TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Patrick A1 - Beck, Melina A1 - Klug, Michael A1 - Klug, Andreas A1 - Klug, Alexander A1 - Glowalla, Claudio A1 - Gollwitzer, Hans T1 - Survival of patient-specific unicondylar knee replacement JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in isolated medial or lateral osteoarthritis leads to good clinical results. However, revision rates are higher in comparison to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One reason is suboptimal fitting of conventional off-the-shelf prostheses, and major overhang of the tibial component over the bone has been reported in up to 20% of cases. In this retrospective study, a total of 537 patient-specific UKAs (507 medial prostheses and 30 lateral prostheses) that had been implanted in 3 centers over a period of 10 years were analyzed for survival, with a minimal follow-up of 1 year (range 12 to 129 months). Furthermore, fitting of the UKAs was analyzed on postoperative X-rays, and tibial overhang was quantified. A total of 512 prostheses were available for follow-up (95.3%). Overall survival rate (medial and lateral) of the prostheses after 5 years was 96%. The 30 lateral UKAs showed a survival rate of 100% at 5 years. The tibial overhang of the prosthesis was smaller than 1 mm in 99% of cases. In comparison to the reported results in the literature, our data suggest that the patient-specific implant design used in this study is associated with an excellent midterm survival rate, particularly in the lateral knee compartment, and confirms excellent fitting. KW - unicompartmental knee arthroplasty KW - osteoarthritis KW - patient-specific implant KW - partial knee arthroplasty KW - patient-specific instruments Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313650 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 13 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Sebastian A1 - Holzgrabe, Ulrike T1 - Method development, optimization, and validation of the separation of ketamine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using design of experiments JF - Chromatographia N2 - Capillary electrophoresis was chosen as cost-effective and robust method to separate ketamine enantiomers. For the method development, first different native and modified cyclodextrins were tested. The most promising chiral selector was α-cyclodextrin. A design of experiments (DoE) was carried out, which started with the screening of relevant factors. Based on these results, the method was optimized according to the significant factors (buffer, cyclodextrin concentration, pH value, voltage, temperature) of the screening based on the response resolution and migration time of the later migrating enantiomer. The optimized conditions consisted of a background electrolyte with 275 mM TRIS, adjusted with 85% phosphoric acid to a pH of 2.50, and 50 mM α-cyclodextrin, at a temperature of 15 °C, an applied voltage of 30 kV and an injection pressure of 1.0 psi for 10 s. A fused-silica capillary with a total length of 70 cm and an effective length to the detector of 60 cm was used. The method was validated according to ICH guideline Q2 R(1). The limit of quantification was 3.51 µg mL\(^{−1}\) for S-ketamine and 3.98 µg mL\(^{−1}\)for R-ketamine. The method showed good linearity for racemic ketamine with R\(^2\) of 0.9995 for S-ketamine and 0.9994 for R-ketamine. The lowest quantifiable content of S-ketamine found in R-ketamine was 0.45%. KW - ketamine KW - capillary electrophoresis KW - design of experiments KW - cyclodextrins KW - enantiomers Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324713 SN - 0009-5893 VL - 86 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Triyasmono, Liling A1 - Schollmayer, Curd A1 - Schmitz, Jens A1 - Hovah, Emilie A1 - Lombo, Cristian A1 - Schmidt, Sebastian A1 - Holzgrabe, Ulrike T1 - Simultaneous determination of the saponification value, acid value, ester value, and iodine value in commercially available red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus, Lam.) using \(^1\)H qNMR spectroscopy JF - Food Analytical Methods N2 - Red fruit oil (RFO) can be extracted from fruits of Pandanus conoideus, Lam., an endogenous plant of Papua, Indonesia. It is a commonly used essential original traditional medicine. By applying a newly developed quantitative \(^1\)H NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy method for quality assessment, a simultaneous determination of the saponification value (SV), acid value (AV), ester value (EV), and iodine value (IV) in RFO was possible. Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO\(_2\)) was used as an internal standard. Optimization of NMR parameters, such as NMR pulse sequence, relaxation delay time, and receiver gain, finally established the \(^1\)H NMR-based quantification approach. Diagnostic signals of the internal standard at δ = 2.98 ppm, SV at δ = 2.37–2.20 ppm, AV at δ = 2.27–2.20 ppm, EV at δ = 2.37–2.27 ppm, and IV at δ = 5.37–5.27 ppm, respectively, were used for quantitative analysis. The method was validated concerning linearity (R\(^2\) = 0.999), precision (less than 0.83%), and repeatability in the range 99.17–101.17%. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to crude RFO, crude RFO with palmitic and oleic acid addition, and nine commercial products. The qNMR results for the respective fat values are in accordance with the results of standard methods, as can be seen from the F- and t-test (< 1.65 and < 1.66, respectively). The fundamental advantages of qNMR, such as its rapidity and simplicity, make it a feasible and existing alternative to titration for the quality control of RFO. KW - quantitative 1H NMR KW - saponification Value KW - acid value KW - ester value KW - iodine value KW - red fruit oil Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324728 SN - 1936-9751 VL - 16 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ungethüm, K. A1 - Wiedmann, S. A1 - Wagner, M. A1 - Leyh, R. A1 - Ertl, G. A1 - Frantz, S. A1 - Geisler, T. A1 - Karmann, W. A1 - Prondzinsky, R. A1 - Herdeg, C. A1 - Noutsias, M. A1 - Ludwig, T. A1 - Käs, J. A1 - Klocke, B. A1 - Krapp, J. A1 - Wood, D. A1 - Kotseva, K. A1 - Störk, S. A1 - Heuschmann, P. U. T1 - Secondary prevention in diabetic and nondiabetic coronary heart disease patients: insights from the German subset of the hospital arm of the EUROASPIRE IV and V surveys JF - Clinical Research in Cardiology N2 - Background Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with and without diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of recurrent events requiring multifactorial secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors. We compared prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors and its determinants including lifestyle, pharmacotherapy and diabetes mellitus among patients with chronic CHD examined within the fourth and fifth EUROASPIRE surveys (EA-IV, 2012–13; and EA-V, 2016–17) in Germany. Methods The EA initiative iteratively conducts European-wide multicenter surveys investigating the quality of secondary prevention in chronic CHD patients aged 18 to 79 years. The data collection in Germany was performed during a comprehensive baseline visit at study centers in Würzburg (EA-IV, EA-V), Halle (EA-V), and Tübingen (EA-V). Results 384 EA-V participants (median age 69.0 years, 81.3% male) and 536 EA-IV participants (median age 68.7 years, 82.3% male) were examined. Comparing EA-IV and EA-V, no relevant differences in risk factor prevalence and lifestyle changes were observed with the exception of lower LDL cholesterol levels in EA-V. Prevalence of unrecognized diabetes was significantly lower in EA-V as compared to EA-IV (11.8% vs. 19.6%) while the proportion of prediabetes was similarly high in the remaining population (62.1% vs. 61.0%). Conclusion Between 2012 and 2017, a modest decrease in LDL cholesterol levels was observed, while no differences in blood pressure control and body weight were apparent in chronic CHD patients in Germany. Although the prevalence of unrecognized diabetes decreased in the later study period, the proportion of normoglycemic patients was low. As pharmacotherapy appeared fairly well implemented, stronger efforts towards lifestyle interventions, mental health programs and cardiac rehabilitation might help to improve risk factor profiles in chronic CHD patients. KW - coronary heart disease KW - diabetes mellitus KW - secondary prevention KW - EUROASPIRE Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324037 VL - 112 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guggenberger, Konstanze V. A1 - Vogt, Marius L. A1 - Song, Jae W. A1 - Weng, Andreas M. A1 - Fröhlich, Matthias A1 - Schmalzing, Marc A1 - Venhoff, Nils A1 - Hillenkamp, Jost A1 - Pham, Mirko A1 - Meckel, Stephan A1 - Bley, Thorsten A. T1 - Intraorbital findings in giant cell arteritis on black blood MRI JF - European Radiology N2 - Objective Blindness is a feared complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA). However, the spectrum of pathologic orbital imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in GCA is not well understood. In this study, we assess inflammatory changes of intraorbital structures on black blood MRI (BB-MRI) in patients with GCA compared to age-matched controls. Methods In this multicenter case-control study, 106 subjects underwent BB-MRI. Fifty-six patients with clinically or histologically diagnosed GCA and 50 age-matched controls without clinical or laboratory evidence of vasculitis were included. All individuals were imaged on a 3-T MR scanner with a post-contrast compressed-sensing (CS) T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) BB-MRI sequence. Imaging results were correlated with available clinical symptoms. Results Eighteen of 56 GCA patients (32%) showed inflammatory changes of at least one of the intraorbital structures. The most common finding was enhancement of at least one of the optic nerve sheaths (N = 13, 72%). Vessel wall enhancement of the ophthalmic artery was unilateral in 8 and bilateral in 3 patients. Enhancement of the optic nerve was observed in one patient. There was no significant correlation between imaging features of inflammation and clinically reported orbital symptoms (p = 0.10). None of the age-matched control patients showed any inflammatory changes of intraorbital structures. Conclusions BB-MRI revealed inflammatory findings in the orbits in up to 32% of patients with GCA. Optic nerve sheath enhancement was the most common intraorbital inflammatory change on BB-MRI. MRI findings were independent of clinically reported orbital symptoms. Key Points • Up to 32% of GCA patients shows signs of inflammation of intraorbital structures on BB-MRI. • Enhancement of the optic nerve sheath is the most common intraorbital finding in GCA patients on BB-MRI. • Features of inflammation of intraorbital structures are independent of clinically reported symptoms. KW - giant cell arteritis KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - orbit KW - ophthalmic artery KW - optic nerve Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324978 VL - 33 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Jietao A1 - Fahmy-Garcia, Shorouk A1 - Wesdorp, Marinus A. A1 - Kops, Nicole A1 - Forte, Lucia A1 - De Luca, Claudio A1 - Misciagna, Massimiliano Maraglino A1 - Dolcini, Laura A1 - Filardo, Giuseppe A1 - Labberté, Margot A1 - Vancíková, Karin A1 - Kok, Joeri A1 - van Rietbergen, Bert A1 - Nickel, Joachim A1 - Farrell, Eric A1 - Brama, Pieter A. J. A1 - van Osch, Gerjo J. V. M. T1 - Effectiveness of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB adsorption onto a collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing osteochondral defect bone repair: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation JF - Journal of Functional Biomaterials N2 - Despite promising clinical results in osteochondral defect repair, a recently developed bi-layered collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold has demonstrated less optimal subchondral bone repair. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) onto said scaffold. The in vitro release kinetics of BMP-2/PDGF-BB demonstrated that PDGF-BB was burst released from the collagen-only layer, whereas BMP-2 was largely retained in both layers. Cell ingrowth was enhanced by BMP-2/PDFG-BB in a bovine osteochondral defect ex vivo model. In an in vivo semi-orthotopic athymic mouse model, adding BMP-2 or PDGF-BB increased tissue repair after four weeks. After eight weeks, most defects were filled with bone tissue. To further investigate the promising effect of BMP-2, a caprine bilateral stifle osteochondral defect model was used where defects were created in weight-bearing femoral condyle and non-weight-bearing trochlear groove locations. After six months, the adsorption of BMP-2 resulted in significantly less bone repair compared with scaffold-only in the femoral condyle defects and a trend to more bone repair in the trochlear groove. Overall, the adsorption of BMP-2 onto a Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffold reduced bone formation in weight-bearing osteochondral defects, but not in non-weight-bearing osteochondral defects. KW - tissue engineering KW - regenerative medicine KW - osteochondral lesion KW - biocompatible materials KW - bone morphogenetic proteins KW - platelet-derived growth factor KW - animal model KW - weight-bearing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304019 SN - 2079-4983 VL - 14 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - La Salvia, Anna A1 - Modica, Roberta A1 - Marciello, Francesca A1 - Mercier, Olaf A1 - Filosso, Pier Luigi A1 - de Latour, Bertrand Richard A1 - Giuffrida, Dario A1 - Campione, Severo A1 - Guggino, Gianluca A1 - Fadel, Elie A1 - Papotti, Mauro A1 - Colao, Annamaria A1 - Scoazec, Jean-Yves A1 - Baudin, Eric A1 - Faggiano, Antongiulio T1 - Recurrence-free survival in early and locally advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung after complete tumor resection JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - Background: Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Data on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early and locally advanced pure LCNEC after complete resection (R0) are lacking. This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in this subgroup of patients and to identify potential prognostic markers. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study including patients with pure LCNEC stage I-III and R0 resection. Clinicopathological characteristics, RFS, and disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: 39 patients (M:F = 26:13), with a median age of 64 years (44–83), were included. Lobectomy (69.2%), bilobectomy (5.1%), pneumonectomy (18%), and wedge resection (7.7%) were performed mostly associated with lymphadenectomy. Adjuvant therapy included platinum-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in 58.9% of cases. After a median follow-up of 44 (4–169) months, the median RFS was 39 months with 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS rates of 60.0%, 54.6%, and 44.9%, respectively. Median DSS was 72 months with a 1-, 2- and 5-year rate of 86.8, 75.9, and 57.4%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, age (cut-off 65 years old) and pN status were independent prognostic factors for both RFS (HR = 4.19, 95%CI = 1.46–12.07, p = 0.008 and HR = 13.56, 95%CI 2.45–74.89, p = 0.003, respectively) and DSS (HR = 9.30, 95%CI 2.23–38.83, p = 0.002 and HR = 11.88, 95%CI 2.28–61.84, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: After R0 resection of LCNEC, half of the patients recurred mostly within the first two years of follow-up. Age and lymph node metastasis could help to stratify patients for adjuvant therapy. KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - LCNEC KW - pulmonary cancer KW - prognostic marker KW - prognosis KW - survival KW - lymph nodes KW - age KW - surgery KW - adjuvant therapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304000 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilhelms, Benedikt A1 - Broscheit, Jens A1 - Shityakov, Sergey T1 - Chemical analysis and molecular modelling of cyclodextrin-formulated propofol and its sodium salt to improve drug solubility, stability and pharmacokinetics (cytogenotoxicity) JF - Pharmaceuticals N2 - Propofol is a widely used general anesthetic in clinical practice, but its use is limited by its water-insoluble nature and associated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic limitations. Therefore, researchers have been searching for alternative formulations to lipid emulsion to address the remaining side effects. In this study, novel formulations for propofol and its sodium salt Na-propofolat were designed and tested using the amphiphilic cyclodextrin (CD) derivative hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The study found that spectroscopic and calorimetric measurements suggested complex formation between propofol/Na-propofolate and HPβCD, which was confirmed by the absence of an evaporation peak and different glass transition temperatures. Moreover, the formulated compounds showed no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity compared to the reference. The molecular modeling simulations based on molecular docking predicted a higher affinity for propofol/HPβCD than for Na-propofolate/HPβCD, as the former complex was more stable. This finding was further confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In conclusion, the CD-based formulations of propofol and its sodium salt may be a promising option and a plausible alternative to conventional lipid emulsions. KW - propofol KW - anaesthesiology KW - HPβCD KW - \(^1\)H-NMR spectroscopy KW - calorimetry KW - molecular modelling KW - cytotoxicity KW - genotoxicity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313705 SN - 1424-8247 VL - 16 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iotzov, Vassil A1 - Weiß, Martin A1 - Windmann, Sabine A1 - Hein, Grit T1 - Valence framing induces cognitive bias JF - Current Psychology N2 - Valence framing effects refer to inconsistent choice preferences in response to positive versus negative formulation of mathematically equivalent outcomes. Here, we manipulate valence framing in a two-alternative forced choice dictator game using gains and losses as frames to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying valence framing. We applied a Drift-Diffusion Model (DDM) to examine whether gain (i.e., “take” money) and loss (i.e., “give” money) frames evoke a cognitive bias as previous research did not consistently reveal framing effects using reaction times and response frequency as dependent variables. DDMs allow decomposing the decision process into separate cognitive mechanisms, whereby a cognitive bias was repeatedly associated with a shift in the starting point of the model. Conducting both a laboratory (N = 62) and an online study (N = 109), female participants allocated money between themselves and another person in a prosocial or selfish way. In each study, one group was instructed to give money (give frame), the other to take money (take frame). Consistent with previous studies, no differences were found in response times and response frequencies. However, in both studies, substantial bias towards the selfish option was found in the take frame groups, captured by the starting point of the DDM. Thus, our results suggest that valence framing induces a cognitive bias in decision processing in women, even when no behavioral differences are present. KW - valence framing KW - cognitive bias KW - decision making KW - drift-diffusion modeling KW - laboratory and online studies Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324824 SN - 1046-1310 VL - 42 IS - 34 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fekete, Stefanie A1 - Kulpok, Christine A1 - Taurines, Regina A1 - Egberts, Karin A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Gerlach, Manfred A1 - Malonga Makosi, Dorothée A1 - König, Jochem A1 - Urschitz, Michael S. A1 - Toni, Irmgard A1 - Neubert, Antje A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Value of a web-based pediatric drug information system to prevent serious adverse drug reactions in child and adolescent psychiatry JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - Psychotropic drugs are frequently prescribed ‘off-label’ to children and adolescents and carry the risk of serious adverse drug reactions (sADR). We examined the frequency of sADRs of psychotropic drugs in pediatric inpatients and explored their potential preventability through following the recommendations of a web-based pediatric drug information system (PDIS). The potential socio-economic impacts of using this online system is also addressed. Routine clinical data from all inpatients treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry department between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively examined for the occurrence of sADRs as defined by the European Medicines Agency. The preventability of the sADRs was assessed based on the information of the PDIS. Furthermore, the expected prolongation of the hospital stay due to sADRs was calculated as well as the associated treatment costs. The study was supported by the Innovation Fund of the Joint Federal Committee, grant number 01NVF16021. In total, 1036 patients were screened of whom 658 (63.5%) received psychopharmacological treatment. In 53 (8.1%) of these patients 54 sADRs were documented, of which 37 sADRs were identified as potentially preventable through PDIS. Mitigating sADR through PDIS would likely have prevented prolonged hospital stays and conferred considerable savings for health insurance companies. PDIS provides systematic and evidence-based information about pediatric psychopharmacotherapy and helps to prevent prescribing errors. Therefore, PDIS is a useful tool to increase drug therapy safety in child and adolescent psychiatry. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results. KW - adverse effects KW - pharmacovigilance KW - drug safety KW - psychotropic drugs KW - mental health Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324817 VL - 130 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wörsdörfer, Philipp A1 - Ergün, Süleyman T1 - “Organoids”: insights from the first issues JF - Organoids N2 - No abstract available KW - organoids KW - editorial Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313694 SN - 2674-1172 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 79 EP - 81 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lippert, Juliane T1 - Die molekulargenetische Charakterisierung von Nebennierenrindenkarzinomen als Schritt in Richtung personalisierter Medizin T1 - Molecular Characterisation of Adrenocortical Carcinomas as a Step towards Personalized Medicine N2 - Nebennierenrindenkarzinome (NNR-Ca; engl. adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC)) zählen zu den sehr seltenen Tumorentitäten. Die Prognose für die Patient*innen ist insgesamt eher schlecht, kann aber, im Einzelnen betrachtet, sehr heterogen sein. Eine zuverlässige Prognose anhand klinischer und histopathologischer Marker – wie dem Tumorstadium bei Diagnose, dem Resektionsstatus und dem Proliferationsindex Ki-67 –, die routinemäßig erhoben werden, ist nicht für alle Erkrankten möglich. Außerdem wird deren Behandlung dadurch erschwert, dass Therapeutika fehlen, von denen ein Großteil der Patient*innen profitiert. Umfassende Multi-Omics-Studien aus den letzten Jahren halfen nicht nur das Wissen über Pathomechanismen in NNR-Cas zu erweitern, es konnte auch gezeigt werden, dass sich Patient*innen anhand molekularer Marker in Subgruppen mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Prognose einteilen lassen. Mit molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen wurden außerdem potentielle neue Therapieziele gefunden. Diese Erkenntnisse finden bisher jedoch keine oder kaum Anwendung, da die Analysen den zeitlichen und finanziellen Rahmen, der für den routinemäßigen Einsatz im Klinikalltag zu erfüllen wäre, deutlich überschreiten. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Strategie zur verbesserten Patientenversorgung der NNR-CaPatient*innen zu etablieren. Dafür sollte geklärt werden, ob ausgewählte molekulare prognostische Marker mit Methoden, die theoretisch einfach in den Klinikalltag zu implementieren wären, gefunden werden können. Außerdem sollte nach prädiktiven Markern gesucht werden, die helfen, NNR-Ca-Patient*innen zielgerichtet zu therapieren. Statt exom- oder genomweite Analysen durchzuführen wurden gezielt krebs- beziehungsweise NNR-Ca-assoziierte Gene mittels NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) oder SangerSequenzierung (zusammen 161 Gene) und Pyrosequenzierung (4 Gene) auf somatische Veränderungen hin untersucht. Die Analysen wurden an DNA (Desoxyribonukleinsäure) durchgeführt, die aus FFPE (mit Formalin fixiert und in Paraffin eingebettet)-Gewebe isoliert worden war, welches standardmäßig nach Tumoroperationen in Pathologien für Untersuchungen zur Verfügung steht. Durch Analyse der Sequenzierergebnisse von insgesamt 157 Patient*innen aus einem retrospektiven (107 Patient*innen) und einem prospektiven Studienteil (50 Patient*innen) konnten in NNR-Cas bereits beschriebene Veränderungen von Genen und Signalwegen sowie Methylierungsunterschiede gefunden werden. Anhand der Sequenzierdaten der retrospektiven Studie wurden molekulare prognostische Marker (Anzahl an proteinverändernden Varianten pro Tumorprobe, Veränderungen im P53/Rb- und/oder dem Wnt/ß-Catenin-Signalweg und dem Methylierungsstatus von CpG-Inseln von vier 2 Tumorsuppressorgenen (GSTP1, PAX5, PAX6 und PYCARD)) definiert und für jeden einzelnen Marker ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zur Länge des progressionsfreien Überlebens (PFS) der Patient*innen gefunden. Durch die Kombination der molekularen Marker mit den klinischen und histopathologischen Markern war es zudem möglich, einen COMBI-Score zu bilden, der, verglichen mit den klinischen und histopathologischen Markern, eine spezifischere und sensitivere Aussage darüber erlaubt, ob Patient*innen innerhalb von 2 Jahren ein Fortschreiten der Tumorerkrankung erfahren. Mit Hilfe der Sequenzierdaten wurden in beiden Kohorten außerdem Veränderungen gefunden, die als prädiktive Marker zum Einsatz von zielgerichteten Therapien vewendet werden könnten. Als vielversprechendstes Therapieziel wurde – bei 46 Tumoren in der retrospektiven und 7 Tumoren in der prospektiven Studie – CDK4 identifiziert. CDK4/CDK6-Inhibitoren sind für die Behandlung von fortgeschrittenem und metastasiertem Brustkrebs von der Lebensmittel- überwachungs- und Arzneimittelbehörde (FDA; engl. Food and Drug Administration) zugelassene Therapeutika und bei anderen soliden Tumoren Gegenstand von Studien. Im Rahmen der Arbeit konnten außerdem von 12 Patient*innen jeweils zwei Tumoren molekulargenetisch untersucht und die Ergebnisse verglichen werden. Die Analyse zeigte, dass der Methylierungsstatus – im Vergleich zu Veränderungen in der DNA-Sequenz – der stabilere prognostische Marker ist. Mit dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass molekulare prognostische und prädiktive Marker für den Einsatz zielgerichteter Therapien mit Methoden identifiziert werden können, die sich im klinischen Alltag bei der Behandlung von NNR-Ca-Patient*innen implementieren lassen. Um einen allgemein anerkannten Leitfaden zu etablieren, fehlen allerdings noch die Ergebnisse weiterer – vor allem prospektiver – Studien zur Validierung der hier präsentierten Ergebnisse. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sind jedoch als wichtiger Schritt in Richtung personalisierter Medizin bei Nebennierenrindenkarzinomen anzusehen. N2 - Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are among the very rare tumor entities. Altogether prognosis for the patients is poor, though regarding individuals the outcome can be heterogenous. Prognostic stratification on the basis of clinical and histopathological markers – for example tumor stage at diagnosis, resection status and proliferation index Ki-67 – is not reliable for all patients. This fact and the lack off effective pharmacological therapies, makes the patient care challenging. In the last years comprehensive multi omics studies helped to increase the knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms in ACC. With those data, scientists were also able to identify molecular markers useful to distinguish subgroups of patients with distinct clinical outcome. With molecular analysis also new potential drug targets for targeted therapies were identified. Till now these findings have not been transferred into the clinical routine care of ACC patients, mostly due to the time consuming and expensive methods required for the multi omics studies. The aim of this study was to establish a strategy for improved patient care of ACC patients. We chose methods theoretically applicable in a clinical routine workflow to analyze selected prognostic molecular markers, already correlated to outcome. Moreover it was searched for predictive markers for targeted therapy of ACC patients. Instead of comprehensive analysis a targeted approach via NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) or Sanger Sequencing (161 genes in total) and pyrosequencing (4 genes ) was conducted to find somatic variants in genes associated with cancer in general or particularly with ACC. For the analysis, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was isolated from FFPE (formalin fixad and paraffin embedded) tissue which is routinely prepared and available in pathological institutions after tumor resections. Sequencing results of 157 patients in total, gained from a retrospective part of the study (107 patients) and a prospective part (50 patients), were in accordance to already published data concerning somatic variants in genes and signaling pathways and differences in the methylation patterns of particular genes. Molecular prognostic markers (number of protein changing variants per tumor sample, variants in P53/Rb- and/or Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway and methylation pattern of CpG islands of four tumor suppressor genes (GSTP1, PAX5, PAX6 und PYCARD)) were defined with the data of the retrospective study. A significant prognostic role for progression free survival (PFS) was found for all of them. With the COMBI-Score – a combination of the molecular prognostic markers and the clinical and histopathological prognostic markers – it was possible to even better predict the progress of the disease within two years. Moreover variants reported to be predictive markers for the use of targeted therapies were identified in both cohorts. Most promising drug target seems to be CDK4 which was found to be amplified in 46 and 7 tumors in the retrospective and prospective study, respectively. CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors are drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer and under investigation in other solid tumors. Within this study it was also possible to compare molecular data from 12 tumor pairs, what means two tumors gained from one patient. It seems as if the methylation pattern is a more consistent prognostic marker than the changes detected on DNA sequence level. In conclusion, we demonstrated that molecular prognostic markers and predictive markers for targeted therapy can be identified using methods easily applicable in a clinical routine workflow for patients with ACC. Before implementing our strategy into a guideline that is commonly approved, further prospective studies are needed for the validation of the presented results. However our strategy can be regarded as an important step towards personalized medicine in adrenocortical carcinoma. KW - Nebennierentumor KW - Nebenniererindenkarzinom KW - molekulargenetische Charakterisierung KW - personalisierte Medizin Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247172 ER - TY - THES A1 - Werner, Jana Sophia T1 - Frequenzabhängigkeit der IP3-induzierten Calciumregulation in murinen ventrikulären Kardiomyozyten T1 - Frequency dependence of IP3-induced calcium regulation in murine ventricular cardiomyocytes N2 - In Kardiomyozyten ist Calcium (Ca2+) ein wichtiges Signalmolekül und eine präzise Regulation der Ca2+ Konzentration in den Zellkompartimenten erforderlich. Ca2+ wird Angiotensin II-induziert und vom Botenstoff IP3 vermittelt aus IP3 Rezeptoren des Sarkoplasmatischen Retikulum (SR) freigesetzt, was zur mitochondrialen Ca2+ Aufnahme führt. Diese Kommunikationswege zwischen SR und Mitochondrium sind u.a. bei der Herzinsuffizienz durch pathologische Umbauprozesse gestört. Zudem zirkulieren bei Herzinsuffizienz vermehrt Hormone wie AngII, welches u.a. die intrazelluläre IP3 Konzentration steigert und als Hypertrophie Signal wirkt. Dieser Arbeit geht die Vermutung voraus, dass eine gestörte mitochondriale Ca2+ Aufnahme durch Veränderung des nukleären Ca2+ Transienten die hypertrophe Genexpression beeinflussen kann. Es wurde an ventrikulären Kardiomyozyten von adulten Mäusen mit kardiospezifischem MCU Knock out oder MCU Wildtyp untersucht, wie sich Ca2+ Transienten in Zytosol und Nukleus bei AngII-Stimulation und Störung der mitochondrialen Ca2+ Aufnahme durch Blockade des mRyR1 oder des MCU verändern. Zum Vergleich wurde der Effekt des β adrenerg vermittelten, IP3 unabhängigen Ca2+ Anstiegs beobachtet. Zur Untersuchung der Frequenzabhängigkeit der Effekte wurde die elektrische Stimulation wurde variiert. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass sich die Blockade der mitochondrialen Ca2+ Aufnahme unterschiedlich auf den nukleären Ca2+ Transienten auswirkt: Bei AngII-Stimulation kam es in Folge der Blockade des mRyR1, nicht aber des MCU, zur Steigerung des nukleären Ca2+ Transienten. Dieser Effekt war bei 1 Hz Stimulationsfrequenz, nicht aber nach einer Steigerung auf 4 Hz zu beobachten. Bei β adrenerger Stimulation hingegen veränderte die Blockade des MCU oder des mRyR1 die Ca2+ Transienten im Kern nicht signifikant. Die Arbeit verdeutlicht die Bedeutung der IP3 vermittelten Ca2+ Freisetzung für die Kontrolle der Ca2+ Konzentrationen in unterschiedlichen zellulären Kompartimenten. N2 - Calcium (Ca2+) serves as a critical signaling molecule within cardiomyocytes, necessitating precise regulation of Ca2+ concentrations across cellular compartments. Angiotensin II (AngII) triggers Ca2+ release through inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a process mediated by the secondary messenger IP3, resulting in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Perturbations in these communication pathways have been implicated in heart failure due to pathological remodeling processes. Additionally, in heart failure elevated levels of hormones like AngII have been observed, which increases intracellular IP3 concentration, thereby acting as a signal for hypertrophy. This work is based on the assumption that impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake can influence hypertrophic gene expression by altering the nuclear Ca2+ transient. The investigation was conducted using ventricular cardiomyocytes obtained from adult mice with cardiac-specific MCU (mitochondrial calcium uniporter) knockout and MCU wildtype, analyzing alterations in cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ transients upon AngII stimulation and impairment of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by blocking mRyR1 (ryanodine receptor) or MCU. Additionally, the impact of β-adrenergic mediated IP3-independent Ca2+ elevation was assessed, with varying electrical stimulation frequencies to explore frequency-dependent effects. The findings reveal distinct effects of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake blockade on nuclear Ca2+ transients. While mRyR1 blockade, but not MCU blockade, augmented nuclear Ca2+ transients during AngII stimulation, this effect was evident at 1 Hz stimulation frequency and not after increase to 4 Hz. Conversely, β-adrenergic stimulation yielded no significant changes in nuclear Ca2+ transients upon MCU or mRyR1 blockade. This work underscores the significance of IP3-mediated Ca2+ release in controlling Ca2+ concentrations across diverse cellular compartments. KW - Calciumtransport KW - Herzinsuffizienz KW - Angiotensin II KW - Mitochondrium KW - Inositoltrisphosphat KW - mitochondrialer Ryanodin-Rezeptor (mRyR1) KW - calcium signaling KW - Excitation-Transcription-Coupling KW - IP3 signaling KW - Mitochondrialer Uniporter (MCU) KW - Mitochondrialer Uniporter Knock out (MCU-KO) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323158 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kern [verh. Bischof], Melanie T1 - Effekte von Acylcarnitinen auf die Funktion kardialer Mausherzmitochondrien T1 - Effects of acylcarnitines on the function of cardiac mouse heart mitochondria N2 - Langkettige Acylcarnitine wie Oleoylcarnitn sind arrhythmogen wirkende Metaboliten, deren Rolle im Zusammenhang mit Vorhofflimmern noch unvollständig erforscht sind. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, dazu beizutragen, den Einfluss langkettiger Acylcarnitine auf den kardialen Metabolismus besser zu verstehen. Dabei wurden für die Daten aktuelle Studien genutzt, welche sich mit dem Einfluss von Acylcarnitinen auf kardiales Gewebe bzw. kardial vorerkrankten Patienten beschäftigten. Hierzu zählten unter anderem die Daten einer Kohorten-Studie mit 9660 Probanden von Professor Dr. rer. nat. Tanja Zeller in Hamburg. Diese Daten zeigten, dass Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern erhöhte Acylcarnitin-Blutplasma-Werte aufwiesen. Bei den Acylcarnitinen handelt es sich um Fettsäuren mit 18 Kohlenstoff- (C-) Atomen und einer Doppelbindung. Der Hauptvertreter dieser Fettsäuren ist Oleoylcarnitin. Dass Oleoylcarnitin eine besondere Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Arrhythmien zufällt, konnten andere Studien bestätigen. Auf Grund dieser Grundlage wurden initiale Experimente durchgeführt. Für alle Experimente wurde Oleoylcarnitin mit 18 C-Atomen und einer Doppelbindung bzw. Stearoylcarnitin mit 18 C-Atomen ohne Doppelbindung in verschiedenen Konzentrationen verwendet. Um den Einfluss der Acylcarnitine auf den kardialen Metabolismus bestimmen zu können, wurden aus C57BL/6N Mäusen kardiale Mitochondrien isoliert und deren Respiration (Sauerstoffverbrauch) als Ausdruck der metabolischen Leistung und damit der Vitalität der Mitochondrien mit Hilfe der Clark Elektrode bestimmt. Die Mitochondrien wurden mit verschiedenen Substraten, d.h., mit Pyruvat/Malat (Komplex 1 Substrat), Glutamat/Malat (Komplex 1 Substrat nach Anaplerose) oder Palmitoyl-CoA (β-Oxidations-Substrat) und unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von Acylcarnitinen behandelt und die Respiration gemessen. Im Gegensatz zur Pyruvat/Malat-gestützten Respiration, die durch den Einfluss von hohen (bis 25 µM) Oleoylcarnitin Konzentrationen vermindert bis inhibiert wurde, steigerte zumindest zeitweise Oleoylcarnitin die PalmitoylCoA- sowie die Glutamat/Malat-gestützte Respiration. Wobei kritisch zu betrachten ist, dass die Respirationslevel einer Glutamat/Malat-gestützten Respiration insgesamt auf einem niedrigeren Level sind als mit Pyruvat/Malat als Substrat. Der inhibierende Acylcarnitin-Effekt auf die Pyruvat/Malat-Atmung konnte nicht mit Etomoxir, einem Inhibitor der Carnitin Palmitoyl-Transferase 1 (CPT1), beeinflusst werden, aber als CPT1-Inhibitor konnte Etomoxir die auf PalmitoylCoA gestützte Respiration konzentrationsabhängig reduzieren. Die inhibierenden Effekte der Acylcarnitine waren zudem reversibel und verursachten somit keine irreversiblen Schäden an den Mitochondrien. Es wird geschlussfolgert, dass die hier getesteten Oleoyl- und Stearoylcarnitine eine regulierende Funktion auf die flexible Substratverarbeitung des Herzens haben. Sie können den Abbau der Glycolyse-Endprodukte inhibieren, gleichzeitig die Fettsäure-Respiration unterstützen und somit mit einem Substratswitch den Stoffwechsel der Mitochondrien beeinflussen. Gleichzeitig könnte es bei Situationen mit gestörtem oxidativem Stoffwechsel, z.B. während Myokardischämie zur Überlastung des Metabolismus oder sogar Blockade der Respiration kommen. Diese Respirationsblockade könnte ein Auslöser für Arrhythmien und Vorhofflimmern sein. N2 - Long-chain acylcarnitines such as oleoylcarnitine are arrhythmogenic metabolites whose role in connection with atrial fibrillation is still incompletely researched. The aim of this dissertation was to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of long-chain acylcarnitines on cardiac metabolism. Current studies were used for the data, which dealt with the influence of acylcarnitines on cardiac tissue or patients with previous cardiac disease. This included, among other things, the data from a cohort study with 9,660 test subjects by Professor Dr. rer. nat. Tanja Zeller in Hamburg. These data showed that patients with atrial fibrillation had elevated plasma acylcarnitine levels. Acylcarnitines are fatty acids with 18 carbon (c) atoms and one double bond. The main representative of these fatty acids is oleoylcarnitine. Other studies have confirmed that oleoylcarnitine plays a special role in the development of arrhythmias. On this basis, initial experiments were carried out. For all experiments, oleoylcarnitine with 18 carbon atoms and one double bond or stearoylcarnitine with 18 carbon atoms without a double bond was used in various concentrations. In order to determine the influence of acylcarnitines on cardiac metabolism, cardiac mitochondria were isolated from C57BL/6N mice and their respiration (oxygen consumption) as an expression of the metabolic performance and thus the vitality of the mitochondria was determined using the Clark electrode. The mitochondria were treated with different substrates, i.e. with pyruvate/malate (complex 1 substrate), glutamate/malate (complex 1 substrate) or palmitoyl-CoA (β-oxidation substrate) and different concentrations of acylcarnitines, and respiration was measured . In contrast to pyruvate/malate-assisted respiration, which was reduced or even inhibited by the influence of high (up to 25 µM) oleoylcarnitine concentrations, oleoylcarnitine at least temporarily increased palmitoylCoA- and glutamate/malate-assisted respiration. It should be considered critically that the respiration levels of glutamate/malate-supported respiration are overall at a lower level than with pyruvate/malate as a substrate. The inhibitory acylcarnitine effect on pyruvate/malate respiration could not be influenced with etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), but as a CPT1 inhibitor, etomoxir could reduce palmitoylCoA-assisted respiration in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of acylcarnitines were also reversible and therefore did not cause irreversible damage to the mitochondria. It is concluded that the oleoyl and stearoyl carnitines tested here have a regulatory function on the flexible substrate processing of the heart. They can inhibit the breakdown of glycolysis end products, at the same time support fatty acid respiration and thus influence the metabolism of the mitochondria with a substrate switch. At the same time, in situations with disturbed oxidative metabolism, e.g. during myocardial ischemia, overloading of the metabolism or even blocking of respiration could occur. This respiratory blockage could be a trigger for arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. KW - Acylcarnitin Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322773 ER - TY - THES A1 - Plugaru, Karina-Anatolia T1 - Bestimmung der Prävalenz medikamentenresistenter HIV-Infektionen bei therapienaiven Patienten am Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi T1 - Prevalence of drug resistant HIV-Infections in nontreated Patients at the Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi N2 - Im Jahr 2015 wurde Plasmaproben von 161 HIV-positive Menschen auf HIV-Drug-Resistance untersucht. Die Patienten waren therapienaiv und wurde am Lighthouse-Hospital in Lilongwe, die Hauptstadt Malawis behandelt. Es zeigte sich eine HIVDR von insgesamt 17% welche aus mehreren Gesichtspunkte dargestellt worden sind, um zu zeigen ob 20105 in Malawi eingesetzte first-line Therapieregime eine gute Wirksamkeit zeigte. N2 - The thesis investigates the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-Infections in non-treated patients in 2015 at the Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe, the capital city of Malawi. 161 plasma samples have been collected and analyzed to look into the rates of HIVDR in the collective and examine how this can be related to national HIVDR levels, the WHO guidelines and put in perspective how the results may have had an impact in the evolution of ART in Africa, but also worldwide. Firstly HIV-RNA was isolated from the plasma samples. The HIV-RNA was then transcribed in DNA and afterwards amplified to collect multiple copies of the gag-pol area of the genome, which contains the genetic information for the HIV Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Protease (P). The experiments concluded with sequencing the gag-pol area of the HIV-DNA and entering the sequences in the Databank of the Stanford University to establish the HIV-Subtype and detect HIVDR and its severity in the drug classes of Protease Inhibitors (PI) as well as Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI). HIV RNA was isolated in 100 samples and were successfully sequenced. An overall rate of 17% mutations associated with HIVDR was found. Some samples showed multiple mutations, 13 % in the class of NNRTI, 8 in the class of PI and 1% in the class of NRTI. A further examination showed the severity of the HIVDR mutations in these drug classes and some particular substances that were recommended as first-line therapy regime by national guidelines in Malawi. In 2015 TLE (ART consisting of Tenofovir and Lamivudine, two NRTIs as well as Efavirenz, an NNRTI) was recommended as first-line regime by nationals guidelines. 13% high- and intermediate-level HIVDR was found for Efavirenz. There was a significant higher probability for a Patient in the group to show an HIVDR for Efavirenz in comparison to other substances of the first-line drug regime. The TLE Regime which has been used in 2015 at the Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe had an overall good effect in the therapy of HIV-Infections. Still the results show that 12% of the patients may suffer from poor response due to HIVDR. In these cases a transmitted HIVDR maybe assumed in these non treated patients. These may seem alarming, but it is not sure if the patients were forward about their therapy, or if maybe drug sharing or self therapy with drugs from black market could have been an issue. In conclusion these high rates of HIVDR in the drug class of NNRTI was also seen world wide in other examinations. As a response, the WHO updated Guidelines recommend since 2018 other ART regimes consisting of a combination with Integrase Inhibitors (INI) when available. Studies show that INI are less susceptible to develop an HIVDR due to a high resistance barrier. Still this medication is expensive an not always available in poor countries. The annual reports of UNAIDS give a positive development in the fight to contain HIV world-wide. KW - HIV-Infektion KW - HIV KW - HIVDR KW - Malawi Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322781 ER - TY - THES A1 - Balonov, Ilja T1 - Untersuchung des Metaboloms von Patienten mit Adipositas III° vor und nach chirurgischer bzw. konservativer Therapie (Würzburg Adipositas Studie) sowie im Tiermodell T1 - Investigation of the metabolome in patients with obesity III° before and after surgical or conservative therapy (Würzburg Adipositas Studie) and in the rodent model N2 - Die Auswirkungen der chirurgischen und konservativen Adipositastherapie auf das Metabolom sind bisher nicht eindeutig geklärt. Der Veränderung bestimmter Metaboliten, darunter den verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren (BCAA) und den langkettigen Phosphatidylcholinen (PC) bzw. Lecithinen, wird eine tragende Rolle im Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsel zugesprochen. Eine Erhebung von metabolomischen Profilen und deren funktionelle Aufteilung in Aminosäuren- und Lipidprofile bietet eine neue Möglichkeit zur Charakterisierung des Stoffwechsels. Im Vergleich zu der konservativen Therapie wurde nach der RYGB Operation ein signifikanter Anstieg der Lecithine sowie ein signifikanter Abfall der BCAA festgestellt, welche als mögliche Biomarker des Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsels gezeigt wurden. In Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse kann angenommen werden, dass die chirurgische Therapie der konservativen Therapie, wie sie in der WAS durchgeführt wurde, im Hinblick auf den Gewichtsverlust und die Verbesserung des Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsels überlegen ist. Die Erhebung des Metaboloms bietet eine neue Möglichkeit Unterschiede im Stoffwechsel nach Adipositastherapie abzubilden und Metaboliten zu identifizieren, welche mit dem Zucker- und Fettstoffwechsel assoziiert sind. N2 - The effects of surgical and conservative obesity therapy on the metabolome have not been clearly elucidated. Alteration of certain metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and long-chain phosphatidylcholines (PC) and lecithins, respectively, is thought to play a supporting role in sugar and lipid metabolism. A survey of metabolomic profiles and their functional partitioning into amino acid and lipid profiles offers a new way to characterize metabolism. Compared to conservative therapy, a significant increase in lecithins as well as a significant decrease in BCAA were found after RYGB surgery, which were shown to be possible biomarkers of sugar and lipid metabolism. In synopsis of the results, it can be assumed that surgical therapy is superior to conservative therapy, as performed in WAS, in terms of weight loss and improvement of sugar and lipid metabolism. The metabolome survey provides a new opportunity to map differences in metabolism after obesity therapy and to identify metabolites associated with sugar and lipid metabolism. KW - Adipositas KW - Metabolom KW - Metabolome KW - Metabolomics KW - Obesity KW - Endocrinology KW - Endokrinologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328286 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ludwig, Elena Maria T1 - Eine retrospektive Analyse laryngealer Vorläuferläsionen sowie deren Verlauf und Progressionsrisiko T1 - A retrospective analysis of laryngeal precursor lesions, their development and risk to progression N2 - Hinter dem makroskopischen Bild einer Leukoplakie der Stimmlippen können sich verschiedene histopathologische Diagnosen, wie Hyper- oder Parakeratosen, unterschiedliche Dysplasieschweregrade oder ein invasives Karzinom, verbergen. Die Diagnose wird durch Exzision und histopathologische Beurteilung gestellt, gefolgt von einer Einteilung je nach Klassifikationssystem. Die existierenden Klassifikationssysteme sind in ihrer Aussagekraft bezüglich des Progressionsrisikos der verschiedenen Vorläuferläsionen und der daraus resultierenden Behandlungsempfehlung eingeschränkt. Die neue Einteilung der WHO aus dem Jahr 2017 unterscheidet „low-grade“ Dysplasien (ehemals Epithelhyperplasien und leichte Dysplasie) von „high-grade“ Dysplasien (ehemals mäßige- und schwergradige Dysplasien einschließlich des Carcinoma in situ). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden insgesamt 392 Patienten mit laryngealen Vorläuferläsionen aus der Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg untersucht. Es waren insbesondere Männer im Durchschnittsalter von 59,9 Jahren betroffen. Zudem wird ein Raucheranteil von 85,1 % beschrieben. Im Verlauf entwickelten 57 Patienten (14,5%) ein invasives Karzinom. Mit steigendem Dysplasieschweregrad konnte eine zunehmende Entartungstendenz beobachtet werden. Patienten mit der initialen Diagnose einer Hyper- oder Parakeratose ohne Dysplasie (5,6%) bzw. einer leichtgradigen Dysplasie (8,9%) wiesen ein signifikant geringeres Entartungsrisiko auf als Patienten mit höhergradigen dysplastischen Veränderungen (p<0,001). Mäßiggradige (41%) und schwergradige Dysplasien (43,5%) bzw. Carcinomata in situ (54,5%) wiesen ein vergleichbar hohes Progressionsrisiko auf. Mäßige Dysplasien wurden in bisherigen Arbeiten bezüglich ihres Entartungsrisikos eher unterschätzt und oftmals mit den leichtgradigen Dysplasien in einer Gruppe zusammengefasst. Die aktuell erhobenen Daten weisen jedoch auf ein höher als ursprünglich angenommenes Entartungsrisiko hin, sodass aufgrund des hohen Progressionsrisikos die Aufnahme in die Kategorie der „high-grade“ Dysplasien gerechtfertigt scheint. Es lässt sich zudem beobachten, dass der Zeitraum in dem sich aus einer schwergradigen Dysplasie (45 Wochen) bzw. einem Carcinoma in situ (66,2 Wochen) ein Larynxkarzinom entwickelt, kürzer ist als der der mäßigen Dysplasien (117,1 Woche). Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die neu gewonnen Erkenntnisse zu validieren, das neue Klassifikationssystem der WHO 2017 in die klinische Praxis zu integrieren und ein besseres Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Pathomechanismen zu entwickeln. N2 - Behind the macroscopic appearance of vocal cord leucoplakia, many histopathological diagnoses can be hidden. Ranging from squamous cell hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma. These macroscopic features must always be determined by histological analysis and classified by a grading system. The existing classification systems used for laryngeal precursor lesions aren’t very promising concerning the validity of the risk of progression and the appropriate choice of treatment. The new WHO 2017 Classification distinguishes between low-grade (mild dysplasia) and high-grade dysplasia (moderate and server dysplasia / carcinoma in situ). For the present study a total of 392 patients were identified with laryngeal precursor lesions in the Ear, Nose & Throat Clinic of the University Hospital Würzburg. Especially men, with a mean age of 59,9 years, were affected. Additionally there were numerous smokers among the patients (85,1%). 57 patients (14,5%) developed invasive carcinoma. The rate of malignant transformation increased with the grade of dysplasia. Analysing the different groups of dysplasia, we found a significant lower risk of progression between patients with the initial diagnosis of hyper- or parakeratosis (5,6%) or mild dysplasia (8,9%) and patients with higher grades of dysplastic changes (p <0,001). Moderate dysplasia (41%), severe dysplasia (43,5%) and carcinoma in situ (54,5%) had similar progression rates. The group of moderate dysplasia has usually been underrated in former studies concerning the risk of progression. Mild and moderate dysplasia have often been considered as one group. The present data indicates a higher risk of the moderate dysplasia than initially suggested. It seems reasonable to subsume them in the group of high-grade dysplasia. The mean time interval between the diagnosis of severe dysplasia (45 weeks) or carcinoma in situ (66,2 weeks) and the development of laryngeal carcinoma is shorter than in patients with moderate dysplasia (117,1 week). Further studies are required to validate the reported results, to integrate the WHO 2017 Classification into clinical practice and to reach more awareness of the underlying pathological mechanisms. KW - Laryngeale Vorläuferläsionen KW - Kehlkopf KW - Tumor KW - Larynxkarzinom KW - Progressionsrisiko KW - Larynx Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327966 ER - TY - THES A1 - Michelbach, Peter T1 - Struktur und 3D-Organisation der Kapillarwand-assoziierten Zellen im murinen Myokard T1 - Structure and 3D-organization of capillary wall-associated cells in the murine myocardium N2 - Herzkreislauferkrankungen sind weit verbreitet und nicht nur eine große Belastung für die Betroffenen, sondern auch für das Gesundheitssystem. Die Folgen von Herzkreislauferkrankungen wie z.B. Myokardinfarkt und koronare Herzkrankheit stellen weltweit die häufigste Todesursache dar. Prävention, frühzeitige Erkennung und konsequente Behandlung sind daher von großer Bedeutung. Um das Verständnis für die Pathophysiologie zu fördern und ferner Therapieansätze ausfindig zu machen, ist es notwendig, nicht nur die Herzmuskelzellen im Blick zu haben, sondern auch die Komponenten des Herzmuskelstromas, die deren Funktion beeinflussen können. Das Verständnis und die Rekonstruktion des kardialen Gewebes auf ultrastruktureller Ebene, sowie die Charakterisierung und Wechselwirkungen der verschiedenen Zellen des Herzens haben deshalb das Interesse vieler Forschergruppen geweckt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die detaillierte ultrastrukturelle Analyse kardialer Perizyten, Endothelzellen sowie Kapillarwand-assoziierter Zellen und deren Kontakte im Arbeitsmyokard der Maus mittels verschiedener elektronenmikroskopischer Methoden. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wurde die transmissionselektronenmikroskopische Probenaufbereitung optimiert und ein modifiziertes Protokoll zur hervorragenden Kontrastierung der biologischen Membranen und zum bestmöglichen Erhalt der Ultrastruktur etabliert. Die optimierte Probenaufbereitung bot dann die ideale Grundlage für die Generierung elektronenmikroskopischer Datensätze mittels serieller Block-Face Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (SBF-SEM) und anschließender Erzeugung dreidimensionaler Modelle der Mikrovaskulatur des Arbeitsmyokards der Maus. Die detaillierte ultrastrukturelle Analyse in drei Dimensionen offenbart neue morphologische Merkmale der kardialen Mikrovaskulatur und zeigt, dass die kardialen Perizyten vereinzelt Fortsätze abgeben, die mit den Endothelzellen assoziiert sind. Dadurch entsteht nicht nur eine perizytäre-endotheliale Einheit, die von derselben Basallamina umschlossen wird. Die Rekonstruktion zeigt ebenfalls, dass die Kapillarwand-assoziierten Zellen sehr groß und weit verzweigt sind und nicht von der die Perizyten und Endothelzellen umgebenden Basallamina umschlossen werden. Sie stehen an vereinzelten Stellen in direktem Kontakt mit den Endothelzellen. Immunelektronenmikroskopische Analysen zeigen, dass die Kapillarwand-assoziierten Zellen sowohl CD34-positiv als auch CD44-positiv sind. Größer angelegte Studien zur weiteren dreidimensionalen Analyse z.B. in der Intima einer Arteriole könnten zur weiteren Charakterisierung der Perizyten und der Kapillarwand-assoziierten Zellen beitragen und sogar eine Einteilung möglich machen. Eine Beteiligung von Perizyten im Rahmen des kardialen Remodeling nach einem Myokardinfarkt wurde bereits nachgewiesen. Außerdem spielen die Membranproteine CD34 und CD44 eine wichtige Rolle in der Hämatopoese und auch der Angiogenese. In Zukunft könnten sich auch daraus interessante neue Ansätze für gezielte Therapien nach einem Myokardinfarkt ergeben. N2 - Cardiovascular diseases are prevalent, placing substantial stress both on affected individuals and on the healthcare system. The outcomes of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease, represent the leading cause of death globally. Consequently, emphasis on prevention, early identification, and sustained treatment is crucial. To enhance understanding of pathophysiology and pinpoint therapeutic strategies, it's imperative to concentrate not solely on the cardiac muscle cells, but also on the elements of the cardiac muscle stroma that can affect their function. The understanding and reconstruction of cardiac tissue at the ultrastructural level, as well as the characterization and interactions of the various cells of the heart have aroused the interest of many research groups. The primary goals of this paper were to conduct a detailed ultrastructural analysis of cardiac pericytes, endothelial cells, and cells associated with the capillary wall, as well as to examine their contacts in the working murine myocardium through various electron microscopic techniques. Initially, the sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy was optimized and a modified protocol to improve the contrast of biological membranes and ensure optimal preservation of the ultrastructure was set up. This refined sample preparation then served as the foundation for producing electron microscopic data sets with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). This facilitated the creation of three-dimensional models of the microvasculature in the murine working myocardium. Detailed ultrastructural analysis in three dimensions revealed new morphological features of the cardiac microvasculature and showed that the cardiac pericytes sporadically give off processes that are associated with the endothelial cells. This not only creates a pericytic-endothelial unit that is surrounded by the same basal lamina, but the reconstruction also showed that the capillary wall-associated cells are very large and widely branched and are not enclosed by the basal lamina surrounding the pericytes and endothelial cells. In isolated cases, they are in direct contact with the endothelial cells. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses reveal that the cells associated with the capillary wall are positive for both CD34 and CD44. Larger-scale studies for further three-dimensional analysis, e.g., in the intima of an arteriole, could contribute to the further characterization of the pericytes and the capillary wall-associated cells and even make a classification possible. The involvement of pericytes in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction has already been demonstrated. Moreover, the membrane proteins CD34 and CD44 hold significant importance in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis. In the future, this could pave the way for innovative approaches for targeted therapies following a myocardial infarction. KW - Perizyt KW - Elektronenmikroskopie KW - Kapillare KW - Herz KW - Kapillarwand-assoziierte Zellen KW - serielle Rasterelektronenmikroskopie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327634 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hüttl, Fabian T1 - Motorische Fertigkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen Störungen – eine retrospektive Analyse T1 - Motor skills of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders - a retrospective analysis N2 - Durch die vorliegende Arbeit konnte störungsübergreifend ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Tag der Motorik-Testung und dem IQ einerseits und den Testbefunden zur Motorik andererseits gezeigt werden. Es gelang nicht, den vermuteten negativen Einfluss von psychosozialen Faktoren auf motorische Fähigkeiten zu demonstrieren. Bezüglich der ADHS-Medikation konnte aufgrund des Studiendesigns als Querschnittstudie keine klare Aussage getroffen werden, ob ein positiver Einfluss auf motorische Fähigkeiten vorliegt. Bei den Patient-/innen mit Hyperkinetischer Störung des Sozialverhaltens (F90.1) fanden sich zwar bei bestehender ADHS-Medikation signifikant bessere Testbefunde der Balance, es konnte jedoch nicht geklärt werden, warum der positive Effekt der ADHS-Medikation nur auf diese Störungsgruppe und den Balance-Untertest der M-ABC II begrenzt war. Im Gruppenvergleich konnten signifikant bessere motorische Fähigkeiten der Patient-/innen mit internalisierender Störung als jener mit externalisierender Störung festgestellt werden. Damit kongruent kam die Diagnose einer UEMF (F82) in der Gruppe der externalisierenden Störungen häufiger vor. Da ein Großteil der Patient-/innen der externalisierenden Störungsgruppe an Defiziten der Aufmerksamkeit, Impulskontrolle und der Motivation litt, ist davon auszugehen, dass diese Symptome zu schwerwiegenden Beeinträchtigungen der motorischen Fähigkeiten und damit auch zu weiteren Problemen im Alltag oder bei der Schullaufbahn führen. Innerhalb der Gruppe der externalisierenden Störungen konnte hinsichtlich der motorischen Fähigkeiten kein Unterschied zwischen Patient-/innen mit Hyperkinetischen Störungen (F90.-) und solchen mit Störung des Sozialverhaltens (F91) gefunden werden. Ein solcher Unterschied hätte einen Hinweis geben können, ob eher Defizite der Aufmerksamkeit und Impulskontrolle oder ein Motivationsdefizit mit motorischen Einschränkungen verbunden sind. Hierbei ist anzumerken, dass die Gruppengrößen für einen validen Vergleich dieser Störungsgruppen nicht ausreichend waren. Der Vergleich motorischer Fähigkeiten sowie der Häufigkeit einer UEMF (F82) zwischen Patient-/innen mit umschriebener Entwicklungsstörung des Sprechens und der Sprache (F80) einerseits und Patient-/innen mit umschriebener Entwicklungsstörung der schulischen Fertigkeiten (F81) andererseits bestätigte die Vermutung, dass bei Patient-/innen der Störungsgruppe F80 schlechtere motorische Fähigkeiten und signifikant mehr motorische Defizite vorlagen. Ein Teil dieses Unterschieds lässt sich jedoch durch den signifikant niedrigeren IQ der Störungsgruppe F80 erklären. Es muss darüber hinaus berücksichtigt werden, dass bei den umschriebenen Entwicklungsstörungen F80 und F81 eine häufige Komorbidität mit externalisierenden Störungen bestand, sodass motorische Defizite auch durch ein ursächliches Defizit der Aufmerksamkeit und Impulskontrolle erklärt werden könnten. N2 - The findings of this dissertation showed a connection between the IQ and the timing of motor function testing with test results in a group of children and adolescents afflicted with a psychiatric disorder. Furthermore differences in motor test results between several diagnostic groups were identified allowing for an insight into the pathogenesis of motor function deficiencies. KW - Motorische Fähigkeit KW - Psychische Störung KW - Motorische Fertigkeiten Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321905 ER - TY - THES A1 - Leopold, Natalia T1 - Einfluss der peripheren Entzündung auf die Permeabilität des Perineuriums im \({N.}\) \(ischiadicus\) sowie auf das lokale Hinterpfotengewebe im FCA-Entzündungsmodell T1 - Influence of a peripheral inflammation on the permeability of the perineurium in the sciatic nerve as well as on the local hind paw tissue in the FCA inflammation model N2 - In früheren Studien wurde gezeigt, dass durch eine mit FCA-induzierte Pfotenentzündung die Permeabilität für hydrophile Analgetika der kleinen Nerven am Entzündungsort zunimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden spezifische Veränderungen von Barriereproteinen des Perineuriums und der Schwannschen Zellen und ihren Regulatoren nach intraplantarer Injektion von FCA lokal in die Hinterpfote und proximal am N. ischiadicus untersucht. Aus früheren Studien ist bekannt, dass vor allem Claudin-1 das Perineurium abdichtet. Daher konzentrierte sich die Arbeit auf Claudin-1 und einen möglichen Einfluss von Claudin-19 aus Schwannschen Zellen. Alle Untersuchungen erfolgten an Wister-Ratten. Zwei Stunden bis 96 Stunden nach der FCA-Injektion in die Hinterpfote waren die Expression sowie die Immunreaktivität von Claudin-1 und die Expression von Claudin-19 im ipsilateralen proximalen Ischiasnerv unverändert. Zudem wurde keine Penetration des Farbstoffes EBA in das Endoneurium und in den Ischiasnerv nach ex vivo Applikation nachgewiesen, was auf eine gute Abdichtung des Perineuriums hinweist. In der entzündeten Pfote selbst allerdings nahm die Expression von Claudin-1 und Claudin-19 ab. Parallel dazu kam es zu einer starken Abnahme des Co-Transkriptionsfaktors β-Catenin in der Pfote, aber nicht im Nerven. β-Catenin steuert die Expression von Claudin-1. Die Behandlung mit einem GSK3 β-Inhibitor bremste die Herunterregulation von Claudin-1 24 Stunden nach der intraplantaren Injektion von FCA ins Hinterpfotengewebe und führte zu einem Wiederanstieg der Konzentration. Daher kann abschließend festgehalten werden, dass eine periphere Entzündung zwar wie erwartet lokal die Barriere öffnet, es aber proximal nicht zu einer Barrierestörung kommt. Dies ist bei der Blut-Hirn-Schranke anders. Diese wird vermutlich über lösliche Faktoren bei Entzündung oder bei Nervenschäden, bei denen sich auch die Barriere im Spinalganglion verändert, durchlässiger. N2 - Previous studies have shown that FCA-induced paw inflammation increases the permeability to hydrophilic analgesics of the small nerves at the site of inflammation. In the present study, specific changes in barrier proteins of the perineurium and Schwann cells and their regulators were investigated following intra-plantar injection of FCA locally into the hind paw and proximally at the sciatic nerve (N. ischiadicus). It is known from previous studies that primarily claudin-1 seals the perineurium. Therefore, the study focused on claudin-1 and a possible influence of claudin-19 from Schwann cells. All examinations were carried out on Wister rats. Two hours to 96 hours after FCA injection into the hind paw, the expression as well as the immunoreactivity of claudin-1 and the expression of claudin-19 in the ipsilateral proximal sciatic nerve were unchanged. In addition, no penetration of the dye EBA intothe endoneurium and sciatic nerve was detected after ex vivo application, indicating a good seal of the perineurium. In the inflamed paw itself, however, the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-19 decreased. In parallel, there was a strong decrease in the co-transcription factor β-catenin in the paw, but not in the nerve. β-catenin controls the expression of claudin-1. Treatment with a GSK3 β inhibitor slowed down the down-regulation of claudin-1 24 hours after intra-plantar injection of FCA into the hind-paw tissue and resulted in a renewed rise in the concentration. Therefore, it can be concluded that although peripheral inflammation opens the barrier locally, as expected, there is no barrier disruption proximally. This is different for the blood-brain barrier. This probably becomes more permeable via soluble factors in the case of inflammation or nerve damage, in which the barrier in the spinal ganglion also changes. KW - perineurium KW - claudin 1 KW - Entzündungsmodell Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322273 ER - TY - THES A1 - Scheffold, Clara Theresa T1 - Der Einfluss rechtsventrikulärer Dysfunktion auf das Gesamtüberleben bei herzinsuffizienten Patient.innen mit mittlerer Ejektionsfraktion - mit und ohne chronisch respiratorische Insuffizienz T1 - The impact of right ventricular dysfunction on overall survival in heart failure patients with intermediate ejection fraction ejection fraction - with and without chronic respiratory failure. N2 - Die Arbeit umfasst die Prüfung prognostischer Determinanten aus der transthorakalen Echokardiographie und wendet diese als prädikative Faktoren für Patient.innen mit und ohne chronische respiratorischer Insuffizienz bei einer chronischen Herzinsuffizienz mit mittlerer Ejektionsfraktion an. N2 - The object of this work is to extract predictive factors from transthroacic echocardiography and to verify them as independent determinants in patients with and without chronic respiratory determinants in the total population of patients with chronic heart failure with intermediate ejection fraction. KW - Chronische Herzinsuffizienz KW - Herzinsuffizienz Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322533 ER - TY - THES A1 - Koller, Veronika T1 - Geburtshilfe des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts in Praxis und Lehre. Kommentierte Edition der 1829 von Leonhard von Muralt (1806-1891) protokollierten Würzburger Vorlesung Professor Joseph Servatius d’Outreponts (1775-1845) T1 - Practiced and taught obestrics of the early 19th century. A annotated edition of the protocol by Leonhard von Muralt (1806-1891) on the lecture held by Professor Joseph Servatius d´Outreponts (1775-1845) in Würzburg N2 - Kommentierte Edition der Vorlesungsmitschrift Leonhard von Muralts aus dem Jahr 1829. Behandelt werden Themen der Geburtshilfe, wie beispielsweise Dammschutz, Wendungen, Kaiserschnitt, Perforation etc. N2 - A commented edition of Leonhard von Muralts protocol (1829) on Joseph d´Outreponts lecture about various topics of obestrics including manual perineal protection, abdominal version, caesarean section and perforation. KW - Geburtshilfe KW - Joseph d'Outrepont Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323769 ER - TY - THES A1 - Peschka, Melissa Edith Renate T1 - Der Einfluss der Wnt-Modulatoren Quercetin und Lithiumchlorid auf die Expression von Somatostatinrezeptoren und CXCR4 in Zelllinien neuroendokriner Tumoren T1 - The influence of wnt-signaling modulators quercetin and lithiumchloride on the expression of somatostatin receptors and cxcr4 in cell lines of neuroendocrine tumors N2 - In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben Inzidenz und Prävalenz von GEP NET deutlich zugenommen (Yao et al. 2008). Den SSTR kommt eine entscheidende Rolle bei zahlreichen etablierten Therapieverfahren zu. Allerdings stoßen die meisten Therapien bei G3 Tumoren oder bei langfristigem Einsatz an ihre Grenzen, was die Etablierung neuer, molekular zielgerichteter Therapien notwendig macht. Die Inhibition des Wnt-Signalweges stellt einen möglichen Ansatzpunkt für Therapien dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es die Wirkung der Wnt-Modulatoren Quercetin und Lithiumchlorid auf die Wnt-Aktivität sowie die Expression von Somatostatinrezeptoren und CXCR4 in den neuroendokrinen Tumorzelllinien QGP-1 und BON-1 zu untersuchen. Durch Real-Time PCR, Western Blots und Immunhistochemie wurden die Effekte auf RNA-, und Proteinebene sowie morphologisch analysiert und ausgewertet. An den verwendeten Zelllinien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Quercetin die Wnt-Signalgebung inhibierte, die SSTR-Expression steigerte und die CXCR4-Expression senkte. Lithiumchlorid bewirkte eine Wnt-Aktivierung und konnte über diesen Weg eine gesteigerte Expression von CXCR4 erzielen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Aktivität des Wnt- Signalwegs und der Befähigung der GEP-NET Zelllinien zur SSTR- und CXCR4-Expression bestand. Die Wnt-Inhibierung kann über den Effekt der Steigerung von SSTR Teil neuer Therapiestrategien sein. So ist z.B. eine „add-on“ Therapie von Wnt-Inhibitoren wie Quercetin zusammen mit der PRRT denkbar. N2 - In the last few centuries there is a rising incidence and prevalence on GEP NET noticed (Yao et al. 2008). SSTR are important for established therapy procedures. But there is limitation for most therapies among G3 tumors and in long-term use. So new therapy strategies are needed. Wnt-signaling inhibitors are a potential agent. Aim of this work was to investigate the influence of wnt-signaling modulators quercetin and lithiumchloride on the expression of SSTR and CXCR4 in neuroendocrine tumor cell lines QGP-1 and BON-1. A real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed. The used cell lines showed that quercetin inhibits wnt-signaling, increases SSTR expression and decreases CXCR4 expression. Lithiumchloride activated Wnt signalling and increased CXCR4 expression. It was shown that there is an association between activated wnt-signaling and the ability of GEP NET cell lines to express SSTR and CXCR4. Wnt inhibition could be part of new strategies for therapy by the effect of increased SSTR expression. For example, an “add on” therapy with wnt inhibitor quercetin in PRRT is a opportunity. KW - Quercetin KW - Neuroendokriner Tumor KW - Wnt KW - GEP-NET Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327386 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sitter, Magdalena Maria T1 - Intensivmedizinische Behandlungen bei SARS-CoV-2 in der Schwangerschaft - Daten aus dem CRONOS-Register T1 - Intensive Care Treatment at SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy — First Data from the CRONOS-Registry N2 - Mit dem Auftreten des SARS-CoV-2 Virus im Jahr 2020 war der Informationsgewinn für vulnerable Patientengruppen essentiell. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es maternale Charakteristika und das klinische Bild SARS-CoV-2 positiver Frauen mit Notwendigkeit einer intensivmedizinischen Behandlung während der Schwangerschaft und postpartal darzustellen, und diese Kohorte mit den SARS-CoV-2 positiven Schwangeren ohne intensivmedizinischen Handlungsbedarf zu vergleichen. Die Daten stammten aus dem deutschen CRONOS-Register, einem prospektiven, multizentrischen Register für SARS-CoV-2 positive schwangere Frauen. Eingeschlossen wurden alle schwangeren und postpartalen Frauen, die während ihrer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion auf eine ITS aufgenommen wurden. Diese wurden hinsichtlich maternaler Charakteristika, Krankheitsverlauf, sowie Outcomes verglichen. In 101 von 2650 Fällen (4%) der Patientinnen des CRONOS-Registers, kam es zu einer Aufnahme auf die ITS. Als invasivste Form der COVID-19 Behandlung war bei 6 Patientinnen nur eine Überwachung notwendig, 30 Patientinnen benötigten eine Sauerstoffinsufflation, 22 wurden nicht-invasiv beatmet, 28 erhielten eine invasive Beatmung und bei 15 Frauen wurde die Behandlung zur ECMO-Therapie eskaliert. Es wurden keine klinisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Patientinnen gefunden, die unterschiedliche Behandlungsformen benötigten. Die Gruppe der ITS und Non-ITS Patientinnen unterschied sich statistisch signifikant beim Einfluss von Alter, BMI bei Einschluss und der Herkunft. Die Prävalenz der Frühgeburtlichkeit war unter den invasiv behandelten Patientinnen signifikant höher und auch im Vergleich der ITS mit den Non-ITS Patientinnen zeigte sich ein signifikanter Unterschied. Vier Frauen verstarben an COVID-19 und sechs Feten der ITS-Gruppe waren Totgeburten. Diese Kohorte zeigt, dass schwere COVID-19 Erkrankung bei schwangeren Frauen und Wöchnerinnen selten sind. Die Frühgeburtenrate ist hoch und COVID-19 mit Notwendigkeit einer Atemunterstützung erhöht das Risiko für ein schlechtes maternales und neonatales Outcome. Unter anderem ein höheres Alter und BMI sind mit einem höheren Risiko für eine ITS-Aufnahme verbunden. N2 - With the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the year 2020, gain of information regarding vulnerable groups of patients was essential. We aimed to describe maternal characteristics and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 positive women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 during pregnancy and postpartum period, based on data of a comprehensive German surveillance system in obstetric patients. Data from COVID-19 Related Obstetric and Neonatal Outcome Study (CRONOS), a prospective multicenter registry for SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women, was analyzed with respect to ICU treatment. All women requiring intensive care treatment for COVID-19 were included and compared regarding maternal characteristics, course of disease, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes. Also the ICU-cohort was compared to the cohort of pregnant and postpartum women not requiring intensive care treatment searching for characteristics and risk factors. Of 2650 cases in CRONOS, 101 women (4%) had a documented ICU stay. As the most invasive form of COVID-19 treatment interventions, patients received either continuous monitoring of vital signs without further treatment requirement (n = 6), insufflation of oxygen (n = 30), non-invasive ventilation (n = 22), invasive ventilation (n = 28), or escalation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 15). No significant clinical differences were identified between patients receiving different forms of ventilatory support for COVID-19. Prevalence of preterm delivery was significantly higher in women receiving invasive respiratory treatments as well as in women receiving intensive care treatment in general. Four women died of COVID-19 and six fetuses were stillborn. Our cohort shows that progression of COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women with admission to ICU is rare. Preterm birth rate is high and COVID-19 requiring respiratory support increases the risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcome. Admission to ICU in this cohort was associated with a higher maternal age and maternal BMI before pregnancy. KW - Schwangerschaft KW - Intensivmedizin KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - Pregnancy KW - Critical Care Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325462 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schüpferling, Anne Marie Heidi T1 - Der Einfluss der Proteasomhemmung durch Bortezomib auf die Aktivierbarkeit humaner Thrombozyten T1 - The role of proteasom activity for activating signaling in human platelets N2 - Bortezomib, ein selektiver und potenter Proteasominhibitor, wird experimentell in der Tumorzellforschung sowie therapeutisch in der Therapie des Multiplen Myeloms eingesetzt. Die Wirkung auf die Thrombozytenfunktion war bislang unzureichend untersucht. Daher evaluiert diese Studie die dosisabhängige Wirkung von Bortezomib auf die Viabilität, die Aggregation von gewaschenen Thrombozyten und auf aktivierende Signalwege in gewaschenen Thrombozyten. Die Thrombozytenviabilität war bei hohen Bortezomibkonzentrationen von 100 - 200 µM vermindert. Passend dazu verminderten 100 - 200 µM Bortezomib die Phosphorylierung der ERK1/2 und der Akt/PKB in humanen Thrombozyten. Im Gegensatz dazu hatten diese hohen Bortezomibkonzentrationen keinen Einfluss auf das Niveau der p38 MAP Kinase-Phosphorylierung in aktivierten Thrombozyten. Die Thrombozytenaggregation, induziert durch hohe Konzentrationen von Kollagen oder TRAP-6, blieb unter 0,1 nM - 200 µM Bortezomib unverändert. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Bortezomib weder die essenziellen, aktivierenden Signalwege noch die Initialisierung der Aggregation relevant beeinflusst. Das zeigt, dass diese Prozesse in Thrombozyten nicht abhängig von der Proteasomaktivität sind. Supramaximale Inhibierung des Proteasomsystems mit Bortezomibkonzentrationen von 100 µM oder mehr führen möglicherweise zu veränderter Thrombozytenreaktionsfähigkeit, welche unter Umständen durch unspezifische und potenziell toxische Effekte mit erniedrigter Zellviabilität verursacht werden. N2 - Bortezomib, a selective and potent proteasome inhibitor, is used experimentally in tumor cell research and therapeutically in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Its effect on platelet function has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, this study evaluates the dose-dependent effects of bortezomib on viability, aggregation of washed platelets and activating signaling pathways in washed platelets. Platelet viability was tampered after incubation with high bortezomib concentrations of 100 - 200 µM. Fittingly, 100 - 200 µM bortezomib decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB in human platelets. In contrast, these high concentrations of bortezomib had no effect on the level of p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation in activated platelets. Furthermore platelet aggregation induced by high concentrations of collagen or TRAP-6 remained unchanged under the influence 0.1 nM - 200 µM bortezomib. In conclusion, bortezomib does not relevantly affect essential activating signaling pathways or the initialization of aggregation. This indicates that these processes in platelets are not dependent on proteasome activity. Supramaximal inhibition of the proteasome system with bortezomib concentrations of 100 µM or above may lead to altered platelet responsiveness, which may be accompanied by nonspecific and potentially toxic effects associated with decreasing cell viability. KW - Thrombozyt KW - Proteasom KW - Bortezomib KW - Thrombozytenaggregation KW - Thrombozyten KW - Proteasomsystem KW - Thrombozytenaktivierung KW - Viabilität KW - Proteasomhemmung Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327551 ER - TY - THES A1 - Haßler, Markus Sebastian T1 - NFATc3 in der akuten GvHD T1 - NFATc3 in acute GvHD N2 - Bei Leukämien, Lymphomen und dem Multiplen Myelom stellt die allogene hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation (allo-HCT) oft die letzte kurative Therapieoption dar. Spender-T-Zellen (v.a. CD8+-T-Zellen), die im Transplantat enthalten sind, erkennen nach Chemo-/Strahlentherapie verbliebene Reste des entarteten Empfängergewebes, eradizieren dieses und verhindern somit ein Tumorrezidiv (Graft-versus-Leukämie Reaktion/GvL). Häufig attackieren Spender-T-Zellen (v.a. CD4+-Th1-Zellen) aber auch nicht-malignes Gewebe (z.B. Haut, Leber und Darm), was bis zum Tod des Patienten führen kann (Graft-versus-Host Disease/GvHD). Calcineurin-Inhibitoren wie Cyclosporin A (CsA) und Tacrolimus, die oft schon prophylaktisch verabreicht werden, verhindern über eine unselektive Inhibition aller Mitglieder der NFAT-Transkriptionsfaktorfamilie (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells) die Aktivierung der Spender-T-Zellen. Es folgt eine klinische Besserung der GvHD-Symptomatik, während jedoch der GvL-Effekt ebenfalls supprimiert wird. Bisherige Untersuchungen unserer Arbeitsgruppe am Mausmodell hatten gezeigt, dass die selektive Inhibition eines NFAT-Familienmitgliedes (NFATc1 oder NFATc2) in den Donor-T-Zellen zu einer signifikanten Besserung der aGvHD bei jedoch erhaltener GvL führt. Es wurde nun der Einfluss des dritten, in Lymphozyten exprimierten NFAT-Mitglieds NFATc3 im Kontext der aGvHD untersucht. Zur Basisanalyse der neu kreierten Nfatc3fl/fl.Cd4cre- und Nfatc1fl/fl.Nfatc3fl/fl.Cd4cre-Mauslinien erfolgten durchflusszytometrische und Western-Blot-Analysen. Anschließend wurden In-vivo-Untersuchungen unter Verwendung eines etablierten major-mismatch-aGvHD-Modells (H-2b→H-2d) durchgeführt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch eine NFATc3- (+/- NFATc1-) Defizienz direkt ex vivo die CD4+/CD8+-Ratio durch Abnahme der CD4+- hin zu den CD8+-T-Zellen verschoben wird. Auch zeigte sich in den entsprechenden Genotypen eine Abnahme der naiven- und dafür vice versa eine Zunahme der Effektor-T-Zellen. In den wiederholt durchgeführten aGvHD-Versuchen zeigte sich in vivo als Korrelat der (ebenfalls erneut nachgewiesenen) Abnahme des CD4+/CD8+-Quotienten in den Zielorganen eine geringere Expansion der NFAT-defizienten als der wildtypischen T-Zellen. Leider spiegelte sich dies nicht in dem clinical score zur Quantifizierung der aGvHD-Symptomatik wider. Auch das Körpergewicht der Versuchsgruppe nahm rapide ab. Ursächlich hierfür ist – als Korrelat zur direkt ex vivo nachgewiesenen Aktivierungsneigung – ein vermehrter Th1-Shift der NFATc3 (+/-NFATc1-) defizienten T-Zellen. Eine Inhibierung von NFATc3 – im Gegensatz zu NFATc1 und NFATc2 – ist demzufolge kein sinnvoller Ansatzpunkt für eine mögliche, zielgerichtetere aGvHD-Therapie. Der positive Effekt der reduzierten Proliferationsneigung der NFATc3-defizienten Lymphozyten wird durch deren vermehrte Aktivierungsneigung mit erhöhter Sekretion von pro-inflammatorischen Zytokinen zunichte gemacht. N2 - In malignant diseases such as multiple myeloma, leukemia and lymphoma the allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) often represents the final curative treatment option. Donor T cells (esp. CD8+ T cells) within the graft recognize and eradicate tumor cells which have remained after chemo- and radiotherapy. This graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect can prevent tumor relapses. However, donor T cells (esp. CD4+ Th1 cells) often attack non-malignant tissue (e.g. skin, liver, colon) with potentially life-threatening consequences for the host. (Graft-versus-host disease = GvHD). To prevent the development of aGvHD, calcineurin-inhibitors (CNI) like cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus are often administered prophylactically. By means of an unselective suppression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors, both drugs inhibit the activation of donor T cells. While leading to a clinical improvement of the GvHD-symptoms, coevally, the GvL effect is also suppressed. Previous research of our study group showed that a selective inhibition of one NFAT family member (NFATc1 oder NFATc2) in donor T cells leads to a significant decline of aGvHD symptoms while maintaining GvL. We have now analysed the iκluence of NFATc3, the third NFAT member expressed in lymphocytes, in context of aGvHD. Initially we analysed the new created Nfatc3fl/fl.Cd4cre- and Nfatc1fl/fl.Nfatc3fl/fl.Cd4cre-mouse strains by western blot and flow cytometry. Subsequently, these were followed by in vivo studies, using an already established major-mismatch-aGvHD-model (H-2b→H-2d). It could be shown that directly ex vivo a NFATc3- (+/- NFATc1-) deficiency leads to a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. This is mainly caused by a diminution of CD4+ T cell population, while the CD8+ population remains unaffected. Furthermore, a lower number of naive but an increased number of effector T cells has been observed. This effect (which was also present in the aGvHD-experiments) correlated in vivo with a decreased expansion of NFAT-deficient T cells – compared to wild type T cells – in target organs. Unfortunately, the expected clinical improvement could not be demonstrated. The clinical score which objectifies the aGvHD-symptoms, as well as the body weight of the mice in the experimental group declined rapidly, comparable with or even worse than in the control group due to an increased Th1-shift of the NFATc3- (+/- NFATc1) deficient T cells. This also correlates with the increased effector function which has been observed in the previous ex vivo experiments. In conclusion an inhibition of NFATc3 – in contrast to NFATc1 or NFATc2 – is not a useful target point for a more specific aGvHD-therapy. The positive effect of a reduced proliferation in NFATc3-deficient lymphocytes is over-compensated by their augmented activation. KW - Transplantat-Wirt-Reaktion KW - Gvhd KW - Transplantatabstoßung KW - NFAT KW - NFATc3 KW - GvL KW - Stammzelltransplantation KW - allogenic stem cell transplantation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323681 ER - TY - THES A1 - Franke, Christian T1 - Gelenkknorpelintegration im Tissue Engineering: Untersuchung von Polyethylenglykol- und Hyaluronsäure-Komponenten für ein Adhäsivum und Etablierung eines biomechanischen Versuchsmodells T1 - Articular cartilage integration in tissue engineering: Investigation of polyethylene glycol and hyaluronic acid components for an adhesive and establishment of a biomechanical test model N2 - Gelenkknorpel besitzt aufgrund seiner avaskulären Natur und der fehlenden mitotischen Aktivität der Chondrozyten bei Schäden kaum Potential zur Selbstheilung. Traumatische Läsionen und degenerative Veränderungen münden im Krankheitsbild der Osteoarthrose, welches mit dem Untergang des Gelenkknorpels einhergeht. Ein neuerer Therapieansatz ist das Tissue Engineering von Gelenkknorpel, wobei jedoch die laterale Integration der Implantate mit dem nativen Knorpelgewebe problematisch bleibt. Ein Adhäsivum kann neben einer adäquaten Sofortadhäsion die Langzeitintegration fördern. In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene Polyethylenglykol (PEG)-basierte Zweikomponentenkleber, ausgehend vom kommerziell erhältlichen Gewebekleber CoSeal™, auf ihre Eignung für Gelenkknorpel untersucht. Dabei wurde Hyaluronsäure (HA) als physiologischer Bestandteil von Gelenkknorpel in thiolierter Form (HA-SH) als Komponente verwendet und auf seine prointegrativen Eigenschaften untersucht. Der den CoSeal™-Komponenten entsprechende 4-Succinimidyl-Glutarat/4-Thiol-PEG (4SG/4T-PEG)-Kleber hatte sich trotz seiner hohen Sofortadhäsionskraft auch nach der Substitution des 4T-PEG mit HA-SH als zu schnell in flüssiger Umgebung degradierend gezeigt, um eine suffiziente Langzeitintegration zu erreichen. Durch die Verwendung der langsamer degradierenden funktionellen 4-Succinimidyl-Carbonat-PEG (4C-PEG)-Komponente konnte die Langzeitadhäsionskraft in Kombination mit 4-Amin-PEG (4A-PEG) durch die stabilere Amid-Bindung zum einen und in Kombination mit HA-SH zum anderen signifikant gesteigert werden. Immunhistochemisch konnten bei beiden HA-haltigen Klebern Zeichen von Knorpelintegration nachgewiesen werden, während der 4C/4A-PEG-Kleber keine Integrationszeichen aufwies. Im 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromid (MTT)-Assay war bei keinem Adhäsivum eine zytotoxische Wirkung zu erkennen. Insgesamt bieten die untersuchten PEG-basierten Adhäsiva im Vergleich zu den weitverbreiteten Fibrinklebern eine deutlich höhere Sofortadhäsion, welche vergleichbar mit glutaraldehydbasierten Klebern ist. Allerdings können die initialen adhäsiven Kräfte, trotz histologisch nachweisbaren Integrationszeichen bei Inkorporation von HA, nicht langfristig aufrechterhalten werden, so dass Fibrinkleber weiterhin die Spitzengruppe in Sachen Langzeitadhäsion bilden. Da PEG eine ausgezeichnete Biokompatibilität, einfache Anwendbarkeit und zahlreiche weitere chemische Anpassungsmöglichkeiten zur Feinabstimmung der Degradationseigenschaften bietet, ist in Zukunft ein erfolgreicher Einsatz auch im Bereich von Gelenkknorpel denkbar. Für die experimentelle Untersuchung von Adhäsiva und Gelenkknorpel werden biomechanische Versuchsmodelle benötigt. Der Tensile-Test des Sandwich-Modells konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erfolgreich etabliert und ein Protokoll festgelegt werden. In einem vergleichenden Versuch mit dem Push-Out-Test des Disc-Ring-Modells, welches als Referenzmodell dient, konnte in Bezug auf die Reproduzierbarkeit und Qualität der Messergebnisse die Gleichwertigkeit gezeigt werden. Insgesamt bietet er eine gute Alternative zum Push-Out-Test, um weiterführende Fragestellung, wie z.B. extrinsische Kraftwirkungen auf das Konstrukt, zu untersuchen. N2 - Articular cartilage has little potential for self-healing due to its avascular nature and the lack of mitotic activity of chondrocytes in case of damage. Traumatic injuries and degenerative changes lead to the development of osteoarthritis, which is characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage. A more recent therapeutic approach is tissue engineering of articular cartilage, but the lateral integration of implants with native cartilage tissue remains problematic. An adhesive can promote long-term integration in addition to adequate immediate adhesion. In this thesis, various polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based two-component adhesives, derived from the commercially available tissue adhesive CoSeal™, were investigated for their suitability for articular cartilage. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a physiological component of articular cartilage, was used as a component in its thiolated form (HA-SH) and examined for its pro-integrative properties. Despite its high immediate adhesive strength, the 4-succinimidyl-glutarate/4-thiol-PEG (4SG/4T-PEG) adhesive, whose components correspond to the CoSeal™ components, showed rapid degradation in a liquid environment even after substituting the 4T-PEG-component with HA-SH, which hindered sufficient long-term integration. By using the slower degrading functional 4-succinimidyl-carbonate-PEG (4C-PEG) component, the long-term adhesive strength was significantly increased in combination with 4-amine-PEG (4A-PEG) due to the resulting more stable amide bond an in combination with HA-SH. Immunohistochemical analysis showed signs of cartilage integration for both HA-containing adhesives, while the 4C/4A-PEG-adhesive showed no signs of integration. In the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, none of the adhesives exhibited cytotoxic effects. Overall, the investigated PEG-based adhesives offer a significantly higher immediate adhesive strength compared to the widely used fibrin glues, which is comparable to glutaraldehyde-based adhesives. However, despite histologically detectable signs of integration when HA was incorporated, the initial adhesive forces cannot be maintained in the long term, so fibrin glue continues to be at the forefront in terms of long-term adhesion. Since PEG offers excellent biocompatibility, easy applicability, and numerous other chemical customization options for fine-tuning degradation properties, successful use in the field of articular cartilage is conceivable in the future. For the experimental investigation of adhesives and articular cartilage, biomechanical test models are required. The tensile test of the sandwich model including a corresponding protocol was successfully established in this thesis. In a comparative experiment with the push-out test of the disc-ring model, which serves as a reference model, equivalence was demonstrated in terms of reproducibility and quality of test results. Overall, it provides a good alternative to the push-out test for investigating further questions, such as extrinsic force effects on the construct. KW - Knorpel KW - Hyaluronsäure KW - Gewebekleber KW - Polyethylenglykol KW - Knorpelintegration Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323375 ER - TY - THES A1 - Warm, Tobias Dominik T1 - Einstellung von Pflegeheimbewohnenden zur vorausschauenden Versorgungsplanung T1 - Attitudes of nursing home residents towards advance care planning N2 - Hintergrund: Aufgrund des demographischen Wandels nimmt der Anteil der Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland zu. Aktuelle Erhebungen zeigen, dass der Einzug in stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen erst in höherem Lebensalter und bei steigenden Komorbiditäten erfolgt, womit ein erhöhter Bedarf an medizinischer und pflegerischer Versorgung einhergeht. Ziele der Studie: Durch die Befragung der Pflegeheimbewohnenden sollten Erkenntnisse über eine bereits erfolgte Vorsorgedokumentation und deren Versorgungswünsche am Lebensende gewonnen werden. Methodik: Es wurde eine multizentrische, explorative Beobachtungsstudie als Vollerhebung in elf bayerischen Pflegeeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte vor Ort durch den Promovierenden mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens im Zeitraum von April 2018 bis Mai 2019. Im Zuge der statistischen Auswertung wurden deskriptive Statistiken erstellt, Gruppenunterschiede wurden zweiseitig mittels Fisher-Exakt-Test auf Unabhängigkeit hin überprüft und paarweise Gruppenvergleiche durch binäre logistische Regression durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Von 1207 wurden 269 (22,3 %) Pflegeheimbewohnende in die Studie eingeschlossen. Von den Studienteilnehmenden hatten sich 55 % bereits intensiver mit dem eigenen Sterben auseinandergesetzt. 50,9 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden wünschten im Falle einer zum Tode führenden Erkrankung eine alleinige pflegerische und medizinische Versorgung in der Einrichtung. 19,7 % wünschten in diesem Fall eine Klinikeinweisung, aber den Verzicht auf Anwendung invasiver Therapiemaßnahmen. Ein Wunschsterbeort lag bei 65,4 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden vor. Von diesen wünschten 76,7 % in der Pflegeeinrichtung zu versterben. 71,7 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden wünschten, nicht allein zu versterben. Über ihre Versorgungswünsche hatten bereits 45,7 % aller Studienteilnehmenden eine andere Person, mehrheitlich die eigenen Angehörigen, informiert. 49,1 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden wünschten sich eine Erfassung der Versorgungswünsche direkt bei Einzug in die Einrichtung. In 63,6 % der Fälle lag mindestens ein schriftliches Vorsorgedokument vor. Eine Patientenverfügung hatten 45,5 %, eine Vorsorgevollmacht 46,5 % der Pflegeheimbewohnenden verfasst. Schlussfolgerungen: Pflegeheimbewohnende haben mehrheitlich konkrete Vorstellungen für ihre Versorgung am Lebensende. Die vorhandenen Versorgungswünsche sollten auf Wunsch der Pflegeheimbewohnenden erfasst werden, um eine entsprechende Versorgung auch im Falle einer eintretenden Einwilligungsunfähigkeit zu ermöglichen. Der Zeitpunkt der Erfassung der Versorgungswünsche sollte im Hinblick auf das steigende Lebensalter bei Einzug in deutsche Pflegeeinrichtungen und auf die altersbedingt steigende Rate an kognitiven Einschränkungen möglichst frühzeitig gewählt werden. Hierbei stellen Konzepte der vorausschauenden Versorgungsplanung eine Möglichkeit dar, um einen Dialog zwischen den beteiligten Akteuren zu ermöglichen. N2 - Background: Due to demographic change, the proportion of people in need of long-term care in Germany is increasing. Current surveys show that people only move into inpatient care facilities at an older age and with increasing comorbidities, which is accompanied by an increased need for medical and nursing care. Aims of the study: The survey of nursing home residents was intended to gain insights into existing precautionary documentation and their wishes for care at the end of life. Material and Methods: A multicentre explorative observational study was conducted as a full survey in eleven Bavarian care facilities. Data collection was carried out on site by the PhD student using a standardised questionnaire in the period from April 2018 to May 2019. During statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were compiled, group differences were tested two-sided for independence using Fisher’s exact test and pairwise group comparisons were carried out using binary logistic regression. Results: Out of 1207, 269 (22.3%) nursing home residents were included in the study. Of the study participants, 55% had already dealt more intensively with their own dying. 50.9% of the nursing home residents wanted sole nursing and medical care in the facility in the event of an illness leading to death. In this case, 19.7% wanted to be admitted to hospital, but did not want invasive therapy measures to be used. A desired place of death was present in 65.4% of the nursing home residents. Of these, 76.7% wished to die in the nursing home. 71.7% of the nursing home residents did not wish to die alone. 45.7% of all study participants had already informed another person, mostly their own relatives, about their care wishes. 49.1% of the nursing home residents wanted their care wishes to be recorded directly when they moved into the facility. In 63.6% of the cases, at least one written advance directive was available. 45.5% of the nursing home residents had written a living will, 46.5% a health care proxy. Conclusions: The majority of nursing home residents have concrete ideas about their care at the end of life. The existing care wishes should be recorded at the request of the nursing home residents in order to enable appropriate care even in the event of incapacity to consent. The time of recording the care wishes should be chosen as early as possible in view of the increasing age at the time of moving into German nursing homes and the age-related increase in the rate of cognitive impairments. Here, concepts of advance care planning are a possibility to enable a dialogue between the actors involved. KW - Versorgungsplanung KW - Pflegeheim KW - Patientenverfügung KW - Vorsorgevollmacht KW - Betreuungsverfügung KW - Advance Care Planning KW - Pflegeheimbewohnende KW - Versorgungswünsche KW - Shared Decision Making Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323739 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lucius, Leonie Johanna T1 - Die endovaskuläre Therapie der malignen unteren Einflussstauung mit dem Sinus-XL® Stent T1 - Endovascular therapy of malignant obstruction of the inferior vena cava with the Sinus-XL® stent system N2 - Die interventionelle Radiologie hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend auf palliativmedizinische sowie onkologische Bereiche ausgeweitet und kann durch minimal-invasive Therapieoptionen gerade in vulnerablen Patientenkollektiven attraktive Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stellen. Die tumorbedingte untere Einflussstauung ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und stellt eine schwere symptomatische Komplikation einer malignen Grunderkrankung dar. Dabei kommt es im Rahmen dieser Grunderkrankung durch die Primärtumormasse oder Metastasen zu extrinsischer Kompression der Vena cava inferior (VCI), Gefäßinvasion oder Thrombusbildung. Ziel der Dissertationsarbeit ist es, den technischen und klinischen Erfolg der Sinus-XL ® Stentimplantation in die Vena cava inferior bei einer tumorbedingten unteren Einflussstauung zu untersuchen. Als technischer Erfolg wurde dabei die problemlose Stentimplantation mit anschließender Aufhebung der VCI-Stenose/Okklusion und Revaskularisation der VCI definiert. Bezüglich des klinischen Erfolges wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die Stentimplantation die typischen Symptome einer unteren Einflussstauung (Ödeme der unteren Extremität, Aszites und Anasarka) lindern und bestenfalls eliminieren kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sind dazu retrospektiv die Daten von insgesamt 21 Patienten (11 Frauen, 10 Männer) mit einem medianen Alter von 61 Jahren (19-92 Jahre), die zwischen Oktober 2010 und Januar 2021 aufgrund einer tumorbedingten unteren Einflussstauung mit einem Sinus-XL ® Stent endovaskulär versorgt wurden, ausgewertet worden. Zur Quantifizierung der klinischen Symptomatik wurde für das jeweilige Symptom ein Scoring-System entwickelt bzw. modifiziert. Der technische Erfolg belief sich auf 100% (21/21). Postinterventionell konnte zudem eine signifikante Reduktion des transstenotischen Druckgradienten (p = 0,008) und eine signifikante Aufweitung des Stenosendiameters (p < 0,001) erreicht werden. Die primäre und primär-assistierte Stentoffenheit betrug 92,9 % (13/14) und 100% (14/14), die anatomische Stentoffenheit (< 50% Restenose) belief sich auf 53,3 % (8/15). Die Reinterventionsrate lag bei 4,8 % (1/21). Schwerwiegende Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Der klinische Erfolg bezüglich der Ödeme der unteren Extremität belief sich auf 82,4 % (14/17), 93,8 % (15/16) sowie auf 85,7 % (18/21) und zeigte in allen betrachteten Zeitintervallen eine signifikante Scorewertreduktion (p < 0,001). Das klinische Outcome bezüglich der Ödeme war bei kürzeren Stenosen/Obstruktionen signifikant besser (p = 0,025). Bezüglich einer intrahepatischen Segmentbeteiligung, der transstenotischen Druckgradienten, der absoluten Gradientenreduktion sowie der Überlebenszeit nach der Intervention zeigten sich hingegen keine als klinisch relevant einzustufende Ergebnisse. Ein eindeutiger Effekt der Intervention auf die Symptome Anasarka und Aszites konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Diesbezüglich zeigten sich klinische Erfolgsraten von 42,9 % (6/14) und 5,3 % (1/19). Im postinterventionellen Verlauf konnten außerdem signifikante Reduktionen der präinterventionellen Harnstoffwerte sowie des Körpergewichtes der Patienten verzeichnet werden. Zusammenfassend zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit, dass die Sinus-XL ® Stentimplantation geeignet ist, eine tumorbedingte Vena cava inferior-Stenose/Obstruktion aufzuheben und eine Revaskularisation der VCI zu erreichen. Die klinischen Symptome einer unteren Einflussstauung – insbesondere bezogen auf die Ödeme der unteren Extremität und mit Einschränkungen bezogen auf die Symptome Aszites und Anasarka – können ebenfalls durch die Stentimplantation gelindert und teilweise sogar langanhaltend eliminiert werden. Die Sinus-XL ® Stentimplantation sollte daher stets als Therapieoption bei tumorbedingten unteren Einflussstauungen in Erwägung gezogen werden. Nicht zuletzt stellt die Stentimplantation auch eine sichere und komplikationsarme Intervention dar. Weitere Studien, bestenfalls multizentrische Studien, sind jedoch notwendig, um die dargestellten Ergebnisse weiter zu untermauern. N2 - In recent decades interventional radiology has increasingly expanded into palliative as well as oncologic settings and can provide attractive treatment options through minimal-invasive therapies, especially in vulnerable patient populations. Malignant obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare clinical condition and represents a severe symptomatic complication of an underlying malignant disease. Extrinsic compression of the inferior vena cava, vascular invasion or thrombus formation occur as part of the underlying disease. The aim of this work is to investigate the technical and clinical success of Sinus-XL ® stent implantation into the inferior vena cava in case of malignant obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Technical success was defined as the successful stent implantation with subsequent resolution of the stenosis/occlusion and revascularization of the IVC. Regarding clinical success, the question was addressed to what extent stent implantation can alleviate and, at best, eliminate the typical symptoms of malignant IVC obstruction (lower extremity edema, ascites and anasarca). Therefore data from a total of 21 patients (11 women, 10 men) with a median age of 61 years (19-92 years) who underwent endovascular treatment with a Sinus-XL ® stent for malignant IVC obstruction between October 2010 and January 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. In order to quantify the extent of the clinical symptoms a scoring system was developed or modified for each symptom. The technical success was 100% (21/21). After the intervention a significant reduction of the transstenotic pressure gradient (p = 0.008) and a significant widening of the stenotic diameter (p < 0.001) were achieved. Primary and primary-assisted stent patency were 92.9% (13/14) and 100% (14/14), anatomic stent patency (< 50% restenosis) was 53.3% (8/15). The reintervention rate was 4.8% (1/21). No major complications occurred. The clinical outcome regarding lower extremity edema was 82.4% (14/17), 93.8% (15/16), and 85.7% (18/21), showing a significant score reduction in all time intervals considered (p < 0.001). Clinical outcome regarding edema was significantly better with shorter stenosis/obstruction (p = 0.025). In contrast, with regard to intrahepatic segment involvement, transstenotic pressure gradients, absolute gradient reduction, and survival time after the intervention, there were no results that could be classified as clinically relevant. A clear effect of the intervention on the symptoms of anasarca and ascites could not be demonstrated. In this regard, clinical success rates of 42.9% (6/14) and 5.3% (1/19) were shown. In the post-interventional course, significant reductions of the pre-interventional urea levels as well as of the patients´ body weight could also be recorded. In conclusion, the present work shows that Sinus-XL ® stent implantation is suitable to resolve malignant IVC obstruction and to achieve revascularization of the IVC. The clinical symptoms - especially related to lower extremity edema and with limitations related to the symptoms of ascites and anasarca - can be alleviated by stent implantation and in some cases even eliminated. Sinus-XL ® stent implantation should therefore always be considered as a therapeutic option for malignant IVC obstruction. Last but not least, stent implantation also represents a safe and low-complication intervention. However, further studies, at best multicenter studies, are necessary to further substantiate the presented results. KW - Vena cava inferior KW - Stent KW - Interventionsradiologie KW - Onkologie KW - maligne untere Einflussstauung KW - endovaskuläre Therapie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326691 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maukner, Alfred T1 - Individualisierte Chemotherapie mit Streptozotocin beim Nebennierenrindenkarzinom T1 - Personalized chemotherapy with streptozotocin for adrenocortical carcinoma N2 - Die Chemotherapie eines Nebennierenrindenkarzinomes gestaltet sich als insgesamt schwierig, da nur wenige prognostische Faktoren existieren. Ein mögliches Chemotherapie-Regime beinhaltet Streptozotocin, ein alkylierendes Chemotherapeutikum, welches Guanin in Methylguanin alkyliert. Das andere verwendete Therapieregime umfasst EDP. Die FIRM-ACT Studie war die erste randomisierte Studie, welche die beiden Chemotherapie Regime EDP und STZ in Kombination mit Mitotan in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen ACC analysierte. Hier konnte ein signifikant längeres progressionsfreies Überleben bei der Behandlung mit EDP + M (5 Monate) vs. STZ + M (2,1 Monate) festgestellt werden. Ein objektives Ansprechen des Tumors zeigte sich bei EDP + M bei (35 von 151 Patienten) und bei STZ + M bei (14 von 153) Patienten. Es folgte daher die Empfehlung im Versorgungsalltag EDP + M als Erstlinientherapie einzusetzen. Zur Evaluierung eines möglichen Ansprechens von STZ wurde der Methylierungsstatus von MGMT analysiert. MGMT ist ein Protein, welches Alkylierungen durch Bindung entfernt und repariert Methylguanin in Guanin. Eine Hypermethylierung führt zu einer reduzierten Expression von MGMT und folglich zu einer verminderten Reparaturkapazität. Dies führt insgesamt zu einem besseren Ansprechen der alkylierenden Chemotherapie mit längerem progressionsfreiem Überleben und Gesamtüberleben. In der Kohorte konnten dabei zwei Amplicons des MGMT-Gens mit einem statistisch signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Responder und Non-Responder festgestellt werden. Zudem untersuchten wir die Expression von GLUT-2, welcher STZ über die Zellmembran transportiert. Vier der untersuchten Proben zeigten jedoch keine membranäre Expression, diese waren Non-Responder, sodass die membranäre Expression von GLUT-2 eine erste Voraussetzung für die Aufnahme von STZ in Tumorzellen zu sein scheint. Entsprechend der Ergebnisse kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass der Methylierungsstatus der Promotorregion des MGMT-Gens als prognostischer Faktor zur Therapieentscheidung mit STZ hinzugezogen werden sollte, wenn die Tumorzellen GLUT-2 membranär exprimieren. Insgesamt könnte dies der erste Schritt einer individualisierten/stratifizierten Chemotherapie beim fortgeschrittenen ACC mit STZ sein. N2 - The cytotoxic treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is challenging, and only a few prognostic indicators are available. One of the established cytotoxic treatments involves the use of streptozotocin (STZ). STZ is an alkylating agent that methylates guanine to form methylguanine. Another treatment option consists of etoposide, doxorubicin, and platin (EDP). The FIRM ACT Study was the first international randomized study to compare these therapeutic regimes in combination with mitotane (M). The results of the FIRM ACT Study revealed a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) in the EDP + M treatment group (5 months) compared to the STZ + M group (2,1 months). Additionally, a higher rate of objective tumor response (ORR) was achieved in the EDP + M group (35 out of 151 patients) compared to the STZ + M group (14 out of 152 patients). As a conclusion of the study, EDP + M was recommended in therapy guidelines as first-line therapy in the cytotoxic treatment of ACC. Overall, however, the study results also indicate, especially due to no statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS), that there are indeed patients who benefit from therapy with STZ + M. To identify patients who might benefit from STZ + M treatment, the methylation status of the methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter was examined. MGMT is a protein responsible for repairing methylguanine to guanine. Hypermethylation of the MGMT gene leads to reduced production of MGMT and a decreased capacity to repair methylguanine. This in turn may result in a better response to alkylating cytotoxic treatment, potentially leading to longer PFS and OS. Within the examined cohort, two regions of the MGMT gene showed significantly higher methylation in patients who responded to STZ therapy compared to the non-responder group. Furthermore, the expression of GLUT-2 (a glucose transporter) was assessed using immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells. GLUT-2 enables the transport of STZ into the cells. In the analyzed cohort, four patients showed no GLUT-2 staining, and all of them were non-responder. This suggests that GLUT-2 plays a crucial role in STZ treatment. Based on the examination results, the presence of GLUT-2 is a primary requirement to predict a potential response to STZ. The subsequent step involves assessing the promoter methylation status of MGMT, which serves as a prognostic factor in deciding the treatment approach for ACC with STZ. This could mark the initial steps in the process of personalizing and stratifying cytotoxic treatment for ACC using STZ. KW - Streptozocin KW - Nebennierenrindenkrebs KW - Streptozotocin KW - Chemotherapie KW - Nebennierenrindenkarzinom KW - adrenocortical carcinoma Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325675 ER - TY - THES A1 - Eiter [verh. Seidl], Rafael T1 - Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Wundsekret auf Zellvermehrung, Chemoresistenzentwicklung, Zellzyklus und die Induktion einer Epithelial-mesenchymalen Transition in Tumorzellen von Kopf und Hals T1 - Studies on the influence of wound fluid on cell proliferation, development of chemoresistance, cell cycle and the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in head and neck tumor cells N2 - Tumore von Kopf und Hals gehen weiterhin mit einer schlechten Prognose einher. Im Rahmen einer operativen Therapie tritt Wundsekret (WS) aus, welches der Wundheilung dient. Dieses kann in Kontakt mit Tumorzellen bzw. Resttumor in der Wunde kommen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Frage nach dem Einfluss von Wundsekret auf Zellvermehrung, Chemoresistenzentwicklung, den Zellzyklus und die Induktion einer Epithelial-mesenchymalen Transition (EMT) in Tumorzellen von Kopf und Hals gestellt. Hierfür wurde das WS von Tag1 und das WS von Tag 2 im Dotblot auf seine Zytokinzusammensetzung analysiert. Zwei Tumorzelllinien von Kopf und Hals, FaDu und HlaC78, wurden mit WSTag1 und WSTag2 behandelt und untersucht, welche Effekte das WS auf die Zellen hat. Verwendet wurden ein Proliferationsassay, eine Zellzyklusuntersuchung und Apoptosetestung mittels FACS, eine PCR, ein Spheroidmodell und die Lichtmikroskopie. Im WS wurden erhöhte Konzentrationen verschiedener Zytokine, insbesondere von IL-6, nachgewiesen. Gezeigt werden konnte eine gesteigerte Proliferationsrate der Tumorzellen unter WS-Behandlung, jedoch keine veränderte Verteilung der Zellzyklusphasen. In HlaC78-Zellen konnte eine vermehrte Vitalität nach Cisplatinbehandlung nachgewiesen werden. In beiden Tumorzelllinien fand sich eine vermehrte Exprimierung von Snail 1, Snail 2 und Vimentin. E-Cadherin wurde vermindert exprimiert. Twist und N-Cadherin wiesen keine Veränderungen auf. Es zeigte sich eine vermehrte Migration der Tumorzellen in die Umgebung. Die Zellen wiesen nach Behandlung mit WS vermehrt mesenchymale Zeichen auf. Es konnte kein Unterschied der Auswirkungen einer Behandlung mit WSTag1 im Vergleich zu einer Behandlung mit WSTag2 festgestellt werden. Insgesamt scheint WS in Tumorzellen von Kopf und Hals einen EMT-artigen Prozess in Gang zu setzen, also eine partial EMT (pEMT). Als mögliche Auslöser dieser Veränderungen kommen die im WS nachgewiesenen Zytokine und v. a. IL-6 in Frage. N2 - Tumors of the head and neck continue to be associated with a poor prognosis. In the course of surgical therapy, wound fluid (WF) may come into contact with tumor cells or residual tumor in the wound. In this study, the influence of wound fluid on cell proliferation, development of chemoresistance, the cell cycle and the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells of the head and neck was investigated. Therefore, WF from day 1 and WF from day 2 were analyzed for their cytokine composition by Dotblot. The effects of WF from day 1 and WF from day 2 on two tumor cell lines of the head and neck, FaDu and HlaC78, were investigated using a proliferation assay, a cell cycle assay and an apoptosis assay via FACS, PCR, a spheroid model and light microscopy. Increased concentrations of various cytokines, especially IL-6, were detected in the WF. An increased proliferation rate of tumor cells under WF treatment could be shown. There was no alteration in the distribution of cell cycle phases, however. In HlaC78 cells an increased vitality after cisplatin treatment could be proven. Increased expression of Snail 1, Snail 2, and Vimentin was found in both tumor cell lines. The expression of E-cadherin was decreased. Twist and N-cadherin showed no changes. Increased migration of tumor cells to the surrounding area could be seen. Cells showed more mesenchymal signs after treatment with WF. No difference in the effects of treatment with WF from day 1 compared to treatment with WF from day 2 was observed. Overall, WF appears to initiate an EMT-like process in tumor cells of the head and neck, this is called partial EMT (pEMT). Possible inducers of these changes are the cytokines and in particular IL-6 that have been found in WF. KW - Wundheilung KW - Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Tumor KW - Cytokine KW - Zellzyklus KW - Cisplatin KW - Epithelial-mesenchymale Transition KW - Wundsekret KW - IL-6 KW - Zellvermehrung KW - in vitro Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326782 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kloos, Kerstin T1 - Über die Effekte von Hyperthermie und Zytostatika auf die Tumorzellproliferation, Apoptose und Expression von Heat Shock Proteinen im Kolonkarzinom T1 - Effects of hyperthermia and cytostatic drugs on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of heat shock proteins in colon carcinoma N2 - Die Kombination aus zytoreduktiver Chirurgie und einer anschließenden hyperthermen intraperitonealen Chemoperfusion (HIPEC) stellt sich als vielversprechende Therapiestrategie bei ausgesuchten Patienten mit Peritonealkarzinose, z. B. des kolorektalen Karzinoms, dar. Die intraperitoneale Chemoperfusion kombiniert eine lokale Hochdosis-Chemotherapie mit einer Hyperthermie. Hitzeschockproteinen (HSP) kommt dabei eine bedeutende Rolle zu, da sie infolge von zellulären Stressfaktoren wie Hitze oder Zytostatika-bedingter Chemotoxizität induziert werden. HSPs setzen Reparatur- und Zellschutzmechanismen in Gang und vermindern so in einzelnen überlebenden Tumorzellen möglicherweise den gewünschten Therapieerfolg der HIPEC. Ziel der Arbeit war es, mithilfe eines bereits etablierten in vitro HIPEC-Modells die Auswirkungen der äußeren Stressoren Hyperthermie und Zytostatika auf die Expression von Hitzeschockproteinen (HSP27, HSP70 und HSP90) in drei humanen Kolonkarzinomzelllinien zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die Zelllinien HT29, SW480 und SW620 jeweils mit und ohne Zytostatika (Mitomycin C, MMC und Oxaliplatin, OXA) für eine Stunde drei verschiedenen Temperaturstufen von 37°C als Normothermie, 41°C und 43°C als Hyperthermie ausgesetzt und nach einer Regenerationszeit von 30 min, 24 h, 48 h und 72 h mit Hilfe von RT-qPCR-Analysen und Western Blots untersucht. Zudem wurden nach gleichem Ablauf Effekte der HIPEC auf die Tumorzellproliferation und Apoptose mittels Proliferationsmarkern Ki-67, PCNA und MTS-Tests sowie dem antiapoptotischen Protein Bcl-xL in in vitro Tumorzellansätzen sowie in ex vivo Patientenproben vor und nach HIPEC analysiert. Sowohl die einstündige Chemotherapie mit Mitomycin C oder Oxaliplatin unter hyperthermen Bedingungen als auch die isolierte Hyperthermiebehandlung führte im Vergleich zu normothermen Kontrollbedingungen bei 37°C zu einer signifikanten Überexpression der untersuchten HSPs in RTq-PCR-Analysenaller drei Kolonkarzinomzelllinien. Interessanterweise wurden vermehrte HSP Genexpressionsmuster noch drei Tage nach Behandlung beobachtet. Eine verstärkte Proteinexpression zeigte sich bestätigend insbesondere für HSP27 und HSP70 unter zytostatischer Behandlung mit MMC oder OXA und führte zu einer bis zu 3-fachen Expressionssteigerung wenn die Zellen hyperthermen Bedingungen ausgesetzt waren. Tumorzellen, die zuvor der hyperthermen Chemotherapie unterzogen wurden, zeigten interessanterweise zudem proliferative anstelle von anti-proliferativen Effekten. In durchgeführten MTS-Tests führte sowohl die Hyperthermie allein als auch die zusätzliche Zytostatikagabe zu einer deutlich erhöhten Zellviabilität im Vergleich zu normothermer Chemotherapie im Modellansatz. Übereinstimmend mit den Ergebnissen der MTS-Tests konnte eine Induktion der Proliferationsmarker PCNA und Ki-67 durch Hyperthermie und Chemotherapie auf Gen- und Proteinebene beobachtet werden. Im Falle von PCNA ließ sich eine verstärkte Proteinexpression in ex vivo Proben von Patienten nach klinisch durchgeführter HIPEC bestätigen. Zusätzliche Untersuchungen des anti-apoptotisch wirkenden Regulatorproteins Bcl-xL in in vitro Tumorzellansätzen sowie in ex vivo Proben von Patienten nach hyperthermer Chemotherapie, zeigten zudem eine deutlich gesteigerte Proteinexpression unter alleiniger Hyperthermie sowie insbesondere in Kombination mit Zytostatika. Durch die Induktion von HSP27, HSP70 und HSP90 infolge von hyperthermem und zytotoxischem Stress werden in überlebenden Zellen nach hyperthermer Chemotherapie, unerwünschte antiapopotische sowie proliferative Effekte im Sinne von Reparatur- und Zellschutzmechanismen induziert und nehmen negativen Einfluss auf den Therapieerfolg der HIPEC. Schlussfolgernd wäre der Einsatz von HSP-Inhibitoren um die beschriebenen, unerwünschten Zellmechanismen zu verhindern, zu überprüfen. Diese bieten eine interessante Möglichkeit die Effizienz der im klinischen Einsatz gängigen Zytostatika zu steigern und somit einen positiven Einfluss auf den Erfolg der Therapie und die Überlebenszeit von Patienten mit Peritonealkarzinose zu nehmen. Weiterführende Studien der eigenen Arbeitsgruppe mit kombinierten HSP70/HSP90-Inhibitoren zeigten bereits eine signifikant reduzierte Zellviabilität in Kolonkarzinomzellen, die zuvor der hyperthermen Chemotherapie unterzogen wurden. N2 - The combination of cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy in selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, such as colorectal carcinoma. Intraperitoneal chemoperfusion combines local high-dose chemotherapy with hyperthermia. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in this process, as they are induced as a result of cellular stress factors such as heat or cytostatic drug-induced chemotoxicity. HSPs induce repair and cell protection mechanisms and thus possibly reduce the desired therapeutic success of HIPEC in individual surviving tumor cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the external stressors hyperthermia and cytostatic drugs on the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90) in three human colon carcinoma cell lines using an already established in vitro HIPEC model. For this purpose, cell lines HT29, SW480, and SW620 were each exposed to three different temperature levels of 37°C as normothermia, 41°C, and 43°C as hyperthermia for one hour with and without cytostatic drugs (mitomycin C, MMC, and oxaliplatin, OXA). After a regeneration period of 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h they were examined by RT-qPCR analysis and Western blots. In addition, following the same procedure, effects of HIPEC on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using proliferation markers Ki-67, PCNA and MTS assays, and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL in in vitro tumor cell mounts as well as in ex vivo patient samples before and after HIPEC. Both, one-hour chemotherapy with mitomycin C or oxaliplatin under hyperthermic conditions and isolated hyperthermia treatment resulted in significant overexpression of the HSPs in RTq-PCR analyses of all three colon carcinoma cell lines compared with normothermic control conditions at 37°C. Interestingly, increased HSP gene expression patterns were still observed three days after treatment. Increased protein expression was confirmatory especially for HSP27 and HSP70 under cytostatic treatment with MMC or OXA and resulted in up to a 3-fold increase in expression when cells were exposed to hyperthermic conditions. Tumor cells previously subjected to hyperthermic chemotherapy also interestingly showed proliferative instead of anti-proliferative effects. In MTS assays performed, both hyperthermia alone and additional cytostatic administration resulted in significantly increased cell viability compared to normothermic chemotherapy in the model approach. Consistent with the results of the MTS assays, induction of the proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67 by hyperthermia and chemotherapy was observed at the gene and protein levels. In the case of PCNA, increased protein expression could be confirmed in ex vivo samples from patients after clinically performed HIPEC. Additional investigations of the anti-apoptotic regulator protein Bcl-xL in in vitro tumor cell preparations as well as in ex vivo samples from patients after hyperthermic chemotherapy, also showed a significantly increased protein expression under hyperthermia alone as well as especially in combination with cytostatic drugs. The induction of HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 as a result of hyperthermic and cytotoxic stress induces undesired anti-apopotic and proliferative effects in surviving cells after hyperthermic chemotherapy in terms of repair and cell protection mechanisms and has a negative impact on the therapeutic success of HIPEC. In conclusion, the use of HSP inhibitors to prevent the described undesired cellular mechanisms should be investigated. These offer an interesting opportunity to increase the efficiency of cytostatic drugs commonly used in clinical practice and thus have a positive influence on the success of therapy and survival time of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Further studies of the own research group with combined HSP70/HSP90 inhibitors already showed a significantly reduced cell viability in colon carcinoma cells previously subjected to hyperthermic chemotherapy. KW - Dickdarmkrebs KW - Colonkrebs KW - Peritonealkarzinose KW - HIPEC KW - Kolonkarzinom KW - Hitzeschock-Proteine KW - Hypertherme Chemotherapie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327101 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mai, Sandra T1 - Beeinflussung des oralen Entzündungsstatus und der Stickstoffmonoxid-Produktion bei nitratreicher Ernährung während kieferorthopädischer Behandlung T1 - Influence of nitrate-rich diet on oral inflammatory status and nitric oxide production during orthodontic treatment N2 - Während der Behandlung mit festsitzenden kieferorthopädischen Multibracket-Apparaturen sind gingivale Entzündungen, Plaque und Karies häufig beobachtete Beeinträchtigungen der oralen Gesundheit. Diese sind häufig auf Biofilme zurückführbar, welche sich durch Eingliederung von Multibracket-Apparaturen auf zusätzlichen Oberflächen und Nischen etablieren können. Ziel dieser klinischen Studie war es, zu evaluieren, ob der 14-tägige Verzehr eines nitratreichen Gemüsesafts bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Multibracket-Apparaturen zu einer Beeinflussung des oralen Entzündungsstatus und der Stickstoffmonoxid-Produktion führen kann. Es zeigte sich eine tendenzielle Verbesserung des Plaque Control Record bei Patienten/innen, welche der Saftgruppe zugeteilt waren, jedoch erreichte diese Änderung nicht das Signifikanzniveau. Der Gingiva Index reduzierte sich nach der Safteinnahme signifikant, wohingegen er in der Kontrollgruppe im Studienverlauf anstieg. Die Messung des Stickstoffmonoxid-Gehalts zeigte in keiner der Studiengruppen signifikante Erkenntnisse. Nach der Safteinnahme konnte die Anzahl an kariogener Laktobazillen signifikant verringert werden. Die Messung der tiefen Taschen und der Blutung auf Sondierung (BoP) kam zu dem Ergebnis, dass in der Saftgruppe von Termin 1 zu 2 (Zeitpunkt der Safteinnahme) im Bereich der Frontzähne, Eckzähne und Prämolaren beide Parameter signifikant reduziert werden konnten. Im Bereich der Molaren kam es zu einer nicht signifikanten Reduktion. In der Kontrollgruppe hingegen stieg der BoP-Wert im Studienverlauf an und die tiefen Taschen zeigten keine signifikanten Änderungen. Die Daten dieser klinischen Studie legen nahe, dass der Konsum eines Gemüsesafts mit erhöhtem Gehalt an Nitrat bei Kindern mit festsitzenden kieferorthopädischen Multibracket-Apparaturen zu einer Reduktion von Gingivitis, Plaque, erhöhten Taschentiefen und Blutung auf Sondierung führen kann. Die erhobenen Daten stellen daher eine Grundlage für zukünftige Studien zur Optimierung der klinischen Behandlung von Patienten/innen mit Multibracket-Apparatur-induzierten Entzündungen dar. N2 - During treatment with fixed orthodontic multibracket appliances gingival inflammation, plaque and caries are frequently observed impairments of oral health. These are often due to biofilms, which can be established on additional surfaces and niches. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate whether the 14-day consumption of a nitrate-rich vegetable juice in children and adolescents with multibracket appliances can lead to an influence on oral inflammatory status and nitric oxide production. There was a trend toward improvement in the Plaque Control Record in patients assigned to the juice group, but this change did not reach the significance level. The Gingiva Index decreased significantly after juice intake, whereas it increased in the control group during the course of the study. Measurement of nitric oxide levels showed no significant findings in any of the study groups. There was a significant reduction in the number of cariogenic lactobacilli after juice ingestion. Measurement of deep pockets and Bleeding on Probing (BoP) concluded that both parameters were significantly reduced in the juice group from date 1 to 2 (time of juice intake) in the anterior, canine and premolar regions. In the molar region, there was a non-significant reduction. In the control group, however, the BoP increased over the course of the study and the deep pockets showed no significant changes. The data from this clinical study suggest that the consumption of a vegetable juice with an increased nitrate level may lead to a reduction of gingivitis, plaque, increased pocket depths, and Bleeding on Probing in children with fixed orthodontic multibracket appliances. The data collected therefore provide a basis for future studies to optimize the clinical management of patients with multibracket appliance-induced inflammation. KW - Gingivitis KW - oraler Entzündungsstatus KW - Zahnfleischentzündung KW - Gemüsesaft KW - Stickstoffmonoxid KW - Multibracket-Apparatur Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328029 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ullmann, Monika Anna T1 - Clostridioides difficile Infektionen im Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau - Retrospektive Analyse des Zeitraums 01/2013-05/2015 - T1 - Clostridioides difficile infections at the Aschaffenburg-Alzenau Hospital - Retrospective analysis of the period 01/2013-05/2015 - N2 - Die CDI ist weltweit die häufigste Ursache der antibiotikaassoziierten nosokomialen Diarrhoe. Sie geht mit steigender Inzidenz, Hospitalisierung und hohen Behandlungskosten in Milliardenhöhe einher. Auch im ambulanten Sektor werden steigende Infektionszahlen gemeldet, die nicht nur ein Problem für die Krankenhäuser, sondern auch für die Pflegeeinrichtungen darstellen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, retrospektiv die CDI-Fälle des Klinikums Aschaffenburg-Alzenau (ausgenommen Kinderklinik) im Zeitraum 01.01.2013 - 25.05.2015 zu erfassen und die antibiotische Initialtherapie zu ermitteln. Für die Diagnose einer CDI wurde ein positiver Toxinnachweis in der Stuhlkultur vorausgesetzt. Im weiteren Fokus standen die Rezidivhäufigkeit, die antibiotische Folgetherapie, die Komplikationen bis hin zu den Todesursachen sowie Präventionsmaßnahmen. Im o.g. Zeitraum waren 299 Patienten und Patientinnen mit einer CDI hospitalisiert. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 73,8 Jahren. Es handelte sich in der Mehrzahl um multimorbide und immunsupprimierte Patienten und Patientinnen. 61% waren antibiotisch vorbehandelt. Am häufigsten verwendet wurden Breitbandpenicilline (36%), Cephalosporine der 3. Generation (12%) und Fluorchinolone (10%). Über 1/3 der Patienten und Patientinnen wurde mit Mehrfachkombinationen behandelt und bei 2% war eine zytostatische Behandlung vorausgegangen. In der Initialtherapie der CDI kam bei fast der Hälfte Erkrankten (47%) Metronidazol zur Anwendung. Die Rezidivrate lag bei 20%, Mehrfachrezidive traten bei 5,7% auf. Die antibiotische Folgetherapie der CDI erfolgte bei 39% der Patienten und Patientinnen mit Vancomycin oder Fidaxomicin entsprechend den damals geltenden Empfehlungen leitlinienkonform. Rund ¼ aller Erkrankten verstarben, davon 17% CDI-assoziiert. Der fäkale Stuhltransfer, der ab dem 2. Rezidiv empfohlen wird, und die Genotypisierung bei Mehrfachrezidiven wurde in keinem Fall durchgeführt. 2021 wurde die CDI-Behandlungsleitlinie der ESCMID aktualisiert. Statt dem Einsatz von Metronidazol werden nun Fidaxomicin oder Vancomycin, in Rezidivsituationen die Standardantibiose um den Antikörper Bezlotoxumab ergänzt. 06/2023 erschien die Konsultationsfassung der S2k-Leitlinie “Gastrointestinale Infektionen und Morbus Whipple” der DGVS. Die Empfehlungen gleichen sich. Es kann festgehalten werden, dass die CDI auch im Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau ein ernstes Problem darstellt, das Präventionsmaßnahmen bedarf. Die Rezidiv- und Todesraten sind hoch. In dieser Arbeit konnte bestätigt werden, dass der unbedachte Einsatz von Antibiotika ein wichtiger Hauptrisikofaktor für die Entstehung einer CDI ist. Daher sollte die Indikation für eine antibiotische Therapie streng gestellt werden. Die Daten zeigen ferner, dass die Umsetzung aktueller Leitlinienempfehlungen nicht oder zeitlich verzögert erfolgte. Seit der Etablierung und Umsetzung des ABS 2017 am Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau konnte ein Rückgang der CDI um 21% verzeichnet werden. Ein ABS ist eine Möglichkeit die konsequente Anwendung aktueller Empfehlungen im klinischen Alltag umzusetzen und so zu einer höheren Erfolgsrate der Behandlung und einer niedrigeren Rezidivrate beizutragen. Die Umsetzung einer gezielten frühen Diagnostik, Schutz- und Isoliermaßnahmen, Surveillance und regelmäßige Fort- und Weiterbildung der Mitarbeiter*innen sind weitere wichtige Bausteine, die zur Prävention der CDI beitragen. N2 - CDI is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated nosocomial diarrhea worldwide. It is accompanied by rising incidence, hospitalization and high treatment costs in the billions. Rising numbers of infections are also reported in the outpatient sector, posing a problem not only for hospitals, but also for care facilities. The aim of this study was to retrospectively record the CDI cases of the Aschaffenburg-Alzenau Hospital (except for the Children's Hospital) in the period 01.01.2013 - 25.05.2015 and to determine the initial antibiotic therapy. For the diagnosis of CDI, a positive toxin detection in the stool culture was required. The focus was also on the frequency of recurrence, antibiotic follow-up therapy, complications and causes of death, and preventive measures. In the above-mentioned period, 299 patients with CDI were hospitalized. The median age was 73.8 years. The majority of them were multimorbid and immunosuppressed patients. 61% were pre-treated with antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics were broad-spectrum penicillins (36%), 3rd generation cephalosporins (12%) and fluoroquinolones (10%). In the initial therapy of CDI, metronidazole was used in almost half of the patients (47%). The recurrence rate was 20%, multiple recurrences occurred at 5.7%. Follow-up antibiotic therapy of CDI was carried out in 39% of patients with vancomycin or fidaxomicin in accordance with the guidelines in force at the time. About 1/4 of all patients died, 17% of them CDI-associated. Fecal microbiota transplantation, which is recommended from the 2nd recurrence, and genotyping in case of multiple recurrences was not performed in any case. In 2021, ESCMID's CDI treatment guideline, was updated. Instead of the use of metronidazole, fidaxomicin or vancomycin are now supplemented, and in relapse situations, the standard antibiosis is supplemented by the antibody bezlotoxumab. 06/2023, the consultation version of the S2k guideline "Gastrointestinal Infections and Whipple's Disease" of the DGVS was published. The recommendations are similar. It can be stated that CDI is also a serious problem at the Aschaffenburg-Alzenau Hospital, which requires preventive measures. The recurrence and Death rates are high. This study confirmed that the careless use of antibiotics is an important main risk factor for the development of CDI. Therefore, the indication for antibiotic therapy should be set strictly. The data also show that the implementation of current guideline recommendations did not take place or was delayed. Since the establishment and implementation of the ABS in 2017 at the Aschaffenburg-Alzenau Hospital, a 21% decline in CDI has been recorded. An ABS is a way to implement the consistent application of current recommendations in everyday clinical practice and thus contribute to a higher success rate of treatment and a lower recurrence rate. The implementation of targeted early diagnostics, protective and isolation measures, surveillance and regular further education and training of employees are further important building blocks that contribute to the prevention of CDI. KW - Clostridium-difficile-Infektion KW - CDI KW - Rezidiv KW - Antibiotic stewardship Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328085 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klingler, Philipp T1 - Exploration of proteasome interactions with human platelet function T1 - Untersuchung von Proteasom-Wechselwirkungen mit der Funktion humaner Thrombozyten N2 - Platelets are anucleated cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes. They play a fundamental role in hemostasis, but there is rising evidence that they are also involved in immunological processes. Despite absence of a nucleus, human platelets are capable of de novo protein synthesis and contain a fully functional proteasome system, which is, in nucleated cells, involved in processes like cell cycle progression or apoptosis by its ability of protein degradation. The physiological significance of the proteasome system in human platelets is not yet fully understood and subject of ongoing research. Therefore, this study was conducted with the intention to outline the role of the proteasome system for functional characteristics of human platelets. For experimentation, citrated whole blood from healthy donors was obtained and preincubated with proteasome inhibitors. In addition to the commonly used bortezomib, the potent and selective proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib was selected as a second inhibitor to rule out agent-specific effects and to confirm that observed changes are related to proteasome inhibition. Irreversibly induced platelet activation and aggregation were not affected by proteasome blockade with bortezomib up to 24 hours. Conversely, proteasome inhibition led to enhanced threshold aggregation and agglutination up to 25 %, accompanied by partial alleviation of induced VASP phosphorylation of approximately 10-15 %. Expression of different receptors were almost unaffected. Instead, a significant increase of PP2A activity was observable in platelets after proteasome blockade, accompanied by facilitated platelet adhesion to coated surfaces in static experiments or flow chamber experiments. Carfilzomib, used for the first time in functional experimentation with human platelets in vitro, led to a dose-dependent decrease of proteasome activity with accumulation of poly ubiquitylated proteins. Like bortezomib, carfilzomib treatment resulted in enhanced threshold aggregation with attenuated VASP phosphorylation. As the main conclusion of this thesis, proteasome inhibition enhances the responsiveness of human platelets, provided by an alleviation of platelet inhibitory pathways and by an additional increase of PP2A activity, resulting in facilitated platelet adhesion under static and flow conditions. The proteasome system appears to be involved in the promotion of inhibitory counterregulation in platelets. The potential of proteasome inhibitors for triggering thromboembolic adverse events in patients must be clarified in further studies, in addition to their possible use for targeting platelet function to improve the hemostatic reactivity of platelets. N2 - Thrombozyten sind kernlose Zellfragmente, welche aus Megakaryozyten gebildet werden. Sie spielen eine fundamentale Rolle in der Hämostase, aber es gibt immer mehr Hinweise, dass Thrombozyten auch in immunologischen Prozessen involviert sind. Trotz Fehlen eines Zellkerns haben humane Thrombozyten die Fähigkeit zur de novo Proteinsynthese und besitzen außerdem ein voll funktionstüchtiges Proteasomsystem, welches in kernhaltigen Zellen über den Proteinabbau an Prozessen wie dem Fortschreiten des Zellzyklus oder der Apoptose beteiligt ist. Die physiologische Bedeutung des Proteasomsystems in humanen Thrombozyten ist nicht vollständig geklärt und ist aus diesem Grund Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Daher war es Ziel dieser Studie, die Rolle des Proteasomsystems für die funktionellen Eigenschaften humaner Thrombozyten zu erforschen. Für die Experimente wurde Citrat-Vollblut von gesunden Spendern gewonnen und mit Proteasom-Hemmstoffen vorinkubiert. Es wurde neben dem gängigen Bortezomib der potente und selektive Proteasom-Inhibitor Carfilzomib als zweiter Inhibitor eingesetzt, um substanzspezifische Effekte auszuschließen und zu bestätigen, dass die beobachteten Veränderungen auf der Proteasom-Inhibition beruhen. Die irreversibel induzierte Thrombozytenaktivierung und -aggregation wurde durch die Hemmung des Proteasoms mit Bortezomib bis zu 24 Stunden nicht beeinflusst. Allerdings führte die Proteasom-Hemmung zu einer verstärkten Schwellenwertaggregation und -agglutination um bis zu 25 % sowie zu einer partiellen Abschwächung der induzierten VASP-Phosphorylierung um etwa 10-15 %. Die Expression verschiedener Rezeptoren blieb nahezu unbeeinflusst. Stattdessen konnte unter Proteasom-Inhibition eine erhöhte Enzymaktivität der PP2A beobachtet werden, begleitet von einer erleichterten Thrombozytenadhäsion an beschichteten Oberflächen bei statischen Versuchen ober bei Flusskammerversuchen. Carfilzomib, welches erstmals für funktionelle Experimente mit menschlichen Thrombozyten in vitro eingesetzt wurde, führte zu einer dosisabhängigen Abnahme der Proteasom-Aktivität mit einer Akkumulation von poly ubiquitylierten Proteinen. Wie Bortezomib mündete die Behandlung mit Carfilzomib in einer verstärkten Schwellenwertaggregation und abgeschwächter VASP-Phosphorylierung. Die wichtigste Schlussfolgerung dieser Arbeit ist, dass die Inhibition des Proteasoms die Reaktivität humaner Thrombozyten erhöht, gekennzeichnet durch eine Abschwächung der hemmenden Signalwege der Thrombozyten und durch eine zusätzliche Erhöhung der PP2A-Enzymaktivität, was zu einer erleichterten Thrombozytenadhäsion unter statischen Verhältnissen und unter Flussbedingungen führt. Das Proteasomsystem scheint an der Förderung der hemmenden Gegenregulation in Thrombozyten beteiligt zu sein. Das Potenzial von Proteasom Inhibitoren, thromboembolische Nebenwirkungen bei Patienten auszulösen, muss in weiteren Studien geklärt werden, ebenso wie ihr möglicher Einsatz für die gezielte Beeinflussung der Thrombozytenfunktion zur Verbesserung der hämostatischen Reaktivität der Thrombozyten. KW - Thrombozyt KW - Proteasom KW - Platelet KW - Proteasome KW - Bortezomib Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321089 ER - TY - THES A1 - Xiao, Yin T1 - Lack of NFATc1 SUMOylation prevents autoimmunity and alloreactivity T1 - Fehlende NFATc1-SUMOylierung verhindert Autoimmunität und Alloreaktivität N2 - SUMOylation, as a post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in several biological processes. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins can be reversibly linked to the lysine residues located within specific motifs on numerous target proteins, leading to the change of stability, localization, activity of target proteins, mostly by promoting or interfering with the interaction with other molecules. Consequently, it can regulate gene transcription, migration, cell cycle progression, cellular responses to stress, and tumorigenesis. NFATc1 belongs to the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor family, which is dephosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus upon cell stimulation, which provokes Ca2+ signalling. NFAT plays a crucial role in the development and function of the immune system. NFATc1 has three SUMOylation sites at the position of aa 349, 702, and 914. In our previous study, we demonstrated that point mutations performed on the SUMOylation sites on all three or only at the lysine residues K702 and K914 lead to enhanced expression of IL-2 in vitro. To evaluate the function of SUMOylation of NFATc1 on T cell-mediated immunity in vivo, we not only generated a transgenic mouse strain (NFATc1/ΔS+ mouse) by point mutations from Lysine to Arginine on the two SUMOylation sites within exon 10 of Nfatc1 to prevent their SUMOylation, but in combination created another mouse strain (NFATc1/ΔBC+ mouse) that is completely Nfatc1 exon 10-ablated by using the LoxP/Cre system. In NFATc1/ΔS+ T cells, we observed enhanced IL-2 production and less IL-17A and IFN-γ expression. In line with exon 10 bearing the relevant SUMO sites, NFATc1/ΔBC+ CD4+ T cells behaved similarly as NFATc1/ΔS+ ones. The mechanism is that elevated IL-2 secretion can counteract the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ via STAT5 and Blimp-1 induction. Afterwards, Blimp-1 suppressed IL-2 itself as well as Bcl2A1. Next, we performed two disease models with our NFATc1/ΔS+ mice. In a major mismatch model for acute graft-versus-host disease, we found that the mice transplanted with NFATc1/ΔS+ CD3+ T cells developed less severe disease, and T cells proliferated less due to increased Tregs. Moreover, when transferring 2D2.NFATc1/ΔS+ Th1 plus Th17 cells to Rag1-/- mice to induce experimental autoimmune encephalitis, we also observed ameliorated disease compared to animals with transferred WT T cells as well as increased Tregs. Taking all data together, the deficiency in SUMOylation of NFATc1 leads to an elevated IL-2 secretion in T cells and subsequent activation of STAT5, which competes with STAT3 to inhibit IL-17A production and promotes Treg expansion, as well as to an enforcement of Blimp-1 expression, which suppresses IFN-γ and IL-2 expression. Consequently and despite a short phase of enhanced IL-2 secretion, the deficiency of SUMOylation on NFATc1 can protect from autoreactive and alloreactive diseases. Moreover, to further understand the function of SUMOylation of NFATc1 in humans, we started by establishing an in vitro 3D culture system for tonsil organoids, which was successful in the presence of feeder cells, along with IL-4 and IL-7 cytokines. To confirm that our 3D tonsil organoids can respond to real antigens, we used CMV peptides and peptides of spike proteins from Covid-19 as real antigens, and co-cultured with tonsil organoids, which indeed can generate memory cells and plasmablasts. In the end, we also compared 3D to 2D cultures. Although the total numbers of all B cell subsets were much less in 3D culture than that in 2D culture, still, it indicates that this in-vitro culture system has its limitation, while being usable to produce the similar results as 2D did. Therefore, this 3D culture system can be used as a platform to investigate NFATc1/ΔS+ or NFATc1/ΔBC+ TFH and TFR cells in the dynamic of human GC responses. N2 - SUMOylierung als posttranslationale Modifikation spielt bei mehreren biologischen Prozessen eine entscheidende Rolle. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) Proteine können reversibel mit den Lysinresten innerhalb spezifischer Motive auf zahlreichen Zielproteinen verknüpft werden, was zu einer Veränderung der Stabilität, Lokalisation und Aktivität von Zielproteinen führt, insbesondere durch Interaktionsveränderungen mit anderen Molekülen. Folglich kann es die Gentranskription, Migration, das Fortschreiten des Zellzyklus, zelluläre Reaktionen auf Stress sowie die Tumorentstehung regulieren. NFATc1 ist ein Mitglied der Transkriptionsfaktorfamilie Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells (NFAT), welches in Folge von Zellstimulation und einer intrazellulären Konzentrationserhöhung von Ca2+ dephosphoryliert wird, was wiederum die Translokation in den Zellkern ermöglicht. Grundsätzlich spielt NFAT eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entwicklung und Funktion des Immunsystems. NFATc1 hat drei SUMOylierungsstellen an den Positionen aa 349, 702 und 914. In unserer vorherigen Studie hatten wir gezeigt, dass Punktmutationen innerhalb aller SUMOylierungsstellen, aber auch nur an den Lysinresten K702 und K914 in vitro zu einer verstärkten Expression von IL-2 führten. Um die Funktion der SUMOylierung von NFATc1 auf die T-zellvermittelte Immunität in vivo zu untersuchen, haben wir nicht nur einen transgenen Mausstamm (NFATc1/ΔS-Maus) durch (Lysin zu Arginin) Punktmutationen an den zwei SUMOylierungsstellen auf dem Exon 10 von NFATc1 erzeugt, sondern auch einen zweiten Mausstamm (NFATc1/ΔBC-Maus), bei welchem das Exon 10 unter Verwendung des LoxP/Cre-Systems vollständig ausschaltet wurde. In den NFATc1/ΔS+ T-Zellen beobachteten wir eine erhöhte IL-2-Produktion und eine geringere IL-17A- und IFN-γ-Expression. NFATc1/ΔBC-Mäuse verhielten sich ähnlich zu NFATc1/ΔS-Mäusen. In den CD4+ T-Zellen mit diesen Genotypen wirkte die erhöhte IL-2 Sekretion der Expression von IL-17A und IFN-γ über Stat5- bzw. Blimp-1-Induktion entgegen. Desweiteren unterdrückte Blimp-1 auch IL-2 und reprimierte die Expression von Bcl2A1. Als nächstes evaluierten wir die NFATc1/ΔS Mäuse in zwei verschiedenen Krankheitsmodellen, der akuten Transplantat-gegen-Wirt-Reaktion (graft-versus-host disease; GvHD) und der Experimentellen autoimmunen Enzephalomyelitis (EAE). Wir stellten fest, dass bei der Induktion einer aGvHD durch Transplantation von Knochenmarkzellen zusammen mit NFATc1/ΔS+ CD3+ T-Zellen die Empfängertiere geschützter waren als in Anwesenheit von WT T-Zellen. Auch aufgrund einer erhöhten Anzahl von NFATc1/ΔS+ Tregs proliferierten die NFATc1/ΔS+ T Zellen weniger. Desgleichen war unter Verwendung von 2D2.NFATc1/ΔS+ T-Helfer 1 und 17 war eine Transfer-EAE in Rag Mäusen wesentlich schwächer induziert als bei der Verwendung von WT T-Zellen. Auch in diesem Modell konnten wie einen schützenden Effekt u.a. in Folge einer erhöhten Anzahl an Tregs feststellen. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Vermeidung einer NFATc1-SUMOylierung zu einer erhöhten IL-2 Sekretion in T-Zellen führt und somit STAT5 aktiviert. STAT5 kompetiert mit STAT3 und hemmt so die IL-17A Produktion. STAT5 beeinflusste auch die Höhe der Blimp-1-Expression, wodurch IFN-γ sowie auf Dauer IL-2 supprimiert wurde. Darüber hinaus fördert IL-2 die Differenzierung und Expansion von Tregs. So kann trotz einer nur kurzen Phase an erhöhter IL-2-Sekretion eine fehlende NFATc1-SUMOylierung vor autoreaktiven und alloreaktiven Krankheiten schützen. Um die Funktion der SUMOylierung von NFATc1 beim Menschen zu verstehen, haben wir zunächst ein In vitro-3D-Kultursystem entwickelt. Unter der Verwendung von Organoiden aus Tonsillen, in Gegenwart von Feeder-Zellen, IL-4 und IL-7. Um zu bestätigen, dass 3D-Tonsillen-Organoide auf echte Antigene reagieren, wurden CMV-Peptide und Peptide von Covid-19 Spike-Proteinen verwendet. Wir konnten zeigen, dass wir durch die Co-Kultivierung der Peptide mit den Organoiden tatsächlich in der Lage sind, Gedächtniszellen und Plasmablasten zu generieren. Schließlich wurden die 3D und 2D Kulturen miteinander verglichen. Trotz der limitierten Gesamtzahl an B-Zellen in der 3D-Kultur, verglichen zur 2D-Kultur, konnten wir äquivalente Tendenzen der Erzeugung von Plasmablasten und Gedächtniszellen feststellen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Verwendung dieses 3D-Kultursystems ein geeignetes in vitro-model darstellt, um NFATc1/ΔS+ oder NFATc1/ΔBC+ TFH- und TFR-Zellen in der Dynamik menschlicher GC-Antworten zu untersuchen. KW - NFATc1 KW - SUMOylation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321054 ER - TY - THES A1 - Khayenko, Vladimir T1 - Functional peptide-based probes for the visualization of inhibitory synapses T1 - Funktionelle peptidbasierte Sonden zur Visualisierung von hemmenden Synapsen N2 - Short functional peptidic probes can maximize the potential of high-end microscopy techniques and multiplex imaging assays and provide new insights into normal and aberrant molecular, cellular and tissue function. Particularly, the visualization of inhibitory synapses requires protocol tailoring for different sample types and imaging techniques and relies either on genetic manipulation or on antibodies that underperform in tissue immunofluorescence. Starting from an endogenous activity-related ligand of gephyrin, a universal marker of the inhibitory post-synapse, I developed a short peptidic multivalent binder with exceptional affinity and selectivity to gephyrin. By tailoring fluorophores to the binder, I have obtained Sylite, a probe for the visualization of inhibitory synapses, with an outstanding signal-to-background ratio, that bests the “gold standard” gephyrin antibodies both in selectivity and in tissue immunofluorescence. In tissue Sylite benefits from simplified handling, provides robust synaptic labeling in record-short time and, unlike antibodies, is not affected by staining artefacts. In super-resolution microscopy Sylite precisely localizes the post-synapse and enables accurate pre- to post-synapse measurements. Combined with complimentary tracing techniques Sylite reveals inhibitory connectivity and profiles inhibitory inputs and synapse sizes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the periaqueductal gray brain region. Lastly, upon probe optimization for live cell application and with the help of novel thiol-reactive cell penetrating peptide I have visualized inhibitory synapses in living neurons. Taken together, my work provided a versatile probe for conventional and super-resolution microscopy and a workflow for the development and application of similar compact functional synthetic probes. N2 - Kurze funktionelle peptidische Sonden können das Potenzial von High-End-Mikroskopietechniken und Multiplex-Imaging-Assays maximieren und neue Erkenntnisse über normale und abweichende Molekulare-, Zelluläre- und Gewebefunktionen liefern. Insbesondere die Visualisierung inhibitorischer Synapsen erfordert eine Anpassung des Protokolls an verschiedene Probentypen und Bildgebungsverfahren und ist entweder auf genetische Manipulationen oder auf Antikörper angewiesen, die in der Gewebeimmunfluoreszenz unterdurchschnittlich abschneiden. Ausgehend von einem endogenen aktivitätsbezogenen Liganden von Gephyrin, einem universellen Marker der hemmenden Postsynapse, habe ich einen kurzen peptidischen multivalenten Binder mit außergewöhnlicher Affinität und Selektivität zu Gephyrin entwickelt. Durch die Anpassung von Fluorophoren an das Bindemittel habe ich Sylite erhalten, eine Sonde für die Visualisierung inhibitorischer Synapsen mit einem hervorragenden Signal-Hintergrund-Verhältnis, das die "Goldstandard"-Gephyrin-Antikörper sowohl in der Selektivität als auch in der Gewebe-Immunfluoreszenz übertrifft. Im Gewebe profitiert Sylite von einer vereinfachten Handhabung, bietet eine robuste synaptische Markierung in rekordverdächtig kurzer Zeit und wird im Gegensatz zu Antikörpern nicht durch Färbungsartefakte beeinträchtigt. In der Super-Resolution-Mikroskopie lokalisiert Sylite präzise die Post-Synapse und ermöglicht genaue Messungen von Prä- zu Postsynapse. In Kombination mit ergänzenden Tracing-Techniken deckt Sylite die hemmende Konnektivität auf und erstellt Profile der hemmenden Eingänge und Synapsengrößen von erregenden und hemmenden Neuronen in der periaquäduktalen Grau Hirnregion. Schließlich habe ich nach Optimierung der Sonde für die Anwendung in lebenden Zellen und mit Hilfe eines neuartigen thiolreaktiven zelldurchdringenden Peptids hemmende Synapsen in lebenden Neuronen visualisiert. Insgesamt lieferte meine Arbeit eine vielseitige Sonde für konventionelle und superauflösende Mikroskopie und einen Arbeitsablauf für die Entwicklung und Anwendung ähnlicher kompakter funktioneller synthetischer Sonden. KW - Fluoreszenzsonde KW - Peptidsynthese KW - Neurowissenschaften KW - Inhibitorische Synapse KW - Gephyrin KW - Peptide KW - Fluorescent probes KW - Neuroscience KW - Inhibitory synapse KW - Super-Resolution Microscopy KW - Tissue staining Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320438 ER - TY - THES A1 - Roberts, Stephanie Kimberly T1 - Impfausbildung und Selbsteinschätzung des Impfwissens von Medizinstudierenden in Bayern im Sommer- und Wintersemester 2018 T1 - Vaccine education and medical student self-assessment of knowledge about vaccinations in Bavaria during the summer and winter semester in 2018 N2 - Impfungen sind essenziell zur Prävention vieler Erkrankungen. Für die Impfentscheidung von Patienten spielt die ärztliche Beratung eine wichtige Rolle. Die universitäre Lehre sollte das notwendige Wissen zu Impfungen vermitteln. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Selbsteinschätzung des Impfwissens von Medizinstudierenden sowie die Struktur der Impfausbildung im Medizinstudium. In einer Umfrage wurden Medizinstudierende an den damaligen fünf medizinischen Fakultäten in Bayern im Sommer- und Wintersemester 2018 zu ihrem Impfwissen und ihrer Impfausbildung befragt. N2 - Vaccinations are essential for the prevention of many diseases. Medicals doctors play an important role in the vaccination decision of patients. Medical school should impart the necessary knowledge concerning vaccinations. This study examines the medical student self-assessment of knowledge about vaccinations and the structure of vaccine education during medical school. In a survey medical students of the at that time five medical faculties in Bavaria during the summer and winter semester in 2018 were questioned concerning their vaccine knowledge and vaccine education. KW - Impfung KW - Medizinstudium KW - Impfausbildung KW - Vaccine education Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282465 ER - TY - THES A1 - Walter [verh. Raab], Bettina Nicoletta T1 - Systolische und diastolische myokardiale Deformation: Referenzwerte und Einfluss kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren – Ergebnisse der populationsbasierten STAAB Kohortenstudie T1 - Systolic and diastolic myocardial deformation: reference values and impact of cardiovascular risk factors – results of the population-based STAAB cohort study N2 - Kontraktion und Relaxation sind die beiden entscheidenden energieverbrauchenden Prozesse der Herzarbeit, die sich unter anderem mit modernen echokardiographischen Techniken, wie dem Strain Imaging, quantifizieren lassen. An 1818 Probanden (52% weibliche Probanden, mittleres Alter 54 ±12 Jahre) der populationsbasierten Würzburger STAAB Kohortenstudie leiteten wir unter Berücksichtigung von Alter und Geschlecht der Probanden Referenzwerte für globale und segmentale systolische und diastolische Deformationsparameter mittels 2D Speckle Echo-Tracking ab. Wir fanden, dass sich die myokardiale Suszeptibilität für klassische kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Männern und Frauen unterscheidet. Insgesamt war die Auswertbarkeit gut (67% des globalen Strain, 82% der systolischen und frühdiastolischen Strain Rate und 83% der diastolischen Strain Rate). Arterieller Hypertonus und Dyslipidämie wirkten sich insbesondere auf das weibliche Myokard ungünstig aus, wohingegen der Risikofaktor Adipositas bei beiden Geschlechtern negativ mit systolischer und frühdiastolischer Deformation assoziiert war. Weder Diabetes mellitus noch Rauchen schienen die myokardiale Deformation zu beeinflussen. Die frühdiastolische Relaxation wurde durch Hypertonus negativ bei Frauen beeinflusst, obwohl die Prävalenz in der männlichen Gruppe höher war. Die systolische Strain Rate war zudem signifikant von arteriellem Hypertonus, Dyslipidämie und Adipositas bei Frauen beeinflusst. Diese Ergebnisse implizieren eine geschlechtsabhängige Sensitivität des Myokards auf individuelle Risikofaktoren. Die Vulnerabilität des weiblichen Myokards auf hypertone Blutdruckwerte mit konsekutiver Alteration der aktiven frühdiastolischen Relaxation stellt somit eine mögliche Erklärung für den größeren Anteil an Frauen mit HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) in der Allgemeinbevölkerung dar. Ein negativer Einfluss durch Nikotinkonsum war in unserem Ansatz hingegen nicht nachweisbar, in dem nicht das Ausmaß des Nikotinkonsums, sondern nur die Assoziation der binären Variable „Raucherstatus“ mit Strain-Parameternuntersucht wurde. Dahingehend ist eine dosisabhängige myokardiale Schädigung nicht auszuschließen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde erstmalig der individuelle Effekt jedes Hauptrisikofaktors auf systolische und diastolische Strain-Parameter in einer populationsbasierten und nach Geschlecht und Alter stratifizierten Kohorte untersucht. Auf Basis der Studienergebnisse ist jetzt eine objektive Abschätzung von Effektgrößen und der Power für künftige Studienplanung möglich und es lassen sich Studien zur Einordnung der myokardialen Deformation in bestimmten Patientengruppen objektivierbar vergleichen. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstreichen zudem die Notwendigkeit von Studien bezüglich Primärprävention asymptomatischer kardiovaskulärer Risikopatienten mittels nichtinvasiver Methoden. Eine wichtige Rolle kommt dabei auch der Standardisierung von Softwaresystemen zu, die die Anwendung im klinischen Alltag und die globale Anwendung von Referenzwerten bzw. deren pathologischer Abweichung vereinfachen wird. N2 - Contraction and relaxation both are energy-consuming processes that can be assessed, among others, using myocardial deformation parameters. We derived age- and sex-stratified reference values for global and segmental myocardial systolic and diastolic deformation parameters with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in 1818 subjects (52% female, median age 54 12 years) out of the STAAB population-based cohort located in Würzburg. We found a sex-specific susceptibility of the myocardium for cardiovascular risk factors. Feasibility of strain parameters was good in general (67% for global strain, 82% for systolic and early diastolic strain rate and 83% for late diastolic strain rate). Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia showed a negative impact in women, whereas obesity negatively impacted on myocardial systolic and early diastolic deformation in both sexes. Neither diabetes mellitus nor smoking affected myocardial deformation parameters. Early diastolic relaxation had a negative association with hypertension in women, although the prevalence was higher in men. Systolic strain rate was significantly associated with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity in women. These results imply that the myocardial sensitivity to cardiovascular risk factors depends on sex. We observed that participants with diastolic dysfunction were more often female, possibly due to a higher vulnerability of the female myocardium for hypertensive blood pressure values and the subsequent alteration of the early diastolic relaxation phase. By contrast, we found no negative impact of smoking in either sex. We examined not the extent of smoking but the association of the binary variable “smoking” with strain parameters. Hence a dose-related myocardial dysfunction cannot be excluded. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is first to show the individual effect of each cardiovascular risk factor on systolic and diastolic strain parameters in a population-based cohort stratified by gender and age. These data provide the basis for future observational and interventional studies. Effect size, power, as inter-study comparisons of deformation values in various patient groups can now be compared objectively. Our results underscore the necessity of studies regarding primary prevention of asymptomatic cardiovascular risk patients with noninvasive methods. We also emphasize the importance of a standardization of software systems allowing to simplify the global usage of reference values and their deviation in clinical routine. KW - Transthorakale Echokardiographie KW - Speckle Tracking KW - strain KW - strain rate KW - myocardial deformation KW - Myokardiale Deformation KW - STAAB-Studie KW - STAAB study KW - speckle tracking Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321575 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mittermeier, Anna Barbara T1 - Furchtgeneralisierung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit internalisierenden Störungen T1 - Fear generalization in children and adolescents with internalizing disorders N2 - In vorgegangenen Studien wurde bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Angststörungen eine verstärkte Furchtgeneralisierung, eine eingeschränkte Fähigkeit zur Reizdiskrimination sowie eine veränderte Aufmerksamkeitsverteilung nachgewiesen. In einer gesunden Studienpopulation konnte bei Kindern eine stärkere Furchtgeneralisierung nachgewiesen werden als bei Erwachsenen. Ihre Generalisierungsgradienten gleichen denen von Erwachsenen mit Angststörung. Möglicherweise haben gestörte Lernprozesse in der Kindheit somit langfristige Effekte auf die Entwicklung von Angststörungen. Obwohl die Vorgänge des Furchtlernens im Kindesalter entscheidend für das Verständnis von Angststörungen sind, gibt es kaum Studien in dieser Altersgruppe. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Furchtgeneralisierung und Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen in einer klinischen Population mit internalisierender Störung im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Hierzu durchliefen Kinder und Jugendliche mit internalisierender Störung (n= 49) sowie gesunde Kontrollen (n=48) im Alter von 9 bis 17 Jahre ein Furcht-generalisierungsparadigma mit Diskriminationstraining sowie einen modifizierten Dotprobe mit integriertem Eyetracking. Die Ängstlichkeit wurde mittels verschiedener Angstfragebögen gemessen. Im Generalisierungsparadigma wurden zwei weibliche Gesichter mit neutralem Gesichtsausdruck als Stimuli verwendet, die entweder mit (CS+) oder ohne (CS-) einem 95dB lauten Schrei sowie einem angsterfüllten Gesichtsausdruck gezeigt wurden. Zur Messung der Furchtreaktion wurden subjektive Ratings für Arousal, Valenz und Kontingenz erfasst, zudem wurde die Hautleitfähigkeit gemessen. Zur Auswertung des Dotprobes wurden die Reaktionszeiten und die Initialsakkade erfasst. Die statistische Analyse des Furchtgeneralisierungsparadigmas sowie des Dotprobe-Paradigmas wurde mittels Multivarianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung durchgeführt, gefolgt von t-Tests zur weiterführenden Analyse. Desweiteren wurden die Aufmerksamkeitsreaktionen von nicht-ängstlichen und ängstlichen Teilnehmern in Kategorien eingeteilt und mittels Chi-Quadrat Analysen verglichen. Zur Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Furchtgeneralisierung und Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen erfolgte eine Regressionsanalyse mit einem GS Mittelwert als abhängiger Variable und der Ängstlichkeit und den Aufmerk-samkeitsprozessen als Prädiktoren. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten eine solide Furchtkonditionierung anhand des „Screaming Lady“-Paradigmas in einer klinischen Population, dies war erkennbar an höheren Ratings für den aversiven Stimulus im Vergleich zum sicheren Stimulus in beiden Gruppen. Grundsätzlich höhere Furchtratings sowie höhere Ratings der Generalisierungsstimuli im Vergleich zum sicheren Stimulus wiesen auf eine stärkere Generalisierung in der Untergruppe mit höherem Angst-Trait innerhalb der internalisierenden Probandengruppe hin. Die Analyse der Dotprobe Daten ergab schnellere Reaktionszeiten sowie häufigere Initialsakkaden gegenüber furchteinflößenden Stimuli bei Patienten mit internalisierender Störung. Des Weiteren zeigten sehr ängstliche Probanden häufiger einen Attentional bias im Chi Quadrat Test als nicht-ängstliche Probanden. Dies wies daraufhin, dass sowohl bei Patienten mit internalisierender Störung als auch bei sehr ängstlichen Probanden ein Attentional bias gegenüber furchtrelevanten Stimuli vorliegt. Vor allem bei Kindern mit internalisierender Störung sagten die Ängstlichkeit und veränderte Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse die Ausprägung der Furchtgeneralisierung voraus. Somit kann ein Zusammenhang von veränderten Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen und Furchtgeneralisierung vermutet werden. N2 - Overgeneralization of fear, diminished discrimination skills as well as attentional biases were identified in adult patients with anxiety disorders in preceding studies. In healthy individuals, children display stronger fear generalization than adults. Their generalization gradients resemble those of adults with anxiety disorders. Hence, dysfunctional learning processes during childhood may have long term effects on developing anxiety disorders. Despite the relevance of fear learning in childhood, few studies on the underlying cognitive processes exist. This study investigates the associations of fear generalization with attentional biases in a clinical population of children and adolescents suffering from internalizing disorders. Therefore, children and adolescents with internalizing disorders (n= 49) as well as a healthy control group (n= 48) completed a fear generalization paradigm with discrimination task as well as a modified dot probe task with integrated eye tracking. Trait anxiety was determined by different anxiety questionnaires. The generalization task used two neutral female faces as stimuli which were paired (CS+) or not paired (CS-) with a 95dB loud scream and a fearful facial expression. Fear reactions were measured by subjective ratings of arousal, valence and contingency as well as by skin conductance responses. The dot probe analysis included a comparison of reaction times and initial saccades. Statistical analyses of the fear generalization task and the dot probe were performed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by t-tests for further analysis. Moreover, attentional biases of non-anxious and very anxious participants were classified into categories and compared by Chi square analysis. In order to analyse the associations of fear generalization with attentional biases a regression analysis was conducted with a GS mean value as dependant variable and anxiety scores and attention allocation biases as predictors. Significance levels were set at p=.05. Results showed solid fear conditioning in a clinical population by the “Screaming lady” paradigm with significantly higher ratings for the aversive stimulus compared to the safe stimulus in both groups. Generally higher fear ratings as well as higher ratings of the generalization stimuli compared to the safe stimulus indicated stronger fear generalization in the anxious subgroup among patients with internalizing disorders. In the dot probe analysis, patients with internalizing disorders showed faster reaction times and more initial saccades when confronted with a threatening stimulus. Furthermore, the group of anxious participants displayed a higher frequency of attentional bias in the Chi square analysis compared to the non-anxious subgroup. These results indicate a threat related attentional bias in patients with internalizing disorders as well as in very anxious subjects. Anxiety scores and attentional bias measures predicted the level of generalization in the regression analysis, most notably, in children with internalizing disorders. This indicates combined effects of fear generalization and attentional biases for minor clinical populations. KW - Kinderpsychiatrie KW - Angststörung KW - Furchtgeneralisierung KW - Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse KW - Internalisierende Störung KW - Kindesalter KW - Furchtentwicklung KW - Fear generalization KW - Attentional bias KW - Children KW - Kind KW - Furchtkonditionierung Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282658 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Han, Chao A1 - Ren, Pengxuan A1 - Mamtimin, Medina A1 - Kruk, Linus A1 - Sarukhanyan, Edita A1 - Li, Chenyu A1 - Anders, Hans-Joachim A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Krueger, Irena A1 - Elvers, Margitta A1 - Goebel, Silvia A1 - Adler, Kristin A1 - Münch, Götz A1 - Gudermann, Thomas A1 - Braun, Attila A1 - Mammadova-Bach, Elmina T1 - Minimal collagen-binding epitope of glycoprotein VI in human and mouse platelets JF - Biomedicines N2 - Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is a platelet-specific receptor for collagen and fibrin, regulating important platelet functions such as platelet adhesion and thrombus growth. Although the blockade of GPVI function is widely recognized as a potent anti-thrombotic approach, there are limited studies focused on site-specific targeting of GPVI. Using computational modeling and bioinformatics, we analyzed collagen- and CRP-binding surfaces of GPVI monomers and dimers, and compared the interacting surfaces with other mammalian GPVI isoforms. We could predict a minimal collagen-binding epitope of GPVI dimer and designed an EA-20 antibody that recognizes a linear epitope of this surface. Using platelets and whole blood samples donated from wild-type and humanized GPVI transgenic mice and also humans, our experimental results show that the EA-20 antibody inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to collagen and CRP, but not to fibrin. The EA-20 antibody also prevents thrombus formation in whole blood, on the collagen-coated surface, in arterial flow conditions. We also show that EA-20 does not influence GPVI clustering or receptor shedding. Therefore, we propose that blockade of this minimal collagen-binding epitope of GPVI with the EA-20 antibody could represent a new anti-thrombotic approach by inhibiting specific interactions between GPVI and the collagen matrix. KW - GPVI KW - collagen KW - blood platelets KW - thrombosis KW - anti-thrombotic therapies Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304148 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Käs, Johannes T1 - Prävalenz von chronischer Niereninsuffizienz und Awareness von chronischer Niereninsuffizienz bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung – zeitliche Trends in Würzburg T1 - Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and awareness of chronic kidney disease in coronary heart disease patients – secular trends in Würzburg N2 - Die chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CKD) gilt als wichtiger prognostischer Faktor bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung (KHK). Das Bewusstsein (Awareness) für das Vorliegen einer CKD bei Ärzten wie bei Patienten kann bei der Therapie von KHK-Patienten eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Beschreibung der zeitlichen Trends der CKD-Prävalenz sowie der Awareness bei KHK-Patienten und Ärzten im Rahmen der EUROASPIRE (EA) V Studie im Studienzentrum Würzburg. EA V ist eine multizentrische Querschnittsstudie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zur Untersuchung der Qualität der Sekundärprävention bei KHK-Patienten, die 6-24 Monate vor dem Studienbesuch stationär behandelt wurden. Nierenfunktion und Nierenerkrankung wurden mit der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (eGFR) und der Urin Albumin-Kreatinin-Ratio abgeschätzt und klassifiziert. Die CKD Awareness der Patienten wurde anhand standardisierter Fragen erhoben. Die CKD Awareness der Ärzte wurde über die ICD-10 Codierung in der Patientenakte sowie die Dokumentation im Entlassungsbrief erfasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der Würzburger EUROASPIRE IV (2012/13) Substudie verglichen. In EA V wurden 219 KHK-Patienten (Median 70 Jahre, 81% Männer) in Würzburg eingeschlossen. Bei Studienbesuch betrug die Prävalenz der CKD 32%, davon waren sich 30% der Patienten der CKD bewusst. Bei 26% der 73 Patienten mit während des Index-Krankenhausaufenthaltes apparenter Nierenfunktionseinschränkung wurde diese auch im Entlassungsbrief dokumentiert und bei 80% korrekt in der Patientenakte codiert. Im Vergleich zu EA IV zeigte sich die eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion während des Krankenhausaufenthaltes (p=0,013) und während des Studienbesuchs (p=0,056) häufiger. Bezüglich der CKD Awareness bei Ärzten und Patienten gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezogen auf die gesamten Kohorten. Im Frühstadium G3a zeigte sich eine statistisch signifikant geringere CKD Awareness der Patienten in EA V verglichen mit EA IV. Die CKD ist eine häufige Komorbidität bei KHK-Patienten. Die CKD Awareness ist bei Patienten, aber auch Ärzten niedrig. Aus dieser Konstellation ergeben sich Handlungsaufträge für eine gezielte Aufklärung von Patienten und nachhaltig wirksame Fortbildung der behandelnden Ärzte. N2 - Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important prognostic factor for patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). CKD awareness of patients and physicians could play a major role for therapy of CHD patients. Aim of this study was to describe the secular trends of CKD prevalence and CKD awareness of patients and their treating physicians in CHD patients in Würzburg. The project was realized in frame of the European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events (EUROASPIRE) V survey – a multinational initiative of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). EUROASPIRE (EA) V is a multicenter cross-sectional study investigating the quality of secondary prevention of CHD patients who were hospitalized due to CHD 6-24 months prior to the study visit. Kidney function was estimated by using the CKD-EPI formula and Albuminuria (Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio) and classified in CKD-G and -A stages according to KDIGO guidelines. Information on patient´s awareness of CKD was assessed in standardized interviews. Mentioning CKD or acute kidney injury (AKI) at exposed parts of the discharge letter and coding of relevant ICD-codes regarding CKD and AKI served as a proxy for physician`s awareness of CKD. The results were compared to the EA IV (2012/13) survey in Würzburg. A total of 219 CHD patients were enrolled in EA V in Würzburg (median age at the study visit 70 years, 81% male). CKD prevalence was 32% at study visit, of those had 30% CKD awareness. At the index hospital stay 73 patients had an impaired kidney function. In 26% this was mentioned in the discharge letter and in 80% ICD-codes were applied after discharge. CKD was more frequent in EA V during the hospital stay (p=0,013) and during the study visit (p=0,056) compared to EA IV. CKD awareness of patients and physicians showed no significant differences regarding the whole EA V and IV cohorts. But patient´s CKD awareness was significantly lower in EA V in the early stage G3a compared to EA IV. CKD is common in CHD patients and CKD awareness is low in patients and as well in their treating physicians. Therefore, action needs to be done: More effort should be taken for enhanced patient education and physicians training. KW - Chronische Niereninsuffizienz KW - Awareness KW - Koronare Herzkrankheit Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323407 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wabnitz, Katharina A1 - Schwienhorst-Stich, Eva-Maria A1 - Asbeck, Franziska A1 - Fellmann, Cara Sophie A1 - Gepp, Sophie A1 - Leberl, Jana A1 - Mezger, Nikolaus Christian Simon A1 - Eichinger, Michael T1 - National Planetary Health learning objectives for Germany: A steppingstone for medical education to promote transformative change JF - Frontiers in Public Health N2 - Physicians play an important role in adapting to and mitigating the adverse health effects of the unfolding climate and ecological crises. To fully harness this potential, future physicians need to acquire knowledge, values, skills, and leadership attributes to care for patients presenting with environmental change-related conditions and to initiate and propel transformative change in healthcare and other sectors of society including, but not limited to, the decarbonization of healthcare systems, the transition to renewable energies and the transformation of transport and food systems. Despite the potential of Planetary Health Education (PHE) to support medical students in becoming agents of change, best-practice examples of mainstreaming PHE in medical curricula remain scarce both in Germany and internationally. The process of revising and updating the Medical Licensing Regulations and the National Competency-based Catalog of Learning Objectives for Medical Education in Germany provided a window of opportunity to address this implementation challenge. In this article, we describe the development and content of national Planetary Health learning objectives for Germany. We anticipate that the learning objectives will stimulate the development and implementation of innovative Planetary Health teaching, learning and exam formats in medical schools and inform similar initiatives in other health professions. The availability of Planetary Health learning objectives in other countries will provide opportunities for cross-country and interdisciplinary exchange of experiences and validation of content, thus supporting the consolidation of Planetary Health learning objectives and the improvement of PHE for all health professionals globally. KW - climate change KW - curriculum development KW - education for sustainable healthcare KW - medical education KW - Planetary Health KW - Planetary Health Education KW - transformative education Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-306027 SN - 2296-2565 VL - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Völker, Christine Irma Annikki T1 - In-vitro-Analyse der Maturation und Interaktion neuronaler Stammzellen des Nucleus Cochlearis der Ratte T1 - In vitro analysis of the maturation and interaction of neural stem cells from the rat’s cochlear nucleus N2 - Im Jahre 2011 wurden erstmals neuronale Stammzellen (NSCs) im Nucleus Cochlearis (N.C.) der Ratte beschrieben (Rak et al. 2011). Um diese Zellen besser zu charakterisieren, war das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die NSCs des N.C. im Hinblick auf ihre Maturation und Interaktion in neuronalen Netzwerken sowie auf die Möglichkeiten nichtinvasiver Beeinflussung dieser Zellen zu untersuchen und diese mit primären Neuronen des N.C. zu vergleichen. Für die Untersuchungen waren intrazelluläre Calcium-Ionen (Ca2+) von besonderem Interesse, da diese über spannungsgesteuerte Ca2+-Kanäle (VGCCs) und deren Spontanoszillationen indirekt die Aktivität und Differenzierung der Neurone widerspiegeln könnten. Für die Analyse wurden N.C.s von P6 Ratten mikroskopisch präpariert und nach Dissoziation in Einzelzellen die NSCs für 8 Wochen in Stammzellmedium kultiviert oder direkt als primäre Neurone im Stammzellmedium ausplattiert. Zur Vorbereitung der Untersuchungen fand eine Kultivierung der jeweiligen Zellen für 4 Tage in Differenzierungsmedium statt. Anschließend wurden sie für Calcium-Imaging-Messungen mit dem Ca2+-sensitiven Fluorophor Oregon Green BAPTA-1 beladen. Zum einen wurde eine Analyse der Grundaktivitäten innerhalb der Zellareale und im neuronalen Netzwerk im Verlauf der Maturation durchgeführt. Zum anderen fand am Tag 4 der Zelldifferenzierung (DIF d4) eine Untersuchung der qualitativen und quantitativen Verteilung von VGCCs über die Zugabe der Ca2+-Kanalinhibitoren Nifedipin, ω-Conotoxin MVIIC, Kurtoxin und SNX-482 statt. In jedem Fall wurden die Zellen anschließend mit PFA fixiert und immunzytologisch untersucht. Zudem wurde eine Markierung der VGCCs mit dem Antikörper anti-Ca2+-Channel-(1 Subunit)-Pan vorgenommen. Innerhalb der Ergebnisse konnte eine Abhängigkeit der neuronalen Reifung von der Zellaktivität in Form von Ca2+-Strömen nachgewiesen werden. Hierfür zeigte sich ursächlich eine Variation im qualitativen und quantitativen Vorkommen von VGCCs und in ihrer Spontanaktivität innerhalb der Zellareale im Verlauf der neuronalen Maturation. NSCs zeigten ein ähnliches Verhalten wie primär kultivierte Neurone - sowohl bezüglich ihres Aktivitätsmusters während der Differenzierung als auch bezüglich ihrer Möglichkeit der Inhibierung, was auf eine ähnliche Expression von VGCCs hinweisen könnte. Die höchste Aktivität zeigte sich in beiden Fällen bei DIF d4. Die neurogene Nische, welche in der Literatur sowohl bei Ratten (Rak et al. 2011) als auch bei Mäusen (Volkenstein et al. 2013) im N.C. nachweisbar war, könnte somit zur Analysierung pathologischer Prozesse sowie auch zu deren Behandlung in Betracht gezogen werden. Zusammenfassend konnte in der vorliegenden Dissertation eine Charakterisierung des N.C. der Hörbahn in elektrophysiologischer und biochemischer Hinsicht erreicht werden. Die Ansätze dieser Arbeit könnten in Zukunft zu Therapieoptionen der Hörrehabilitation auf dieser Ebene beitragen. N2 - Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been described in the cochlear nucleus (C.N.) of rats. The objective of this thesis was further characterize these cells with regard to their maturation and interaction in neural networks in comparison with primary neurons of the C.N. and the possibility of non-invasive influence by soluble factors. In this context, particular attention should be paid to the intracellular calcium ions as these could indirectly reflect the activity and differentiation of the neurons via voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and their spontaneous oscillations. For analysis the C.N.s from p6 rats were microscopically prepared and after dissociation in single cells the NSCs were cultured in a neurosphere assay or plated directly as primary neurons. For calcium imaging measurements cells were loaded with the calcium sensitive fluorophore Oregon Green BAPTA-1. Spontaneous activities were analyzed within the cell areas and in neural networks during course of maturation. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative distribution of VGCCs was investigated by blocking the cells with the calcium channel inhibitors Nifedipine, ω-Conotoxin MVIIC, Kurtoxin and SNX-482. After calcium imaging analysis cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and examined immunocytologically regarding to their status of differentiation. In addition, the VGCCs were marked by the antibody anti-calcium-channel-(1 subunit)-pan. A dependence of neural maturation on cell activity by calcium currents could be demonstrated. The reason for this was a variation in qualitative and quantitative occurrence of VGCCs and in their spontaneous activity within the cell areas in the course of neural maturation. Interestingly NSCs behaved similar to primary cultured neurons - both in their activity pattern and in their possibility of inhibition during differentiation, which indicates a similar expression of VGCCs. The highest activity in both cell types was found on day 4 of cell differentiation. In the presented thesis NSCs of the C.N. were further characterized by electrophysiological and biochemical investigations. The results could contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for hearing rehabilitation in the future. KW - Nucleus cochlearis anterior KW - Nucleus cochlearis posterior KW - Nucleus Cochlearis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323173 ER - TY - THES A1 - Knochenhauer, Tim T1 - Die Rolle von HIF-1α in T-Zellen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen T1 - Role of HIF-1α in T cells in cardiovascular diseases N2 - Die Atherosklerose ist als Ursache kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen, welche die häufigste Todesursache weltweit darstellen, von großer klinischer und wissenschaftlicher Relevanz. Atherosklerose ist charakterisiert durch Einlagerungen von Lipiden in die Gefäßwand, welche zur Ausbildung von Plaques führen. Als Folge wird eine chronische Entzündungsreaktion eingeleitet, die durch spezifische Immunzellen, unter anderem T-Lymphozyten, und komplexe molekulare Prozesse aufrechterhalten wird. Durch eine verminderte Sauerstoffdiffusionskapazität und eine hohe Zelldichte ist das Milieu in den Plaques hypoxisch. Zur zellulären Anpassung an ein solches hypoxisches Milieu werden Hypoxie-induzierbare Faktoren (HIF) in den Immunzellen stabilisiert. Der Transkriptionsfaktor HIF-1 ist ein heterodimeres Protein, welches die Transkription bestimmter Zielgene initiiert, die den Zellen notwendige Adaptationen des Zellstoffwechsels an ein vermindertes Sauerstoffangebot ermöglichen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand darin zu untersuchen, inwiefern sich ein Ausschalten des Transkriptionsfaktor HIF-1α selektiv in T-Lymphozyten auf Atherosklerose und Myokardinfarkt auswirkt. Die funktionelle Bedeutung von HIF-1α in T-Zellen in der Pathogenese dieser Erkrankungen wurde an zwei Mausmodellen untersucht. Im Atherosklerose Modell wurde Biomaterial von LDLR-/- Mäusen mit T-Zell spezifischem Knockout von HIF-1α nach achtwöchiger fettreicher Western-Typ Diät untersucht. Histologisch zeigte sich eine vermehrte Plaqueausprägung und ein verminderter Makrophagenanteil in den Plaques. Durchflusszytometrisch und mittels qPCR konnten keine Unterschiede in der Lymphozytendifferenzierung in Milz und Lymphknoten dieser Mäuse nachgewiesen werden. Im Myokardinfarkt-Modell mit T-Zell spezifischem HIF-1α Knockout konnte in früheren Untersuchungen der Arbeitsgruppe eine vergrößerte Infarktzone mit eingeschränkter kardialer Funktion nachgewiesen werden. Histologisch konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit hierfür kein zellmorphologisches Korrelat in Kardiomyozytengröße oder der Vaskularisation des Myokards gefunden werden. In Zukunft könnte HIF-1α in T-Lymphozyten ein möglicher Angriffspunkt zur medikamentösen Prävention oder Therapie kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen sein. N2 - Atherosclerosis is of great clinical and scientific relevance as a cause of cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is characterized by deposition of lipids in the vessel wall, which leads to the formation of plaques. As a consequence, a chronic inflammatory response is initiated, which is maintained by specific immune cells, including T lymphocytes, and complex molecular processes. Due to a reduced oxygen diffusion capacity and a high cell density, the environment in the plaques is hypoxic. For cellular adaptation to such a hypoxic milieu, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are stabilized in immune cells. The transcription factor HIF-1 is a heterodimeric protein that initiates the transcription of specific target genes that enable cells to make necessary adaptations of cellular metabolism to a reduced oxygen supply. The aim of the present work was to investigate the extent to which silencing of the transcription factor HIF-1α selectively in T lymphocytes affects atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The functional significance of HIF-1α in T cells in the pathogenesis of these diseases was investigated in two mouse models. In the atherosclerosis model, biomaterial from LDLR-/- mice with T-cell specific knockout of HIF-1α was examined after an eight-week high-fat Western-type diet. Histologically, there was increased plaque expression and decreased macrophage content in plaques. Flow cytometry and qPCR did not detect differences in lymphocyte differentiation in the spleen and lymph nodes of these mice. In the myocardial infarction model with T-cell specific HIF-1α knockout, an enlarged infarct zone with impaired cardiac function could be detected in previous studies of the research group. Histologically, no cell morphological correlate for this in cardiomyocyte size or myocardial vascularization could be found in this work. In the future, HIF-1α in T lymphocytes could be a potential target for drug prevention or therapy of cardiovascular diseases. KW - Hypoxie-induzierbarer Faktor KW - Arteriosklerose KW - T-Lymphozyt KW - Herzinfarkt KW - HIF-1α KW - HIF-1α KW - T-Lymphozyten KW - T cell KW - Atherosklerose KW - Atherosclerosis KW - CVD KW - Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322758 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ege, Carolin T1 - Einfluss der Phosphodiesterase 10A auf cAMP-abhängige Signalwege und deren Effekt auf osteogene Differenzierung und Mechanotransduktion von mesenchymalen Stromazellen T1 - Influence of phosphodiesterase 10A on cAMP-dependent signaling pathways and their effect on osteogenic differentiation and mechanotransduction of mesenchymal stromal cells N2 - Humane mesenchymale Stromazellen sind in der Lage in osteogene Zellen zu differenzieren, und für diese osteogene Differenzierung ist mechanische Belastung ein relevanter Kostimulus. Mechanotransduktion hat zur Folge, dass second messenger wie cAMP und cGMP gebildet werden und sich die Ca2+-Konzentration erhöht, welche wiederum Transkriptionsfaktoren aktivieren, die die Regulation von Genen osteogener Marker vermitteln. Die second messenger cAMP und cGMP werden abgebaut durch Phosphodiesterasen, jedoch ist die Rolle dieser Phosphodiesterasen während der osteogenen Differenzierung oder Mechanotransduktion weiterhin unklar. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, herauszufinden, inwieweit im Besonderen die Phosphodiesterase 10A einen Einfluss nimmt auf die osteogene Differenzierung und die Mechanotransduktion von mesenchymalen Stromazellen und inwiefern sie dabei die cAMP-abhängigen Signalwege moduliert. Langfristig soll hiermit herausgefunden wer-den, welche Bedeutung die PDE10A auf altersinduzierte Krankheiten hat, wobei der Fokus zunächst auf der Osteoporose liegen soll. Um dies zu erreichen, wurden experimentelle Versuche zunächst mit HEK293- und hMSC-TERT-Zellen als Modell für mesenchymale Stromazellen durchgeführt, dann auch mit den mesenchymalen Stromazellen selbst. Untersucht wurde der Einfluss des PDE10A-Inhibitors Papaverin auf die Zellen und auf deren mechanische Induzierbarkeit, sowieso auf die osteogene Differenzierung der hMSC. Außerdem wurden weitere mechanische Versuche durchgeführt, zur Überprüfung des Effekts der Phosphodiesterase 10A. Es wurde beobachtet, dass die Inhibierung von PDE10A mit Papaverin die osteogene Differenzierung und Mineralisierung vermindert. Außerdem gab es einen ersten Hinweis, dass eine Überexpression von PDE10A schwächenden Einfluss nimmt auf die Expression mechanoresponsiver Gene. Nachfolgend auf diese Arbeit wurde erkannt, dass die Expression von mechanoresponsiven Genen durch die PDE10A-Inhibition unterdrückt wird. N2 - Human mesenchymal stromal cells are able to differentiate into osteogenic cells, and for this osteogenic differentiation mechanical stress is a relevant costimulus. Mechanotransduction results in the formation of second messengers such as cAMP and cGMP and an increase in Ca2+ concentration, which in turn activate transcription factors that mediate the regulation of osteogenic marker genes. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP are degraded by phosphodiesterases, but the role of these phosphodiesterases during osteogenic differentiation or mechanotransduction remains unclear. The aim of this work was to determine to what extent phosphodiesterase 10A in particular influences osteogenic differentiation and mechanotransduction of mesenchymal stromal cells and to what extent it modulates cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. In the long term, the aim is to find out what role PDE10A plays in age-related diseases, with an initial focus on osteoporosis. To achieve this, experimental trials were first performed using HEK293 and hMSC-TERT cells as a model for mesenchymal stromal cells, and then also using the mesenchymal stromal cells themselves. The influence of the PDE10A inhibitor papaverine on the cells and on their mechanical inducibility, as well as on the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC was investigated. In addition, further mechanical experiments were performed, to verify the effect of phosphodiesterase 10A. It was observed that inhibition of PDE10A with papaverine decreased osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. In addition, there was initial evidence that overexpression of PDE10A has a debilitating effect on the expression of mechanoresponsive genes. Subsequent to this work, it was recognized that the expression of mechanoresponsive genes is suppressed by PDE10A inhibition. KW - Mesenchymzelle KW - Osteoporose KW - Cyclisches Nucleotid Phosphodiesterase <3,5-> KW - Papaverin KW - Mechanotransduktion KW - Phosphodiesterase 10A KW - cAMP KW - MSC KW - Mesenchymale Stromazellen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328327 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dittmar, Eva Elisabeth T1 - Beleibtheit als Gegenstand von Karikaturen in der Weimarer Republik T1 - Obesity as the Subject of Caricatures in the Weimar Republic N2 - Die Wahrnehmung und Darstellung der Korpulenz in der westlichen Welt ist von einer Vielfalt von Bildern, Assoziationen und Wertungen geprägt. Werden Menschen auf Bildern mit einem dicken Bauch gezeigt, so kann dieser als Zeichen für Prestige, Wohlstand, Macht, Stärke und Respektabilität fungieren. Der dicke Bauch kann jedoch auch auf Unmoral und Schwäche verweisen und in ästhetischer Hinsicht als abstoßend empfunden werden. In dieser Arbeit soll untersucht werden, wie Beleibtheit in Karikaturen der Weimarer Zeit dargestellt wird, welche Bilder, Assoziationen und Werturteile in ihnen zum Ausdruck kommen. Es werden verschiedene Typen von beleibten Menschen herausgearbeitet, die in den Karikaturen dargestellt werden. Diese Typologie verweist auf eine Fülle von Bedeutungen, mit denen Korpulenz zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik aufgeladen war. Diese sollen mithilfe der Forschungsliteratur zur Weimarer Zeit in den zeitgenössischen Kontext eingebettet werden. Auf diese Weise soll zugleich herausgearbeitet werden, welche Topoi mehr oder weniger spezifisch für die Weimarer Zeit waren und welche auf ältere, in die Zeit der Aufklärung oder sogar in die Antike zurückreichende Traditionen verweisen. Die Vorstellungen von Korpulenz wurden in der Weimarer Republik auch durch die zeitgenössische Medizin geprägt. Es gab damals bereits eine intensive medizinische Debatte über die Beleibtheit und ihre Gefahren. Ärzte und Wissenschaftler versuchten, den Ursachen, den Folgeerscheinungen und der Behandlung von Fettsucht auf den Grund zu gehen. Es stellt sich damit auch die Frage, inwieweit die Wahrnehmung der Beleibtheit in der Gesellschaft – wie sie in den Karikaturen zum Ausdruck kam – und die medizinische Debatte sich wechselseitig beeinflussten. N2 - The perception and portrayal of obesity in the West has been informed by a variety of images, associations and value judgements. Depictions of a bulging stomach can function as a symbol of prestige, prosperity, power, strength and respectability. Yet the same bulging stomach can conversely imply immorality, weakness and be perceived as aesthetically repulsive. This paper examines the portrayal of obesity in cartoons of the Weimar-period and the images, associations, and value judgements expressed by these depictions. Through an examination of the varying types of obese bodies depicted I establish a typology that demonstrates the extent to which obesity was charged with meaning during the Weimar-period. Supported by secondary literature on the Weimar-period I consider these connotations from a present day perspective in order to make possible a distinction between those topoi specific to the Weimar-period and those whose roots lie further back, in the Enlightenment or even antiquity. Weimar-period ideas about obesity were shaped by the medical beliefs of the day. Already at the time there was an intense debate about the potential dangers of obesity. Doctors and scientists of the period conducted research into root causes, consequences and possible treatments of obesity. The question that arises is: to what extent did Weimar society's perception of obesity, as expressed in cartoons, and contemporary medical discourse interact? KW - Karikatur KW - Fettleibigkeit KW - Weimarer Republik KW - Beleibtheit KW - Fettsucht Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313379 ER - TY - THES A1 - Steinacker, Valentin Carl T1 - Analyse von ABC-Transportern im Zusammenhang mit Multidrug-Resistance in Zelllinien des Plattenepithelkarzinoms der Mundhöhle T1 - Analysis of ABC transporters associated with multidrug-resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines N2 - ABC-Transporter sind ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Entwicklung von Resistenzen gegen Chemotherapeutika. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Resistenzentwicklung in HNSCC-Zelllinien im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Cisplatinkozentrationen und Inkubationszeiten zu analysieren, sowie die Expression von ABC-Transportern via semi-quantitativer RT-PCR in diesen Zellen zu untersuchen. Die Zellen zeigten dabei keine relevante Resistenzentwick-lung im Sinne eines Anstiegs der IC50. Bei drei der Zelllinien konnte jedoch eine hohe intrin-sische Cisplatinresistenz beobachtet werden. Diese resistenten Zelllinien wiesen nach Inku-bation mit Cisplatin deutlich höhere Expressionswerte für TAP1, TAP2, ABCG2 sowie die ABCC-Transporterfamilie auf. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Expression der ABCC-Familie mit zunehmender Inkubationsdauer abnahm. TAP1 in PCI-9 und PCI-68 war auch noch nach vierwöchiger Inkubation stark überexprimiert. Die initiale IC50 dieser Zelllinien lag dabei deutlich über der Plasmakonzentration von Pati-enten mit Hochdosis-Chemotherapie. Die Expression der Transporter aus der ABCC-Familie ließ die Vermutung zu, dass diese Transporter initial zur Resistenz gegen Cisplatin beitrugen, allerdings mit zunehmender Inkubationsdauer an Bedeutung verloren. Diese Annahme wurde dadurch gestützt, dass die HNSCC-Zelllinien nach einem inkubationsfreien Intervall von vier Wochen im Anschluss an die Inkubation mit Cisplatin deutliche Überexpressionen der ABCC-Transporterfamilie zeigten. Auch für Transporter (ABCG2 und TAP-Transporter), die keine Effluxfunktion für Cisplatin besitzen, konnte ein Zusammenhang der Expression mit der Resistenz der HNSCC-Zellen beobachtet werden. Der Beitrag dieser Transporter zur Resistenz von Tumorzellen könnte über deren Funktionen im Metabolismus von Tumorzel-len, deren Fähigkeiten Tumorstammzellen zu bilden und dem Efflux endogener Zellstress verursachender Substrate erklärt werden. Allerdings werden diese Transporter erst seit kur-zem mit Resistenzen gegen Cisplatin in Verbindung gebracht. Aufbauend auf diese Studie wäre eine Verifizierung der Kausalität des Resistenzmechanismus durch knock-down und Inhibition der von uns untersuchten Transporter sinnvoll. N2 - ABC transporters are an important aspect in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to analyse the development of resistance in HNSCC cell lines in connection with different cisplatin concentrations and incubation times, as well as to investigate the expression of ABC transporters in these cells via semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The cells did not show any relevant development of resistance in the sense of an increase in the IC50. However, a high intrinsic cisplatin resistance was observed in three of the cell lines. These resistant cell lines showed significantly higher expression values for TAP1, TAP2, ABCG2 and the ABCC transporter family after incubation with cisplatin. It was shown that the expression of the ABCC family decreased with increasing incubation time. In PCI-9 and PCI-68 TAP1 was still strongly overexpressed after four weeks of incubation. The initial IC50 of these cell lines was significantly higher than the plasma concentration of patients with high-dose chemotherapy. The expression of transporters from the ABCC family led to the assumption that these transporters initially contributed to resistance to cisplatin, but lost importance with increasing incubation time. This assumption was supported by the fact that the HNSCC cell lines showed clear overexpression of the ABCC transporter family after an incubation-free interval of four weeks following incubation with cisplatin. For transporters (ABCG2 and TAP transporters) that do not have an efflux function for cisplatin, a correlation of expression with the resistance of HNSCC cells was also observed. The contribution of these transporters to the resistance of tumour cells could be explained by their functions in the metabolism of tumour cells, their ability to form tumour stem cells and the efflux of endogenous cell stress-causing substrates. However, these transporters have only recently been linked to resistance to cisplatin. Building on this study, it would be useful to verify the causality of the resistance mechanism by knocking down and inhibiting the transporters we studied. KW - ABC-Transporter KW - Plattenepithelcarcinom KW - Multidrug-Resistenz KW - Tumor Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314202 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gefel, Eugen T1 - Zelluläre Resorption 3D-gedruckter Knochenimplantate auf Basis von Calciummagnesiumphosphaten T1 - Cellular resorption of 3D-printed bone implants based on calcium magnesium phosphates N2 - Für die Behandlung von Knochendefekten kritischer Größe gibt es heute eine Reihe von Therapiemöglichkeiten. Neuartige Ansätze mit Magnesiumphosphat- (MPC) und Calciummagnesiumphosphatzementen (CMPC) haben sich als echte Alternativen zu den etablierten Calciumphosphaten erwiesen. Ziel war es, die Osteoklastogenese in vitro auf 3D-pulvergedrucktem CMPC und MPC zu induzieren und die zelluläre Resorption (zR) zu analysieren. Polystyrol (PS), Glas, β-TCP und Brushit-bildender Zement dienten als Referenzen. Als Proben wurden Zemente der allgemeinen stöchiometrischen Summenformel CaxMg(3–x)(PO4)2 (x = 0; 0,25; 0,75; 3) verwendet, die Struvit oder Newberyit enthielten. Für die Osteoklastogenese wurden monozytenangereicherte PBMCs aus Buffy-Coat mittels dreifacher Dichtegradientenzentrifugation isoliert, auf die Prüfoberflächen ausgesät und über einen Zeitraum von 22 Tagen mit Zytokinen (M-CSF und RANKL) stimuliert. Die Interaktion der Zellen mit den Zementen bzw. PS/Glas wurde mittels TRAP-Färbung und -Aktivität, DNA- und Ionenkonzentrationen (Ca2+, Mg2+, PO43–, pH-Wert), Rasterelektronen-, Durchlicht-, Auflicht- und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie analysiert. Auf den Struvit- und Newberyit-bildenden Zementen konnten keine für Osteoklasten typischen Riesenzellen nachgewiesen werden. Auf den Struvit-bildenden Zementen wurde deutlich mehr mononukleäre Zellen nachgewiesen wurden als auf den Newberyit-bildenden Zementen. Während die Freisetzung von Mg2+ und PO43– ausschließlich durch die chemische Degradation erfolgte, wurde Ca2+ zunächst adsorbiert und anschließend durch zR freigesetzt. Die erhöhte Ca2+-Adsorption im Vergleich zur Ca2+-Resorption führte insgesamt zu einer Calcium-Präzipitation. Da lediglich auf β-TCP Resorptionslakunen beobachtet wurden, wird angenommen, dass auf den CMPC, MPC und Brushite-bildenden Zementen die zellvermittelte Ca2+-Freisetzung von den Präzipitaten ausging, die von Makrophagen auf den Zementen und/oder Riesenzellen auf den Wellplatten resorbiert wurden. N2 - There are a number of therapeutic options available today for the treatment of critical size bone defects. Novel approaches using magnesium phosphate (MPC) and calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPC) have proven to be real alternatives to the established calcium phosphates. The aim was to induce osteoclastogenesis in vitro on 3D powder-printed CMPC and MPC and to analyse cellular resorption (zR). Polystyrene (PS), glass, β-TCP and brushite-forming cement served as references. Cements of the general stoichiometric molecular formula CaxMg(3-x)(PO4)2 (x = 0; 0.25; 0.75; 3) containing struvite or newberyite were used as samples. For osteoclastogenesis, monocyte-enriched PBMCs were isolated from buffy coat by triple density gradient centrifugation, seeded onto the test surfaces and stimulated with cytokines (M-CSF and RANKL) over a period of 22 days. The interaction of the cells with the cements or PS/glass was analysed by TRAP staining and activity, DNA and ion concentrations (Ca2+, Mg2+, PO43-, pH), SEM, transmitted light, reflected light and fluorescence microscopy. No giant cells typical of osteoclasts could be detected on the struvite- and newberyite-forming cements. On the struvite-forming cements, significantly more mononuclear cells were detected than on the newberyite-forming cements. While the release of Mg2+ and PO43- was exclusively by chemical degradation, Ca2+ was first adsorbed and then released by zR. The increased Ca2+ adsorption compared to Ca2+ resorption led to calcium precipitation overall. Since resorption lacunae were only observed on β-TCP, it is assumed that on the CMPC, MPC and Brushite-forming cements, the cell-mediated Ca2+ release originated from the precipitates resorbed by macrophages on the cements and/or giant cells on the well plates. KW - Knochenzement KW - Osteoklast KW - Struvit KW - Calciumphosphat KW - Magnesiumphosphate KW - Newberyit KW - Calciummagnesiumphosphat KW - Bioresorption KW - 3D Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322248 ER - TY - THES A1 - Backhaus, Roman T1 - Altersbezogene Analyse polytraumatisierter Fahrradfahrer anhand des TraumaRegister DGU® T1 - Age-related analysis of polytraumatized cyclists using the TraumaRegister DGU® N2 - Die Anzahl an Fahrradfahrern steigt in allen Altersgruppen. Mit zunehmender Popularität erhöht sich die Anzahl an Unfällen mit zum Teil schweren Verletzungen. Im Zuge dessen stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss das Alter auf die Art und Schwere der Verletzungen, die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit und die Krankenhausverweildauer bei schwerverletzten Fahrradfahrern hat. Methoden: Es wurde eine retrospektive Auswertung der Daten des TraumaRegisters DGU® der Jahre 2010-2019 durchgeführt. Alle schwerverletzten Fahrradfahrer mit einem MAIS 3+ (N=14.651) im TR-DGU wurden in diese Studie eingeschlossen und die vorliegenden Parameter ausgewertet. Es erfolgte eine Unterteilung in vier Altersgruppen (20 - 59, 60 - 69, 70 - 79 und ≥ 80 Jahre). Ergebnisse: Verletzungen des Schädels traten mit 64,2% mit Abstand am häufigsten auf. Es zeigte sich eine deutliche Zunahme der schweren Kopfverletzungen in der Gruppe der über 60-Jährigen. Mit steigendem Alter nahm des Weiteren die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer präklinischen Intubation, die Katecholaminpflichtigkeit, die Intensiv- und Krankenhausverweildauer sowie die Sterblichkeit zu. Schlussfolgerung: Kopfverletzungen stellen die häufigste schwere Verletzung bei Fahrradfahrern dar. Da das Helmtragen nicht erfasst wird kann auf dessen Effektivität kein Rückschluss gezogen werden. Ein höheres Alter korreliert des Weiteren mit einer höheren Sterblichkeit, stellt jedoch keinen unabhängigen Risikofaktor zum Versterben bei einem schwerverletzten Patienten dar. N2 - The number of cyclists is increasing in all age groups. With increasing popularity, the number of accidents resulting in at times serious injuries is rising. Thus, the question arises as to what influence age has on the type and severity of injuries, the probability of survival and the length of hospital stay among seriously injured cyclists. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of the TraumaRegister DGU® from 2010-2019 was performed. All severely injured cyclists with a MAIS 3+ (N=14,651) in the TR-DGU were included in this study and the available parameters were evaluated. They were divided into four age groups (20 - 59, 60 - 69, 70 - 79 and ≥ 80 years). Results: Injuries to the skull were by far the most common, accounting for 64.2%. There was a marked increase in severe head injuries in the 60+ age group. Furthermore, with increasing age, the probability of prehospital intubation, catecholamine requirement, intensive care and hospital length of stay, and mortality increased. Conclusion: Head injuries represent the most common serious injury among bicyclists. Since wearing a helmet is not recorded, no conclusion can be drawn on its effectiveness. Furthermore, older age correlates with higher mortality, but is not an independent risk factor for death in a severely injured patient. KW - Fahrrad KW - Radfahrerunfall KW - Polytrauma KW - Fahrradunfall KW - bycicle accident KW - Unfall Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-316771 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jaklin, Tamara T1 - Nachweis von PD-1 und PD-L1 in Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Larynx und Hypopharynx T1 - Detection of PD-1 and PD-L1 in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx N2 - In der modernen Tumortherapie sind Checkpoint-Inhibitoren ein fester Bestandteil. Die Oberflächenproteine PD-L1 und PD-1 stellen die Angriffspunkte dieser spezifischen Therapie dar. Die Datenlage hinsichtlich PD-L1 in HNSCC ist sehr heterogen. Diese Arbeit beschäftigte sich daher mit der Expression von PD-L1 und PD-1 in einem Kollektiv von 118 Plattenepithelkarzinomen in Larynx und Hypopharynx und einer prognostischen Aussagekraft hinsichtlich mehrerer histopathologischer und epidemiologischer Faktoren. Außerdem wurde ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Expression von PD-L1, PD-1 und CD5 als T-Zell-Marker in besagtem Kollektiv untersucht. Die IHC-Färbungen wurden lichtmikroskopisch an tissue micro arrays untersucht. Für die Auswertung von PD-L1 wurde der bereits etablierte Cologne-Score verwendet, welcher zum einen zunächst erweitert und anschließend zwecks einer fundierten statistischen Auswertung ergänzend modifiziert wurde. Für CD5 und PD-1 wurden eigene Cut-Off-Werte generiert. 48 % der Fälle waren PD-L1+, die Spannweite im Literaturvergleich schwankt zwischen 30 – 90 %. PD-1+ waren insgesamt 31% der Fälle, auch hier zeigen sich deutliche Abweichungen zu den vorliegenden Publikationen. Hinsichtlich der prognostischen Aussagekraft konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen dem T-Stadium und der PD-L1-Expression aufgezeigt werden. Ob dies Einfluss auf mögliche Behandlungsstrategien hat, bleibt Gegenstand weiterer Forschung. Auch im Literaturvergleich finden sich wiederholt signifikante prognostische Zusammenhänge, jedoch beziehen sich diese auf differente Faktoren. Ursächlich dafür sind aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach Diskrepanzen in der PD-L1-Expression sowie deren Schwankungen durch äußere Einflüsse und nicht standardisierte Testverfahren. Es zeigten sich weiterhin Korrelationen zwischen den Markern, welche sich abschließend nicht alle gänzlich herleiten lassen. Zusammenfassend könnten einheitliche Testverfahren die Datenlage zu PD-L1 und PD-1 homogenisieren, auch mögliche Vortherapien sollten dementsprechend berücksichtigt werden. Allerdings erscheint die prognostische Aussagekraft von PD-L1 und auch von PD-1 insgesamt aufgrund der inkonstanten Expression hochgradig eingeschränkt, sodass sich in Zukunft vermehrt auf andere Marker konzentriert werden sollte. N2 - Checkpoint inhibitors are an essential part of modern tumor therapy. The surface proteins PD-L1 and PD-1 are the targets of this specific therapy. But the data situation regarding PD-L1 in HNSCC is very heterogeneous. This study therefore dealt with the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in a collective of 118 squamous cell carcinomas in the larynx and hypopharynx and a prognostic significance with regard to several histopathological and epidemiological factors. Furthermore, a possible link between the expression of PD-L1, PD-1 and CD5 as a T cell marker has been studied. The IHC stains were examined by light microscopy on tissue micro arrays. The already established Cologne score was used for the evaluation of PD-L1. Initially this score was expanded and additionally has been modified for a substantiated statistical analysis. Separate cut-off values were generated for CD5 and PD-1. 48 % of the cases were PD-L1+, literature shows a range between 30 – 90 %. PD-1+ were a total of 31% of the cases, there were distinctly discrepancies from the existing publications too. With regard to the prognostic significance, a significant correlation between the T-stage and PD-L1 expression could be shown. Whether this has an impact on possible treatment strategies remains the subject of further research. Significant prognostic correlations are also repeatedly found in the literature comparison, but these refer to different factors. In all likelihood, this is due to discrepancies in PD-L1 expression and its fluctuations due to external influences and non-standardized test procedures. There were also correlations between the used markers, not all of them could be fully explained. In summary, common test procedures could homogenize the data on PD-L1 and PD-1, furthermore possible previous therapies should also be considered. However, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 and also of PD-1 is highly limited due to the inconstant expression, so that in the future more focus should be placed on other markers. KW - Plattenepithelkarzinom KW - Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde KW - Pathologie KW - Immun-Checkpoint KW - Larynxkarzinom KW - Hypopharynxkarzinom KW - Checkpoint-Inhibitor KW - PD-L1 KW - PD-1 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313019 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rösing, Nils T1 - Neuroprotektive Effekte von Isosteviol-Natrium in einem in vitro Modell des Schlaganfalls T1 - Neuroprotective effects of isosteviol sodium in an in vitro model of stroke N2 - Ziel dieser Arbeit war der Nachweis eines neuroprotektiven Effektes von STVNA auf cerebEND Zellen der Maus in einem in vitro Modell des Schlaganfalls. Mit dem Verfahren zur Herstellung von STVNA konnte ein reines und im Vergleich zu Isosteviol in Wasser gut lösliches Produkt hergestellt werden, das die Anforderungen an eine Versuchssubstanz in einem in vitro Modell voll erfüllen konnte. Als in vitro Modell wurde das bereits bewährte Verfahren der OGD gewähl. CerebEND Zellen der Maus wurden für 4 h OGD ausgesetzt und anschließend für 4 h und 24 h mit 0, 1, 5, 10 und 20 mg/l STVNA behandelt. Direkt, 4 h und 24 h nach 4 h OGD wurden die jeweiligen Zellen geerntet und mittels Western Blot und qRT-PCR ausgewertet. Es wurden eine erhöhte Expression der Tight-Junction-Proteine Claudin-5 und Occludin, sowie ein stabilisierendes Expressionsverhalten der Transmembranproteine Integrin a 1 und Integrin a v nach Behandlung mit STVNA nachgewiesen. Ebenso wurde eine verminderte Expression des Glukosetransporters GLUT 1 beobachtet. Eine Volumenreduktion der cerebEND Zellen durch STVNA, während 4h OGD und gleichzeitiger Behandlung mit STVNA konnte ebenfalls festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit stützen die Thesen und Ergebnisse der aktuellen Literatur, dass STVNA neuroprotektive Eigenschaften hat. N2 - The endothelial cells of the BBB are acutely vital during ischemia due to hypoxia and hypoglycemia. A breakdown of the BBB's barrier function results in life-threatening complications and is a common cause of death. The aim of this work was to demonstrate a neuroprotective effect of STVNA on mouse cerebEND cells in an in vitro model of stroke. Mouse cerebEND cells were exposed to OGD for 4 h and then treated with 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l STVNA for 4 h and 24 h. The respective cells were harvested directly, 4 h and 24 h after 4 h OGD and evaluated by Western Blot and qRT-PCR. An increased expression of the tight junction proteins Claudin-5 and Occludin as well as a stabilizing expression behavior of the transmembrane proteins integrin a1 and integrin av were detected after treatment with STVNA. A reduced expression of the glucose transporter GLUT 1 was also observed. A volume reduction of the cerebEND cells by STVNA, during 4h OGD and simultaneous treatment with STVNA could also be determined. The results of this work support the theses and results of the current literature that STVNA has neuroprotective properties. KW - Stevia rebaudiana KW - Schlaganfall KW - Isosteviol-Natrium Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-310606 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schanbacher, Constanze A1 - Hermanns, Heike M. A1 - Lorenz, Kristina A1 - Wajant, Harald A1 - Lang, Isabell T1 - Complement 1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs): structure, receptors and signaling JF - Biomedicines N2 - Adiponectin and the other 15 members of the complement 1q (C1q)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein (CTRP) family are secreted proteins composed of an N-terminal variable domain followed by a stalk region and a characteristic C-terminal trimerizing globular C1q (gC1q) domain originally identified in the subunits of the complement protein C1q. We performed a basic PubMed literature search for articles mentioning the various CTRPs or their receptors in the abstract or title. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the biology of CTRPs and focus then on the structure, receptors and major signaling pathways of CTRPs. Analyses of CTRP knockout mice and CTRP transgenic mice gave overwhelming evidence for the relevance of the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of CTRPs in autoimmune diseases, obesity, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction. CTRPs form homo- and heterotypic trimers and oligomers which can have different activities. The receptors of some CTRPs are unknown and some receptors are redundantly targeted by several CTRPs. The way in which CTRPs activate their receptors to trigger downstream signaling pathways is largely unknown. CTRPs and their receptors are considered as promising therapeutic targets but their translational usage is still hampered by the limited knowledge of CTRP redundancy and CTRP signal transduction. KW - adiponectin KW - AMPK KW - C1q/TNF related protein (CTRP) KW - inflammation KW - metabolism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304136 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Del Vecchio, Jasmin A1 - Hanafi, Ibrahem A1 - Pozzi, Nicoló Gabriele A1 - Capetian, Philipp A1 - Isaias, Ioannis U. A1 - Haufe, Stefan A1 - Palmisano, Chiara T1 - Pallidal recordings in chronically implanted dystonic patients: mitigation of tremor-related artifacts JF - Bioengineering N2 - Low-frequency oscillatory patterns of pallidal local field potentials (LFPs) have been proposed as a physiomarker for dystonia and hold the promise for personalized adaptive deep brain stimulation. Head tremor, a low-frequency involuntary rhythmic movement typical of cervical dystonia, may cause movement artifacts in LFP signals, compromising the reliability of low-frequency oscillations as biomarkers for adaptive neurostimulation. We investigated chronic pallidal LFPs with the Percept\(^{TM}\) PC (Medtronic PLC) device in eight subjects with dystonia (five with head tremors). We applied a multiple regression approach to pallidal LFPs in patients with head tremors using kinematic information measured with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and an electromyographic signal (EMG). With IMU regression, we found tremor contamination in all subjects, whereas EMG regression identified it in only three out of five. IMU regression was also superior to EMG regression in removing tremor-related artifacts and resulted in a significant power reduction, especially in the theta-alpha band. Pallido-muscular coherence was affected by a head tremor and disappeared after IMU regression. Our results show that the Percept PC can record low-frequency oscillations but also reveal spectral contamination due to movement artifacts. IMU regression can identify such artifact contamination and be a suitable tool for its removal. KW - dystonia KW - tremor KW - local field potentials KW - globus pallidus KW - deep brain stimulation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313498 SN - 2306-5354 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neubert, Sven A1 - Schlecht, Sina A1 - Meng, Karin A1 - Rabe, Antonia A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth T1 - Effects of a video sequence based intervention on anxiety, fatigue and depression in cancer patients: results of a randomized controlled trial JF - Integrative Cancer Therapies N2 - Background: Cancer patients often suffer from psychological symptoms and need psychological support. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, eHealth interventions might be helpful to overcome the obstacles of the pandemic. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a video sequence-based eHealth intervention on anxiety, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients. Methods: Patients (N = 157) with different tumor entities were randomly assigned to the video intervention group (IG) and the waiting control group (CG). Patients in the IG received a video intervention comprising 8 video sequences over 4 weeks. The videos included psychoeducation on distress and psychological symptoms, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy elements, and Yoga and Qigong exercises. Patients’ anxiety and fear of progression (primary outcomes) and secondary outcomes were assessed before randomization (T1) and after the end of the intervention for IG or the waiting period for CG (T2) using self-reported questionnaires (GAD-7, PA-F-KF, EORTC QLQ-FA12, PHQ-8). Results: Patients of the IG showed no significant improvement in anxiety (GAD-7; P = .75), fear of progression (FoP-Q-SF; P = .29), fatigue (EORTC QLQ-FA12; P = .72), and depression (PHQ-8; P = .95) compared to patients in the waiting CG. However, symptoms of anxiety, fatigue, and depression decreased in both groups. Exploratory subgroup analysis regarding sex, therapy status, therapy goal, and tumor entity showed no effects. Overall, the intervention had a high level of acceptance. Conclusions: The video intervention was ineffective in reducing the psychological burden compared to a waiting CG. The findings support prior observations of the value of therapeutic guidance and promoting self-management for improving patients’ psychological burdens. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of psycho-oncological eHealth delivered through video sequences. KW - eHealth KW - psycho-oncology KW - complementary medicine KW - psychoeducation KW - mind-body-intervention KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - fatigue KW - oncology Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304581 SN - 1552-695X VL - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramírez-Zavala, Bernardo A1 - Betsova, Darina A1 - Schwanfelder, Sonja A1 - Krüger, Ines A1 - Mottola, Austin A1 - Krüger, Thomas A1 - Kniemeyer, Olaf A1 - Brakhage, Axel A. A1 - Morschhäuser, Joachim T1 - Multiple phosphorylation sites regulate the activity of the repressor Mig1 in \(Candida\) \(albicans\) JF - mSphere N2 - ABSTRACT The highly conserved heterotrimeric protein kinase SNF1 is important for metabolic adaptations in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. A key function of SNF1 is to inactivate the repressor protein Mig1 and thereby allow the expression of genes that are required for the utilization of alternative carbon sources when the preferred carbon source, glucose, is absent or becomes limiting. However, how SNF1 controls Mig1 activity in C. albicans has remained elusive. Using a phosphoproteomics approach, we found that Mig1 is phosphorylated at multiple serine residues. Replacement of these serine residues by nonphosphorylatable alanine residues strongly increased the repressor activity of Mig1 in cells lacking a functional SNF1 complex, indicating that additional protein kinases are involved in the regulation of Mig1. Unlike wild-type Mig1, whose levels strongly decreased when the cells were grown on sucrose or glycerol instead of glucose, the levels of a mutant Mig1 protein lacking nine phosphorylation sites remained high under these conditions. Despite the increased protein levels and the absence of multiple phosphorylation sites, cells with a functional SNF1 complex could still sufficiently inhibit the hyperactive Mig1 to enable wild-type growth on alternative carbon sources. In line with this, phosphorylated forms of the mutant Mig1 were still detected in the presence and absence of a functional SNF1, demonstrating that Mig1 contains additional, unidentified phosphorylation sites and that downstream protein kinases are involved in the control of Mig1 activity by SNF1. IMPORTANCE The SNF1 protein kinase signaling pathway, which is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells, is important for metabolic adaptations in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. However, so far, it has remained elusive how SNF1 controls the activity of one of its main effectors, the repressor protein Mig1 that inhibits the expression of genes required for the utilization of alternative carbon sources when glucose is available. In this study, we have identified multiple phosphorylation sites in Mig1 that contribute to its inactivation. Mutation of these sites strongly increased Mig1 repressor activity in the absence of SNF1, but SNF1 could still sufficiently inhibit the hyperactive Mig1 to enable growth on alternative carbon sources. These findings reveal features of Mig1 that are important for controlling its repressor activity. Furthermore, they demonstrate that both SNF1 and additional protein kinases regulate Mig1 in this pathogenic yeast. KW - Candida albicans KW - SNF1 KW - Mig1 KW - protein kinase KW - signaling pathway Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350060 VL - 8 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lodha, Manivel A1 - Muchsin, Ihsan A1 - Jürges, Christopher A1 - Juranic Lisnic, Vanda A1 - L’Hernault, Anne A1 - Rutkowski, Andrzej J. A1 - Prusty, Bhupesh K. A1 - Grothey, Arnhild A1 - Milic, Andrea A1 - Hennig, Thomas A1 - Jonjic, Stipan A1 - Friedel, Caroline C. A1 - Erhard, Florian A1 - Dölken, Lars T1 - Decoding murine cytomegalovirus JF - PLOS Pathogens N2 - The genomes of both human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were first sequenced over 20 years ago. Similar to HCMV, the MCMV genome had initially been proposed to harbor ≈170 open reading frames (ORFs). More recently, omics approaches revealed HCMV gene expression to be substantially more complex comprising several hundred viral ORFs. Here, we provide a state-of-the art reannotation of lytic MCMV gene expression based on integrative analysis of a large set of omics data. Our data reveal 365 viral transcription start sites (TiSS) that give rise to 380 and 454 viral transcripts and ORFs, respectively. The latter include 200 small ORFs, some of which represented the most highly expressed viral gene products. By combining TiSS profiling with metabolic RNA labelling and chemical nucleotide conversion sequencing (dSLAM-seq), we provide a detailed picture of the expression kinetics of viral transcription. This not only resulted in the identification of a novel MCMV immediate early transcript encoding the m166.5 ORF, which we termed ie4, but also revealed a group of well-expressed viral transcripts that are induced later than canonical true late genes and contain an initiator element (Inr) but no TATA- or TATT-box in their core promoters. We show that viral upstream ORFs (uORFs) tune gene expression of longer viral ORFs expressed in cis at translational level. Finally, we identify a truncated isoform of the viral NK-cell immune evasin m145 arising from a viral TiSS downstream of the canonical m145 mRNA. Despite being ≈5-fold more abundantly expressed than the canonical m145 protein it was not required for downregulating the NK cell ligand, MULT-I. In summary, our work will pave the way for future mechanistic studies on previously unknown cytomegalovirus gene products in an important virus animal model. KW - virology KW - genetics KW - molecular biology KW - immunology KW - microbiology KW - parasitology KW - murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350480 SN - 1553-7374 VL - 19 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kerwagen, Fabian A1 - Riemer, Uwe A1 - Wachter, Rolf A1 - von Haehling, Stephan A1 - Abdin, Amr A1 - Böhm, Michael A1 - Schulz, Martin A1 - Störk, Stefan T1 - Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on implementation of novel guideline-directed medical therapies for heart failure in Germany: a nationwide retrospective analysis JF - The Lancet Regional Health - Europe N2 - Background Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is the cornerstone in the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and novel substances such as sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated marked clinical benefits. We investigated their implementation into real-world HF care in Germany before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods The IQVIA LRx data set is based on ∼80% of 73 million people covered by the German statutory health insurance. Prescriptions of S/V were used as a proxy for HFrEF. Time trends were analysed between Q1/2016 and Q2/2023 for prescriptions for S/V alone and in combination therapy with SGLT2i. Findings The number of patients treated with S/V increased from 5260 in Q1/2016 to 351,262 in Q2/2023. The share of patients with combination therapy grew from 0.6% (29 of 5260) to 14.2% (31,128 of 219,762) in Q2/2021, and then showed a steep surge up to 54.8% (192,429 of 351,262) in Q2/2023, coinciding with the release of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for HF in Q3/2021. Women and patients aged >80 years were treated less often with combined therapy than men and younger patients. With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients with new S/V prescriptions dropped by 17.5% within one quarter, i.e., from 26,855 in Q1/2020 to 22,145 in Q2/2020, and returned to pre-pandemic levels only in Q1/2021. Interpretation The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 12-month deceleration of S/V uptake in Germany. Following the release of the ESC HF guidelines, the combined prescription of S/V and SGLT2i was readily adopted. Further efforts are needed to fully implement GDMT and strengthen the resilience of healthcare systems during public health crises. KW - health policy KW - oncology KW - internal medicine KW - heart failure KW - COVID-19 KW - sacubitril-valsartan KW - sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors KW - guideline-directed medical therapy KW - evidence-based practice KW - real-world Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350510 SN - 2666-7762 VL - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmer, Philipp A1 - Rodemers, Philipp A1 - Hottenrott, Sebastian A1 - Leppich, Robert A1 - Helwich, Maja A1 - Pryss, Rüdiger A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Winkler, Bernd E. A1 - Sammeth, Michael T1 - Evaluating blood oxygen saturation measurements by popular fitness trackers in postoperative patients: a prospective clinical trial JF - iScience N2 - Summary Blood oxygen saturation is an important clinical parameter, especially in postoperative hospitalized patients, monitored in clinical practice by arterial blood gas (ABG) and/or pulse oximetry that both are not suitable for a long-term continuous monitoring of patients during the entire hospital stay, or beyond. Technological advances developed recently for consumer-grade fitness trackers could—at least in theory—help to fill in this gap, but benchmarks on the applicability and accuracy of these technologies in hospitalized patients are currently lacking. We therefore conducted at the postanaesthesia care unit under controlled settings a prospective clinical trial with 201 patients, comparing in total >1,000 oxygen blood saturation measurements by fitness trackers of three brands with the ABG gold standard and with pulse oximetry. Our results suggest that, despite of an overall still tolerable measuring accuracy, comparatively high dropout rates severely limit the possibilities of employing fitness trackers, particularly during the immediate postoperative period of hospitalized patients. Highlights •The accuracy of O2 measurements by fitness trackers is tolerable (RMSE ≲4%) •Correlation with arterial blood gas measurements is fair to moderate (PCC = [0.46; 0.64]) •Dropout rates of fitness trackers during O2 monitoring are high (∼1/3 values missing) •Fitness trackers cannot be recommended for O2 measuring during critical monitoring KW - multidisciplinary KW - health sciences KW - clinical measurement in health technology KW - bioelectronics KW - fitness trackers Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349913 SN - 2589-0042 VL - 26 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Andreas A1 - Nagler, Simon A1 - Hörner, Marius A1 - Hartmann, Stefan A1 - Brands, Roman C. A1 - Breitenbücher, Niko A1 - Straub, Anton A1 - Kübler, Alexander A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Gubik, Sebastian A1 - Lang, Gernot A1 - Wollborn, Jakob A1 - Saravi, Babak T1 - Performance of artificial intelligence-based algorithms to predict prolonged length of stay after head and neck cancer surgery JF - Heliyon N2 - Background Medical resource management can be improved by assessing the likelihood of prolonged length of stay (LOS) for head and neck cancer surgery patients. The objective of this study was to develop predictive models that could be used to determine whether a patient's LOS after cancer surgery falls within the normal range of the cohort. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a dataset consisting of 300 consecutive patients who underwent head and neck cancer surgery between 2017 and 2022 at a single university medical center. Prolonged LOS was defined as LOS exceeding the 75th percentile of the cohort. Feature importance analysis was performed to evaluate the most important predictors for prolonged LOS. We then constructed 7 machine learning and deep learning algorithms for the prediction modeling of prolonged LOS. Results The algorithms reached accuracy values of 75.40 (radial basis function neural network) to 97.92 (Random Trees) for the training set and 64.90 (multilayer perceptron neural network) to 84.14 (Random Trees) for the testing set. The leading parameters predicting prolonged LOS were operation time, ischemia time, the graft used, the ASA score, the intensive care stay, and the pathological stages. The results revealed that patients who had a higher number of harvested lymph nodes (LN) had a lower probability of recurrence but also a greater LOS. However, patients with prolonged LOS were also at greater risk of recurrence, particularly when fewer (LN) were extracted. Further, LOS was more strongly correlated with the overall number of extracted lymph nodes than with the number of positive lymph nodes or the ratio of positive to overall extracted lymph nodes, indicating that particularly unnecessary lymph node extraction might be associated with prolonged LOS. Conclusions The results emphasize the need for a closer follow-up of patients who experience prolonged LOS. Prospective trials are warranted to validate the present results. KW - prediction KW - head and neck cancer KW - machine learning KW - deep learning KW - artificial intelligence KW - length of stay KW - cancer Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350416 SN - 2405-8440 VL - 9 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drehmann, Paul A1 - Milanos, Sinem A1 - Schaefer, Natascha A1 - Kasaragod, Vikram Babu A1 - Herterich, Sarah A1 - Holzbach-Eberle, Ulrike A1 - Harvey, Robert J. A1 - Villmann, Carmen T1 - Dual role of dysfunctional Asc-1 transporter in distinct human pathologies, human startle disease, and developmental delay JF - eNeuro N2 - Human startle disease is associated with mutations in distinct genes encoding glycine receptors, transporters or interacting proteins at glycinergic synapses in spinal cord and brainstem. However, a significant number of diagnosed patients does not carry a mutation in the common genes GLRA1, GLRB, and SLC6A5. Recently, studies on solute carrier 7 subfamily 10 (SLC7A10; Asc-1, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter) knock-out (KO) mice displaying a startle disease-like phenotype hypothesized that this transporter might represent a novel candidate for human startle disease. Here, we screened 51 patients from our patient cohort negative for the common genes and found three exonic (one missense, two synonymous), seven intronic, and single nucleotide changes in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) in Asc-1. The identified missense mutation Asc-1\(^{G307R}\) from a patient with startle disease and developmental delay was investigated in functional studies. At the molecular level, the mutation Asc-1\(^{G307R}\) did not interfere with cell-surface expression, but disrupted glycine uptake. Substitution of glycine at position 307 to other amino acids, e.g., to alanine or tryptophan did not affect trafficking or glycine transport. By contrast, G307K disrupted glycine transport similar to the G307R mutation found in the patient. Structurally, the disrupted function in variants carrying positively charged residues can be explained by local structural rearrangements because of the large positively charged side chain. Thus, our data suggest that SLC7A10 may represent a rare but novel gene associated with human startle disease and developmental delay. KW - Asc-1 transporter KW - candidate gene KW - glycine receptor KW - glycine uptake KW - human startle disease KW - NMDAR Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349947 VL - 10 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Binder, Tobias A1 - Lange, Florian A1 - Pozzi, Nicolò A1 - Musacchio, Thomas A1 - Daniels, Christine A1 - Odorfer, Thorsten A1 - Fricke, Patrick A1 - Matthies, Cordula A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Capetian, Philipp T1 - Feasibility of local field potential-guided programming for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: a comparison with clinical and neuro-imaging guided approaches in a randomized, controlled pilot trial JF - Brain Stimulation N2 - Highlights • Beta-Guided programming is an innovative approach that may streamline the programming process for PD patients with STN DBS. • While preliminary findings from our study suggest that Beta Titration may potentially mitigate STN overstimulation and enhance symptom control, • Our results demonstrate that beta-guided programming significantly reduces programming time, suggesting it could be efficiently integrated into routine clinical practice using a commercially available patient programmer. Background Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical outcomes after DBS can be limited by poor programming, which remains a clinically driven, lengthy and iterative process. Electrophysiological recordings in PD patients undergoing STN-DBS have shown an association between STN spectral power in the beta frequency band (beta power) and the severity of clinical symptoms. New commercially-available DBS devices now enable the recording of STN beta oscillations in chronically-implanted PD patients, thereby allowing investigation into the use of beta power as a biomarker for DBS programming. Objective To determine the potential advantages of beta-guided DBS programming over clinically and image-guided programming in terms of clinical efficacy and programming time. Methods We conducted a randomized, blinded, three-arm, crossover clinical trial in eight Parkinson's patients with STN-DBS who were evaluated three months after DBS surgery. We compared clinical efficacy and time required for each DBS programming paradigm, as well as DBS parameters and total energy delivered between the three strategies (beta-, clinically- and image-guided). Results All three programming methods showed similar clinical efficacy, but the time needed for programming was significantly shorter for beta- and image-guided programming compared to clinically-guided programming (p < 0.001). Conclusion Beta-guided programming may be a useful and more efficient approach to DBS programming in Parkinson's patients with STN-DBS. It takes significantly less time to program than traditional clinically-based programming, while providing similar symptom control. In addition, it is readily available within the clinical DBS programmer, making it a valuable tool for improving current clinical practice. KW - beta power KW - deep brain stimulation KW - local field potentials KW - Parkinson's disease KW - DBS programming KW - DBS biomarkers Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350280 VL - 16 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmiemann, Guido A1 - Greser, Alexandra A1 - Maun, Andy A1 - Bleidorn, Jutta A1 - Schuster, Angela A1 - Miljukov, Olga A1 - Rücker, Viktoria A1 - Klingeberg, Anja A1 - Mentzel, Anja A1 - Minin, Vitalii A1 - Eckmanns, Tim A1 - Heintze, Christoph A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - Gágyor, Ildikó T1 - Effects of a multimodal intervention in primary care to reduce second line antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections in women: parallel, cluster randomised, controlled trial JF - BMJ N2 - Objectives To evaluate whether a multimodal intervention in general practice reduces the proportion of second line antibiotic prescriptions and the overall proportion of antibiotic prescriptions for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Design Parallel, cluster randomised, controlled trial. Setting General practices in five regions in Germany. Data were collected between 1 April 2021 and 31 March 2022. Participants General practitioners from 128 randomly assigned practices. Interventions Multimodal intervention consisting of guideline recommendations for general practitioners and patients, provision of regional data for antibiotic resistance, and quarterly feedback, which included individual first line and second line proportions of antibiotic prescribing, benchmarking with regional or supra-regional practices, and telephone counselling. Participants in the control group received no information on the intervention. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was the proportion of second line antibiotics prescribed by general practices, in relation to all antibiotics prescribed, for uncomplicated urinary tract infections after one year between the intervention and control group. General practices were randomly assigned in blocks (1:1), with a block size of four, into the intervention or control group using SAS version 9.4; randomisation was stratified by region. The secondary outcome was the prescription proportion of all antibiotics, relative within all cases (instances of UTI diagnosis), for the treatment of urinary tract infections after one year between the groups. Adverse events were assessed as exploratory outcomes. Results 110 practices with full datasets identified 10 323 cases during five quarters (ie, 15 months). The mean proportion of second line antibiotics prescribed was 0.19 (standard deviation 0.20) in the intervention group and 0.35 (0.25) in the control group after 12 months. After adjustment for preintervention proportions, the mean difference was −0.13 (95% confidence interval −0.21 to −0.06, P<0.001). The overall proportion of all antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections over 12 months was 0.74 (standard deviation 0.22) in the intervention and 0.80 (0.15) in the control group with a mean difference of −0.08 (95% confidence interval −0.15 to −0.02, P<0.029). No differences were noted in the number of complications (ie, pyelonephritis, admission to hospital, or fever) between the groups. Conclusions The multimodal intervention in general practice significantly reduced the proportion of second line antibiotics and all antibiotic prescriptions for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00020389 KW - urinary tract infections KW - women KW - multimodal intervention KW - second line antibiotics Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349395 SN - 1756-1833 VL - 383 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siverino, Claudia A1 - Fahmy-Garcia, Shorouk A1 - Niklaus, Viktoria A1 - Kops, Nicole A1 - Dolcini, Laura A1 - Misciagna, Massimiliano Maraglino A1 - Ridwan, Yanto A1 - Farrell, Eric A1 - van Osch, Gerjo J. V. M. A1 - Nickel, Joachim T1 - Addition of heparin binding sites strongly increases the bone forming capabilities of BMP9 in vivo JF - Bioactive Materials N2 - Highlights • Despite not being crucial for bone development BMP9 can induce bone growth in vivo. • BMP9 induced bone formation is strongly enhanced by introduced heparin binding sites. • BMP9s bone forming capabilities are triggered by extracellular matrix binding. • Heparin binding BMP9 (BMP9 HB) can improve the current therapies in treating bone fractures. Abstract Bone Morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) like BMP2 and BMP7 have shown great potential in the treatment of severe bone defects. In recent in vitro studies, BMP9 revealed the highest osteogenic potential compared to other BMPs, possibly due to its unique signaling pathways that differs from other osteogenic BMPs. However, in vivo the bone forming capacity of BMP9-adsorbed scaffolds is not superior to BMP2 or BMP7. In silico analysis of the BMP9 protein sequence revealed that BMP9, in contrast to other osteogenic BMPs such as BMP2, completely lacks so-called heparin binding motifs that enable extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions which in general might be essential for the BMPs' osteogenic function. Therefore, we genetically engineered a new BMP9 variant by adding BMP2-derived heparin binding motifs to the N-terminal segment of BMP9′s mature part. The resulting protein (BMP9 HB) showed higher heparin binding affinity than BMP2, similar osteogenic activity in vitro and comparable binding affinities to BMPR-II and ALK1 compared to BMP9. However, remarkable differences were observed when BMP9 HB was adsorbed to collagen scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of rats, showing a consistent and significant increase in bone volume and density compared to BMP2 and BMP9. Even at 10-fold lower BMP9 HB doses bone tissue formation was observed. This innovative approach of significantly enhancing the osteogenic properties of BMP9 simply by addition of ECM binding motifs, could constitute a valuable replacement to the commonly used BMPs. The possibility to use lower protein doses demonstrates BMP9 HB's high translational potential. KW - bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) KW - heparin binding sites KW - bone regeneration KW - subcutaneous animal model Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350470 VL - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giansanti, Manuela A1 - Theinert, Tobias A1 - Boeing, Sarah Katharina A1 - Haas, Dorothee A1 - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt A1 - Vacca, Paola A1 - Nazio, Francesca A1 - Caruana, Ignazio T1 - Exploiting autophagy balance in T and NK cells as a new strategy to implement adoptive cell therapies JF - Molecular Cancer N2 - Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis pathway initiated by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient deprivation to viral infection, playing a key role in human health and disease. At present, a growing number of evidence suggests a role of autophagy as a primitive innate immune form of defense for eukaryotic cells, interacting with components of innate immune signaling pathways and regulating thymic selection, antigen presentation, cytokine production and T/NK cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of tumor progression and response to therapy. However, very little is known about the role and impact of autophagy in T and NK cells, the main players in the active fight against infections and tumors. Important questions are emerging: what role does autophagy play on T/NK cells? Could its modulation lead to any advantages? Could specific targeting of autophagy on tumor cells (blocking) and T/NK cells (activation) be a new intervention strategy? In this review, we debate preclinical studies that have identified autophagy as a key regulator of immune responses by modulating the functions of different immune cells and discuss the redundancy or diversity among the subpopulations of both T and NK cells in physiologic context and in cancer. KW - autophagy KW - effector cells KW - mitophagy KW - metabolism KW - T and NK development Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357515 VL - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aue, Annemarie A1 - Englert, Nils A1 - Harrer, Leon A1 - Schwiering, Fabian A1 - Gaab, Annika A1 - König, Peter A1 - Adams, Ralf A1 - Schmidtko, Achim A1 - Friebe, Andreas A1 - Groneberg, Dieter T1 - NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase discriminates pericyte-derived interstitial from intra-alveolar myofibroblasts in murine pulmonary fibrosis JF - Respiratory Research N2 - Background The origin of αSMA-positive myofibroblasts, key players within organ fibrosis, is still not fully elucidated. Pericytes have been discussed as myofibroblast progenitors in several organs including the lung. Methods Using tamoxifen-inducible PDGFRβ-tdTomato mice (PDGFRβ-CreERT2; R26tdTomato) lineage of lung pericytes was traced. To induce lung fibrosis, a single orotracheal dose of bleomycin was given. Lung tissue was investigated by immunofluorescence analyses, hydroxyproline collagen assay and RT-qPCR. Results Lineage tracing combined with immunofluorescence for nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) as marker for PDGFRβ-positive pericytes allows differentiating two types of αSMA-expressing myofibroblasts in murine pulmonary fibrosis: (1) interstitial myofibroblasts that localize in the alveolar wall, derive from PDGFRβ+ pericytes, express NO-GC and produce collagen 1. (2) intra-alveolar myofibroblasts which do not derive from pericytes (but express PDGFRβ de novo after injury), are negative for NO-GC, have a large multipolar shape and appear to spread over several alveoli within the injured areas. Moreover, NO-GC expression is reduced during fibrosis, i.e., after pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition. Conclusion In summary, αSMA/PDGFRβ-positive myofibroblasts should not be addressed as a homogeneous target cell type within pulmonary fibrosis. KW - guanylyl cyclase KW - myofibroblasts KW - pericytes KW - transgenic mouse KW - fibrosis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357805 VL - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoppe, K. A1 - Khan, E. A1 - Meybohm, P. A1 - Riese, T. T1 - Mechanical power of ventilation and driving pressure: two undervalued parameters for pre extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ventilation and during daily management? JF - Critical Care N2 - The current ARDS guidelines highly recommend lung protective ventilation which include plateau pressure (Pplat < 30 cm H\(_2\)O), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP > 5 cm H2O) and tidal volume (Vt of 6 ml/kg) of predicted body weight. In contrast, the ELSO guidelines suggest the evaluation of an indication of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to hypoxemic or hypercapnic respiratory failure or as bridge to lung transplantation. Finally, these recommendations remain a wide range of scope of interpretation. However, particularly patients with moderate-severe to severe ARDS might benefit from strict adherence to lung protective ventilation strategies. Subsequently, we discuss whether extended physiological ventilation parameter analysis might be relevant for indication of ECMO support and can be implemented during the daily routine evaluation of ARDS patients. Particularly, this viewpoint focus on driving pressure and mechanical power. KW - ARDS KW - ventilation KW - ECMO indication KW - mechanical power KW - driving pressure Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357181 VL - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosales-Alvarez, Reyna Edith A1 - Rettkowski, Jasmin A1 - Herman, Josip Stefan A1 - Dumbović, Gabrijela A1 - Cabezas-Wallscheid, Nina A1 - Grün, Dominic T1 - VarID2 quantifies gene expression noise dynamics and unveils functional heterogeneity of ageing hematopoietic stem cells JF - Genome Biology N2 - Variability of gene expression due to stochasticity of transcription or variation of extrinsic signals, termed biological noise, is a potential driving force of cellular differentiation. Utilizing single-cell RNA-sequencing, we develop VarID2 for the quantification of biological noise at single-cell resolution. VarID2 reveals enhanced nuclear versus cytoplasmic noise, and distinct regulatory modes stratified by correlation between noise, expression, and chromatin accessibility. Noise levels are minimal in murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and increase during differentiation and ageing. Differential noise identifies myeloid-biased Dlk1+ long-term HSCs in aged mice with enhanced quiescence and self-renewal capacity. VarID2 reveals noise dynamics invisible to conventional single-cell transcriptome analysis. KW - gene expression noise KW - single-cell RNA sequencing KW - stem cell differentiation KW - cell sate variability KW - ageing KW - hematopoietic stem cells KW - machine learning KW - mathematical modeling Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358042 VL - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ascheid, David A1 - Baumann, Magdalena A1 - Funke, Caroline A1 - Volz, Julia A1 - Pinnecker, Jürgen A1 - Friedrich, Mike A1 - Höhn, Marie A1 - Nandigama, Rajender A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Nieswandt, Bernhard A1 - Heinze, Katrin G. A1 - Henke, Erik T1 - Image-based modeling of vascular organization to evaluate anti-angiogenic therapy JF - Biology Direct N2 - In tumor therapy anti-angiogenic approaches have the potential to increase the efficacy of a wide variety of subsequently or co-administered agents, possibly by improving or normalizing the defective tumor vasculature. Successful implementation of the concept of vascular normalization under anti-angiogenic therapy, however, mandates a detailed understanding of key characteristics and a respective scoring metric that defines an improved vasculature and thus a successful attempt. Here, we show that beyond commonly used parameters such as vessel patency and maturation, anti-angiogenic approaches largely benefit if the complex vascular network with its vessel interconnections is both qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. To gain such deeper insight the organization of vascular networks, we introduce a multi-parametric evaluation of high-resolution angiographic images based on light-sheet fluorescence microscopy images of tumors. We first could pinpoint key correlations between vessel length, straightness and diameter to describe the regular, functional and organized structure observed under physiological conditions. We found that vascular networks from experimental tumors diverted from those in healthy organs, demonstrating the dysfunctionality of the tumor vasculature not only on the level of the individual vessel but also in terms of inadequate organization into larger structures. These parameters proofed effective in scoring the degree of disorganization in different tumor entities, and more importantly in grading a potential reversal under treatment with therapeutic agents. The presented vascular network analysis will support vascular normalization assessment and future optimization of anti-angiogenic therapy. KW - vascular structure KW - cancer KW - tumor microenvironment KW - optical clearing KW - light sheet fluorescence microscopy KW - 3D image analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357242 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woznicki, Piotr A1 - Laqua, Fabian Christopher A1 - Al-Haj, Adam A1 - Bley, Thorsten A1 - Baeßler, Bettina T1 - Addressing challenges in radiomics research: systematic review and repository of open-access cancer imaging datasets JF - Insights into Imaging N2 - Objectives Open-access cancer imaging datasets have become integral for evaluating novel AI approaches in radiology. However, their use in quantitative analysis with radiomics features presents unique challenges, such as incomplete documentation, low visibility, non-uniform data formats, data inhomogeneity, and complex preprocessing. These issues may cause problems with reproducibility and standardization in radiomics studies. Methods We systematically reviewed imaging datasets with public copyright licenses, published up to March 2023 across four large online cancer imaging archives. We included only datasets with tomographic images (CT, MRI, or PET), segmentations, and clinical annotations, specifically identifying those suitable for radiomics research. Reproducible preprocessing and feature extraction were performed for each dataset to enable their easy reuse. Results We discovered 29 datasets with corresponding segmentations and labels in the form of health outcomes, tumor pathology, staging, imaging-based scores, genetic markers, or repeated imaging. We compiled a repository encompassing 10,354 patients and 49,515 scans. Of the 29 datasets, 15 were licensed under Creative Commons licenses, allowing both non-commercial and commercial usage and redistribution, while others featured custom or restricted licenses. Studies spanned from the early 1990s to 2021, with the majority concluding after 2013. Seven different formats were used for the imaging data. Preprocessing and feature extraction were successfully performed for each dataset. Conclusion RadiomicsHub is a comprehensive public repository with radiomics features derived from a systematic review of public cancer imaging datasets. By converting all datasets to a standardized format and ensuring reproducible and traceable processing, RadiomicsHub addresses key reproducibility and standardization challenges in radiomics. Critical relevance statement This study critically addresses the challenges associated with locating, preprocessing, and extracting quantitative features from open-access datasets, to facilitate more robust and reliable evaluations of radiomics models. Key points - Through a systematic review, we identified 29 cancer imaging datasets suitable for radiomics research. - A public repository with collection overview and radiomics features, encompassing 10,354 patients and 49,515 scans, was compiled. - Most datasets can be shared, used, and built upon freely under a Creative Commons license. - All 29 identified datasets have been converted into a common format to enable reproducible radiomics feature extraction. KW - radiomics KW - radiology KW - cancer imaging KW - machine learning KW - reproducibility of results Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357936 SN - 1869-4101 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoppe, Christian A1 - Patel, Jayshil J. A1 - Zarbock, Alex A1 - Lee, Zheng-Yii A1 - Rice, Todd W. A1 - Mafrici, Bruno A1 - Wehner, Rebecca A1 - Chan, Man Hung Manuel A1 - Lai, Peter Chi Keung A1 - MacEachern, Kristen A1 - Myrianthefs, Pavlos A1 - Tsigou, Evdoxia A1 - Ortiz-Reyes, Luis A1 - Jiang, Xuran A1 - Day, Andrew G. A1 - Hasan, M. Shahnaz A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Ke, Lu A1 - Heyland, Daren K. T1 - The impact of higher protein dosing on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a post hoc analysis of the EFFORT protein trial JF - Critical Care N2 - Background Based on low-quality evidence, current nutrition guidelines recommend the delivery of high-dose protein in critically ill patients. The EFFORT Protein trial showed that higher protein dose is not associated with improved outcomes, whereas the effects in critically ill patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) need further evaluation. The overall aim is to evaluate the effects of high-dose protein in critically ill patients who developed different stages of AKI. Methods In this post hoc analysis of the EFFORT Protein trial, we investigated the effect of high versus usual protein dose (≥ 2.2 vs. ≤ 1.2 g/kg body weight/day) on time-to-discharge alive from the hospital (TTDA) and 60-day mortality and in different subgroups in critically ill patients with AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria within 7 days of ICU admission. The associations of protein dose with incidence and duration of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were also investigated. Results Of the 1329 randomized patients, 312 developed AKI and were included in this analysis (163 in the high and 149 in the usual protein dose group). High protein was associated with a slower time-to-discharge alive from the hospital (TTDA) (hazard ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.8) and higher 60-day mortality (relative risk 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8). Effect modification was not statistically significant for any subgroup, and no subgroups suggested a beneficial effect of higher protein, although the harmful effect of higher protein target appeared to disappear in patients who received kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Protein dose was not significantly associated with the incidence of AKI and KRT or duration of KRT. Conclusions In critically ill patients with AKI, high protein may be associated with worse outcomes in all AKI stages. Recommendation of higher protein dosing in AKI patients should be carefully re-evaluated to avoid potential harmful effects especially in patients who were not treated with KRT. Trial registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03160547) on May 17th 2017. KW - acute kidney injury KW - critical illness KW - nutrition support KW - protein KW - randomized trial KW - registry trial Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357221 VL - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinz, Tizian A1 - Meller, Felix A1 - Luetkens, Karsten Sebastian A1 - Anderson, Philip Mark A1 - Stratos, Ioannis A1 - Horas, Konstantin A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Reppenhagen, Stephan A1 - Weißenberger, Manuel T1 - The AMADEUS score is not a sufficient predictor for functional outcome after high tibial osteotomy JF - Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics N2 - Purpose The Area Measurement And Depth Underlying Structures (AMADEUS) classification system has been proposed as a valuable tool for magnetic resonance (MR)-based grading of preoperatively encountered chondral defects of the knee joint. However, the potential relationship of this novel score with clinical data was yet to determine. It was the primary intention of this study to assess the correlative relationship of the AMADEUS with patient reported outcome scores in patients undergoing medial open-wedge high tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO). Furthermore, the arthroscopic ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) grade evaluation was tested for correlation with the AMADEUS classification system. Methods This retrospective, monocentric study found a total of 70 individuals that were indicated for HTO due to degenerative chondral defects of the medial compartment between 2008 and 2019. A preoperative MR image as well as a pre-osteotomy diagnostic arthroscopy for ICRS grade evaluation was mandatory for all patients. The Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) including its five subscale scores (KOOS-ADL, KOOS-QOL, KOOS-Sports, KOOS-Pain, KOOS-Symptoms) was obtained preoperatively and at a mean follow-up of 41.2 ± 26.3 months. Preoperative chondral defects were evaluated using the AMADEUS classification system and the final AMADEUS scores were correlated with the pre- and postoperative KOOS subscale sores. Furthermore, arthroscopic ICRS defect severity was correlated with the AMADEUS classification system. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between the AMADEUS BME (bone marrow edema) subscore and the KOOS Symptoms subscore at the preoperative visit (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). No statistically significant monotonic association between the AMADEUS total score and the AMADEUS grade with pre- and postoperative KOOS subscale scores were found. Intraoperatively obtained ICRS grade did reveal a moderate correlative relation with the AMADEUS total score and the AMADEUS grade (r = 0.28, p = 0.02). Conclusions The novel AMADEUS classification system largely lacks correlative capacity with patient reported outcome measures in patients undergoing HTO. The MR tomographic appearance of bone marrow edema is the only parameter predictive of the clinical outcome at the preoperative visit. KW - cartilage KW - AMADEUS KW - KOOS KW - knee KW - high tibial osteotomy KW - chondral defect KW - osteoarthritis KW - PROM KW - correlation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357765 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Houben, Roland T1 - Reduced frequency of migraine attacks following coronavirus disease 2019: a case report JF - Journal of Medical Case Reports N2 - Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a virus affecting different organs and causing a wide variety and severity of symptoms. Headache as well as loss of smell and taste are the most frequently reported neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Here we report on a patient with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache, who experienced remarkable mitigation of migraine following coronavirus disease 2019. Case presentation For many years prior to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, a 57-year-old Caucasian male suffered from very frequent migraine attacks and for control of headaches he had been taking triptans almost daily. In the 16-month period before the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, triptan was taken 98% of the days with only a 21-day prednisolone-supported triptan holiday, which, however, had no longer-lasting consequences on migraine frequency. Upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, the patient developed only mild symptoms including fever, fatigue, and headache. Directly following recovery from coronavirus disease 2019, the patient surprisingly experienced a period with largely reduced frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Indeed, during 80 days following coronavirus disease 2019, migraine as well as triptan usage were restricted to only 25% of the days, no longer fulfilling criteria of a chronic migraine and medication overuse headache. Conclusion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection might be capable of triggering mitigation of migraine. KW - migraine KW - triptan KW - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 KW - coronavirus disease 2019 KW - case report Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357327 VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madrahimov, Nodir A1 - Mutsenko, Vitalii A1 - Natanov, Ruslan A1 - Radaković, Dejan A1 - Klapproth, André A1 - Hassan, Mohamed A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias A1 - Kleefeldt, Florian A1 - Aleksic, Ivan A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Leyh, Rainer G. A1 - Bening, Constanze T1 - Multiorgan recovery in a cadaver body using mild hypothermic ECMO treatment in a murine model JF - Intensive Care Medicine Experimental N2 - Background Transplant candidates on the waiting list are increasingly challenged by the lack of organs. Most of the organs can only be kept viable within very limited timeframes (e.g., mere 4–6 h for heart and lungs exposed to refrigeration temperatures ex vivo). Donation after circulatory death (DCD) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can significantly enlarge the donor pool, organ yield per donor, and shelf life. Nevertheless, clinical attempts to recover organs for transplantation after uncontrolled DCD are extremely complex and hardly reproducible. Therefore, as a preliminary strategy to fulfill this task, experimental protocols using feasible animal models are highly warranted. The primary aim of the study was to develop a model of ECMO-based cadaver organ recovery in mice. Our model mimics uncontrolled organ donation after an “out-of-hospital” sudden unexpected death with subsequent “in-hospital” cadaver management post-mortem. The secondary aim was to assess blood gas parameters, cardiac activity as well as overall organ state. The study protocol included post-mortem heparin–streptokinase administration 10 min after confirmed death induced by cervical dislocation under full anesthesia. After cannulation, veno-arterial ECMO (V–A ECMO) was started 1 h after death and continued for 2 h under mild hypothermic conditions followed by organ harvest. Pressure- and flow-controlled oxygenated blood-based reperfusion of a cadaver body was accompanied by blood gas analysis (BGA), electrocardiography, and histological evaluation of ischemia–reperfusion injury. For the first time, we designed and implemented, a not yet reported, miniaturized murine hemodialysis circuit for the treatment of severe hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis post-mortem. Results BGA parameters confirmed profound ischemia typical for cadavers and incompatible with normal physiology, including extremely low blood pH, profound negative base excess, and enormously high levels of lactate. Two hours after ECMO implantation, blood pH values of a cadaver body restored from < 6.5 to 7.3 ± 0.05, pCO2 was lowered from > 130 to 41.7 ± 10.5 mmHg, sO2, base excess, and HCO3 were all elevated from below detection thresholds to 99.5 ± 0.6%, − 4 ± 6.2 and 22.0 ± 6.0 mmol/L, respectively (Student T test, p < 0.05). A substantial decrease in hyperlactatemia (from > 20 to 10.5 ± 1.7 mmol/L) and hyperkalemia (from > 9 to 6.9 ± 1.0 mmol/L) was observed when hemodialysis was implemented. On balance, the first signs of regained heart activity appeared on average 10 min after ECMO initiation without cardioplegia or any inotropic and vasopressor support. This was followed by restoration of myocardial contractility with a heart rate of up to 200 beats per minute (bpm) as detected by an electrocardiogram (ECG). Histological examinations revealed no evidence of heart injury 3 h post-mortem, whereas shock-specific morphological changes relevant to acute death and consequent cardiac/circulatory arrest were observed in the lungs, liver, and kidney of both control and ECMO-treated cadaver mice. Conclusions Thus, our model represents a promising approach to facilitate studying perspectives of cadaveric multiorgan recovery for transplantation. Moreover, it opens new possibilities for cadaver organ treatment to extend and potentiate donation and, hence, contribute to solving the organ shortage dilemma. KW - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation KW - cadaver multiorgan preservation KW - mild hypothermia KW - post-mortem heart recovery Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357381 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gruschwitz, Philipp A1 - Hartung, Viktor A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Peter, Dominik A1 - Lichthardt, Sven A1 - Huflage, Henner A1 - Hendel, Robin A1 - Pannenbecker, Pauline A1 - Augustin, Anne Marie A1 - Kunz, Andreas Steven A1 - Feldle, Philipp A1 - Bley, Thorsten Alexander A1 - Grunz, Jan-Peter T1 - Comparison of ultrahigh and standard resolution photon-counting CT angiography of the femoral arteries in a continuously perfused in vitro model JF - European Radiology Experimental N2 - Background With the emergence of photon-counting CT, ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) imaging can be performed without dose penalty. This study aims to directly compare the image quality of UHR and standard resolution (SR) scan mode in femoral artery angiographies. Methods After establishing continuous extracorporeal perfusion in four fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens, photon-counting CT angiographies were performed with a radiation dose of 5 mGy and tube voltage of 120 kV in both SR and UHR mode. Images were reconstructed with dedicated convolution kernels (soft: Body-vascular (Bv)48; sharp: Bv60; ultrasharp: Bv76). Six radiologists evaluated the image quality by means of a pairwise forced-choice comparison tool. Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W) was calculated to quantify interrater agreement. Image quality was further assessed by measuring intraluminal attenuation and image noise as well as by calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR). Results UHR yielded lower noise than SR for identical reconstructions with kernels ≥ Bv60 (p < 0.001). UHR scans exhibited lower intraluminal attenuation compared to SR (Bv60: 406.4 ± 25.1 versus 418.1 ± 30.1 HU; p < 0.001). Irrespective of scan mode, SNR and CNR decreased while noise increased with sharper kernels but UHR scans were objectively superior to SR nonetheless (Bv60: SNR 25.9 ± 6.4 versus 20.9 ± 5.3; CNR 22.7 ± 5.8 versus 18.4 ± 4.8; p < 0.001). Notably, UHR scans were preferred in subjective assessment when images were reconstructed with the ultrasharp Bv76 kernel, whereas SR was rated superior for Bv60. Interrater agreement was high (W = 0.935). Conclusions Combinations of UHR scan mode and ultrasharp convolution kernel are able to exploit the full image quality potential in photon-counting CT angiography of the femoral arteries. Relevance statement The UHR scan mode offers improved image quality and may increase diagnostic accuracy in CT angiography of the peripheral arterial runoff when optimized reconstruction parameters are chosen. Key points • UHR photon-counting CT improves image quality in combination with ultrasharp convolution kernels. • UHR datasets display lower image noise compared with identically reconstructed standard resolution scans. • Scans in UHR mode show decreased intraluminal attenuation compared with standard resolution imaging. KW - CT angiography KW - femoral arteries KW - photon-counting computed tomography (CT) KW - small pixel effect KW - ultrahigh resolution Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357905 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osmanoglu, Özge A1 - Gupta, Shishir K. A1 - Almasi, Anna A1 - Yagci, Seray A1 - Srivastava, Mugdha A1 - Araujo, Gabriel H. M. A1 - Nagy, Zoltan A1 - Balkenhol, Johannes A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Signaling network analysis reveals fostamatinib as a potential drug to control platelet hyperactivation during SARS-CoV-2 infection JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Introduction Pro-thrombotic events are one of the prevalent causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions among COVID-19 patients, although the signaling events in the stimulated platelets are still unclear. Methods We conducted a comparative analysis of platelet transcriptome data from healthy donors, ICU, and non-ICU COVID-19 patients to elucidate these mechanisms. To surpass previous analyses, we constructed models of involved networks and control cascades by integrating a global human signaling network with transcriptome data. We investigated the control of platelet hyperactivation and the specific proteins involved. Results Our study revealed that control of the platelet network in ICU patients is significantly higher than in non-ICU patients. Non-ICU patients require control over fewer proteins for managing platelet hyperactivity compared to ICU patients. Identification of indispensable proteins highlighted key subnetworks, that are targetable for system control in COVID-19-related platelet hyperactivity. We scrutinized FDA-approved drugs targeting indispensable proteins and identified fostamatinib as a potent candidate for preventing thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Discussion Our findings shed light on how SARS-CoV-2 efficiently affects host platelets by targeting indispensable and critical proteins involved in the control of platelet activity. We evaluated several drugs for specific control of platelet hyperactivity in ICU patients suffering from platelet hyperactivation. The focus of our approach is repurposing existing drugs for optimal control over the signaling network responsible for platelet hyperactivity in COVID-19 patients. Our study offers specific pharmacological recommendations, with drug prioritization tailored to the distinct network states observed in each patient condition. Interactive networks and detailed results can be accessed at https://fostamatinib.bioinfo-wuerz.eu/. KW - signaling network KW - controllability KW - platelet KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - fostamatinib KW - drug repurposing KW - COVID-19 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-354158 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hung, Sophia A1 - Kasperkowitz, Amelie A1 - Kurz, Florian A1 - Dreher, Liane A1 - Diessner, Joachim A1 - Ibrahim, Eslam S. A1 - Schwarz, Stefan A1 - Ohlsen, Knut A1 - Hertlein, Tobias T1 - Next-generation humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Humanized hemato-lymphoid system mice, or humanized mice, emerged in recent years as a promising model to study the course of infection of human-adapted or human-specific pathogens. Though Staphylococcus aureus infects and colonizes a variety of species, it has nonetheless become one of the most successful human pathogens of our time with a wide armory of human-adapted virulence factors. Humanized mice showed increased vulnerability to S. aureus compared to wild type mice in a variety of clinically relevant disease models. Most of these studies employed humanized NSG (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull) mice which are widely used in the scientific community, but show poor human myeloid cell reconstitution. Since this immune cell compartment plays a decisive role in the defense of the human immune system against S. aureus, we asked whether next-generation humanized mice, like NSG-SGM3 (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull-3/GM/SF) with improved myeloid reconstitution, would prove to be more resistant to infection. To our surprise, we found the contrary when we infected humanized NSG-SGM3 (huSGM3) mice with S. aureus: although they had stronger human immune cell engraftment than humanized NSG mice, particularly in the myeloid compartment, they displayed even more pronounced vulnerability to S. aureus infection. HuSGM3 mice had overall higher numbers of human T cells, B cells, neutrophils and monocytes in the blood and the spleen. This was accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory human cytokines in the blood of huSGM3 mice. We further identified that the impaired survival of huSGM3 mice was not linked to higher bacterial burden nor to differences in the murine immune cell repertoire. Conversely, we could demonstrate a correlation of the rate of humanization and the severity of infection. Collectively, this study suggests a detrimental effect of the human immune system in humanized mice upon encounter with S. aureus which might help to guide future therapy approaches and analysis of virulence mechanisms. KW - humanized mice KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - MRSA KW - NSG KW - NSG-SGM3 KW - staphylococcal abscess KW - Staphylococcus aureus immune response KW - humanized hemato-lymphoid mice Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-306966 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rebs, Sabine A1 - Streckfuss-Bömeke, Katrin T1 - How can we use stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to understand the involvement of energetic metabolism in alterations of cardiac function? JF - Frontiers in Molecular Medicine N2 - Mutations in the mitochondrial-DNA or mitochondria related nuclear-encoded-DNA lead to various multisystemic disorders collectively termed mitochondrial diseases. One in three cases of mitochondrial disease affects the heart muscle, which is called mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (MCM) and is associated with hypertrophic, dilated, and noncompact cardiomyopathy. The heart is an organ with high energy demand, and mitochondria occupy 30%–40% of its cardiomyocyte-cell volume. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to energy depletion and has detrimental effects on cardiac performance. However, disease development and progression in the context of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations, remains incompletely understood. The system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) is an excellent platform to study MCM since the unique genetic identity to their donors enables a robust recapitulation of the predicted phenotypes in a dish on a patient-specific level. Here, we focus on recent insights into MCM studied by patient-specific iPSC-CM and further discuss research gaps and advances in metabolic maturation of iPSC-CM, which is crucial for the study of mitochondrial dysfunction and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. KW - mitochondrial cardiomyopathy KW - iPSC-cardiomyocytes KW - maturation strategies KW - Barth syndrome KW - Friedreich’s ataxia KW - lysosomal storage disorders Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327344 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göpfert, Dennis A1 - Traub, Jan A1 - Sell, Roxane A1 - Homola, György A. A1 - Vogt, Marius A1 - Pham, Mirko A1 - Frantz, Stefan A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Stoll, Guido A1 - Frey, Anna T1 - Profiles of cognitive impairment in chronic heart failure—A cluster analytic approach JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Background Cognitive impairment is a major comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with a wide range of phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to identify and compare different clusters of cognitive deficits. Methods The prospective cohort study “Cognition.Matters-HF” recruited 147 chronic HF patients (aged 64.5 ± 10.8 years; 16.2% female) of any etiology. All patients underwent extensive neuropsychological testing. We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of the cognitive domains, such as intensity of attention, visual/verbal memory, and executive function. Generated clusters were compared exploratively with respect to the results of cardiological, neurological, and neuroradiological examinations without correction for multiple testing. Results Dendrogram and the scree plot suggested three distinct cognitive profiles: In the first cluster, 42 patients (28.6%) performed without any deficits in all domains. Exclusively, the intensity of attention deficits was seen in the second cluster, including 55 patients (37.4%). A third cluster with 50 patients (34.0%) was characterized by deficits in all cognitive domains. Age (p = 0.163) and typical clinical markers of chronic HF, such as ejection fraction (p = 0.222), 6-min walking test distance (p = 0.138), NT-proBNP (p = 0.364), and New York Heart Association class (p = 0.868) did not differ between clusters. However, we observed that women (p = 0.012) and patients with previous cardiac valve surgery (p = 0.005) prevailed in the “global deficits” cluster and the “no deficits” group had a lower prevalence of underlying arterial hypertension (p = 0.029). Total brain volume (p = 0.017) was smaller in the global deficit cluster, and serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein were increased (p = 0.048). Conclusion Apart from cognitively healthy and globally impaired HF patients, we identified a group with deficits only in the intensity of attention. Women and patients with previous cardiac valve surgery are at risk for global cognitive impairment when suffering HF and could benefit from special multimodal treatment addressing the psychosocial condition. KW - chronic heart failure KW - cluster analysis KW - cognitive impairment KW - intensity of attention KW - glial fibrillary acidic protein Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313429 VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaitseva, Olena A1 - Hoffmann, Annett A1 - Löst, Margaretha A1 - Anany, Mohamed A. A1 - Zhang, Tengyu A1 - Kucka, Kirstin A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Wajant, Harald T1 - Antibody-based soluble and membrane-bound TWEAK mimicking agonists with FcγR-independent activity JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) activates the classical and alternative NFκB (nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells) signaling pathway but also enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death. Fn14 expression is upregulated in non-hematopoietic cells during tissue injury and is also often highly expressed in solid cancers. In view of the latter, there were and are considerable preclinical efforts to target Fn14 for tumor therapy, either by exploiting Fn14 as a target for antibodies with cytotoxic activity (e.g. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-inducing IgG variants, antibody drug conjugates) or by blocking antibodies with the aim to interfere with protumoral Fn14 activities. Noteworthy, there are yet no attempts to target Fn14 with agonistic Fc effector function silenced antibodies to unleash the proinflammatory and cell death-enhancing activities of this receptor for tumor therapy. This is certainly not at least due to the fact that anti-Fn14 antibodies only act as effective agonists when they are presented bound to Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Thus, there are so far no antibodies that robustly and selectively engage Fn14 signaling without triggering unwanted FcγR-mediated activities. In this study, we investigated a panel of variants of the anti-Fn14 antibody 18D1 of different valencies and domain architectures with respect to their inherent FcγR-independent ability to trigger Fn14-associated signaling pathways. In contrast to conventional 18D1, the majority of 18D1 antibody variants with four or more Fn14 binding sites displayed a strong ability to trigger the alternative NFκB pathway and to enhance TNF-induced cell death and therefore resemble in their activity soluble (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), one form of the natural occurring ligand of Fn14. Noteworthy, activation of the classical NFκB pathway, which naturally is predominately triggered by membrane-bound TWEAK but not soluble TWEAK, was preferentially observed with a subset of constructs containing Fn14 binding sites at opposing sites of the IgG scaffold, e.g. IgG1-scFv fusion proteins. A superior ability of IgG1-scFv fusion proteins to trigger classical NFκB signaling was also observed with the anti-Fn14 antibody PDL192 suggesting that we identified generic structures for Fn14 antibody variants mimicking soluble and membrane-bound TWEAK. KW - agonistic antibodies KW - cell death KW - FcγR KW - Fn14 KW - NFκB KW - TNF receptor superfamily KW - TWEAK Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323116 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Froehlich, Matthias A1 - Zahner, Antonia A1 - Schmalzing, Marc A1 - Gernert, Michael A1 - Strunz, Patrick-Pascal A1 - Hueper, Sebastian A1 - Portegys, Jan A1 - Schwaneck, Eva Christina A1 - Gadeholt, Ottar A1 - Kübler, Andrea A1 - Hewig, Johannes A1 - Ziebell, Philipp T1 - Patient-reported outcomes provide evidence for increased depressive symptoms and increased mental impairment in giant cell arteritis JF - Frontiers in Medicine N2 - Objectives The spectrum of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) represents highly inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Patients mostly report severe physical impairment. Possible consequences for mental health have been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological well-being in the context of GCA and PMR. Methods Cross-sectional study with N = 100 patients with GCA and/or PMR (GCA-PMR). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were measured using the Short Form 36 Version 2 (SF-36v2) and visual analog scale (VAS) assessment. Moreover, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used in 35 of 100 patients to detect depression. To compare PROs with physician assessment, VAS was also rated from physician perspective. To assess a possible association with inflammation itself, serological parameters of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) were included. Results In all scales of the SF-36v2 except General Health (GH) and in the physical and mental sum score (PCS, MCS), a significant impairment compared to the German reference collective was evident (MCS: d = 0.533, p < 0.001). In the PHQ-9 categorization, 14 of the 35 (40%) showed evidence of major depression disorder. VAS Patient correlated significantly with PHQ-9 and SF-36 in all categories, while VAS Physician showed only correlations to physical categories and not in the mental dimensions. Regarding inflammatory parameters, linear regression showed CRP to be a complementary significant positive predictor of mental health subscale score, independent of pain. Conclusion PRO show a relevant impairment of mental health up to symptoms of major depression disorder. The degree of depressive symptoms is also distinctly associated with the serological inflammatory marker CRP. KW - giant cell arteritis KW - PRO KW - depression KW - mental impairment KW - SF-36 KW - PHQ-9 KW - VAS KW - polymyalgia rheumatica Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319761 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hecker, Katharina A1 - Grüner, Julia A1 - Hartmannsberger, Beate A1 - Appeltshauser, Luise A1 - Villmann, Carmen A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Doppler, Kathrin T1 - Different binding and pathogenic effect of neurofascin and contactin–1 autoantibodies in autoimmune nodopathies JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Introduction IgG4 autoantibodies against paranodal proteins are known to induce acute-onset and often severe sensorimotor autoimmune neuropathies. How autoantibodies reach their antigens at the paranode in spite of the myelin barrier is still unclear. Methods We performed in vitro incubation experiments with patient sera on unfixed and unpermeabilized nerve fibers and in vivo intraneural and intrathecal passive transfer of patient IgG to rats, to explore the access of IgG autoantibodies directed against neurofascin-155 and contactin-1 to the paranodes and their pathogenic effect. Results We found that in vitro incubation resulted in weak paranodal binding of anti-contactin-1 autoantibodies whereas anti-neurofascin-155 autoantibodies bound to the nodes more than to the paranodes. After short-term intraneural injection, no nodal or paranodal binding was detectable when using anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies. After repeated intrathecal injections, nodal more than paranodal binding could be detected in animals treated with anti-neurofascin-155, accompanied by sensorimotor neuropathy. In contrast, no paranodal binding was visible in rats intrathecally injected with anti-contactin-1 antibodies, and animals remained unaffected. Conclusion These data support the notion of different pathogenic mechanisms of anti-neurofascin-155 and anti-contactin-1 autoantibodies and different accessibility of paranodal and nodal structures. KW - autoimmune nodopathy KW - IgG4 KW - neurofascin KW - contactin KW - node of ranvier KW - inflammatory neuropathy KW - passive transfer Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-320395 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehrieder, Dominik A1 - Zapantis, Nikolaos A1 - Pham, Mirko A1 - Schuhmann, Michael Klaus A1 - Haarmann, Axel T1 - Treating seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with inebilizumab: a case report JF - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a devastating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is often severely disabling from the outset. The lack of pathognomonic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies in seronegative NMOSD not only hinders early diagnosis, but also limits therapeutic options, in contrast to AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD, where the therapeutic landscape has recently evolved massively. Case presentation We report a 56-year-old woman with bilateral optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis as the index events of a seronegative NMOSD, who was successfully treated with inebilizumab. Conclusion Treatment with inebilizumab may be considered in aggressive seronegative NMOSD. Whether broader CD19-directed B cell depletion is more effective than treatment with rituximab remains elusive. KW - NMOSD KW - inebilizumab KW - AQP4 KW - longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis KW - optic neuritis KW - case report KW - CD19 KW - seronegative Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-354031 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Matzka, Manuel A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer T1 - The proportional distribution of training by elite endurance athletes at different intensities during different phases of the season JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living N2 - The present review examines retrospective analyses of training intensity distribution (TID), i.e., the proportion of training at moderate (Zone 1, Z1), heavy (Z2) and severe (Z3) intensity by elite-to-world-class endurance athletes during different phases of the season. In addition, we discuss potential implications of our findings for research in this field, as well as for training by these athletes. Altogether, we included 175 TIDs, of which 120 quantified exercise intensity on the basis of heart rate and measured time-in-zone or employed variations of the session goal approach, with demarcation of zones of exercise intensity based on physiological parameters. Notably, 49% of the TIDs were single-case studies, predominantly concerning cross-country skiing and/or the biathlon. Eighty-nine TIDs were pyramidal (Z1 > Z2 > Z3), 65 polarized (Z1 > Z3 > Z2) and 8 “threshold” (Z2 > Z1 = Z3). However, these relative numbers varied between sports and the particular phases of the season. In 91% (n = 160) of the TIDs >60% of the endurance exercise was of low intensity. Regardless of the approach to quantification or phase of the season, cyclists and swimmers were found to perform a lower proportion of exercise in Z1 (<72%) and higher proportion in Z2 (>16%) than athletes involved in the triathlon, speed skating, rowing, running, cross-country skiing or biathlon (>80% in Z1 and <12% in Z2 in all these cases). For most of the athletes their proportion of heavy-to-severe exercise was higher during the period of competition than during the preparatory phase, although with considerable variability between sports. In conclusion, the existing literature in this area does not allow general conclusions to be drawn. The methods utilized for quantification vary widely and, moreover, contextual information concerning the mode of exercise, environmental conditions, and biomechanical aspects of the exercise is often lacking. Therefore, we recommend a more comprehensive approach in connection with future investigations on the TIDs of athletes involved in different endurance sports. KW - training intensity distribution KW - exercise intensity KW - HIIT (High intensity interval training) KW - endurance KW - elite athlete KW - endurance training Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357988 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Arne A1 - Schoenfeld, Cornelia von A1 - Scheiner, Christin A1 - Seidel, Alexandra A1 - Wasserscheid, Antonia A1 - Gad, Doreya A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Reiter, Andrea M. F. T1 - Universal prevention for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents is scarce - A systematic review JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence is a high-risk marker for the development and persistence of mental health problems and has been recognized as a significant public health problem. Whereas targeted prevention has indeed shown to be effective in reducing NSSI and improve mental health problems, access to such programs is limited. By face validity, universal prevention of NSSI seems an ideal starting point for a stepped-care model to circumvent a lack of resources in the medical care system. However, it is yet unclear how effective such approaches are. Here, we provide a summary of existing work on universal prevention of NSSI in adolescents younger than 21 years based on a systematic literature search. We found that only seven studies are available. None of the programs evaluated was found to be effective in reducing the incidence or frequency of NSSI. After providing a comprehensive summary of the existing work, we evaluate the fact that existing work primarily focusses on selected/targeted prevention and on psychoeducational methods. We derive implications for future directions in the field of universal prevention of NSSI. KW - non-suicidal self-injury KW - NSSI KW - emotion regulation KW - prevention KW - universal prevention KW - adolescence KW - mental health Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357490 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Silva, Gabriela Neubert A1 - Seiffert, Nina A1 - Tovote, Philip T1 - Cerebellar contribution to the regulation of defensive states JF - Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience N2 - Despite fine tuning voluntary movement as the most prominently studied function of the cerebellum, early human studies suggested cerebellar involvement emotion regulation. Since, the cerebellum has been associated with various mood and anxiety-related conditions. Research in animals provided evidence for cerebellar contributions to fear memory formation and extinction. Fear and anxiety can broadly be referred to as defensive states triggered by threat and characterized by multimodal adaptations such as behavioral and cardiac responses integrated into an intricately orchestrated defense reaction. This is mediated by an evolutionary conserved, highly interconnected network of defense-related structures with functional connections to the cerebellum. Projections from the deep cerebellar nucleus interpositus to the central amygdala interfere with retention of fear memory. Several studies uncovered tight functional connections between cerebellar deep nuclei and pyramis and the midbrain periaqueductal grey. Specifically, the fastigial nucleus sends direct projections to the ventrolateral PAG to mediate fear-evoked innate and learned freezing behavior. The cerebellum also regulates cardiovascular responses such as blood pressure and heart rate-effects dependent on connections with medullary cardiac regulatory structures. Because of the integrated, multimodal nature of defensive states, their adaptive regulation has to be highly dynamic to enable responding to a moving threatening stimulus. In this, predicting threat occurrence are crucial functions of calculating adequate responses. Based on its role in prediction error generation, its connectivity to limbic regions, and previous results on a role in fear learning, this review presents the cerebellum as a regulator of integrated cardio-behavioral defensive states. KW - cerebellum KW - PAG KW - amygdala KW - prefrontal cortex KW - heart rate KW - fear KW - defensive states KW - prediction error Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311620 VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauschenberger, Vera A1 - Piro, Inken A1 - Kasaragod, Vikram Babu A1 - Hörlin, Verena A1 - Eckes, Anna-Lena A1 - Kluck, Christoph J. A1 - Schindelin, Hermann A1 - Meinck, Hans-Michael A1 - Wickel, Jonathan A1 - Geis, Christian A1 - Tüzün, Erdem A1 - Doppler, Kathrin A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Villmann, Carmen T1 - Glycine receptor autoantibody binding to the extracellular domain is independent from receptor glycosylation JF - Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience N2 - Glycine receptor (GlyR) autoantibodies are associated with stiff-person syndrome and the life-threatening progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus in children and adults. Patient histories show variability in symptoms and responses to therapeutic treatments. A better understanding of the autoantibody pathology is required to develop improved therapeutic strategies. So far, the underlying molecular pathomechanisms include enhanced receptor internalization and direct receptor blocking altering GlyR function. A common epitope of autoantibodies against the GlyRα1 has been previously defined to residues 1A-33G at the N-terminus of the mature GlyR extracellular domain. However, if other autoantibody binding sites exist or additional GlyR residues are involved in autoantibody binding is yet unknown. The present study investigates the importance of receptor glycosylation for binding of anti-GlyR autoantibodies. The glycine receptor α1 harbors only one glycosylation site at the amino acid residue asparagine 38 localized in close vicinity to the identified common autoantibody epitope. First, non-glycosylated GlyRs were characterized using protein biochemical approaches as well as electrophysiological recordings and molecular modeling. Molecular modeling of non-glycosylated GlyRα1 did not show major structural alterations. Moreover, non-glycosylation of the GlyRα1N38Q did not prevent the receptor from surface expression. At the functional level, the non-glycosylated GlyR demonstrated reduced glycine potency, but patient GlyR autoantibodies still bound to the surface-expressed non-glycosylated receptor protein in living cells. Efficient adsorption of GlyR autoantibodies from patient samples was possible by binding to native glycosylated and non-glycosylated GlyRα1 expressed in living not fixed transfected HEK293 cells. Binding of patient-derived GlyR autoantibodies to the non-glycosylated GlyRα1 offered the possibility to use purified non-glycosylated GlyR extracellular domain constructs coated on ELISA plates and use them as a fast screening readout for the presence of GlyR autoantibodies in patient serum samples. Following successful adsorption of patient autoantibodies by GlyR ECDs, binding to primary motoneurons and transfected cells was absent. Our results indicate that the glycine receptor autoantibody binding is independent of the receptor’s glycosylation state. Purified non-glycosylated receptor domains harbouring the autoantibody epitope thus provide, an additional reliable experimental tool besides binding to native receptors in cell-based assays for detection of autoantibody presence in patient sera. KW - glycine receptor KW - autoantibodies KW - glycosylation KW - extracellular domain KW - adsorption Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304206 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Murti, Krisna A1 - Fender, Hendrik A1 - Glatzle, Carolin A1 - Wismer, Rhoda A1 - Sampere-Birlanga, Salvador A1 - Wild, Vanessa A1 - Muhammad, Khalid A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Serfling, Edgar A1 - Avots, Andris T1 - Calcineurin-independent NFATc1 signaling is essential for survival of Burkitt lymphoma cells JF - Frontiers in Oncology N2 - In Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a tumor of germinal center B cells, the pro-apoptotic properties of MYC are controlled by tonic B cell receptor (BCR) signals. Since BL cells do not exhibit constitutive NF-κB activity, we hypothesized that anti-apoptotic NFATc1 proteins provide a major transcriptional survival signal in BL. Here we show that post-transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for the calcineurin (CN) independent constitutive nuclear over-expression of NFATc1 in BL and Eµ-MYC – induced B cell lymphomas (BCL). Conditional inactivation of the Nfatc1 gene in B cells of Eµ-MYC mice leads to apoptosis of BCL cells in vivo and ex vivo. Inhibition of BCR/SYK/BTK/PI3K signals in BL cells results in cytosolic re-location of NFATc1 and apoptosis. Therefore, NFATc1 activity is an integrated part of tonic BCR signaling and an alternative target for therapeutic intervention in BL. KW - apoptosis KW - Burkitt lymphoma KW - cyclosporin A KW - nuclear localization KW - NFATc1 KW - activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) KW - B cell receptor (BCR) KW - Burkitt lymphoma (BL) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-323103 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bellinger, Daniel A1 - Wehrmann, Kristin A1 - Rohde, Anna A1 - Schuppert, Maria A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Flohr-Jost, Michael A1 - Gall, Dominik A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Herrmann, Martin J. A1 - Erhardt-Lehmann, Angelika T1 - The application of virtual reality exposure versus relaxation training in music performance anxiety: a randomized controlled study JF - BMC Psychiatry N2 - Background Performance anxiety is the most frequently reported anxiety disorder among professional musicians. Typical symptoms are - on a physical level - the consequences of an increase in sympathetic tone with cardiac stress, such as acceleration of heartbeat, increase in blood pressure, increased respiratory rate and tremor up to nausea or flush reactions. These symptoms can cause emotional distress, a reduced musical and artistical performance up to an impaired functioning. While anxiety disorders are preferably treated using cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure, this approach is rather difficult for treating music performance anxiety since the presence of a public or professional jury is required and not easily available. The use of virtual reality (VR) could therefore display an alternative. So far, no therapy studies on music performance anxiety applying virtual reality exposure therapy have investigated the therapy outcome including cardiovascular changes as outcome parameters. Methods This mono-center, prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial has a pre-post design with a follow-up period of 6 months. 46 professional and semi-professional musicians will be recruited and allocated randomly to an VR exposure group or a control group receiving progressive muscle relaxation training. Both groups will be treated over 4 single sessions. Music performance anxiety will be diagnosed based on a clinical interview using ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia or social anxiety. A behavioral assessment test is conducted three times (pre, post, follow-up) in VR through an audition in a concert hall. Primary outcomes are the changes in music performance anxiety measured by the German Bühnenangstfragebogen and the cardiovascular reactivity reflected by heart rate variability (HRV). Secondary outcomes are changes in blood pressure, stress parameters such as cortisol in the blood and saliva, neuropeptides, and DNA-methylation. Discussion The trial investigates the effect of VR exposure in musicians with performance anxiety compared to a relaxation technique on anxiety symptoms and corresponding cardiovascular parameters. We expect a reduction of anxiety but also a consecutive improvement of HRV with cardiovascular protective effects. Trial registration This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov. (ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT05735860) KW - music performance anxiety KW - virtual reality exposure therapy KW - progressive muscle relaxation KW - heart rate variability Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357833 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bening, C. A1 - Genser, B. A1 - Keller, D. A1 - Müller-Altrock, S. A1 - Radakovic, D. A1 - Penov, K. A1 - Hassan, M. A1 - Aleksic, I. A1 - Leyh, R. A1 - Madrahimov, N. T1 - Impact of estradiol, testosterone and their ratio on left and right auricular myofilament function in male and female patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting JF - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders N2 - Background The impact of sex hormones on right and left auricular contractile apparatus function is largely unknown. We evaluated the impact of sex hormones on left and right heart contractility at the level of myocardial filaments harvested from left and right auricles during elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods 150 patients (132 male; 18 female) were enrolled. Preoperative testosterone and estradiol levels were measured with Immunoassay. Calcium induced force measurements were performed with left- and right auricular myofilaments in a skinned fiber model. Correlation analysis was used for comparison of force values and levels of sex hormones and their ratio. Results Low testosterone was associated with higher top force values in right-sided myofilaments but not in left-sided myofilaments for both sexes (p = 0.000 in males, p = 0.001 in females). Low estradiol levels were associated with higher top force values in right-sided myofilaments (p 0.000) in females and only borderline significantly associated with higher top force values in males (p 0.056). In females, low estradiol levels correlated with higher top force values in left sided myofilaments (p 0.000). In males, higher Estradiol/Testosterone ratio (E/T ratio) was only associated with higher top force values from right auricular myofilaments (p 0.04) In contrast, in females higher E/T ratio was associated with lower right auricular myofilament top force values (p 0.03) and higher top force values in left-sided myofilaments (p 0.000). Conclusions This study shows that patients’ comorbidities influence left and right sided contractility and may blur results concerning influence of sex hormones if not eliminated. A sex hormone dependent influence is obvious with different effects on the left and right ventricle. The E/T ratio and its impact on myofilament top force showed divergent results between genders, and may partially explain gender differences in patients with cardiovascular disease. KW - sex differences KW - E/T ratio KW - 17ßEstradiol KW - testosterone KW - skinned fiber Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357368 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Benedikt A1 - Eckert, Dominik A1 - Meixner, Andreas A1 - Pistner, Paul A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Berberich, Monika A1 - Happel, Oliver A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Kranke, Peter T1 - Conventional versus video-assisted laryngoscopy for perioperative endotracheal intubation (COVALENT) - a randomized, controlled multicenter trial JF - BMC Anesthesiology N2 - Background Data on the routine use of video-assisted laryngoscopy in peri-operative intubations are rather inconsistent and ambiguous, in part due to small populations and non-uniform outcome measures in past trials. Failed or prolonged intubation procedures are a reason for relevant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine whether video-assisted laryngoscopy (with both Macintosh-shaped and hyperangulated blades) is at least equal to the standard method of direct laryngoscopy with respect to the first-pass success rate. Furthermore, validated tools from the field of human factors will be applied to examine within-team communication and task load during this critical medical procedure. Methods In this randomized, controlled, three-armed parallel group design, multi-centre trial, a total of more than 2500 adult patients scheduled for perioperative endotracheal intubation will be randomized. In equally large arms, video-assisted laryngoscopy with a Macintosh-shaped or a hyperangulated blade will be compared to the standard of care (direct laryngoscopy with Macintosh blade). In a pre-defined hierarchical analysis, we will test the primary outcome for non-inferiority first. If this goal should be met, the design and projected statistical power also allow for subsequent testing for superiority of one of the interventions. Various secondary outcomes will account for patient safety considerations as well as human factors interactions within the provider team and will allow for further exploratory data analysis and hypothesis generation. Discussion This randomized controlled trial will provide a solid base of data in a field where reliable evidence is of major clinical importance. With thousands of endotracheal intubations performed every day in operating rooms around the world, every bit of performance improvement translates into increased patient safety and comfort and may eventually prevent significant burden of disease. Therefore, we feel confident that a large trial has the potential to considerably benefit patients and anaesthetists alike. Trial registration ClincalTrials.gov NCT05228288. Protocol version 1.1, November 15, 2021. KW - anaesthesiology KW - laryngoscopy KW - video-assisted laryngoscopy KW - intubation KW - airway management KW - patient safety KW - human factors Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357207 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radakovic, Dejan A1 - Penov, Kiril A1 - Lazarus, Marc A1 - Madrahimov, Nodir A1 - Hamouda, Khaled A1 - Schimmer, Christoph A1 - Leyh, Rainer G. A1 - Bening, Constanze T1 - The completeness of the left atrial appendage amputation during routine cardiac surgery JF - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders N2 - Background Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the origin of most heart thrombi which can lead to stroke or other cerebrovascular event in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to prove safety and low complication rate of surgical LAA amputation using cut and sew technique with control of its effectiveness. Methods 303 patients who have undergone selective LAA amputation were enrolled in the study in a period from 10/17 to 08/20. The LAA amputation was performed concomitant to routine cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass with cardiac arrest with or without previous history of AF. The operative and clinical data were evaluated. Extent of LAA amputation was examined intraoperatively by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Six months in follow up, the patients were controlled regarding clinical status and episodes of strokes. Results Average age of study population was 69.9 ± 19.2 and 81.9% of patients were male. In only three patients was residual stump after LAA amputation larger than 1 cm with average stump size 0.28 ± 0.34 cm. 3 patients (1%) developed postoperative bleeding. Postoperatively 77 (25.4%) patients developed postoperative AF (POAF), of which 29 (9.6%) still had AF at discharge. On 6 months follow up only 5 patients had NYHA class III and 1 NYHA class IV. Seven patients reported with leg oedema and no patient experienced any cerebrovascular event in early postoperative follow up. Conclusion LAA amputation can be performed safely and completely leaving minimal to no LAA residual stump. KW - left atrial appendage occlusion KW - cut and sew technique KW - atrial fibrillation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357376 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp E. A1 - Hasenauer, Natalie A1 - Nickl, Vera A1 - Monoranu, Camelia-Maria A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg T1 - Complete loss of E-cadherin expression in a rare case of metastatic malignant meningioma: a case report JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background Hematogenous tumor spread of malignant meningiomas occurs very rarely but is associated with very poor prognosis. Case presentation We report an unusual case of a patient with a malignant meningioma who developed multiple metastases in bones, lungs and liver after initial complete resection of the primary tumor. After partial hepatic resection, specimens were histologically analyzed, and a complete loss of E-cadherin adhesion molecules was found. No oncogenic target mutations were found. The patient received a combination of conventional radiotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Due to aggressive tumor behavior and rapid spread of metastases, the patient deceased after initiation of treatment. Conclusions E-cadherin downregulation is associated with a higher probability of tumor invasion and distant metastasis formation in malignant meningioma. Up to now, the efficacy of systemic therapy, including PRRT, is very limited in malignant meningioma patients. KW - beta-catenin KW - E-cadherin KW - meningioma KW - peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) KW - radiotherapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357996 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeiner, Carsten A1 - Schröder, Malte A1 - Metzner, Selina A1 - Herrmann, Johannes A1 - Notz, Quirin A1 - Hottenrott, Sebastian A1 - Röder, Daniel A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Lepper, Philipp M. A1 - Lotz, Christopher T1 - High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy during refractory COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study JF - BMC Pulmonary Medicine N2 - Background Current COVID-19 guidelines recommend the early use of systemic corticoids for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It remains unknown if high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) ameliorates refractory COVID-19 ARDS after many days of mechanical ventilation or rapid deterioration with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods This is a retrospective observational study. Consecutive patients with COVID-19 ARDS treated with a parenteral high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy at the intensive care units (ICU) of two University Hospitals between January 1st 2021 and November 30st 2022 were included. Clinical data collection was at ICU admission, start of MPT, 3-, 10- and 14-days post MPT. Results Thirty-seven patients (mean age 55 ± 12 years) were included in the study. MPT started at a mean of 17 ± 12 days after mechanical ventilation. Nineteen patients (54%) received ECMO support when commencing MPT. Mean paO2/FiO2 significantly improved 3- (p = 0.034) and 10 days (p = 0.0313) post MPT. The same applied to the necessary FiO2 10 days after MPT (p = 0.0240). There were no serious infectious complications. Twenty-four patients (65%) survived to ICU discharge, including 13 out of 20 (65%) needing ECMO support. Conclusions Late administration of high-dose MPT in a critical subset of refractory COVID-19 ARDS patients improved respiratory function and was associated with a higher-than-expected survival of 65%. These data suggest that high-dose MPT may be a viable salvage therapy in refractory COVID-19 ARDS. KW - corticoid KW - methylprednisolone KW - pulse therapy KW - SARS-CoV2 KW - ECMO KW - salvage therapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357231 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McNeill, Rhiannon V. A1 - Radtke, Franziska A1 - Nieberler, Matthias A1 - Koreny, Carolin A1 - Chiocchetti, Andreas G. A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah T1 - Generation of four human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from ADHD patients carrying different genotypes for the risk SNP rs1397547 in the ADHD-associated gene ADGRL3 JF - Stem Cell Research N2 - Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADGRL3 gene have been significantly associated with the development of ADHD, the aetiology of which remains poorly understood. The rs1397547 SNP has additionally been associated with significantly altered ADGRL3 transcription. We therefore generated iPSCs from two wild type ADHD patients, and two ADHD patients heterozygous for the risk SNP. With this resource we aim to facilitate further investigation into the complex and heterogenous pathology of ADHD. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of using magnetic activated cell sorting to allow the unbiased selection of fully reprogrammed iPSCs. KW - induced pluripotent stem cells KW - ADHD patients KW - risk SNP rs1397547 KW - gene ADGRL3 KW - iPSCs Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350099 VL - 67 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munawar, Umair A1 - Zhou, Xiang A1 - Prommersberger, Sabrina A1 - Nerreter, Silvia A1 - Vogt, Cornelia A1 - Steinhardt, Maximilian J. A1 - Truger, Marietta A1 - Mersi, Julia A1 - Teufel, Eva A1 - Han, Seungbin A1 - Haertle, Larissa A1 - Banholzer, Nicole A1 - Eiring, Patrick A1 - Danhof, Sophia A1 - Navarro-Aguadero, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Martin, Adrian A1 - Ortiz-Ruiz, Alejandra A1 - Barrio, Santiago A1 - Gallardo, Miguel A1 - Valeri, Antonio A1 - Castellano, Eva A1 - Raab, Peter A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Haferlach, Claudia A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Hudecek, Michael A1 - Martinez-Lopez, J. A1 - Waldschmidt, Johannes A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Rasche, Leo A1 - Kortüm, K. Martin T1 - Impaired FADD/BID signaling mediates cross-resistance to immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma JF - Communications Biology N2 - The treatment landscape in multiple myeloma (MM) is shifting from genotoxic drugs to immunotherapies. Monoclonal antibodies, immunoconjugates, T-cell engaging antibodies and CART cells have been incorporated into routine treatment algorithms, resulting in improved response rates. Nevertheless, patients continue to relapse and the underlying mechanisms of resistance remain poorly understood. While Impaired death receptor signaling has been reported to mediate resistance to CART in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, this mechanism yet remains to be elucidated in context of novel immunotherapies for MM. Here, we describe impaired death receptor signaling as a novel mechanism of resistance to T-cell mediated immunotherapies in MM. This resistance seems exclusive to novel immunotherapies while sensitivity to conventional anti-tumor therapies being preserved in vitro. As a proof of concept, we present a confirmatory clinical case indicating that the FADD/BID axis is required for meaningful responses to novel immunotherapies thus we report impaired death receptor signaling as a novel resistance mechanism to T-cell mediated immunotherapy in MM. KW - immunotherapy KW - translational research Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357609 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döhler, Ida A1 - Röder, Daniel A1 - Schlesinger, Tobias A1 - Nassen, Christian Alexander A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Wiegering, Armin A1 - Lock, Johan Friso T1 - Risk-adjusted perioperative bridging anticoagulation reduces bleeding complications without increasing thromboembolic events in general and visceral surgery JF - BMC Anesthesiology N2 - Background Perioperative bridging of oral anticoagulation increases the risk of bleeding complications after elective general and visceral surgery. The aim of this study was to explore, whether an individual risk-adjusted bridging regimen can reduce bleeding events, while still protecting against thromboembolic events. Methods We performed a quality improvement study comparing bridging parameters and postoperative outcomes before (period 1) and after implementation (period 2) of a new risk-adjusted bridging regimen. The primary endpoint of the study was overall incidence of postoperative bleeding complications during 30 days postoperatively. Secondary endpoints were major postoperative bleeding, minor bleeding, thromboembolic events, postoperative red blood cell transfusion, perioperative length-of-stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 263 patients during period 1 and 271 patients during period 2 were compared. The included elective operations covered the entire field of general and visceral surgery. The overall incidence of bleeding complications declined from 22.1% during period 1 to 10.3% in period 2 (p < 0.001). This reduction affected both major as well as minor bleeding events (8.4% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.039; 13.7% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.004). The incidence of thromboembolic events remained low (0.8% vs. 1.1%). No changes in mortality or length-of-stay were observed. Conclusion It is important to balance the individual thromboembolic and bleeding risks in perioperative bridging management. The risk adjusted bridging regimen reduces bleeding events in general and visceral surgery while the risk of thromboembolism remains comparably low. KW - low-molecular heparin KW - atrial fibrillation KW - postoperative bleeding KW - thromboembolism KW - anticoagulation KW - bridging Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357305 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuter, Christian A1 - Hauf, Laura A1 - Imdahl, Fabian A1 - Sen, Rituparno A1 - Vafadarnejad, Ehsan A1 - Fey, Philipp A1 - Finger, Tamara A1 - Jones, Nicola G. A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Barquist, Lars A1 - Saliba, Antoine-Emmanuel A1 - Groeber-Becker, Florian A1 - Engstler, Markus T1 - Vector-borne Trypanosoma brucei parasites develop in artificial human skin and persist as skin tissue forms JF - Nature Communications N2 - Transmission of Trypanosoma brucei by tsetse flies involves the deposition of the cell cycle-arrested metacyclic life cycle stage into mammalian skin at the site of the fly’s bite. We introduce an advanced human skin equivalent and use tsetse flies to naturally infect the skin with trypanosomes. We detail the chronological order of the parasites’ development in the skin by single-cell RNA sequencing and find a rapid activation of metacyclic trypanosomes and differentiation to proliferative parasites. Here we show that after the establishment of a proliferative population, the parasites enter a reversible quiescent state characterized by slow replication and a strongly reduced metabolism. We term these quiescent trypanosomes skin tissue forms, a parasite population that may play an important role in maintaining the infection over long time periods and in asymptomatic infected individuals. KW - mechanisms of disease KW - parasitology KW - transcriptomics Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-358142 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaufmann, Sebastian A1 - Gronwald, Thomas A1 - Herold, Fabian A1 - Hoos, Olaf T1 - Heart Rate Variability-Derived Thresholds for Exercise Intensity Prescription in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review of Interrelations and Agreement with Different Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds JF - Sports Medicine - Open N2 - Background Exercise intensities are prescribed using specific intensity zones (moderate, heavy, and severe) determined by a ‘lower’ and a ‘higher’ threshold. Typically, ventilatory (VT) or blood lactate thresholds (LT), and critical power/speed concepts (CP/CS) are used. Various heart rate variability-derived thresholds (HRVTs) using different HRV indices may constitute applicable alternatives, but a systematic review of the proximity of HRVTs to established threshold concepts is lacking. Objective This systematic review aims to provide an overview of studies that determined HRVTs during endurance exercise in healthy adults in comparison with a reference VT and/or LT concept. Methods A systematic literature search for studies determining HRVTs in healthy individuals during endurance exercise and comparing them with VTs or LTs was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (until January 2022). Studies claiming to describe similar physiological boundaries to delineate moderate from heavy (HRVTlow vs. VTlow and/or LTlow), and heavy from severe intensity zone (HRVThigh vs. VThigh and/or LThigh) were grouped and their results synthesized. Results Twenty-seven included studies (461 participants) showed a mean difference in relative HR between HRVTlow and VTlow of − 0.6%bpm in weighted means and 0.02%bpm between HRVTlow and LTlow. Bias between HR at HRVTlow and VTlow was 1 bpm (limits of agreement (LoA): − 10.9 to 12.8 bpm) and 2.7 bpm (LoA: − 20.4 to 25.8 bpm) between HRVTlow and LTlow. Mean difference in HR between HRVThigh and VThigh was 0.3%bpm in weighted means and 2.9%bpm between HRVThigh and LThigh while bias between HR at HRVThigh and VThigh was − 4 bpm (LoA: − 17.9 to 9.9 bpm) and 2.5 bpm (LoA: − 12.1 to 17.1 bpm) between HRVThigh and LThigh. Conclusion HRVTlow seems to be a promising approach for the determination of a ‘lower’ threshold comparable to VTlow and potentially for HRVThigh compared to VThigh, although the latter needs further empirical evaluation. LoA for both intensity zone boundaries indicates bias of HRVTs on an individual level. Taken together, HRVTs can be a promising alternative for prescribing exercise intensity in healthy, male athletes undertaking endurance activities but due to the heterogeneity of study design, threshold concepts, standardization, and lack of female participants, further research is necessary to draw more robust and nuanced conclusions. KW - exercise intensity KW - intensity distribution KW - vagal threshold KW - endurance training KW - performance testing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357957 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tran-Gia, Johannes A1 - Denis-Bacelar, Ana M. A1 - Ferreira, Kelley M. A1 - Robinson, Andrew P. A1 - Bobin, Christophe A1 - Bonney, Lara M. A1 - Calvert, Nicholas A1 - Collins, Sean M. A1 - Fenwick, Andrew J. A1 - Finocchiaro, Domenico A1 - Fioroni, Federica A1 - Giannopoulou, Katerina A1 - Grassi, Elisa A1 - Heetun, Warda A1 - Jewitt, Stephanie J. A1 - Kotzasarlidou, Maria A1 - Ljungberg, Michael A1 - Lourenço, Valérie A1 - McGowan, Daniel R. A1 - Mewburn-Crook, Jamie A1 - Sabot, Benoit A1 - Scuffham, James A1 - Sjögreen Gleisner, Katarina A1 - Solc, Jaroslav A1 - Thiam, Cheick A1 - Tipping, Jill A1 - Wevrett, Jill A1 - Lassmann, Michael T1 - On the use of solid 133Ba sources as surrogate for liquid 131I in SPECT/CT calibration: a European multi-centre evaluation JF - EJNMMI Physics N2 - Introduction Commissioning, calibration, and quality control procedures for nuclear medicine imaging systems are typically performed using hollow containers filled with radionuclide solutions. This leads to multiple sources of uncertainty, many of which can be overcome by using traceable, sealed, long-lived surrogate sources containing a radionuclide of comparable energies and emission probabilities. This study presents the results of a quantitative SPECT/CT imaging comparison exercise performed within the MRTDosimetry consortium to assess the feasibility of using 133Ba as a surrogate for 131I imaging. Materials and methods Two sets of four traceable 133Ba sources were produced at two National Metrology Institutes and encapsulated in 3D-printed cylinders (volume range 1.68–107.4 mL). Corresponding hollow cylinders to be filled with liquid 131I and a mounting baseplate for repeatable positioning within a Jaszczak phantom were also produced. A quantitative SPECT/CT imaging comparison exercise was conducted between seven members of the consortium (eight SPECT/CT systems from two major vendors) based on a standardised protocol. Each site had to perform three measurements with the two sets of 133Ba sources and liquid 131I. Results As anticipated, the 131I pseudo-image calibration factors (cps/MBq) were higher than those for 133Ba for all reconstructions and systems. A site-specific cross-calibration reduced the performance differences between both radionuclides with respect to a cross-calibration based on the ratio of emission probabilities from a median of 12–1.5%. The site-specific cross-calibration method also showed agreement between 133Ba and 131I for all cylinder volumes, which highlights the potential use of 133Ba sources to calculate recovery coefficients for partial volume correction. Conclusion This comparison exercise demonstrated that traceable solid 133Ba sources can be used as surrogate for liquid 131I imaging. The use of solid surrogate sources could solve the radiation protection problem inherent in the preparation of phantoms with 131I liquid activity solutions as well as reduce the measurement uncertainties in the activity. This is particularly relevant for stability measurements, which have to be carried out at regular intervals. KW - 133Ba KW - Barium-133 KW - 131I KW - radioiodine KW - solid surrogate source KW - quantitative SPECT/CT KW - comparison exercise KW - multi-centre KW - calibration Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357740 VL - 10 ER -