TY - JOUR A1 - Jakubietz, Michael G. A1 - Meffert, Rainer H. A1 - Schmidt, Karsten A1 - Gruenert, Joerg G. A1 - Jakubietz, Rafael G. T1 - Acute A4 Pulley Reconstruction with a First Extensor Compartment Onlay Graft JF - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open N2 - Background: The integrity of the flexor tendon pulley apparatus is crucial for unimpaired function of the digits. Although secondary reconstruction is an established procedure in multi-pulley injuries, acute reconstruction of isolated, closed pulley ruptures is a rare occurrence. There are 3 factors influencing the functional outcome of a reconstruction: gapping distance between tendon and bone (E-space), bulkiness of the reconstruction, and stability. As direct repair is rarely done, grafts are used to reinforce the pulley. An advantage of the first extensor retinaculum graft is the synovial coating providing the possibility to be used both as a direct graft with synovial coating or as an onlay graft after removal of the synovia when the native synovial layer is present. Methods: A graft from the first dorsal extensor compartment is used as an onlay graft to reinforce the sutured A4 pulley. This technique allows reconstruction of the original dimensions of the pulley system while stability is ensured by anchoring the onlay graft to the bony insertions of the pulley. Results: Anatomical reconstruction can be achieved with this method. The measured E-space remained 0 mm throughout the recovery, while the graft incorporated as a slim reinforcement of the pulley, displaying no bulkiness. Conclusions: The ideal reconstruction should provide synovial coating and sufficient strength with minimal bulk. Early reconstruction using an onlay graft offers these options. The native synovial lining is preserved and the graft is used to reinforce the pulley. KW - surgery KW - pulley rupture Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158057 VL - 5 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jordan, Martin C. A1 - Bittrich, Leonie A. A1 - Fehske, Kai A1 - Meffert, Rainer H. A1 - Jansen, Hendrik T1 - A rare case of Hoffa fracture combined with lateral patellar dislocation JF - Trauma Case Reports N2 - The coronal unicondylar fracture of the distal femur (AO 33-B3) is a rare intraarticular injury within the weight bearing area of the knee, initially described by Albert Hoffa in 1904. We report an unusual combination of a Hoffa fracture with lateral patellar dislocation in a young adult. Our patient sustained the injury by a sudden twist of his leg during sports. He presented clinically with knee swelling, dislocation of the patella, and localized tenderness; unable to bare weight. After plane radiograph confirmed the injury, manual reduction of the patella was done by hyperextension of the knee and medialward pressure. Afterwards, a CT scan and MRI were conducted. The injury was surgically treated with lag-screws, locking-plate and MPFL-reconstruction. KW - dislocation KW - femur KW - fracture KW - Hoffa KW - MPFL KW - patella Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158315 VL - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Höhn, Stefan T1 - Geologischer Rahmen und Genese der Kupferberger Cu-Zn-Lagerstätte T1 - Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Cu-Zn deposit at Kupferberg N2 - Bei der Cu-Zn-Lagerstätte bei Kupferberg, 10 km nordöstlich von Kulmbach, handelt es sich um Bayerns größten, historischen Buntmetallabbau. Der etwa 4 km lange Zug einzelner, stratiformer Erzlinsen befindet sich im Nordwesten in der parautochthonen Randschiefer Formation und im Südosten in der Prasinit-Phyllit Formation, die ein Teil der allochthonen Münchberger Gneismasse ist. Bisherige Versuche, die Genese der Lagerstätte zu erklären, scheiterten daran, den versatzlosen Übertritt einer stratiformen Lagerstätte über eine regional bedeutende Störungszone zu erklären. U-Pb Zirkondatierungen an mafischen und felsischen Vulkaniten im Umfeld der Lagerstätte bestätigten das Bild eines kambrisch-ordovizischen Extensionsvulkanismus. Das Fehlen von N-MORB-ähnlichen geochemischen Signaturen in den untersuchten Proben der gesamten südwestlichen, saxothuringischen Vogtland Synklinale deutet auf eine gescheiterte Riftbildung am Nordrand Gondwanas hin und setzt somit den geotektonischen Rahmen für die Ablagerung der Wirtsformation(en). Die Cu-Zn-Vererzung selbst liegt hier im Wesentlichen als Vergesellschaftung von Pyrit, Chalkopyrit, Sphalerit, Quarz und Kalzit in kohlenstoffreichem Tonschiefer vor. Die verschiedenen Untersuchungen an den beiden Erzlinsen zeigten, dass in der „St. Veits“ Erzlinse eine syngenetische Pyrit-Anreicherung mit charakteristisch niedrigen Co/Ni-Verhältnissen (ø = 3,7) vorliegt. Darüber hinaus konnte dort noch mindestens eine hydrothermale Pyrit-Generation (Co/Ni-Verhältnis ca. 35) nachgewiesen werden, die nur dort auftritt, wo auch Chalkopyrit angereichert ist und deutlich höhere Co/Ni-Verhältnisse aufweist (ø = 35). Die Ermittlung der Cu-Isotopenverhältnisse des Chalkopyrits zeigte ein δ65Cu-Spektrum von -0,26 bis 0,36 ‰, was stark für eine hydrothermale Anreicherung unter hohen (>250 °C) Temperaturbedingungen spricht. Während sich die Erzlinsen in der Randschiefer und Prasinit-Phyllit Formation hinsichtlich ihrer Sulfid-Mineralogie so ähnlich sind, dass sie bisher immer als eine Lagerstätte angesprochen wurden, erbrachte ein statistischer Vergleich der beiden δ34S-Datensätze, dass es sich hier nur mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von ca. 2 % um Stichproben der gleichen Grundgesamtheit handelt. Entsprechend liegen innerhalb der Kupferberger Lagerstätte zwei unterschiedliche Schichten, reich an syngenetischem Pyrit, vor. Die Tatsache, dass das δ34S-Spektrum potentieller Schwefelquellen für die hydrothermale Chalkopyrit-Mineralisation theoretisch sehr groß, de facto aber mit dem δ34S-Spektrum der syngenetischen Sulfidanreicherung fast identisch ist (δ34S = 3,2 ± 0,6 ‰ bzw. δ34S = 3,1 ± 0,9 ‰), spricht für eine schichtinterne Sulfidmobilisierung. Aus den hier erbrachten Ergebnissen wird ein genetisches Modell für die Kupferberger Lagerstätte geschlussfolgert, in dem jeweils eine der zahlreichen sedimentären, Pyrit-reichen Schichten aus der Randschiefer und der Prasinit-Phyllit Formation bei der Überschiebung der Münchberger Gneismasse tektonisch in Kontakt gebracht wurden. Im Zuge eben dieser Raumnahme der allochthonen Masse wurden Teile der Randschiefer Formation unter Grünschiefer-fazielle Bedingungen gebracht. Dabei kam es sowohl zur Freisetzung von Buntmetallen, die vorher zum Großteil in Pyrit gebunden waren, als auch zur Entwässerung der umliegenden Tonschiefer. Durch die überlagernden, impermeablen metamorphen Decken wurde das entstandene metallreiche Fluid an der Überschiebungsbahn kanalisiert. Durch den Druckabfall in der Spröde-Duktil-Übergangszone kam es zum Sieden des aufsteigenden Fluids, was zur Ausfällung der Sulfide führte. Die Bildung bedeutender Erzlinsen erfolgte vor allem dort, wo das übersättigte Fluid auf Pyrit-reiche Schwarzschiefer bzw. Phyllite traf. Da die Abbauwürdigkeit dieser Erzlinsen im Wesentlichen auf die epigenetische Überprägung im Zuge der Deckenüberschiebung zurückzuführen ist, handelt es sich bei der Kupferberger Cu-Zn-Vererzung um eines der seltenen Beispiele für eine tatsächliche metamorphogene bzw. syntektonische Buntmetalllagerstätte. N2 - Kupferberg is located c. 10 km in the east of Kulmbach in Upper Franconia (northeastern Bavaria). The stratiform Cu-Zn deposit represents Bavaria´s largest base metal deposit, for which up to now no decent genetic model existed. In the northeast, the c. 4 km long string of separate, stratiform ore lenses is part of the parautochthonous Randschiefer Formation and in the southeast, it is hosted by the high-grade, allochthonous Münchberg metamorphic complex. None of the previous investigations were able to explain, why this stratiform ore deposit cross-cuts on of the region´s major fault zones without any offset. The ore itself has a remarkably simple mineralogy, it consists mainly of pyrite with variable amounts of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, accompanied by quartz and calcite. Various investigations (among others U-Pb zircon dating, Cu- and S-isotopic analyses) revealed a two-stage genetic model for the Kupferberg Cu-Zn deposit: A syngenetic pyrite-enrichment and a hydrothermal sulfide-enrichment. The latter was the product of a syn-orogenic fluid-expulsion from beneath the Münchberg metamorphic complex, which makes Kupferberg a syntectonic, metamorphogenic base metal deposit. KW - Lagerstätte KW - Saxothuringikum KW - Kupferberg KW - Kupfer KW - Variszische Gebirgsbildung KW - Variszische Orogenese KW - Metamorphogen Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155759 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Brix, Kerstin T1 - Die deutsche Suetonübersetzung Jakob Vielfelds (1536). Transkript nach dem Digitalisat der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek München (Res/2 A.lat.b. 705; VD16 S 10107) N2 - Der vorliegende Text ist das Transkript der ersten deutschen Gesamtübersetzung von Suetons Kaiserviten, die 1536 bei dem Straßburger Drucker Jakob Cammerlander erschien und die in der Dissertation „Sueton in Straßburg. Die Übersetzung der Kaiserviten durch Jakob Vielfeld (1536)“ (Spolia Berolinensia; Verlag Olms, Hildesheim 2017) umfassend untersucht worden ist. Das Transkript präsentiert diese Übersetzung, obwohl Digitalisate des Cammerlanderdruckes existieren. Dem liegt zugrunde, dass das Transkript im Zuge der erwähnten Dissertation entstand, deren Zentrum der direkte und detaillierte Textvergleich bildet; der Nachvollzug dieses Textvergleichs sollte mithilfe des entsprechend aufbereiteten Transkripts erleichtert werden. Außerdem war es das Ziel, neben den Detailuntersuchungen auch den bisher wenig beachteten deutschen Sueton als ganzen stärker zur Geltung zu bringen. Aber auch ohne die Konsultation der Studie kann das Transkript Grundlage für den bequemen Vergleich der Übersetzung mit dem lateinischen Text in der Referenzausgabe von Maximilian Ihm (editio maior, 1907) sein. Gegenüber dem digitalisierten Druck sind die deutschen Kaiserviten besonders durch zwei Eingriffe für moderne Leser aufbereitet worden: Zum einen enthält der frühneuzeitliche Druck keine Abschnittszählung, sodass es umständlicher ist, frühneuhochdeutsche Textstellen den entsprechenden Passagen in der Ausgabe Ihms zuzuordnen, und so ist das Transkript durchgängig mit Abschnittsziffern ausgestattet, die sich an der lateinischen Edition orientieren. Zum anderen kommen bei der Wiedergabe der deutschen Übersetzung – auch dies in Analogie zu Ihms Ausgabe – konsequent moderne Interpunktionsregeln zum Einsatz, wodurch sich die gedanklichen Strukturen des Textes leichter überblicken lassen und dieser insgesamt flüssiger zu lesen ist. KW - Vielfeld KW - Sueton KW - Suetonübersetzung KW - Kaiserviten KW - Cammerlander KW - Kaiserbiographien KW - De vita Caesarum KW - Übersetzung KW - 1536 KW - Straßburg Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152831 N1 - Transkript einer frühneuhochdeutschen Übersetzung als Begleitmaterial zu der im Buchhandel erschienenen Dissertation: "Brix, Kerstin: Sueton in Straßburg. - Hildesheim : Weidmann, 2017. - ISBN: 978-3-615-00427-4" ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Born, Dennis‐Peter A1 - Kunz, Philipp A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Reliability and validity of an agility‐like incremental exercise test with multidirectional change‐of‐direction movements in response to a visual stimulus JF - Physiological Reports N2 - The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables, that is, peak oxygen uptake (V'O\(_{2peak}\)) and heart rate (HR\(_{peak}\)), obtained from an agility‐like incremental exercise test for team sport athletes. To investigate the test–retest reliability, 25 team sport athletes (age: 22 ± 3 years, body mass: 75 ± 7 kg, height: 182 ± 6 cm) performed an agility‐like incremental exercise test on the SpeedCourt (SC) system incorporating multidirectional change‐of‐direction (COD) movements twice. For each step of the incremental SC test, the athletes covered a 40‐m distance interspersed with a 10‐sec rest period. Each 40 m distance was split into short sprints (2.25–6.36 m) separated by multidirectional COD movements (0°–180°), which were performed in response to an external visual stimulus. All performance and physiological data were validated with variables obtained from a ramp‐like treadmill and Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery level 2 test (Yo‐Yo IR2). The incremental SC test revealed high test–retest reliability for the time to exhaustion (ICC = 0.85, typical error [TE] = 0.44, and CV% = 3.88), V'O\(_{2peak}\), HR\(_{peak}\), ventilation, and breathing frequency (ICC = 0.84, 0.72, 0.89, 0.77, respectively). The time to exhaustion (r = 0.50, 0.74) of the incremental SC test as well as the peak values for V'O\(_{2}\) (r = 0.59, 0.52), HR (r = 0.75, 0.78), ventilation (r = 0.57, 0.57), and breathing frequency (r = 0.68, 0.68) were significantly correlated (P ≤ 0.01) with the ramp‐like treadmill test and the Yo‐Yo IR2, respectively. The incremental SC test represents a reliable and valid method to assess peak values for V'O\(_{2}\) and HR with respect to the specific demand of team sport match play by incorporating multidirectional COD movements, decision making, and cognitive components. KW - speed KW - Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery KW - change‐of‐direction movement KW - repeated sprint ability KW - team sport Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158265 VL - 5 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Sebastian A1 - Sauer, Florian A1 - Kisker, Caroline T1 - The structural and functional characterization of human RecQ4 reveals insights into its helicase mechanism JF - Nature Communications N2 - RecQ4 is a member of the RecQ helicase family, an evolutionarily conserved class of enzymes, dedicated to preserving genomic integrity by operating in telomere maintenance, DNA repair and replication. While reduced RecQ4 activity is associated with cancer predisposition and premature aging, RecQ4 upregulation is related to carcinogenesis and metastasis. Within the RecQ family, RecQ4 assumes an exceptional position, lacking several characteristic RecQ domains. Here we present the crystal structure of human RecQ4, encompassing the conserved ATPase core and a novel C-terminal domain that lacks resemblance to the RQC domain observed in other RecQ helicases. The new domain features a zinc-binding site and two distinct types of winged-helix domains, which are not involved in canonical DNA binding or helicase activity. Based on our structural and functional analysis, we propose that RecQ4 exerts a helicase mechanism, which may be more closely related to bacterial RecQ helicases than to its human family members. KW - x-ray crystallography KW - enzymes KW - RecQ4 KW - humans Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170769 VL - 8 IS - 15907 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruf, Franziska A1 - Fraunholz, Martin A1 - Öchsner, Konrad A1 - Kaderschabeck, Johann A1 - Wegener, Christian T1 - WEclMon - A simple and robust camera-based system to monitor Drosophila eclosion under optogenetic manipulation and natural conditions JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Eclosion in flies and other insects is a circadian-gated behaviour under control of a central and a peripheral clock. It is not influenced by the motivational state of an animal, and thus presents an ideal paradigm to study the relation and signalling pathways between central and peripheral clocks, and downstream peptidergic regulatory systems. Little is known, however, about eclosion rhythmicity under natural conditions, and research into this direction is hampered by the physically closed design of current eclosion monitoring systems. We describe a novel open eclosion monitoring system (WEclMon) that allows the puparia to come into direct contact with light, temperature and humidity. We demonstrate that the system can be used both in the laboratory and outdoors, and shows a performance similar to commercial closed funnel-type monitors. Data analysis is semi-automated based on a macro toolset for the open imaging software Fiji. Due to its open design, the WEclMon is also well suited for optogenetic experiments. A small screen to identify putative neuroendocrine signals mediating time from the central clock to initiate eclosion showed that optogenetic activation of ETH-, EH and myosuppressin neurons can induce precocious eclosion. Genetic ablation of myosuppressin-expressing neurons did, however, not affect eclosion rhythmicity. KW - chronobiology KW - infrared radiation KW - light pulses KW - molting KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - optogenetics KW - eclosion Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170755 VL - 12 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hillmann, Steffi A1 - Wiedmann, Silke A1 - Rücker, Viktoria A1 - Berger, Klaus A1 - Nabavi, Darius A1 - Bruder, Ingo A1 - Koennecke, Hans-Christian A1 - Seidel, Günter A1 - Misselwitz, Björn A1 - Janssen, Alfred A1 - Burmeister, Christoph A1 - Matthis, Christine A1 - Busse, Otto A1 - Hermanek, Peter A1 - Heuschmann, Peter Ulrich T1 - Stroke unit care in Germany: the German stroke registers study group (ADSR) JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background: Factors influencing access to stroke unit (SU) care and data on quality of SU care in Germany are scarce. We investigated characteristics of patients directly admitted to a SU as well as patient-related and structural factors influencing adherence to predefined indicators of quality of acute stroke care across hospitals providing SU care. Methods: Data were derived from the German Stroke Registers Study Group (ADSR), a voluntary network of 9 regional registers for monitoring quality of acute stroke care in Germany. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate characteristics influencing direct admission to SU. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used to estimate the influence of structural hospital characteristics (percentage of patients admitted to SU, year of SU-certification, and number of stroke and TIA patients treated per year) on adherence to predefined quality indicators. Results: In 2012 180,887 patients were treated in 255 hospitals providing certified SU care participating within the ADSR were included in the analysis; of those 82.4% were directly admitted to a SU. Ischemic stroke patients without disturbances of consciousness (p < .0001), an interval onset to admission time ≤3 h (p < .0001), and weekend admission (p < .0001) were more likely to be directly admitted to a SU. A higher proportion of quality indicators within predefined target ranges were achieved in hospitals with a higher proportion of SU admission (p = 0.0002). Quality of stroke care could be maintained even if certification was several years ago. Conclusions: Differences in demographical and clinical characteristics regarding the probability of SU admission were observed. The influence of structural characteristics on adherence to evidence-based quality indicators was low. KW - stroke register KW - stroke unit care KW - quality of health care KW - quality indicators Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159447 VL - 17 IS - 49 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bening, Constanze A1 - Hamouda, Khaled A1 - Oezkur, Mehmet A1 - Schimmer, Christoph A1 - Schade, Ina A1 - Gorski, Armin A1 - Aleksic, Ivan A1 - Leyh, Rainer T1 - Rapid deployment valve system shortens operative times for aortic valve replacement through right anterior minithoracotomy JF - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery N2 - Background: There is growing evidence from the literature that right anterior minithoracotomy aortic valve replacement (RAT-AVR) improves clinical outcome. However, increased cross clamp time is the strongest argument for surgeons not performing RAT-AVR. Rapid deployment aortic valve systems have the potential to decrease cross-clamp time and ease this procedure. We assessed clinical outcome of rapid deployment and conventional valves through RAT. Methods: Sixty-eight patients (mean age 76 ± 6 years, 32% females) underwent RAT-AVR between 9/2013 and 7/2015. According to the valve type implanted the patients were divided into two groups. In 43 patients (R-group; mean age 74.1 ± 6.6 years) a rapid deployment valve system (Edwards Intuity, Edwards Lifesciences Corp; Irvine, Calif) and in 25 patients (C-group; mean age 74.2 ± 6.6 years) a conventional stented biological aortic valve was implanted. Results: Aortic cross-clamp (42.1 ± 12 min vs. 68.3 ± 20.3 min; p < 0.001) and bypass time (80.4 ± 39.3 min vs. 106.6 ± 23.2 min; p = 0.001) were shorter in the rapid deployment group (R-group). We observed no differences in clinical outcome. Postoperative gradients (R-group: max gradient, 14.3 ± 8 mmHg vs. 15.5 ± 5 mmHg (C-group), mean gradient, 9.2 ± 1.7 mmHg (R-group) vs. 9.1 ± 2.3 mmHg (C-group) revealed no differences. However, larger prostheses were implanted in C-group (25 mm; IQR 23–27 mm vs. 23 mm; IQR 21–25; p = 0.009). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the rapid deployment aortic valve system reduced cross clamp and bypass time in patients undergoing RAT-AVR with similar hemodynamics as with larger size stented prosthesis. However, larger studies and long-term follow-up are mandatory to confirm our findings. KW - aortic valve replacement KW - minimally invasive surgery KW - heart valve prosthesis KW - biological rapid deployment aortic valve Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159439 VL - 12 IS - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Düking, Peter A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Instant Biofeedback Provided by Wearable Sensor Technology Can Help to Optimize Exercise and Prevent Injury and Overuse JF - Frontiers in Physiology KW - sports KW - training optimization KW - performance monitoring KW - health monitoring KW - technology KW - coaching Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158044 VL - 8 IS - 167 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmprobst, Frederik A1 - Lillesaar, Christina A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - Expression of sept3, sept5a and sept5b in the Developing and Adult Nervous System of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) JF - Frontiers in Neuroanatomy N2 - Septins are a highly conserved family of small GTPases that form cytoskeletal filaments. Their cellular functions, especially in the nervous system, still remain largely enigmatic, but there are accumulating lines of evidence that septins play important roles in neuronal physiology and pathology. In order to further dissect septin function in the nervous system a detailed temporal resolved analysis in the genetically well tractable model vertebrate zebrafish (Danio rerio) is crucially necessary. To close this knowledge gap we here provide a reference dataset describing the expression of selected septins (sept3, sept5a and sept5b) in the zebrafish central nervous system. Strikingly, proliferation zones are devoid of expression of all three septins investigated, suggesting that they have a role in post-mitotic neural cells. Our finding that three septins are mainly expressed in non-proliferative regions was further confirmed by double-stainings with a proliferative marker. Our RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) study, detecting sept3, sept5a and sept5b mRNAs, shows that all three septins are expressed in largely overlapping regions of the developing brain. However, the expression of sept5a is much more confined compared to sept3 and sept5b. In contrast, the expression of all the three analyzed septins is largely similar in the adult brain. KW - retinal development KW - sept5b KW - septin KW - RNA in situ hybridization KW - neuronal development KW - sept3 KW - sept5a Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157625 VL - 11 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilla, Nadine A1 - Füllgraf, Hannah A1 - Stetter, Christian A1 - Köhler, Stefan A1 - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo A1 - Westermaier, Thomas T1 - First Description of Reduced Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Object: Several previous studies reported metabolic derangements and an accumulation of metabolic products in the early phase of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which may contribute to secondary brain damage. This may be a result of deranged oxygen utilization due to enzymatic dysfunction in aerobic glucose metabolism. This study was performed to investigate, if pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme (PDH) is affected in its activity giving further hints for a derangement of oxidative metabolism. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups (n = 9): (1) SAH induced by the endovascular filament model and (2) sham-operated controls. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), intracranial pressure (ICP), and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF; laser-Doppler flowmetry) were continuously monitored from 30 min before until 3 h after SAH. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and PDH activity was measured by ELISA. Results: PDH activity was significantly reduced in animals subjected to SAH compared to controls. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate for the first time a reduction of PDH activity following SAH, independent of supply of substrates and may be an independent factor contributing to a derangement of oxidative metabolism, failure of oxygen utilization, and secondary brain damage. KW - secondary brain damage KW - aerobic glycolysis KW - CBF KW - metabolism KW - PDH KW - SAH Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157636 VL - 11 IS - 37 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erdmenger, Johanna A1 - Hoyos, Carlos A1 - O'Bannon, Andy A1 - Papadimitriou, Ioannis A1 - Probst, Jonas A1 - Wu, Jackson M.S. T1 - Two-point functions in a holographic Kondo model JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We develop the formalism of holographic renormalization to compute two-point functions in a holographic Kondo model. The model describes a (0 + 1)-dimensional impurity spin of a gauged SU(N ) interacting with a (1 + 1)-dimensional, large-N , strongly-coupled Conformal Field Theory (CFT). We describe the impurity using Abrikosov pseudo-fermions, and define an SU(N )-invariant scalar operator O built from a pseudo-fermion and a CFT fermion. At large N the Kondo interaction is of the form O\(^{†}\)O, which is marginally relevant, and generates a Renormalization Group (RG) flow at the impurity. A second-order mean-field phase transition occurs in which O condenses below a critical temperature, leading to the Kondo effect, including screening of the impurity. Via holography, the phase transition is dual to holographic superconductivity in (1 + 1)-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space. At all temperatures, spectral functions of O exhibit a Fano resonance, characteristic of a continuum of states interacting with an isolated resonance. In contrast to Fano resonances observed for example in quantum dots, our continuum and resonance arise from a (0 + 1)-dimensional UV fixed point and RG flow, respectively. In the low-temperature phase, the resonance comes from a pole in the Green’s function of the form −i〈O〉\(^{2}\), which is characteristic of a Kondo resonance. KW - holography and condensed matter physics (AdS/CMT) KW - AdS-CFT Correspondence KW - gauge-gravity correspondence Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171139 VL - 3 IS - 39 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grabarczyk, Daniel B. A1 - Berks, Ben C. T1 - Intermediates in the Sox sulfur oxidation pathway are bound to a sulfane conjugate of the carrier protein SoxYZ JF - PLoS ONE N2 - The Sox pathway found in many sulfur bacteria oxidizes thiosulfate to sulfate. Pathway intermediates are covalently bound to a cysteine residue in the carrier protein SoxYZ. We have used biochemical complementation by SoxYZ-conjugates to probe the identity of the intermediates in the Sox pathway. We find that unconjugated SoxYZ and SoxYZ-S-sulfonate are unlikely to be intermediates during normal turnover in disagreement with current models. By contrast, conjugates with multiple sulfane atoms are readily metabolised by the Sox pathway. The most parsimonious interpretation of these data is that the true carrier species in the Sox pathway is a SoxYZ-S-sulfane adduct. KW - thiosulfates KW - oxidation KW - sulfur KW - cysteine KW - sulfides KW - thermodynamics KW - sulfates KW - sulfites Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171147 VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfister, Roland A1 - Schwarz, Katharina A. A1 - Wirth, Robert A1 - Lindner, Isabel T1 - My Command, My Act: Observation Inflation in Face-To-Face Interactions JF - Advances in Cognitive Psychology N2 - When observing another agent performing simple actions, these actions are systematically remembered as one’s own after a brief period of time. Such observation inflation has been documented as a robust phenomenon in studies in which participants passively observed videotaped actions. Whether observation inflation also holds for direct, face-to-face interactions is an open question that we addressed in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants commanded the experimenter to carry out certain actions, and they indeed reported false memories of self-performance in a later memory test. The effect size of this inflation effect was similar to passive observation as confirmed by Experiment 2. These findings suggest that observation inflation might affect action memory in a broad range of real-world interactions. KW - observation inflation KW - memory bias KW - action observation KW - motor simulation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170739 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Lukas A1 - Karl, Franziska A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan T1 - Affective and cognitive behavior in the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mouse model of Fabry disease JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) due to α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) deficiency. Fabry patients frequently report of anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function. We characterized affective and cognitive phenotype of male mice with α-Gal A deficiency (Fabry KO) and compared results with those of age-matched male wildtype (WT) littermates. Young (3 months) and old (≥ 18 months) mice were tested in the naïve state and after i.pl. injection of complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) as an inflammatory pain model. We used the elevated plus maze (EPM), the light-dark box (LDB) and the open field test (OF) to investigate anxiety-like behavior. The forced swim test (FST) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied to assess depressive-like and learning behavior. The EPM test revealed no intergroup difference for anxiety-like behavior in naïve young and old Fabry KO mice compared to WT littermates, except for longer time spent in open arms of the EPM for young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). After CFA injection, young Fabry KO mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior compared to young WT littermates (p<0.05) and naïve young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05) in the EPM as reflected by shorter time spent in EPM open arms. There were no relevant differences in the LDB and the OF test, except for longer time spent in the center zone of the OF by young WT mice compared to young Fabry KO mice (p<0.05). Complementary to this, depression-like and learning behavior were not different between genotypes and age-groups, except for the expectedly lower memory performance in older age-groups compared to young mice. Our results indicate that genetic influences on affective and cognitive symptoms in FD may be of subordinate relevance, drawing attention to potential influences of environmental and epigenetic factors. KW - cognitive impairment KW - mouse models KW - depression KW - swimming KW - learning KW - Fabry disease KW - genetics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170745 VL - 12 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dombert, Benjamin A1 - Balk, Stefanie A1 - Lüningschrör, Patrick A1 - Moradi, Mehri A1 - Sivadasan, Rajeeve A1 - Saal-Bauernschubert, Lena A1 - Jablonka, Sibylle T1 - BDNF/trkB induction of calcium transients through Ca\(_{v}\)2.2 calcium channels in motoneurons corresponds to F-actin assembly and growth cone formation on β2-chain laminin (221) JF - Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience N2 - Spontaneous Ca\(^{2+}\) transients and actin dynamics in primary motoneurons correspond to cellular differentiation such as axon elongation and growth cone formation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor trkB support both motoneuron survival and synaptic differentiation. However, in motoneurons effects of BDNF/trkB signaling on spontaneous Ca\(^{2+}\) influx and actin dynamics at axonal growth cones are not fully unraveled. In our study we addressed the question how neurotrophic factor signaling corresponds to cell autonomous excitability and growth cone formation. Primary motoneurons from mouse embryos were cultured on the synapse specific, β2-chain containing laminin isoform (221) regulating axon elongation through spontaneous Ca\(^{2+}\) transients that are in turn induced by enhanced clustering of N-type specific voltage-gated Ca\(^{2+}\) channels (Ca\(_{v}\)2.2) in axonal growth cones. TrkB-deficient (trkBTK\(^{-/-}\)) mouse motoneurons which express no full-length trkB receptor and wildtype motoneurons cultured without BDNF exhibited reduced spontaneous Ca\(^{2+}\) transients that corresponded to altered axon elongation and defects in growth cone morphology which was accompanied by changes in the local actin cytoskeleton. Vice versa, the acute application of BDNF resulted in the induction of spontaneous Ca\(^{2+}\) transients and Ca\(_{v}\)2.2 clustering in motor growth cones, as well as the activation of trkB downstream signaling cascades which promoted the stabilization of β-actin via the LIM kinase pathway and phosphorylation of profilin at Tyr129. Finally, we identified a mutual regulation of neuronal excitability and actin dynamics in axonal growth cones of embryonic motoneurons cultured on laminin-221/211. Impaired excitability resulted in dysregulated axon extension and local actin cytoskeleton, whereas upon β-actin knockdown Ca\(_{v}\)2.2 clustering was affected. We conclude from our data that in embryonic motoneurons BDNF/trkB signaling contributes to axon elongation and growth cone formation through changes in the local actin cytoskeleton accompanied by increased Ca\(_{v}\)2.2 clustering and local calcium transients. These findings may help to explore cellular mechanisms which might be dysregulated during maturation of embryonic motoneurons leading to motoneuron disease. KW - growth cone KW - BDNF KW - trkB KW - Ca\(_{v}\)2.2 KW - F-actin KW - motor axon Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159094 VL - 10 IS - 346 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geiger, Julia A1 - Hirtler, Daniel A1 - Gottfried, Kristina A1 - Rahman, Ozair A1 - Bollache, Emilie A1 - Barker, Alex J. A1 - Markl, Michael A1 - Stiller, Brigitte T1 - Longitudinal Evaluation of Aortic Hemodynamics in Marfan Syndrome: New Insights from a 4D Flow Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Multi-Year Follow-Up Study JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance N2 - Background The aim of this 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) follow-up study was to investigate longitudinal changes in aortic hemodynamics in adolescent patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods 4D flow CMR for the assessment of in-vivo 3D blood flow with full coverage of the thoracic aorta was performed twice (baseline scan t1/follow-up scan t2) in 19 adolescent MFS patients (age at t1: 12.7 ± 3.6 years, t2: 16.2 ± 4.3 years) with a mean follow-up duration of 3.5 ± 1.2 years. Ten healthy volunteers (24 ± 3.8 years) served as a control group. Data analysis included aortic blood flow visualization by color-coded 3D pathlines, and grading of flow patterns (helices/vortices) on a 3-point scale (none, moderate, severe; blinded reading, 2 observers). Regional aortic peak systolic velocities and systolic 3D wall shear stress (WSS) along the entire aortic wall were quantified. Z-Scores of the aortic root and proximal descending aorta (DAo) were assessed. Results Regional systolic WSS was stable over the follow-up duration, except for a significant decrease in the proximal inner DAo segment (p = 0.02) between t1 and t2. MFS patients revealed significant lower mean systolic WSS in the proximal inner DAo compared with volunteers (0.78 ± 0.15 N/m\(^{2}\)) at baseline t1 (0.60 ± 0.18 N/m\(^{2}\); p = 0.01) and follow-up t2 (0.55 ± 0.16 N/m\(^{2}\); p = 0.001). There were significant relationships (p < 0.01) between the segmental WSS in the proximal inner DAo, DAo Z-scores (r = −0.64) and helix/vortex pattern grading (r = −0.55) at both t1 and t2. The interobserver agreement for secondary flow patterns assessment was excellent (Cohen’s k = 0.71). Conclusions MFS patients have lower segmental WSS in the inner proximal DAo segment which correlates with increased localized aberrant vortex/helix flow patterns and an enlarged diameter at one of the most critical sites for aortic dissection. General aortic hemodynamics are stable but these subtle localized DAo changes are already present at young age and tend to be more pronounced in the course of time. KW - Marfan syndrome KW - wall shear stress KW - hemodynamics KW - 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance KW - follow-up KW - aorta Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171119 VL - 19 IS - 33 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Glaser, Kirsten A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Seidenspinner, Silvia A1 - Ottensmeier, Barbara A1 - Kunzmann, Steffen T1 - Caffeine modulates glucocorticoid-induced expression of CTGF in lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts JF - Respiratory Research N2 - Background: Although caffeine and glucocorticoids are frequently used to treat chronic lung disease in preterm neonates, potential interactions are largely unknown. While anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are well defined, their impact on airway remodeling is less characterized. Caffeine has been ascribed to positive effects on airway inflammation as well as remodeling. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) plays a key role in airway remodeling and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. The current study addressed the impact of glucocorticoids on the regulation of CTGF in the presence of caffeine using human lung epithelial and fibroblast cells. Methods: The human airway epithelial cell line H441 and the fetal lung fibroblast strain IMR-90 were exposed to different glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, budesonide, betamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone) and caffeine. mRNA and protein expression of CTGF, TGF-β1-3, and TNF-α were determined by means of quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. H441 cells were additionally treated with cAMP, the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin, and the selective phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor cilomilast to mimic caffeine-mediated PDE inhibition. Results: Treatment with different glucocorticoids (1 μM) significantly increased CTGF mRNA levels in H441 (p < 0.0001) and IMR-90 cells (p < 0.01). Upon simultaneous exposure to caffeine (10 mM), both glucocorticoid-induced mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in IMR-90 cells (p < 0.0001). Of note, 24 h exposure to caffeine alone significantly suppressed basal expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in IMR-90 cells. Caffeine-induced reduction of CTGF mRNA expression seemed to be independent of cAMP levels, adenylyl cyclase activation, or PDE-4 inhibition. While dexamethasone or caffeine treatment did not affect TGF-β1 mRNA in H441 cells, increased expression of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 mRNA was detected upon exposure to dexamethasone or dexamethasone and caffeine, respectively. Moreover, caffeine increased TNF-α mRNA in H441 cells (6.5 ± 2.2-fold, p < 0.05) which has been described as potent inhibitor of CTGF expression. Conclusions: In addition to well-known anti-inflammatory features, glucocorticoids may have adverse effects on long-term remodeling by TGF-β1-independent induction of CTGF in lung cells. Simultaneous treatment with caffeine may attenuate glucocorticoid-induced expression of CTGF, thereby promoting restoration of lung homeostasis. KW - airway remodeling KW - fibrosis KW - bronchopulmonary dysplasia KW - caffeine KW - CCN2 KW - CTGF KW - glucocorticoids KW - H441 KW - IMR-90 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157672 VL - 18 IS - 51 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schindler, Julia A1 - Richter, Tobias A1 - Eyßer, Carolin T1 - Mood moderates the effect of self-generation during learning JF - Frontline Learning Research N2 - Generating information, compared to reading, improves learning and enhances long-term retention of the learned content. This so-called generation effect has been demonstrated repeatedly for recall and recognition of single words. However, before adopting generating as a learning strategy in educational contexts, conditions moderating the effect need to be identified. This study investigated the impact of positive and negative mood states on the generation effect with short expository texts. According to the dual-force framework (Fiedler, Nickel, Asbeck, & Pagel, 2003), positive mood should facilitate generation by enhancing creative knowledge-based top-down processing (assimilation). Negative mood, however, should facilitate learning in the read-condition by enhancing critical stimulus-driven bottom-up processing (accommodation). In contrast to our expectations, we found no general generation effect but an overall learning advantage of read compared to generated texts. However, a significant interaction of learning condition and mood indicates that learners in a better mood recall generated texts better than learners in a more negative mood, whereas no mood effect was found when the texts were read. The results of the present study partially support the predictions of the dual-force framework and are discussed in the context of recent theoretical approaches to the generation effect. KW - mood states KW - generation effect KW - learning with expository texts Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159282 VL - 5 IS - 4 ER -