved basement membrane were engaged and improved in this work to serve as a modular and versatile tumour model for efficacy testing of CAR T cells. In order to reflect a variety of cancer entities, TME-aspects, long-term stability and to enhance the read-out options they were further adapted to achieve scalable and standardisable defined microphysiologic 3D tumour models. In this work, novel culture modalities (semi-static, sandwich-culture) were characterised and established that led to an increased and organised tissue generation and long-term stability. Application of the SISmuc matrix was extended to sarcoma and melanoma models and serial bioluminescence intensity (BLI)-based in vivo imaging analysis was established in the microphysiologic 3D tumour models, which represents a time-efficient read-out method for quality evaluation of the models and treatment efficacy analysis, that is independent of the cell phenotype. Isolation of cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs) from lung (tumour) tissue was demonstrated and CAF-implementation further led to stromal-enriched microphysiologic 3D tumour models with in vivo-comparable tissue-like architecture. Presence of CAFs was confirmed by CAF-associated markers (FAP, α-SMA, MMP-2/-9) and cytokines correlated with CAF phenotype, angiogenesis, invasion and immunomodulation. Additionally, an endothelial cell barrier was implemented for static and dynamic culture in a novel bioreactor set-up, which is of particular interest for the analysis of immune cell diapedesis. Studies in microphysiologic 3D Ewing’s sarcoma models indicated that sarcoma cells could be sensitised for GD2-targeting CAR T cells. After enhancing the scale of assessment of the microphysiologic 3D tumour models and improving them for CAR T cell testing, the tumour models were used to analyse their sensitivity towards differently designed receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) CAR T cells and to study the effects of the incorporated TME-aspects on the CAR T cell treatment respectively. ROR1 has been described as a suitable target for several malignancies including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), as well as lung cancer. Therefore, microphysiologic 3D TNBC and lung cancer models were established. Analysis of ROR1 CAR T cells that differed in costimulation, spacer length and targeting domain, revealed, that the microphysiologic 3D tumour models are highly sensitive and can distinguish optimal from sub-optimal CAR design. Here, higher affinity of the targeting domain induced stronger anti-tumour efficacy and anti-tumour function depended on spacer length, respectively. Long-term treatment for 14 days with ROR1 CAR T cells was demonstrated in dynamic microphysiologic 3D lung tumour models, which did not result in complete tumour cell removal, whereas direct injection of CAR T cells into TNBC and lung tumour models represented an alternative route of application in addition to administration via the medium flow, as it induced strong anti-tumour response. Influence of the incorporated TME-aspects on ROR1 CAR T cell therapy represented by CAF-incorporation and/or TGF-β supplementation was analysed. Presence of TGF-β revealed that the specific TGF-β receptor inhibitor SD-208 improves ROR1 CAR T cell function, because it effectively abrogated immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β in TNBC models. Implementation of CAFs should provide a physical and immunological barrier towards ROR1 CAR T cells, which, however, was not confirmed, as ROR1 CAR T cell function was retained in the presence of CAFs in stromal-enriched microphysiologic 3D lung tumour models. The absence of an effect of CAF enrichment on CAR T cell efficacy suggests a missing component for the development of an immunosuppressive TME, even though immunomodulatory cytokines were detected in co-culture models. Finally, improved gene-edited ROR1 CAR T cells lacking exhaustion-associated genes (PD-1, TGF-β-receptor or both) were challenged by the combination of CAF-enrichment and TGF-β in microphysiologic 3D TNBC models. Results indicated that the absence of PD-1 and TGF-β receptor leads to improved CAR T cells, that induce strong tumour cell lysis, and are protected against the hostile TME. Collectively, the microphysiologic 3D tumour models presented in this work reflect aspects of the hostile TME of solid tumours, engage BLI-based analysis and provide long-term tissue homeostasis. Therefore, they present a defined, scalable, reproducible, standardisable and exportable model for translational research with enhanced predictive value for efficacy testing and candidate selection of cellular immunotherapy, as exemplified by ROR1 CAR T cells.
N2  - Die adoptive Immuntherapie mit chimären Antigenrezeptor (CAR) exprimierenden T-Zellen zeigt bei hämatologischen Krebsformen eine hohe Wirksamkeit. Bisher konnte dieser Erfolg für solide Tumore nicht erreicht werden. Im Gegensatz zu hämatologischen Krebsformen zeigen solide Tumore eine feindliche Tumormikroumgebung (TME), die zusätzliche Herausforderungen für die Erlangung kurativer Effekte und konsistenter Therapieergebnisse darstellen. Diese Herausforderungen äußern sich in physikalischen und immunologischen Barrieren, welche die Wirksamkeit der CAR-T-Zellen abschwächt. Zur präklinischen Testung neuartiger zellulärer Immuntherapien werden hauptsächlich 2D-Zellkulturen und Tierstudien durchgeführt. 2D-Zellkulturexperimente eignen sich vor allem für Wirksamkeitsanalysen, während Tierstudien Aufschluss über die Toxizität in-vivo geben können. Allerdings kann die 2D-Zellkultur die Komplexität der in-vivo Situation nicht vollständig widerspiegeln, da die Zellen ohne Verankerung an einer Matrix kultiviert werden und nur kurzfristige Zeiträume abgebildet werden können. Tierstudien bieten einen komplexeren Gewebekontext, wobei Xenografts aber oft das humane Stroma fehlt und die Tumorinokulation meist ektopisch erfolgt. Dies unterstreicht den Bedarf an standardisierbaren und skalierbaren Tumormodellen mit inkorporierten TME-Aspekten, die präklinische Testungen mit erhöhtem Vorhersagewert für den klinischen Erfolg von Immuntherapien ermöglichen. Daher wurden in dieser Arbeit mikrophysiologische 3D-Tumormodelle auf Basis der biologischen SISmuc (Small Intestinal mukosa und Submukosa)-Matrix mit erhaltener Basalmembran eingesetzt und verbessert, um als modulares und vielseitiges Tumormodell für die Wirksamkeitsprüfung von CAR T-Zellen zu dienen. Um eine Vielzahl von Krebsentitäten, TME-Aspekte und Langzeitstabilität abzubilden und um die Ausleseparamter zu verbessern, wurden die Tumormodelle weiter angepasst um skalierbare und standardisierbare definierte mikrophysiologische 3D Tumormodelle zu erhalten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden neue Kulturmodalitäten (semistatische Kultur, Sandwich-Kultur) charakterisiert und etabliert, die zu einer vermehrten und erhöhten Gewebebildung sowie Langzeitstabilität der Modelle führen. Die Anwendung der SISmuc-Matrix wurde auf Sarkom- und Melanom-Modelle erweitert und in den mikrophysiologischen 3D-Tumormodellen wurde ein serielles Biolumineszenz-Intensitäts (BLI)-basiertes In-vivo-Analyse-Verfahren etabliert, welches eine zeiteffiziente Methode für die Qualitätsbewertung der Modelle sowie die Analyse der Therapiewirksamkeit darstellt, welche unabhängig vom Zell-Phänotyp ist. Die Isolation von Krebs-assoziierten Fibroblasten (CAFs) aus Lungen-(Tumor) Gewebe wurde demonstriert und die CAF-Implementierung führte des Weiteren zu stromal-angereicherten mikrophysiologischen 3D-Tumormodellen mit in-vivo vergleichbarer gewebeähnlicher Architektur. CAFs wurden mit Hilfe von CAF-assoziierten Markern (FAP, α-SMA, MMP-2/-9) und einer Zytokinanalyse in den Modellen identifiziert. Diese bestätigte ebenfalls Zytokine, welche mit Angiogenese, Invasion und Immunmodulation assoziiert sind. Zusätzlich wurde eine Endothelzellbarriere sowohl in statischer als auch in der dynamischen Kultur implementiert, wofür ein neuer Bioreaktoraufbau verwendet wurde, welcher insbesondere für die Analyse der Immunzelldiapedesis interessant ist. Studien in mikrophysiologischen 3D-Ewing-Sarkom-Modellen zeigten, dass diese für GD2-spezifische CAR-T-Zellen sensibilisiert werden können. Nach der Erweiterung des Untersuchungsumfangs der mikrophysiologischen 3D-Tumormodelle und deren Verbesserung für die CAR-T-Zell-Testung wurden die Tumormodelle verwendet, um ihre Sensitivität gegenüber unterschiedlich designten Rezeptor-Tyrosinkinase-like Orphan-Rezeptor 1 (ROR1) -spezifischen CAR-T-Zellen zu analysieren. Des Weiteren wurden die Auswirkungen der eingebauten TME-Aspekte auf die CAR-T-Therapie untersucht. ROR1 wurde als geeignetes Ziel für verschiedene maligne Erkrankungen beschrieben, darunter auch triple-negtive-breast-cancer (TNBC) und Lungenkrebs. Daher wurden mikrophysiologische 3D-TNBC- und Lungenkrebs-Modelle für die Testungen aufgebaut. Die Analyse von ROR1-CAR-T-Zellen, die sich in Kostimulation, Spacerlänge und der Ziel-Domäne unterschieden, zeigte, dass die mikrophysiologischen 3D-Tumormodelle eine hohe Sensitivität zur Unterscheidung von suboptimal und optimal designten CARs aufweisen. Dabei induzierte eine Ziel-Domäne mit höherer Affinität eine stärkere Anti-Tumor-Wirkung. Zusätzlich war die Anti-Tumor-Funktion abhängig von der Spacerlänge. In dynamischen mikrophysiologischen 3D-Lungentumormodellen wurde eine Langzeitbehandlung über 14 Tage mit ROR1-CAR-T-Zellen realisiert, die jedoch nicht zu einer vollständigen Entfernung der Tumorzellen führte. Die direkte Injektion von CAR-T-Zellen in TNBC- und Lungentumormodellen induzierte eine starke Anti-Tumorantwort und stellt somit neben der Zugabe über den Medienstrom einen alternativen Applikationsweg dar. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss der inkorporierten TME-Aspekte auf die ROR1 CAR T-Zelltherapie untersucht, welche sich durch CAF-Inkorporation und/oder TGF-β-Supplementierung darstellten. Die Zugabe von TGF-β zeigte, dass der spezifische TGF-β-Rezeptor-Inhibitor SD-208 die Funktion der ROR1 CAR T-Zellen verbesserte, da er die immunsuppressiven Effekte von TGF-β in TNBC-Modellen effektiv aufhob. Die Implementierung von CAFs sollte eine physikalische und immunologische Barriere gegenüber ROR1 CAR T-Zellen darstellen, was sich jedoch nicht bestätigte, da die Funktion der ROR1 CAR T-Zellen in Anwesenheit von CAFs in stromal-angereicherten mikrophysiologischen 3D-Lungentumormodellen erhalten blieb. Das Fehlen eines Effekts der CAF-Anreicherung auf die CAR T-Zell-Effektivität deutet auf eine fehlende Komponente für die Entwicklung eines immunsuppressiven TME hin, obwohl immunmodulatorische Zytokine in Co-Kultur-Modellen nachgewiesen wurden. Schließlich wurden verbesserte gen-editierte ROR1-CAR-T-Zellen, denen erschöpfungsassoziierte Gene (PD-1, TGF-β-Rezeptor oder beide) fehlten, durch die Kombination von CAF-Anreicherung und TGF-β in mikrophysiologischen 3D-TNBC-Modellen herausgefordert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass ROR1 CAR T Zellen ohne PD-1 und TGF-β-Rezeptor überlegen sind, eine starke Tumorzell-Lyse induzieren und vor der feindlichen TME geschützt sind. Zusammenfassend spiegeln die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten mikrophysiologischen 3D-Tumormodelle Aspekte der feindlichen TME solider Tumore wider, ermöglichen BLI-basierte Analysen und bieten eine langfristige Gewebehomöostase. Daher stellen sie ein definiertes, skalierbares, reproduzierbares, standardisierbares und exportierbares Modell für die translationale Forschung mit erhöhtem Vorhersagewert dar. Sie können für die Wirksamkeitsprüfung sowie Kandidatenauswahl von zellulären Immuntherapie verwendet werden, was vor allem am Beispiel der ROR1 CAR T-Zellen gezeigt wurde.
KW  - CAR T cell
KW  - immunotherapy
KW  - 3D tumour model
KW  - solid tumour
KW  - tumour microenvironment
KW  - TNBC
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - tumour stroma
KW  - microphysiologic 3D tumour model
KW  - Immuntherapie
KW  - Lungenkrebs
KW  - Stroma
KW  - Tumormikroumgebung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276674
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gröbner, Susanne N.
A1  - Worst, Barbara C.
A1  - Weischenfeldt, Joachim
A1  - Buchhalter, Ivo
A1  - Kleinheinz, Kortine
A1  - Rudneva, Vasilisa A.
A1  - Johann, Pascal D.
A1  - Balasubramanian, Gnana Prakash
A1  - Segura-Wang, Maia
A1  - Brabetz, Sebastian
A1  - Bender, Sebastian
A1  - Hutter, Barbara
A1  - Sturm, Dominik
A1  - Pfaff, Elke
A1  - Hübschmann, Daniel
A1  - Zipprich, Gideon
A1  - Heinold, Michael
A1  - Eils, Jürgen
A1  - Lawerenz, Christian
A1  - Erkek, Serap
A1  - Lambo, Sander
A1  - Waszak, Sebastian
A1  - Blattmann, Claudia
A1  - Borkhardt, Arndt
A1  - Kuhlen, Michaela
A1  - Eggert, Angelika
A1  - Fulda, Simone
A1  - Gessler, Manfred
A1  - Wegert, Jenny
A1  - Kappler, Roland
A1  - Baumhoer, Daniel
A1  - Stefan, Burdach
A1  - Kirschner-Schwabe, Renate
A1  - Kontny, Udo
A1  - Kulozik, Andreas E.
A1  - Lohmann, Dietmar
A1  - Hettmer, Simone
A1  - Eckert, Cornelia
A1  - Bielack, Stefan
A1  - Nathrath, Michaela
A1  - Niemeyer, Charlotte
A1  - Richter, Günther H.
A1  - Schulte, Johannes
A1  - Siebert, Reiner
A1  - Westermann, Frank
A1  - Molenaar, Jan J.
A1  - Vassal, Gilles
A1  - Witt, Hendrik
A1  - Burkhardt, Birgit
A1  - Kratz, Christian P.
A1  - Witt, Olaf
A1  - van Tilburg, Cornelis M.
A1  - Kramm, Christof M.
A1  - Fleischhack, Gudrun
A1  - Dirksen, Uta
A1  - Rutkowski, Stefan
A1  - Frühwald, Michael
A1  - Hoff, Katja von
A1  - Wolf, Stephan
A1  - Klingebeil, Thomas
A1  - Koscielniak, Ewa
A1  - Landgraf, Pablo
A1  - Koster, Jan
A1  - Resnick, Adam C.
A1  - Zhang, Jinghui
A1  - Liu, Yanling
A1  - Zhou, Xin
A1  - Waanders, Angela J.
A1  - Zwijnenburg, Danny A.
A1  - Raman, Pichai
A1  - Brors, Benedikt
A1  - Weber, Ursula D.
A1  - Northcott, Paul A.
A1  - Pajtler, Kristian W.
A1  - Kool, Marcel
A1  - Piro, Rosario M.
A1  - Korbel, Jan O.
A1  - Schlesner, Matthias
A1  - Eils, Roland
A1  - Jones, David T. W.
A1  - Lichter, Peter
A1  - Chavez, Lukas
A1  - Zapatka, Marc
A1  - Pfister, Stefan M.
T1  - The landscape of genomic alterations across childhood cancers
JF  - Nature
N2  - Pan-cancer analyses that examine commonalities and differences among various cancer types have emerged as a powerful way to obtain novel insights into cancer biology. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of genetic alterations in a pan-cancer cohort including 961 tumours from children, adolescents, and young adults, comprising 24 distinct molecular types of cancer. Using a standardized workflow, we identified marked differences in terms of mutation frequency and significantly mutated genes in comparison to previously analysed adult cancers. Genetic alterations in 149 putative cancer driver genes separate the tumours into two classes: small mutation and structural/copy-number variant (correlating with germline variants). Structural variants, hyperdiploidy, and chromothripsis are linked to TP53 mutation status and mutational signatures. Our data suggest that 7–8% of the children in this cohort carry an unambiguous predisposing germline variant and that nearly 50% of paediatric neoplasms harbour a potentially druggable event, which is highly relevant for the design of future clinical trials.
KW  - cancer genomics
KW  - oncogenesis
KW  - paediatric cancer
KW  - predictive markers
KW  - translational research
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229579
VL  - 555
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harnoš, Jakub
A1  - Cañizal, Maria Consuelo Alonso
A1  - Jurásek, Miroslav
A1  - Kumar, Jitender
A1  - Holler, Cornelia
A1  - Schambony, Alexandra
A1  - Hanáková, Kateřina
A1  - Bernatík, Ondřej
A1  - Zdráhal, Zbynêk
A1  - Gömöryová, Kristína
A1  - Gybeľ, Tomáš
A1  - Radaszkiewicz, Tomasz Witold
A1  - Kravec, Marek
A1  - Trantírek, Lukáš
A1  - Ryneš, Jan
A1  - Dave, Zankruti
A1  - Fernández-Llamazares, Ana Iris
A1  - Vácha, Robert
A1  - Tripsianes, Konstantinos
A1  - Hoffmann, Carsten
A1  - Bryja, Vítězslav
T1  - Dishevelled-3 conformation dynamics analyzed by FRET-based biosensors reveals a key role of casein kinase 1
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Dishevelled (DVL) is the key component of the Wnt signaling pathway. Currently, DVL conformational dynamics under native conditions is unknown. To overcome this limitation, we develop the Fluorescein Arsenical Hairpin Binder- (FlAsH-) based FRET in vivo approach to study DVL conformation in living cells. Using this single-cell FRET approach, we demonstrate that (i) Wnt ligands induce open DVL conformation, (ii) DVL variants that are predominantly open, show more even subcellular localization and more efficient membrane recruitment by Frizzled (FZD) and (iii) Casein kinase 1 ɛ (CK1ɛ) has a key regulatory function in DVL conformational dynamics. In silico modeling and in vitro biophysical methods explain how CK1ɛ-specific phosphorylation events control DVL conformations via modulation of the PDZ domain and its interaction with DVL C-terminus. In summary, our study describes an experimental tool for DVL conformational sampling in living cells and elucidates the essential regulatory role of CK1ɛ in DVL conformational dynamics.
KW  - biological techniques
KW  - cell signalling
KW  - phosphorylation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227837
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gottschalk, Michael G.
A1  - Richter, Jan
A1  - Ziegler, Christiane
A1  - Schiele, Miriam A.
A1  - Mann, Julia
A1  - Geiger, Maximilian J.
A1  - Schartner, Christoph
A1  - Homola, György A.
A1  - Alpers, Georg W.
A1  - Büchel, Christian
A1  - Fehm, Lydia
A1  - Fydrich, Thomas
A1  - Gerlach, Alexander L.
A1  - Gloster, Andrew T.
A1  - Helbig-Lang, Sylvia
A1  - Kalisch, Raffael
A1  - Kircher, Tilo
A1  - Lang, Thomas
A1  - Lonsdorf, Tina B.
A1  - Pané-Farré, Christiane A.
A1  - Ströhle, Andreas
A1  - Weber, Heike
A1  - Zwanzger, Peter
A1  - Arolt, Volker
A1  - Romanos, Marcel
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Hamm, Alfons
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Reif, Andreas
A1  - Deckert, Jürgen
A1  - Neufang, Susanne
A1  - Höfler, Michael
A1  - Domschke, Katharina
T1  - Orexin in the anxiety spectrum: association of a HCRTR1 polymorphism with panic disorder/agoraphobia, CBT treatment response and fear-related intermediate phenotypes
JF  - Translational Psychiatry
N2  - Preclinical studies point to a pivotal role of the orexin 1 (OX1) receptor in arousal and fear learning and therefore suggest the HCRTR1 gene as a prime candidate in panic disorder (PD) with/without agoraphobia (AG), PD/AG treatment response, and PD/AG-related intermediate phenotypes. Here, a multilevel approach was applied to test the non-synonymous HCRTR1 C/T Ile408Val gene variant (rs2271933) for association with PD/AG in two independent case-control samples (total n = 613 cases, 1839 healthy subjects), as an outcome predictor of a six-weeks exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in PD/AG patients (n = 189), as well as with respect to agoraphobic cognitions (ACQ) (n = 483 patients, n = 2382 healthy subjects), fMRI alerting network activation in healthy subjects (n = 94), and a behavioral avoidance task in PD/AG pre- and post-CBT (n = 271). The HCRTR1 rs2271933 T allele was associated with PD/AG in both samples independently, and in their meta-analysis (p = 4.2 × 10−7), particularly in the female subsample (p = 9.8 × 10−9). T allele carriers displayed a significantly poorer CBT outcome (e.g., Hamilton anxiety rating scale: p = 7.5 × 10−4). The T allele count was linked to higher ACQ sores in PD/AG and healthy subjects, decreased inferior frontal gyrus and increased locus coeruleus activation in the alerting network. Finally, the T allele count was associated with increased pre-CBT exposure avoidance and autonomic arousal as well as decreased post-CBT improvement. In sum, the present results provide converging evidence for an involvement of HCRTR1 gene variation in the etiology of PD/AG and PD/AG-related traits as well as treatment response to CBT, supporting future therapeutic approaches targeting the orexin-related arousal system.
KW  - human behaviour
KW  - molecular neuroscience
KW  - personalized medicine
KW  - predictive markers
KW  - psychiatric disorders
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227479
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giampaolo, Sabrina
A1  - Wójcik, Gabriela
A1  - Klein-Hessling, Stefan
A1  - Serfling, Edgar
A1  - Patra, Amiya K.
T1  - B cell development is critically dependent on NFATc1 activity
JF  - Cellular & Molecular Immunology
N2  - B cell development in bone marrow is a precisely regulated complex process. Through successive stages of differentiation, which are regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways and an array of lineage-specific transcription factors, the common lymphoid progenitors ultimately give rise to mature B cells. Similar to early thymocyte development in the thymus, early B cell development in bone marrow is critically dependent on IL-7 signaling. During this IL-7-dependent stage of differentiation, several transcription factors, such as E2A, EBF1, and Pax5, among others, play indispensable roles in B lineage specification and maintenance. Although recent studies have implicated several other transcription factors in B cell development, the role of NFATc1 in early B cell developmental stages is not known. Here, using multiple gene-manipulated mouse models and applying various experimental methods, we show that NFATc1 activity is vital for early B cell differentiation. Lack of NFATc1 activity in pro-B cells suppresses EBF1 expression, impairs immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, and thereby preBCR formation, resulting in defective B cell development. Overall, deficiency in NFATc1 activity arrested the pro-B cell transition to the pre-B cell stage, leading to severe B cell lymphopenia. Our findings suggest that, along with other transcription factors, NFATc1 is a critical component of the signaling mechanism that facilitates early B cell differentiation.
KW  - differentiation
KW  - EBF1
KW  - NFATc1
KW  - pro-B
KW  - pre-B
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233006
VL  - 16
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwab, Andrea
A1  - Meeuwsen, Annick
A1  - Ehlicke, Franziska
A1  - Hansmann, Jan
A1  - Mulder, Lars
A1  - Smits, Anthal
A1  - Walles, Heike
A1  - Kock, Linda
T1  - Ex vivo culture platform for assessment of cartilage repair treatment strategies
JF  - ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation
N2  - There is a great need for valuable ex vivo models that allow for assessment of cartilage repair strategies to reduce the high number of animal experiments. In this paper we present three studies with our novel ex vivo osteochondral culture platform. It consists of two separated media compartments for cartilage and bone, which better represents the in vivo situation and enables supply of factors pecific to the different needs of bone and cartilage. We investigated whether separation of the cartilage and bone compartments and/or culture media results in the maintenance of viability, structural and functional properties of cartilage tissue. Next, we valuated for how long we can preserve cartilage matrix stability of osteochondral explants during long-term culture over 84 days. Finally, we determined the optimal defect size that does not show spontaneous self-healing in this culture system. It was demonstrated that separated compartments for cartilage and bone in combination with tissue-specific medium allow for long-term culture of osteochondral explants while maintaining cartilage viability, atrix tissue content, structure and mechanical properties for at least 56 days. Furthermore, we could create critical size cartilage defects of different sizes in the model. The osteochondral model represents a valuable preclinical ex vivo tool for studying clinically relevant cartilage therapies, such as cartilage biomaterials, for their regenerative potential, for evaluation of drug and cell therapies, or to study mechanisms of cartilage regeneration. It will undoubtedly reduce the number of animals needed for in vivotesting.
KW  - ex vivo model
KW  - osteochondral biopsy
KW  - cartilage repair
KW  - critical size defect
KW  - replacement
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181665
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bröhl, Kathleen
T1  - „Lanfranks ‚Chirurgia parva‘ in der Abschrift Konrad Schrecks von Aschaffenburg“ als Quelle zur spätmittelalterlich-frühneuzeitlichen Traumatologie
T1  - "Lanfrank's 'Chirurgia parva' in the transcript by Konrad Schreck of Aschaffenburg" as a source on late medieval-early modern traumatology
N2  - Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, „Lanfranks ‚Chirurgia parva‘ in der Abschrift Konrad Schrecks von Aschaffenburg“1 anhand der von Ralf Vollmuth in seiner Habilitationsschrift „Traumatologie und Feldchirurgie an der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit“ erarbeiteten Strukturvorgabe inhaltlich zu erschließen. Durch die Aufarbeitung verschiedener chirurgischer Fachbücher und Manuale unter Verwendung einer gemeinsamen Strukturvorlage soll ermöglicht werden, medizinhistorische Quellen kritisch-kontrastiv zu vergleichen. Das bedeutet, dass die Quellen zuerst ediert und anschließend gegebenenfalls übersetzt werden müssen. Im nächsten Schritt werden die verwendeten Arzneimittel – pflanzlicher, tierischer, mineralischer Herkunft – identifiziert und bestimmt. Im Anschluss werden Monographien mit den bestimmenden Inhaltsstoffen und Eigenschaften
erstellt. Anhand dieser Pflanzen- und Arzneistoffmonographien, die im Sinne einer Datenbank aufeinander aufbauen, sollte es dann möglich sein, unter modernen pharmakologischen Gesichtspunkten die Wirksamkeit der verwendeten Arzneimittel zu erschließen.
Eine ausreichende Zahl von Quellen, die nach einer gemeinsamen Strukturvorlage bearbeitet wurden, kann es schließlich ermöglichen, zu beurteilen, welche der beschriebenen Anwendungen repräsentativ waren, welche Außenseiterstellung einnahmen oder nur theoretische Ansätze bildeten, die praktisch keine Verwendung fanden.
N2  - The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the content of "Lanfrank's 'Chirurgia parva' in the transcript by Konrad Schreck of Aschaffenburg " using the structural template developed by Ralf Vollmuth in his habilitation thesis "Traumatologie und Feldchirurgie an der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit". By analysing various surgical textbooks and manuals using a common structural template, it should be possible to compare medical-historical sources critically and contrastively. This means that the sources must first be edited and then, if necessary, translated. In the next step, the medicines used - of plant, animal and mineral origin - are identified and determined. Monographs with the determining ingredients and properties are then compiled. On the basis of these plant and drug monographs, which build on each other in the sense of a database, it should then be possible to determine the efficacy of the drugs used from a modern pharmacological point of view. A sufficient number of sources, which have been processed according to a common structural template, can ultimately make it possible to assess which of the applications described were representative, which were outsiders or which were only theoretical approaches that were not used in practice.
KW  - Konrad Schreck von Aschaffenburg
KW  - Lanfrancus, Mediolanensis
KW  - Traumatologie
KW  - Spätmittelalter
KW  - Schreck, Konrad
KW  - Lanfrank, von Mailand
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359227
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kellner [geb. Friedel], Theresa
T1  - Suizid durch Selbstverbrennung im Freien - Eine bildmorphologische Analyse der Intensität und Verteilung von Verbrennungen im Zusammenhang mit der Körperposition während des Brandgeschehens
T1  - Suicide by self-immolation in the open air - A photo-based analysis of the intensity and distribution of burns in relation to body position during the burn event
N2  - Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, etwaige Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Distribution und Intensität von Brandverletzungen bei suizidaler Selbstverbrennung im Freien in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Körperposition zum Auffindezeitpunkt anhand der Aktenlage herauszuarbeiten. Das Studienkollektiv umfasst 38 Fälle 
aus 9 deutschen rechtsmedizinischen Instituten, darunter 13 (34,2 %) weibliche und 25 
(65,8 %) männliche Suizidenten/-innen im Alter von 18 – 77 Jahren. Neben einer deskriptiven visuellen Analyse erfolgt die Auswertung der Verteilung der Verbrennungen mittels 
der Software BurnCase 3D, die es ermöglicht, eine Sortierung der einzelnen Körperbereiche nach deren durchschnittlicher Verbrennungsintensität innerhalb verschiedener
Cluster für die unterschiedlichen Auffindepositionen am Tatort (Rückenlage, Bauchlage, 
Seitenlage, Aufrecht, Sitzend) vorzunehmen.
Am ehesten auf das in aufrechter Haltung beginnende Brandgeschehen zurückzuführen ist eine clusterübergreifend auftretende, intensive und nach kranial an Intensität 
abnehmende Verbrennung des Halses sowie der lateralen und perioralen Kopfbereiche.
Geringe Verbrennungsfolgen weisen die distalen unteren Extremitäten sowie die Auflageflächen des Körpers auf dem Untergrund auf. Es zeigt sich eine Beeinflussung der lokalen Verbrennungstiefe durch ein hohes Fettgewebevorkommen. Ebenfalls clusterübergreifend können verstärkte Brandwirkungen an den Oberschenkelinnenseiten festgestellt 
werden. In Rücken- und Bauchlage liegt zudem eine höhere Verbrennungsintensität an 
den Flanken, den Arminnenseiten und im Unterbauchbereich vor. Bei in Seitenlage verbrannten Körpern ergeben sich Hinweise darauf, dass die nach oben gerichtete Körperseite vermehrt Verbrennungen aufweist. In aufrechter und sitzender Position konzentriert 
sich der Brandfokus überwiegend auf Torso, Hals und Kopf. Zusätzlich wurde eine Betrachtung des Entstehungsmusters kutaner Hitzerisse durchgeführt. Hier ergaben sich 
Übereinstimmungen u.a. mit dem Verlauf der Hautfaltlinien nach Pinkus. Ein Körperschema mit Abbildung der beobachteten Orientierungen der Risse wurde angefertigt.
Die wichtigsten Limitationen ergeben sich aus einer geringen Fallzahl, einer fotografischen Dokumentation, die nicht alle Körperbereiche in ausreichender Qualität und 
Detailliertheit abdeckt, sowie dem subjektiven Bias hinsichtlich der Bewertung der Verbrennungsintensitäten.
N2  - The aim of this dissertation is to identify any similarities and differences with regard to the distribution and intensity of burn injuries in suicidal self-immolation in the open air depending on the respective body position at the time of discovery on the basis of the records. The study collective comprises 38 cases from 9 German forensic medical institutes, including 13 (34.2 %) female and 25 (65.8 %) male suicides aged between 18 and 77 years. In addition to a descriptive visual analysis, the distribution of burns was evaluated using the BurnCase 3D software, which enables the individual body areas to be sorted according to their average burn intensity within different clusters for the different positions at the crime scene (supine, prone, lateral, upright, sitting). Burns to the neck and the lateral and perioral areas of the head are most likely to be due to the burns beginning in the upright position and occurring across all clusters. The distal lower extremities and the areas where the body rests on the ground show minor burn effects. The local burn depth is influenced by a high occurrence of fatty tissue. Increased burn effects on the inner thighs can also be observed across all clusters. In the supine and prone positions, there is also a higher intensity of burns on the flanks, inner sides of the arms and in the lower abdomen. In the case of bodies burned in the lateral position, there are indications that the upward-facing side of the body shows increased burns. In the upright and sitting position, the focus of the burn is predominantly on the torso, neck and head. In addition, the development pattern of cutaneous heat lacerations was examined. This revealed similarities with the course of the skin fold lines according to Pinkus, among others. A body diagram showing the observed orientations of the lacerations was drawn up. The most important limitations result from a small number of cases, photographic documentation that does not cover all areas of the body in sufficient quality and detail, and the subjective bias with regard to the assessment of burn intensities.
KW  - Selbstverbrennung
KW  - Hitzerisse
KW  - Suizid
KW  - Verbrennung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359193
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Landmesser, Patricia Sophia
T1  - Seroprävalenz von SARS-CoV-2 Antikörpern bei Medizinstudierenden im zweiten klinischen Semester von Juli 2020 bis Juni 2021
T1  - Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in medical students in the second clinical semester from July 2020 to June 2021
N2  - Im sechsten Semester des Medizinstudiums an der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg findet das verpflichtende Praktikum „Impfkurs“ statt. Im Rahmen dieses Kurses wurde vom Sommersemester 2020 bis zum Sommersemester 2021 ein standardisierter online Fragebogen erhoben, der unter anderem demographische Daten sowie Expositionsmöglichkeiten gegenüber SARS-CoV-2 im privaten, beruflichen und universitären Umfeld erfragte. Zusätzlich wurde im gleichen Zeitraum der SARS-CoV-2 Serostatus der Medizinstudierenden erhoben und ausgewertet und dieser mit den Daten des Fragebogens zusammengeführt. Dafür wurden Blutproben entnommen, welche im Labor des Instituts für Virologie der Universität Würzburg mittels Western Blot auf IgG/IgM/IgA Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2 untersucht wurden.
N2  - In the sixth semester of medical studies at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, the compulsory internship “vaccination course” takes place. As part of this course, a standardized online questionnaire was collected from the summer semester 2020 to the summer semester 2021, which, among other things, collected demographic data and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the private, professional and university environment. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 serostatus of the medical students was collected and evaluated during the same period and merged with the data from the questionnaire. For this purpose, blood samples were taken, which were tested for IgG/IgM/IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by Western blot.
KW  - SARS-CoV-2
KW  - Medizinstudent
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359246
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Adam, Pia Sophie
T1  - Expression von PD-L1 und FGFR1-4 beim anaplastischen und gering differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom - Evaluation als präklinische diagnostische Marker
T1  - FGF-Receptors and PD-L1 in Anaplastic and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Evaluation of the Preclinical Rationale
N2  - Background: Treatment options for poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinoma are unsatisfactory and prognosis is generally poor. Lenvatinib (LEN), a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1-4 is approved for advanced radioiodine refractory thyroid carcinoma, but response to single agent is poor in ATC. Recent reports of combining LEN with PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (PEM) are promising.

Materials and methods: Primary ATC (n=93) and PDTC (n=47) tissue samples diagnosed 1997-2019 at five German tertiary care centers were assessed for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry using Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). FGFR 1-4 mRNA was quantified in 31 ATC and 14 PDTC with RNAscope in-situ hybridization. Normal thyroid tissue (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) served as controls. Disease specific survival (DSS) was the primary outcome variable.

Results: PD-L1 TPS≥50% was observed in 42% of ATC and 26% of PDTC specimens. Mean PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in ATC (TPS 30%) than in PDTC (5%; p<0.01) and NT (0%, p<0.001). 53% of PDTC samples had PD-L1 expression ≤5%. FGFR mRNA expression was generally low in all samples but combined FGFR1-4 expression was significantly higher in PDTC and ATC compared to NT (each p<0.001). No impact of PD-L1 and FGFR 1-4 expression was observed on DSS.

Conclusion: High tumoral expression of PD-L1 in a large proportion of ATCs and a subgroup of PDTCs provides a rationale for immune checkpoint inhibition. FGFR expression is low thyroid tumor cells. The clinically observed synergism of PEM with LEN may be caused by immune modulation.
N2  - Hintergrund: Die therapeutischen Optionen für das gering differenzierte (PDTC) und anaplastische (ATC) Schilddrüsenkarzinom sind limitiert, weshalb diese Erkrankungen überwiegend mit einer schlechten Prognose einhergehen. Lenvatinib (LEN) ist ein Multityrosinkinase-Inhibitor, der unter anderem die Fibroblasten-Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptoren (FGFR) 1-4 inhibiert und zur Therapie des fortgeschrittenen radiojodrefraktären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms zugelassen ist. Es zeigt sich nur ein geringes Ansprechen auf die Monotherapie bei ATCs, wobei neuere Studien eine therapeutische Überlegenheit der Kombination aus LEN und dem PD-1-Inhibitor Pembrolizumab (PEM) beschreiben.

Material und Methoden: Die Expression von PD-L1 wurde in ATC (n=93)- und PDTC (n=47)-Primärtumorgewebe von 1997-2019 aus fünf deutschen (Universitäts-)Kliniken mittels Immunhistochemie analysiert und mit dem Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) quantifiziert. Der Nachweis von FGFR1-4-mRNA wurde bei 31 ATC- und 14 PDTC-Gewebeproben mittels RNAscope In-situ-Hybridisierung quantifiziert. Als Kontrollgruppe wurde normales Schilddrüsengewebe (NT) und Gewebe von papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinomen (PTC) verwendet. Der primäre Endpunkt war das krankheitsspezifische Überleben (DSS).

Ergebnisse: Eine PD-L1-Expression mit einem TPS ≥50% konnte in 42% der ATC- und in 26% der PDTC-Proben nachgewiesen werden. Die mediane PD-L1-Expression war in ATC-(TPS 30%) signifikant höher im Vergleich zu PDTC-Proben (5%; p<0,01) und NT (0%; p<0,001). 53% der PDTC-Proben zeigten eine PD-L1-Expression ≤5%. Die Expression von FGFR-mRNA war in allen Proben sehr gering, wobei die kombinierte FGFR1-4-Expression in PDTC- und ATC-Gewebe im Vergleich zu normalem Schilddrüsengewebe signifikant höher war (jeweils p<0,001). Es ergab sich keine Assoziation zwischen der PD-L1- und FGFR1-4-Expression mit dem krankheitsspezifischen Überleben.

Schlussfolgerung: Eine hohe PD-L1-Expression in einem großen Anteil der ATCs und einem Viertel der PDTCs, könnte auf eine Rationale zur Therapieentscheidung für Immuncheckpoint-Inhibioren hinweisen. Die FGFR-Expression war in allen Schilddrüsenkarzinomen sehr gering. Der klinisch beobachtete Synergismus von PEM und LEN könnte durch immunmodulatorische Effekte hervorgerufen werden.
KW  - Schilddrüsenkrebs
KW  - Immun-Checkpoint
KW  - FGFR
KW  - PD-L1
KW  - Immuncheckpointinhibitor
KW  - Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor
KW  - Anaplastisches Schilddrüsenkarzinom
KW  - Gering differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom
KW  - Protein-Tyrosin-Kinasen
KW  - Immuntherapie
KW  - Tyrosinkinase
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359391
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Yu, Yanying
T1  - Applied machine learning for the analysis of CRISPR-Cas systems
T1  - Angewandtes maschinelles Lernen für die Analyse von CRISPR-Cas-Systemen
N2  - Among the defense strategies developed in microbes over millions of years, the innate adaptive CRISPR-Cas immune systems have spread across most of bacteria and archaea. The flexibility, simplicity, and specificity of CRISPR-Cas systems have laid the foundation for CRISPR-based genetic tools. Yet, the efficient administration of CRISPR-based tools demands rational designs to maximize the on-target efficiency and off-target specificity. Specifically, the selection of guide RNAs (gRNAs), which play a crucial role in the target recognition of CRISPR-Cas systems, is non-trivial. Despite the fact that the emerging machine learning techniques provide a solution to aid in gRNA design with prediction algorithms, design rules for many CRISPR-Cas systems are ill-defined, hindering their broader applications. 
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), an alternative gene silencing technique using a catalytically dead Cas protein to interfere with transcription, is a leading technique in bacteria for functional  interrogation, pathway manipulation, and genome-wide screens. Although the application is promising, it also is hindered by under-investigated design rules. Therefore, in this work, I develop a state-of-art predictive machine learning model for guide silencing efficiency in bacteria leveraging the advantages of feature engineering, data integration, interpretable AI, and automated machine learning. I first systematically investigate the influential factors that attribute to the extent of depletion in multiple CRISPRi genome-wide essentiality screens in Escherichia coli and demonstrate the surprising dominant contribution of gene-specific effects, such as gene expression level. These observations allowed me to segregate the confounding gene-specific effects using a mixed-effect random forest (MERF) model to provide a better estimate of guide efficiency, together with the improvement led by integrating multiple screens. The MERF model outperformed existing tools in an independent high-throughput saturating screen. I next interpret the predictive model to extract the design rules for robust gene silencing, such as the preference for cytosine and disfavoring for guanine and thymine within and around the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. I further incorporated the MERF model in a web-based tool that is freely accessible at www.ciao.helmholtz-hiri.de.
 When comparing the MERF model with existing tools, the performance of the alternative gRNA design tool optimized for CRISPRi in eukaryotes when applied to bacteria was far from satisfying, questioning the robustness of prediction algorithms across organisms. In addition, the CRISPR-Cas systems exhibit diverse mechanisms albeit with some similarities. The captured predictive patterns from one dataset thereby are at risk of poor generalization when applied across organisms and CRISPR-Cas techniques. To fill the gap, the machine learning approach I present here for CRISPRi could serve as a blueprint for the effective development of prediction algorithms for specific organisms or CRISPR-Cas systems of interest. The explicit workflow includes three principle steps: 1) accommodating the feature set for the CRISPR-Cas system or technique; 2) optimizing a machine learning model using automated machine learning; 3) explaining the model using interpretable AI. To illustrate the applicability of the workflow and diversity of results when applied across different bacteria and CRISPR-Cas systems, I have applied this workflow to analyze three distinct CRISPR-Cas genome-wide screens. From the CRISPR base editor essentiality screen in E. coli, I have determined the PAM preference and sequence context in the editing window for efficient editing, such as A at the 2nd position of PAM, A/TT/TG downstream of PAM, and TC at the 4th to 5th position of gRNAs. From the CRISPR-Cas13a screen in E. coli, in addition to the strong correlation with the guide depletion, the target expression level is the strongest predictor in the model, supporting it as a main determinant of the activation of Cas13-induced immunity and better characterizing the CRISPR-Cas13 system. From the CRISPR-Cas12a screen in Klebsiella pneumoniae, I have extracted the design rules for robust antimicrobial activity across K. pneumoniae strains and provided a predictive algorithm for gRNA design, facilitating CRISPR-Cas12a as an alternative technique to tackle antibiotic resistance. 
Overall, this thesis presents an accurate prediction algorithm for CRISPRi guide efficiency in bacteria, providing insights into the determinants of efficient silencing and guide designs. The systematic exploration has led to a robust machine learning approach for effective model development in other bacteria and CRISPR-Cas systems. Applying the approach in the analysis of independent CRISPR-Cas screens not only sheds light on the design rules but also the mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas systems. Together, I demonstrate that applied machine learning paves the way to a deeper understanding and a broader application of CRISPR-Cas systems.
N2  - Unter den Verteidigungsstrategien, welche sich über Millionen von Jahren in Mikroben entwickelt haben, hat sich das angeborene adaptive CRISPR-Cas Immunsystem in vielen Bakterien und den meisten Archaeen verbreitet. Flexibilität, Einfachheit und Spezifizität von CRISPR-Cas Systemen bilden die Grundlage für CRISPR-basierten genetischen Werkzeugen. Dennoch verlangt die effiziente Anwendung CRISPR-basierter genetischer Werkzeuge ein rationales Design, um die Effektivität zu maximieren und Spezifizität zu gewährleisten. Speziell die Auswahl an Leit-RNAs, oder auch „guide“ RNAs (gRNAs), welche eine essentielle Rolle in der Ziel-Erkennung des CRISPR-Cas Systems spielen, ist nicht trivial. Trotz aufkommender Techniken des maschinellen Lernens, die mit Hilfe von Vorhersage-Algorithmen eine Unterstützung im gRNA-Design darstellen, sind die Design-Regeln für viele CRISPR-Cas Systeme schlecht definiert und die breite Anwendung dadurch bisher gehindert. 
CRISPR Interferenz (CRISPRi), eine Methode der Genrepression, nutzt ein katalytisch inaktives Cas-Protein, um die Gen-Transkription zu verhindern und ist eine führende Technik für Gen-Funktionsstudien, der Manipulation von Stoffwechselwegen und genomweiter Screens in Bakterien. Auch wenn viele der Anwendungen vielversprechend sind, ist die Umsetzung aufgrund der wenig untersuchten Design-Regeln schwierig. Daher entwickele ich in dieser Arbeit ein hochmodernes auf maschinellem Lernen basierendes Modell für die Vorhersage der gRNA Genrepressions-Effizienz in Bakterien, wobei die Merkmalskonstruktion, Datenintegration, interpretierbare künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und automatisiertes maschinelles Lernen genutzt wurden. Zuerst untersuche ich systematisch die Einflussfaktoren, welche zum Ausmaß der Depletion in genomweiten CRISPRi-Screens zur Gen-Essentialität in Escherichia coli beitragen und demonstriere den überraschend dominanten Beitrag genspezifischer Effekte, wie z. B. dem Genexpressionslevel. Diese Beobachtungen erlaubten mir die genspezifischen Störvariablen mit einem sogenannten mixed-effect random forest (MERF) Modell zu segregieren, um eine bessere Einschätzung der gRNA Effizienz zu erreichen und durch die Integration zusätzlicher Screen-Daten noch weiter zu verbessern. Das MERF Modell übertraf dabei bereits existierende Werkzeuge in einem unabhängigen Hochdurchsatz Sättigungs-Screen. Als nächstes interpretiere ich die Modell Vorhersage, um Design-Regeln für eine solide Genrepression zu extrahieren, wie z. B. eine Präferenz für Cytosin und eine Abneigung gegenüber Guanin und Thymin innerhalb und der „protospacer adjacent motif“ (PAM) direkt umgebenden Sequenz. Weiterhin integrierte ich das MERF Modell in einem Web-basierten Werkzeug, welches unter www.ciao.helmholtz-hiri.de frei zugänglich ist.
 	Ein Vergleich von existierenden Werkzeugen mit dem MERF Modell zeigt, dass alternative, für CRISPRi in Eukaryoten optimierte, gRNA Design-Werkzeuge schlecht abschneiden, sobald sie in Bakterien angewandt werden. Dies lässt Zweifel an einer robusten Übertragbarkeit dieser Vorhersage-Algorithmen zwischen verschiedenen Organismen. Zusätzlich haben CRISPR-Cas Systeme, trotz einiger genereller Gemeinsamkeiten, höchst diverse Wirkungsmechanismen. Die Vorhersagemuster eines Datensets sind daher schlecht generalisierbar, sobald sie auf andere Organismen oder CRISPR-Cas Techniken angewandt werden. Diese Lücke kann mit dem hier präsentierten Ansatz des maschinellen Lernens für CRISPRi geschlossen werden und als eine Vorlage für die Entwicklung effektiver Vorhersage-Algorithmen für spezifische Organismen oder CRISPR-Cas Systeme dienen. Der explizite Arbeitsablauf beinhaltet drei Hauptschritte: 1) Aufnehmen des Merkmalsets des jeweiligen CRISPR-Cas Systems bzw. der CRISPR-Cas Technik; 2) Optimierung des maschinellen Lernen Modells durch automatisiertes maschinelles Lernen; 3) Erklärung des Modells mit interpretierbarer KI. Um die Anwendbarkeit des Arbeitsablaufs und die Diversität der Ergebnisse, im Zusammenhang mit unterschiedlichen Organismen und CRISPR-Cas Systemen, zu demonstrieren, habe ich diese Arbeitsschritte zur Analyse drei unterschiedlicher genomweiter Screens angewandt. Von dem CRISPR „base editor“ Essentialitäts-Screen in E. coli, konnten die PAM Präferenzen und der Sequenzkontext innerhalb des Editierungsfensters für eine effiziente Editierung abgeleitet werden.  Beispielsweise tragen ein A an der zweiten PAM Position, ein A/TT/TG an der PAM direkt nachgeschalten Position und ein TC an der vierten oder fünften gRNA Position zur effizienten Editierung bei. Im CRISPR-Cas13a Screen in E. coli, stellten wir eine starke Korrelation zwischen dem Genexpressionslevel und der gRNA-Depletion fest. Zusätzlich ist das Expressionslevel des Ziel-Gens der stärkste Vorhersagefaktor des Modells, was das Expressionslevel als Hauptdeterminante für die Cas13-induzierte Immunität hervorhebt und die bessere Charakterisierung von CRISPR-Cas13 Systemen ermöglicht. Aus dem CRISPR-Cas12a Screen in Klebsiella pneumoniae, habe ich gRNA Design Regeln für die robuste antimikrobielle Aktivität über unterschiedliche K. pneumoniae Stämme hinweg extrahiert und einen Vorhersage-Algorithmus für das gRNA Design bereitgestellt. Dies ermöglicht die Nutzung von Cas12a als eine alternative Lösung, um Antibiotikaresistenzen zu bekämpfen.
Zusammengefasst präsentiert diese Thesis einen akkuraten Vorhersage-Algorithmus für die CRISPRi gRNA Effizienz in Bakterien und gibt Einblicke in die Determinanten für eine effiziente Genrepression und optimales gRNA Design. Die systematische Exploration führte zu einem robusten Ansatz des maschinellen Lernens für effektive Modell Entwicklungen in unterschiedlichen bakteriellen Spezies und CRISPR-Cas Systemen. Durch die Anwendung dieses Ansatzes auf unabhängige CRISPR-Cas Screens, konnte ich nicht nur wichtige Design Regeln ableiten, sondern auch die Mechanismen der jeweiligen CRISPR-Cas Systeme besser erleuchten. Zu guter Letzt demonstriere ich hier, dass angewandtes maschinelles Lernen den Weg zu einem tieferen Verständnis und einer breiteren Anwendung von CRISPR-Cas Systemen ebnen kann.
KW  - Maschinelles Lernen
KW  - CRISPR/Cas-Methode
KW  - Bakterien
KW  - machine learning
KW  - CRISPR-Cas
KW  - guide effiiciency
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320219
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belic, Stanislav
A1  - Page, Lukas
A1  - Lazariotou, Maria
A1  - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria
A1  - Dragan, Mariola
A1  - Springer, Jan
A1  - Loeffler, Juergen
A1  - Morton, Charles Oliver
A1  - Einsele, Hermann
A1  - Ullmann, Andrew J.
A1  - Wurster, Sebastian
T1  - Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Alveolar Epithelial Barrier Invasion in a Transwell® Bilayer Model of Mucormycosis
JF  - Frontiers in Microbiology
N2  - Understanding the mechanisms of early invasion and epithelial defense in opportunistic mold infections is crucial for the evaluation of diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. Recent studies revealed unique characteristics of the immunopathology of mucormycoses. We therefore adapted an alveolar Transwell® A549/HPAEC bilayer model for the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity and cytokine response to Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Hyphal penetration of the alveolar barrier was validated by 18S ribosomal DNA detection in the endothelial compartment. Addition of dendritic cells (moDCs) to the alveolar compartment led to reduced fungal invasion and strongly enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response, whereas epithelial CCL2 and CCL5 release was reduced. Despite their phenotypic heterogeneity, the studied Mucorales species elicited the release of similar cytokine patterns by epithelial and dendritic cells. There were significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in the alveolar compartment and epithelial barrier permeability for dextran blue of different molecular weights in Mucorales-infected samples compared to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Addition of monocyte-derived dendritic cells further aggravated LDH release and epithelial barrier permeability, highlighting the influence of the inflammatory response in mucormycosis-associated tissue damage. An important focus of this study was the evaluation of the reproducibility of readout parameters in independent experimental runs. Our results revealed consistently low coefficients of variation for cytokine concentrations and transcriptional levels of cytokine genes and cell integrity markers. As additional means of model validation, we confirmed that our bilayer model captures key principles of Mucorales biology such as accelerated growth in a hyperglycemic or ketoacidotic environment or reduced epithelial barrier invasion upon epithelial growth factor receptor blockade by gefitinib. Our findings indicate that the Transwell® bilayer model provides a reliable and reproducible tool for assessing host response in mucormycosis.
KW  - mucormycosis
KW  - alveolar epithelium
KW  - in vitro model
KW  - cytokines
KW  - dendritic cells
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252477
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balasubramanian, Srikkanth
A1  - Skaf, Joseph
A1  - Holzgrabe, Ulrike
A1  - Bharti, Richa
A1  - Förstner, Konrad U.
A1  - Ziebuhr, Wilma
A1  - Humeida, Ute H.
A1  - Abdelmohsen, Usama R.
A1  - Oelschlaeger, Tobias A.
T1  - A new bioactive compound from the marine sponge-derived Streptomyces sp. SBT348 inhibits staphylococcal growth and biofilm formation
JF  - Frontiers in Microbiology
N2  - Staphylococcus epidermidis, the common inhabitant of human skin and mucosal surfaces has emerged as an important pathogen in patients carrying surgical implants and medical devices. Entering the body via surgical sites and colonizing the medical devices through formation of multi-layered biofilms leads to refractory and persistent device-related infections (DRIs). Staphylococci organized in biofilms are more tolerant to antibiotics and immune responses, and thus are difficult-to-treat. The consequent morbidity and mortality, and economic losses in health care systems has strongly necessitated the need for development of new anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm-based therapeutics. In this study, we describe the biological activity of a marine sponge-derived Streptomyces sp. SBT348 extract in restraining staphylococcal growth and biofilm formation on polystyrene, glass, medically relevant titan metal, and silicone surfaces. A bioassay-guided fractionation was performed to isolate the active compound (SKC3) from the crude SBT348 extract. Our results demonstrated that SKC3 effectively inhibits the growth (MIC: 31.25 \(\mu\)g/ml) and biofilm formation (sub-MIC range: 1.95-<31.25 \(\mu\)g/ml) of S. epidermidis RP62A in vitro. Chemical characterization of SKC3 by heat and enzyme treatments, and mass spectrometry (HRMS) revealed its heat-stable and non-proteinaceous nature, and high molecular weight (1258.3 Da). Cytotoxicity profiling of SKC3 in vitro on mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and macrophage (J774.1) cell lines, and in vivo on the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella revealed its non-toxic nature at the effective dose. Transcriptome analysis of SKC3 treated S. epidermidis RP62A has further unmasked its negative effect on central metabolism such as carbon flux as well as, amino acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential of SKC3 as a putative drug to prevent staphylococcal DRIs.
KW  - marine sponges
KW  - Streptomyces
KW  - Staphylococci
KW  - device-related infections
KW  - bioassay-guided fractionation
KW  - transcriptome
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221408
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Joos, J. P.
A1  - Saadatmand, A. R.
A1  - Schnabel, C.
A1  - Viktorinová, I.
A1  - Brand, T.
A1  - Kramer, M.
A1  - Nattel, S.
A1  - Dobrev, D.
A1  - Tomancak, P.
A1  - Backs, J.
A1  - Kleinbongard, P.
A1  - Heusch, G.
A1  - Lorenz, K.
A1  - Koch, E.
A1  - Weber, S.
A1  - El-Armouche, A.
T1  - Ectopic expression of S28A-mutated Histone H3 modulates longevity, stress resistance and cardiac function in Drosophila
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Histone H3 serine 28 (H3S28) phosphorylation and de-repression of polycomb repressive complex (PRC)-mediated gene regulation is linked to stress conditions in mitotic and post-mitotic cells. To better understand the role of H3S28 phosphorylation in vivo, we studied a Drosophila strain with ectopic expression of constitutively-activated H3S28A, which prevents PRC2 binding at H3S28, thus mimicking H3S28 phosphorylation. H3S28A mutants showed prolonged life span and improved resistance against starvation and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Morphological and functional analysis of heart tubes revealed smaller luminal areas and thicker walls accompanied by moderately improved cardiac function after acute stress induction. Whole-exome deep gene-sequencing from isolated heart tubes revealed phenotype-corresponding changes in longevity-promoting and myotropic genes. We also found changes in genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Analysis of mitochondrial respiration from whole flies revealed improved efficacy of ATP production with reduced electron transport-chain activity. Finally, we analyzed posttranslational modification of H3S28 in an experimental heart failure model and observed increased H3S28 phosphorylation levels in HF hearts. Our data establish a critical role of H3S28 phosphorylation in vivo for life span, stress resistance, cardiac and mitochondrial function in Drosophila. These findings may pave the way for H3S28 phosphorylation as a putative target to treat stress-related disorders such as heart failure.
KW  - cardiac hypertrophy
KW  - epigenetics
KW  - heart failure
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323637
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Knop, Janin
A1  - Spilgies, Lisanne M.
A1  - Rufli, Stefanie
A1  - Reinhart, Ramona
A1  - Vasilikos, Lazaros
A1  - Yabal, Monica
A1  - Owsley, Erika
A1  - Jost, Philipp J.
A1  - Marsh, Rebecca A.
A1  - Wajant, Harald
A1  - Robinson, Mark D.
A1  - Kaufmann, Thomas
A1  - W. Wei-Lynn, Wong
T1  - TNFR2 induced priming of the inflammasome leads to a RIPK1-dependent cell death in the absence of XIAP
JF  - Cell Death & Disease
N2  - The pediatric immune deficiency X-linked proliferative disease-2 (XLP-2) is a unique disease, with patients presenting with either hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or intestinal bowel disease (IBD). Interestingly, XLP-2 patients display high levels of IL-18 in the serum even while in stable condition, presumably through spontaneous inflammasome activation. Recent data suggests that LPS stimulation can trigger inflammasome activation through a TNFR2/TNF/TNFR1 mediated loop in xiap−/− macrophages. Yet, the direct role TNFR2-specific activation plays in the absence of XIAP is unknown. We found TNFR2-specific activation leads to cell death in xiap−/− myeloid cells, particularly in the absence of the RING domain. RIPK1 kinase activity downstream of TNFR2 resulted in a TNF/TNFR1 cell death, independent of necroptosis. TNFR2-specific activation leads to a similar inflammatory NF-kB driven transcriptional profile as TNFR1 activation with the exception of upregulation of NLRP3 and caspase-11. Activation and upregulation of the canonical inflammasome upon loss of XIAP was mediated by RIPK1 kinase activity and ROS production. While both the inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity and ROS production reduced cell death, as well as release of IL-1β, the release of IL-18 was not reduced to basal levels. This study supports targeting TNFR2 specifically to reduce IL-18 release in XLP-2 patients and to reduce priming of the inflammasome components.
KW  - cell death and immune response
KW  - inflammation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325946
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kraus, Amelie J.
A1  - Brink, Benedikt G.
A1  - Siegel, T. Nicolai
T1  - Efficient and specific oligo-based depletion of rRNA
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - In most organisms, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contributes to >85% of total RNA. Thus, to obtain useful information from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses at reasonable sequencing depth, typically, mature polyadenylated transcripts are enriched or rRNA molecules are depleted. Targeted depletion of rRNA is particularly useful when studying transcripts lacking a poly(A) tail, such as some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), most bacterial RNAs and partially degraded or immature transcripts. While several commercially available kits allow effective rRNA depletion, their efficiency relies on a high degree of sequence homology between oligonucleotide probes and the target RNA. This restricts the use of such kits to a limited number of organisms with conserved rRNA sequences. In this study we describe the use of biotinylated oligos and streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads for the efficient and specific depletion of trypanosomal rRNA. Our approach reduces the levels of the most abundant rRNA transcripts to less than 5% with minimal off-target effects. By adjusting the sequence of the oligonucleotide probes, our approach can be used to deplete rRNAs or other abundant transcripts independent of species. Thus, our protocol provides a useful alternative for rRNA removal where enrichment of polyadenylated transcripts is not an option and commercial kits for rRNA are not available.
KW  - parasite biology
KW  - RNA sequencing
KW  - transcriptomics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224829
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotz, Frederik
A1  - Risch, Patrick
A1  - Arnold, Karl
A1  - Sevim, Semih
A1  - Puigmartí-Luis, Josep
A1  - Quick, Alexander
A1  - Thiel, Michael
A1  - Hrynevich, Andrei
A1  - Dalton, Paul D.
A1  - Helmer, Dorothea
A1  - Rapp, Bastian E.
T1  - Fabrication of arbitrary three-dimensional suspended hollow microstructures in transparent fused silica glass
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Fused silica glass is the preferred material for applications which require long-term chemical and mechanical stability as well as excellent optical properties. The manufacturing of complex hollow microstructures within transparent fused silica glass is of particular interest for, among others, the miniaturization of chemical synthesis towards more versatile, configurable and environmentally friendly flow-through chemistry as well as high-quality optical waveguides or capillaries. However, microstructuring of such complex three-dimensional structures in glass has proven evasive due to its high thermal and chemical stability as well as mechanical hardness. Here we present an approach for the generation of hollow microstructures in fused silica glass with high precision and freedom of three-dimensional designs. The process combines the concept of sacrificial template replication with a room-temperature molding process for fused silica glass. The fabricated glass chips are versatile tools for, among other, the advance of miniaturization in chemical synthesis on chip.
KW  - chemical engineering
KW  - fluidics
KW  - materials for optics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224787
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hommers, L. G.
A1  - Richter, J.
A1  - Yang, Y.
A1  - Raab, A.
A1  - Baumann, C.
A1  - Lang, K.
A1  - Schiele, M. A.
A1  - Weber, H.
A1  - Wittmann, A.
A1  - Wolf, C.
A1  - Alpers, G. W.
A1  - Arolt, V.
A1  - Domschke, K.
A1  - Fehm, L.
A1  - Fydrich, T.
A1  - Gerlach, A.
A1  - Gloster, A. T.
A1  - Hamm, A. O.
A1  - Helbig-Lang, S.
A1  - Kircher, T.
A1  - Lang, T.
A1  - Pané-Farré, C. A.
A1  - Pauli, P.
A1  - Pfleiderer, B.
A1  - Reif, A.
A1  - Romanos, M.
A1  - Straube, B.
A1  - Ströhle, A.
A1  - Wittchen, H.-U.
A1  - Frantz, S.
A1  - Ertl, G.
A1  - Lohse, M. J.
A1  - Lueken, U.
A1  - Deckert, J.
T1  - A functional genetic variation of SLC6A2 repressor hsa-miR-579-3p upregulates sympathetic noradrenergic processes of fear and anxiety
JF  - Translational Psychiatry
N2  - Increased sympathetic noradrenergic signaling is crucially involved in fear and anxiety as defensive states. MicroRNAs regulate dynamic gene expression during synaptic plasticity and genetic variation of microRNAs modulating noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2) expression may thus lead to altered central and peripheral processing of fear and anxiety. In silico prediction of microRNA regulation of SLC6A2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and identified hsa-miR-579-3p as a regulating microRNA. The minor (T)-allele of rs2910931 (MAFcases = 0.431, MAFcontrols = 0.368) upstream of MIR579 was associated with panic disorder in patients (pallelic = 0.004, ncases = 506, ncontrols = 506) and with higher trait anxiety in healthy individuals (pASI = 0.029, pACQ = 0.047, n = 3112). Compared to the major (A)-allele, increased promoter activity was observed in luciferase reporter assays in vitro suggesting more effective MIR579 expression and SLC6A2 repression in vivo (p = 0.041). Healthy individuals carrying at least one (T)-allele showed a brain activation pattern suggesting increased defensive responding and sympathetic noradrenergic activation in midbrain and limbic areas during the extinction of conditioned fear. Panic disorder patients carrying two (T)-alleles showed elevated heart rates in an anxiety-provoking behavioral avoidance test (F(2, 270) = 5.47, p = 0.005). Fine-tuning of noradrenaline homeostasis by a MIR579 genetic variation modulated central and peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic activation during fear processing and anxiety. This study opens new perspectives on the role of microRNAs in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, particularly their cardiovascular symptoms and comorbidities.
KW  - clinical genetics
KW  - psychiatric disorders
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322497
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bury, Susanne
A1  - Soundararajan, Manonmani
A1  - Bharti, Richa
A1  - von Bünau, Rudolf
A1  - Förstner, Konrad U.
A1  - Oelschlaeger, Tobias A.
T1  - The probiotic escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 combats lambdoid bacteriophages stx and lambda
JF  - Frontiers in Microbiology
N2  - Shiga toxin (Stx) producing E. coli (STEC) such as Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are the major cause of foodborne illness in humans. In vitro studies showed the probiotic Escherichia coil strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) to efficiently inhibit the production of Stx. Life threatening EHEC strains as for example the serotype 0104:H4, responsible for the great outbreak in 2011 in Germany, evolutionary developed from certain E. coll strains which got infected by stx2-encoding lambdoid phages turning the E. coil into lysogenic and subsequently Stx producing strains. Since antibiotics induce stx genes and Stx production, EHEC infected persons are not recommended to be treated with antibiotics. Therefore, EcN might be an alternative medication. However, because even commensal E. coli strains might be converted into Stx-producers after becoming host to a stx encoding prophage, we tested EcN for stx-phage genome integration. Our experiments revealed the resistance of EcN toward not only stx-phages but also against lambda-phages. This resistance was not based on the lack of or by mutated phage receptors. Rather it involved the expression of a phage repressor (pr) gene of a defective prophage in EcN which was able to partially protect E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 against stx and lambda phage infection. Furthermore, we observed EcN to inactivate phages and thereby to protect E. coli K-12 strains against infection by stx- as well as lambda-phages. Inactivation of lambda-phages was due to binding of lambda-phages to LamB of EcN whereas inactivation of stx-phages was caused by a thermostable protein of EcN. These properties together with its ability to inhibit Stx production make EcN a good candidate for the prevention of illness caused by EHEC and probably for the treatment of already infected people.
KW  - probiotic
KW  - E. coli Nissle 1917
KW  - EHEC
KW  - Shiga toxin producing E. coli
KW  - stx-phages
KW  - lambda-phages
KW  - lambdoid prophage
KW  - LamB
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221960
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breitinger, Ulrike
A1  - Bahnassawy, Lamiaa M.
A1  - Janzen, Dieter
A1  - Römer, Vera
A1  - Becker, Cord-Michael
A1  - Villmann, Carmen
A1  - Breitinger, Hans-Georg
T1  - PKA and PKC modulators affect ion channel function and internalization of recombinant alpha1 and alpha1-beta glycine receptors
JF  - Frontiers in Molecular Neurosience
N2  - Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are important mediators of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Their function is controlled by multiple cellular mechanisms, including intracellular regulatory processes. Modulation of GlyR function by protein kinases has been reported for many cell types, involving different techniques, and often yielding contradictory results. Here, we studied the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) on glycine induced currents in HEK293 cells expressing human homomeric \(\alpha\)1 and heteromeric \(\alpha\)1-\(\beta\) GlyRs using whole-cell patch clamp techniques as well as internalization assays. In whole-cell patch-clamp measurements, modulators were applied in the intracellular buffer at concentrations between 0.1 \(\mu\)M and 0.5 \(\mu\)M. EC50 of glycine increased upon application of the protein kinase activators Forskolin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) but decreased in the presence of the PKC inhibitor Staurosporine aglycon and the PKA inhibitor H-89. Desensitization of recombinant \(\alpha\)1 receptors was significantly increased in the presence of Forskolin. Staurosporine aglycon, on the other hand decreased desensitization of heteromeric \(\alpha\)1-\(\beta\) GlyRs. The time course of receptor activation was determined for homomeric \(\alpha\)1 receptors and revealed two simultaneous effects: cells showed a decrease of EC50 after 3-6 min of establishing whole-cell configuration. This effect was independent of protein kinase modulators. All modulators of PKA and PKC, however, produced an additional shift of EC50, which overlay and eventually exceeded the cells intrinsic variation of EC50. The effect of kinase activators was abolished if the corresponding inhibitors were co-applied, consistent with PKA and PKC directly mediating the modulation of GlyR function. Direct effects of PKA-and PKC-modulators on receptor expression on transfected HEK cells were monitored within 15 min of drug application, showing a significant increase of receptor internalization with PKA and PKC activators, while the corresponding inhibitors had no significant effect on receptor surface expression or internalization. Our results confirm the observation that phosphorylation via PKA and PKC has a direct effect on the GlyR ion channel complex and plays an important role in the fine-tuning of glycinergic signaling.
KW  - glycine receptor
KW  - PKA
KW  - PKC
KW  - activators/inhibitors of phosphorylation
KW  - whole-cell currents
KW  - modulation kinetics
KW  - receptor internalization
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220401
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bohmann, Ferdinand O.
A1  - Kurka, Natalia
A1  - du Mesnil de Rochemont, Richard
A1  - Gruber, Katharina
A1  - Guenther, Joachim
A1  - Rostek, Peter
A1  - Rai, Heike
A1  - Zickler, Philipp
A1  - Ertl, Michael
A1  - Berlis, Ansgar
A1  - Poli, Sven
A1  - Mengel, Annerose
A1  - Ringleb, Peter
A1  - Nagel, Simon
A1  - Pfaff, Johannes
A1  - Wollenweber, Frank A.
A1  - Kellert, Lars
A1  - Herzberg, Moriz
A1  - Koehler, Luzie
A1  - Haeusler, Karl Georg
A1  - Alegiani, Anna
A1  - Schubert, Charlotte
A1  - Brekenfeld, Caspar
A1  - Doppler, Christopher E. J.
A1  - Onur, Oezguer A.
A1  - Kabbasch, Christoph
A1  - Manser, Tanja
A1  - Pfeilschifter, Waltraud
T1  - Simulation-based training of the rapid evaluation and management of acute stroke (STREAM) — a prospective single-arm multicenter trial
JF  - Frontiers in Neurology
N2  - Introduction: Acute stroke care delivered by interdisciplinary teams is time-sensitive. Simulation-based team training is a promising tool to improve team performance in medical operations. It has the potential to improve process times, team communication, patient safety, and staff satisfaction. We aim to assess whether a multi-level approach consisting of a stringent workflow revision based on peer-to-peer review and 2–3 one-day in situ simulation trainings can improve acute stroke care processing times in high volume neurocenters within a 6 months period.

Methods and Analysis: The trial is being carried out in a pre-test-post-test design at 7 tertiary care university hospital neurocenters in Germany. The intervention is directed at the interdisciplinary multiprofessional stroke teams. Before and after the intervention, process times of all direct-to-center stroke patients receiving IV thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular therapy (EVT) will be recorded. The primary outcome measure will be the “door-to-needle” time of all consecutive stroke patients directly admitted to the neurocenters who receive IVT. Secondary outcome measures will be intervention-related process times of the fraction of patients undergoing EVT and effects on team communication, perceived patient safety, and staff satisfaction via a staff questionnaire.

Interventions: We are applying a multi-level intervention in cooperation with three “STREAM multipliers” from each center. First step is a central meeting of the multipliers at the sponsor's institution with the purposes of algorithm review in a peer-to-peer process that is recorded in a protocol and an introduction to the principles of simulation training and debriefing as well as crew resource management and team communication. Thereafter, the multipliers cooperate with the stroke team trainers from the sponsor's institution to plan and execute 2–3 one-day simulation courses in situ in the emergency department and CT room of the trial centers whereupon they receive teaching materials to perpetuate the trainings.

Clinical Trial Registration: STREAM is a registered trial at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03228251.
KW  - CRM
KW  - thrombolysis (tPA)
KW  - stroke
KW  - emergency care
KW  - simulation training
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-369239
SN  - 1664-2295
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bolzoni, Francesco
A1  - Esposti, Roberto
A1  - Marchese, Silvia M.
A1  - Pozzi, Nicoló G.
A1  - Ramirez-Pasos, Uri E.
A1  - Isaias, Ioannis U.
A1  - Cavallari, Paolo
T1  - Disrupt of intra-limb APA pattern in parkinsonian patients performing index-finger flexion
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Voluntary movements induce postural perturbations which are counteracted by anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). These actions are known to build up long fixation chains toward available support points (inter-limb APAs), so as to grant whole body equilibrium. Moreover, recent studies highlighted that APAs also build-up short fixation chains, within the same limb where a distal segment is moved (intra-limb APAs), aimed at stabilizing the proximal segments. The neural structures generating intra-limb APAs still need investigations; the present study aims to compare focal movement kinematics and intra-limb APA latencies and pattern between healthy subjects and parkinsonian patients, assuming the latter as a model of basal ganglia dysfunction. Intra-limb APAs that stabilize the arm when the index-finger is briskly flexed were recorded in 13 parkinsonian patients and in 10 age-matched healthy subjects. Index-finger movement was smaller in parkinsonian patients vs. healthy subjects (p = 0.01) and more delayed with respect to the onset of the prime mover flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS, p < 0.0001). In agreement with the literature, in all healthy subjects the FDS activation was preceded by an inhibitory intra-limb APA in biceps brachii (BB) and anterior deltoid (AD), and almost simultaneous to an excitatory intra-limb APA in triceps brachii (TB). In parkinsonian patients, no significant differences were found for TB and AD intra-limb APA timings, however only four patients showed an inhibitory intra-limb APA in BB, while other four did not show any BB intra-limb APAs and five actually developed a BB excitation. The frequency of occurrence of normal sign, lacking, and inverted BB APAs was different in healthy vs. parkinsonian participants (p = 0.0016). The observed alterations in index-finger kinematics and intra-limb APA pattern in parkinsonian patients suggest that basal ganglia, in addition to shaping the focal movement, may also contribute to intra-limb APA control.
KW  - intra-limb anticipatory postural adjustments
KW  - Parkinson disease
KW  - basal ganglia
KW  - motor control
KW  - human
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-369245
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kessler, Almuth F.
A1  - Frömbling, Greta E.
A1  - Gross, Franziska
A1  - Hahn, Mirja
A1  - Dzokou, Wilfrid
A1  - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo
A1  - Löhr, Mario
A1  - Hagemann, Carsten
T1  - Effects of tumor treating fields (TTFields) on glioblastoma cells are augmented by mitotic checkpoint inhibition
JF  - Cell Death Discovery
N2  - Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are approved for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. TTFields disrupt cell division by inhibiting spindle fiber formation. Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibition combined with antimitotic drugs synergistically decreases glioma cell growth in cell culture and mice. We hypothesized that SAC inhibition will increase TTFields efficacy. Human GBM cells (U-87 MG, GaMG) were treated with TTFields (200 kHz, 1.7 V/cm) and/or the SAC inhibitor MPS1-IN-3 (IN-3, 4 µM). Cells were counted after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment and at 24 and 72 h after end of treatment (EOT). Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, Annexin-V staining and TUNEL assay were used to detect alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis after 72 h of treatment. The TTFields/IN-3 combination decreased cell proliferation after 72 h compared to either treatment alone (−78.6% vs. TTFields, P = 0.0337; −52.6% vs. IN-3, P = 0.0205), and reduced the number of viable cells (62% less than seeded). There was a significant cell cycle shift from G1 to G2/M phase (P < 0.0001). The apoptotic rate increased to 44% (TTFields 14%, P = 0.0002; IN-3 4%, P < 0.0001). Cell growth recovered 24 h after EOT with TTFields and IN-3 alone, but the combination led to further decrease by 92% at 72 h EOT if IN-3 treatment was continued (P = 0.0288). The combination of TTFields and SAC inhibition led to earlier and prolonged effects that significantly augmented the efficacy of TTFields and highlights a potential new targeted multimodal treatment for GBM.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325744
VL  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kästner, Niklas
A1  - Richter, S. Helene
A1  - Urbanik, Sarah
A1  - Kunert, Joachim
A1  - Waider, Jonas
A1  - Lesch, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Kaiser, Sylvia
A1  - Sachser, Norbert
T1  - Brain serotonin deficiency affects female aggression
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - The neurotransmitter serotonin plays a key role in the control of aggressive behaviour. While so far most studies have investigated variation in serotonin levels, a recently created tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) knockout mouse model allows studying effects of complete brain serotonin deficiency. First studies revealed increased aggressiveness in homozygous Tph2 knockout mice in the context of a resident-intruder paradigm. Focussing on females, this study aimed to elucidate effects of serotonin deficiency on aggressive and non-aggressive social behaviours not in a test situation but a natural setting. For this purpose, female Tph2 wildtype (n = 40) and homozygous knockout mice (n = 40) were housed with a same-sex conspecific of either the same or the other genotype in large terraria. The main findings were: knockout females displayed untypically high levels of aggressive behaviour even after several days of co-housing. Notably, in response to aggressive knockout partners, they showed increased levels of defensive behaviours. While most studies on aggression in rodents have focussed on males, this study suggests a significant involvement of serotonin also in the control of female aggression. Future research will show, whether the observed behavioural effects are directly caused by the lack of serotonin or by potential compensatory mechanisms.
KW  - animal behaviour
KW  - genetics of the nervous system
KW  - social behaviour
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325386
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hecht, Markus
A1  - Meier, Friedegund
A1  - Zimmer, Lisa
A1  - Polat, Bülent
A1  - Loquai, Carmen
A1  - Weishaupt, Carsten
A1  - Forschner, Andrea
A1  - Gutzmer, Ralf
A1  - Utikal, Jochen S.
A1  - Goldinger, Simone M.
A1  - Geier, Michael
A1  - Hassel, Jessica C.
A1  - Balermpas, Panagiotis
A1  - Kiecker, Felix
A1  - Rauschenberg, Ricarda
A1  - Dietrich, Ursula
A1  - Clemens, Patrick
A1  - Berking, Carola
A1  - Grabenbauer, Gerhard
A1  - Schadendorf, Dirk
A1  - Grabbe, Stephan
A1  - Schuler, Gerold
A1  - Fietkau, Rainer
A1  - Distel, Luitpold V.
A1  - Heinzerling, Lucie
T1  - Clinical outcome of concomitant vs interrupted BRAF inhibitor therapy during radiotherapy in melanoma patients
JF  - British Journal of Cancer
N2  - Background:
Concomitant radiation with BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy may increase radiation-induced side effects but also potentially improve tumour control in melanoma patients.

Methods:
A total of 155 patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma from 17 European skin cancer centres were retrospectively analysed. Out of these, 87 patients received concomitant radiotherapy and BRAFi (59 vemurafenib, 28 dabrafenib), while in 68 patients BRAFi therapy was interrupted during radiation (51 vemurafenib, 17 dabrafenib). Overall survival was calculated from the first radiation (OSRT) and from start of BRAFi therapy (OSBRAFi).

Results:
The median duration of BRAFi treatment interruption prior to radiotherapy was 4 days and lasted for 17 days. Median OSRT and OSBRAFi in the entire cohort were 9.8 and 12.6 months in the interrupted group and 7.3 and 11.5 months in the concomitant group (P=0.075/P=0.217), respectively. Interrupted vemurafenib treatment with a median OSRT and OSBRAFi of 10.1 and 13.1 months, respectively, was superior to concomitant vemurafenib treatment with a median OSRT and OSBRAFi of 6.6 and 10.9 months (P=0.004/P=0.067). Interrupted dabrafenib treatment with a median OSRT and OSBRAFi of 7.7 and 9.8 months, respectively, did not differ from concomitant dabrafenib treatment with a median OSRT and OSBRAFi of 9.9 and 11.6 months (P=0.132/P=0.404). Median local control of the irradiated area did not differ in the interrupted and concomitant BRAFi treatment groups (P=0.619). Skin toxicity of grade ≥2 (CTCAE) was significantly increased in patients with concomitant vemurafenib compared to the group with treatment interruption (P=0.002).

Conclusions:
Interruption of vemurafenib treatment during radiation was associated with better survival and less toxicity compared to concomitant treatment. Due to lower number of patients, the relevance of treatment interruption in dabrafenib treated patients should be further investigated. The results of this analysis indicate that treatment with the BRAFi vemurafenib should be interrupted during radiotherapy. Prospective studies are desperately needed.
KW  - radiation
KW  - radiotherapy
KW  - BRAF
KW  - vemurafenib
KW  - dabrafenib
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227970
VL  - 118
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Knödler, Maren
A1  - Körfer, Justus
A1  - Kunzmann, Volker
A1  - Trojan, Jörg
A1  - Daum, Severin
A1  - Schenk, Michael
A1  - Kullmann, Frank
A1  - Schroll, Sebastian
A1  - Behringer, Dirk
A1  - Stahl, Michael
A1  - Al-Batran, Salah-Eddin
A1  - Hacker, Ulrich
A1  - Ibach, Stefan
A1  - Lindhofer, Horst
A1  - Lordick, Florian
T1  - Randomised phase II trial to investigate catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM × anti-CD3) for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with gastric cancer
JF  - British Journal of Cancer
N2  - Background
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) represents an unfavourable prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer (GC). Intraperitoneal treatment with the bispecific and trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (EpCAM, CD3), in addition to systemic chemotherapy, could improve elimination of PC.

Methods
This prospective, randomised, phase II study investigated the efficacy of catumaxomab followed by chemotherapy (arm A, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, FLOT) or FLOT alone (arm B) in patients with GC and PC. Primary endpoint was the rate of macroscopic complete remission (mCR) of PC at the time of second diagnostic laparoscopy/laparotomy prior to optional surgery.

Results
Median follow-up was 52 months. Out of 35 patients screened, 15 were allocated to arm A and 16 to arm B. mCR rate was 27% in arm A and 19% in arm B (p = 0.69). Severe side effects associated with catumaxomab were nausea, infection, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes. Median progression-free (6.7 vs. 5.4 months, p = 0.71) and overall survival (13.2 vs. 13.0 months, p = 0.97) were not significantly different in both treatment arms.

Conclusions
Addition of catumaxomab to systemic chemotherapy was feasible and tolerable in advanced GC. Although the primary endpoint could not be demonstrated, results are promising for future investigations integrating intraperitoneal immunotherapy into a multimodal treatment strategy.
KW  - cancer immunotherapy
KW  - gastric cancer
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325938
VL  - 119
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Altieri, Barbara
A1  - Di Dato, Carla
A1  - Martini, Chiara
A1  - Sciammarella, Concetta
A1  - Di Sarno, Antonella
A1  - Colao, Annamaria
A1  - Faggiano, Antongiulio
T1  - Bone Metastases in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Management
JF  - Cancers
N2  - Bone represents a common site of metastases for several solid tumors. However, the ability of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) to localize to bone has always been considered a rare and late event. Thanks to the improvement of therapeutic options, which results in longer survival, and of imaging techniques, particularly after the introduction of positron emission tomography (PET) with gallium peptides, the diagnosis of bone metastases (BMs) in NENs is increasing. The onset of BMs can be associated with severe skeletal complications that impair the patient's quality of life. Moreover, BMs negatively affect the prognosis of NEN patients, bringing out the lack of curative treatment options for advanced NENs. The current knowledge on BMs in gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) and bronchopulmonary (BP) NENs is still scant and is derived from a few retrospective studies and case reports. This review aims to perform a critical analysis of the evidence regarding the role of BMs in GEP- and BP-NENs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlining the development of BMs, as well as clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of BMs, in an attempt to provide suggestions that can be used in clinical practice.
KW  - neuroendocrine neoplasms
KW  - bone metastases
KW  - bone microenvironment
KW  - skeletal-related events
KW  - epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
KW  - microRNA
KW  - prognosis
KW  - treatment
KW  - denosumab
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221079
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - El-Helou, Sabine M.
A1  - Biegner, Anika-Kerstin
A1  - Bode, Sebastian
A1  - Ehl, Stephan R.
A1  - Heeg, Maximilian
A1  - Maccari, Maria E.
A1  - Ritterbusch, Henrike
A1  - Speckmann, Carsten
A1  - Rusch, Stephan
A1  - Scheible, Raphael
A1  - Warnatz, Klaus
A1  - Atschekzei, Faranaz
A1  - Beider, Renata
A1  - Ernst, Diana
A1  - Gerschmann, Stev
A1  - Jablonka, Alexandra
A1  - Mielke, Gudrun
A1  - Schmidt, Reinhold E.
A1  - Schürmann, Gesine
A1  - Sogkas, Georgios
A1  - Baumann, Ulrich H.
A1  - Klemann, Christian
A1  - Viemann, Dorothee
A1  - Bernuth, Horst von
A1  - Krüger, Renate
A1  - Hanitsch, Leif G.
A1  - Scheibenbogen, Carmen M.
A1  - Wittke, Kirsten
A1  - Albert, Michael H.
A1  - Eichinger, Anna
A1  - Hauck, Fabian
A1  - Klein, Christoph
A1  - Rack-Hoch, Anita
A1  - Sollinger, Franz M.
A1  - Avila, Anne
A1  - Borte, Michael
A1  - Borte, Stephan
A1  - Fasshauer, Maria
A1  - Hauenherm, Anja
A1  - Kellner, Nils
A1  - Müller, Anna H.
A1  - Ülzen, Anett
A1  - Bader, Peter
A1  - Bakhtiar, Shahrzad
A1  - Lee, Jae-Yun
A1  - Heß, Ursula
A1  - Schubert, Ralf
A1  - Wölke, Sandra
A1  - Zielen, Stefan
A1  - Ghosh, Sujal
A1  - Laws, Hans-Juergen
A1  - Neubert, Jennifer
A1  - Oommen, Prasad T.
A1  - Hönig, Manfred
A1  - Schulz, Ansgar
A1  - Steinmann, Sandra
A1  - Klaus, Schwarz
A1  - Dückers, Gregor
A1  - Lamers, Beate
A1  - Langemeyer, Vanessa
A1  - Niehues, Tim
A1  - Shai, Sonu
A1  - Graf, Dagmar
A1  - Müglich, Carmen
A1  - Schmalzing, Marc T.
A1  - Schwaneck, Eva C.
A1  - Tony, Hans-Peter
A1  - Dirks, Johannes
A1  - Haase, Gabriele
A1  - Liese, Johannes G.
A1  - Morbach, Henner
A1  - Foell, Dirk
A1  - Hellige, Antje
A1  - Wittkowski, Helmut
A1  - Masjosthusmann, Katja
A1  - Mohr, Michael
A1  - Geberzahn, Linda
A1  - Hedrich, Christian M.
A1  - Müller, Christiane
A1  - Rösen-Wolff, Angela
A1  - Roesler, Joachim
A1  - Zimmermann, Antje
A1  - Behrends, Uta
A1  - Rieber, Nikolaus
A1  - Schauer, Uwe
A1  - Handgretinger, Rupert
A1  - Holzer, Ursula
A1  - Henes, Jörg
A1  - Kanz, Lothar
A1  - Boesecke, Christoph
A1  - Rockstroh, Jürgen K.
A1  - Schwarze-Zander, Carolynne
A1  - Wasmuth, Jan-Christian
A1  - Dilloo, Dagmar
A1  - Hülsmann, Brigitte
A1  - Schönberger, Stefan
A1  - Schreiber, Stefan
A1  - Zeuner, Rainald
A1  - Ankermann, Tobias
A1  - Bismarck, Philipp von
A1  - Huppertz, Hans-Iko
A1  - Kaiser-Labusch, Petra
A1  - Greil, Johann
A1  - Jakoby, Donate
A1  - Kulozik, Andreas E.
A1  - Metzler, Markus
A1  - Naumann-Bartsch, Nora
A1  - Sobik, Bettina
A1  - Graf, Norbert
A1  - Heine, Sabine
A1  - Kobbe, Robin
A1  - Lehmberg, Kai
A1  - Müller, Ingo
A1  - Herrmann, Friedrich
A1  - Horneff, Gerd
A1  - Klein, Ariane
A1  - Peitz, Joachim
A1  - Schmidt, Nadine
A1  - Bielack, Stefan
A1  - Groß-Wieltsch, Ute
A1  - Classen, Carl F.
A1  - Klasen, Jessica
A1  - Deutz, Peter
A1  - Kamitz, Dirk
A1  - Lassy, Lisa
A1  - Tenbrock, Klaus
A1  - Wagner, Norbert
A1  - Bernbeck, Benedikt
A1  - Brummel, Bastian
A1  - Lara-Villacanas, Eusebia
A1  - Münstermann, Esther
A1  - Schneider, Dominik T.
A1  - Tietsch, Nadine
A1  - Westkemper, Marco
A1  - Weiß, Michael
A1  - Kramm, Christof
A1  - Kühnle, Ingrid
A1  - Kullmann, Silke
A1  - Girschick, Hermann
A1  - Specker, Christof
A1  - Vinnemeier-Laubenthal, Elisabeth
A1  - Haenicke, Henriette
A1  - Schulz, Claudia
A1  - Schweigerer, Lothar
A1  - Müller, Thomas G.
A1  - Stiefel, Martina
A1  - Belohradsky, Bernd H.
A1  - Soetedjo, Veronika
A1  - Kindle, Gerhard
A1  - Grimbacher, Bodo
T1  - The German national registry of primary immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. 

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. 

Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1-25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0-88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE-syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%-subcutaneous; 29%-intravenous; 1%-unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. 

Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment.
KW  - registry for primary immunodeficiency
KW  - primary immunodeficiency (PID)
KW  - German PID-NET registry
KW  - PID prevalence
KW  - European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID)
KW  - IgG substitution therapy
KW  - CVID
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226629
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Butt, Elke
A1  - Raman, Dayanidhi
T1  - New frontiers for the cytoskeletal protein LASP1
JF  - Frontiers in Oncology
N2  - In the recent two decades, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) has been developed from a simple actin-binding structural protein to a tumor biomarker and subsequently to a complex, nuclear transcriptional regulator. Starting with a brief historical perspective, this review will mainly compare and contrast LASP1 and LASP2 from the angle of the newest data and importantly, examine their role in transcriptional regulation. We will summarize the current knowledge through pictorial models and tables including the roles of different microRNAs in the differential regulation of LASP1 levels and patient outcome rather than specify in detail all tumor entities. Finally, the novel functional roles of LASP1 in secretion of vesicles, expression of matrix metalloproteinases and transcriptional regulation as well as the activation of survival and proliferation pathways in different cancer types are described.
KW  - LASP1
KW  - LASP2
KW  - transcriptional regulation
KW  - nuclear role
KW  - matrix metalloproteinases
KW  - AP1
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221975
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doppler, Christopher E. J.
A1  - Meyer, Linda
A1  - Dovern, Anna
A1  - Stühmer-Beckh, Jaro
A1  - Weiss, Peter H.
A1  - Fink, Gereon R.
T1  - Differential impact of social and monetary reward on procedural learning and consolidation in aging and its structural correlates
JF  - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
N2  - In young (n = 36, mean +/- SD: 24.8 +/- 4.5 years) and older (n = 34, mean +/- SD: 65.1 +/- 6.5 years) healthy participants, we employed a modified version of the Serial Reaction Time task to measure procedural learning (PL) and consolidation while providing monetary and social reward. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we additionally determined the structural correlates of reward-related motor performance (RMP) and PL. Monetary reward had a beneficial effect on PL in the older subjects only. In contrast, social reward significantly enhanced PL in the older and consolidation in the young participants. VBM analyses revealed that motor performance related to monetary reward was associated with larger grey matter volume (GMV) of the left striatum in the young, and motor performance related to social reward with larger GMV of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in the older group. The differential effects of social reward in young (improved consolidation) and both social and monetary rewards in older (enhanced PL) healthy subjects point to the potential of rewards for interventions targeting aging-associated motor decline or stroke-induced motor deficits.
KW  - serial reaction time task
KW  - procedural learning
KW  - reinforcement learning
KW  - voxel-based morphometry
KW  - motor aging
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222394
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doppler, Kathrin
A1  - Brockmann, Kathrin
A1  - Sedghi, Annahita
A1  - Wurster, Isabel
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Oertel, Wolfgang H.
A1  - Sommer, Claudia
T1  - Dermal phospho-alpha-synuclein deposition in patients with Parkinson's disease and mutation of the glucocerebrosidase gene
JF  - Frontiers in Neurology
N2  - Heterozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1) represent the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and are histopathologically associated with a widespread load of alpha-synuclein in the brain. Therefore, PD patients with GBA1 mutations are a cohort of high interest for clinical trials on disease-modifying therapies targeting alpha-synuclein. There is evidence that detection of phospho-alpha-synuclein (p-syn) in dermal nerve fibers might be a biomarker for the histopathological identification of PD patients even at premotor or very early stages of disease. It is so far unknown whether dermal p-syn deposition can also be found in PD patients with GBA1 mutations and may serve as a biomarker for PD in these patients. Skin biopsies of 10 PD patients with different GBA1 mutations (six N3705, three E326K, one L444P) were analyzed by double-immunofluorescence labeling with anti-p-syn and anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5, axonal marker) to detect intraaxonal p-syn deposition. Four biopsy sites (distal, proximal leg, paravertebral Th10, and C7) per patient were studied. P-syn was found in six patients (three N370S, three E326K). P-syn deposition was mainly detected in autonomic nerve fibers, but also in somatosensory fibers and was not restricted to a certain GBA1 mutation. In summary, dermal p-syn in PD patients with GBA1 mutations seems to offer a similar distribution and frequency as observed in patients without a known mutation. Skin biopsy may be suitable to study p-syn deposition in these patients or even to identify premotor patients with GBA1 mutations.
KW  - Parkinson's disease
KW  - glucocerebrosidase mutation
KW  - alpha-synuclein
KW  - skin biopsy
KW  - biomarker
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222828
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kemmer, Luisa Diana
T1  - Darstellung von Inflammation in Atherosklerose mit dem CXCR4-gerichteten PET-Tracer \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor im Vergleich zur \(^{18}\)F-FDG-PET/CT
T1  - Imaging inflammation in atherosclerosis with the CXCR4-targeted PET tracer \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor compared to \(^{18}\)F-FDG-PET/CT
N2  - Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen zählen zu den häufigsten Todesursachen weltweit. Ein ihr zugrundeliegender pathologischer Prozess ist die Atherosklerose. Die Ruptur eines atheroskelrotischen Plaques kann lebensbedrohlich sein. Derzeit existieren weder ein evaluierter Biomarker noch eine Bildgebungstechnik, die das Risiko einer solchen Plaqueruptur und eines nachfolgenden akuten kardiovaskulären Ereignisses vorhersagen können. Um die bildgebenden Verfahren zur Detektion der Atherosklerose zu optimieren, wurde in dieser Dissertationsarbeit untersucht, ob der PET/CT-Tracer 68Ga-Pentixafor im Vergleich zu 18F-FDG bessere Ergebnisse in der Diagnostik der Atherosklerose erzielen kann. 
Insgesamt wurden 144 onkologische Patienten in die Studie einbezogen, bei denen die 18F-FDG-PET/CT sowie 68Ga-Pentifaxor-PET/CT aus klinischen Gründen indiziert waren. Befunde, bei denen eine gegenüber dem Hintergrund vermehrte Speicherung ohne physiologische Erklärung nachgewiesen werden konnte, wurden als positiv bewertet. Um Unterschiede zwischen den Patienten außer Acht lassen zu können, wurde die target-to-background-ratio (TBR) berechnet. Zur Beschreibung der Speicherintensität einer Läsion wurde der standardized uptake value (SUV) bestimmt. 
Nach Auswertung der Daten zeigte sich eine mäßige Korrelation der Anzahl von 68Ga-Pentixafor-positiven Läsionen mit der Anzahl der 18F-FDG positiven Läsionen. Die CXCR4-gerichtete Bildgebung mit 68Ga-Pentixafor identifizierte mehr Läsionen als die 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Bezüglich ihres Verteilungsmusters wiesen die beiden Tracer eine geringe Korrelation auf. Die Aufnahmeintensität beider Tracer korrelierte umgekehrt mit dem Ausmaß der Verkalkung. Stark verkalkte Plaques zeigten die niedrigste Traceraufnahme für beide PET-Tracer. 
Weitere Studien zur Aufklärung der zugrunde liegenden biologischen Mechanismen und Quellen der CXCR4-Positivität sind in hohem Maße gerechtfertigt.
N2  - Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide. A pathological process underlying these diseases is atherosclerosis. The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque can be life-threatening. Currently, there is neither an evaluated biomarker nor an imaging technique that can predict the risk of such a plaque rupture and subsequent acute cardiovascular event. To optimize imaging methods for the detection of atherosclerosis, this dissertation investigated whether the PET/CT tracer 68Ga-Pentixafor can achieve better diagnostic results for atherosclerosis compared to
18F-FDG. A total of 144 oncological patients were included in the study, for whom 18F-FDG-PET/CT and 68Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT were clinically indicated. Lesions showing increased uptake compared to the background without physiological explanation were rated as positive. To disregard differences between patients, the target-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated. To describe the uptake intensity of a lesion, the standardized uptake value (SUV) was determined. After evaluating the data, a moderate correlation was observed between the number of 68Ga-Pentixafor-positive lesions and the number of 18F-FDG-positive lesions. CXCR4-targeted imaging with 68Ga-Pentixafor identified more lesions than 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Regarding their distribution patterns, the two tracers showed a low correlation. The uptake intensity of both tracers inversely correlated with the extent of calcification. Highly calcified plaques exhibited the lowest tracer uptake for both PET tracers. Further studies to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms and sources of CXCR4 positivity are highly warranted.
KW  - Arteriosklerose
KW  - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie
KW  - Chemokinrezpetor
KW  - CXCR4
KW  - \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor
KW  - \(^{18}\)F-FDG
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360013
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Zillig, Anna-Lena Christina
T1  - Einfluss von Sicherheit auf die Schmerzverarbeitung
T1  - The influence of safety on pain perception
N2  - Im Rahmen des interdisziplinären Promotionsschwerpunkts Resilienzfaktoren der Schmerzverarbeitung des evangelischen Studienwerks in Zusammenarbeit mit der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg und der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg untersuche ich in diesem Promotionsprojekt den Einfluss von Sicherheit auf die Schmerzverarbeitung. Es ist bekannt, dass die Schmerzverarbeitung durch Emotionen moduliert werden kann. Man geht davon aus, dass negative Emotionen den Schmerz in der Regel verstärken, während positive Emotionen zu einer Schmerzreduktion führen. Frühere Studien fanden heraus, dass die Erwartung eines aversiven Ereignisses zu Bedrohung und stärkeren Schmerzen führt. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob das Gegenteil von Bedrohung, nämlich Sicherheit, zu einer Verringerung der Schmerzen führen kann. Um diese Hypothese zu untersuchen, habe ich drei Experimente an gesunden ProbandInnen durchgeführt.
N2  - I am investigating the influence of safety on pain processing in the present dissertation project as part of the interdisciplinary doctoral program on resilience factors of pain processing of the Evangelisches Studienwerk in cooperation with the Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg and the Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg. It is known that pain processing is susceptible to an individual’s emotional state, such that negative emotions mostly increase pain while positive emotions lead to a pain decrease. Previous studies found that the anticipation of an aversive event induces threat and elevated pain. The question arises whether the exact opposite, namely safety, can lead to a reduction in pain. To investigate this hypothesis, I conducted three experiments in healthy volunteers.
KW  - Sicherheit
KW  - Schmerzverarbeitung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359282
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Choi, Jihyoung
T1  - Development of an Add-On Electrode for Non-Invasive Monitoring in Bioreactor Cultures and Medical Devices
T1  - Entwicklung einer Zusatzelektrode für das nicht-invasive Monitoring von Bioreaktorkulturen und Medizinprodukten
N2  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a valuable technique analyzing electrochemical behavior of biological systems such as electrical characterization of cells and biomolecules, drug screening, and biomaterials in biomedical field. In EIS, an alternating current (AC) power signal is applied to the biological system, and the impedance of the system is measured over a range of frequencies. 
In vitro culture models of endothelial or epithelial barrier tissue can be achieved by culturing barrier tissue on scaffolds made with synthetic or biological materials that provide separate compartments (apical and basal sides), allowing for further studies on drug transport. EIS is a great candidate for non-invasive and real-time monitoring of the electrical properties that correlate with barrier integrity during the tissue modeling. Although commercially available transendothelial/transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement devices are widely used, their use is particularly common in static transwell culture. EIS is considered more suitable than TEER measurement devices in bioreactor cultures that involve dynamic fluid flow to obtain accurate and reliable measurements. Furthermore, while TEER measurement devices can only assess resistance at a single frequency, EIS measurements can capture both resistance and capacitance properties of cells, providing additional information about the cellular barrier's characteristics across various frequencies. Incorporating EIS into a bioreactor system requires the careful optimization of electrode integration within the bioreactor setup and measurement parameters to ensure accurate EIS measurements. Since bioreactors vary in size and design depending on the purpose of the study, most studies have reported using an electrode system specifically designed for a particular bioreactor. The aim of this work was to produce multi-applicable electrodes and established methods for automated non-invasive and real-time monitoring using the EIS technique in bioreactor cultures. Key to the electrode material, titanium nitride (TiN) coating was fabricated on different substrates (materials and shape) using physical vapor deposition (PVD) and housed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure to allow the electrodes to function as independent units. Various electrode designs were evaluated for double-layer capacitance and morphology using EIS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The TiN-coated tube electrode was identified as the optimal choice. Furthermore, EIS measurements were performed to examine the impact of influential parameters related to culture conditions on the TiN-coated electrode system. In order to demonstrate the versatility of the electrodes, these electrodes were then integrated into in different types of perfusion bioreactors for monitoring barrier cells.  Blood-brain barrier (BBB) cells were cultured in the newly developed dynamic flow bioreactor, while human umblical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Caco-2 cells were cultured in the miniature hollow fiber bioreactor (HFBR). As a result, the TiN-coated tube electrode system enabled investigation of BBB barrier integrity in long-term bioreactor culture. While EIS measurement could not detect HUVECs electrical properties in miniature HFBR culture, there was the possibility of measuring the barrier integrity of Caco-2 cells, indicating potential usefulness for evaluating their barrier function. Following the bioreactor cultures, the application of the TiN-coated tube electrode was expanded to hemofiltration, based on the hypothesis that the EIS system may be used to monitor clotting or clogging phenomena in hemofiltration. The findings suggest that the EIS monitoring system can track changes in ion concentration of blood before and after hemofiltration in real-time, which may serve as an indicator of clogging of filter membranes. Overall, our research demonstrates the potential of TiN-coated tube electrodes for sensitive and versatile non-invasive monitoring in bioreactor cultures and medical devices.
N2  - Die elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS) ist eine nützliche Methode, um das elektrochemische Verhalten von biologischen Systemen zu analysieren, wie z.B. die elektrische Charakterisierung von Zellen und Biomolekülen, Drug Screening und Biomaterialien im biomedizinischen Bereich. Für die EIS wird ein Wechselstrom an das biologische System angeschlossen und die Impedanz des Systems über einen Frequenzbereich gemessen. 
In vitro-Modelle von Gewebekulturen epithelialer Barrieren können mithilfe künstlicher oder biologischer Materialien, die über unterschiedliche Kompartimente (apikale und basolaterale Seite) verfügen, hergestellt werden und ermöglichen weitere Untersuchungen zum Transport von Arzneistoffen. Die EIS bietet dabei eine hervorragende Methode für das nicht-invasive Echtzeit-Monitoring der elektrischen Eigenschaften, die mit der Barriere-Integrität während der Gewebeentwicklung korreliert. Obwohl kommerziell erhältliche Geräte zur Messung des transendothelialen/transepithelialen elektrischen Widerstands (TEER) umfangreich verwendet werden, ist ihre Verwendung besonders bei statischen Transwell-Kulturen verbreitet. Durch die EIS kann im Gegensatz zur TEER-Messung für Bioreaktor-Kulturen, die einen dynamischen Medienfluss aufweisen, genauere und verlässliche Messungen erhalten werden. Zudem können EIS-Messungen anders als die TEER-Messung, die nur den Widerstand einer einzelnen Frequenz misst, gleichzeitig den elektrischen Widerstand und die Kapazität von Zellen erfassen und damit zusätzliche Informationen über die zellulären Barriereeigenschaften über verschiedene Frequenzen hinweg liefern. Der EIS-Einbau in ein Bioreaktor-System bedarf einer sorgfältigen Optimierung der Elektrodenintegration in das Bioreaktor-Setup und der Messparameter, um akkurate EIS-Messungen durchführen zu können. Da Bioreaktoren abhängig vom Untersuchungszweck in ihrer Größe und ihrem Design variieren, verwenden die meisten Studien speziell entwickelte Elektrodensysteme für einzelne Bioreaktoren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Herstellung von vielseitig anwendbaren Elektroden und etablierten Methoden für das automatisierte nicht-invasive Echtzeit-Monitoring von Bioreaktor-Kulturen mithilfe der EIS. Entscheidend für das Elektrodenmaterial war die Titannitrid (TiN)-Beschichtung, die auf verschiedenen Substraten (Materialien und Formen) durch Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) hergestellt und in einer Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS)-Struktur untergebracht wurde, damit die Elektroden unabhängig voneinander arbeiten können. Verschiedene Elektrodendesigns wurden auf Doppelschicht-Kapazität mithilfe der EIS bzw. auf die Morphologie mit Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Die TiN-beschichteten Elektroden in Röhrenform erwiesen sich als optimal. Weiterhin wurden EIS-Messungen durchgeführt, um die Auswirkung von beeinflussenden Parametern auf die Kulturbedingungen durch das TiN-beschichtete Elektrodensystem zu untersuchen. Um die Vielseitigkeit der Elektroden aufzuzeigen, wurden diese anschließend zum Monitoring von Barriere-bildenden Zellen in unterschiedliche Perfusionsbioreaktoren integriert. Zellen der Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS) wurden im neu entwickelten dynamischen Flussreaktor kultiviert, wohingegen humane umbilikale vaskuläre Endothelzellen (HUVEC) und Caco-2-Zellen in Hohlfaserbioreaktoren (HFBR) in Miniaturform kultiviert wurden. Das TiN-beschichtete Röhrenelektrodensystem ermöglichte die Untersuchung der BHS-Barrieren-Integrität in einer Langzeit-Bioreaktorkultur. Während die EIS-Messung in der Miniaturform-HFBR-Kultur keine elektrischen Eigenschaften der HUVECs detektieren konnte, war es möglich, eine Barriere-Integrität der Caco-2-Zellen zu messen, die den potentiellen Nutzen für die Evaluierung deren Barrierefunktion aufzeigt. Nach den Bioreaktorkulturen wurde die Anwendung der TiN-beschichteten Röhrenelektrode auf die Hämofiltration erweitert, auf Grundlage der Hypothese, dass das EIS-System ein Gerinnen oder Verstopfen während der Hämofiltration überwachen könnte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das EIS-Monitoring-System Veränderungen in der Ionenkonzentration des Blutes vor und nach Hämofiltration in Echtzeit verfolgen kann, welches eventuell als Messgröße für ein Verstopfen der Filtermembranen genutzt werden kann. Insgesamt weisen TiN-beschichtete Röhrenelektroden unseren Forschungen zufolge ein großes Potential für ein empfindliches und vielfältiges nicht-invasives Monitoring von Bioreaktorkulturen und Medizingeräte auf.
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Tissue Engineering
KW  - Electrode
KW  - Perfusion Bioreactor
KW  - Hemofiltration
KW  - Medizinprodukt
KW  - Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358232
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kutschka, Ilona
T1  - Activation of the integrated stress response induces remodeling of cardiac metabolism in Barth Syndrome
T1  - Aktivierung der "Integrated Stress Response" führt zur Umstellung des kardialen Metabolismus im Barth Syndrom
N2  - Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an inherited X-chromosomal linked disorder, characterized by early development of cardiomyopathy, immune system defects, skeletal muscle myopathy and growth retardation. The disease displays a wide variety of symptoms including heart failure, exercise intolerance and fatigue due to the muscle weakness. The cause of the disease are mutations in the gene encoding for the mitochondrial transacylase Tafazzin (TAZ), which is important for remodeling of the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). All mutations result in a pronounced decrease of the functional enzyme leading to an increase of monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), the precursor of mature CL, and a decrease in mature CL itself. CL is a hallmark phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, highly enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It is not only important for the formation of the cristae structures, but also for the function of different protein complexes associated with the mitochondrial membrane. Reduced levels of mature CL cause remodeling of the respiratory chain supercomplexes, impaired respiration, defects in the Krebs cycle and a loss of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein. The defective Ca2+ handling causes impaired redox homeostasis and energy metabolism resulting in cellular arrhythmias and defective electrical conduction. In an uncompensated situation, blunting mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake provokes increased mitochondrial emission of H2O2 during workload transitions, related to oxidation of NADPH, which is required to regenerate anti-oxidative enzymes. However, in the hearts and cardiac myocytes of mice with a global knock-down of the Taz gene (Taz-KD), no increase in mitochondrial ROS was observed, suggesting that other metabolic pathways may have compensated for reduced Krebs cycle activation.
The healthy heart produces most of its energy by consuming fatty acids. In this study, the fatty acid uptake into mitochondria and their further degradation was investigated, which showed a switch of the metabolism in general in the Taz-KD mouse model. In vivo studies revealed an increase of glucose uptake into the heart and decreased fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Disturbed energy conversion resulted in activation of retrograde signaling pathways, implicating overall changes in the cell metabolism. Upregulated integrated stress response (ISR) was confirmed by increased levels of the downstream target, i.e., the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). A Tafazzin knockout mouse embryonal fibroblast cell model (TazKO) was used to inhibit the ISR using siRNA transfection or pharmaceutical inhibition. This verified the central role of
II
the ISR in regulating the metabolism in BTHS. Moreover, an increased metabolic flux into glutathione biosynthesis was observed, which supports redox homeostasis. In vivo PET-CT scans depicted elevated activity of the xCT system in the BTHS mouse heart, which transports essential amino acids for the biosynthesis of glutathione precursors. Furthermore, the stress induced signaling pathway also affected the glutamate metabolism, which fuels into the Krebs cycle via -ketoglutarate and therefore supports energy converting pathways. In summary, this thesis provides novel insights into the energy metabolism and redox homeostasis in Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy and its regulation by the integrated stress response, which plays a central role in the metabolic alterations. The aim of the thesis was to improve the understanding of these metabolic changes and to identify novel targets, which can provide new possibilities for therapeutic intervention in Barth syndrome.
N2  - Barth Syndrome (BTHS) ist eine X-chromosomal vererbbare Erkrankung, welche sich in der frühen Entstehung von Kardiomyopathie, Störungen des Immunsystems, Skelettmuskelschwäche und Wachstumsverzögerungen manifestiert. Das Krankheitsbild ist sehr variabel mit milden Symptomen bis hin zu sehr schwerwiegenden Fällen, bei denen die schnelle Verschlechterung der Kardiomyopathie bereits in jungen Jahren eine Herztransplantation erfordern kann. Betroffenen Patienten zeigen eine deutliche Intoleranz gegenüber körperlicher Anstrengung, welche mit schneller Müdigkeit einhergeht. Die Krankheit wird durch verschiedene Mutationen auf dem Gen für die mitochondriale Transacylase Tafazzin (TAZ) ausgelöst. Die Mutationen führen zu einem Funktionsverlust des Enzyms, welches in der Biosynthese des Phospholipids Cardiolipin (CL) eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Die Vorstufe des Lipids, das sogenannte Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), reichert sich dadurch an, wohingegen die Menge an reifem CL entscheidend verringert ist. CL ist ein bedeutendes Phospholipid in den Mitochondrien, wo es vor allem in der inneren Mitochondrien Membran vorkommt. CL ist einerseits wichtig für die Ausbildung der Cristae Strukturen der inneren Mitochondrien Membran. Darüber hinaus ist es notwendig für die Struktur und Funktion verschiedenster Proteinkomplexe in der Membran, welche dadurch erst ihre volle Funktionsfähigkeit erhalten. Es wurde bereits gezeigt, dass der Verlust von reifem CL in BTHS zu einer Dissoziation der Superkomplexe der Atmungskette führt, welche dadurch in ihrer Funktion beeinträchtigt ist. Zusätzlich sind Störungen im Krebs Zyklus und der Kalziumaufnahme durch den mitochondriellen Kalzium (Ca2+) -Uniporter (MCU) Komplex bekannt. Die beeinträchtigte mitochondriale Ca2+ Aufnahme beeinflusst sowohl die Redox Homöostase als auch den Energie Metabolismus, was zu Arrhythmien und einer Störung der elektrischen Weiterleitung im Herzen führt. Im gesunden Herzen gewinnen die Herzmuskelzellen den Hauptanteil ihrer Energie aus dem Abbau von Fettsäuren. In dieser Studie wurde durch die Untersuchung des Fettsäurestoffwechsels im Taz knockdown Mausmodell (Taz-KD) gezeigt, dass eine deutliche Reduktion in Proteinen vorliegt, welche für die Aufnahme und die Verstoffwechselung der Fettsäuren in den Mitochondrien verantwortlich sind. Diese Veränderungen führten in vivo zu einer verringerten Aufnahme und Verstoffwechselung von Fettsäuren und einer Erhöhten Aufnahme von Glucose. Dysfunktionale Mitochondrien aktivieren retrograde Signalwege, welche eine generelle
IV
Umstellung des Metabolismus zur Folge haben. Eine erhöhte Menge des Transkriptionsfaktors ATF4, welcher sowohl Fettsäure- als auch Aminosäuremetabolismus beeinflusst, zeigte die Aktivierung der sogenannten „Integrated stress response“ (ISR). Ein Zellmodel embryonaler Fibroblasten aus der Maus mit einem Taz knockout (TazKO) wurde verwendet um die ISR durch siRNA Transfektion oder einem pharmakologischen Inhibitor zu blockieren. Dadurch konnte die zentrale Rolle der ISR in der Umstellung des Metabolismus bestätigt werden. Zusätzlich konnte eine erhöhte metabolische Aktivität in Richtung der Glutathion Biosynthese beobachtet werden, welche für die Redox Homöostase in den Mitochondrien von Bedeutung ist. In vivo PET-CT Untersuchungen zeigten eine erhöhte Aktivität des xCT Systems im Herzen des BTHS Mausmodells auf. Dies dient der Aufnahme von Aminosäuren, welche für die Glutathion Biosynthese benötigt werden. Hinzu kommt, dass die Aktivierung des Stresssignalweges den Glutamat Stoffwechsel in der Zelle beeinflusste. Über -Ketoglutarat trägt Glutamat so vermehrt zur Energiegewinnung bei. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es, die metabolischen Veränderungen in BTHS zu untersuchen, um die veränderten Vorgänge besser zu verstehen und so neue mögliche Angriffspunkte für Therapiemöglichkeiten zu identifizieren.
KW  - Herzmuskelkrankheit
KW  - Mitochondrium
KW  - Stoffwechsel
KW  - Barth Syndrome
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358186
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Wilhelmi, Kai Alexander
T1  - Untersuchung von Veränderungen der myelinisierten Nervenfasern durch Entmarkung in Haut- und Nervenbiopsien von Patienten mit Polyneuropathie
T1  - Examination of changes in myelinated nerve fibers due to demyelination in skin and nerve biopsies of patients with polyneuropathy
N2  - In dieser Arbeit wurde durch das immunhistochemische Anfärben von nodalen (Natriumkanäle, NF), paranodalen (Caspr, NF) und internodalen (MBP) Proteinen der in Fingerhautbiopsien vorhanden Nervenfasern untersucht, ob eine Veränderung der typischen Verteilungsmuster dieser Proteine, eine demyelinisierende Polyneuropathie anzeigen kann. Dazu wurden am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg prospektiv 93 Polyneuropathie-Patienten und 25 Kontrollpersonen rekrutiert. Bei allen Patienten wurden Hautstanzbiospien am Zeigefinger durchgeführt. Bei 35 Patienten mit schweren oder unklaren Verläufen, wurden konsiliarisch Nervus suralis Biopsien durchgeführt. Aus einem Abschnitt von 27 dieser Biopsien, konnten im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Zupfnervenpräparate angefertigt und analog zu den Hautbiopsien ausgewertet werden. Aus der Routinediagnostik der Klinik flossen weiterhin die Ergebnisse der elektrophysiologischen Routinediagnostik und der Histologiebefund der Nervus suralis Biopsien in die Auswertung ein. 
Zusammenfassend kamen veränderte Natriumkanalbanden in Fingerhautbiopsien signifikant häufiger bei Patienten mit elektrophysiologisch als demyelinisierend befundeten Polyneuropathien, als bei Patienten mit elektrophysiologisch als axonal befundeten Polyneuropathien vor. Vielfach fanden sich veränderte Natriumkanalbanden inmitten para- und internodal unauffälliger Schnürringe und umgekehrt. Diese Beobachtung stützt die bereits in Vorarbeiten vorgeschlagene und in der aktuellen Leitlinie zur Diagnostik für Polyneuropathien aufgegriffene Entität der Paranodopathien (Uncini, Susuki, & Yuki, 2013). Möglich wäre, dass eine veränderte Verteilung der Natriumkanäle die schnelle Leitfähigkeit beeinträchtigen und somit trotz intakter Bemarkung, elektrophysiologisch das Bild einer demyelinisierenden Neuropathie vermittelt. Ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten von doppelten und verlängerten Natriumkanalbanden und einzelnen Messwerten (z.B. Amplituden und Latenzzeiten) fand sich nicht. Auch in den Zupfnervenpräparaten der Nervus suralis Biopsien, konnten o.g. Verteilungsmuster untersucht werden. Deren Vorkommen zeigte sich als unabhängig vom elektrophysiologischen und histologischen Befund, von der Ätiologie der PNP und von den gefundenen Veränderungen in den Hautbiopsien des betreffenden Patienten.
N2  - Myelinated nerve fibers in finger skin biopsies and sural nerve biopsies were examined using immunohistochemical staining to detect changes in the typical distribution patterns of nodal (voltage-gated sodium channels, neurofascin 186), paranodal (Caspr, neurofascin 155), and internodal (myelin basic protein) proteins, aiming to identify indicators for demyelinating polyneuropathies. A total of 93 polyneuropathy patients and 25 control subjects were prospectively recruited from the University Hospital Würzburg. Skin punch biopsies were conducted on all patients and control subjects. Additionally, sural nerve biopsies were performed on a consultative basis for 35 patients. Teased nerve fiber preparations were made from a section of 27 of these biopsies and evaluated similarly to the skin biopsies. In summary, altered sodium channel bands in myelinated nerve fibers from finger skin biopsies were significantly more prevalent in patients electrophysiologically diagnosed with demyelinating polyneuropathies. However, there was no significant difference in the means of individual electrophysiological measurements between patients with and without changes in the immunohistochemical stainings. Each of the investigated changes was significantly more common in the polyneuropathy group than in the control group. Further correlations, particularly in the comparison of results from skin and sural nerve biopsies, were not found
KW  - Polyneuropathie
KW  - Ranvier-Schnürring
KW  - Entmarkung
KW  - Elektrophysiologie
KW  - Caspr
KW  - Neurofascin
KW  - MBP
KW  - spannungsgesteuerter Natriumkanal
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360046
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gerlich, C.
A1  - Andreica, I.
A1  - Küffner, R.
A1  - Krause, D.
A1  - Lakomek, H. J.
A1  - Reusch, A.
A1  - Braun, J.
T1  - Evaluation einer Basisschulung für Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis
T1  - Evaluation of a basic educational program for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
JF  - Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie
N2  - Hintergrund
Ein neues Rahmenkonzept hat die flexible Ableitung und Nutzung von rheumatologischen Schulungsprogrammen für unterschiedliche Versorgungsbereiche ermöglicht. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde eine 5‑stündige Basisschulung für Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) entwickelt, es wurden rheumatologische Fachärzte und Psychologen trainiert, und dann wurde die Wirksamkeit nach dem Wirkmodell der Patientenschulung evaluiert.

Methoden
Mit dem Studiendesign einer extern randomisierten Wartekontrollgruppenstudie mit 3 Messzeitpunkten wurde geprüft, wie sich die 5‑stündige Basisschulung auf das Erkrankungs- und Behandlungswissen sowie auf die Gesundheitskompetenz von RA-Patienten (n = 249) auswirkt. Weitere Fragen betrafen Einstellungsparameter, Kommunikationskompetenz, Erkrankungsauswirkungen und die Zufriedenheit mit der Schulung. Die Auswertungen erfolgten auf Intention-to-treat-Basis mit Kovarianzanalysen für die Hauptzielgrößen unter Berücksichtigung des Ausgangswertes.

Ergebnisse
Die Analysen zeigen, dass die Basisschulung RA wirksam ist. Noch 3 Monate nach der Schulung verfügten die Schulungsteilnehmer über mehr Wissen und Gesundheitskompetenz als die Wartekontrollgruppe mit kleinem bis mittelgroßem Effekt (d = 0,37 bzw. 0,38). In den Nebenzielgrößen zeigten sich mit Ausnahme der Krankheitskommunikation keine weiteren Schulungseffekte.

Diskussion
Die Basisschulung bietet eine gute Grundlage, auf der weitere Interventionen zur Verbesserung von Einstellungs- und Erkrankungsparametern aufbauen können. Sie eignet sich damit als zentraler Baustein für die rheumatologische Versorgung auf verschiedenen Ebenen.
N2  - Background
A new conceptual framework has enabled the flexible development of rheumatological patient educational programs for different healthcare settings. On this basis, a 5‑h basic training program for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was developed to be used in specialized centers. Rheumatologists and psychologists were first trained and then the efficacy of the patient training program was evaluated based on the causal model of patient education.

Methods
The externally randomized waiting control group study with 249 RA patients included 3 measurement points. The impact of the 5‑h basic training on disease and treatment-related knowledge as well as health competence of RA patients was examined. Secondary questions included attitudinal parameters, communication competence, effects on the disease and satisfaction with the educational program. Data were analyzed on an intention to treat basis by means of covariance analyses for the main target variables, adjusted for baseline values.

Results
The analyses showed that the training program was effective. Even 3 months after training, participants reported more knowledge and health competence than the waiting control group, with small to medium-sized effects (d = 0.37 and 0.38, respectively). With the exception of disease communication, no other effects of training were observed in the secondary objectives.

Conclusion
The basic training program provides a good foundation to develop further interventions to improve attitudinal and disease parameters. It can serve as a central component for rheumatological healthcare for patients with RA at various levels.
KW  - Rheumatoide Arthritis
KW  - Patientenschulung
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Rheumatoid arthritis
KW  - Patient education
KW  - Evaluation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280359
VL  - 79
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hauer, Nadine N.
A1  - Popp, Bernt
A1  - Taher, Leila
A1  - Vogl, Carina
A1  - Dhandapany, Perundurai S.
A1  - Büttner, Christian
A1  - Uebe, Steffen
A1  - Sticht, Heinrich
A1  - Ferrazzi, Fulvia
A1  - Ekici, Arif B.
A1  - De Luca, Alessandro
A1  - Klinger, Patrizia
A1  - Kraus, Cornelia
A1  - Zweier, Christiane
A1  - Wiesener, Antje
A1  - Abou Jamra, Rami
A1  - Kunstmann, Erdmute
A1  - Rauch, Anita
A1  - Wieczorek, Dagmar
A1  - Jung, Anna-Marie
A1  - Rohrer, Tilman R.
A1  - Zenker, Martin
A1  - Doerr, Helmuth-Guenther
A1  - Reis, André
A1  - Thiel, Christian T.
T1  - Evolutionary conserved networks of human height identify multiple Mendelian causes of short stature
JF  - European Journal of Human Genetics
N2  - Height is a heritable and highly heterogeneous trait. Short stature affects 3% of the population and in most cases is genetic in origin. After excluding known causes, 67% of affected individuals remain without diagnosis. To identify novel candidate genes for short stature, we performed exome sequencing in 254 unrelated families with short stature of unknown cause and identified variants in 63 candidate genes in 92 (36%) independent families. Based on systematic characterization of variants and functional analysis including expression in chondrocytes, we classified 13 genes as strong candidates. Whereas variants in at least two families were detected for all 13 candidates, two genes had variants in 6 (UBR4) and 8 (LAMA5) families, respectively. To facilitate their characterization, we established a clustered network of 1025 known growth and short stature genes, which yielded 29 significantly enriched clusters, including skeletal system development, appendage development, metabolic processes, and ciliopathy. Eleven of the candidate genes mapped to 21 of these clusters, including CPZ, EDEM3, FBRS, IFT81, KCND1, PLXNA3, RASA3, SLC7A8, UBR4, USP45, and ZFHX3. Fifty additional growth-related candidates we identified await confirmation in other affected families. Our study identifies Mendelian forms of growth retardation as an important component of idiopathic short stature.
KW  - disease genetics
KW  - DNA sequencing
KW  - genetic counselling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227899
VL  - 27
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gilder, Stuart A.
A1  - Wack, Michael
A1  - Kaub, Leon
A1  - Roud, Sophie C.
A1  - Petersen, Nikolai
A1  - Heinsen, Helmut
A1  - Hillenbrand, Peter
A1  - Milz, Stefan
A1  - Schmitz, Chistoph
T1  - Distribution of magnetic remanence carriers in the human brain
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - That the human brain contains magnetite is well established; however, its spatial distribution in the brain has remained unknown. We present room temperature, remanent magnetization measurements on 822 specimens from seven dissected whole human brains in order to systematically map concentrations of magnetic remanence carriers. Median saturation remanent magnetizations from the cerebellum were approximately twice as high as those from the cerebral cortex in all seven cases (statistically significantly distinct, p = 0.016). Brain stems were over two times higher in magnetization on average than the cerebral cortex. The ventral (lowermost) horizontal layer of the cerebral cortex was consistently more magnetic than the average cerebral cortex in each of the seven studied cases. Although exceptions existed, the reproducible magnetization patterns lead us to conclude that magnetite is preferentially partitioned in the human brain, specifically in the cerebellum and brain stem.
KW  - brain
KW  - neurophysiology
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233035
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gotru, Sanjeev Kiran
A1  - van Geffen, Johanna P.
A1  - Nagy, Magdolna
A1  - Mammadova-Bach, Elmina
A1  - Eilenberger, Julia
A1  - Volz, Julia
A1  - Manukjan, Georgi
A1  - Schulze, Harald
A1  - Wagner, Leonard
A1  - Eber, Stefan
A1  - Schambeck, Christian
A1  - Deppermann, Carsten
A1  - Brouns, Sanne
A1  - Nurden, Paquita
A1  - Greinacher, Andreas
A1  - Sachs, Ulrich
A1  - Nieswandt, Bernhard
A1  - Hermanns, Heike M.
A1  - Heemskerk, Johan W. M.
A1  - Braun, Attila
T1  - Defective Zn2+ homeostasis in mouse and human platelets with α- and δ-storage pool diseases
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Zinc (Zn2+) can modulate platelet and coagulation activation pathways, including fibrin formation. Here, we studied the (patho)physiological consequences of abnormal platelet Zn2+ storage and release. To visualize Zn2+ storage in human and mouse platelets, the Zn2+ specific fluorescent dye FluoZin3 was used. In resting platelets, the dye transiently accumulated into distinct cytosolic puncta, which were lost upon platelet activation. Platelets isolated from Unc13d−/− mice, characterized by combined defects of α/δ granular release, showed a markedly impaired Zn2+ release upon activation. Platelets from Nbeal2−/− mice mimicking Gray platelet syndrome (GPS), characterized by primarily loss of the α-granule content, had strongly reduced Zn2+ levels, which was also confirmed in primary megakaryocytes. In human platelets isolated from patients with GPS, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) and Storage Pool Disease (SPD) altered Zn2+ homeostasis was detected. In turbidity and flow based assays, platelet-dependent fibrin formation was impaired in both Nbeal2−/− and Unc13d−/− mice, and the impairment could be partially restored by extracellular Zn2+. Altogether, we conclude that the release of ionic Zn2+ store from secretory granules upon platelet activation contributes to the procoagulant role of Zn2+ in platelet-dependent fibrin formation.
KW  - coagulation system
KW  - metals
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227455
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gore, Lia
A1  - Locatelli, Franco
A1  - Zugmaier, Gerhard
A1  - Handgretinger, Rupert
A1  - O'Brien, Maureen M.
A1  - Bader, Peter
A1  - Bhojwani, Deepa
A1  - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt
A1  - Tuglus, Catherine A.
A1  - Stackelberg, Arend von
T1  - Survival after blinatumomab treatment in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
JF  - Blood Cancer Journal
N2  - no abstract available
KW  - acute lymphocytic leukaemia
KW  - immunotherapy
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230726
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franchini, Paolo
A1  - Jones, Julia C.
A1  - Xiong, Peiwen
A1  - Kneitz, Susanne
A1  - Gompert, Zachariah
A1  - Warren, Wesley C.
A1  - Walter, Ronald B.
A1  - Meyer, Axel
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Long-term experimental hybridisation results in the evolution of a new sex chromosome in swordtail fish
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms known in fish may be fuelled by exceptionally high rates of sex chromosome turnovers or transitions. However, the evolutionary causes and genomic mechanisms underlying this variation and instability are yet to be understood. Here we report on an over 30-year evolutionary experiment in which we tested the genomic consequences of hybridisation and selection between two Xiphophorus fish species with different sex chromosome systems. We find that introgression and imposing selection for pigmentation phenotypes results in the retention of an unexpectedly large maternally derived genomic region. During the hybridisation process, the sex-determining region of the X chromosome from one parental species was translocated to an autosome in the hybrids leading to the evolution of a new sex chromosome. Our results highlight the complexity of factors contributing to patterns observed in hybrid genomes, and we experimentally demonstrate that hybridisation can catalyze rapid evolution of a new sex chromosome.
KW  - evolutionary genetics
KW  - experimental evolution
KW  - genome evolution
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228396
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Stürzebecher, Paulina Elena
T1  - Die Rolle von LASP1 in der Pathogenese der Atherosklerose im murinen Modell
T1  - The role of LASP1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in mice
N2  - Das regulatorische Gerüst-Protein LASP1, welches aus der Krebsforschung bekannt ist, wurde 2012 in humanen Makrophagen, den Protagonisten der Atherosklerose nachgewiesen. LASP1 ist durch seine Lokalisation an dynamischen Aktinskelettkonstruktionen (vgl. Invadopodien, Podosomen), nachweislich an Zellmigration, Proliferation und Invasionsfähigkeit bestimmter Tumorzellen beteiligt. Aufgrund einer großen Schnittmenge der Entstehungsmechanismen und zugrundeliegenden Signalwegen von Krebserkrankungen und Atherosklerose wurde LASP1 im Zusammenhang der Atherosklerose untersucht. In einem 16 Wochen Hochfettdiätversuch zeigten LASP1.Ldlr-/--Mäuse mehr atherosklerotische Läsionen in der Gesamtaorta als Ldlr-/--Tiere, was eine athero-protektive Rolle von LASP1 nahelegt. Passend hierzu führte Stimulation mit oxLDL in Makrophagen zu einer Hochregulation von LASP1. Zusätzlich internalisierten LASP1-/--Makrophagen signifikant mehr oxLDL im Vergleich zu LASP1-exprimierenden Zellen. Analog zu den Daten aus der Krebsforschung konnte eine reduzierte endotheliale Adhäsion sowie chemotaktische Migration von Ldlr.LASP1-/--Monozyten im Vergleich zu Ldlr-/-- Monozyten festgestellt werden. Dies ließe isoliert betrachtet eine pro-atherogene Rolle von LASP1 vermuten. Ein Nachweis von LASP1 im Zellkern von BMDMs konnte, zusätzlich zum fehlenden Shuttelproteinpartner ZO-2, nicht erbracht werden. Die Interaktion von LASP1 mit Transkriptionsfaktoren scheint daher unwahrscheinlich. Kongruent mit diesen Ergebnissen zeigte sich keine Veränderung der Transkription, der Proteinexpression sowie Sekretion von TNF! und ADAM17 durch den LASP1-KO. Insgesamt kommt LASP1 eine zweifellos komplexe Rolle in der Atherogenese zu. Die Ergebnisse der HFD-Versuche legen nahe, dass die primär anti-atherosklerotischen Einflüsse von LASP1 in vivo gegenüber den eher pro-atherosklerotischen Effekten des Proteins in vitro überwiegen.
N2  - As of today, the regulatory scaffold protein LASP1 is mainly known from cancer research. Through its localization at dynamic actin skeletal constructs (cf. invadopodia, podosomes), LASP1 has been shown to be involved in cell migration, proliferation, and invasiveness of certain tumor cells. In 2012, LASP1 was detected in human macrophages, the protagonists of atherosclerosis. Because of a large intersection of mechanisms and signaling pathways of cancer and atherosclerosis, we further explored the role of LASP1 in the context of atherosclerosis. In a 16-week high-fat diet experiment, LASP1.Ldlr-/- mice showed more atherosclerotic lesions in the total aorta than Ldlr-/- animals, suggesting an athero-protective role of LASP1. In vitro, LASP1-/- macrophages internalized significantly more oxLDL than LASP1 positive cells. LASP1 did not shuttle in the nucleus of bone marrow derived macrophages. Thus, the interaction of LASP1 with transcription factors seems unlikely. Congruent with these results, LASP1-KO had no effects on the transcription, protein expression, or secretion of TNFα and ADAM17.

In accordance with the data from cancer research, reduced endothelial adhesion as well as chemotactic migration of Ldlr.LASP1-/- monocytes was detected compared to Ldlr-/-- monocytes. These findings on the other hand would suggest a pro-atherogenic role of LASP1.

Overall, LASP1 undoubtedly has a complex role in atherogenesis. The results of the HFD experiments suggest that the primarily anti-atherosclerotic influences of LASP1 in vivo predominate over the more pro-atherosclerotic effects of the protein in vitro.
KW  - Arteriosklerose
KW  - Schaumzelle
KW  - Maus
KW  - Monozyt
KW  - lasp
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239353
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Friedrich, Anna-Lena
T1  - FoxO3-mediated, inhibitory effects of CNP on the profibrotic activation of lung fibroblasts
T1  - FoxO3-vermittelte, hemmende Wirkungen von CNP auf die profibrotische Aktivierung von Lungenfibroblasten
N2  - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive parenchymal lung disease with limited therapeutic treatments. Pathologically altered lung fibroblasts, called myofibroblasts, exhibit increased proliferation, migration, and collagen production, and drive IPF development and progression. Fibrogenic factors such as Platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) contribute to these pathological alterations. Endogenous counter-regulating factors are barely known. Published studies have described a protective role of exogenously administered C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) in pathological tissue remodeling, for example in heart and liver fibrosis. CNP and its cyclic GMP producing guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B) receptor are expressed in the lungs, but it is unknown whether CNP can attenuate lung fibrosis by this pathway. To address this question, we performed studies in primary cultured lung fibroblasts.
To examine the effects of the CNP/GC-B pathway on PDGF-BB-induced collagen 
production, proliferation, and migration in vitro, lung fibroblasts were cultured from wildtype control and GC-B knockout mice. Human lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF and healthy controls were obtained from the UGMLC Biobank. In RIA experiments, CNP, at 10nM and 100nM, markedly and similarly increased cGMP levels in both the murine and human lung fibroblasts, demonstrating GC-B/cGMP signaling. CNP reduced PDGF-BB induced proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts in BrdU incorporation and gap closure assays, respectively. CNP strongly decreased PDGF-BB-induced collagen 1/3 expression as measured by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Importantly, the protective actions of CNP were preserved in IPF fibroblasts. It is known that the profibrotic actions of PDGF-BB are partly mediated by phosphorylation and nuclear export of Forkhead Box O3 (FoxO3), a transcription factor downregulated in IPF. CNP prevented PDGF-BB elicited FoxO3 phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion in both murine and human control and IPF fibroblasts. CNP signaling and functions were abolished in GC-B-deficient lung fibroblasts. 
Taken together, the results show that CNP moderates the PDGF-BB-induced activation and differentiation of human and murine lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This effect is mediated CNP-dependent by GC-B/cGMP signaling and FoxO3 regulation. To follow up the patho-physiological relevance of these results, we are generating mice with fibroblast-restricted GC-B deletion for studies in the model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
N2  - Idiopathische pulmonale Fibrose (IPF) ist eine progressiv fortschreitende, parenchymale Lungenerkrankung mit beschränkten therapeutischen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. 
Pathologisch veränderte Lungenfibroblasten, sogenannte Myofibroblasten, zeigen eine verstärkte Proliferation, Migration und Kollagenproduktion, die zu einem permanenten Fortschreiten der Erkrankung führen. Während fibrogene Faktoren wie Platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) zu dieser pathologischen Veränderung beitragen, sind endogene Faktoren, die diesem Wandel entgegenwirken, kaum bekannt. Allerdings konnten Studien bereits eine protektive Wirkung von exogen verabreichten C-typ natriuretischen Peptid (CNP) auf krankhaft verändertes Gewebe beschreiben, wie beispielsweise bei Herz- und Leberfibrose. Es ist bekannt, dass CNP und sein cGMP produzierender Rezeptor Guanylyl-Cyclase-B Rezeptor (GC-B) in der Lunge exprimiert werden. Allerdings konnte noch nicht nachgewiesen werden, ob CNP durch diesen Signalweg den Fortschritt einer Lungenfibrose verzögern kann. Um dies herauszufinden, wurden Experimente mit kultivierten, primären Lungenfibroblasten durchgeführt. 
Um die Effekte des CNP/ GC-B Signalwegs auf die PDGF-BB induzierte Kollagenproduktion, Proliferation und Migration in vitro zu überprüfen, wurden 
Lungenfibroblasten von Kontroll- und GC-B-Knock-Out Mäusen kultiviert. Weiterhin 
erhielten wir von der UGMLC Biobank menschliche Fibroblasten von IPF-erkrankten
Patienten, sowie gesunde Kontrollfibroblasten. Zur Bestätigung der Funktionalität des GC-B/cGMP Weges, wurde in murinen und humanen Fibroblasten mithilfe eines RIAs 
ein durch CNP (10nM und 100nM) deutlich erhöhtes cGMP-Level gemessen. CNP reduzierte die durch PDGF-BB induzierte Beschleunigung von Proliferation und 
Migration der Lungenfibroblasten, was mit Hilfe von BrdU incorporation und Gap closure assay nachgewiesen wurde. Ebenfalls zeigten Immunocytochemistrie und -blotting, dass CNP den PDGF-BB induzierten Anstieg an Kollagenexpression verhindert. Somit wurde festgestellt, dass der schützende Effekt von CNP auch in IPF Fibroblasten erhalten bleibt. Weiterhin ist bekannt, dass die PDGF-BB-induzierten, profibrotischen Veränderungen durch Phosphorylierung und Export des Transkriptionsfaktors Forkhead Box O3 (FoxO3) aus dem Zellkern vermittelt werden, welcher in IPF Fibroblasten vermindert exprimiert ist. CNP verhindert diese PDGF-BB aktivierte Phosphorylierung und Translokation in murinen und humanen Kontroll- und IPF-Fibroblasten. In Lungenfibroblasten mit Deletion des GC-B- Rezeptors war das CNP-Signal und auch dessen Effekt ausgelöscht. 
Zusammengefasst zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass CNP die PDGF-BB induzierte Aktivierung und Differenzierung von menschlichen und murinen Lungenfibroblasten zu Myofibroblasten beeinflusst. Dieser Effekt wird CNP-abhängig durch den GC-B/cGMP 
Signalweg und durch die Regulierung von FoxO3 vermittelt. Um abschließend die 
pathophysiologische Relevanz dieser Erkenntnisse zu zeigen, werden zukünftig Mäuse 
mit einer fibroblasten-spezifischen Deletion des GC-B Rezeptors für Studien in 
Bleomycin-induzierter Lungenfibrose genutzt.
KW  - Idiopathische pulmonale Fibrose
KW  - Transkriptionsfaktor
KW  - Natriuretisches Hormon
KW  - C-type natriuretic peptide
KW  - FoxO3
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359845
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Menger, Kristina Rebekka
T1  - Bauchlagerung für nicht-intubierte ARDS- und COVID-19 Patient/innen: eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
T1  - Prone Positioning for non-intubated ARDS and COVID-19 patients: a systematic review
N2  - Die Bauchlagerung von intubierten ARDS-Patient/innen mit einer schlechten Oxygenierung wird laut Leitlinie seit mehreren Jahren als supportive Therapiemaßnahme empfohlen. Im Rahmen der COVID-19 Pandemie wurde nun erstmalig die Bauchlagerung auch bei hypoxämischen, nicht-intubierten Patient/innen untersucht. Diese Fragestellung wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit mittels einer systematischen Übersichtsarbeit betrachtet. Aufgrund der aktuellen Pandemiesituation wurden neben ARDS-Patient/innen im Allgemeinen insbesondere COVID-19 Patient/innen mit einem akuten Lungenversagen als Subgruppe untersucht. 
Am 21.11.2020 wurde eine systematische Suche nach Studien in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register und Living Overview of the Evidence  platform durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden, wo möglich, in Form einer Meta-Analyse zusammengefasst, in Tabellen darstellt oder deskriptiv beschrieben. Das Risiko für Bias wurde jeweils für die eingeschlossenen kontrollierten Studien mittels ROBINS-I beurteilt. Die Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Evidenz der gesamten Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des GRADE-Ansatzes untersucht. 
Insgesamt wurden 30 Studien eingeschlossen, davon 4 kontrollierte Studien,  keine RCTs. In 3 der kontrollierten Studien wurde die Bauchlagerung bei COVID-19 Patient/innen untersucht, in einer bei Patient/innen mit einem anderweitig verursachten ARDS. Es ist unklar, ob die Bauchlagerung die Intubationsrate (RR = 0,92; 95% KI: 0,59 - 1,44; I² = 65%; sehr niedrige Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Evidenz), die Mortalität (RR = 0,55; 95% KI: 0,23 - 1,30; I² = 60%; sehr niedrige Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Evidenz) und die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation (RR = 0,94; 95% KI: 0,54 - 1,63; I2  = 71%; sehr niedrige Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Evidenz) verringern kann. Auch für die anderen betrachteten Endpunkte konnte kein signifikanter Effekt der Bauchlagerung nachgewiesen werden  Im Vergleich der Subgruppen „Nicht-COVID-19“ (8 Studien) und „COVID-19“ (22 Studien) konnten in Bezug auf alle betrachteten Endpunkte keine relevanten Unterschiede festgestellt werden. 
Insgesamt ist die Evidenz nicht ausreichend, um Vor- und Nachteile der Bauchlagerung für nicht-intubierte ARDS Patient/innen gegenüber der üblichen Rückenlagerung aufzuzeigen und diese für die Praxis zu empfehlen.
N2  - Prone positioning of intubated ARDS patients with poor oxygenation has been recommended as a supportive therapy for several years. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, prone positioning has now been investigated for the first time in hypoxemic, non-intubated patients. This issue was examined by our systematic review. Because of the current pandemic situation, we assessed the effects of prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure in particular as a subgroup in addition to ARDS patients in general. 
A systematic search for studies was performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and Living Overview of the Evidence platform databases on 21 November 2020. Where possible, results were analyzed in the form of meta-analysis, presented in tables, or described descriptively. Risk of bias was assessed for each of the included controlled studies using ROBINS-I. The quality of evidence for the entire systematic review was assessed using the GRADE approach. 
A total of 30 studies were included, 4 of which were controlled trials, but no RCTs. 3 of the controlled trials investigated prone positioning in COVID-19 patients, one trial in patients with ARDS caused by other means. It is unclear whether prone positioning can reduce intubation rate (RR =0.92; 95% CI: 0.59-1.44; I²=65%; very low quality evidence), mortality (RR =0.55; 95% CI: 0.23-1.30; I²=60%; very low quality evidence), and the likelihood of ICU admission (RR =0.94; 95% CI: 0.54-1.63; I2 =71%; very low quality evidence). No significant effect of prone positioning was demonstrated for the other outcomes considered either. When comparing the "non-COVID-19" (8 studies) and "COVID-19" (22 studies) subgroups, no relevant differences were found for all outcomes assessed. 
Overall, the evidence is insufficient to demonstrate benefits and harms of prone positioning for non-intubated ARDS patients compared with usual care and to translate the results into practice.
KW  - Bauchlage
KW  - ARDS
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Nicht-invasive Beatmung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359865
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Hajduk, Maurice Martin
T1  - Darf es etwas mehr sein? Neuroenhancement im Studium – eine Befragung an Würzburger Hochschulen
T1  - Can it be a little more? Neuroenhancement during studies - a survey at Würzburg universities
N2  - Neuroenhancement (NE) bezeichnet die Einnahme psychotroper Substanzen mit dem Ziel der geistigen Leistungssteigerung oder Beruhigung. NE wird durch gesunde Perso- nen genutzt. Es besteht somit keine Indikation zur Einnahme psychotroper Wirkstoffe. Zum NE genutzte Substanzen sind z.B. Koffeintabletten, verschreibungspflichtige Medi- kamente oder illegale Substanzen. Die bisherige Forschung findet Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen NE und ADHS-Symptomen, einigen Aspekten psychischer Gesundheit, sowie Substanzkonsum. Bisher gibt es keine Forschung zu NE am Hoch- schulstandort Würzburg.
Es wurde eine anonyme online Querschnittsbefragung im ersten Quartal 2021 durchge- führt. Eingeladen waren 5600 Studierende der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg und der Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Würzburg Schweinfurt. Der Frage- bogen bestand aus 53 Items und enthielt u. a. die folgenden validierten Messinstrumente: ASRS, PSS-10, PHQ-4 und AUDIT-C.
Die Response Rate lag bei 18% (n = 1011). Das Wissen über NE war weit unter den Stu- dierenden verbreitet. Die Prävalenz für Neuroenhancement im Studium lag bei 12.7%. Die drei meistgenannten Substanzen waren Koffeintabletten (6.6%), Cannabis (4.5%) und Methylphenidat (4.3%). Häufigster Anlass für NE war die Prüfungsvorbereitung. Es zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Fachbereichen, u.a. hinsichtlich der Prävalenz von NE. ADHS-Symptomen, Stress, Ängstlichkeit, und Depressivität waren positiv mit NE assoziiert. Ein stärkerer Effekt ergab sich für den Zusammenhang zwi- schen NE und riskanten Alkoholkonsum bzw. Tabakkonsum. Diese Ergebnisse wurden durch eine binomial logistische Regression bestätigt.
Die konsumierten Substanzen, das Wissen über NE, die Prävalenz von NE und die Gründe für dessen Nutzung fügen sich nahtlos in die bisherige Forschung ein. Auch die Assoziation zwischen ADHS-Symptomen, Stress, Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität, riskan- tem Alkoholkonsum und Tabakkonsum bestätigt bisherige Forschungsergebnisse.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass rund ein Zehntel der Studierenden NE bereits genutzt haben. In Anbetracht der gesundheitlichen Gefahren, die mit NE einhergehen ist die Etab- lierung bzw. der Ausbau von Aufklärung-, Beratungs- und Hilfsangeboten für Studie- rende anzustreben sowie weitere Forschung zum Thema indiziert.
N2  - Neuroenhancement (NE) refers to the use of psychotropic substances with the aim of increasing mental performance or calming down. NE is used by healthy people. There is therefore no indication to take psychotropic substances. Substances used for NE include caffeine tablets, prescription drugs or illegal substances. Research has found evidence of a link between NE and ADHD symptoms, some aspects of mental health, and substance use. Up to now there has been no research on NE at the Würzburg university site. An anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the first quarter of 2021. 5,600 students from Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg and the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg Schweinfurt were invited to participate. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items and included the following validated screening instruments: ASRS, PSS-10, PHQ-4 and AUDIT-C. The response rate was 18% (n = 1011). Knowledge about NE was widespread among the students. The prevalence of neuroenhancement during studies was 12.7%. The three most frequently mentioned substances were caffeine tablets (6.6%), cannabis (4.5%) and methylphenidate (4.3%). The most common reason for NE was exam preparation. There were clear differences between the subject areas, especially with regard to the prevalence of NE. ADHD symptoms, stress, anxiety and depression were positively associated with NE. A stronger effect was found for the relationship between NE and risky alcohol consumption or tobacco use. These results were confirmed by binomial logistic regression. The substances consumed, the knowledge about NE, the prevalence of NE and the reasons for its use fit in seamlessly with previous research. The association between ADHD symptoms, stress, anxiety, depression, risky alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption also confirms previous research findings. It was shown that around a tenth of students have already used NE. In view of the health risks associated with NE, the establishment or expansion of educational programs, counseling and support services for students is desirable and further research on the topic is indicated.
KW  - Psychische Gesundheit
KW  - Neuroenhancement
KW  - Cognitive Enhancement
KW  - Brain doping
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359812
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Hammel, Clara
T1  - Einfluss longitudinaler Veränderungen der linksventrikulären Ejektionsfraktion auf das Langzeitüberleben bei Herzinsuffizienzpatienten mit leicht reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion oder reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion
T1  - Impact of longitudinal changes in left ventricular ejection fraction on outcomes of patients with mid-range ejection fraction and reduced ejection
N2  - Diese retrospektive Studie an der Universitätsklinik Würzburg diente der Beurteilung der longitudinalen Funktion in Bezug auf die Gesamtmortalität bei Patienten mit HFmrEF und HFrEF. Die Gruppierung erfolgte anhand der jeweiligen Baseline LVEF. Eine weitere Unterteilung erfolgte in eine ischämische oder nicht-ischämische Genese der HF. Die Subgruppen wurden anhand der Baseline klinischen Charakteristika sowie der echokardiographischen Parameter verglichen. Hier ließ sich ein relativ ähnliches Patientenklientel mit vergleichbarem Alter, Geschlecht, BMI sowie kardialen Risikofaktoren zeigen. Signifikante Unterschiede ergab der Vergleich des NYHA-Stadiums, der Nierenfunktion sowie des Auftretens von Myokardinfarkten. 
Die Veränderung der LVEF über die Zeit hat einen zentralen Stellenwert zur Evaluation des Outcomes von Patienten mit HFmrEF und HFrEF. Eine Verbesserung der LVEF fand sich signifikant häufiger bei HFrEF Patienten als bei HFmrEF Patienten, welche über die Zeit signifikant häufiger eine stabile LVEF aufwiesen. 
Außerdem war nach Auswertung der Überlebenskurven nach Kaplan-Meier in HFmrEF Patienten eine verbesserte oder unveränderte LVEF über die Zeit mit einem besseren Überleben verbunden, vor allem bei Patienten mit ischämischer Ätiologie. In der HFrEF Gruppe konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl Patienten mit ischämischer als auch mit nicht-ischämischer Ätiologie bei Vorliegen einer verbesserten oder unveränderten LVEF über die Zeit ein besseres Outcome aufwiesen. 
Eine erniedrigte MAPSE bedeutete vor allem bei HFmrEF Patienten mit nicht-ischämischer Ätiologie ein schlechteres Outcome.
Die Ergebnisse dienten unter anderem der weiteren Charakterisierung der HFmrEF und HFrEF Gruppe sowie der Identifikation von Faktoren zur Beurteilung der Veränderung der LVEF über die Zeit und der Prognose des Langzeitüberlebens beider Gruppen. Ziel für die Zukunft sollte sein, auch für HFmrEF Patienten evidenzbasierte Herzinsuffizienz Therapien zu etablieren.
N2  - This retrospective study at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg was designed to assess longitudinal function in relation to all-cause mortality in patients with HFmrEF and HFrEF. The grouping was based on the respective baseline LVEF. A further subdivision was made using coronary angiographic data into ischemic or non-ischemic genesis of HF. The subgroups were compared on the basis of baseline clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters. This revealed a relatively similar patient cohort with comparable age, gender, BMI and cardiac risk factors. Significant differences were found in the comparison of NYHA stage, renal function and the occurrence of myocardial infarction. 
The change in LVEF over time is of central importance for evaluating the outcome of patients with HFmrEF and HFrEF. An improvement in LVEF was significantly more common in HFrEF patients than in HFmrEF patients, who were significantly more likely to have a stable LVEF over time.
Furthermore, according to the Kaplan-Meier survival curves in HFmrEF patients, improved or unchanged LVEF over time was associated with better survival, especially in patients with ischemic etiology. In the HFrEF group, it was shown that both patients with ischemic and non-ischemic etiology had a better outcome with improved or unchanged LVEF over time.
A lower MAPSE was associated with a worse outcome, especially in HFmrEF patients with non-ischemic etiology.
The results were used, among other things, to further characterize the HFmrEF and HFrEF groups and to identify factors for evaluating the change in LVEF over time and the prognosis of long-term survival in both groups. The aim for the future should be to establish evidence-based heart failure therapies for HFmrEF patients as well.
KW  - Transthorakale Echokardiographie
KW  - Herzinsuffizienz
KW  - MAPSE
KW  - HFmrEF
KW  - HFrEF
KW  - Langzeitüberleben
KW  - leicht reduzierte Herzinsuffizienz
KW  - reduzierte Herzinsuffizienz
KW  - longitudinale Funktion
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-360025
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Allert, Stefanie
A1  - Förster, Toni M.
A1  - Svensson, Carl-Magnus
A1  - Richardson, Jonathan P.
A1  - Pawlik, Tony
A1  - Hebecker, Betty
A1  - Rudolphi, Sven
A1  - Juraschitz, Marc
A1  - Schaller, Martin
A1  - Blagojevic, Mariana
A1  - Morschhäuser, Joachim
A1  - Figge, Marc Thilo
A1  - Jacobsen, Ilse D.
A1  - Naglik, Julian R.
A1  - Kasper, Lydia
A1  - Mogavero, Selene
A1  - Hube, Bernhard
T1  - \(Candida\) \(albicans\)-Induced Epithelial Damage Mediates Translocation through Intestinal Barriers
JF  - mBio
N2  - Life-threatening systemic infections often occur due to the translocation of pathogens across the gut barrier and into the bloodstream. While the microbial and host mechanisms permitting bacterial gut translocation are well characterized, these mechanisms are still unclear for fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, a leading cause of nosocomial fungal bloodstream infections. In this study, we dissected the cellular mechanisms of translocation of C. albicans across intestinal epithelia in vitro and identified fungal genes associated with this process. We show that fungal translocation is a dynamic process initiated by invasion and followed by cellular damage and loss of epithelial integrity. A screen of >2,000 C. albicans deletion mutants identified genes required for cellular damage of and translocation across enterocytes. Correlation analysis suggests that hypha formation, barrier damage above a minimum threshold level, and a decreased epithelial integrity are required for efficient fungal translocation. Translocation occurs predominantly via a transcellular route, which is associated with fungus-induced necrotic epithelial damage, but not apoptotic cell death. The cytolytic peptide toxin of C. albicans, candidalysin, was found to be essential for damage of enterocytes and was a key factor in subsequent fungal translocation, suggesting that transcellular translocation of C. albicans through intestinal layers is mediated by candidalysin. However, fungal invasion and low-level translocation can also occur via non-transcellular routes in a candidalysin-independent manner. This is the first study showing translocation of a human-pathogenic fungus across the intestinal barrier being mediated by a peptide toxin. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans, usually a harmless fungus colonizing human mucosae, can cause lethal bloodstream infections when it manages to translocate across the intestinal epithelium. This can result from antibiotic treatment, immune dysfunction, or intestinal damage (e.g., during surgery). However, fungal processes may also contribute. In this study, we investigated the translocation process of C. albicans using in vitro cell culture models. Translocation occurs as a stepwise process starting with invasion, followed by epithelial damage and loss of epithelial integrity. The ability to secrete candidalysin, a peptide toxin deriving from the hyphal protein Ece1, is key: C. albicans hyphae, secreting candidalysin, take advantage of a necrotic weakened epithelium to translocate through the intestinal layer.
KW  - Candida albicans
KW  - candidalysin
KW  - host cell damage
KW  - host cell invasion
KW  - intestinal barrier
KW  - necrosis
KW  - translocation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221084
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bredemeyer, Cynthia Natascha
T1  - Akademisierung und Professionalisierung der Zahnheilkunde, insbesondere der Zahnchirurgie, in Würzburg und Unterfranken im 19. Jahrhundert
T1  - The dental surgical instrument collection of the Juliusspital in Würzburg: The professionalization of dentistry, especially the dental surgery in 19th century Würzburg and Franconia / Bavaria
N2  - Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Akademisierung und Professionalisierung der Zahnheilkunde, insbesondere der Zahnchirurgie, in Würzburg und Unterfranken im 19. Jahrhundert. Dies wurde insbesondere anhand des zahnchirurgischen Teils der Lehrchirurgischen Instrumentensammlung der Universität Würzburg bzw. des Juliusspitals erforscht. Der zahnchirurgische Teil der Instrumentensammlung war bisher noch nicht erforscht worden und besteht aktuell aus 34+1 Instrumenten, die für diese Arbeit komplett katalogisiert wurden. Für die Entwicklung der Instrumente im Verlauf des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde die Provenienz der Teilsammlung ergründet und diese in den Kontext der Akademisierungsbewegung des 19. Jahrhunderts eingeordnet.  
Die Forschung wurde anhand der tatsächlich in der Praxis tätigen und nach und nach akademisch ausgebildeten Personen nachvollzogen. Hierzu wurden neben den Instrumenten als Quelle die Adressbücher der Stadt Würzburg und die Matrikel-, Personal- und Vorlesungsverzeichnisse der Universität Würzburg des gesamten 19. Jahrhunderts systematisch durchgearbeitet. Außerdem wurden Lehrbücher aus dem nichtakademischen zahnchirurigischen Bereich (Bader) mit denen aus dem sich beginnenden akademischen Bereich analysiert. Anhand dieser Forschungsarbeit konnte dargelegt werden, dass die Zahnchirurgie sich analog zur Chiurgie aus dem handwerklichen Bereich abgekoppelt und nach und nach auf verschiedenen Stufen akademisiert hat. Die Zahnchirurgie hat sich "von unten nach oben" durch das Bestreben nichtakademisch ausgebildeter Menschen akademisiert.
N2  - The thesis deals with the academization and professionalization of dentistry, especially dental surgery, in Würzburg and lower Franconia in the 19th century. This was researched in particular on the basis of the dental surgical part of the surgical instrument collection of the University of Würzburg and the Juliusspital. The dental surgical part of the instrument collection had not yet been researched and currently consists of 34+1 instruments, which were completely catalogued for this work. For the development of the instruments over the course of the 19th century, the provenance of the partial collection was investigated and placed in the context of the academization movement of the 19th century. The research was traced on the basis of the people who actually worked in the field and were gradually trained academically. In addition to the instruments as sources, the address books of the city of Würzburg and the matriculation, personnel and lecture directories of the University of Würzburg for the entire 19th century were systematically analyzed. In addition, textbooks from the non-academic dental surgery field (so called "Bader") were analyzed with those from the emerging academic field. On the basis of this research, it was possible to demonstrate that dental surgery, like surgery, separated itself from the craft sector and gradually became academicized at various stages. Dental surgery has developed and academized "from bottom up" due to efforts of non-academic trained people.
KW  - Zahnchirurgie
KW  - Akademisierung
KW  - Professionalisierung
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Lehrchirurgische Sammlung
KW  - Juliusspital Würzburg
KW  - 19. Jahrhundert
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363878
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Papay, Marion
T1  - Notwendigkeit der präoperativen Reposition von distalen, nach dorsal dislozierten Radiusfrakturen bei bestehender Operationsindikation im Hinblick auf das Schmerzniveau sowie postoperative Ergebnisse
T1  - Necessity of preoperative closed reduction of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures with existing surgical indication with regard to the pain level and postoperative results
N2  - Die distale Radiusfraktur gehört zu den häufigsten Frakturen in Deutschland mit einem Inzidenzanstieg im Alter unter Betonung des weiblichen Geschlechts. Dabei zeigt sich ein zunehmender Trend in Richtung operative Versorgung, allen voran die Versorgung mittels winkelstabiler Plattensysteme. Instabile, distale Radiusfrakturen werden dabei vor geplanter operativer Versorgung im Rahmen der Initialbehandlung üblicherweise geschlossen reponiert und im Gipsverband retiniert. Ziel der vorliegenden monozentrischen, prospektiv randomisierten Studie mit zwei Studiengruppen war es herauszufinden, ob sich das Unterlassen der Reposition vor geplanter Operation nachteilig auf das Schmerzniveau in der präoperativen Phase auswirkt und ob sich durch die Dislokation Nachteile in Bezug auf den Nervus medianus im Sinne eines Traktionsschadens sowie bezüglich des klinisch-radiologischen Ausheilungsergebnisses zeigen.
Die Studie zeigte, dass das Schmerzempfinden während der präoperativen Gipsbehandlung unabhängig von einer vorherigen Reposition war. Für den primären Endpunkt an Tag 1 nach der Akutbehandlung konnte statistisch signifikante Nichtunterlegenheit der Gruppe ohne Reposition gegenüber der Gruppe mit Reposition nachgewiesen werden. Gleiches galt für Tag 2, sowohl für die absoluten Schmerzniveaus als auch für die Schmerzlinderung.
Das Unterlassen der Reposition hatte zudem keine nachteiligen Effekte auf den Nervus medianus.
Gleiches zeigte sich für das klinische und radiologische Ausheilungsergebnis. Für die funktionellen DASH- und Krimmer-Scores konnte ein Jahr postoperativ ebenfalls statistisch signifikante Nichtunterlegenheit der Gruppe ohne Reposition nachgewiesen werden.
Diese Erkenntnisse bestätigen die in der Literatur vorhandenen Ergebnisse verschiedener Studien dahingehend, dass das Unterlassen der Reposition keine nachteiligen Effekte auf das postoperative Outcome hat. Einige Studien verdeutlichen zudem, dass es nach Reposition, insbesondere bei Vorliegen gewisser Risiko- und Instabilitätsfaktoren, ohnehin zur sekundären Dislokation kommt, sodass die generelle Notwendigkeit der Reposition vor Gipsanlage sowohl vor einer operativen als auch vor einer konservativen Weiterbehandlung angezweifelt werden
muss.
N2  - The distal radius fracture is one of the most common fractures in Germany, with an increase in incidence with age and an emphasis on the female sex. There is an increasing trend towards surgical treatment, above all treatments using locking plate systems. Prior to planned surgical treatment, unstable, distal radius fractures are usually reduced in a closed manner as part of the initial treatment and are retained in a plaster cast. The aim of the present monocentric, prospective randomized study with two study groups was to find out whether omitting reduction before planned surgery has a negative effect on the pain level in the preoperative phase and whether the dislocation has disadvantages with regard to the median nerve in terms of traction damage and with regard to the clinical and radiological healing result. The study showed that the sensation of pain during preoperative plaster treatment was independent of previous reduction. For the primary endpoint on day 1 after acute treatment, statistically significant non-inferiority of the group without reduction compared to the group with reduction was demonstrated. The same was true for day 2, both for absolute pain levels and pain relief. The omission of the reduction also had no adverse effects on the median nerve. The same was shown for the clinical and radiological healing results. For the functional DASH and Krimmer scores, statistically significant non-inferiority of the group without reduction was also demonstrated one year postoperatively. These findings confirm the results of various studies in the literature to the effect that omitting reduction has no detrimental effects on the postoperative outcome. Some studies also make it clear that secondary dislocation occurs anyway after reduction, especially in the presence of certain risk and instability factors, so that the general necessity of reduction prior to plaster application must be questioned both before surgical and conservative further treatment.
KW  - distale Radiusfraktur
KW  - Reposition
KW  - geschlossene präoperative Reposition
KW  - präoperatives Schmerzniveau
KW  - distale instabile Radiusfraktur
KW  - preoperative closed reduction
KW  - preoperative pain level
KW  - unstable distal radius fracture
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363882
N1  - Erstellung der Disseration an folgendem Institut:

Abteilung für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim
Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Würzburg
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Krings, Moritz
T1  - Universitäre Psychiatrie um 1900 : Die Anfangsjahre der psychiatrischen Klinik in Würzburg
T1  - University psychiatry around 1900 : The early years of the psychiatric clinic in Würzburg
N2  - Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts standen sich in Deutschland zwei verschiedene Arten psychiatrischer Institutionen gegenüber, die Anstaltspsychiatrien auf der einen, die universitären psychiatrischen Kliniken auf der anderen Seite. Die psychiatriehistorische Forschung widmete sich überwiegend psychiatrischen Anstalten während Kliniken hier unterrepräsentiert sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte zur historischen Kenntnis universitärer psychiatrischer Einrichtungen beitragen. Hierzu werden die Charakteristika einer psychiatrischen Klinik um 1900 anhand des Beispiels der psychiatrischen Klinik der Universität Würzburg betrachtet. Der Fokus liegt hierbei neben Lage und Aufbau der Klinik sowie deren Personal auf den drei Bereichen Patient*innen, Forschung und Lehre.
N2  - At the end of the 19th century, there were two different types of psychiatric institutions in Germany: asylums on the one hand and university psychiatric clinics on the other. Research into the history of psychiatry has mainly focused on asylums, while clinics are underrepresented. This study aims to contribute to the historical knowledge of university psychiatric institutions. To this end, the characteristics of a psychiatric clinic around 1900 are examined using the example of the psychiatric clinic at the University of Würzburg. In addition to the location and structure of the clinic and its staff, the focus is on the three main topics of patients, research and teaching.
KW  - Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
KW  - Psychiatrie
KW  - Rieger, Konrad
KW  - Psychiatriegeschichte
KW  - Universitäre Psychiatrie
KW  - History of Psychiatry
KW  - Wuerzburg
KW  - Clinical psychiatry
KW  - University of Wuerzburg
KW  - Würzburg
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-361407
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Zuber, Jonas Maximilian
T1  - Evaluation von Sedierungen und Allgemeinanästhesien zur Durchführung bildgebender Verfahren bei Säuglingen bis zum 6. Lebensmonat
T1  - Evaluation of sedation and general anesthesia for performing imaging procedures in infants up to 6 months of age
N2  - Vorliegende Untersuchung am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg sowie die Befragung von Anästhesisten/Anästhesistinnen im Raum der 3 DACH-Länder zeigen, dass bildgebende Verfahren bei Säuglingen mit einer niedrigen Rate an Komplikationen, zumeist in medikamentöser Sedierung mit Propofol, durchgeführt werden. Wie international üblich ist im Säuglingsalter die Magnetresonanztomographie das bildgebende Verfahren der Wahl und wird, mit überzeugender Häufigkeit, erfolgreich durchgeführt.
Die Untersuchung am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg legt nahe, dass männliche Säuglinge häufiger eine Bildgebung benötigen und häufiger höheren ASA-Kategorie zugeschrieben werden. Dabei scheinen sie auch häufiger Komplikationen zu erleben und bedürfen daher besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Eine eventuelle Alternative zur Sedierung kann dabei die „feed-and-sleep“ Methode darstellen. In unserer Umfrage konnten wir erheben, dass diese Methode bisher wenig verbreitet ist, obwohl in diesem Zusammenhang eventuell Abläufe und Prozesszeiten strukturiert und optimiert werden können, da beispielsweise die Nachüberwachung entfällt. Vorstellbar wäre beispielsweise, mehrere Säuglinge zum gleichen Zeitpunkt ins MRT zu bestellen, um gegebenenfalls den am frühesten eingeschlafenen Säugling vorzuziehen. Diese Methode sollte zukünftig Einzug in die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung von bildgebenden Verfahren bei Säuglingen finden.
Die Umfrage im deutschsprachigen Raum zeigt eine Leitlinien-gerechte Betreuung von Säuglingen für bildgebende Verfahren, die mit einer hohen Qualität, und zumeist erfolgreich von erfahrenen Anästhesisten/Anästhesistinnen durchgeführt wird. Eventuelle Verbesserungen können im Bereich der Ausbildung nachfolgender Ärztinnen/Ärzte und in der häufigeren Verwendung der „feed-and-sleep“ Methode liegen, die vielen Kollegen/Kolleginnen bekannt ist, aber nur selten durchgeführt wird. 
Ziel ist eine qualitativ hochwertige, schnellstmöglich durchgeführte Bildgebung, die ohne oder mit der niedrigst möglichen Dosierung eines sedierenden Medikamentes zu erreichen ist.
N2  - The present study at the University Hospital of Würzburg and the survey of anesthesiologists in the three DACH countries show that imaging procedures are carried out in infants with a low rate of complications, mostly under medical sedation with propofol. As is common practice internationally, magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging method of choice in infancy and is mostly carried out successfully. The study at the University Hospital of Würzburg suggests that male infants require imaging procedures more frequently and are assigned to higher ASA categories in comparison with female infants.They also seem to experience complications more often and therefore require special attention. The “feed and sleep” method can be a potential alternative to sedation. In our survey, we found that this method is not yet used widely, although in this context processes and process times can potentially be restructured and optimized since, for example, follow-up monitoring is no longer necessary. It would be conceivable, for example, to order several infants for an MRI at the same time in order to prioritize the infant who fell asleep earliest. In the future, this method should find its way into the scientific study of imaging procedures in infants. The survey in German-speaking countries shows guideline-compliant care of infants for imaging procedures, which is carried out with high quality and mostly successfully by experienced anesthesiologists. Possible improvements could lie in the education of doctors in training and in the more frequent use of the “feed-and-sleep” method, which is known to many colleagues but is rarely carried out. The goal is a high-quality imaging that is performed as quickly as possible and can be achieved without or with the lowest possible dosage of a sedative medication.
KW  - Sedierung
KW  - Säugling
KW  - Narkose
KW  - Kernspintomografie
KW  - feed-and-sleep
KW  - Umfrage
KW  - Anästhesie
KW  - Monitoring
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-361111
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Dalkmann, Theresa
T1  - Evaluierung prognostischer und prädiktiver Biomarker beim neoadjuvant vorbehandelten Rektumkarzinom
T1  - Evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC)
N2  - Fragestellung. Osteopontin (OPN) kann im Blut nachgewiesen werden und wird bei vielen Tumorentitäten exprimiert,  wie auch der Tyrosinkinaserezeptor c-Met und sein Ligand, das Zytokin Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF).  In der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchten wir die prognostische und prädiktive Wertigkeit der Plasmakonzentrationen von OPN, c-Met und HGF bei Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Rektumkarzinom (LARC). 
Methodik. Das Plasma von 63 Patienten mit LARC wurde untersucht. Die Blutentnahmen (EDTA-Plasma) erfolgten vor Therapiebeginn sowie im Verlauf. Die Plasmaspiegel von OPN, c-Met und HGF wurden mittels Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay analysiert. Die Konzentrationen wurden auf eine Korrelation mit den klinischen Parametern untersucht. 
Ergebnisse. 68 Patienten wurden neoadjuvant mit einer Radiochemotherapie behandelt, 63 Blutproben wurden untersucht. Initial befanden sich nach UICC 14 Patienten in Stadium II, 47 in Stadium III und 7 in Stadium IV. Das mediane Follow-Up betrug 29,87 Monate. 20 der 68 Patienten (29,4 %) verstarben, 19 entwickelten Fernmetastasen. OPN korrelierte signifikant mit dem Überleben (p=0,001). OPN-Werte korrelierten mit dem pT-Stadium (R:0,445 p=0,018) und dem pUICC-Stadium (R:0,412 p=0,018), sowie mit dem Auftreten von Fernmetastasen (R:0,271 p=0,031). Eine Korrelation zwischen OPN und dem Therapieansprechen konnte gezeigt werden: pathologisch komplette Remission (pCR) (R:0,379 p=0,001), NAR-Score (R:0,373 p=0,015), TRG (R:0,380 p=0,020). Die logistische Regressionsanalyse ergab eine Prädiktivität OPNs für pCR (OR:0,990 p=0,009), NAR-Score (OR:1,008 p=0,007), TRG (OR:0,459 p=0,008). C-Met und HGF korrelierten nicht mit dem Überleben. Für c-Met und HGF ergab sich keine Korrelation zu initialen klinischen Daten und Therapieansprechen.  Die logistische Regression ergab keinen prädiktiven Wert. 
Schlussfolgerung. Die Plasmakonzentration von OPN besitzt prognostische und prädiktive Wertigkeit beim LARC. Die Konzentrationen von c-Met und HGF sind nicht prognostisch für das Überleben oder prädiktiv für das Therapieansprechen.
N2  - Purpose. The glycoprotein Osteopontin (OPN), tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met and it´s ligand Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) can be detectet in blood and are known to be overexpressed in many kinds of human cancer. Here we examine their prognostic and predictive value in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). 
Patients and methods. In a monocentric prospective study EDTA-plasma was drawn from patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in LARC. Blood samples were taken before CRT and at different timepoints during the follow-up. We used an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to analyse the plasma concentrations of OPN, c-Met and HGF. 
Results. 68 patients (48 males, 20 females) were included. Blood samples were drawn from 63 patients. Initially, 14 patients had UICC stage II, 47 had UICC stage III and 7 had UICC stage IV. Median follow-up was 29,9 months. 20 out of 68 patients died during follow-up (29,4 %), 19 developed metastasis (27,9 %). Patients with OPN<median showed better 3-year-survival than the ones with OPN > median (91,8 % vs. 58,6 %, p = 0,001). Higher OPN-concentrations were correlated with pT (R = 0,445, p = 0,018), postoperative UICC (R = 0,412, p = 0,018) and metastasis (R = 0,271, p = 0,031). Pretherapeutical OPN levels were significantly different depending on the  response to CRT: 415,9 ± 62,6 ng/ml in patients with pathological complete response (pCR) vs. 703,3 ± 285,9 ng/ml in patients with pathological incomplete response (pIR), p < 0,001). Logistic regression showed a predictive value of OPN for pCR (OR = 0,990, p = 0,009). Pretherapeutic c-Met and HGF concentrations were not associated with survival rates. There was no correlation between initial c-Met or HGF and clinical characteristics. There was von predictive value for c-Met or HGF.
Conclusion. Osteopontin plasma levels might have prognostic and predictive value in LARC. We could not find a prognostic or predictive significance for c-Met or HGF.
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Neoadjuvant vorbehandeltes Rektumkarzinom
KW  - prognostische und prädiktive Biomarker
KW  - prognostic and predictive biomarker
KW  - locally advanced rectal cancer
KW  - neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy
KW  - Mastdarmkrebs
KW  - Rektumkarzinom
KW  - Neodadjuvant
KW  - prognostische
KW  - prädiktive
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363368
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ghosh, Sujal
A1  - Hönscheid, Andrea
A1  - Dückers, Gregor
A1  - Ginzel, Sebastian
A1  - Gohlke, Holger
A1  - Gombert, Michael
A1  - Kempkes, Bettina
A1  - Klapper, Wolfram
A1  - Kuhlen, Michaela
A1  - Laws, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Linka, René Martin
A1  - Meisel, Roland
A1  - Mielke, Christian
A1  - Niehues, Tim
A1  - Schindler, Detlev
A1  - Schneider, Dominik
A1  - Schuster, Friedhelm R.
A1  - Speckmann, Carsten
A1  - Borkhardt, Arndt
T1  - Human RAD52 - a novel player in DNA repair in cancer and immunodeficiency
JF  - Haematologica
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - human medicine
KW  - DNA-Repair
KW  - cancer
KW  - immunodeficiency
KW  - RAD52
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180862
VL  - 102
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hernández, Gonzalo
A1  - José Ramírez, María
A1  - Minguillón, Jordi
A1  - Quiles, Paco
A1  - Ruiz de Garibay, Gorka
A1  - Aza-Carmona, Miriam
A1  - Bogliolo, Massimo
A1  - Pujol, Roser
A1  - Prados-Carvajal, Rosario
A1  - Fernández, Juana
A1  - García, Nadia
A1  - López, Adrià
A1  - Gutiérrez-Enríquez, Sara
A1  - Diez, Orland
A1  - Benítez, Javier
A1  - Salinas, Mónica
A1  - Teulé, Alex
A1  - Brunet, Joan
A1  - Radice, Paolo
A1  - Peterlongo, Paolo
A1  - Schindler, Detlev
A1  - Huertas, Pablo
A1  - Puente, Xose S.
A1  - Lázaro, Conxi
A1  - Àngel Pujana, Miquel
A1  - Surrallés, Jordi
T1  - Decapping protein EDC4 regulates DNA repair and phenocopies BRCA1
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor that regulates DNA repair by homologous recombination. Germline mutations in BRCA1 are associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer and BRCA1 deficient tumors are exquisitely sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Therefore, uncovering additional components of this DNA repair pathway is of extreme importance for further understanding cancer development and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we identify EDC4, a known component of processing-bodies and regulator of mRNA decapping, as a member of the BRCA1-BRIP1-TOPBP1 complex. EDC4 plays a key role in homologous recombination by stimulating end resection at double-strand breaks. EDC4 deficiency leads to genome instability and hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking drugs and PARP inhibitors. Lack-of-function mutations in EDC4 were detected in BRCA1/2-mutation-negative breast cancer cases, suggesting a role in breast cancer susceptibility. Collectively, this study recognizes EDC4 with a dual role in decapping and DNA repair whose inactivation phenocopies BRCA1 deficiency.
KW  - cancer
KW  - double-strand DNA breaks
KW  - genomic instability
KW  - RNA metabolism
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319929
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Laura S. M.
A1  - Cosentino, Raúl O.
A1  - Förstner, Konrad U.
A1  - Guizetti, Julien
A1  - Wedel, Carolin
A1  - Kaplan, Noam
A1  - Janzen, Christian J.
A1  - Arampatzi, Panagiota
A1  - Vogel, Jörg
A1  - Steinbiss, Sascha
A1  - Otto, Thomas D.
A1  - Saliba, Antoine-Emmanuel
A1  - Sebra, Robert P.
A1  - Siegel, T. Nicolai
T1  - Genome organization and DNA accessibility control antigenic variation in trypanosomes
JF  - Nature
N2  - Many evolutionarily distant pathogenic organisms have evolved similar survival strategies to evade the immune responses of their hosts. These include antigenic variation, through which an infecting organism prevents clearance by periodically altering the identity of proteins that are visible to the immune system of the host1. Antigenic variation requires large reservoirs of immunologically diverse antigen genes, which are often generated through homologous recombination, as well as mechanisms to ensure the expression of one or very few antigens at any given time. Both homologous recombination and gene expression are affected by three-dimensional genome architecture and local DNA accessibility2,3. Factors that link three-dimensional genome architecture, local chromatin conformation and antigenic variation have, to our knowledge, not yet been identified in any organism. One of the major obstacles to studying the role of genome architecture in antigenic variation has been the highly repetitive nature and heterozygosity of antigen-gene arrays, which has precluded complete genome assembly in many pathogens. Here we report the de novo haplotype-specific assembly and scaffolding of the long antigen-gene arrays of the model protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, using long-read sequencing technology and conserved features of chromosome folding4. Genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) reveals a distinct partitioning of the genome, with antigen-encoding subtelomeric regions that are folded into distinct, highly compact compartments. In addition, we performed a range of analyses—Hi-C, fluorescence in situ hybridization, assays for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing—that showed that deletion of the histone variants H3.V and H4.V increases antigen-gene clustering, DNA accessibility across sites of antigen expression and switching of the expressed antigen isoform, via homologous recombination. Our analyses identify histone variants as a molecular link between global genome architecture, local chromatin conformation and antigenic variation.
KW  - histone variants
KW  - genome architecture
KW  - single molecule real time (SMRT)
KW  - brucei genome
KW  - distance-dependent decay
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224265
VL  - 563
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Munz, Matthias
A1  - Richter, Gesa M.
A1  - Loos, Bruno G.
A1  - Jepsen, Søren
A1  - Divaris, Kimon
A1  - Offenbacher, Steven
A1  - Teumer, Alexander
A1  - Holtfreter, Birte
A1  - Kocher, Thomas
A1  - Bruckmann, Corinna
A1  - Jockel-Schneider, Yvonne
A1  - Graetz, Christian
A1  - Munoz, Loreto
A1  - Bhandari, Anita
A1  - Tennstedt, Stephanie
A1  - Staufenbiel, Ingmar
A1  - van der Velde, Nathalie
A1  - Uitterlinden, André G.
A1  - de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.
A1  - Wellmann, Jürgen
A1  - Berger, Klaus
A1  - Krone, Bastian
A1  - Hoffmann, Per
A1  - Laudes, Matthias
A1  - Lieb, Wolfgang
A1  - Andre, Franke
A1  - Dommisch, Henrik
A1  - Erdmann, Jeanette
A1  - Schaefer, Arne S.
T1  - Genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease and periodontitis reveals a novel shared risk locus
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Evidence for a shared genetic basis of association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis (PD) exists. To explore the joint genetic basis, we performed a GWAS meta-analysis. In the discovery stage, we used a German aggressive periodontitis sample (AgP-Ger; 680 cases vs 3,973 controls) and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D CAD meta-analysis dataset (60,801 cases vs 123,504 controls). Two SNPs at the known CAD risk loci ADAMTS7 (rs11634042) and VAMP8 (rs1561198) passed the pre-assigned selection criteria (PAgP-Ger < 0.05; PCAD < 5 × 10−8; concordant effect direction) and were replicated in an independent GWAS meta-analysis dataset of PD (4,415 cases vs 5,935 controls). SNP rs1561198 showed significant association (PD[Replication]: P = 0.008 OR = 1.09, 95% CI = [1.02–1.16]; PD [Discovery + Replication]: P = 0.0002, OR = 1.11, 95% CI = [1.05–1.17]). For the associated haplotype block, allele specific cis-effects on VAMP8 expression were reported. Our data adds to the shared genetic basis of CAD and PD and indicate that the observed association of the two disease conditions cannot be solely explained by shared environmental risk factors. We conclude that the molecular pathway shared by CAD and PD involves VAMP8 function, which has a role in membrane vesicular trafficking, and is manipulated by pathogens to corrupt host immune defense.
KW  - vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8)
KW  - ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS7)
KW  - shared genetic basis
KW  - genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
KW  - GWAS meta-analysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231647
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Mathew-Schmitt, Sanjana
T1  - Development of blood-brain barrier spheroid models based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and investigation of shear stress on hiPSC-derived brain capillary endothelial-like cells
T1  - Entwicklung von Sphäroid-Modellen der Blut-Hirn-Schranke basierend auf 
menschlichen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen (hiPSCs) und Untersuchung der Scherbeanspruchung von hiPSC-abgeleiteten Hirnkapillarendothel-ähnlichen Zellen
N2  - A highly regulated microenvironment is essential in maintaining normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The existence of a biological barrier, termed as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), at the blood to brain interface effectively allows for selective passage of substances and pathogens into the brain (Kadry, Noorani et al. 2020). The BBB chiefly serves in protecting the brain from extrinsic toxin entry and pathogen invasions. The BBB is formed mainly by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) which are responsible for excluding ∼ 100% of large-molecule neurotherapeutics and more than 98% of all small-molecule drugs from entry into the brain. Minimal BBB transport of major potential CNS drugs allows for attenuated effective treatments for majority of CNS disorders (Appelt-Menzel, Oerter et al. 2020). Animals are generally used as model systems to study neurotherapeutic delivery into the brain, however due to species based disparity, experimental animal models lead to several false positive or false negative drug efficacy predictions thereby being unable to fully predict effects in humans (Ruck, Bittner et al. 2015). An example being that over the last two decades, much of the studies involving animals lead to high failure rates in drug development with ~ 97% failure in cancers and ~ 99% failure for Alzheimer´s disease (Pound 2020). Widespead failures in clinical trials associated with neurological disorders have resulted in questions on whether existing preclinical animal models are genuinely reflective of the human condition (Bhalerao, Sivandzade et al. 2020). Apart from high failure rates in humans, the costs for animal testings is extremely high. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), responsible for determining animal testing guidelines and methodology for government, industry, and independent laboratories the average cost of a single two-generation reproductive animal toxicity study worldwide is 318,295 € and for Europe alone is ~ 285,842 € (Van Norman 2019). Due to these reasons two separate movements exist within the scientific world, one being to improve animal research and the other to promote new approach methodologies with the European government setting 2025 - 2035 as a deadline for gradually disposing the use of animals in pharmaceutical testing (Pound 2020).
The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in 2006 (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006, Takahashi, Tanabe et al. 2007) revolutionized the field of drug discovery in-vitro. HiPSCs can be differentiated into various tissue types that mimic disease phenotypes, thereby offering the possibility to deliver humanized in-vitro test systems. With respect to the BBB, several strategies to differentiate hiPSCs to BCECs (iBCECs) are reported over the years (Appelt-Menzel, Oerter et al. 2020). However, iBCECs are said to possess an epithelial or undifferentiated phenotype causing incongruity in BBB lineage specifications (Lippmann,
7
Azarin et al. 2020). Therefore, in order to identify a reliable differentiation strategy in deriving iBCECs possessing hallmark BBB characteristics, which can be used for downstream applications, the work in this thesis compared two methods, namely the co-differentiation (CD) and the directed differentiation (DD). Briefly, CD mimics a brain like niche environment for iBCEC specification (Lippmann, Al-Ahmad et al. 2014), while DD focuses on induction of the mesoderm followed by iBCEC specification (Qian, Maguire et al. 2017). The results obtained verified that while iBCECs derived via CD, in comparison to human BCEC cell line hCMEC/D3 showed the presence of epithelial transcripts such as E-Cadherin (CDH1), and gene level downregulation of endothelial specific platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and VE-cadherin (CDH5) but demonstrated higher barrier integrity. The CD strategy essentially presented iBCECs with a mean trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of ~ 2000 – 2500 Ω*cm2 and low permeability coefficients (PC) of < 0.50 μm/min for small molecule transport of sodium fluorescein (NaF) and characteristic BCEC tight junction (TJ) protein expression of claudin-5 and occludin. Additionally, iBCECs derived via CD did not form tubes in response to angiogenic stimuli. DD on the other hand resulted in iBCECs with similar down regulations in PECAM-1 and CDH5 gene expression. They were additionally characterized by lower barrier integrity, measured by mean TEER of only ~ 250 – 450 Ω*cm2 and high PC of > 5 μm/min in small molecule transport of NaF. Although iBCECs derived via DD formed tubes in response to angiogenic stimuli, they did not show positive protein expression of characteristic BCEC TJs such as claudin-5 and occludin. These results led to the hypothesis that maturity and lineage specification of iBCECs could be improved by incorporating in-vivo like characteristics in-vitro, such as direct co-culture with neurovascular unit (NVU) cell types via spheroid formation and by induction of shear stress and fluid flow. In comparison to standard iBCEC transwell mono-cultures, BBB spheroids showed enhanced transcript expression of PECAM-1 and reduced expression of epithelial markers such as CDH1 and claudin-6 (CLDN6). BBB spheroids showed classical BCEC-like ultrastructure that was identified by TJ particles on the protoplasmic face (P-face) and exoplasmic face (E-face) of the plasma membrane. TJ strands were organized as particles and particle-free grooves on the E-face, while on the P-face, partly beaded particles and partly continuous strands were identified. BBB spheroids also showed positive protein expression of claudin-5, VE-cadherin, PECAM-1, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and transferrin receptor-1 (Tfr-1). BBB spheroids demonstrated higher relative impedance percentages in comparison to spheroids without an iBCEC barrier. Barrier integrity assessments additionally corresponded with lower permeability to small molecule tracer NaF, with spheroids containing iBCECs showing higher relative fluorescence unit percentages (RFU%) of ~ 90% in apical compartments, compared to ~ 80% in spheroids without iBCECs. In summary, direct cellular contacts in the complex spheroid model resulted in enhanced maturation of iBCECs.
8
A bioreactor system was used to further assess the effect of shear stress. This system enabled inclusion of fluidic flow and shear stress conditions in addition to non-invasive barrier integrity measurements (Choi, Mathew et al. 2022). iBCECs were cultured for a total of seven days post differentiation (d17) within the bioreactor and barrier integrity was non-invasively monitored. Until d17 of long-term culture, TEER values of iBCECs steadily dropped from ~ 1800 Ω*cm2 ~ 400 Ω*cm2 under static conditions and from ~ 2500 Ω*cm2 to ~ 250 Ω*cm2 under dynamic conditions. Transcriptomic analyses, morphometric analyses and protein marker expression showed enhanced maturation of iBECs under long-term culture and dynamic flow. Importantly, on d10 claudin-5 was expressed mostly in the cytoplasm with only ~ 5% iBCECs showing continuous staining at the cell borders. With increase in culture duration, iBCECs at d17 of static culture showed ~ 18% of cells having continuous cell border expression, while dynamic conditions showed upto ~ 30% of cells with continuous cell-cell border expression patterns. Similarly, ~ 33% of cells showed cell-cell border expression of occludin on d10 with increases to ~ 55% under d17 static and up to ~ 65% under d17 dynamic conditions, thereby indicating iBCEC maturation.
In conclusion, the data presented within this thesis demonstrates the maturation of iBCECs in BBB spheroids, obtained via direct cellular contacts and by the application of flow and shear stress. Both established novel models need to be further validated for pharmaceutical drug applications together with in-vitro-in-vivo correlations in order to exploit their full potential.
N2  - Eine hochregulierte Mikroumgebung ist für die Aufrechterhaltung der normalen Funktion des Zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) unerlässlich. Das Vorhandensein einer biologischen Barriere, der so genannten Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS), als Schnittstelle zwischen Blutkreislauf und Gehirn ermöglicht den selektiven Durchgang von Substanzen und Pathogenen in das Gehirn (Kadry, Noorani et al. 2020). Die BHS dient hauptsächlich dazu, das Gehirn vor dem Eindringen von Toxinen von außen und dem Eindringen von Krankheitserregern zu schützen. Die BHS wird hauptsächlich von Hirnkapillarendothelzellen (engl. brain capillary endothelial cells, BCECs) gebildet, die dafür verantwortlich sind, dass ∼ 100% der großmolekularen Neurotherapeutika und mehr als 98% aller kleinmolekularen Medikamente nicht in das Gehirn gelangen können. Ein eingeschränkter BHS-Transport wichtiger potenzieller Wirkstoffe führt zu einer abgeschwächten Wirksamkeit der Behandlung der meisten ZNS-Erkrankungen (Pardridge 2005). Mäuse, Ratten, Schweine und Rinder werden in der Regel als Modellsysteme verwendet, um die Verabreichung von Neurotherapeutika in das Gehirn zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der Unterschiede zwischen den Spezies führen experimentelle Tiermodelle jedoch vermehrt zu falsch positiven oder falsch negativen Vorhersagen über die Wirksamkeit von Medikamenten, so dass sie nicht in der Lage sind, die Wirkungen beim Menschen vollständig vorherzusagen (Ruck, Bittner et al. 2015). Ein Beispiel dafür ist, dass in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten ein Großteil der Studien an Tieren zu Misserfolgsraten in der Wirkstoffzulassung geführt hat. Bei einer Fehlerrate von 97% im Zusammenhang mit Krebs und ~99% bei Alzheimer führt dies zum Therapieversagen (Pound 2020). Die weit verbreiteten Misserfolge bei klinischen Versuchen im Zusammenhang mit neurologischen Erkrankungen haben zu der Frage geführt, ob die bestehenden präklinischen Tiermodelle wirklich die Physiologie des Menschen widerspiegeln (Bhalerao, Sivandzade et al. 2020). Abgesehen von den hohen Ausfallraten sind die Kosten für Tierversuche extrem hoch. Nach Angaben der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (engl. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD), welche für die Festlegung von Tierversuchsrichtlinien und -methoden für die Regierung, die Industrie und unabhängige Labore zuständig ist, belaufen sich die durchschnittlichen Kosten für eine einzige Zwei-Generationen-Studie zur Reproduktionstoxizität an Tieren weltweit auf 318.295 € und allein für Europa auf ~ 285.842 € (Van Norman 2019). Aus diesen Gründen gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Bemühungen unter den Wissenschaftlern. Zum einen zur Verbesserung der Tierforschung und zum anderen zur Förderung neuer Methoden gemäß den 3R (eng. replace, reduce, refine), wobei die europäische Regierung die Jahre 2025 bis 2035 als Frist für den schrittweisen Verzicht auf Tierversuche in der Forschung festgelegt hat (Pound 2020). Die
10
Entdeckung der humanen induziert pluripotenten Stammzell (hiPSC)-Technologie im Jahr 2006 (Takahashi und Yamanaka 2006, Takahashi, Tanabe et al. 2007) hat den Bereich der Arzneimittelforschung revolutioniert, da hiPSCs in verschiedene Gewebetypen differenziert werden können und damit die Möglichkeit bieten, humanisierte in-vitro-Testsysteme bereitzustellen, die zur Untersuchung verschiedener Krankheiten verwendet werden können.
In Bezug auf die BHS wurde im Laufe der Jahre mehrere Strategien zur Differenzierung von hiPSCs zu BCECs (iBCECs) etabliert (Appelt-Menzel, Oerter et al. 2020), allerdings wird ihnen ein epithelialer Phänotyp nachgesagt, was zu Fragen in der Spezifikation der BBB führt (Lippmann, Azarin et al. 2020). Um eine verlässliche Differenzierungsstrategie für die Gewinnung von iBCECs mit charakteristischen BHS-Merkmalen zu finden, welche für Downstream-Anwendungengenutztwerden können, wurden in dieser Arbeit zwei Methoden verglichen. Die Ko-Differenzierung (engl. co-differentiation, CD) und die gerichtete Differenzierung (engl. directed differentiation, DD). Zusammengefasst simuliert die CD eine ZNS-ähnliche Mikroumgebung für die Spezifikation der iBCECs nach (Lippmann, Al-Ahmad et al. 2014), während sich die DD auf die Induktion des Mesoderms und die anschließende iBCEC-Spezifikation konzentriert (Qian, Maguire et al. 2017). Die erzielten Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass iBCECs, welche mittels CD abgeleitet wurden, im Vergleich zur humanen BCEC-Zelllinie (hCMEC/D3) zwar epitheliale Transkripte wie E-Cadherin (CDH1) besitzen, aber eine Herabregulierung von Thrombozyten-Endothelzell-Adhäsionsmolekül-1 (PECAM-1) und VE-Cadherin (CDH5) aufweisen. Die von CD abgeleiteten iBCECs hatten zudem eine höhere Barriere-Integrität und Funktionalität gezeigt. Im Wesentlichen führte die CD-Strategie zu iBCECs mit einem hohen transendothelialen elektrischen Widerstand (engl. Transendothelialelectrical resistance, TEER) von 2000 - 2500Ω*cm2, einem niedrigen Permeabilitätskoeffizienten (eng. Permeability co-efficient, PC) von < 0,50 μm/min für den Transport kleiner Moleküle wie Natriumfluorescein (NaF) und einer charakteristischen Expression von BCEC-spezifischen Tight Junction (TJ)-Proteinen wie Claudin-5 und Occludin. Außerdem bildeten iBCECs, welche über CD gewonnen wurden, keine Gefäßstrukturen als Reaktion auf angiogene Stimuli. DD hingegen führte zu iBCECs mit einer ähnlichen Herabregulierung der PECAM-1- und CDH5-Genexpression, die zusätzlich durch eine geringere Barriereintegrität, gemessen an einem niedrigen TEER von nur ~ 250 - 450 Ω*cm2 und einem hohen PC von > 5 μm/min, bei dem Transport von NaF gekennzeichnet war. Obwohl die über DD gewonnenen iBCECs in der Lage waren Gefäßnetze auszubilden, zeigten sie keine Expression der charakteristischen BCEC-TJs wie Claudin-5 und Occludin.
Diese Ergebnisse führten zu der Hypothese, die in-vitro Differenzierung und Reifung von iBCECs zu verbessern, indem in-vivo-ähnliche Stimuli in-vitro angewandt werden, wie z. B. die direkte Kokultur mit Zelltypen der neurovaskulären Einheit (NVE) durch Sphäroidbildung und die Induktion von Scherstress in einem dynamischen Flussmodell. Im Vergleich zu iBCEC-
11
basierten Transwellmodellen, die zumeist in Monokulturen aufgebaut werden, zeigten die BHS-Sphäroide eine erhöhte Expression von PECAM-1 und eine reduzierte Expression von Epithelmarkern wie E-Cadherin (CDH1) und Claudin-6 (CLDN6). BHS-Sphäroide zeigten eine klassische BCEC-ähnliche Ultrastruktur, die durch TJ-Partikel auf der protoplasmatischen Phase (P-Phase) und der exoplasmatischen Phase (E-Phase) der Plasmamembran gekennzeichnet war. Die TJ-Stränge waren als Partikel und partikelfreie Rillen auf der E-Phase organisiert, während auf der P-Phase teils Partikel und teils kontinuierliche Stränge zu erkennen waren. BHS-Sphäroide zeigten auch eine positive Proteinexpression von Claudin-5, VE-Cadherin, PECAM-1, Glukose-Transporter-1 (GLUT-1), P-Glykoprotein (P-gp) und Transferrin-Rezeptor-1 (Tfr-1). Die BHS-Sphäroide wiesen ebenfalls höhere relative Impedanzwerte im Vergleich zu Sphäroiden ohne iBCEC-Barriere auf. Die Bewertung der Integrität der Barriere korrespondierte zudem mit einer geringeren Permeabilität für den niedermolekularen Tracer NaF, wobei Sphäroide mit iBCECs einen höheren Prozentsatz an relativen Fluoreszenzeinheiten (RFU%) von etwa 90% in den apikalen Kompartimenten aufwiesen, verglichen mit etwa 80% in Sphäroiden ohne iBCECs. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass direkte zelluläre Kontakte im komplexen Sphäroidmodell zu einer verstärkten Reifung von iBCECs führten.
In-vivo ist die BHS Scherbelastungen ausgesetzt, die einen wichtigen und oft vernachlässigten physiologischen Stimulus darstellen (Cucullo, Hossain et al. 2011). Um die Auswirkung von Scherstress auf die Eigenschaften und die Reifung von iBCECs zu messen, wurden diese in einem Bioreaktorsystem kultiviert.(Choi, Mathew et al. 2022). Hier war es möglich, iBCECs für insgesamt sieben Tage nach der Differenzierung (d17) erfolgreich in diesem System zu kultivieren und zusätzlich die Barriereintegrität nicht-invasiv zu überwachen. Bis d17 der Langzeitkultur fielen die TEER-Werte von iBCECs stetig von ~ 1800 Ω*cm2 ~ 400 Ω*cm2 unter statischen Bedingungen bzw. von ~ 2500 Ω*cm2 auf ~ 250 Ω*cm2 unter dynamischen Bedingungen. Zusätzliche Untersuchungen und Vergleiche von iBCECs unter diesen Kulturbedingungen mittels transkriptioneller und morphometrischer Analysen, sowie Expression von Proteinmarkern zeigten, dass iBCECs aufgrund der Langzeitkultur und des dynamischen Flusses eine verstärkte Reifung vorweisen. Wichtig ist, dass Claudin-5 bei d10 hauptsächlich im Zytoplasma exprimiert wurde und nur etwa 5% der iBCECs eine kontinuierliche Färbung an den Zellgrenzen aufwiesen. Mit zunehmender Kulturdauer zeigten iBCECs bei d17 in statischer Kultur ~ 18% der Zellen mit kontinuierlicher Zellrandexpression, während unter dynamischen Bedingungen bis zu ~ 30% der Zellen kontinuierliche Zellrandexpressionsmuster aufwiesen. In ähnlicher Weise zeigten ~ 33% der Zellen eine Zell-Zell-Grenzexpression von Occludin an d10 mit einem Anstieg auf ~ 55% unter d17 statischen und bis zu ~ 65% unter d17 dynamischen Bedingungen, was auf eine iBCEC-Reifung hinweist. Zusammenfassend zeigen die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Daten die Reifung von iBCECs in
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BHS Sphäroiden, die durch direkte Zell - Zell Kontakte und in dynamischen Strömungsmodellen durch die Anwendung von Scherspannungen erreicht wird. Beide etablierten neuen Modelle müssen für pharmazeutische Anwendungen zusammen mit In-vitro-in-vivo-Korrelationen weiter validiert werden, um ihr volles Potential zu beweisen.
KW  - Blut-Hirn-Schranke
KW  - Blood-brain barrier
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322475
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Pätzel [geb. Ditter], Katharina Sabine
T1  - Molekulare Charakterisierung eines Mitgliedes der TNF-Rezeptor-Superfamilie des Fuchsbandwurmes \(Echinococcus\) \(multilocularis\)
T1  - Molecular characterization of a TNF-receptor-superfamily member of \(Echinococcus\) \(multilocularis\)
N2  - Die alveoläre Echinokokkose (AE), die durch den Fuchsbandwurm Echinococcus multilocularis verursacht wird, ist eine seltene jedoch schwere und oft tödlich verlaufende Erkrankung. Aufgrund der späten Diagnosestellung sind kurative Behandlungsmethoden häufig nicht durchführbar und als einzige Behandlungsmöglichkeit bleibt eine lebenslange und nebenwirkungsreiche Therapie mit Benzimidazolen. Verbesserte Therapieoptionen durch die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente sind dringend notwendig. Hierfür kann es hilfreich sein die Biologie des Fuchsbandwurmes und die Kommunikationswege zwischen Parasit und Wirt zu verstehen. Bereits in vorherigen Arbeiten als auch in dieser Arbeit erwiesen sich evolutionsgeschichtlich konservierte Signalwege als Kommunikationsweg zwischen dem Fuchsbandwurm und seinem Wirt von zentraler Rolle. 
Die Entschlüsselung des Echinococcus-Genoms gab Hinweise darauf, dass ein Mitglied der Tumornekrosefaktor-Rezeptor-Superfamilie, jedoch kein endogener TNF α ähnlicher Ligand im Genom kodiert wird. Ein Mitglied der TNFR-Superfamilie des Fuchsbandwurmes (EmTNFR) wurde in dieser Arbeit als membranständiger Rezeptor mit einer intrazellulären Todesdomäne (DD) und hoher Ähnlichkeit zum humanen Typ 16 der TNF-Rezeptor-Superfamilie, auch 〖p75〗^NTR genannt, charakterisiert. Sowohl in bioinformatischen als auch in Sequenzanalysen wurden drei alternative Splicing-Formen von emtnfr (emtnfr, emtnfr-v2 und emtnfr-v3) nachgewiesen. emtnfr-v2 entsteht durch Alternatives Splicing und kodiert ein Protein, das keine intrazelluläre Todesdomäne besitzt. emtnfr-v3 verwendet einen alternativen Transkriptionstart und wird von den letzten 3 Exons von emtnfr kodiert. emtnfr-v3, kodiert ein Protein ohne extrazelluläre Region, aber mit intrazellulärer Todesdomäne. Ein löslicher TNF-Rezeptor konnte auf Proteinebene nicht nachgewiesen werden. Aufgrund von phylogenetischen Analysen und der Rezeptor-Struktur ist zu vermuten, dass EmTNFR ein p75NTR Homolog ist und damit der ursprünglichen Form der TNF-Rezeptoren entspricht. Mitglieder eines intrazellulären TNF-Signalweges wurden in bioinformatischen Analysen beim Fuchsbandwurm E. multilocularis identifiziert. 
Expressionsuntersuchungen zeigten sowohl in Trankriptomdaten als auch auf Proteinebene eine starke Expression von EmTNFR in Primärzellen und im Metazestoden (MZ), dem pathogenen Stadium für den Zwischenwirt. Echinococcus-Stammzellkulturen zeigten nach RNA-Interferenz-basiertem Knockdown des EmTNFR-kodierenden Gens deutliche Entwicklungsdefekte. Des Weiteren zeigten Echinococcus-Stammzellkulturen nach einer Behandlung mit TNF-α, einem potentiellen Liganden des TNF-Rezeptors und einem zentralen Zytokin in der Immunabwehr des Zwischenwirtes, Entwicklungsfortschritte, wie eine verbesserte Bildung von MZ aus Stammzellen. Zusätzlich wurde in whole-mount in situ Hybridisierungs-Versuchen eine ubiquitäre Expression von emtnfr in der Germinalschicht des MZ sowie eine Spezifität von emtnfr für den MZ, welcher ursächlich für die AE ist, nachgewiesen. Somit scheinen sowohl EmTNFR als auch TNF-α eine wichtige Funktion bei der Entwicklung und Etablierung des Fuchsbandwurmes während der frühen Phase der Infektion des Zwischenwirtes zu haben. TNF-α könnte ein weiterer Faktor für den ausgeprägten Organtropismus des Parasiten zur Leber sein, denn dort bestehen durch Kupfferzellen produzierte hohe lokale Konzentration von TNF-α. 
Zusammenfassend deuten die hier erarbeiteten Daten darauf hin, dass EmTNFR über die Bindung von Wirts-TNF-α bei der frühen Entwicklung des Echincoccus-Metazestoden eine Rolle spielt.
N2  - Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which is caused by the metacestode larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a rare but severe, often fatal disease. Due to late diagnosis and advanced spread of the infection curative therapy is often not possible and the only treatment option is benzimidazole chemotherapy, which often must be taken lifelong and has adverse side effects. Improvement of therapeutic options is thus urgently needed. To this end, a closer understanding of parasite biology and communication mechanisms between parasite and host are helpful. In this work, focus was laid on the possibility of host-parasite cross-communication involving an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway.
By mining the Echinococcus genome sequence, a gene encoding a member of the tumor necrosis-factor-receptor family (TNF-R), was identified. In this work, EmTNFR, a member of the TNF-R superfamily, of the fox tapeworm was identified as a membrane bound receptor with intracellular death domain and highest similarity to human TNFRSF 16, also called p75NTR. In in silico analysis and cDNA sequencing, 3 alternative splice forms of emtnfr (emtnfr-v1, -v2 and -v3) were found. emtnfr-v2 is the result of alternative splicing and encodes a protein lacking the intracellular death domain. emtnfr-v3 employs an alternative transcription start and is encoded by the last 3 exons of emtnfr. emtnfr-v3 encodes a protein without extracellular domain, but containing an intracellular death domain. A soluble TNF-receptor could not be found in proteomic analysis. Based on phylogenetic analysis and receptor structure, EmTNFR is thought to be a homolog of p75NTR, corresponding to the ancient form of TNF receptors. Members of an intracellular TNF signaling pathway were identified in bioinformatic analyses in the fox tapeworm E. multilocularis, indicating the presence of a full TNFR signalling pathway.
Expression studies showed in transcriptome data and at protein level a strong expression of EmTNFR in primary cells and in the metacestode (MZ), the pathogenic stage for the intermediate host. Echinococcus stem cell cultures showed marked developmental defects after RNAi based knockdown of the EmTNFR-encoding gene. Furthermore, Echinococcus stem cell culture displayed accelerated developmental progress such as enhanced formation of MZ from stem cells after treatment with TNF-α, a potential ligand of the TNF receptor, and a central cytokine in the immune defense of the intermediate host. In addition, whole-mount in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated ubiquitous expression of emtnfr in the germinal layer of MZ and specificity of emtnfr for MZ, the causative agent of AE.
Thus, both EmTNFR and TNF-α appear to have an important function in development and establishment of the fox tapeworm during the early phase of infection of the intermediate host. TNF-α could be an additional factor for the pronounced organ tropism of the parasite to the liver, caused by a high local concentration of TNF-α produced by Kupffer cells.
In summary, the data generated in this work suggest that EmTNFR plays a role in the early development of Echinococcus metacestode via binding of host TNF-α.
KW  - Fuchsbandwurm
KW  - Wirt-Parasit-Beziehung
KW  - Parasit
KW  - Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor <alpha>
KW  - Echinococcus multilocularis
KW  - TNF-Rezeptor
KW  - Wirt-Parasiten-Interaktion
KW  - Molekulare Charakterisierung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-369397
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Weiß, Eva Maria
T1  - Einfluss von Makrophagen auf autophagische Vorgänge in Schwann´schen Zellen unter den Bedingungen von Nervenläsion und genetisch bedingter Neuropathie
T1  - Influence of macrophages on Schwann cell autophagy under the conditions of nerve lesion and genetic neuropathy
N2  - Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Neuropathien stellen als häufigste erblich bedingte neurologische Erkrankungen eine Gruppe genetisch heterogener, chronisch progredienter peripherer Polyneuropathien dar. Die Lebensqualität der Patienten ist bei fehlender kurativer Therapieoption vor allem durch motorische und sensorische Defizite deutlich eingeschränkt. In verschiedenen Studien konnte die pathophysiologische Relevanz einer sekundären Entzündungsreaktion, insbesondere durch Makrophagen und Lymphozyten vermittelt, in Mausmodellen dreier CMT1 Subtypen (CMT1A, CMT1B, CMT1X) aufgezeigt werden. Auch in Folge einer Läsion peripherer Nerven ist eine akute Entzündungsreaktion von entscheidender Bedeutung, wobei sich bereits Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen der postläsionalen Waller´schen Degeneration (WD) und CMT1 Neuropathien identifizieren ließen. Während die aktive Beteiligung der Autophagie Schwann´scher Zellen (hier kurz SZ Autophagie genannt) an der Myelindegradation im Falle einer WD jedoch vielfach beschrieben wurde, ist Ähnliches in CMT1 Neuropathien bisher nur unzureichend untersucht. Da in einer Studie in Cx32def Mausmodellen der CMT1X Erkrankung auch nach Reduktion endoneuraler Makrophagen anhaltende Demyelinisierung beobachtet werden konnte, sollte das Vorkommen von SZ Autophagie sowie deren mögliche Beeinflussung durch Makrophagen in diesen Myelinmutanten untersucht werden.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden sowohl Wildtyp (Wt) Mäuse in ex vivo und in vivo Modellen einer WD als auch Cx32def Myelinmutanten zweier Altersstufen (4 und 12 Monate) mit einem niedermolekularen CSF1-Rezeptor-Inhibitor (CSF1RI) zur Reduktion endoneuraler Makrophagen behandelt, wobei sich vergleichende histochemische bzw. immunhistochemische Analysen peripherer Nerven behandelter und unbehandelter Tiere anschlossen.
Im Rahmen der Etablierung immunhistochemischer Methodik zeigte sich hierbei unter den kontrollierten Bedingungen einer ex vivo Ischiasnervenkultur eine vermehrte Aktivierung der SZ Autophagie in behandelten Wt Mäusen. Auch 4 Monate alte behandelte Cx32def Tiere wiesen, verglichen mit unbehandelten Myelinmutanten bzw. Wt Mäusen derselben Altersstufe, eine vermehrte autophagische Aktivität in SZ auf. Diese scheint sich jedoch im weiteren Verlauf der Erkrankung zu reduzieren, da im Falle der 12 Monate alten Cx32def Modelltiere weniger autophagisch aktive SZ Profile bzw. kaum Unterschiede zwischen behandelten und unbehandelten Tieren beobachtet werden konnten.
Die Ergebnisse lassen somit eine mögliche aktive Beteiligung von SZ Autophagie insbesondere in der Pathophysiologie der frühen Phase einer CMT1X Erkrankung sowie deren Beeinflussung durch endoneurale Makrophagen vermuten. Dies sollte vornehmlich in der Entwicklung von Therapiestrategien der CMT1X bedacht werden, da sich eine frühe Reduktion pathophysiologisch relevanter endoneuraler Makrophagen somit auch nachteilig auf die Myelinintegrität auswirken könnte.
N2  - Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are the most common hereditary neurological diseases and represent a group of genetically heterogeneous, chronically progressive peripheral polyneuropathies. In the absence of curative treatment options, patients' quality of life is significantly impaired, primarily due to motor and sensory deficits. Various studies have demonstrated the pathophysiological relevance of a secondary inflammatory reaction, in particular mediated by macrophages and lymphocytes, in mouse models of three CMT1 subtypes (CMT1A, CMT1B, CMT1X). An acute inflammatory reaction is also of crucial importance following a lesion of peripheral nerves, whereby similarities between postlesional Wallerian degeneration (WD) and CMT1 neuropathies have already been identified. However, while the active involvement of Schwann cell autophagy (here referred to as SC autophagy) in myelin degradation in WD has been widely described, a similar involvement in CMT1 neuropathies has been insufficiently studied. Since in a study in Cx32def mouse models of CMT1X disease persistent demyelination could be observed even after reduction of endoneural macrophages, the occurrence of SC autophagy and its possible influence by macrophages in these myelin mutants should be investigated.
In the present study, both wild-type (Wt) mice in ex vivo and in vivo models of WD and Cx32def myelin mutants of two ages (4 and 12 months) were treated with a small molecule CSF1 receptor inhibitor (CSF1RI) to reduce endoneural macrophages, followed by comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of peripheral nerves of treated and untreated animals, respectively.
During the establishment of immunohistochemical methods, an increased activation of SC autophagy was shown in treated Wt mice under the controlled conditions of ex vivo sciatic nerve culture. Even 4-month-old treated Cx32def animals showed increased autophagic activity in SC compared to untreated myelin mutants or Wt mice of the same age. However, this appears to be reduced as the disease progresses, since in the case of the 12-month-old Cx32def model animals fewer autophagically active SC profiles or hardly any differences between treated and untreated animals could be observed.
The results thus suggest a possible active involvement of SC autophagy, particularly in the pathophysiology of the early phase of CMT1X disease and its influence by endoneural macrophages. This should primarily be considered in the development of therapeutic strategies for CMT1X, as an early reduction of pathophysiologically relevant endoneural macrophages could therefore also have a detrimental effect on myelin integrity.
KW  - Schwann-Zelle
KW  - M-CSF
KW  - Autophagie <Physiologie>
KW  - Charcot-Marie-Syndrom
KW  - Makrophage
KW  - Schwann´sche Zelle
KW  - Autophagie
KW  - hereditäre sensomotorische Neuropathie
KW  - Makrophagen
KW  - CSF-1
KW  - Immunsystem
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-369674
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Ruppert [geb. Rapp], Elisabeth Marlene
T1  - Einfluss von sozialem Stress und 5-Htt-Genotyp: Quantitative Untersuchung der Morphologie von Neuronen der lateralen Amygdala und der CA3-Region des Hippocampus von Mäusen der Serotonintransporter-Knockout-Linie
T1  - Influence of social stress and 5-Htt genotype: Quantitative investigation of the morphology of neurons of the lateral amygdala and the CA3 region of the hippocampus of mice of the serotonin transporter knockout line
N2  - In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss sozialer Stresserfahrung sowie des 5-Htt-Genotyps auf die neuronale Morphologie bestimmter Hirnregionen anhand eines Mausmodells untersucht. Es wurde in mit Golgi-Cox gefärbten Gehirnen der 5-HTT-KO-Linie in der lateralen Amygdala (LA) die Apikal- und Basaldendriten pyramidenzellähnlicher Neurone und die Apikaldendriten der Pyramidenzellen der Cornu ammonis (CA)3-Region des Hippocampus mithilfe des Neurolucidasystems rekonstruiert und die so gewonnenen Daten anschließend statistisch ausgewertet. 
Die erzielten Ergebnisse belegen, dass vor allem die Erfahrung von sozialem Verteidigungsstress aber auch der 5-Htt-Genotyp (WT, HET, KO) im Mausmodell signifikanten Einfluss auf die Morphologie der Neurone der LA und der CA3-Region besitzen. Um die in dieser Arbeit mit allen drei 5-Htt-Genotypen erzielten Ergebnisse der LA-Neurone besser mit den Ergebnissen von Nietzer und Bonn (nur WT, KO) vergleichen zu können (Nietzer et al., 2011), wurden die von mir erhobenen Daten nicht nur in einem 3er-Vergleich, sondern auch einem 2er-Vergleich (WT vs. KO) statistisch analysiert. Untersuchungen der LA-Neurone aller drei 5-Htt-Genotypen zeigen, dass sozialer Stress zu einer Zunahme der Komplexität der Dendritenbäume durch längere und auch stärker verzweigte Dendriten vor allem in der Gruppe der WT-Mäuse führt. HET- und KO-Mäuse zeigten keinen entsprechenden Stress-Effekt. Darüber hinaus zeigten sich deutliche Genotypeffekte. Unabhängig vom Stresserleben besitzen HET-Mäuse längere Dendriten als WT-Mäuse sowie eine höhere Spinedichte als WT- und KO-Mäuse. Die Hypothese, die in der Arbeit von Nietzer et al. aufgestellt wurde, dass eine vollständige 5-HTT-Defizienz zu mehr Spines führt, ließ sich hier weder durch den 3er- noch durch den 2er-Vergleich replizieren. Die Pyramidenzellen der CA3-Region, die in dieser Studie zum ersten Mal analysiert wurden, zeigen in Bezug auf die durch den Stress ausgelösten Veränderungen ein im Vergleich zu den LA-Neuronen entgegengesetzten Effekt. Der soziale Stress führt hier zu einer Dendritenatrophie in der WT-Gruppe mit kürzeren und weniger komplexen Dendriten. Außerdem führte er zu einer geringeren Spinedichte bei den HET-Mäusen. Es zeigten sich klare Genotypeffekte, unabhängig von der Stresserfahrung, mit einer reduzierten Spinedichte der KO-Mäuse gegenüber den WT-Mäusen und einer nur in den Kontrollen detektierten, reduzierten Spinedichte der KO-Mäuse im Vergleich zu den WT- und HET-Mäusen. Sowohl in der LA als auch in der CA3-Region lassen sich Kompensationsmechanismen des 5-HTT-Defizits der HET-Tiere vermuten, über die die KO-Tiere nicht verfügen. 
Die in LA und CA3 gezeigten gegensätzlichen Auswirkungen des sozialen Stresses weisen auf die unterschiedlichen Funktionen dieser beiden Regionen im Furchtkreislauf und/oder bei der Verarbeitung von Stress hin. Darüber hinaus deutet diese Arbeit darauf hin, dass Arbeiten mit ähnlichen Untersuchungsmethoden und sogar gleichem Untersuchungsmaterial unterschiedliche Ergebnisse liefern können.
N2  - In this study, the influence of social stress experience and the 5-Htt genotype on the neuronal morphology of certain brain regions was investigated using a mouse model. The apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal cell-like neurons and the apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells of the cornu ammonis (CA)3 region of the hippocampus were reconstructed in Golgi-Cox-stained brains of the 5-HTT-KO line in the lateral amygdala (LA) using the neurolucida system and the data obtained was then statistically analyzed. 
The results obtained show that especially the experience of social defense stress but also the 5-Htt genotype (WT, HET, KO) have a significant influence on the morphology of the neurons of the LA and the CA3 region in the mouse model. In order to better compare the results of the LA neurons obtained in this study with all three 5-Htt genotypes with the results of Nietzer and Bonn (WT, KO only) (Nietzer et al., 2011), the data collected by me were statistically analyzed not only in a 3-way comparison, but also in a 2-way comparison (WT vs. KO). Investigations of the LA neurons of all three 5-Htt genotypes show that social stress leads to an increase in the complexity of the dendrite trees due to longer and also more branched dendrites, especially in the group of WT mice. HET and KO mice showed no corresponding stress effect. In addition, there were clear genotype effects. Regardless of the stress experience, HET mice have longer dendrites than WT mice and a higher spin density than WT and KO mice. The hypothesis put forward in the work of Nietzer et al. that complete 5-HTT deficiency leads to more spines could not be replicated here by either the 3-way or 2-way comparison. The pyramidal cells of the CA3 region, which were analyzed for the first time in this study, show an opposite effect compared to the LA neurons with regard to the changes triggered by stress. Here, social stress leads to dendrite atrophy in the WT group with shorter and less complex dendrites. It also led to a lower spin density in the HET mice. There were clear genotype effects, independent of the stress experience, with a reduced spin density in the KO mice compared to the WT mice and a reduced spin density in the KO mice compared to the WT and HET mice, which was only detected in the controls. Compensatory mechanisms for the 5-HTT deficit in the HET animals, which the KO animals do not have, can be assumed in both the LA and the CA3 region. 
The contrasting effects of social stress shown in LA and CA3 indicate the different functions of these two regions in the fear circuit and/or in the processing of stress. Furthermore, this work suggests that studies using similar research methods and even the same research material may yield different results.
KW  - Serotoninstoffwechsel
KW  - Hippocampus
KW  - Stress
KW  - Corpus amygdaloideum
KW  - Ammonshorn
KW  - CA3-Region
KW  - laterale Amygdala
KW  - sozialer Stress
KW  - Serotonintransporter-Knockout-Linie
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-369488
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Klüpfel, Marina Anna
T1  - Lagedarstellung und -Bewertung durch den Einsatz des Windmühlenmodells - Einführung und Nutzung im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie
T1  - Situational report and assessment using the windmill model – implementation and application during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
N2  - Bei Großschadensereignissen oder Katastrophen arbeiten die Einsatzkräfte verschiedener Organisationen und Krankenhäuser zusammen, um die Schadenslage zu bewältigen. Für die Koordinierung dieser Einsätze benötigen die Führungskräfte ein möglichst genaues Bild der aktuellen Lage. Auch im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2- Pandemie war eine Übersicht über die Versorgungslage der Krankenhäuser erforderlich, um mögliche lokale Ressourcenengpässe frühzeitig zu erkennen und durch geeignete Maßnahmen zu beheben. Zu diesem Zweck wurde in Bayern im November 2021 das Windmühlen-Modell eingeführt. Basierend auf einer Online-Plattform meldeten die zuständigen Bezirkskoordinierenden der bayerischen Regierungsbezirke täglich die Versorgungslage ihrer Kliniken anhand der Komponenten Personal, Material und Raum. Außerdem gab es die Möglichkeit zur Dokumentation von Patientenverlegungen. Die über die Windmühlen-Onlineplattform gesammelten Lagemeldungen und dokumentierten Verlegungen des Zeitraums von 21. November 2021 bis 20. Februar 2022 wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit detailliert aufbereitet. Zusätzlich wurden die erfassten Daten statistisch ausgewertet und mit den örtlichen 7-Tage-Inzidenzwerten des SARS-CoV-2-Virus verglichen. Durch das Windmühlen-Modell konnten Unterschiede in der Versorgungslage zwischen den Regierungsbezirken sehr effektiv sichtbar gemacht werden. Insgesamt waren Intensivstationen deutlich stärker belastet als Normalstationen. Die Versorgungsqualität war in Covid-Bereichen stärker beeinträchtigt als auf Stationen ohne Covid-Patienten. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Windmühlen-Lagemeldungen nicht allein die regionalen Inzidenzwerte, sondern die tatsächliche Versorgungssituation vor Ort abbilden. Die dokumentierten Interhospitaltransfers erfolgten von Regionen mit hohen Inzidenzwerten und schlechter Ressourcenverfügbarkeit in Bezirke mit weniger kritischer Versorgungslage. Damit konnten aus den Windmühlen-Lagemeldungen auch konkrete Handlungskonsequenzen, wie strategische Patientenverlegungen, abgeleitet werden. Lagemeldungen sind wichtig für die abgestimmte Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Stellen bei der Bewältigung einer Krise. Die etablierten Systeme zur Lageerfassung sind meist quantitativ ausgelegt und nur wenig skalierbar. Die Anwendung in einem neuen Kontext erfordert oft zeitaufwändige Anpassungen. Im Gegensatz dazu bietet das Windmühlen-Modell eine skalierbare, eher qualitativ ausgerichtete Lagedarstellung und ist aufgrund seines unkomplizierten Aufbaus innerhalb kürzester Zeit für eine Nutzung in verschiedensten Schadenslagen adaptierbar.
N2  - During large-scale emergencies and disasters, relief units and hospital staff work together to manage the critical situation. Command and control structures need a detailed situational assessment to coordinate relief efforts. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic an overview of hospital supplies and resources was vital to detect local shortages early and find appropriate measures to resolve them. For this purpose, the windmill model was implemented in Bavaria, Germany, in November 2021. Based on an online platform, the seven Bavarian districts gave daily updates on their hospitals’ situation regarding staff, supplies and space. Additionally, there was a tool to record patient transfers to different hospitals. In the dissertation at hand the data collected by the windmill-online platform from 21. November 2021 to 20. February 2022 was evaluated, statistically analyzed and compared to the local 7-day-incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The windmill model was able to very effectively showcase differences in strain on the hospital care capacities amongst the districts. Overall, the intensive care units were burdened more heavily than standard care units. The quality of hospital care on Covid-wards was impaired more strongly than on non-Covid-wards. This thesis provides evidence for the windmill situation reports not only depicting the local incidence rates but portraying the actual current hospital care capacities in the districts. The documented patient transfers took place from regions with high incidence rates and poor resource availability to districts with a less critical situation. Thus, specific consequences, like strategic patient transfers, were deduced from situational reports in the windmill model. Situational reports are crucial in collaboration for crisis management. Established systems for situational assessment are often based on quantitative analysis and lack scalability. Using those in a different scenario would require time-consuming adaptations. In contrast the windmill model provides a scalable more qualitatively based situational assessment and is, due to its straightforward format, quickly adaptable to use in any future disaster.
KW  - Katastrophenmedizin
KW  - Massenanfall von Verletzten oder Erkrankten
KW  - Notfallmedizin
KW  - Einsatzleitung
KW  - Lagedarstellung
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-369595
ER  -