TY - JOUR A1 - Niemack, Juliane T1 - Schutzfaktoren bei Kindern vor dem Übergang in die Sekundarstufe – Ergebnisse aus der STRESSStudie JF - Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research N2 - Der Übergang in die Sekundarstufe stellt für Kinder ein normativ kritisches Lebensereignis dar, das unterschiedlich bewertet und bewältigt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Schutzfaktoren dazu beitragen, dass Kinder dem Übergang mit Gefühlen der Vorfreude begegnen und sie dieses Ereignis problemorientiert bewältigen. Untersucht werden 596 ViertklässlerInnen aus Bayern und Hessen vor dem Übergang in die Sekundarstufe. In Anlehnung an die kognitiv-transaktionale Theorie von Lazarus und Folkman (1984) werden die Zusammenhänge von primärer Bewertung als Herausforderung und problemorientierter Stressbewältigung unter Berücksichtigung von personalen (akademisches Selbstkonzept, Selbstwirksamkeit) und sozialen Schutzfaktoren (Familienzusammenhalt, allgemeines förderndes Elternverhalten) analysiert. Mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen lassen sich Mediationseffekte der Schutzfaktoren nachweisen. Insbesondere das akademische Selbstkonzept und ein förderliches Familienumfeld erweisen sich als bedeutsame protektive Faktoren in der Phase vor dem Übergang. N2 - Transition to secondary school constitutes a normative critical life event for children, which is evaluated and managed individually. The present study focuses on the role of protective factors helping children to approach this transition with emotions of pleasant anticipation and problem-focused coping. 596 fourth graders from Bavaria and Hesse were examined prior to their transition to secondary school. Referring to the cognitive-transactional theory from Lazarus and Folkman (1984), correlations between primary appraisal as a challenge and problem-focused coping in consideration of personal (academic self-concept, self-efficacy) and social protective factors (family cohesion, general supportive parent behavior) have been analyzed. Using structural equation models, the mediation effects of protective factors can be confirmed. Academic self-concept and a supportive family environment particularly proved to be protective factors prior to the transition. T2 - Protective Factors of Children prior to the Transition to Secondary School – Results from the STRESSStudy KW - Übergang KW - kognitiv-transaktionale Theorie KW - Stress KW - Schutzfaktoren KW - transition KW - cognitive-transactional theory KW - stress KW - protective factors Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268788 VL - 2019 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lüke, Carina A1 - Ritterfeld, Ute A1 - Liszkowski, Ulf T1 - In bilinguals' hands: identification of bilingual, preverbal infants at risk for language delay JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics N2 - Studies with monolingual infants show that the gestural behavior of 1–2-year-olds is a strong predictor for later language competencies and, more specifically, that the absence of index-finger pointing at 12 months seems to be a valid indicator for risk of language delay (LD). In this study a lack of index-finger pointing at 12 months was utilized as diagnostic criterion to identity infants with a high risk for LD at 24 months in a sample of 42 infants growing up bilingually. Results confirm earlier findings from monolinguals showing that 12-month-olds who point with the extended index finger have an advanced language status at 24 months and are less likely language delayed than infants who only point with the whole hand and do not produce index-finger points at 12 months. KW - gesture KW - pointing KW - language delay KW - language acquisition KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276639 SN - 2296-2360 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thalhammer, Johanna T1 - L’art de bien chanter und Von der Kunst zierlich zu singen und zu spielen – Eine kontrastive Analyse von Texten der musikalischen Fachsprache im 18. Jahrhundert anhand von Auszügen aus Code de musique pratique, Rameau (1760) und Der vollkommene Capellmeister, Mattheson (1739) JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This article is an analysis and a comparison of German and French special language of music in the 18th century, more precisely about the terms used to describe the activity of singing. The analysis is based on two treatises about music theory. The first writing, Der Vollkommene Capellmeister, was written by Johann Mattheson in 1739 and the second, Code de musique pratique by Jean-Philippe Rameau was published in 1760. Both texts contain a chapter which gives explanations how to sing. The treatises include different types of technical words: specific terms easy identified as special language terms like names of ornaments in the music, special verbs standing for singing, and words and anaphors to describe tonality and dynamics. By having a look on the terms of music language, the influence of Italian and French words on German vocabulary of music becomes obvious. The vocabulary is often similar in both languages, but not always defined as a part of the special language of music. KW - special language of music KW - contrastive analysis of languages KW - vocabulary of singing KW - Mattheson KW - Rameau Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172958 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöch, Christof T1 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Christof Schöch JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Christof Schöch KW - Interview Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235128 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldmann, Julius A1 - Hesselbach, Robert T1 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Kai Nonnenmacher JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Kai Nonnenmacher KW - Interview KW - Karriere KW - Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187942 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prifti, Elton T1 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Elton Prifti JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Interview mit Prof. Dr. Elton Prifti KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Interview Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-251395 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Grief, Lukas A1 - Altmann, Michael A1 - Bogaschewsky, Ronald T1 - The impact of sustainable supply chain management practices on performance metrics – A meta-analysis N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels einer Meta-Analyse den Zusammenhang zwischen nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivitäten und der Unternehmensperformance. Es sollen auf Grundlage einer breiten Datenbasis aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2013 fundierte und aussagekräftige Zusammenhänge zwischen ökologisch nachhaltigen Supply Chain Aktivitäten und deren Wirkung auf unterschiedliche Bereiche der Unternehmensperformance hergestellt werden N2 - Based on a broad data basis considering the years 2000 - 2013, we conduct a meta-analysis to research the influence of sustainable supply chain practices on different aspects of measurable company performance. T2 - Eine Meta-Analyse zur Untersuchung der Auswirkung nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivitäten auf die Unternehmensperformance T3 - Working Paper Series of the Institute of Business Management - 5 KW - Supply Chain Management KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - supply chain management KW - sustainability Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153833 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döllinger, Nina A1 - Wolf, Erik A1 - Mal, David A1 - Wenninger, Stephan A1 - Botsch, Mario A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich A1 - Wienrich, Carolin T1 - Resize Me! Exploring the user experience of embodied realistic modulatable avatars for body image intervention in virtual reality JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system’s impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions. KW - virtual reality KW - avatar embodiment KW - user experience KW - body awareness KW - body weight perception KW - body weight modification KW - body image disturbance KW - eating and body weight disorders Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-292940 SN - 2673-4192 VL - 3 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nord, Ilona A1 - Ess, Charles A1 - Hurtienne, Jörn A1 - Schlag, Thomas T1 - Robotics in Christian Religious Practice Reflections on initial experiments in this field N2 - In this article we offer initial insights into the fairly new interdisciplinary and international domain of robotics in Christian religious practice. We are a group of scholars in media ethics, practical theology/religious education, and human computer interaction, who have been engaged in this discourse since 2017. A natural starting point is our study of BlessU2, a “blessing robot,” a device which received considerable recognition from the global public at the Wittenberg 500th reformation anniversary in 2017. We thus begin with the results of this study. Secondly, we will briefly address the relevant theses from Gabriele Trovato et al., as presented in their 2019 article on so-called theomorphic robots – followed by our interdisciplinary discussion of their approach. Finally, we draw conclusions for further work on the field of “religious robots.” Somewhat more carefully: Section 1 offers starting points within the perspectives of Christian religious practice: here, the blessing robot is both cause and occasion for doing religion and theologizing in the context of existential questions (1.1). We continue with perceptions in the field of religion regarding “Discursive Design Theory” (1.2). The interaction of humans with computers as posing questions for theological standardization of religious practice is focused upon in 1.3. Section 2 reconstructs the HRI/HCI-initiative to develop theomorphic robots in a twofold manner, i.e., the idea of developing theomorphic robots (2.1) and the concept of theomorphic robots: Questions and objections (2.2). In this part of the article we raise discussion points concerning the relationship between technology and religion and the need for sharpening the understanding of religion within the research field. Section 3 closes with propositions and alternatives. KW - Soziale Robotik KW - Christentum KW - Religious Practice KW - Robotics KW - Human Computer Interaction KW - BlessU2 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kim, Brandon J. A1 - Shusta, Eric V. A1 - Doran, Kelly S. T1 - Past and current perspectives in modeling bacteria and blood–brain barrier interactions JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - The central nervous system (CNS) barriers are highly specialized cellular barriers that promote brain homeostasis while restricting pathogen and toxin entry. The primary cellular constituent regulating pathogen entry in most of these brain barriers is the brain endothelial cell (BEC) that exhibits properties that allow for tight regulation of CNS entry. Bacterial meningoencephalitis is a serious infection of the CNS and occurs when bacteria can cross specialized brain barriers and cause inflammation. Models have been developed to understand the bacterial – BEC interaction that lead to pathogen crossing into the CNS, however, these have been met with challenges due to these highly specialized BEC phenotypes. This perspective provides a brief overview and outlook of the in vivo and in vitro models currently being used to study bacterial brain penetration, and opinion on improved models for the future. KW - bacteria KW - blood–brain barrier KW - meningitis KW - stem cells KW - brain endothelial cell Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201766 VL - 10 IS - 1336 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krieter, Detlef H. A1 - Kerwagen, Simon A1 - Rüth, Marieke A1 - Lemke, Horst-Dieter A1 - Wanner, Christoph T1 - Differences in dialysis efficacy have limited effects on protein-bound uremic toxins plasma levels over time JF - Toxins N2 - The protein-bound uremic toxins para-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure, but the effect of different dialysis procedures on their plasma levels over time is poorly studied. The present prospective, randomized, cross-over trial tested dialysis efficacy and monitored pre-treatment pCS and IS concentrations in 15 patients on low-flux and high-flux hemodialysis and high-convective volume postdilution hemodiafiltration over six weeks each. Although hemodiafiltration achieved by far the highest toxin removal, only the mean total IS level was decreased at week three (16.6 ± 12.1 mg/L) compared to baseline (18.9 ± 13.0 mg/L, p = 0.027) and to low-flux dialysis (20.0 ± 12.7 mg/L, p = 0.021). At week six, the total IS concentration in hemodiafiltration reached the initial values again. Concentrations of free IS and free and total pCS remained unaltered. Highest beta2-microglobulin elimination in hemodiafiltration (p < 0.001) led to a persistent decrease of the plasma levels at week three and six (each p < 0.001). In contrast, absent removal in low-flux dialysis resulted in rising beta2-microglobulin concentrations (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that even large differences in instantaneous protein-bound toxin removal by current extracorporeal dialysis techniques may have only limited impact on IS and pCS plasma levels in the longer term. KW - protein-bound uremic toxins KW - end-stage renal disease KW - hemodialysis KW - hemodiafiltration KW - dialysis adequacy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201770 VL - 11 IS - 4 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Höweler, Malte A1 - Xiang, Zuo A1 - Höpfner, Franz A1 - Nguyen, Giang T. A1 - Fitzek, Frank H. P. T1 - Towards Stateless Core Networks: Measuring State Access Patterns T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - Future mobile communication networks, such as 5G and beyond, can benefit from Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) when deployed on cloud infrastructures to achieve elasticity and scalability. However, new challenges arise as to managing states of Network Functions (NFs). Especially control plane VNFs, which are mainly found in cellular core networks like the 5G Core (5GC), received little attention since the shift towards virtualizing NFs. Most existing solutions for these core networks are often complex, intrusive, and are seldom compliant with the standard. With the emergence of 5G campus networks, UEs will be mainly machine-type devices. These devices communicate more deterministically, bringing new opportunities for elaborated state management. This work presents an emulation environment to perform rigorous measurements on state access patterns. The emulation comes with a fully parameterized Markov model for the UE to examine a wide variety of different devices. These measurements can then be used as a solid base for designing an efficient, simple, and standard conform state management solution that brings us further towards stateless core networks. KW - Datennetz KW - 5GC KW - VNF KW - SBA KW - measurements KW - MTC Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280770 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Grigorjew, Alexej A1 - Diederich, Philip A1 - Hoßfeld, Tobias A1 - Kellerer, Wolfgang T1 - Affordable Measurement Setups for Networking Device Latency with Sub-Microsecond Accuracy T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - This document presents a networking latency measurement setup that focuses on affordability and universal applicability, and can provide sub-microsecond accuracy. It explains the prerequisites, hardware choices, and considerations to respect during measurement. In addition, it discusses the necessity for exhaustive latency measurements when dealing with high availability and low latency requirements. Preliminary results show that the accuracy is within ±0.02 μs when used with the Intel I350-T2 network adapter. KW - Datennetz KW - latency Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280751 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gallenmüller, Sebastian A1 - Scholz, Dominik A1 - Stubbe, Henning A1 - Hauser, Eric A1 - Carle, Georg T1 - Reproducible by Design: Network Experiments with pos T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - In scientific research, the independent reproduction of experiments is the source of trust. Detailed documentation is required to enable experiment reproduction. Reproducibility awards were created to honor the increased documentation effort. In this work, we propose a novel approach toward reproducible research—a structured experimental workflow that allows the creation of reproducible experiments without requiring additional efforts of the researcher. Moreover, we present our own testbed and toolchain, namely, plain orchestrating service (pos), which enables the creation of such experimental workflows. The experiment is documented by our proposed, fully scripted experiment structure. In addition, pos provides scripts enabling the automation of the bundling and release of all experimental artifacts. We provide an interactive environment where pos experiments can be executed and reproduced, available at https://gallenmu.github.io/single-server-experiment. KW - Datennetz KW - Reproducibility KW - Testbed KW - Network Experiments KW - plain orchestrating service KW - pos Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280834 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Odhah, Najib A1 - Grass, Eckhard A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Effective Rate of URLLC with Short Block-Length Information Theory T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - Shannon channel capacity estimation, based on large packet length is used in traditional Radio Resource Management (RRM) optimization. This is good for the normal transmission of data in a wired or wireless system. For industrial automation and control, rather short packages are used due to the short-latency requirements. Using Shannon’s formula leads in this case to inaccurate RRM solutions, thus another formula should be used to optimize radio resources in short block-length packet transmission, which is the basic of Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLCs). The stringent requirement of delay Quality of Service (QoS) for URLLCs requires a link-level channel model rather than a physical level channel model. After finding the basic and accurate formula of the achievable rate of short block-length packet transmission, the RRM optimization problem can be accurately formulated and solved under the new constraints of URLLCs. In this short paper, the current mathematical models, which are used in formulating the effective transmission rate of URLLCs, will be briefly explained. Then, using this rate in RRM for URLLC will be discussed. KW - Datennetz KW - URLLC KW - RRM KW - delay QoS exponent KW - decoding error rate KW - delay bound violation probability KW - short block-length KW - effective Bandwidth Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280859 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Raffeck, Simon A1 - Geißler, Stefan A1 - Hoßfeld, Tobias T1 - DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Self-Organizing LoRa Deployments T2 - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22) N2 - This work proposes a novel approach to disperse dense transmission intervals and reduce bursty traffic patterns without the need for centralized control. Furthermore, by keeping the mechanism as close to the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) standard as possible the suggested mechanism can be deployed within existing networks and can even be co-deployed with other devices. KW - Datennetz KW - LoRa Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280809 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dumic, Emil A1 - Bjelopera, Anamaria A1 - Nüchter, Andreas T1 - Dynamic point cloud compression based on projections, surface reconstruction and video compression JF - Sensors N2 - In this paper we will present a new dynamic point cloud compression based on different projection types and bit depth, combined with the surface reconstruction algorithm and video compression for obtained geometry and texture maps. Texture maps have been compressed after creating Voronoi diagrams. Used video compression is specific for geometry (FFV1) and texture (H.265/HEVC). Decompressed point clouds are reconstructed using a Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm. Comparison with the original point clouds was performed using point-to-point and point-to-plane measures. Comprehensive experiments show better performance for some projection maps: cylindrical, Miller and Mercator projections. KW - 3DTK toolkit KW - map projections KW - point cloud compression KW - point-to-point measure KW - point-to-plane measure KW - Poisson surface reconstruction KW - octree Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252231 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Werner, Elisabeth A1 - Dworschak, Wolfgang A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Ratz, Christoph T1 - Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen für Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Volljährige mit Intelligenzminderung JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Fragestellung: In Bayern leben etwa 10 % aller jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Heimeinrichtungen. 2016 wurde in Presseberichten der Vorwurf unzulässiger freiheitsentziehender Maßnahmen formuliert. Im Rahmen des Projekts REDUGIA wurde in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen eine repräsentative Erhebung zu freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen (FeM), herausforderndem Verhalten (hfV) und der Mitarbeiterbelastung (MaB) durchgeführt. Methodik: 65 Einrichtungen für junge Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Bayern wurde ein Fragebogen zu strukturellen Gegebenheiten sowie MaB, hfV und FeM zugesendet. Neben deskriptiven Auswertungen wurden korrelative Analysen bzw. Regressionsanalysen zum Zusammenhang zwischen hfV, FeM und MaB durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Es wurden Daten zu 1839 Personen in 61 Einrichtungen erhoben. 84.3 % der Einrichtungen berichteten geringe Raten an hfV und FeM, während 15.7 % ein gehäuftes Vorkommen von hfV und FeM angaben. Auf n = 1809 Vollzeitäquivalente kam es innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu 639 körperlichen Angriffen durch Bewohner_innen. In 12 Monaten wurden problemverhaltensassoziiert 85 Krankmeldungen sowie 33 Versetzungsanträge/Kündigungen berichtet. Es zeigte sich ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hfV und FeM (R² = .307, F = 21.719, p < .001). Die Mitarbeiterbelastung korrelierte positiv mit hfV (r = .507, p < .001). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studienbefunde weisen darauf hin, dass hfV sowie FeM bei jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung kein flächendeckendes Phänomen darstellen, sondern sich auf wenige spezialisierte Einrichtungen fokussieren. Mögliche Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Problemverhalten und Freiheitsentzug werden diskutiert. N2 - Objective: In Bavaria, around 10 % of youths with an intellectual disability (ID) live in residential facilities. In 2015, media raised accusations of inadmissible use of coercive measures. The REDUGIA project carried out a representative survey in Bavarian facilities regarding coercive measures (FeM), challenging behavior (hfV), and employee stress (MaB). Method: We sent a questionnaire concerning structural conditions, MaB, hfV and FeM to 65 Bavarian facilities for young people with ID. In addition to preparing descriptive evaluations, we performed correlative and regression analyses concerning the relationship between hfV, FeM, and MaB. Results: We retrieved data from 1,839 subjects in 61 facilities. 84.3 % of facilities reported low rates of hfV and FeM, while 15.7 % reported an increased incidence of hfV and FeM. For n = 1809 full-time position equivalents there were 639 physical attacks by residents over the course of 14 days. We observed 85 instances of sick leave and 33 transfer apllications/resignation associated with hfV. The frequency of hfV predicted the frequency of FeM (R² = 0.307, F = 21.719, p < .001). MaB correlated positively with hfV (r = 0.507, p < .001). Conclusions: The descriptive data indicate that hfV and FeM are not general phenomena but occur mainly in a circumscript number of highly specialized facilities. This emphasizes the need for prevention of hfV and FeM. T2 - Freedom-restricting measures in Bavarian residential facilities for children, adolescents, and young adults with intellectual disabilities KW - Geistige Behinderung KW - herausforderndes Verhalten KW - freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen KW - Heimeinrichtungen KW - Mitarbeiterbelastung KW - intellectual disability KW - challenging behavior KW - coercive measures KW - residential institutions KW - employee stress Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244859 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 49 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madeira, Octavia A1 - Gromer, Daniel A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich A1 - Pauli, Paul T1 - Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e., animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed vs. the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behaviors are conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety and also assessed the individuals’ levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking, and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for 5 min. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of standard handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia, and sensation seeking, no effect was detected. Also, subjects’ fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM. KW - elevated plus-maze KW - EPM KW - anxiety KW - virtual reality KW - translational neuroscience KW - acrophobia KW - trait anxiety Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258709 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienrich, Carolin A1 - Döllinger, Nina A1 - Hein, Rebecca T1 - Behavioral Framework of Immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT): How and why virtual reality can support behavioral change processes JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - The design and evaluation of assisting technologies to support behavior change processes have become an essential topic within the field of human-computer interaction research in general and the field of immersive intervention technologies in particular. The mechanisms and success of behavior change techniques and interventions are broadly investigated in the field of psychology. However, it is not always easy to adapt these psychological findings to the context of immersive technologies. The lack of theoretical foundation also leads to a lack of explanation as to why and how immersive interventions support behavior change processes. The Behavioral Framework for immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT) addresses this lack by 1) presenting an intelligible categorization and condensation of psychological barriers and immersive features, by 2) suggesting a mapping that shows why and how immersive technologies can help to overcome barriers and finally by 3) proposing a generic prediction path that enables a structured, theory-based approach to the development and evaluation of immersive interventions. These three steps explain how BehaveFIT can be used, and include guiding questions for each step. Further, two use cases illustrate the usage of BehaveFIT. Thus, the present paper contributes to guidance for immersive intervention design and evaluation, showing that immersive interventions support behavior change processes and explain and predict 'why' and 'how' immersive interventions can bridge the intention-behavior-gap. KW - immersive technologies KW - behavior change KW - intervention design KW - intervention evaluation KW - framework KW - virtual reality KW - intention-behavior-gap KW - human-computer interaction Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258796 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eidel, Matthias A1 - Kübler, Andrea T1 - Wheelchair Control in a Virtual Environment by Healthy Participants Using a P300-BCI Based on Tactile Stimulation: Training Effects and Usability JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Tactile stimulation is less frequently used than visual for brain-computer interface (BCI) control, partly because of limitations in speed and accuracy. Non-visual BCI paradigms, however, may be required for patients who struggle with vision dependent BCIs because of a loss of gaze control. With the present study, we attempted to replicate earlier results by Herweg et al. (2016), with several minor adjustments and a focus on training effects and usability. We invited 16 healthy participants and trained them with a 4-class tactile P300-based BCI in five sessions. Their main task was to navigate a virtual wheelchair through a 3D apartment using the BCI. We found significant training effects on information transfer rate (ITR), which increased from a mean of 3.10–9.50 bits/min. Further, both online and offline accuracies significantly increased with training from 65% to 86% and 70% to 95%, respectively. We found only a descriptive increase of P300 amplitudes at Fz and Cz with training. Furthermore, we report subjective data from questionnaires, which indicated a relatively high workload and moderate to high satisfaction. Although our participants have not achieved the same high performance as in the Herweg et al. (2016) study, we provide evidence for training effects on performance with a tactile BCI and confirm the feasibility of the paradigm. KW - brain-computer interface (BCI) KW - event-related-potential (ERP) KW - P300 KW - tactile KW - wheelchair control KW - tactually evoked potentials KW - replication Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207775 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herget, Ann-Kristin A1 - Bötzl, Franziska T1 - Sounds Like Respect. The Impact of Background Music on the Acceptance of Gay Men in Audio-Visual Advertising JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Companies increasingly seek to use gay protagonists in audio-visual commercials to attract a new affluent target group. There is also growing demand for the diversity present in society to be reflected in media formats such as advertising. Studies have shown, however, that heterosexual consumers (especially men), who may be part of the company's loyal consumer base, tend to react negatively to gay-themed advertising campaigns. Searching for an instrument to mitigate this unwanted effect, the present study investigated whether carefully selected background music can shape the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects online experiment (musical connotation × gender of the participant), 218 heterosexual participants watched a commercial promoting engagement rings that featured gay male protagonists, scored with feminine- or masculine-connoted background music. As expected, women generally reacted more positively than men to the advertising. Men exposed to the masculine-connoted background music rated the promoted brand more positively, and masculine music also enhanced (at least in the short term) these men's acceptance of gay men in general (low and medium effect sizes) more than was the case for feminine background music. Carefully selected background music affecting the perceived gender of gay male advertising protagonists may prevent negative reactions from heterosexual audiences and, therefore, motivate companies to use gay protagonists in television commercials on a more regular basis. KW - music KW - perception KW - advertising KW - musical stereotypes KW - acceptance of gay men Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237236 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Robin A1 - Reichert, Manfred A1 - Pryss, Rüdiger T1 - Towards the interpretation of sound measurements from smartphones collected with mobile crowdsensing in the healthcare domain: an experiment with Android devices JF - Sensors N2 - The ubiquity of mobile devices fosters the combined use of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and mobile crowdsensing (MCS) in the field of healthcare. This combination not only allows researchers to collect ecologically valid data, but also to use smartphone sensors to capture the context in which these data are collected. The TrackYourTinnitus (TYT) platform uses EMA to track users' individual subjective tinnitus perception and MCS to capture an objective environmental sound level while the EMA questionnaire is filled in. However, the sound level data cannot be used directly among the different smartphones used by TYT users, since uncalibrated raw values are stored. This work describes an approach towards making these values comparable. In the described setting, the evaluation of sensor measurements from different smartphone users becomes increasingly prevalent. Therefore, the shown approach can be also considered as a more general solution as it not only shows how it helped to interpret TYT sound level data, but may also stimulate other researchers, especially those who need to interpret sensor data in a similar setting. Altogether, the approach will show that measuring sound levels with mobile devices is possible in healthcare scenarios, but there are many challenges to ensuring that the measured values are interpretable. KW - mHealth KW - crowdsensing KW - tinnitus KW - noise measurement KW - environmental sound Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252246 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunz, Julius A1 - Kneisel, Christof T1 - Glacier − Permafrost Interaction at a Thrust Moraine Complex in the Glacier Forefield Muragl, Swiss Alps JF - Geosciences N2 - The internal structures of a moraine complex mostly provide information about the manner in which they develop and thus they can transmit details about several processes long after they have taken place. While the occurrence of glacier–permafrost interactions during the formation of large thrust moraine complexes at polar and subpolar glaciers as well as at marginal positions of former ice sheets has been well understood, their role in the formation of moraines on comparatively small alpine glaciers is still very poorly investigated. Therefore, the question arises as to whether evidence of former glacier–permafrost interactions can still be found in glacier forefields of small alpine glaciers and to what extent these differ from the processes in finer materials at larger polar or subpolar glaciers. To investigate this, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were carried out in the area of a presumed alpine thrust moraine complex in order to investigate internal moraine structures. The ERT data confirmed the presence of a massive ice core within the central and proximal parts of the moraine complex. Using GPR, linear internal structures were detected, which were interpreted as internal shear planes due to their extent and orientation. These shear planes lead to the assumption that the moraine complex is of glaciotectonic origin. Based on the detected internal structures and the high electrical resistivity values, it must also be assumed that the massive ice core is of sedimentary or polygenetic origin. The combined approach of the two methods enabled the authors of this study to detect different internal structures and to deduce a conceptual model of the thrust moraine formation. KW - mountain permafrost KW - glacier–permafrost interaction KW - thrust moraine KW - near surface geophysics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205830 SN - 2076-3263 VL - 10 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ankenbrand, Markus J. A1 - Shainberg, Liliia A1 - Hock, Michael A1 - Lohr, David A1 - Schreiber, Laura M. T1 - Sensitivity analysis for interpretation of machine learning based segmentation models in cardiac MRI JF - BMC Medical Imaging N2 - Background Image segmentation is a common task in medical imaging e.g., for volumetry analysis in cardiac MRI. Artificial neural networks are used to automate this task with performance similar to manual operators. However, this performance is only achieved in the narrow tasks networks are trained on. Performance drops dramatically when data characteristics differ from the training set properties. Moreover, neural networks are commonly considered black boxes, because it is hard to understand how they make decisions and why they fail. Therefore, it is also hard to predict whether they will generalize and work well with new data. Here we present a generic method for segmentation model interpretation. Sensitivity analysis is an approach where model input is modified in a controlled manner and the effect of these modifications on the model output is evaluated. This method yields insights into the sensitivity of the model to these alterations and therefore to the importance of certain features on segmentation performance. Results We present an open-source Python library (misas), that facilitates the use of sensitivity analysis with arbitrary data and models. We show that this method is a suitable approach to answer practical questions regarding use and functionality of segmentation models. We demonstrate this in two case studies on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The first case study explores the suitability of a published network for use on a public dataset the network has not been trained on. The second case study demonstrates how sensitivity analysis can be used to evaluate the robustness of a newly trained model. Conclusions Sensitivity analysis is a useful tool for deep learning developers as well as users such as clinicians. It extends their toolbox, enabling and improving interpretability of segmentation models. Enhancing our understanding of neural networks through sensitivity analysis also assists in decision making. Although demonstrated only on cardiac magnetic resonance images this approach and software are much more broadly applicable. KW - deep learning KW - neural networks KW - cardiac magnetic resonance KW - sensitivity analysis KW - transformations KW - augmentation KW - segmentation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259169 VL - 21 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Birte A1 - Keller, Alexander A1 - Leonhardt, Sara Diana T1 - Diets maintained in a changing world: Does land-use intensification alter wild bee communities by selecting for flexible generalists? JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Biodiversity loss, as often found in intensively managed agricultural landscapes, correlates with reduced ecosystem functioning, for example, pollination by insects, and with altered plant composition, diversity, and abundance. But how does this change in floral resource diversity and composition relate to occurrence and resource use patterns of trap-nesting solitary bees? To better understand the impact of land-use intensification on communities of trap-nesting solitary bees in managed grasslands, we investigated their pollen foraging, reproductive fitness, and the nutritional quality of larval food along a land-use intensity gradient in Germany. We found bee species diversity to decrease with increasing land-use intensity irrespective of region-specific community compositions and interaction networks. Land use also strongly affected the diversity and composition of pollen collected by bees. Lack of suitable pollen sources likely explains the absence of several bee species at sites of high land-use intensity. The only species present throughout, Osmia bicornis (red mason bee), foraged on largely different pollen sources across sites. In doing so, it maintained a relatively stable, albeit variable nutritional quality of larval diets (i.e., protein to lipid (P:L) ratio). The observed changes in bee–plant pollen interaction patterns indicate that only the flexible generalists, such as O. bicornis, may be able to compensate the strong alterations in floral resource landscapes and to obtain food of sufficient quality through readily shifting to alternative plant sources. In contrast, other, less flexible, bee species disappear. KW - bee decline KW - biodiversity exploratories KW - foraging KW - metabarcoding KW - pollen nutrients KW - solitary bees Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312786 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Nathalie A1 - Demolombe, Vincent A1 - Hem, Sonia A1 - Rofidal, Valérie A1 - Steinmann, Laura A1 - Krouk, Gabriel A1 - Crabos, Amandine A1 - Nacry, Philippe A1 - Verdoucq, Lionel A1 - Santoni, Véronique T1 - Root membrane ubiquitinome under short-term osmotic stress JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Osmotic stress can be detrimental to plants, whose survival relies heavily on proteomic plasticity. Protein ubiquitination is a central post-translational modification in osmotic-mediated stress. In this study, we used the K-Ɛ-GG antibody enrichment method integrated with high-resolution mass spectrometry to compile a list of 719 ubiquitinated lysine (K-Ub) residues from 450 Arabidopsis root membrane proteins (58% of which are transmembrane proteins), thereby adding to the database of ubiquitinated substrates in plants. Although no ubiquitin (Ub) motifs could be identified, the presence of acidic residues close to K-Ub was revealed. Our ubiquitinome analysis pointed to a broad role of ubiquitination in the internalization and sorting of cargo proteins. Moreover, the simultaneous proteome and ubiquitinome quantification showed that ubiquitination is mostly not involved in membrane protein degradation in response to short osmotic treatment but that it is putatively involved in protein internalization, as described for the aquaporin PIP2;1. Our in silico analysis of ubiquitinated proteins shows that two E2 Ub-conjugating enzymes, UBC32 and UBC34, putatively target membrane proteins under osmotic stress. Finally, we revealed a positive role for UBC32 and UBC34 in primary root growth under osmotic stress. KW - aquaporin KW - mass spectrometry KW - osmotic stress KW - ubiquitination Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284003 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vedder, Daniel A1 - Lens, Luc A1 - Martin, Claudia A. A1 - Pellikka, Petri A1 - Adhikari, Hari A1 - Heiskanen, Janne A1 - Engler, Jan O. A1 - Sarmento Cabral, Juliano T1 - Hybridization may aid evolutionary rescue of an endangered East African passerine JF - Evolutionary Applications N2 - Abstract Introgressive hybridization is a process that enables gene flow across species barriers through the backcrossing of hybrids into a parent population. This may make genetic material, potentially including relevant environmental adaptations, rapidly available in a gene pool. Consequently, it has been postulated to be an important mechanism for enabling evolutionary rescue, that is the recovery of threatened populations through rapid evolutionary adaptation to novel environments. However, predicting the likelihood of such evolutionary rescue for individual species remains challenging. Here, we use the example of Zosterops silvanus, an endangered East African highland bird species suffering from severe habitat loss and fragmentation, to investigate whether hybridization with its congener Zosterops flavilateralis might enable evolutionary rescue of its Taita Hills population. To do so, we employ an empirically parameterized individual‐based model to simulate the species' behaviour, physiology and genetics. We test the population's response to different assumptions of mating behaviour and multiple scenarios of habitat change. We show that as long as hybridization does take place, evolutionary rescue of Z. silvanus is likely. Intermediate hybridization rates enable the greatest long‐term population growth, due to trade‐offs between adaptive and maladaptive introgressed alleles. Habitat change did not have a strong effect on population growth rates, as Z. silvanus is a strong disperser and landscape configuration is therefore not the limiting factor for hybridization. Our results show that targeted gene flow may be a promising avenue to help accelerate the adaptation of endangered species to novel environments, and demonstrate how to combine empirical research and mechanistic modelling to deliver species‐specific predictions for conservation planning. KW - evolutionary rescue KW - habitat change KW - individual‐based model KW - introgressive hybridization KW - Taita Hills KW - Zosterops silvanus Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287264 VL - 15 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marquardt, André A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Krebs, Markus A1 - Argentiero, Antonella A1 - Knott, Markus A1 - Solimando, Antonio Giovanni A1 - Kerscher, Alexander Georg T1 - Visual clustering of transcriptomic data from primary and metastatic tumors — dependencies and novel pitfalls JF - Genes N2 - Personalized oncology is a rapidly evolving area and offers cancer patients therapy options that are more specific than ever. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding transcriptomic similarities or differences of metastases and corresponding primary sites. Applying two unsupervised dimension reduction methods (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP)) on three datasets of metastases (n = 682 samples) with three different data transformations (unprocessed, log10 as well as log10 + 1 transformed values), we visualized potential underlying clusters. Additionally, we analyzed two datasets (n = 616 samples) containing metastases and primary tumors of one entity, to point out potential familiarities. Using these methods, no tight link between the site of resection and cluster formation outcome could be demonstrated, or for datasets consisting of solely metastasis or mixed datasets. Instead, dimension reduction methods and data transformation significantly impacted visual clustering results. Our findings strongly suggest data transformation to be considered as another key element in the interpretation of visual clustering approaches along with initialization and different parameters. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for a more thorough examination of parameters used in the analysis of clusters. KW - visual clustering KW - t-SNE KW - UMAP KW - transcriptomic analysis KW - cancer KW - metastasis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281872 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 13 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Moritz A1 - Brambrink, Sara A1 - Benditz, Achim A1 - Achenbach, Leonard A1 - Gehentges, Matthias A1 - König, Matthias Alexander T1 - Increase in lower limb strength after multimodal pain management in patients with low back pain JF - Medicina N2 - Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal pain therapy (MPM) regarding the objective parameter muscle strength of segment-dependent lower limb muscle groups before and after such a treatment. Materials and Methods: 52 patients with a history of low back pain and/or leg pain received standardized multimodal pain management. Strength of segment indicating lower limb muscles were assessed for each patient before and after ten days of treatment by handheld dynamometry. Results: Overall strength increased significantly from 23.6 kg ± 6.6 prior to treatment to 25.4 ± 7.3 after treatment, p ≤ 0.001. All muscle groups significantly increased in strength with exception of great toe extensors. Conclusions: Despite lower basic strength values at the beginning of treatment, all investigated muscle groups, except for the great toe extensors, showed a significant increase of overall strength after completion of the multimodal pain management concept. Increased overall strength could help with avoiding further need of medical care by supporting patients’ autonomy in daily life activities, as well as maintaining working abilities. Thus, our study is the first to show a significant positive influence on lower limb strength in patients with low back pain after a conservative MPM program. KW - multimodal pain management KW - low back pain KW - muscle strength KW - dynamometer Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284264 SN - 1648-9144 VL - 58 IS - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khapai, YS Sochuiwon Priscilla ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Rethinking the Culture of Education with Raymond Williams T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Willams, Raymond KW - Alltagskultur KW - Bildung KW - Indien KW - cultural studies KW - Williams, Raymond KW - ordinary culture KW - education KW - India Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305854 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Koch, Louisa ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Cultural Studies as a Question of Stance T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Internationalität KW - Alltagskultur KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty KW - cultural studies KW - internationalism KW - ordinary culture KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305845 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jetter, Tobias ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Introduction : Global Cultural Studies? T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Globalisierung KW - Kulturtheorie KW - Kulturpolitik KW - Sozialphilosophie KW - cultural studies KW - globalization KW - cultural theory KW - cultural politics KW - social philosophy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305815 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jetter, Tobias A1 - Ackermann, Zeno A1 - Snyder-Körber, MaryAnn ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Acknowledgements T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - cultural studies Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305790 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. A1 - Oberdörfer, Sebastian A1 - von Mammen, Sebastian A1 - Latoschik, Marc Erich A1 - Lugrin, Birgit T1 - Joyful adventures and frightening places – designing emotion-inducing virtual environments JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality N2 - Virtual environments (VEs) can evoke and support emotions, as experienced when playing emotionally arousing games. We theoretically approach the design of fear and joy evoking VEs based on a literature review of empirical studies on virtual and real environments as well as video games’ reviews and content analyses. We define the design space and identify central design elements that evoke specific positive and negative emotions. Based on that, we derive and present guidelines for emotion-inducing VE design with respect to design themes, colors and textures, and lighting configurations. To validate our guidelines in two user studies, we 1) expose participants to 360° videos of VEs designed following the individual guidelines and 2) immerse them in a neutral, positive and negative emotion-inducing VEs combining all respective guidelines in Virtual Reality. The results support our theoretically derived guidelines by revealing significant differences in terms of fear and joy induction. KW - virtual reality KW - virtual environments KW - immersion KW - emotions KW - design Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284831 SN - 2673-4192 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Imhoff, Johannes F. A1 - Rahn, Tanja A1 - Künzel, Sven A1 - Keller, Alexander A1 - Neulinger, Sven C. T1 - Osmotic adaptation and compatible solute biosynthesis of phototrophic bacteria as revealed from genome analyses JF - Microorganisms N2 - Osmotic adaptation and accumulation of compatible solutes is a key process for life at high osmotic pressure and elevated salt concentrations. Most important solutes that can protect cell structures and metabolic processes at high salt concentrations are glycine betaine and ectoine. The genome analysis of more than 130 phototrophic bacteria shows that biosynthesis of glycine betaine is common among marine and halophilic phototrophic Proteobacteria and their chemotrophic relatives, as well as in representatives of Pirellulaceae and Actinobacteria, but are also found in halophilic Cyanobacteria and Chloroherpeton thalassium. This ability correlates well with the successful toleration of extreme salt concentrations. Freshwater bacteria in general lack the possibilities to synthesize and often also to take up these compounds. The biosynthesis of ectoine is found in the phylogenetic lines of phototrophic Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, most prominent in the Halorhodospira species and a number of Rhodobacteraceae. It is also common among Streptomycetes and Bacilli. The phylogeny of glycine-sarcosine methyltransferase (GMT) and diaminobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase (EctB) sequences correlate well with otherwise established phylogenetic groups. Most significantly, GMT sequences of cyanobacteria form two major phylogenetic branches and the branch of Halorhodospira species is distinct from all other Ectothiorhodospiraceae. A variety of transport systems for osmolytes are present in the studied bacteria. KW - genomes of photosynthetic bacteria KW - glycine betaine biosynthesis KW - ectoine biosynthesis KW - osmotic adaptation KW - phylogeny of osmolyte biosynthesis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220161 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 9 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Britz, Sebastian A1 - Markert, Sebastian Matthias A1 - Witvliet, Daniel A1 - Steyer, Anna Maria A1 - Tröger, Sarah A1 - Mulcahy, Ben A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Schwab, Yannick A1 - Zhen, Mei A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - Structural Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larval Anterior Sensilla by Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy JF - Frontiers in Neuroanatomy N2 - At the end of the first larval stage, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans developing in harsh environmental conditions is able to choose an alternative developmental path called the dauer diapause. Dauer larvae exhibit different physiology and behaviors from non-dauer larvae. Using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we volumetrically reconstructed the anterior sensory apparatus of C. elegans dauer larvae with unprecedented precision. We provide a detailed description of some neurons, focusing on structural details that were unknown or unresolved by previously published studies. They include the following: (1) dauer-specific branches of the IL2 sensory neurons project into the periphery of anterior sensilla and motor or putative sensory neurons at the sub-lateral cords; (2) ciliated endings of URX sensory neurons are supported by both ILso and AMso socket cells near the amphid openings; (3) variability in amphid sensory dendrites among dauers; and (4) somatic RIP interneurons maintain their projection into the pharyngeal nervous system. Our results support the notion that dauer larvae structurally expand their sensory system to facilitate searching for more favorable environments. KW - FIB-SEM KW - 3D reconstruction KW - neuroanatomy KW - IL2 branching KW - amphids KW - Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) KW - dauer Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249622 SN - 1662-5129 VL - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Martin A1 - Paul, Mila M. A1 - Proppert, Sven A1 - Mrestani, Achmed A1 - Sharifi, Marzieh A1 - Repp, Felix A1 - Kürzinger, Lydia A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Heckmann, Manfred A1 - Sirén, Anna-Leena T1 - Targeted volumetric single-molecule localization microscopy of defined presynaptic structures in brain sections JF - Communications Biology N2 - Revealing the molecular organization of anatomically precisely defined brain regions is necessary for refined understanding of synaptic plasticity. Although three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization microscopy can provide the required resolution, imaging more than a few micrometers deep into tissue remains challenging. To quantify presynaptic active zones (AZ) of entire, large, conditional detonator hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) boutons with diameters as large as 10 mu m, we developed a method for targeted volumetric direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). An optimized protocol for fast repeated axial scanning and efficient sequential labeling of the AZ scaffold Bassoon and membrane bound GFP with Alexa Fluor 647 enabled 3D-dSTORM imaging of 25 mu m thick mouse brain sections and assignment of AZs to specific neuronal substructures. Quantitative data analysis revealed large differences in Bassoon cluster size and density for distinct hippocampal regions with largest clusters in MF boutons. Pauli et al. develop targeted volumetric dSTORM in order to image large hippocampal mossy fiber boutons (MFBs) in brain slices. They can identify synaptic targets of individual MFBs and measured size and density of Bassoon clusters within individual untruncated MFBs at nanoscopic resolution. KW - mossy fiber synapses KW - CA3 pyrimidal cells KW - CA2+ channels KW - active zone KW - hippocampal KW - release KW - plasticity KW - proteins KW - platform KW - reveals Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259830 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vedder, Daniel A1 - Ankenbrand, Markus A1 - Sarmento Cabral, Juliano T1 - Dealing with software complexity in individual‐based models JF - Methods in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Individual-based models are doubly complex: as well as representing complex ecological systems, the software that implements them is complex in itself. Both forms of complexity must be managed to create reliable models. However, the ecological modelling literature to date has focussed almost exclusively on the biological complexity. Here, we discuss methods for containing software complexity. Strategies for containing complexity include avoiding, subdividing, documenting and reviewing it. Computer science has long-established techniques for all of these strategies. We present some of these techniques and set them in the context of IBM development, giving examples from published models. Techniques for avoiding software complexity are following best practices for coding style, choosing suitable programming languages and file formats and setting up an automated workflow. Complex software systems can be made more tractable by encapsulating individual subsystems. Good documentation needs to take into account the perspectives of scientists, users and developers. Code reviews are an effective way to check for errors, and can be used together with manual or automated unit and integration tests. Ecological modellers can learn from computer scientists how to deal with complex software systems. Many techniques are readily available, but must be disseminated among modellers. There is a need for further work to adapt software development techniques to the requirements of academic research groups and individual-based modelling. KW - software development KW - ecological modelling KW - individual-based models KW - model complexity KW - research software engineering KW - software complexity Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258214 VL - 12 IS - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saundarya, ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Food Cultures: Dynamics of Caste, Gender, Religion, and Class in India T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Nahrung KW - Kaste KW - Geschlecht KW - Religion KW - cultural studies KW - food cultures KW - caste system KW - gender KW - religion Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305901 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mantraraj, Sudeeti Geeta ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - Strategies for Survival and Resources for Resistance T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Indien KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Hall, Stuart KW - Jameson, Frederic KW - cultural studies KW - India KW - Williams, Raymond KW - Hall, Stuart KW - Jameson, Frederic Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305948 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Döring, Adrian ED - Jetter, Tobias T1 - A New International T2 - Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames N2 - No abstract available. KW - Kulturwissenschaften KW - Marxismus KW - Internationalität KW - Subjektivität KW - Widerstand KW - cultural studies KW - Marxist theory KW - internationalism KW - subjectivity KW - subversiveness Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305898 PB - Würzburg University Press CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bobineau, Julien ED - Callsen, Berit ED - Gold, Martina ED - Goldmann, Julius ED - Hesselbach, Robert ED - Hornung, Christoph ED - Meisnitzer, Benjamin ED - Ravasio, Paola T1 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik. Band 2 T2 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Die Zeitschrift promptus – Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik richtet sich an alle NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen im Bereich der romanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Fachdidaktik. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist die Förderung der romanistischen Forschung im Allgemeinen und des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses der Romanistik im Besonderen. Sie versteht sich damit als Impulsgeber für junge romanistische Forschung, ohne sich dabei thematisch zu beschränken. KW - Romanistik KW - Literaturwissenschaft KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs KW - Zeitschrift Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161247 SN - 978-3-946101-01-7 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 2/2016 ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bobineau, Julien ED - Dembruk, Sofina ED - Eibensteiner, Lukas ED - Goldmann, Julius ED - Hesselbach, Robert ED - Koch, Christian ED - Ravasio, Paola T1 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik. Band 6 (2020) T2 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Die Zeitschrift promptus – Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik erscheint einmal jährlich und wird durch den gemeinnützigen Verein promptus e.V. herausgegeben. Sie richtet sich an alle Nachwuchswissenschaftler im Bereich der romanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Fachdidaktik und bietet diesen die Möglichkeit, in einem frühen Stadium ihrer akademischen Laufbahn qualitativ hochwertige Arbeiten zu publizieren. Zudem versteht sich die Zeitschrift als Impulsgeber für junge romanistische Forschung, ohne sich dabei thematisch zu beschränken. KW - Literaturwissenschaft KW - Medien-/Kulturwissenschaft KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Fachdidaktik KW - Romanistik Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-243951 SN - 978-3-946101-04-8 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 6/2020 ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bobineau, Julien ED - Callsen, Berit ED - Goldmann, Julius ED - Hesselbach, Robert ED - Hornung, Christoph ED - Koch, Christian ED - Ravasio, Paola T1 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik. Band 4 (2018) T2 - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Die Zeitschrift promptus – Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik richtet sich an alle NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen im Bereich der romanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie der Fachdidaktik. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist die Förderung der romanistischen Forschung im Allgemeinen und des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses der Romanistik im Besonderen. Sie versteht sich damit als Impulsgeber für junge romanistische Forschung, ohne sich dabei thematisch zu beschränken. KW - Literaturwissenschaft KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Romanistik KW - Zeitschrift KW - wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187883 SN - 978-3-946101-03-1 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 4/2018 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klein, Wolf Peter T1 - Die Lexica facultatum et artium von J. H. Alsted BT - Versuch einer Explikation des Sprachfundaments vormoderner Wissenschaft T2 - Vernakuläre Wissenschaftskommunikation : Beiträge zur Entstehung und Frühgeschichte der modernen deutschen Wissenschaftssprachen N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Deutsch KW - Wissenschaftssprache KW - Geschichte Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268596 PB - Walter de Gruyter CY - Berlin u.a. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leschzyk, Dinah T1 - Corona-Kommunikation. Wie Jair Bolsonaro die Wissenschaft diskreditiert und Verschwörungstheorien befeuert JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This article deals with discursive and argumentative strategies used by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to bring science in discredit during the 2020’s COVID-19-pandemic. Based on official statements and Tweets launched over the crisis the Discourse-Historical Approach is applied to make strategies brought into play by Bolsonaro visible. While the President declares scientific advice such as distancing and quarantine as ineffective, he recommends the use of hydroxychloroquine as well as old fashioned prayers for staying safe and healthy. He evokes that there are «fake news» and «partners of paralysis», to which he responds by demasking and bringing the one and only truth towards «the people». The analysis points out that Bolsonaro is downplaying the virus and the risk of transmission and puts the economy ahead of health. His supporters as a consequence tend to ignore the WHO recommendations how to behave during the pandemic. KW - COVID-19 KW - Coronavirus KW - Jair Bolsonaro KW - anti-science KW - discursive strategy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244271 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raab, Philipp T1 - Diskursmarker in den iberoromanischen Sprachen: Definition, Identifikation, Klassifikation JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Over the past few decades, a multitude of scientific research has been published on the topic of discourse markers, intending to define this linguistic phenomenon. Despite this increase of interest in discourse markers, fundamental questions pivotal to a clear definition remain unanswered. On basis of an empirical analysis of Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan discussions, this essay sets out to demonstrate that combining of the two prevailing research approaches (formal-syntactical vs. functional-pragmatic) has advantageous effects on the definition of discourse markers. KW - Diskursmarker KW - Spanisch KW - Portugiesisch KW - Katalanisch KW - Diskursmarker KW - Diskurspartikel KW - Spanisch KW - Portugiesisch KW - Katalanisch Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187983 SN - 2364-6705 VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hornung, Christoph A1 - Hesselbach, Robert T1 - Interview mit Prof. em. Dr. Theodor Berchem JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - Prof. em. Dr. Theodor Berchem (*1935) promovierte 1963 in Paris und habilitierte sich 1966 an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. Von 1967 bis 2003 war er Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Romanische Sprachwissenschaft an der Universität Würzburg. Daneben bekleidete er eine große Anzahl weiterer Ämter: Er war Präsident der Universität Würzburg (1975-2003), Präsident des DAAD (1988-2007), Vorsitzender der Bayerischen Rektorenkonferenz (1978-1982) sowie Vizepräsident (1979-1983) und Präsident (1983-1987) der Westdeutschen Rektorenkonferenz. Zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten gehören Dialektologie, Phonetik/Phonologie, Morphosyntax, Stilistik und Wortgeschichte. KW - wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs KW - Biographisches Interview KW - Hochschulpolitik KW - Romanistik KW - Karriere Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161239 SN - 2364-6705 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robinson, Thomas M. A1 - Hutmacher, Dietmar W. A1 - Dalton, Paul D. T1 - The next frontier in melt electrospinning: taming the jet JF - Advanced Functional Materials N2 - There is a specialized niche for the electrohydrodynamic jetting of melts, from biomedical products to filtration and soft matter applications. The next frontier includes optics, microfluidics, flexible electronic devices, and soft network composites in biomaterial science and soft robotics. The recent emphasis on reproducibly direct‐writing continual molten jets has enabled a spectrum of contemporary microscale 3D objects to be fabricated. One strong suit of melt processing is the capacity for the jet to solidify rapidly into a fiber, thus fixing a particular structure into position. The ability to direct‐write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures has greatly contributed to a large number of recent studies, explicitly, toward fiber–hydrogel composites and fugitive inks, and has expanded into several biomedical applications such as cartilage, skin, periosteum, and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Following the footsteps of a publication that summarized melt electrowriting literature up to 2015, the most recent literature from then until now is reviewed to provide a continuous and comprehensive timeline that demonstrates the latest advances as well as new perspectives for this emerging technology. KW - 3D printing KW - additive manufacturing KW - eletrhydrodynamic KW - melt electrospinning writing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204819 VL - 29 ER -