TY - JOUR A1 - Summa, Michela A1 - Klein, Martin A1 - Schmidt, Philipp T1 - Introduction: Double Intentionality JF - Topoi N2 - No abstract available. KW - double intentionality KW - intentional directions KW - experiences Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-269865 SN - 1572-8749 VL - 41 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Münchow, Hannes A1 - Mengelkamp, Christoph A1 - Bannert, Maria T1 - The better you feel the better you learn: do warm colours and rounded shapes enhance learning outcome in multimedia learning? JF - Education Research International N2 - The aim of the present study was to examine whether fostering positive activating affect during multimedia learning enhances learning outcome. University students were randomly assigned to either a multimedia learning environment designed to induce positive activating affect through the use of “warm” colours and rounded shapes () or an affectively neutral environment that used achromatic colours and sharp edges (). Participants learned about the topic of functional neuroanatomy for 20 minutes and had to answer several questions for comprehension and transfer afterwards. Affective states as well as achievement goal orientations were investigated before and after the learning phase using questionnaires. The results show that participants in the affectively positive environment were superior in comprehension as well as transfer when initial affect was strong. Preexperimental positive affect was therefore a predictor of comprehension and a moderator for transfer. Goal orientations did not influence these effects. The findings support the idea that positive affect, induced through the design of the particular multimedia learning environment, can facilitate performance if initial affective states are taken into account. KW - shape KW - learning outcome KW - multimedia learning KW - colour Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158566 VL - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krist, Lilian A1 - Dornquast, Christina A1 - Reinhold, Thomas A1 - Becher, Heiko A1 - Jöckel, Karl-Heinz A1 - Schmidt, Börge A1 - Schramm, Sara A1 - Icke, Katja A1 - Danquah, Ina A1 - Willich, Stefan N. A1 - Keil, Thomas A1 - Brand, Tilman T1 - Association of acculturation status with longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life — results from a cohort study of adults with Turkish origin in Germany JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Health-related quality of life (HRQL) among migrant populations can be associated with acculturation (i.e., the process of adopting, acquiring and adjusting to a new cultural environment). Since there is a lack of longitudinal studies, we aimed to describe HRQL changes among adults of Turkish descent living in Berlin and Essen, Germany, and their association with acculturation. Participants of a population-based study were recruited in 2012–2013 and reinvited six years later to complete a questionnaire. Acculturation was assessed at baseline using the Frankfurt acculturation scale (integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization). HRQL was assessed at baseline (SF-8) and at follow-up (SF-12) resulting in a physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) sum score. Associations with acculturation and HRQL were analyzed with linear regression models using a time-by-acculturation status interaction term. In the study 330 persons were included (65% women, mean age ± standard deviation 43.3 ± 11.8 years). Over the 6 years, MCS decreased, while PCS remained stable. While cross-sectional analyses showed associations of acculturation status with both MCS and PCS, temporal changes including the time interaction term did not reveal associations of baseline acculturation status with HRQL. When investigating HRQL in acculturation, more longitudinal studies are needed to take changes in both HRQL and acculturation status into account. KW - health-related quality of life KW - HRQL KW - acculturation KW - Turkish KW - migrants Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234068 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schober, Claudia T1 - Open-Access-Monografien in deutschsprachigen Universitätsverlagen JF - o-bib N2 - Universitätsverlage fördern die Publikation wissenschaftlicher Monografien, insbesondere Open- Access-Monografien. Dieses Publikationsformat stellt Verlage unter anderem bei der Frage der Ausgestaltung von Open Access und Themen wie Finanzierung, Kund/inn/en und Qualitätssicherung vor Herausforderungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels einer qualitativen Befragung, welche Lösungsansätze Universitätsverlage im deutschsprachigen Raum bei diesen Themen verfolgen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Lösungsansätze verschieden sind. N2 - University presses support monograph publishing, especially as open access monographs. Challenges of this new publishing model arise in different areas, for example with respect to the design of open access, and topics like business models, customers and quality management. By means of a qualitative survey, this study examines the approaches taken by university presses in German-speaking countries to solve these problems. As can be shown, the approaches are various. KW - University Press KW - Open Access KW - Monografie KW - Universitätsverlag KW - German-speaking countries KW - Open Access KW - monograph Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168699 VL - 5 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blümig, Gabriele A1 - Klein, Diana A1 - Wolf, Simone T1 - Das Framework und die Erstsemesterstudierenden der Medizin : ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg JF - O-Bib. Das Offene Bibliotheksjournal N2 - Dieser Artikel schildert die Neukonzeption eines Kurses für Erstsemesterstudierende der Medizin an der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg unter Einbeziehung des Frameworks for Information Literacy for Higher Education (im Folgenden Framework genannt). Nach einleitenden Bemerkungen zur Theorie der Schwellenkonzepte und zum Framework selbst steht der Kursinhalt mit den dazugehörigen Frames, Knowledge Practices und Dispositions im Fokus. Die Auswertung der Evaluation und ein Ausblick auf die Umsetzung des Kurses in der coronabedingten digitalen Lehre bilden den Schluss. N2 - This article describes the design of a new one-shot information literacy session for students of medicine in the first semester at the University Library Würzburg. After giving a short introduction into the threshold concept and the theoretical background of the Frameworks for Information Literacy for Higher Education (Framework) we focus on the content of the course in terms of frames, knowledge practices and dispositions. Finally we analyse the evaluation outcomes and show how we transfor-med the session into an e-learning-based course. KW - Informationskompetenz KW - Information Literacy KW - Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education KW - Medizinstudium KW - Erstsemester KW - Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten KW - Literaturrecherche KW - Bibliothekskurs Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245687 VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blümig, Gabriele A1 - Werr, Naoka T1 - S.P.U.T.N.I.K. – ein Schülertutorial im Sinne des Framework : ein Werkstattbericht JF - O-Bib. Das Offene Bibliotheksjournal N2 - Die Arbeitsgruppe Informationskompetenz im Bibliotheksverbund Bayern (AGIK Bay) veröffentlichte im Oktober 2020 das interaktive E-Tutorial S.P.U.T.N.I.K. zur Förderung der Informationskompetenz von Schüler*innen der Oberstufe, das sich inhaltlich am Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education orientiert. Der Artikel zeichnet die Entstehung des Tutorials in Kooperation mit Studierenden des Fachbereichs Archiv- und Bibliothekswesen der Hochschule für den öffentlichen Dienst in Bayern nach und skizziert die Herausforderungen bei der finalen Umsetzung durch die Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg. Das Tutorial ist als Moodle- und Ilias-kompatibles SCORM-Lernpaket mit vielen interaktiven Quizelementen konzipiert und in fünf Modulen aufgebaut. Es ist online zugänglich und steht zur Nachnutzung innerhalb der DACH-Bibliothekscommunity unter einer Creative Commons Lizenz bereit. N2 - In October 2020 the Working Group for Information Literacy of the Bavarian Library Network (AGIK Bay) published the interactive e-tutorial S.P.U.T.N.I.K. to promote the information literacy of high school students. Its content is based on the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. The article describes the creation of the tutorial in cooperation with students from the Department of Archive Management and Library Science at the University of Applied Sciences for Public Service in Bavaria and outlines the challenges in the final implementation by the University Library of Würzburg. The tutorial is designed as a Moodle- and Ilias-compatible SCORM learning package with many interactive quiz elements and consists of five independent modules. The tutorial is accessible online and is available for re-use within the German-speaking library community as it has been published under a Creative Commons License. KW - Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education KW - Schwellenkonzepte KW - Schülertutorial Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245702 VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Genest, Franca A1 - Rak, Dominik A1 - Petryk, Anna A1 - Seefried, Lothar T1 - Physical Function and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Adults Treated With Asfotase Alfa for Pediatric‐Onset Hypophosphatasia JF - JBMR Plus N2 - Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, metabolic disease characterized by tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency resulting in musculoskeletal and systemic clinical manifestations. This observational study evaluated the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa on physical function and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with pediatric‐onset HPP who received asfotase alfa for 12 months at a single center (ClinicalTrial.gov no.: NCT03418389). Primary outcomes evaluated physical function with the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT), timed up‐and‐go (TUG) test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and handheld dynamometry (HHD). Secondary outcome measures included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), pain prevalence/intensity, and pain medication use; HRQoL was evaluated using the 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2). Safety data were collected throughout the study. All 14 patients (11 women) had compound heterozygous ALPL gene mutations and ≥1 HPP bone manifestation, including history of ≥1 fracture. Mean (min, max) age was 51 (19 to 78) years. From baseline to 12 months of treatment, median 6MWT distance increased from 267 m to 320 m (n = 13; p = 0.023); median TUG test time improved from 14.4 s to 11.3 s (n = 9; p = 0.008). Specific components of the SPPB also improved significantly: median 4‐m gait speed increased from 0.8 m/s to 1.1 m/s (n = 10; p = 0.007) and median repeated chair‐rise time improved from 22 s to 13 s (n = 9; p = 0.008). LEFS score improved from 24 points to 53 points (n = 10; p = 0.002). Improvements in HHD were not clinically significant. SF‐36v2 Physical Component Score (PCS) improved after 12 months of treatment (n = 9; p = 0.010). Pain level did not change significantly from baseline to 12 months of treatment. There were significant improvements on chair‐rise time and SF‐36v2 PCS by 3 months, and on TUG test time after 6 months. No new safety signals were identified. These results show the real‐world effectiveness of asfotase alfa in improving physical functioning and HRQoL in adults with pediatric‐onset HPP. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KW - hypophosphatasia KW - enzyme replacement therapy KW - physical performance KW - clinical study KW - real-world evidence Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218410 VL - 4 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Ina T1 - Die Konstruktion von Männlichkeitsbildern in der katalanischen Literatur zum Ersten Spanisch Marokkanischen Krieg (1859/1860) JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This article explores the construction of Catalan masculinity and Catalan identity in literature on the Spanish-Moroccan War of 1859/60. During the war, an immense amount of patriotic literature in Catalan language was published in Catalonia, in which the authors glorified the deeds of the Catalan general Joan Prim i Prats and of the Catalan volunteers who fought in the war. The article aims to illustrate, on the basis of the analysis of poems, theatre plays, patriotic songs, reports and chronicles written by Catalan authors, the importance of the First Spanish-Moroccan War for the development of Catalan identity. It attempts as well to demonstrate that the authors used the literature about the war to diffuse a specific Catalan ideal of masculinity and to stylize General Prim and the volunteers into national heroes, who embodied the strength of the Catalan cultural nation, since the Catalan community needed new idols after a long time of political and cultural decline caused by the centralist policies of the Spanish state. The Catalan ideal of masculinity was utilized to differentiate the Catalans from the other Spaniards whose masculinity was considered to be in decadence by the other European nations. KW - Spanish-Moroccan War of 1859/60 KW - masculinity KW - Catalan identity KW - General Prim KW - Catalan volunteers Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221847 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harjus, Linda T1 - Top down Initiated Medial Linguistic Politics : A Normative Inquiry into the Application of Andalusian Varieties Conducted by the Radio Channel Canal Fiesta Radio JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This contribution deals with the phonetic heterogeneity of spoken Spanish in Andalusia in the sector of public auditory media, specifically in the program ¡Anda Levanta! of Canal Fiesta Radio. First, we take into consideration Article 10 of the Statute of the Autonomy of Andalusia, which enhances the protection, promotion, study, and prestige of the Andalusian modalities and its respective variety (cf. Parlamento de Andalucía 2007: 13). Second, we refer to the Libro de Estilo, a mandatory guide for presenters of public audiovisual media in Andalusia since 2014. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate divergences between the presenters and their audience with regard to their use of phonetic characteristics typical of the Andalusian varieties: where the presenters tend to avoid the salient aspects of the varieties, the audience employs a range of phonetic characteristics typical for Andalusian varieties, including some of the characteristics that are considered less prestigious. KW - Andalusian varieties KW - linguistic politics KW - European Spanish KW - sociophonetics KW - language in media Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221836 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alpermann, Björn A1 - Malzer, Michael T1 - “In Other News”: China’s International Media Strategy on Xinjiang — CGTN and New China TV on YouTube JF - Modern China N2 - In the Western world China stands accused of severe human rights violations regarding its treatment of the Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim minorities in its northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. This is the first article to systematically analyze the response of China’s international state media to these allegations. By studying the YouTube channels of two leading Chinese state media, China Global Television Network (CGTN) and New China TV (operated by Xinhua News Agency), it presents an indepth understanding of how China’s foreign-facing propaganda works in a crucial case. The quantitative content analysis highlights how China reacted to increasing international (mostly United States) pressure regarding its Xinjiang policies by producing higher volumes of videos and putting out new counternarratives. The qualitative analysis that follows provides in-depth treatment of the most important discourses that Chinese media engage in to salvage the nation’s international image, namely those on development, culture, nature, and terrorism. It finds several ways of countering criticism, ranging from presenting a positive image of China, in line with traditional propaganda guidelines and President Xi Jinping’s assignment to state media to “tell the China story well,” to more innovative approaches. Thus the development narrative becomes more personalized, the discourse on culture supports the “heritagization process” to incorporate minority cultures into a harmonized “Chinese civilization,” representations of nature firmly tie Xinjiang into the discourse of “beautiful China,” the “terror narrative” strategically employs shocking footage in an attempt to gain international “discourse power,” etc. The article provides an up-to-date picture of China’s state media strategy on a highly contentious international issue. KW - Xinjiang KW - YouTube KW - discourse analysis KW - Chinese state media Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314173 UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/00977004231169008 SN - 1552-6836 ET - Online first ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eiringhaus, Jörg A1 - Wünsche, Christoph M. A1 - Tirilomis, Petros A1 - Herting, Jonas A1 - Bork, Nadja A1 - Nikolaev, Viacheslav O. A1 - Hasenfuss, Gerd A1 - Sossalla, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Thomas H. T1 - Sacubitrilat reduces pro‐arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca\(^{2+}\) leak in human ventricular cardiomyocytes of patients with end‐stage heart failure JF - ESC Heart Failure N2 - Aims Inhibition of neprilysin and angiotensin II receptor by sacubitril/valsartan (Val) (LCZ696) reduces mortality in heart failure (HF) patients compared with sole inhibition of renin–angiotensin system. Beneficial effects of increased natriuretic peptide levels upon neprilysin inhibition have been proposed, whereas direct effects of sacubitrilat (Sac) (LBQ657) on myocardial Ca\(^{2+}\) cycling remain elusive. Methods and results Confocal microscopy (Fluo‐4 AM) was used to investigate pro‐arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca\(^{2+}\) leak in freshly isolated murine and human ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) upon Sac (40 μmol/L)/Val (13 μmol/L) treatment. The concentrations of Sac and Val equalled plasma concentrations of LCZ696 treatment used in PARADIGM‐HF trial. Epifluorescence microscopy measurements (Fura‐2 AM) were performed to investigate effects on systolic Ca\(^{2+}\) release, SR Ca\(^{2+}\) load, and Ca\(^{2+}\)‐transient kinetics in freshly isolated murine ventricular CMs. The impact of Sac on myocardial contractility was evaluated using in toto‐isolated, isometrically twitching ventricular trabeculae from human hearts with end‐stage HF. Under basal conditions, the combination of Sac/Val did not influence diastolic Ca\(^{2+}\)‐spark frequency (CaSpF) nor pro‐arrhythmogenic SR Ca\(^{2}\) leak in isolated murine ventricular CMs (n CMs/hearts = 80/7 vs. 100/7, P = 0.91/0.99). In contrast, Sac/Val treatment reduced CaSpF by 35 ± 9% and SR Ca\(^{2+}\) leak by 45 ± 9% in CMs put under catecholaminergic stress (isoproterenol 30 nmol/L, n = 81/7 vs. 62/7, P < 0.001 each). This could be attributed to Sac, as sole Sac treatment also reduced both parameters by similar degrees (reduction of CaSpF by 57 ± 7% and SR Ca2+ leak by 76 ± 5%; n = 101/4 vs. 108/4, P < 0.01 each), whereas sole Val treatment did not. Systolic Ca2+ release, SR Ca\(^{2+}\) load, and Ca\(^{2+}\)‐transient kinetics including SERCA activity (k\(_{SERCA}\)) were not compromised by Sac in isolated murine CMs (n = 41/6 vs. 39/6). Importantly, the combination of Sac/Val and Sac alone also reduced diastolic CaSpF and SR Ca\(^{2+}\) leak (reduction by 74 ± 7%) in human left ventricular CMs from patients with end‐stage HF (n = 71/8 vs. 78/8, P < 0.05 each). Myocardial contractility of human ventricular trabeculae was not acutely affected by Sac treatment as the developed force remained unchanged over a time course of 30 min (n trabeculae/hearts = 3/3 vs. 4/3). Conclusion This study demonstrates that neprilysin inhibitor Sac directly improves Ca\(^{2+}\) homeostasis in human end‐stage HF by reducing pro‐arrhythmogenic SR Ca\(^{2+}\) leak without acutely affecting systolic Ca\(^{2+}\) release and inotropy. These effects might contribute to the mortality benefits observed in the PARADIGM‐HF trial. KW - heart failure KW - entresto KW - Neprilysin inhibition KW - Ca cycling KW - SR Ca leak KW - arrhythmia Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218479 VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 2992 EP - 3002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Matthias A1 - Heinrichs, Harald T1 - Dimensions, dialectic, discourse. Three political perspectives on the sustainability of the German healthcare system JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - This review article deals with the topic of sustainability in the German healthcare system and presents an overview of how the six articles of our research relate to one another. After introducing to the context of the research, its internal principles, and the methods applied, three perspectives are presented, each also discussed in terms of the respective literature in sustainability science and political science. The review concludes by presenting a circular model and by discussing the general limitations as well as the practical implications of our research. KW - sustainability KW - German healthcare system KW - policy KW - politics KW - polity Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177003 VL - 15 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rau-Bredow, Hans T1 - Bigger is not always safer: a critical analysis of the subadditivity assumption for coherent risk measures JF - Risks N2 - This paper provides a critical analysis of the subadditivity axiom, which is the key condition for coherent risk measures. Contrary to the subadditivity assumption, bank mergers can create extra risk. We begin with an analysis how a merger affects depositors, junior or senior bank creditors, and bank owners. Next it is shown that bank mergers can result in higher payouts having to be made by the deposit insurance scheme. Finally, we demonstrate that if banks are interconnected via interbank loans, a bank merger could lead to additional contagion risks. We conclude that the subadditivity assumption should be rejected, since a subadditive risk measure, by definition, cannot account for such increased risks. KW - coherent risk measures KW - subadditivity KW - bank mergers KW - regulatory capital Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201808 VL - 7 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauth, Hans-Joachim A1 - Schlenkrich, Oliver T1 - Making Trade-Offs Visible: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations about the Relationship between Dimensions and Institutions of Democracy and Empirical Findings JF - Politics and Governance N2 - Whereas the measurement of the quality of democracy focused on the rough differentiation of democracies and autocracies in the beginning (e.g. Vanhanen, Polity, Freedom House), the focal point of newer instruments is the assessment of the quality of established democracies. In this context, tensions resp. trade-offs between dimensions of democracy are discussed as well (e.g. Democracy Barometer, Varieties of Democracy). However, these approaches lack a systematic discussion of trade-offs and they are not able to show trade-offs empirically. We address this research desideratum in a three-step process: Firstly, we propose a new conceptual approach, which distinguishes between two different modes of relationships between dimensions: mutual reinforcing effects and a give-and-take relationship (trade-offs) between dimensions. By introducing our measurement tool, Democracy Matrix, we finally locate mutually reinforcing effects as well as trade-offs. Secondly, we provide a new methodological approach to measure trade-offs. While one measuring strategy captures the mutual reinforcing effects, the other strategy employs indicators, which serve to gauge trade-offs. Thirdly, we demonstrate empirical findings of our measurement drawing on the Varieties of Democracy dataset. Incorporating trade-offs into the measurement enables us to identify various profiles of democracy (libertarian, egalitarian and control-focused democracy) via the quality of its dimensions. KW - control-focused democracy KW - democracy KW - egalitarian democracy KW - libertarian democracy KW - Varieties of Democracy KW - Democracy Matrix KW - measurement of democracy KW - profile of democracy KW - quality of democracy KW - trade-off Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159588 VL - 6 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rademaker, Manuel E. A1 - Schuberth, Florian A1 - Dijkstra, Theo K. T1 - Measurement error correlation within blocks of indicators in consistent partial least squares : Issues and remedies JF - Internet Research N2 - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enhance consistent partial least squares (PLSc) to yield consistent parameter estimates for population models whose indicator blocks contain a subset of correlated measurement errors. Design/methodology/approach Correction for attenuation as originally applied by PLSc is modified to include a priori assumptions on the structure of the measurement error correlations within blocks of indicators. To assess the efficacy of the modification, a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted. Findings In the presence of population measurement error correlation, estimated parameter bias is generally small for original and modified PLSc, with the latter outperforming the former for large sample sizes. In terms of the root mean squared error, the results are virtually identical for both original and modified PLSc. Only for relatively large sample sizes, high population measurement error correlation, and low population composite reliability are the increased standard errors associated with the modification outweighed by a smaller bias. These findings are regarded as initial evidence that original PLSc is comparatively robust with respect to misspecification of the structure of measurement error correlations within blocks of indicators. Originality/value Introducing and investigating a new approach to address measurement error correlation within blocks of indicators in PLSc, this paper contributes to the ongoing development and assessment of recent advancements in partial least squares path modeling. KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Structural equation modelling KW - Consistent partial least squares KW - Measurement error correlation KW - Model specification Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224901 VL - 29 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsche, Alexander A1 - Höckendorf, Bastian A1 - Alvermann, Andreas A1 - Fehske, Holger T1 - Real and imaginary edge states in stacked Floquet honeycomb lattices JF - The European Physical Journal B N2 - We present a non-Hermitian Floquet model with topological edge states in real and imaginaryband gaps. The model utilizes two stacked honeycomb lattices which can be related via four different typesof non-Hermitian time-reversal symmetry. Implementing the correct time-reversal symmetry provides uswith either two counterpropagating edge states in a real gap, or a single edge state in an imaginary gap.The counterpropagating edge states allow for either helical or chiral transport along the lattice perimeter.In stark contrast, we find that the edge state in the imaginary gap does not propagate. Instead, it remainsspatially localized while its amplitude continuously increases. Our model is well-suited for realizing theseedge states in photonic waveguide lattices KW - edge states KW - lattices Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232347 SN - 1434-6028 VL - 93 IS - 151 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jetter, Tobias ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Afterword : Engaged Scholarship in Practice; or: How to Look Back into the Future T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Globalisierung KW - Wiliams, Raymond KW - Hall, Stuart KW - Politische Ethik KW - cultural studies KW - globalization KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Hall, Stuart KW - moral elitism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305953 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Contributors T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Contributors Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313258 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fisser, Henrik A1 - Khorsandi, Ehsan A1 - Wegmann, Martin A1 - Baier, Frank T1 - Detecting moving trucks on roads using Sentinel-2 data JF - Remote Sensing N2 - In most countries, freight is predominantly transported by road cargo trucks. We present a new satellite remote sensing method for detecting moving trucks on roads using Sentinel-2 data. The method exploits a temporal sensing offset of the Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument, causing spatially and spectrally distorted signatures of moving objects. A random forest classifier was trained (overall accuracy: 84%) on visual-near-infrared-spectra of 2500 globally labelled targets. Based on the classification, the target objects were extracted using a developed recursive neighbourhood search. The speed and the heading of the objects were approximated. Detections were validated by employing 350 globally labelled target boxes (mean F\(_1\) score: 0.74). The lowest F\(_1\) score was achieved in Kenya (0.36), the highest in Poland (0.88). Furthermore, validated at 26 traffic count stations in Germany on in sum 390 dates, the truck detections correlate spatio-temporally with station figures (Pearson r-value: 0.82, RMSE: 43.7). Absolute counts were underestimated on 81% of the dates. The detection performance may differ by season and road condition. Hence, the method is only suitable for approximating the relative truck traffic abundance rather than providing accurate absolute counts. However, existing road cargo monitoring methods that rely on traffic count stations or very high resolution remote sensing data have limited global availability. The proposed moving truck detection method could fill this gap, particularly where other information on road cargo traffic are sparse by employing globally and freely available Sentinel-2 data. It is inferior to the accuracy and the temporal detail of station counts, but superior in terms of spatial coverage. KW - Sentinel-2 KW - truck detection KW - road traffic KW - machine learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267174 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usman, Muhammad A1 - Reimann, Thomas A1 - Liedl, Rudolf A1 - Abbas, Azhar A1 - Conrad, Christopher A1 - Saleem, Shoaib T1 - Inverse parametrization of a regional groundwater flow model with the aid of modelling and GIS: test and application of different approaches JF - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information N2 - The use of inverse methods allow efficient model calibration. This study employs PEST to calibrate a large catchment scale transient flow model. Results are demonstrated by comparing manually calibrated approaches with the automated approach. An advanced Tikhonov regularization algorithm was employed for carrying out the automated pilot point (PP) method. The results indicate that automated PP is more flexible and robust as compared to other approaches. Different statistical indicators show that this method yields reliable calibration as values of coefficient of determination (R-2) range from 0.98 to 0.99, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (ME) range from 0.964 to 0.976, and root mean square errors (RMSE) range from 1.68 m to 1.23 m, for manual and automated approaches, respectively. Validation results of automated PP show ME as 0.969 and RMSE as 1.31 m. The results of output sensitivity suggest that hydraulic conductivity is a more influential parameter. Considering the limitations of the current study, it is recommended to perform global sensitivity and linear uncertainty analysis for the better estimation of the modelling results. KW - pilot-point-approach KW - inverse parameterization KW - groundwater KW - sensitivity analysis KW - tikhonov regularization KW - PEST Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175721 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Middelhoff, Frederike A1 - Schönbeck, Sebastian T1 - Coming to Terms: The Poetics of More-than-human Worlds T2 - Texts, Animals, Environments: Zoopoetics and Ecopoetics N2 - No abstract available. KW - Animal Studies KW - Cultural Animal Studies KW - Cultural Studies KW - Ecocriticism KW - Environmental Humanities KW - Human-Animal Studies KW - Literary Studies Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177783 UR - https://www.rombach-verlag.de/buecher/suchergebnis/rombach/buch/details/texts-animals-environments.html PB - Rombach Druck- und Verlagshaus CY - Freiburg i. Br. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niemack, Juliane T1 - Schutzfaktoren bei Kindern vor dem Übergang in die Sekundarstufe – Ergebnisse aus der STRESSStudie JF - Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research N2 - Der Übergang in die Sekundarstufe stellt für Kinder ein normativ kritisches Lebensereignis dar, das unterschiedlich bewertet und bewältigt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Schutzfaktoren dazu beitragen, dass Kinder dem Übergang mit Gefühlen der Vorfreude begegnen und sie dieses Ereignis problemorientiert bewältigen. Untersucht werden 596 ViertklässlerInnen aus Bayern und Hessen vor dem Übergang in die Sekundarstufe. In Anlehnung an die kognitiv-transaktionale Theorie von Lazarus und Folkman (1984) werden die Zusammenhänge von primärer Bewertung als Herausforderung und problemorientierter Stressbewältigung unter Berücksichtigung von personalen (akademisches Selbstkonzept, Selbstwirksamkeit) und sozialen Schutzfaktoren (Familienzusammenhalt, allgemeines förderndes Elternverhalten) analysiert. Mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen lassen sich Mediationseffekte der Schutzfaktoren nachweisen. Insbesondere das akademische Selbstkonzept und ein förderliches Familienumfeld erweisen sich als bedeutsame protektive Faktoren in der Phase vor dem Übergang. N2 - Transition to secondary school constitutes a normative critical life event for children, which is evaluated and managed individually. The present study focuses on the role of protective factors helping children to approach this transition with emotions of pleasant anticipation and problem-focused coping. 596 fourth graders from Bavaria and Hesse were examined prior to their transition to secondary school. Referring to the cognitive-transactional theory from Lazarus and Folkman (1984), correlations between primary appraisal as a challenge and problem-focused coping in consideration of personal (academic self-concept, self-efficacy) and social protective factors (family cohesion, general supportive parent behavior) have been analyzed. Using structural equation models, the mediation effects of protective factors can be confirmed. Academic self-concept and a supportive family environment particularly proved to be protective factors prior to the transition. T2 - Protective Factors of Children prior to the Transition to Secondary School – Results from the STRESSStudy KW - Übergang KW - kognitiv-transaktionale Theorie KW - Stress KW - Schutzfaktoren KW - transition KW - cognitive-transactional theory KW - stress KW - protective factors Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268788 VL - 2019 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lüke, Carina A1 - Ritterfeld, Ute A1 - Liszkowski, Ulf T1 - In bilinguals' hands: identification of bilingual, preverbal infants at risk for language delay JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics N2 - Studies with monolingual infants show that the gestural behavior of 1–2-year-olds is a strong predictor for later language competencies and, more specifically, that the absence of index-finger pointing at 12 months seems to be a valid indicator for risk of language delay (LD). In this study a lack of index-finger pointing at 12 months was utilized as diagnostic criterion to identity infants with a high risk for LD at 24 months in a sample of 42 infants growing up bilingually. Results confirm earlier findings from monolinguals showing that 12-month-olds who point with the extended index finger have an advanced language status at 24 months and are less likely language delayed than infants who only point with the whole hand and do not produce index-finger points at 12 months. KW - gesture KW - pointing KW - language delay KW - language acquisition KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276639 SN - 2296-2360 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thalhammer, Johanna T1 - L’art de bien chanter und Von der Kunst zierlich zu singen und zu spielen – Eine kontrastive Analyse von Texten der musikalischen Fachsprache im 18. Jahrhundert anhand von Auszügen aus Code de musique pratique, Rameau (1760) und Der vollkommene Capellmeister, Mattheson (1739) JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This article is an analysis and a comparison of German and French special language of music in the 18th century, more precisely about the terms used to describe the activity of singing. The analysis is based on two treatises about music theory. The first writing, Der Vollkommene Capellmeister, was written by Johann Mattheson in 1739 and the second, Code de musique pratique by Jean-Philippe Rameau was published in 1760. Both texts contain a chapter which gives explanations how to sing. The treatises include different types of technical words: specific terms easy identified as special language terms like names of ornaments in the music, special verbs standing for singing, and words and anaphors to describe tonality and dynamics. By having a look on the terms of music language, the influence of Italian and French words on German vocabulary of music becomes obvious. The vocabulary is often similar in both languages, but not always defined as a part of the special language of music. KW - special language of music KW - contrastive analysis of languages KW - vocabulary of singing KW - Mattheson KW - Rameau Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172958 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöch, Christof T1 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Christof Schöch JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Christof Schöch KW - Interview Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235128 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldmann, Julius A1 - Hesselbach, Robert T1 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Kai Nonnenmacher JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Kai Nonnenmacher KW - Interview KW - Karriere KW - Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187942 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prifti, Elton T1 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Elton Prifti JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Elton Prifti KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Interview Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-251395 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Grief, Lukas A1 - Altmann, Michael A1 - Bogaschewsky, Ronald T1 - The impact of sustainable supply chain management practices on performance metrics – A meta-analysis N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels einer Meta-Analyse den Zusammenhang zwischen nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivitäten und der Unternehmensperformance. Es sollen auf Grundlage einer breiten Datenbasis aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2013 fundierte und aussagekräftige Zusammenhänge zwischen ökologisch nachhaltigen Supply Chain Aktivitäten und deren Wirkung auf unterschiedliche Bereiche der Unternehmensperformance hergestellt werden N2 - Based on a broad data basis considering the years 2000 - 2013, we conduct a meta-analysis to research the influence of sustainable supply chain practices on different aspects of measurable company performance. T2 - Eine Meta-Analyse zur Untersuchung der Auswirkung nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivitäten auf die Unternehmensperformance T3 - Working Paper Series of the Institute of Business Management - 5 KW - Supply Chain Management KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - supply chain management KW - sustainability Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153833 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döllinger, Nina A1 - Wolf, Erik A1 - Mal, David A1 - Wenninger, Stephan A1 - Botsch, Mario A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich A1 - Wienrich, Carolin T1 - Resize Me! Exploring the user experience of embodied realistic modulatable avatars for body image intervention in virtual reality JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system’s impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions. KW - virtual reality KW - avatar embodiment KW - user experience KW - body awareness KW - body weight perception KW - body weight modification KW - body image disturbance KW - eating and body weight disorders Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-292940 SN - 2673-4192 VL - 3 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nord, Ilona A1 - Ess, Charles A1 - Hurtienne, Jörn A1 - Schlag, Thomas T1 - Robotics in Christian Religious Practice Reflections on initial experiments in this field N2 - In this article we offer initial insights into the fairly new interdisciplinary and international domain of robotics in Christian religious practice. We are a group of scholars in media ethics, practical theology/religious education, and human computer interaction, who have been engaged in this discourse since 2017. A natural starting point is our study of BlessU2, a “blessing robot,” a device which received considerable recognition from the global public at the Wittenberg 500th reformation anniversary in 2017. We thus begin with the results of this study. Secondly, we will briefly address the relevant theses from Gabriele Trovato et al., as presented in their 2019 article on so-called theomorphic robots – followed by our interdisciplinary discussion of their approach. Finally, we draw conclusions for further work on the field of “religious robots.” Somewhat more carefully: Section 1 offers starting points within the perspectives of Christian religious practice: here, the blessing robot is both cause and occasion for doing religion and theologizing in the context of existential questions (1.1). We continue with perceptions in the field of religion regarding “Discursive Design Theory” (1.2). The interaction of humans with computers as posing questions for theological standardization of religious practice is focused upon in 1.3. Section 2 reconstructs the HRI/HCI-initiative to develop theomorphic robots in a twofold manner, i.e., the idea of developing theomorphic robots (2.1) and the concept of theomorphic robots: Questions and objections (2.2). In this part of the article we raise discussion points concerning the relationship between technology and religion and the need for sharpening the understanding of religion within the research field. Section 3 closes with propositions and alternatives. KW - Soziale Robotik KW - Christentum KW - Religious Practice KW - Robotics KW - Human Computer Interaction KW - BlessU2 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kim, Brandon J. A1 - Shusta, Eric V. A1 - Doran, Kelly S. T1 - Past and current perspectives in modeling bacteria and blood–brain barrier interactions JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - The central nervous system (CNS) barriers are highly specialized cellular barriers that promote brain homeostasis while restricting pathogen and toxin entry. The primary cellular constituent regulating pathogen entry in most of these brain barriers is the brain endothelial cell (BEC) that exhibits properties that allow for tight regulation of CNS entry. Bacterial meningoencephalitis is a serious infection of the CNS and occurs when bacteria can cross specialized brain barriers and cause inflammation. Models have been developed to understand the bacterial – BEC interaction that lead to pathogen crossing into the CNS, however, these have been met with challenges due to these highly specialized BEC phenotypes. This perspective provides a brief overview and outlook of the in vivo and in vitro models currently being used to study bacterial brain penetration, and opinion on improved models for the future. KW - bacteria KW - blood–brain barrier KW - meningitis KW - stem cells KW - brain endothelial cell Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201766 VL - 10 IS - 1336 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krieter, Detlef H. A1 - Kerwagen, Simon A1 - Rüth, Marieke A1 - Lemke, Horst-Dieter A1 - Wanner, Christoph T1 - Differences in dialysis efficacy have limited effects on protein-bound uremic toxins plasma levels over time JF - Toxins N2 - The protein-bound uremic toxins para-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure, but the effect of different dialysis procedures on their plasma levels over time is poorly studied. The present prospective, randomized, cross-over trial tested dialysis efficacy and monitored pre-treatment pCS and IS concentrations in 15 patients on low-flux and high-flux hemodialysis and high-convective volume postdilution hemodiafiltration over six weeks each. Although hemodiafiltration achieved by far the highest toxin removal, only the mean total IS level was decreased at week three (16.6 ± 12.1 mg/L) compared to baseline (18.9 ± 13.0 mg/L, p = 0.027) and to low-flux dialysis (20.0 ± 12.7 mg/L, p = 0.021). At week six, the total IS concentration in hemodiafiltration reached the initial values again. Concentrations of free IS and free and total pCS remained unaltered. Highest beta2-microglobulin elimination in hemodiafiltration (p < 0.001) led to a persistent decrease of the plasma levels at week three and six (each p < 0.001). In contrast, absent removal in low-flux dialysis resulted in rising beta2-microglobulin concentrations (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that even large differences in instantaneous protein-bound toxin removal by current extracorporeal dialysis techniques may have only limited impact on IS and pCS plasma levels in the longer term. KW - protein-bound uremic toxins KW - end-stage renal disease KW - hemodialysis KW - hemodiafiltration KW - dialysis adequacy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201770 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Höweler, Malte A1 - Xiang, Zuo A1 - Höpfner, Franz A1 - Nguyen, Giang T. A1 - Fitzek, Frank H. P. T1 - Towards Stateless Core Networks: Measuring State Access Patterns T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - Future mobile communication networks, such as 5G and beyond, can benefit from Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) when deployed on cloud infrastructures to achieve elasticity and scalability. However, new challenges arise as to managing states of Network Functions (NFs). Especially control plane VNFs, which are mainly found in cellular core networks like the 5G Core (5GC), received little attention since the shift towards virtualizing NFs. Most existing solutions for these core networks are often complex, intrusive, and are seldom compliant with the standard. With the emergence of 5G campus networks, UEs will be mainly machine-type devices. These devices communicate more deterministically, bringing new opportunities for elaborated state management. This work presents an emulation environment to perform rigorous measurements on state access patterns. The emulation comes with a fully parameterized Markov model for the UE to examine a wide variety of different devices. These measurements can then be used as a solid base for designing an efficient, simple, and standard conform state management solution that brings us further towards stateless core networks. KW - Datennetz KW - 5GC KW - VNF KW - SBA KW - measurements KW - MTC Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280770 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Grigorjew, Alexej A1 - Diederich, Philip A1 - Hoßfeld, Tobias A1 - Kellerer, Wolfgang T1 - Affordable Measurement Setups for Networking Device Latency with Sub-Microsecond Accuracy T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - This document presents a networking latency measurement setup that focuses on affordability and universal applicability, and can provide sub-microsecond accuracy. It explains the prerequisites, hardware choices, and considerations to respect during measurement. In addition, it discusses the necessity for exhaustive latency measurements when dealing with high availability and low latency requirements. Preliminary results show that the accuracy is within ±0.02 μs when used with the Intel I350-T2 network adapter. KW - Datennetz KW - latency Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280751 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gallenmüller, Sebastian A1 - Scholz, Dominik A1 - Stubbe, Henning A1 - Hauser, Eric A1 - Carle, Georg T1 - Reproducible by Design: Network Experiments with pos T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - In scientific research, the independent reproduction of experiments is the source of trust. Detailed documentation is required to enable experiment reproduction. Reproducibility awards were created to honor the increased documentation effort. In this work, we propose a novel approach toward reproducible research—a structured experimental workflow that allows the creation of reproducible experiments without requiring additional efforts of the researcher. Moreover, we present our own testbed and toolchain, namely, plain orchestrating service (pos), which enables the creation of such experimental workflows. The experiment is documented by our proposed, fully scripted experiment structure. In addition, pos provides scripts enabling the automation of the bundling and release of all experimental artifacts. We provide an interactive environment where pos experiments can be executed and reproduced, available at https://gallenmu.github.io/single-server-experiment. KW - Datennetz KW - Reproducibility KW - Testbed KW - Network Experiments KW - plain orchestrating service KW - pos Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280834 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Odhah, Najib A1 - Grass, Eckhard A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Effective Rate of URLLC with Short Block-Length Information Theory T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - Shannon channel capacity estimation, based on large packet length is used in traditional Radio Resource Management (RRM) optimization. This is good for the normal transmission of data in a wired or wireless system. For industrial automation and control, rather short packages are used due to the short-latency requirements. Using Shannon’s formula leads in this case to inaccurate RRM solutions, thus another formula should be used to optimize radio resources in short block-length packet transmission, which is the basic of Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLCs). The stringent requirement of delay Quality of Service (QoS) for URLLCs requires a link-level channel model rather than a physical level channel model. After finding the basic and accurate formula of the achievable rate of short block-length packet transmission, the RRM optimization problem can be accurately formulated and solved under the new constraints of URLLCs. In this short paper, the current mathematical models, which are used in formulating the effective transmission rate of URLLCs, will be briefly explained. Then, using this rate in RRM for URLLC will be discussed. KW - Datennetz KW - URLLC KW - RRM KW - delay QoS exponent KW - decoding error rate KW - delay bound violation probability KW - short block-length KW - effective Bandwidth Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280859 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Raffeck, Simon A1 - Geißler, Stefan A1 - Hoßfeld, Tobias T1 - DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Self-Organizing LoRa Deployments T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - This work proposes a novel approach to disperse dense transmission intervals and reduce bursty traffic patterns without the need for centralized control. Furthermore, by keeping the mechanism as close to the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) standard as possible the suggested mechanism can be deployed within existing networks and can even be co-deployed with other devices. KW - Datennetz KW - LoRa Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280809 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dumic, Emil A1 - Bjelopera, Anamaria A1 - Nüchter, Andreas T1 - Dynamic point cloud compression based on projections, surface reconstruction and video compression JF - Sensors N2 - In this paper we will present a new dynamic point cloud compression based on different projection types and bit depth, combined with the surface reconstruction algorithm and video compression for obtained geometry and texture maps. Texture maps have been compressed after creating Voronoi diagrams. Used video compression is specific for geometry (FFV1) and texture (H.265/HEVC). Decompressed point clouds are reconstructed using a Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm. Comparison with the original point clouds was performed using point-to-point and point-to-plane measures. Comprehensive experiments show better performance for some projection maps: cylindrical, Miller and Mercator projections. KW - 3DTK toolkit KW - map projections KW - point cloud compression KW - point-to-point measure KW - point-to-plane measure KW - Poisson surface reconstruction KW - octree Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252231 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Werner, Elisabeth A1 - Dworschak, Wolfgang A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Ratz, Christoph T1 - Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen für Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Volljährige mit Intelligenzminderung JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Fragestellung: In Bayern leben etwa 10 % aller jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Heimeinrichtungen. 2016 wurde in Presseberichten der Vorwurf unzulässiger freiheitsentziehender Maßnahmen formuliert. Im Rahmen des Projekts REDUGIA wurde in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen eine repräsentative Erhebung zu freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen (FeM), herausforderndem Verhalten (hfV) und der Mitarbeiterbelastung (MaB) durchgeführt. Methodik: 65 Einrichtungen für junge Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Bayern wurde ein Fragebogen zu strukturellen Gegebenheiten sowie MaB, hfV und FeM zugesendet. Neben deskriptiven Auswertungen wurden korrelative Analysen bzw. Regressionsanalysen zum Zusammenhang zwischen hfV, FeM und MaB durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Es wurden Daten zu 1839 Personen in 61 Einrichtungen erhoben. 84.3 % der Einrichtungen berichteten geringe Raten an hfV und FeM, während 15.7 % ein gehäuftes Vorkommen von hfV und FeM angaben. Auf n = 1809 Vollzeitäquivalente kam es innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu 639 körperlichen Angriffen durch Bewohner_innen. In 12 Monaten wurden problemverhaltensassoziiert 85 Krankmeldungen sowie 33 Versetzungsanträge/Kündigungen berichtet. Es zeigte sich ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hfV und FeM (R² = .307, F = 21.719, p < .001). Die Mitarbeiterbelastung korrelierte positiv mit hfV (r = .507, p < .001). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studienbefunde weisen darauf hin, dass hfV sowie FeM bei jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung kein flächendeckendes Phänomen darstellen, sondern sich auf wenige spezialisierte Einrichtungen fokussieren. Mögliche Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Problemverhalten und Freiheitsentzug werden diskutiert. N2 - Objective: In Bavaria, around 10 % of youths with an intellectual disability (ID) live in residential facilities. In 2015, media raised accusations of inadmissible use of coercive measures. The REDUGIA project carried out a representative survey in Bavarian facilities regarding coercive measures (FeM), challenging behavior (hfV), and employee stress (MaB). Method: We sent a questionnaire concerning structural conditions, MaB, hfV and FeM to 65 Bavarian facilities for young people with ID. In addition to preparing descriptive evaluations, we performed correlative and regression analyses concerning the relationship between hfV, FeM, and MaB. Results: We retrieved data from 1,839 subjects in 61 facilities. 84.3 % of facilities reported low rates of hfV and FeM, while 15.7 % reported an increased incidence of hfV and FeM. For n = 1809 full-time position equivalents there were 639 physical attacks by residents over the course of 14 days. We observed 85 instances of sick leave and 33 transfer apllications/resignation associated with hfV. The frequency of hfV predicted the frequency of FeM (R² = 0.307, F = 21.719, p < .001). MaB correlated positively with hfV (r = 0.507, p < .001). Conclusions: The descriptive data indicate that hfV and FeM are not general phenomena but occur mainly in a circumscript number of highly specialized facilities. This emphasizes the need for prevention of hfV and FeM. T2 - Freedom-restricting measures in Bavarian residential facilities for children, adolescents, and young adults with intellectual disabilities KW - Geistige Behinderung KW - herausforderndes Verhalten KW - freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen KW - Heimeinrichtungen KW - Mitarbeiterbelastung KW - intellectual disability KW - challenging behavior KW - coercive measures KW - residential institutions KW - employee stress Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244859 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 49 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madeira, Octavia A1 - Gromer, Daniel A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich A1 - Pauli, Paul T1 - Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e., animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed vs. the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behaviors are conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety and also assessed the individuals’ levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking, and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for 5 min. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of standard handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia, and sensation seeking, no effect was detected. Also, subjects’ fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM. KW - elevated plus-maze KW - EPM KW - anxiety KW - virtual reality KW - translational neuroscience KW - acrophobia KW - trait anxiety Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258709 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienrich, Carolin A1 - Döllinger, Nina A1 - Hein, Rebecca T1 - Behavioral Framework of Immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT): How and why virtual reality can support behavioral change processes JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - The design and evaluation of assisting technologies to support behavior change processes have become an essential topic within the field of human-computer interaction research in general and the field of immersive intervention technologies in particular. The mechanisms and success of behavior change techniques and interventions are broadly investigated in the field of psychology. However, it is not always easy to adapt these psychological findings to the context of immersive technologies. The lack of theoretical foundation also leads to a lack of explanation as to why and how immersive interventions support behavior change processes. The Behavioral Framework for immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT) addresses this lack by 1) presenting an intelligible categorization and condensation of psychological barriers and immersive features, by 2) suggesting a mapping that shows why and how immersive technologies can help to overcome barriers and finally by 3) proposing a generic prediction path that enables a structured, theory-based approach to the development and evaluation of immersive interventions. These three steps explain how BehaveFIT can be used, and include guiding questions for each step. Further, two use cases illustrate the usage of BehaveFIT. Thus, the present paper contributes to guidance for immersive intervention design and evaluation, showing that immersive interventions support behavior change processes and explain and predict 'why' and 'how' immersive interventions can bridge the intention-behavior-gap. KW - immersive technologies KW - behavior change KW - intervention design KW - intervention evaluation KW - framework KW - virtual reality KW - intention-behavior-gap KW - human-computer interaction Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258796 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eidel, Matthias A1 - Kübler, Andrea T1 - Wheelchair Control in a Virtual Environment by Healthy Participants Using a P300-BCI Based on Tactile Stimulation: Training Effects and Usability JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Tactile stimulation is less frequently used than visual for brain-computer interface (BCI) control, partly because of limitations in speed and accuracy. Non-visual BCI paradigms, however, may be required for patients who struggle with vision dependent BCIs because of a loss of gaze control. With the present study, we attempted to replicate earlier results by Herweg et al. (2016), with several minor adjustments and a focus on training effects and usability. We invited 16 healthy participants and trained them with a 4-class tactile P300-based BCI in five sessions. Their main task was to navigate a virtual wheelchair through a 3D apartment using the BCI. We found significant training effects on information transfer rate (ITR), which increased from a mean of 3.10–9.50 bits/min. Further, both online and offline accuracies significantly increased with training from 65% to 86% and 70% to 95%, respectively. We found only a descriptive increase of P300 amplitudes at Fz and Cz with training. Furthermore, we report subjective data from questionnaires, which indicated a relatively high workload and moderate to high satisfaction. Although our participants have not achieved the same high performance as in the Herweg et al. (2016) study, we provide evidence for training effects on performance with a tactile BCI and confirm the feasibility of the paradigm. KW - brain-computer interface (BCI) KW - event-related-potential (ERP) KW - P300 KW - tactile KW - wheelchair control KW - tactually evoked potentials KW - replication Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207775 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herget, Ann-Kristin A1 - Bötzl, Franziska T1 - Sounds Like Respect. The Impact of Background Music on the Acceptance of Gay Men in Audio-Visual Advertising JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Companies increasingly seek to use gay protagonists in audio-visual commercials to attract a new affluent target group. There is also growing demand for the diversity present in society to be reflected in media formats such as advertising. Studies have shown, however, that heterosexual consumers (especially men), who may be part of the company's loyal consumer base, tend to react negatively to gay-themed advertising campaigns. Searching for an instrument to mitigate this unwanted effect, the present study investigated whether carefully selected background music can shape the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects online experiment (musical connotation × gender of the participant), 218 heterosexual participants watched a commercial promoting engagement rings that featured gay male protagonists, scored with feminine- or masculine-connoted background music. As expected, women generally reacted more positively than men to the advertising. Men exposed to the masculine-connoted background music rated the promoted brand more positively, and masculine music also enhanced (at least in the short term) these men's acceptance of gay men in general (low and medium effect sizes) more than was the case for feminine background music. Carefully selected background music affecting the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists may prevent negative reactions from heterosexual audiences and, therefore, motivate companies to use gay protagonists in television commercials on a more regular basis. KW - music KW - perception KW - advertising KW - musical stereotypes KW - acceptance of gay men Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237236 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Robin A1 - Reichert, Manfred A1 - Pryss, Rüdiger T1 - Towards the interpretation of sound measurements from smartphones collected with mobile crowdsensing in the healthcare domain: an experiment with Android devices JF - Sensors N2 - The ubiquity of mobile devices fosters the combined use of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and mobile crowdsensing (MCS) in the field of healthcare. This combination not only allows researchers to collect ecologically valid data, but also to use smartphone sensors to capture the context in which these data are collected. The TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) platform uses EMA to track users' individual subjective tinnitus perception and MCS to capture an objective environmental sound level while the EMA questionnaire is filled in. However, the sound level data cannot be used directly among the different smartphones used by TYT users, since uncalibrated raw values are stored. This work describes an approach towards making these values comparable. In the described setting, the evaluation of sensor measurements from different smartphone users becomes increasingly prevalent. Therefore, the shown approach can be also considered as a more general solution as it not only shows how it helped to interpret TYT sound level data, but may also stimulate other researchers, especially those who need to interpret sensor data in a similar setting. Altogether, the approach will show that measuring sound levels with mobile devices is possible in healthcare scenarios, but there are many challenges to ensuring that the measured values are interpretable. KW - mHealth KW - crowdsensing KW - tinnitus KW - noise measurement KW - environmental sound Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252246 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunz, Julius A1 - Kneisel, Christof T1 - Glacier − Permafrost Interaction at a Thrust Moraine Complex in the Glacier Forefield Muragl, Swiss Alps JF - Geosciences N2 - The internal structures of a moraine complex mostly provide information about the manner in which they develop and thus they can transmit details about several processes long after they have taken place. While the occurrence of glacier–permafrost interactions during the formation of large thrust moraine complexes at polar and subpolar glaciers as well as at marginal positions of former ice sheets has been well understood, their role in the formation of moraines on comparatively small alpine glaciers is still very poorly investigated. Therefore, the question arises as to whether evidence of former glacier–permafrost interactions can still be found in glacier forefields of small alpine glaciers and to what extent these differ from the processes in finer materials at larger polar or subpolar glaciers. To investigate this, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were carried out in the area of a presumed alpine thrust moraine complex in order to investigate internal moraine structures. The ERT data confirmed the presence of a massive ice core within the central and proximal parts of the moraine complex. Using GPR, linear internal structures were detected, which were interpreted as internal shear planes due to their extent and orientation. These shear planes lead to the assumption that the moraine complex is of glaciotectonic origin. Based on the detected internal structures and the high electrical resistivity values, it must also be assumed that the massive ice core is of sedimentary or polygenetic origin. The combined approach of the two methods enabled the authors of this study to detect different internal structures and to deduce a conceptual model of the thrust moraine formation. KW - mountain permafrost KW - glacier–permafrost interaction KW - thrust moraine KW - near surface geophysics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205830 SN - 2076-3263 VL - 10 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ankenbrand, Markus J. A1 - Shainberg, Liliia A1 - Hock, Michael A1 - Lohr, David A1 - Schreiber, Laura M. T1 - Sensitivity analysis for interpretation of machine learning based segmentation models in cardiac MRI JF - BMC Medical Imaging N2 - Background Image segmentation is a common task in medical imaging e.g., for volumetry analysis in cardiac MRI. Artificial neural networks are used to automate this task with performance similar to manual operators. However, this performance is only achieved in the narrow tasks networks are trained on. Performance drops dramatically when data characteristics differ from the training set properties. Moreover, neural networks are commonly considered black boxes, because it is hard to understand how they make decisions and why they fail. Therefore, it is also hard to predict whether they will generalize and work well with new data. Here we present a generic method for segmentation model interpretation. Sensitivity analysis is an approach where model input is modified in a controlled manner and the effect of these modifications on the model output is evaluated. This method yields insights into the sensitivity of the model to these alterations and therefore to the importance of certain features on segmentation performance. Results We present an open-source Python library (misas), that facilitates the use of sensitivity analysis with arbitrary data and models. We show that this method is a suitable approach to answer practical questions regarding use and functionality of segmentation models. We demonstrate this in two case studies on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The first case study explores the suitability of a published network for use on a public dataset the network has not been trained on. The second case study demonstrates how sensitivity analysis can be used to evaluate the robustness of a newly trained model. Conclusions Sensitivity analysis is a useful tool for deep learning developers as well as users such as clinicians. It extends their toolbox, enabling and improving interpretability of segmentation models. Enhancing our understanding of neural networks through sensitivity analysis also assists in decision making. Although demonstrated only on cardiac magnetic resonance images this approach and software are much more broadly applicable. KW - deep learning KW - neural networks KW - cardiac magnetic resonance KW - sensitivity analysis KW - transformations KW - augmentation KW - segmentation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259169 VL - 21 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Birte A1 - Keller, Alexander A1 - Leonhardt, Sara Diana T1 - Diets maintained in a changing world: Does land-use intensification alter wild bee communities by selecting for flexible generalists? JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Biodiversity loss, as often found in intensively managed agricultural landscapes, correlates with reduced ecosystem functioning, for example, pollination by insects, and with altered plant composition, diversity, and abundance. But how does this change in floral resource diversity and composition relate to occurrence and resource use patterns of trap-nesting solitary bees? To better understand the impact of land-use intensification on communities of trap-nesting solitary bees in managed grasslands, we investigated their pollen foraging, reproductive fitness, and the nutritional quality of larval food along a land-use intensity gradient in Germany. We found bee species diversity to decrease with increasing land-use intensity irrespective of region-specific community compositions and interaction networks. Land use also strongly affected the diversity and composition of pollen collected by bees. Lack of suitable pollen sources likely explains the absence of several bee species at sites of high land-use intensity. The only species present throughout, Osmia bicornis (red mason bee), foraged on largely different pollen sources across sites. In doing so, it maintained a relatively stable, albeit variable nutritional quality of larval diets (i.e., protein to lipid (P:L) ratio). The observed changes in bee–plant pollen interaction patterns indicate that only the flexible generalists, such as O. bicornis, may be able to compensate the strong alterations in floral resource landscapes and to obtain food of sufficient quality through readily shifting to alternative plant sources. In contrast, other, less flexible, bee species disappear. KW - bee decline KW - biodiversity exploratories KW - foraging KW - metabarcoding KW - pollen nutrients KW - solitary bees Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312786 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Nathalie A1 - Demolombe, Vincent A1 - Hem, Sonia A1 - Rofidal, Valérie A1 - Steinmann, Laura A1 - Krouk, Gabriel A1 - Crabos, Amandine A1 - Nacry, Philippe A1 - Verdoucq, Lionel A1 - Santoni, Véronique T1 - Root membrane ubiquitinome under short-term osmotic stress JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Osmotic stress can be detrimental to plants, whose survival relies heavily on proteomic plasticity. Protein ubiquitination is a central post-translational modification in osmotic-mediated stress. In this study, we used the K-Ɛ-GG antibody enrichment method integrated with high-resolution mass spectrometry to compile a list of 719 ubiquitinated lysine (K-Ub) residues from 450 Arabidopsis root membrane proteins (58% of which are transmembrane proteins), thereby adding to the database of ubiquitinated substrates in plants. Although no ubiquitin (Ub) motifs could be identified, the presence of acidic residues close to K-Ub was revealed. Our ubiquitinome analysis pointed to a broad role of ubiquitination in the internalization and sorting of cargo proteins. Moreover, the simultaneous proteome and ubiquitinome quantification showed that ubiquitination is mostly not involved in membrane protein degradation in response to short osmotic treatment but that it is putatively involved in protein internalization, as described for the aquaporin PIP2;1. Our in silico analysis of ubiquitinated proteins shows that two E2 Ub-conjugating enzymes, UBC32 and UBC34, putatively target membrane proteins under osmotic stress. Finally, we revealed a positive role for UBC32 and UBC34 in primary root growth under osmotic stress. KW - aquaporin KW - mass spectrometry KW - osmotic stress KW - ubiquitination Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284003 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vedder, Daniel A1 - Lens, Luc A1 - Martin, Claudia A. A1 - Pellikka, Petri A1 - Adhikari, Hari A1 - Heiskanen, Janne A1 - Engler, Jan O. A1 - Sarmento Cabral, Juliano T1 - Hybridization may aid evolutionary rescue of an endangered East African passerine JF - Evolutionary Applications N2 - Abstract Introgressive hybridization is a process that enables gene flow across species barriers through the backcrossing of hybrids into a parent population. This may make genetic material, potentially including relevant environmental adaptations, rapidly available in a gene pool. Consequently, it has been postulated to be an important mechanism for enabling evolutionary rescue, that is the recovery of threatened populations through rapid evolutionary adaptation to novel environments. However, predicting the likelihood of such evolutionary rescue for individual species remains challenging. Here, we use the example of Zosterops silvanus, an endangered East African highland bird species suffering from severe habitat loss and fragmentation, to investigate whether hybridization with its congener Zosterops flavilateralis might enable evolutionary rescue of its Taita Hills population. To do so, we employ an empirically parameterized individual‐based model to simulate the species' behaviour, physiology and genetics. We test the population's response to different assumptions of mating behaviour and multiple scenarios of habitat change. We show that as long as hybridization does take place, evolutionary rescue of Z. silvanus is likely. Intermediate hybridization rates enable the greatest long‐term population growth, due to trade‐offs between adaptive and maladaptive introgressed alleles. Habitat change did not have a strong effect on population growth rates, as Z. silvanus is a strong disperser and landscape configuration is therefore not the limiting factor for hybridization. Our results show that targeted gene flow may be a promising avenue to help accelerate the adaptation of endangered species to novel environments, and demonstrate how to combine empirical research and mechanistic modelling to deliver species‐specific predictions for conservation planning. KW - evolutionary rescue KW - habitat change KW - individual‐based model KW - introgressive hybridization KW - Taita Hills KW - Zosterops silvanus Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287264 VL - 15 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marquardt, André A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Krebs, Markus A1 - Argentiero, Antonella A1 - Knott, Markus A1 - Solimando, Antonio Giovanni A1 - Kerscher, Alexander Georg T1 - Visual clustering of transcriptomic data from primary and metastatic tumors — dependencies and novel pitfalls JF - Genes N2 - Personalized oncology is a rapidly evolving area and offers cancer patients therapy options that are more specific than ever. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding transcriptomic similarities or differences of metastases and corresponding primary sites. Applying two unsupervised dimension reduction methods (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP)) on three datasets of metastases (n = 682 samples) with three different data transformations (unprocessed, log10 as well as log10 + 1 transformed values), we visualized potential underlying clusters. Additionally, we analyzed two datasets (n = 616 samples) containing metastases and primary tumors of one entity, to point out potential familiarities. Using these methods, no tight link between the site of resection and cluster formation outcome could be demonstrated, or for datasets consisting of solely metastasis or mixed datasets. Instead, dimension reduction methods and data transformation significantly impacted visual clustering results. Our findings strongly suggest data transformation to be considered as another key element in the interpretation of visual clustering approaches along with initialization and different parameters. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for a more thorough examination of parameters used in the analysis of clusters. KW - visual clustering KW - t-SNE KW - UMAP KW - transcriptomic analysis KW - cancer KW - metastasis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281872 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 13 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Moritz A1 - Brambrink, Sara A1 - Benditz, Achim A1 - Achenbach, Leonard A1 - Gehentges, Matthias A1 - König, Matthias Alexander T1 - Increase in lower limb strength after multimodal pain management in patients with low back pain JF - Medicina N2 - Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal pain therapy (MPM) regarding the objective parameter muscle strength of segment-dependent lower limb muscle groups before and after such a treatment. Materials and Methods: 52 patients with a history of low back pain and/or leg pain received standardized multimodal pain management. Strength of segment indicating lower limb muscles were assessed for each patient before and after ten days of treatment by handheld dynamometry. Results: Overall strength increased significantly from 23.6 kg ± 6.6 prior to treatment to 25.4 ± 7.3 after treatment, p ≤ 0.001. All muscle groups significantly increased in strength with exception of great toe extensors. Conclusions: Despite lower basic strength values at the beginning of treatment, all investigated muscle groups, except for the great toe extensors, showed a significant increase of overall strength after completion of the multimodal pain management concept. Increased overall strength could help with avoiding further need of medical care by supporting patients’ autonomy in daily life activities, as well as maintaining working abilities. Thus, our study is the first to show a significant positive influence on lower limb strength in patients with low back pain after a conservative MPM program. KW - multimodal pain management KW - low back pain KW - muscle strength KW - dynamometer Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284264 SN - 1648-9144 VL - 58 IS - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khapai, YS Sochuiwon Priscilla ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Rethinking the Culture of Education with Raymond Williams T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Willams, Raymond KW - Alltagskultur KW - Bildung KW - Indien KW - cultural studies KW - Williams, Raymond KW - ordinary culture KW - education KW - India Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305854 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Koch, Louisa ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Cultural Studies as a Question of Stance T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Internationalität KW - Alltagskultur KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty KW - cultural studies KW - internationalism KW - ordinary culture KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305845 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jetter, Tobias ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Introduction : Global Cultural Studies? T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Globalisierung KW - Kulturtheorie KW - Kulturpolitik KW - Sozialphilosophie KW - cultural studies KW - globalization KW - cultural theory KW - cultural politics KW - social philosophy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305815 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jetter, Tobias A1 - Ackermann, Zeno A1 - Snyder-Körber, MaryAnn ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Acknowledgements T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - cultural studies Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305790 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. A1 - Oberdörfer, Sebastian A1 - von Mammen, Sebastian A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich A1 - Lugrin, Birgit T1 - Joyful adventures and frightening places – designing emotion-inducing virtual environments JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - Virtual environments (VEs) can evoke and support emotions, as experienced when playing emotionally arousing games. We theoretically approach the design of fear and joy evoking VEs based on a literature review of empirical studies on virtual and real environments as well as video games’ reviews and content analyses. We define the design space and identify central design elements that evoke specific positive and negative emotions. Based on that, we derive and present guidelines for emotion-inducing VE design with respect to design themes, colors and textures, and lighting configurations. To validate our guidelines in two user studies, we 1) expose participants to 360° videos of VEs designed following the individual guidelines and 2) immerse them in a neutral, positive and negative emotion-inducing VEs combining all respective guidelines in Virtual Reality. The results support our theoretically derived guidelines by revealing significant differences in terms of fear and joy induction. KW - virtual reality KW - virtual environments KW - immersion KW - emotions KW - design Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284831 SN - 2673-4192 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Imhoff, Johannes F. A1 - Rahn, Tanja A1 - Künzel, Sven A1 - Keller, Alexander A1 - Neulinger, Sven C. T1 - Osmotic adaptation and compatible solute biosynthesis of phototrophic bacteria as revealed from genome analyses JF - Microorganisms N2 - Osmotic adaptation and accumulation of compatible solutes is a key process for life at high osmotic pressure and elevated salt concentrations. Most important solutes that can protect cell structures and metabolic processes at high salt concentrations are glycine betaine and ectoine. The genome analysis of more than 130 phototrophic bacteria shows that biosynthesis of glycine betaine is common among marine and halophilic phototrophic Proteobacteria and their chemotrophic relatives, as well as in representatives of Pirellulaceae and Actinobacteria, but are also found in halophilic Cyanobacteria and Chloroherpeton thalassium. This ability correlates well with the successful toleration of extreme salt concentrations. Freshwater bacteria in general lack the possibilities to synthesize and often also to take up these compounds. The biosynthesis of ectoine is found in the phylogenetic lines of phototrophic Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, most prominent in the Halorhodospira species and a number of Rhodobacteraceae. It is also common among Streptomycetes and Bacilli. The phylogeny of glycine-sarcosine methyltransferase (GMT) and diaminobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase (EctB) sequences correlate well with otherwise established phylogenetic groups. Most significantly, GMT sequences of cyanobacteria form two major phylogenetic branches and the branch of Halorhodospira species is distinct from all other Ectothiorhodospiraceae. A variety of transport systems for osmolytes are present in the studied bacteria. KW - genomes of photosynthetic bacteria KW - glycine betaine biosynthesis KW - ectoine biosynthesis KW - osmotic adaptation KW - phylogeny of osmolyte biosynthesis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220161 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 9 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Britz, Sebastian A1 - Markert, Sebastian Matthias A1 - Witvliet, Daniel A1 - Steyer, Anna Maria A1 - Tröger, Sarah A1 - Mulcahy, Ben A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Schwab, Yannick A1 - Zhen, Mei A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - Structural Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larval Anterior Sensilla by Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy JF - Frontiers in Neuroanatomy N2 - At the end of the first larval stage, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans developing in harsh environmental conditions is able to choose an alternative developmental path called the dauer diapause. Dauer larvae exhibit different physiology and behaviors from non-dauer larvae. Using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we volumetrically reconstructed the anterior sensory apparatus of C. elegans dauer larvae with unprecedented precision. We provide a detailed description of some neurons, focusing on structural details that were unknown or unresolved by previously published studies. They include the following: (1) dauer-specific branches of the IL2 sensory neurons project into the periphery of anterior sensilla and motor or putative sensory neurons at the sub-lateral cords; (2) ciliated endings of URX sensory neurons are supported by both ILso and AMso socket cells near the amphid openings; (3) variability in amphid sensory dendrites among dauers; and (4) somatic RIP interneurons maintain their projection into the pharyngeal nervous system. Our results support the notion that dauer larvae structurally expand their sensory system to facilitate searching for more favorable environments. KW - FIB-SEM KW - 3D reconstruction KW - neuroanatomy KW - IL2 branching KW - amphids KW - Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) KW - dauer Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249622 SN - 1662-5129 VL - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Martin A1 - Paul, Mila M. A1 - Proppert, Sven A1 - Mrestani, Achmed A1 - Sharifi, Marzieh A1 - Repp, Felix A1 - Kürzinger, Lydia A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Heckmann, Manfred A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena T1 - Targeted volumetric single-molecule localization microscopy of defined presynaptic structures in brain sections JF - Communications Biology N2 - Revealing the molecular organization of anatomically precisely defined brain regions is necessary for refined understanding of synaptic plasticity. Although three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization microscopy can provide the required resolution, imaging more than a few micrometers deep into tissue remains challenging. To quantify presynaptic active zones (AZ) of entire, large, conditional detonator hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) boutons with diameters as large as 10 mu m, we developed a method for targeted volumetric direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). An optimized protocol for fast repeated axial scanning and efficient sequential labeling of the AZ scaffold Bassoon and membrane bound GFP with Alexa Fluor 647 enabled 3D-dSTORM imaging of 25 mu m thick mouse brain sections and assignment of AZs to specific neuronal substructures. Quantitative data analysis revealed large differences in Bassoon cluster size and density for distinct hippocampal regions with largest clusters in MF boutons. Pauli et al. develop targeted volumetric dSTORM in order to image large hippocampal mossy fiber boutons (MFBs) in brain slices. They can identify synaptic targets of individual MFBs and measured size and density of Bassoon clusters within individual untruncated MFBs at nanoscopic resolution. KW - mossy fiber synapses KW - CA3 pyrimidal cells KW - CA2+ channels KW - active zone KW - hippocampal KW - release KW - plasticity KW - proteins KW - platform KW - reveals Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259830 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vedder, Daniel A1 - Ankenbrand, Markus A1 - Sarmento Cabral, Juliano T1 - Dealing with software complexity in individual‐based models JF - Methods in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Individual-based models are doubly complex: as well as representing complex ecological systems, the software that implements them is complex in itself. Both forms of complexity must be managed to create reliable models. However, the ecological modelling literature to date has focussed almost exclusively on the biological complexity. Here, we discuss methods for containing software complexity. Strategies for containing complexity include avoiding, subdividing, documenting and reviewing it. Computer science has long-established techniques for all of these strategies. We present some of these techniques and set them in the context of IBM development, giving examples from published models. Techniques for avoiding software complexity are following best practices for coding style, choosing suitable programming languages and file formats and setting up an automated workflow. Complex software systems can be made more tractable by encapsulating individual subsystems. Good documentation needs to take into account the perspectives of scientists, users and developers. Code reviews are an effective way to check for errors, and can be used together with manual or automated unit and integration tests. Ecological modellers can learn from computer scientists how to deal with complex software systems. Many techniques are readily available, but must be disseminated among modellers. There is a need for further work to adapt software development techniques to the requirements of academic research groups and individual-based modelling. KW - software development KW - ecological modelling KW - individual-based models KW - model complexity KW - research software engineering KW - software complexity Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258214 VL - 12 IS - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saundarya, ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Food Cultures: Dynamics of Caste, Gender, Religion, and Class in India T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Nahrung KW - Kaste KW - Geschlecht KW - Religion KW - cultural studies KW - food cultures KW - caste system KW - gender KW - religion Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305901 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantraraj, Sudeeti Geeta ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Strategies for Survival and Resources for Resistance T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Indien KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Hall, Stuart KW - Jameson, Frederic KW - cultural studies KW - India KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Hall, Stuart KW - Jameson, Frederic Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305948 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döring, Adrian ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - A New International T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Marxismus KW - Internationalität KW - Subjektivität KW - Widerstand KW - cultural studies KW - Marxist theory KW - internationalism KW - subjectivity KW - subversiveness Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305898 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bobineau, Julien ED - Callsen, Berit ED - Gold, Martina ED - Goldmann, Julius ED - Hesselbach, Robert ED - Hornung, Christoph ED - Meisnitzer, Benjamin ED - Ravasio, Paola T1 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik. Band 2 T2 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Die Zeitschrift promptus – Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik richtet sich an alle NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen im Bereich der romanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Fachdidaktik. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist die Förderung der romanistischen Forschung im Allgemeinen und des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses der Romanistik im Besonderen. Sie versteht sich damit als Impulsgeber für junge romanistische Forschung, ohne sich dabei thematisch zu beschränken. KW - Romanistik KW - Literaturwissenschaft KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs KW - Zeitschrift Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161247 SN - 978-3-946101-01-7 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 2/2016 ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bobineau, Julien ED - Dembruk, Sofina ED - Eibensteiner, Lukas ED - Goldmann, Julius ED - Hesselbach, Robert ED - Koch, Christian ED - Ravasio, Paola T1 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik. Band 6 (2020) T2 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Die Zeitschrift promptus – Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik erscheint einmal jährlich und wird durch den gemeinnützigen Verein promptus e.V. herausgegeben. Sie richtet sich an alle Nachwuchswissenschaftler im Bereich der romanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Fachdidaktik und bietet diesen die Möglichkeit, in einem frühen Stadium ihrer akademischen Laufbahn qualitativ hochwertige Arbeiten zu publizieren. Zudem versteht sich die Zeitschrift als Impulsgeber für junge romanistische Forschung, ohne sich dabei thematisch zu beschränken. KW - Literaturwissenschaft KW - Medien-/Kulturwissenschaft KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Fachdidaktik KW - Romanistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-243951 SN - 978-3-946101-04-8 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 6/2020 ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bobineau, Julien ED - Callsen, Berit ED - Goldmann, Julius ED - Hesselbach, Robert ED - Hornung, Christoph ED - Koch, Christian ED - Ravasio, Paola T1 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik. Band 4 (2018) T2 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Die Zeitschrift promptus – Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik richtet sich an alle NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen im Bereich der romanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Fachdidaktik. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist die Förderung der romanistischen Forschung im Allgemeinen und des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses der Romanistik im Besonderen. Sie versteht sich damit als Impulsgeber für junge romanistische Forschung, ohne sich dabei thematisch zu beschränken. KW - Literaturwissenschaft KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Romanistik KW - Zeitschrift KW - wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187883 SN - 978-3-946101-03-1 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 4/2018 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klein, Wolf Peter T1 - Die Lexica facultatum et artium von J. H. Alsted BT - Versuch einer Explikation des Sprachfundaments vormoderner Wissenschaft T2 - Vernakuläre Wissenschaftskommunikation : Beiträge zur Entstehung und Frühgeschichte der modernen deutschen Wissenschaftssprachen N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Deutsch KW - Wissenschaftssprache KW - Geschichte Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268596 PB - Walter de Gruyter CY - Berlin u.a. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leschzyk, Dinah T1 - Corona-Kommunikation. Wie Jair Bolsonaro die Wissenschaft diskreditiert und Verschwörungstheorien befeuert JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This article deals with discursive and argumentative strategies used by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to bring science in discredit during the 2020’s COVID-19-pandemic. Based on official statements and Tweets launched over the crisis the Discourse-Historical Approach is applied to make strategies brought into play by Bolsonaro visible. While the President declares scientific advice such as distancing and quarantine as ineffective, he recommends the use of hydroxychloroquine as well as old fashioned prayers for staying safe and healthy. He evokes that there are «fake news» and «partners of paralysis», to which he responds by demasking and bringing the one and only truth towards «the people». The analysis points out that Bolsonaro is downplaying the virus and the risk of transmission and puts the economy ahead of health. His supporters as a consequence tend to ignore the WHO recommendations how to behave during the pandemic. KW - COVID-19 KW - Coronavirus KW - Jair Bolsonaro KW - anti-science KW - discursive strategy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244271 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raab, Philipp T1 - Diskursmarker in den iberoromanischen Sprachen: Definition, Identifikation, Klassifikation JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Over the past few decades, a multitude of scientific research has been published on the topic of discourse markers, intending to define this linguistic phenomenon. Despite this increase of interest in discourse markers, fundamental questions pivotal to a clear definition remain unanswered. On basis of an empirical analysis of Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan discussions, this essay sets out to demonstrate that combining of the two prevailing research approaches (formal-syntactical vs. functional-pragmatic) has advantageous effects on the definition of discourse markers. KW - Diskursmarker KW - Spanisch KW - Portugiesisch KW - Katalanisch KW - Diskursmarker KW - Diskurspartikel KW - Spanisch KW - Portugiesisch KW - Katalanisch Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187983 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hornung, Christoph A1 - Hesselbach, Robert T1 - Interview mit Prof. em. Dr. Theodor Berchem JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Prof. em. Dr. Theodor Berchem (*1935) promovierte 1963 in Paris und habilitierte sich 1966 an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. Von 1967 bis 2003 war er Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Romanische Sprachwissenschaft an der Universität Würzburg. Daneben bekleidete er eine große Anzahl weiterer Ämter: Er war Präsident der Universität Würzburg (1975-2003), Präsident des DAAD (1988-2007), Vorsitzender der Bayerischen Rektorenkonferenz (1978-1982) sowie Vizepräsident (1979-1983) und Präsident (1983-1987) der Westdeutschen Rektorenkonferenz. Zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten gehören Dialektologie, Phonetik/Phonologie, Morphosyntax, Stilistik und Wortgeschichte. KW - wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs KW - Biographisches Interview KW - Hochschulpolitik KW - Romanistik KW - Karriere Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161239 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robinson, Thomas M. A1 - Hutmacher, Dietmar W. A1 - Dalton, Paul D. T1 - The next frontier in melt electrospinning: taming the jet JF - Advanced Functional Materials N2 - There is a specialized niche for the electrohydrodynamic jetting of melts, from biomedical products to filtration and soft matter applications. The next frontier includes optics, microfluidics, flexible electronic devices, and soft network composites in biomaterial science and soft robotics. The recent emphasis on reproducibly direct‐writing continual molten jets has enabled a spectrum of contemporary microscale 3D objects to be fabricated. One strong suit of melt processing is the capacity for the jet to solidify rapidly into a fiber, thus fixing a particular structure into position. The ability to direct‐write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures has greatly contributed to a large number of recent studies, explicitly, toward fiber–hydrogel composites and fugitive inks, and has expanded into several biomedical applications such as cartilage, skin, periosteum, and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Following the footsteps of a publication that summarized melt electrowriting literature up to 2015, the most recent literature from then until now is reviewed to provide a continuous and comprehensive timeline that demonstrates the latest advances as well as new perspectives for this emerging technology. KW - 3D printing KW - additive manufacturing KW - eletrhydrodynamic KW - melt electrospinning writing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204819 VL - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Widmann, Annekathrin A1 - Artinger, Marc A1 - Biesinger, Lukas A1 - Boepple, Kathrin A1 - Peters, Christina A1 - Schlechter, Jana A1 - Selcho, Mareike A1 - Thum, Andreas S. T1 - Genetic Dissection of Aversive Associative Olfactory Learning and Memory in Drosophila Larvae JF - PLoS Genetics N2 - Memory formation is a highly complex and dynamic process. It consists of different phases, which depend on various neuronal and molecular mechanisms. In adult Drosophila it was shown that memory formation after aversive Pavlovian conditioning includes—besides other forms—a labile short-term component that consolidates within hours to a longer-lasting memory. Accordingly, memory formation requires the timely controlled action of different neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and molecules that were initially identified by classical forward genetic approaches. Compared to adult Drosophila, memory formation was only sporadically analyzed at its larval stage. Here we deconstruct the larval mnemonic organization after aversive olfactory conditioning. We show that after odor-high salt conditioning larvae form two parallel memory phases; a short lasting component that depends on cyclic adenosine 3’5’-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and synapsin gene function. In addition, we show for the first time for Drosophila larvae an anesthesia resistant component, which relies on radish and bruchpilot gene function, protein kinase C activity, requires presynaptic output of mushroom body Kenyon cells and dopamine function. Given the numerical simplicity of the larval nervous system this work offers a unique prospect for studying memory formation of defined specifications, at full-brain scope with single-cell, and single-synapse resolution. KW - genetic dissection KW - Drosophila KW - memory formation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166672 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Alice A1 - Meyer, Hanna A1 - Otte, Insa A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Appelhans, Tim A1 - Behler, Christina A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Classen, Alice A1 - Detsch, Florian A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Eardley, Connal D. A1 - Ferger, Stefan W. A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gebert, Friederike A1 - Haas, Michael A1 - Helbig-Bonitz, Maria A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Hemp, Claudia A1 - Kakengi, Victor A1 - Mayr, Antonia V. A1 - Ngereza, Christine A1 - Reudenbach, Christoph A1 - Röder, Juliane A1 - Rutten, Gemma A1 - Schellenberger Costa, David A1 - Schleuning, Matthias A1 - Ssymank, Axel A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Tardanico, Joseph A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R. A1 - Wöllauer, Stephan A1 - Zhang, Jie A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Nauss, Thomas T1 - Potential of airborne LiDAR derived vegetation structure for the prediction of animal species richness at Mount Kilimanjaro JF - Remote Sensing N2 - The monitoring of species and functional diversity is of increasing relevance for the development of strategies for the conservation and management of biodiversity. Therefore, reliable estimates of the performance of monitoring techniques across taxa become important. Using a unique dataset, this study investigates the potential of airborne LiDAR-derived variables characterizing vegetation structure as predictors for animal species richness at the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. To disentangle the structural LiDAR information from co-factors related to elevational vegetation zones, LiDAR-based models were compared to the predictive power of elevation models. 17 taxa and 4 feeding guilds were modeled and the standardized study design allowed for a comparison across the assemblages. Results show that most taxa (14) and feeding guilds (3) can be predicted best by elevation with normalized RMSE values but only for three of those taxa and two of those feeding guilds the difference to other models is significant. Generally, modeling performances between different models vary only slightly for each assemblage. For the remaining, structural information at most showed little additional contribution to the performance. In summary, LiDAR observations can be used for animal species prediction. However, the effort and cost of aerial surveys are not always in proportion with the prediction quality, especially when the species distribution follows zonal patterns, and elevation information yields similar results. KW - biodiversity KW - species richness KW - LiDAR KW - elevation KW - partial least square regression KW - arthropods KW - birds KW - bats KW - predictive modeling Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262251 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stauss, Dennis A1 - Brunner, Cornelia A1 - Berberich-Siebelt, Friederike A1 - Höpken, Uta E. A1 - Lipp, Martin A1 - Müller, Gerd T1 - The transcriptional coactivator Bob1 promotes the development of follicular T helper cells via Bcl6 JF - Embo Journal N2 - Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are key regulators of the germinal center reaction and long-term humoral immunity. Tfh cell differentiation requires the sustained expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6; however, its regulation in CD4\(^+\) T cells is incompletely understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator Bob1, encoded by the Pou2af1 gene, promotes Bcl6 expression and Tfh cell development. We found that Bob1 together with the octamer transcription factors Oct1/Oct2 can directly bind to and transactivate the Bcl6 and Btla promoters. Mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Bob1 is required for the expression of normal levels of Bcl6 and BTLA, thereby controlling the pool size and composition of the Tfh compartment in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Our data indicate that T cell-expressed Bob1 is directly involved in Tfh cell differentiation and required for mounting normal T cell-dependent B-cell responses. KW - follicular T helper cells KW - germinal center KW - humoral immunity KW - Pou2af1 KW - T cell differentiation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189506 VL - 35 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Hanna A1 - Titze, Stephanie I. A1 - Hübner, Silvia A1 - Busch, Martin A1 - Schlieper, Georg A1 - Schultheiss, Ulla T. A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Krane, Vera A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Köttgen, Anna T1 - Heart Failure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The GCKD Study JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for development and progression of heart failure (HF). CKD and HF share common risk factors, but few data exist on the prevalence, signs and symptoms as well as correlates of HF in populations with CKD of moderate severity. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of HF in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study, a large observational prospective study. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 5,015 GCKD patients aged 18-74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m\(^{2}\) or with an eGFR >= 60 and overt proteinuria (>500 mg/d). We evaluated a definition of HF based on the Gothenburg score, a clinical HF score used in epidemiological studies (Gothenburg HF), and self-reported HF. Factors associated with HF were identified using multivariable adjusted logistic regression. The prevalence of Gothenburg HF was 43% (ranging from 24% in those with eGFR >90 to 59% in those with eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2). The corresponding estimate for self-reported HF was 18% (range 5%-24%). Lower eGFR was significantly and independently associated with the Gothenburg definition of HF (p-trend <0.001). Additional significantly associated correlates included older age, female gender, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, anemia, sleep apnea, and lower educational status. Conclusions The burden of self-reported and Gothenburg HF among patients with CKD is high. The proportion of patients who meet the criteria for Gothenburg HF in a European cohort of patients with moderate CKD is more than twice as high as the prevalence of self-reported HF. However, because of the shared signs, symptoms and medications of HF and CKD, the Gothenburg score cannot be used to reliably define HF in CKD patients. Our results emphasize the need for early screening for HF in patients with CKD. KW - global outcomes KW - cardiovascularm disease KW - consensus conference KW - men born KW - insufficiency KW - epidemiology KW - European Society KW - atherosclerosis risk KW - United States KW - glomerular filtration rate KW - KDIGO Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143315 VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granath, Tim A1 - Löbmann, Peer A1 - Mandel, Karl T1 - Oxidative Precipitation as a Versatile Method to Obtain Ferromagnetic Fe\(_{3}\)O\(_{4}\) Nano‐ and Mesocrystals Adjustable in Morphology and Magnetic Properties JF - Particle & Particle Systems Characterization N2 - Oxidative precipitation is a facile synthesis method to obtain ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from ferrous salts—with unexplored potential. The concentration of base and oxidant alone strongly affects the particle's structure and thus their magnetic properties despite the same material, magnetite (Fe\(_{3}\)O\(_{4}\)), is obtained when precipitated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) from ferrous sulfate (FeSO\(_{4}\)) and treated with potassium nitrate (KNO\(_{3}\)) at appropriate temperature. Depending on the potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate concentrations, it is possible to obtain a series of different types of either single crystals or mesocrystals. The time‐dependent mesocrystal evolution can be revealed via electron microscopy and provides insights into the process of oriented attachment, yielding faceted particles, showing a facet‐dependent reactivity. It is found that it is the nitrate and hydroxide concentration that influences the ligand exchange process and thus the crystallization pathways. The presence of sulfate ions contributes to the mesocrystal evolution as well, as sulfate apparently hinders further crystal fusion, as revealed via infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it is found that nitrite, as one possible and ecologically highly relevant reduction product occurring in nature in context with iron, only evolves if the reaction is quantitative. KW - colloidal nanostructures KW - nanoparticle aggregation KW - non‐classical crystallization KW - oriented attachment Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224419 VL - 38 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Ulyshen, Mike A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Cadotte, Marc A1 - Chao, Anne A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Hagge, Jonas A1 - Weiß, Ingmar A1 - Baldrian, Petr A1 - Tláskal, Vojtěch A1 - Thorn, Simon T1 - Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent JF - Oikos N2 - The evolutionary split between gymnosperms and angiosperms has far‐reaching implications for the current communities colonizing trees. The inherent characteristics of dead wood include its role as a spatially scattered habitat of plant tissue, transient in time. Thus, local assemblages in deadwood forming a food web in a necrobiome should be affected not only by dispersal ability but also by host tree identity, the decay stage and local abiotic conditions. However, experiments simultaneously manipulating these potential community drivers in deadwood are lacking. To disentangle the importance of spatial distance and microclimate, as well as host identity and decay stage as drivers of local assemblages, we conducted two consecutive experiments, a 2‐tree species and 6‐tree species experiment with 80 and 72 tree logs, respectively, located in canopy openings and under closed canopies of a montane and a lowland forest. We sampled saproxylic beetles, spiders, fungi and bacterial assemblages from logs. Variation partitioning for community metrics based on a unified framework of Hill numbers showed consistent results for both studies: host identity was most important for sporocarp‐detected fungal assemblages, decay stage and host tree for DNA‐detected fungal assemblages, microclimate and decay stage for beetles and spiders and decay stage for bacteria. Spatial distance was of minor importance for most taxa but showed the strongest effects for arthropods. The contrasting patterns among the taxa highlight the need for multi‐taxon analyses in identifying the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of community composition. Moreover, the consistent finding of microclimate as the primary driver for saproxylic beetles compared to host identity shows, for the first time that existing evolutionary host adaptions can be outcompeted by local climate conditions in deadwood. KW - deadwood experiments KW - dispersal KW - forest management KW - habitat filter KW - wood-inhabiting fungi Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228201 VL - 129 IS - 10 SP - 1579 EP - 1588 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Janssen, Jan P. A1 - Hoffmann, Jan V. A1 - Kanno, Takayuki A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Grunz, Jan-Peter A1 - Onoguchi, Masahisa A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Capabilities of multi-pinhole SPECT with two stationary detectors for in vivo rat imaging JF - Scientific Reports N2 - We aimed to investigate the image quality of the U-SPECT5/CT E-Class a micro single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system with two large stationary detectors for visualization of rat hearts and bones using clinically available \(^{99m}\)Tc-labelled tracers. Sensitivity, spatial resolution, uniformity and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the small-animal SPECT scanner were investigated in phantom studies using an ultra-high-resolution rat and mouse multi-pinhole collimator (UHR-RM). Point source, hot-rod, and uniform phantoms with \(^{99m}\)Tc-solution were scanned for high-count performance assessment and count levels equal to animal scans, respectively. Reconstruction was performed using the similarity-regulated ordered-subsets expectation maximization (SROSEM) algorithm with Gaussian smoothing. Rats were injected with similar to 100 MBq [\(^{99m}\)TcTc-MIBI or similar to 150 MBq [\(^{99m}\)Tc]Tc-HMDP and received multi-frame micro-SPECT imaging after tracer distribution. Animal scans were reconstructed for three different acquisition times and post-processed with different sized Gaussian filters. Following reconstruction, CNR was calculated and image quality evaluated by three independent readers on a five-point scale from 1="very poor" to 5="very good". Point source sensitivity was 567 cps/MBq and radioactive rods as small as 1.2 mm were resolved with the UHR-RM collimator. Collimator-dependent uniformity was 55.5%. Phantom CNR improved with increasing rod size, filter size and activity concentration. Left ventricle and bone structures were successfully visualized in rat experiments. Image quality was strongly affected by the extent of post-filtering, whereas scan time did not have substantial influence on visual assessment. Good image quality was achieved for resolution range greater than 1.8 mm in bone and 2.8 mm in heart. The recently introduced small animal SPECT system with two stationary detectors and UHR-RM collimator is capable to provide excellent image quality in heart and bone scans in a rat using standardized reconstruction parameters and appropriate post-filtering. However, there are still challenges in achieving maximum system resolution in the sub-millimeter range with in vivo settings under limited injection dose and acquisition time. KW - small animal SPECT KW - HMDP hydroxymethylene diphosphonate KW - skeletal KW - quality KW - scanner Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230616 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brust, Felix A1 - Nagler, Oliver A1 - Shoyama, Kazutaka A1 - Stolte, Matthias A1 - Würthner, Frank T1 - Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Silandiol‐Bay‐Bridged Perylene Bisimides JF - Advanced Optical Materials N2 - Perylene bisimides (PBIs) are among the best fluorophores but have to be enwrapped for optoelectronic applications by large and heavy substituents to prevent their ππ‐stacking, which is known to accelerate non‐radiative decay processes in the solid state. Here, light‐weight di‐tert‐butylsilyl groups are introduced to bridge 1,12‐dihydroxy and 1,6,7,12‐tetrahydroxy PBIs to afford sublimable dyes for vacuum‐processed optoelectronic devices. For both new compounds, this substitution provides a twisted and shielded perylene π‐core whose, via OSiObridges, rigid structure affords well‐resolved absorption and emission spectra with strong fluorescence in solution, as well as in the solid state. The usefulness of these dyes for vacuum‐processed optoelectronic devices is demonstrated in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) that show monomer‐like emission spectra and high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of up to 3.1% for the doubly silicon‐bridged PBI. KW - organic light emitting diodes KW - perylene bisimide dyes KW - rigidification KW - solid‐state emission KW - vacuum processable Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312599 VL - 11 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, David A1 - Stolte, Matthias A1 - Süß, Jasmin A1 - Liess, Dr. Andreas A1 - Stepanenko, Vladimir A1 - Würthner, Frank T1 - Protein-like enwrapped perylene bisimide chromophore as bright microcrystalline emitter material JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition N2 - Strongly emissive solid‐state materials are mandatory components for many emerging optoelectronic technologies, but fluorescence is often quenched in the solid state owing to strong intermolecular interactions. The design of new organic pigments, which retain their optical properties despite their high tendency to crystallize, could overcome such limitations. Herein, we show a new material with monomer‐like absorption and emission profiles as well as fluorescence quantum yields over 90 % in its crystalline solid state. The material was synthesized by attaching two bulky tris(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)phenoxy substituents at the perylene bisimide bay positions. These substituents direct a packing arrangement with full enwrapping of the chromophore and unidirectional chromophore alignment within the crystal lattice to afford optical properties that resemble those of their natural pigment counterparts, in which chromophores are rigidly embedded in protein environments. KW - cristal engeneering KW - dyes KW - flourescence quantum yield KW - perylene bisimides KW - solid-state emitters Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204809 VL - 58 IS - 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deeb, Wissam A1 - Giordano, James J. A1 - Rossi, Peter J. A1 - Mogilner, Alon Y. A1 - Gunduz, Aysegul A1 - Judy, Jack W. A1 - Klassen, Bryan T. A1 - Butson, Christopher R. A1 - Van Horne, Craig A1 - Deny, Damiaan A1 - Dougherty, Darin D. A1 - Rowell, David A1 - Gerhardt, Greg A. A1 - Smith, Gwenn S. A1 - Ponce, Francisco A. A1 - Walker, Harrison C. A1 - Bronte-Stewart, Helen M. A1 - Mayberg, Helen S. A1 - Chizeck, Howard J. A1 - Langevin, Jean-Philippe A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Ostrem, Jill L. A1 - Shute, Jonathan B. A1 - Jimenez-Shahed, Joohi A1 - Foote, Kelly D. A1 - Wagle Shukla, Aparna A1 - Rossi, Marvin A. A1 - Oh, Michael A1 - Pourfar, Michael A1 - Rosenberg, Paul B. A1 - Silburn, Peter A. A1 - de Hemptine, Coralie A1 - Starr, Philip A. A1 - Denison, Timothy A1 - Akbar, Umer A1 - Grill, Warren M. A1 - Okun, Michael S. T1 - Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies JF - Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience N2 - This paper provides an overview of current progress in the technological advances and the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as presented by participants of the Fourth Annual DBS Think Tank, which was convened in March 2016 in conjunction with the Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration at the University of Florida, Gainesveille FL, USA. The Think Tank discussions first focused on policy and advocacy in DBS research and clinical practice, formation of registries, and issues involving the use of DBS in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. Next, advances in the use of neuroimaging and electrochemical markers to enhance DBS specificity were addressed. Updates on ongoing use and developments of DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, Alzheimer's disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obesity, addiction were presented, and progress toward innovation(s) in closed-loop applications were discussed. Each section of these proceedings provides updates and highlights of new information as presented at this year's international Think Tank, with a view toward current and near future advancement of the field. KW - deep brain stimulation KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - closed-loop KW - depression KW - post-traumatic stress disorder KW - Tourette syndrome KW - DARPA Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168493 VL - 10 IS - 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmuth, Nadine A1 - Schlicker, Lisa A1 - Guo, Yongxia A1 - Hovhannisyan, Pargev A1 - Janaki-Raman, Sudha A1 - Kurmasheva, Naziia A1 - Schmitz, Werner A1 - Schulze, Almut A1 - Stelzner, Kathrin A1 - Rajeeve, Karthika A1 - Rudel, Thomas T1 - c-Myc plays a key role in IFN-γ-induced persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis JF - eLife N2 - Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr) can persist over extended times within their host cell and thereby establish chronic infections. One of the major inducers of chlamydial persistence is interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released by immune cells as a mechanism of immune defence. IFN-γ activates the catabolic depletion of L-tryptophan (Trp) via indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), resulting in persistent Ctr. Here, we show that IFN-γ induces the downregulation of c-Myc, the key regulator of host cell metabolism, in a STAT1-dependent manner. Expression of c-Myc rescued Ctr from IFN-γ-induced persistence in cell lines and human fallopian tube organoids. Trp concentrations control c-Myc levels most likely via the PI3K-GSK3β axis. Unbiased metabolic analysis revealed that Ctr infection reprograms the host cell tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to support pyrimidine biosynthesis. Addition of TCA cycle intermediates or pyrimidine/purine nucleosides to infected cells rescued Ctr from IFN-γ-induced persistence. Thus, our results challenge the longstanding hypothesis of Trp depletion through IDO as the major mechanism of IFN-γ-induced metabolic immune defence and significantly extends the understanding of the role of IFN-γ as a broad modulator of host cell metabolism. KW - Chlamydia trachomatis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301385 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prantl, Thomas A1 - Zeck, Timo A1 - Bauer, Andre A1 - Ten, Peter A1 - Prantl, Dominik A1 - Yahya, Ala Eddine Ben A1 - Ifflaender, Lukas A1 - Dmitrienko, Alexandra A1 - Krupitzer, Christian A1 - Kounev, Samuel T1 - A Survey on Secure Group Communication Schemes With Focus on IoT Communication JF - IEEE Access N2 - A key feature for Internet of Things (IoT) is to control what content is available to each user. To handle this access management, encryption schemes can be used. Due to the diverse usage of encryption schemes, there are various realizations of 1-to-1, 1-to-n, and n-to-n schemes in the literature. This multitude of encryption methods with a wide variety of properties presents developers with the challenge of selecting the optimal method for a particular use case, which is further complicated by the fact that there is no overview of existing encryption schemes. To fill this gap, we envision a cryptography encyclopedia providing such an overview of existing encryption schemes. In this survey paper, we take a first step towards such an encyclopedia by creating a sub-encyclopedia for secure group communication (SGC) schemes, which belong to the n-to-n category. We extensively surveyed the state-of-the-art and classified 47 different schemes. More precisely, we provide (i) a comprehensive overview of the relevant security features, (ii) a set of relevant performance metrics, (iii) a classification for secure group communication schemes, and (iv) workflow descriptions of the 47 schemes. Moreover, we perform a detailed performance and security evaluation of the 47 secure group communication schemes. Based on this evaluation, we create a guideline for the selection of secure group communication schemes. KW - Internet of Things KW - encryption KW - secure group communication Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300257 VL - 10 SP - 99944 EP - 99962 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griesbeck, Stefanie A1 - Michail, Evripidis A1 - Rauch, Florian A1 - Ogasawara, Hiroaki A1 - Wang, Chenguang A1 - Sato, Yoshikatsu A1 - Edkins, Robert M. A1 - Zhang, Zuolun A1 - Taki, Masayasu A1 - Lambert, Christoph A1 - Yamaguchi, Shigehiro A1 - Marder, Todd B. T1 - The Effect of Branching on One- and Two-Photon Absorption, Cell Viability and Localization of Cationic Triarylborane Chromophores with Dipolar versus Octupolar Charge Distributions for Cellular Imaging JF - Chemistry - A European Journal N2 - Two different chromophores, namely a dipolar and an octupolar system, were prepared and their linear and nonlinear optical properties as well as their bioimaging capabilities were compared. Both contain triphenylamine as the donor and a triarylborane as the acceptor, the latter modified with cationic trimethylammonio groups to provide solubility in aqueous media. The octupolar system exhibits a much higher two‐photon brightness, and also better cell viability and enhanced selectivity for lysosomes compared with the dipolar chromophore. Furthermore, both dyes were applied in two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) live‐cell imaging. KW - boranes KW - cell imaging KW - fluerescence KW - lysosome KW - two-photon excited fluorescence Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204829 VL - 25 IS - 57 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dresen, Ellen A1 - Pimiento, Jose M. A1 - Patel, Jayshil J. A1 - Heyland, Daren K. A1 - Rice, Todd W. A1 - Stoppe, Christian T1 - Overview of oxidative stress and the role of micronutrients in critical illness JF - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition N2 - Inflammation and oxidative stress represent physiological response mechanisms to different types of stimuli and injury during critical illness. Its proper regulation is fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to outcomes and recovery from critical illness. A proper maintenance of the delicate balance between inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response is crucial for resolution from critical illness with important implications for patient outcome. The extent of inflammation and oxidative stress under normal conditions is limited by the antioxidant defense system of the human body, whereas the antioxidant capacity is commonly significantly compromised, and serum levels of micronutrients and vitamins significantly depleted in patients who are critically ill. Hence, the provision of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients may help to reduce the extent of oxidative stress and therefore improve clinical outcomes in patients who are critically ill. As existing evidence of the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in patients who are critically ill is still unclear, actual findings about the most promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidative candidates selenium, vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D will be discussed in this narrative review. The existing evidence provided so far demonstrates that several factors need to be considered to determine the efficacy of an antioxidant supplementation strategy in patients who are critically ill and indicates the need for adequately designed multicenter prospective randomized control trials to evaluate the clinical significance of different types and doses of micronutrients and vitamins in selected groups of patients with different types of critical illness. KW - critical illness KW - vitamins KW - vitamin C KW - inflammation KW - medical nutrition therapy KW - oxidative stress KW - selenium KW - trace elements KW - micronutrients KW - vitamin D KW - zinc Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318186 VL - 47 SP - S38 EP - S49 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurd, Paul J. A1 - Grübel, Kornelia A1 - Wojciechowski, Marek A1 - Maleszka, Ryszard A1 - Rössler, Wolfgang T1 - Novel structure in the nuclei of honey bee brain neurons revealed by immunostaining JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In the course of a screen designed to produce antibodies (ABs) with affinity to proteins in the honey bee brain we found an interesting AB that detects a highly specific epitope predominantly in the nuclei of Kenyon cells (KCs). The observed staining pattern is unique, and its unfamiliarity indicates a novel previously unseen nuclear structure that does not colocalize with the cytoskeletal protein f-actin. A single rod-like assembly, 3.7-4.1 mu m long, is present in each nucleus of KCs in adult brains of worker bees and drones with the strongest immuno-labelling found in foraging bees. In brains of young queens, the labelling is more sporadic, and the rod-like structure appears to be shorter (similar to 2.1 mu m). No immunostaining is detectable in worker larvae. In pupal stage 5 during a peak of brain development only some occasional staining was identified. Although the cellular function of this unexpected structure has not been determined, the unusual distinctiveness of the revealed pattern suggests an unknown and potentially important protein assembly. One possibility is that this nuclear assembly is part of the KCs plasticity underlying the brain maturation in adult honey bees. Because no labelling with this AB is detectable in brains of the fly Drosophila melanogaster and the ant Camponotus floridanus, we tentatively named this antibody AmBNSab (Apis mellifera Brain Neurons Specific antibody). Here we report our results to make them accessible to a broader community and invite further research to unravel the biological role of this curious nuclear structure in the honey bee central brain. KW - mushroom body calyx KW - synaptic complexes KW - bodies KW - insect KW - plasticity KW - insights KW - genome KW - model KW - proteins KW - methylation KW - biological techniques KW - cell biology KW - developmental biology KW - molecular biology KW - neuroscience Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260059 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pirner, Marlies T1 - A review on BGK models for gas mixtures of mono and polyatomic molecules JF - Fluids N2 - We consider the Bathnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model, an approximation of the Boltzmann equation, describing the time evolution of a single momoatomic rarefied gas and satisfying the same two main properties (conservation properties and entropy inequality). However, in practical applications, one often has to deal with two additional physical issues. First, a gas often does not consist of only one species, but it consists of a mixture of different species. Second, the particles can store energy not only in translational degrees of freedom but also in internal degrees of freedom such as rotations or vibrations (polyatomic molecules). Therefore, here, we will present recent BGK models for gas mixtures for mono- and polyatomic particles and the existing mathematical theory for these models. KW - multi-fluid mixture KW - kinetic model KW - BGK approximation KW - degrees of freedom in internal energy KW - existence of solutions KW - large-time behaviour Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250161 SN - 2311-5521 VL - 6 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Timothy A1 - Maus, Katharina A1 - Kreß, Verena A1 - Meyer-Natus, Elisabeth A1 - Engstler, Markus T1 - Single-cell motile behaviour of Trypanosoma brucei in thin-layered fluid collectives JF - The European Physical Journal E N2 - We describe a system for the analysis of an important unicellular eukaryotic flagellate in a confining and crowded environment. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is arguably one of the most versatile microswimmers known. It has unique properties as a single microswimmer and shows remarkable adaptations (not only in motility, but prominently so), to its environment during a complex developmental cycle involving two different hosts. Specific life cycle stages show fascinating collective behaviour, as millions of cells can be forced to move together in extreme confinement. Our goal is to examine such motile behaviour directly in the context of the relevant environments. Therefore, for the first time, we analyse the motility behaviour of trypanosomes directly in a widely used assay, which aims to evaluate the parasites behaviour in collectives, in response to as yet unknown parameters. In a step towards understanding whether, or what type of, swarming behaviour of trypanosomes exists, we customised the assay for quantitative tracking analysis of motile behaviour on the single-cell level. We show that the migration speed of cell groups does not directly depend on single-cell velocity and that the system remains to be simplified further, before hypotheses about collective motility can be advanced. KW - Trypanosoma brucei KW - motile behaviour KW - fluid collectives Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273022 SN - 1292-895X VL - 44 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobsar, Anna A1 - Koehnlechner, Karina A1 - Klingler, Philipp A1 - Niklaus, Marius A1 - Zeller-Hahn, Julia A1 - Koessler, Angela A1 - Weber, Katja A1 - Boeck, Markus A1 - Koessler, Juergen T1 - The effect of short-term refrigeration on platelet responsiveness JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Storage of platelet concentrates (PC) at cold temperature (CT) is discussed as an alternative to the current standard of storage at room temperature (RT). Recently, we could show that cold-induced attenuation of inhibitory signaling is an important mechanism promoting platelet reactivity. For developing strategies in blood banking, it is required to elucidate the time-dependent onset of facilitated platelet activation. Thus, freshly prepared platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) was stored for 1 and 2 h at CT (2–6 °C) or at RT (20–24 °C), followed by subsequent comparative analysis. Compared to RT, basal and induced vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation levels were decreased under CT within 1 h by approximately 20%, determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Concomitantly, ADP- and collagen-induced threshold aggregation values were enhanced by up to 30–40%. Furthermore, platelet-covered areas on collagen-coated slides and aggregate formation under flow conditions were increased after storage at CT, in addition to induced activation markers. In conclusion, a time period of 1–2 h for refrigeration is sufficient to induce an attenuation of inhibitory signaling, accompanied with an enhancement of platelet responsiveness. Short-term refrigeration may be considered as a rational approach to obtain PC with higher functional reactivity for the treatment of hemorrhage. KW - short‑term refrigeration KW - platelet responsiveness KW - cold temperature Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301390 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schäbler, Stefan A1 - Amatobi, Kelechi M. A1 - Horn, Melanie A1 - Rieger, Dirk A1 - Helfrich‑Förster, Charlotte A1 - Mueller, Martin J. A1 - Wegener, Christian A1 - Fekete, Agnes T1 - Loss of function in the Drosophila clock gene period results in altered intermediary lipid metabolism and increased susceptibility to starvation JF - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences N2 - The fruit fly Drosophila is a prime model in circadian research, but still little is known about its circadian regulation of metabolism. Daily rhythmicity in levels of several metabolites has been found, but knowledge about hydrophobic metabolites is limited. We here compared metabolite levels including lipids between period\(^{01}\) (per\(^{01}\)) clock mutants and Canton-S wildtype (WT\(_{CS}\)) flies in an isogenic and non-isogenic background using LC–MS. In the non-isogenic background, metabo-lites with differing levels comprised essential amino acids, kynurenines, pterinates, glycero(phospho)lipids, and fatty acid esters. Notably, detectable diacylglycerols (DAG) and acylcarnitines (AC), involved in lipid metabolism, showed lower levels in per\(^{01}\) mutants. Most of these differences disappeared in the isogenic background, yet the level differences for AC as well as DAG were consistent for fly bodies. AC levels were dependent on the time of day in WTCS in phase with food consumption under LD conditions, while DAGs showed weak daily oscillations. Two short-chain ACs continued to cycle even in constant darkness. per\(^{01}\) mutants in LD showed no or very weak diel AC oscillations out of phase with feeding activity. The low levels of DAGs and ACs in per\(^{01}\) did not correlate with lower total food consumption, body mass or weight. Clock mutant flies showed higher sensitivity to starvation independent of their background-dependent activity level. Our results suggest that neither feeding, energy storage nor mobilisation is significantly affected in per\(^{01}\) mutants, but point towards impaired mitochondrial activity, supported by upregulation of the mitochondrial stress marker 4EBP in the clock mutants KW - circadian rhythms KW - metabolomics KW - mitochondrial activity KW - tryptophan KW - acylcarnitine KW - feeding Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232432 SN - 1420-682X VL - 77 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veepaschit, Jyotishman A1 - Viswanathan, Aravindan A1 - Bordonne, Remy A1 - Grimm, Clemens A1 - Fischer, Utz T1 - Identification and structural analysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe SMN complex JF - Nucleic Acids Research N2 - The macromolecular SMN complex facilitates the formation of Sm-class ribonucleoproteins involved in mRNA processing (UsnRNPs). While biochemical studies have revealed key activities of the SMN complex, its structural investigation is lagging behind. Here we report on the identification and structural determination of the SMN complex from the lower eukaryote Schizosaccharomyces pombe, consisting of SMN, Gemin2, 6, 7, 8 and Sm proteins. The core of the SMN complex is formed by several copies of SMN tethered through its C-terminal alpha-helices arranged with alternating polarity. This creates a central platform onto which Gemin8 binds and recruits Gemins 6 and 7. The N-terminal parts of the SMN molecules extrude via flexible linkers from the core and enable binding of Gemin2 and Sm proteins. Our data identify the SMN complex as a multivalent hub where Sm proteins are collected in its periphery to allow their joining with UsnRNA. KW - Schizosaccharomyces pombe KW - SMN Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259880 VL - 49 IS - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberdörfer, Sebastian A1 - Heidrich, David A1 - Birnstiel, Sandra A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich T1 - Enchanted by Your Surrounding? Measuring the Effects of Immersion and Design of Virtual Environments on Decision-Making JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - Impaired decision-making leads to the inability to distinguish between advantageous and disadvantageous choices. The impairment of a person’s decision-making is a common goal of gambling games. Given the recent trend of gambling using immersive Virtual Reality it is crucial to investigate the effects of both immersion and the virtual environment (VE) on decision-making. In a novel user study, we measured decision-making using three virtual versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The versions differed with regard to the degree of immersion and design of the virtual environment. While emotions affect decision-making, we further measured the positive and negative affect of participants. A higher visual angle on a stimulus leads to an increased emotional response. Thus, we kept the visual angle on the Iowa Gambling Task the same between our conditions. Our results revealed no significant impact of immersion or the VE on the IGT. We further found no significant difference between the conditions with regard to positive and negative affect. This suggests that neither the medium used nor the design of the VE causes an impairment of decision-making. However, in combination with a recent study, we provide first evidence that a higher visual angle on the IGT leads to an effect of impairment. KW - virtual reality KW - virtual environments KW - immersion KW - decision-making KW - iowa gambling task Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260101 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Page, Lukas A1 - Wallstabe, Julia A1 - Lother, Jasmin A1 - Bauser, Maximilian A1 - Kniemeyer, Olaf A1 - Strobel, Lea A1 - Voltersen, Vera A1 - Teutschbein, Janka A1 - Hortschansky, Peter A1 - Morton, Charles Oliver A1 - Brakhage, Axel A. A1 - Topp, Max A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Wurster, Sebastian A1 - Loeffler, Juergen T1 - CcpA- and Shm2-Pulsed Myeloid Dendritic Cells Induce T-Cell Activation and Enhance the Neutrophilic Oxidative Burst Response to Aspergillus fumigatus JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. As therapeutic outcomes of invasive aspergillosis (IA) are often unsatisfactory, the development of targeted immunotherapy remains an important goal. Linking the innate and adaptive immune system, dendritic cells are pivotal in anti-Aspergillus defense and have generated interest as a potential immunotherapeutic approach in IA. While monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) require ex vivo differentiation, antigen-pulsed primary myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) may present a more immediate platform for immunotherapy. To that end, we compared the response patterns and cellular interactions of human primary mDCs and moDCs pulsed with an A. fumigatus lysate and two A. fumigatus proteins (CcpA and Shm2) in a serum-free, GMP-compliant medium. CcpA and Shm2 triggered significant upregulation of maturation markers in mDCs and, to a lesser extent, moDCs. Furthermore, both A. fumigatus proteins elicited the release of an array of key pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL3 from both DC populations. Compared to moDCs, CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed mDCs exhibited greater expression of MHC class II antigens and stimulated stronger proliferation and IFN-γ secretion from autologous CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T-cells. Moreover, supernatants of CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed mDCs significantly enhanced the oxidative burst in allogeneic neutrophils co-cultured with A. fumigatus germ tubes. Taken together, our in vitro data suggest that ex vivo CcpA- and Shm2-pulsed primary mDCs have the potential to be developed into an immunotherapeutic approach to tackle IA. KW - antigens KW - dendritic cells KW - cytokines KW - host defense KW - immunotherapy KW - Aspergillus Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239493 SN - 1664-3224 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Claus, Heike A1 - Hubert, Kerstin A1 - Becher, Dörte A1 - Otto, Andreas A1 - Pawlik, Marie-Christin A1 - Lappann, Ines A1 - Strobel, Lea A1 - Vogel, Ulrich A1 - Johswich, Kay T1 - A homopolymeric adenosine tract in the promoter region of nspA influences factor H-mediated serum resistance in Neisseria meningitidis JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Although usually asymptomatically colonizing the human nasopharynx, the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) can spread to the blood stream and cause invasive disease. For survival in blood, N. meningitidis evades the complement system by expression of a polysaccharide capsule and surface proteins sequestering the complement regulator factor H (fH). Meningococcal strains belonging to the sequence type (ST-) 41/44 clonal complex (cc41/44) cause a major proportion of serogroup B meningococcal disease worldwide, but they are also common in asymptomatic carriers. Proteome analysis comparing cc41/44 isolates from invasive disease versus carriage revealed differential expression levels of the outer membrane protein NspA, which binds fH. Deletion of nspA reduced serum resistance and NspA expression correlated with fH sequestration. Expression levels of NspA depended on the length of a homopolymeric tract in the nspA promoter: A 5-adenosine tract dictated low NspA expression, whereas a 6-adenosine motif guided high NspA expression. Screening German cc41/44 strain collections revealed the 6-adenosine motif in 39% of disease isolates, but only in 3.4% of carriage isolates. Thus, high NspA expression is associated with disease, but not strictly required. The 6-adenosine nspA promoter is most common to the cc41/44, but is also found in other hypervirulent clonal complexes. KW - Meningitis KW - Pathogens Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200956 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel A1 - Arnold, Charlotte A1 - Hering, Ilona A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Seyfried, Florian A1 - Stopper, Helga T1 - Decreased chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of obese patients after bariatric surgery JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The number of bariatric surgeries being performed worldwide has markedly risen. While the improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities after bariatric surgery is well-established, very little is known about its impact on cancer risk. The peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus test is a widely used method for the monitoring of chromosomal damage levels in vivo, and micronucleus frequency positively correlates with cancer risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the micronucleus frequency before and after bariatric surgery in obese subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 45 obese subjects before and at two time-points after bariatric surgery (6 and 12 months) to assess spontaneous micronucleus frequency. Consistent with the increased cancer risk previously shown, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss led to a significant reduction in lymphocyte micronucleus frequency after 12 months. Interestingly, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome further seemed to have an impact on the lymphocyte micronucleus frequency. Our findings may indicate a successful reduction of cancer risk in patients following weight loss caused by bariatric surgery. KW - obesity KW - bariatric surgery KW - cancer risk Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177090 VL - 8 IS - 11195 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Maximilian A1 - Hartig, Johannes A1 - Prüss, Harald A1 - Ip, Wang Chi A1 - Volkmann, Jens T1 - Rapidly progressive dementia: Extending the spectrum of GFAP-astrocytopathies? JF - Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology N2 - Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a steroid-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis, sometimes presenting with atypical clinical signs such as movement disorders or psychiatric and autonomic features. Beyond clinical presentation and imaging, diagnosis relies on detection of GFAP-antibodies (AB) in CSF. Using quantitative behavioral, serologic, and immunohistochemical analyses, we characterize two patients longitudinally over 18–24 months who presented with rapidly progressive neurocognitive deterioration in the context of GFAP-AB in CSF and unremarkable cranial MRI studies. Intensified immunotherapy was associated with clinical stabilization. The value of GFAP-AB screening in selected cases of rapidly progressive dementias is discussed. KW - GFAP-astrocytopathies KW - dementia Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312957 VL - 9 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manukjan, Georgi A1 - Wiegering, Verena A1 - Reindl, Tobias A1 - Strauß, Gabriele A1 - Klopocki, Eva A1 - Schulze, Harald A1 - Andres, Oliver T1 - Novel variants in FERMT3 and RASGRP2 - Genetic linkage in Glanzmann-like bleeding disorders JF - Pediatric Blood & Cancer N2 - Defects of platelet intracellular signaling can result in severe platelet dysfunction. Several mutations in each of the linked genes FERMT3 and RASGRP2 on chromosome 11 causing a Glanzmann‐like bleeding phenotype have been identified so far. We report on novel variants in two unrelated pediatric patients with severe bleeding diathesis—one with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III due to a homozygous frameshift in FERMT3 and the other with homozygous variants in both, FERMT3 and RASGRP2 . We focus on the challenging genetic and functional variant assessment and aim to accentuate the risk of obtaining misleading results due to the phenomenon of genetic linkage. KW - bleding disorders other than hemophilia KW - hematology KW - hemostasis and thrombosis KW - platelet disorders Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208129 VL - 67 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, André A1 - Herrmann, Nico A1 - Matras, Paul A1 - Müller, Iris A1 - Meister, Julia A1 - Schattner, Thomas G. T1 - A pedo-geomorphological view on land use and its potential in the surroundings of the ancient Hispano-Roman city Munigua (Seville, SW Spain) JF - E&G Quaternary Science Journal N2 - This study investigates the surroundings of Munigua (municipium Flavium Muniguense), a small Roman town in the ancient province of Hispania Baetica (SW Spain). The city's economy was based primarily on copper and iron mining, which brought financial prosperity to its citizens. Local production of agricultural goods is thought to have been of little importance, as the regional soil conditions do not seem to be suitable for extensive agriculture. To evaluate the recent soil agro-potential and to find evidence for prehistoric and historic land use in the surroundings of Munigua, we applied a pedo-geomorphological approach based on the physico-chemical analysis of 14 representative soil and sediment exposures. Selected samples were analyzed for bulk chemistry, texture and phytoliths. The chronostratigraphy of the sequences was based on radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples. The site evaluation of the present-day soil agro-potential was carried out according to standard procedures and included evaluation of potential rootability, available water-storage capacity and nutrient budget within the uppermost 1 m. The results show that moderate to very good soil agro-potential prevails in the granitic and floodplain areas surrounding Munigua. Clearly, recent soil agro-potential in these areas allows the production of basic agricultural goods, and similar limited agricultural use should also have been possible in ancient times. In contrast, weak to very weak present-day soil agro-potential prevails in the metamorphic landscape due to the occurrence of shallow and sandy to stony soils. In addition, the study provides pedo-geomorphological evidence for prehistoric and historic land use in pre-Roman, Roman and post-Roman times. Catenary soil mapping in the vicinity of a Roman house complex reveals multi-layered colluvial deposits. They document phases of hillslope erosion mainly triggered by human land use between 4063 ± 82 and 3796 ± 76 cal BP, around 2601 ± 115 cal BP, and between 1424 ± 96 and 421 ± 88 cal BP. Moreover, geochemical and phytolith analyses of a Roman hortic Anthrosol indicate the local cultivation of agricultural products that contributed to the food supply of Munigua. Overall, the evidence of Roman agricultural use in the Munigua area indicates that the city's economy was by no means focused solely on mining. The production of basic agricultural products was also part of Munigua's economic portfolio. Our geoarcheological study thus supports the archeological concept of economically diversified Roman cities in the province of Baetica and in Hispania. KW - land use KW - Munigua KW - geomorphology Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300141 VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 123 EP - 143 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tinajero-Trejo, Mariana A1 - Rana, Namrata A1 - Nagel, Christoph A1 - Jesse, Helen E. A1 - Smith, Thomas W. A1 - Wareham, Lauren K. A1 - Hippler, Michael A1 - Schatzschneider, Ulrich A1 - Poole, Robert K. T1 - Antimicrobial Activity of the Manganese Photoactivated Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-kappa\(^3\)N)]\(^+\) Against a Pathogenic Escherichia coli that Causes Urinary Infections JF - Antioxidants & Redox Signaling N2 - Aims: We set out to investigate the antibacterial activity of a new Mn-based photoactivated carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM, [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-kappa\(^3\)N)]\(^+\)) against an antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic strain (EC958) of Escherichia coli. Results: Activated PhotoCORM inhibits growth and decreases viability of E. coli EC958, but non-illuminated carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM) is without effect. NADH-supported respiration rates are significantly decreased by activated PhotoCORM, mimicking the effect of dissolved CO gas. CO from the PhotoCORM binds to intracellular targets, namely respiratory oxidases in strain EC958 and a bacterial globin heterologously expressed in strain K-12. However, unlike previously characterized CORMs, the PhotoCORM is not significantly accumulated in cells, as deduced from the cellular manganese content. Activated PhotoCORM reacts avidly with hydrogen peroxide producing hydroxyl radicals; the observed peroxide-enhanced toxicity of the PhotoCORM is ameliorated by thiourea. The PhotoCORM also potentiates the effect of the antibiotic, doxycycline. Innovation: The present work investigates for the first time the antimicrobial activity of a light-activated PhotoCORM against an antibiotic-resistant pathogen. A comprehensive study of the effects of the PhotoCORM and its derivative molecules upon illumination is performed and mechanisms of toxicity of the activated PhotoCORM are investigated. Conclusion: The PhotoCORM allows a site-specific and time-controlled release of CO in bacterial cultures and has the potential to provide much needed information on the generality of CORM activities in biology. Understanding the mechanism(s) of activated PhotoCORM toxicity will be key in exploring the potential of this and similar compounds as antimicrobial agents, perhaps in combinatorial therapies with other agents. KW - intracellular hydrogen-peroxide KW - campylobacter-jejuni KW - oxygen-metabolism KW - deficient mutant KW - oxidative stress KW - aqueous-solution KW - metal caponyls KW - RU(CO)(3)CL(GLYCINATE) KW - bacteria KW - enzyme Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188910 VL - 24 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tan, Aaron A1 - Babak, Maria V. A1 - Venkatesan, Gopalakrishnan A1 - Lim, Clarissa A1 - Klotz, Karl-Norbert A1 - Herr, Deron Raymond A1 - Cheong, Siew Lee A1 - Federico, Stephanie A1 - Spalluto, Giampiero A1 - Ong, Wei-Yi A1 - Chen, Yu Zong A1 - Loo, Jason Siau Ee A1 - Pastorin, Giorgia T1 - Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of New Indolylpyrimidylpiperazines for Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapy JF - Molecules N2 - Human A3 adenosine receptor hA3AR has been implicated in gastrointestinal cancer, where its cellular expression has been found increased, thus suggesting its potential as a molecular target for novel anticancer compounds. Observation made in our previous work indicated the importance of the carbonyl group of amide in the indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) for its human A2A adenosine receptor (hA2AAR) subtype binding selectivity over the other AR subtypes. Taking this observation into account, we structurally modified an indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) scaffold, 1 (a non-selective adenosine receptors’ ligand) into a modified IPP (mIPP) scaffold by switching the position of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of both ketone and tertiary amine groups in the new scaffold. Results showed that such modification diminished the A2A activity and instead conferred hA3AR agonistic activity. Among the new mIPP derivatives (3–6), compound 4 showed potential as a hA3AR partial agonist, with an Emax of 30% and EC50 of 2.89 ± 0.55 μM. In the cytotoxicity assays, compound 4 also exhibited higher cytotoxicity against both colorectal and liver cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Overall, this new series of compounds provide a promising starting point for further development of potent and selective hA3AR partial agonists for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. KW - gastrointestinal cancer KW - hA3AR KW - partial agonists KW - indolylpyrimidylpiperazines Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193271 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 24 IS - 20 ER -