TY - JOUR A1 - Hanitsch, Leif A1 - Baumann, Ulrich A1 - Boztug, Kaan A1 - Burkhard‐Meier, Ulrike A1 - Fasshauer, Maria A1 - Habermehl, Pirmin A1 - Hauck, Fabian A1 - Klock, Gerd A1 - Liese, Johannes A1 - Meyer, Oliver A1 - Müller, Rainer A1 - Pachlopnik‐Schmid, Jana A1 - Pfeiffer‐Kascha, Dorothea A1 - Warnatz, Klaus A1 - Wehr, Claudia A1 - Wittke, Kirsten A1 - Niehues, Tim A1 - von Bernuth, Horst T1 - Treatment and management of primary antibody deficiency: German interdisciplinary evidence‐based consensus guideline JF - European Journal of Immunology N2 - This evidence‐based clinical guideline provides consensus‐recommendations for the treatment and care of patients with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). The guideline group comprised 20 clinical and scientific expert associations of the German, Swiss, and Austrian healthcare system and representatives of patients. Recommendations were based on results of a systematic literature search, data extraction, and evaluation of methodology and study quality in combination with the clinical expertise of the respective representatives. Consensus‐based recommendations were determined via nominal group technique. PADs are the largest clinically relevant group of primary immunodeficiencies. Most patients with PADs present with increased susceptibility to infections, however immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and cancer affect a significant number of patients and may precede infections. This guideline therefore covers interdisciplinary clinical and therapeutic aspects of infectious (e.g., antibiotic prophylaxis, management of bronchiectasis) and non‐infectious manifestations (e.g., management of granulomatous disease, immune cytopenia). PADs are grouped into disease entities with definitive, probable, possible, or unlikely benefit of IgG‐replacement therapy. Summary and consensus‐recommendations are provided for treatment indication, dosing, routes of administration, and adverse events of IgG‐replacement therapy. Special aspects of concomitant impaired T‐cell function are highlighted as well as clinical data on selected monogenetic inborn errors of immunity formerly classified into PADs (APDS, CTLA‐4‐, and LRBA‐deficiency). KW - autoimmunity KW - CVID KW - hypogammaglobulinemia KW - immunoglobulins KW - primary antibody deficiency Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225731 VL - 50 IS - 10 SP - 1432 EP - 1446 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Ott, Christine T1 - Bibliographie Schulbuchforschung zum Aspekt Geschlecht N2 - Die Bibliographie dokumentiert die Entwicklung des deutschsprachigen Forschungsfelds Schulbuchanalysen zum Aspekt Geschlecht von seinen Anfängen in den späten 1960er Jahren bis in die Gegenwart. N2 - This bibliography gives an overview of german-speaking textbook research on gender comprising research activities in this field from its beginning in the late 1960s until today. T2 - A Bibliography of Textbook Research on Gender KW - Schulbuchanalyse KW - Geschlechterforschung KW - Schulbuchforschung KW - Schulbuch KW - Bibliografie KW - Frauenbild KW - Männerbild KW - gender KW - textbook research KW - gender representation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207715 ET - 3., überarb. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlagenhauf, Ulrich A1 - Rehder, Juliane A1 - Gelbrich, Götz A1 - Jockel‐Schneider, Yvonne T1 - Consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri‐containing lozenges improves periodontal health in navy sailors at sea: A randomized controlled trial JF - Journal of Periodontology N2 - Background The objective of this trial was to evaluate whether the regular consumption of probiotics may improve the known deterioration of periodontal health in navy sailors during deployments at sea. Methods 72 healthy sailors of a naval ship on a practicing mission at sea were recruited and randomly provided with a blinded supply of lozenges to be consumed twice daily for the following 42 days containing either the probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and L. reuteri (ATTC PTA 5289) (test n = 36) or no probiotics (placebo n = 36). At baseline, at day 14 and day 42 bleeding on probing (primary outcome), gingival index, plaque control record, probing attachment level, and probing pocket depth were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth. Results At baseline there were no significant differences between the groups. At day 14 and day 42 test group scores of all assessed parameters were significantly improved (P < 0.001) compared to baseline and to the placebo group which by contrast showed a significant (P < 0.001) deterioration of all parameters at the end of the study. Conclusions The consumption of probiotic L. reuteri‐lozenges is an efficacious measure to improve and maintain periodontal health in situations with waning efficacy of personal oral hygiene. KW - gingivitis KW - oral hygiene KW - probiotics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215577 VL - 91 IS - 10 SP - 1328 EP - 1338 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Samper Agrelo, Iria A1 - Schira-Heinen, Jessica A1 - Beyer, Felix A1 - Groh, Janos A1 - Bütermann, Christine A1 - Estrada, Veronica A1 - Poschmann, Gereon A1 - Bribian, Ana A1 - Jadasz, Janusz J. A1 - Lopez-Mascaraque, Laura A1 - Kremer, David A1 - Martini, Rudolf A1 - Müller, Hans Werner A1 - Hartung, Hans Peter A1 - Adjaye, James A1 - Stühler, Kai A1 - Küry, Patrick T1 - Secretome analysis of mesenchymal stem cell factors fostering oligodendroglial differentiation of neural stem cells in vivo JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted factors have been shown to significantly promote oligodendrogenesis from cultured primary adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Revealing underlying mechanisms of how aNSCs can be fostered to differentiate into a specific cell lineage could provide important insights for the establishment of novel neuroregenerative treatment approaches aiming at myelin repair. However, the nature of MSC-derived differentiation and maturation factors acting on the oligodendroglial lineage has not been identified thus far. In addition to missing information on active ingredients, the degree to which MSC-dependent lineage instruction is functional in vivo also remains to be established. We here demonstrate that MSC-derived factors can indeed stimulate oligodendrogenesis and myelin sheath generation of aNSCs transplanted into different rodent central nervous system (CNS) regions, and furthermore, we provide insights into the underlying mechanism on the basis of a comparative mass spectrometry secretome analysis. We identified a number of secreted proteins known to act on oligodendroglia lineage differentiation. Among them, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) was revealed to be an active component of the MSC-conditioned medium, thus validating our chosen secretome approach. KW - neural stem cells KW - mesenchymal stem cells KW - transplantation KW - oligodendroglia KW - glial fate modulation KW - myelin KW - spinal cord KW - secretome KW - TIMP-1 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285465 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tort, Jose F. A1 - Mitreva, Makedonka A1 - Brehm, Klaus R. A1 - Rinaldi, Gabriel T1 - Editorial: Novel Frontiers in Helminth Genomics T2 - Frontiers in Genetics N2 - No abstract available. KW - flatworm KW - nematodes KW - genomics KW - helminths KW - neglected diseases Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210209 SN - 1664-8021 VL - 11 IS - 791 ER - TY - THES A1 - Marx, Philipp T1 - Aus der Isolation zur Regionalmacht – Eine Analyse der Außenpolitik Burkina Fasos unter Blaise Compaoré T1 - From Isolation to Regional Power - An Analysis of Burkina Faso's Foreign Policy under Blaise Compaoré N2 - Ganze 27 Jahre lang regierte Blaise Compaoré die westafrikanische Republik Burkina Faso. Am 15. Oktober 1987 putschte er sich mit Hilfe eines von ihm angeleiteten Staatsstreichs, bei dem sein Vorgänger Thomas Sankara ermordet wurde, an die Macht. Die außenpolitische Ausgangssituation Burkina Fasos zu Beginn der Amtszeit Blaise Compaorés war verheerend: Die anti-kapitalistische Außenpolitik Sankaras hatte den rohstoffarmen Binnenstaat von seinen wichtigsten politischen und wirtschaftlichen Partnern isoliert und die neue Regierung war durch den gewalttätigen Staatsstreich international gebrandmarkt. Trotz dieser außenpolitisch schwierigen Ausgangslage entwickelte sich Blaise Compaoré im Zeitverlauf seiner präsidialen Amtszeit zu der zentralen Figur der regionalen Diplomatie in Westafrika. Er konnte in den 2000er Jahren durch Konfliktmediationen im unmittelbaren geografischen Umfeld Burkina Fasos eine Führungsrolle in der westafrikanischen Subregion einnehmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die außenpolitischen Entwicklungen Burkina Fasos während der präsidialen Amtszeit Blaise Compaorés. Der Fokus der Analyse liegt auf der Frage, wie sich Burkina Faso unter Blaise Compaoré als Regionalmacht in Westafrika etablieren konnte. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die außenpolitischen Mittel, mit denen Blaise Compaoré die Grundsituation der politischen Isolation seines Amtsantritts in eine regionale Führungsrolle in Westafrika umwandeln konnte, herausgestellt. N2 - Blaise Compaoré ruled the West African Republic of Burkina Faso for 27 years. On 15 October 1987, he seized power with the help of a coup d'état instructed by him in which his predecessor Thomas Sankara was murdered. At the beginning of Blaise Compaoré's term of office, Burkina Faso‘s initial foreign policy situation was devastating: The resource-poor and landlocked country was isolated from its most important political and economic partners because of Sankara’s anti-capitalistic foreign policy, and the new government was internationally branded by the violent coup. Despite the difficulty of this initial situation, Blaise Compaoré became the central figure of regional diplomacy in West Africa over the course of his presidential term of office. Through conflict mediation in Burkina Faso's immediate geographical surroundings he was able to take a leading role in the West African subregion in the 2000s. This paper analyzes the developments of Burkina Faso’s foreign policy during Blaise Compaoré's presidential term. The analysis focuses on the question of how Burkina Faso was able to establish itself as a regional power in West Africa under the reign of Blaise Compaoré. In this context the means that enabled Blaise Compaoré to transform the initial situation of political isolation of his inauguration into a regional leadership role in West Africa are highlighted. T3 - Schriftenreihe Junges Afrikazentrum (JAZ) - 9 KW - Burkina Faso KW - Außenpolitikanalyse KW - Foreign Policy KW - Foreign Policy Analysis KW - Außenpolitik KW - Blaise Compaoré KW - Westafrika KW - Konflikt Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204647 SN - 2199-4315 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kemmler, Wolfgang A1 - Kohl, Matthias A1 - Fröhlich, Michael A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Engelke, Klaus A1 - von Stengel, Simon A1 - Schoene, Daniel T1 - Effects of High‐Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia—One‐Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST) JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research N2 - Dynamic resistance exercise (DRT) might be the most promising agent for fighting sarcopenia in older people. However, the positive effect of DRT on osteopenia/osteoporosis in men has still to be confirmed. To evaluate the effect of low‐volume/high‐intensity (HIT)‐DRT on bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in men with osteosarcopenia, we initiated the Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). Forty‐three sedentary community‐dwelling older men (aged 73 to 91 years) with osteopenia/osteoporosis and SMI‐based sarcopenia were randomly assigned to a HIT‐RT exercise group (EG; n = 21) or a control group (CG; n = 22). HIT‐RT provided a progressive, periodized single‐set DRT on machines with high intensity, effort, and velocity twice a week, while CG maintained their lifestyle. Both groups were adequately supplemented with whey protein, vitamin D, and calcium. Primary study endpoint was integral lumbar spine (LS) BMD as determined by quantitative computed tomography. Core secondary study endpoint was SMI as determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Additional study endpoints were BMD at the total hip and maximum isokinetic hip−/leg‐extensor strength (leg press). After 12 months of exercise, LS‐BMD was maintained in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG, resulting in significant between‐group differences (p < 0.001; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.90). In parallel, SMI increased significantly in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.95). Total hip BMD changes did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.064; SMD = 0.65), whereas changes in maximum hip−/leg‐extensor strength were much more prominent (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.92) in the EG. Considering dropout (n = 2), attendance rate (95%), and unintended side effects/injuries (n = 0), we believe our HIT‐RT protocol to be feasible, attractive, and safe. In summary, we conclude that our combined low‐threshold HIT‐RT/protein/vitamin D/calcium intervention was feasible, safe, and effective for tackling sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in older men with osteosarcopenia. KW - exercise KW - osteoporosis KW - sarcopenia KW - aging KW - bone QCT Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214609 VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 1634 EP - 1644 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peterka, Manuel A1 - Odorfer, Thorsten A1 - Schwab, Michael A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Zeller, Daniel T1 - LSVT-BIG therapy in Parkinson's disease: physiological evidence for proprioceptive recalibration JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background There is growing evidence for proprioceptive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The Lee Silvermann Voice Treatment-BIG therapy (LSVT-BIG), a special training program aiming at an increase of movement amplitudes in persons with PD (PwPD), has shown to be effective on motor symptoms. LSVT-BIG is conceptionally based on improving bradykinesia, in particular the decrement of repetitive movements, by proprioceptive recalibration. Objective To assess proprioceptive impairment in PwPD as compared to matched controls and to probe potential recalibration effects of the LSVT-BIG therapy on proprioception. Methods Proprioceptive performance and fine motor skills were assessed in 30 PwPD and 15 matched controls. Measurements with significant impairment in PwPD were chosen as outcome parameters for a standardized 4 weeks amplitude-based training intervention (LSVT-BIG) in 11 PwPD. Proprioceptive performance served as primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the motor part of the MDS-UPDRS, the nine-hole-peg test, and a questionnaire on quality of life. Post-interventional assessments were conducted at weeks 4 and 8. Results Compared to the control group, PwPD showed significantly larger pointing errors. After 4 weeks of LSVT-BIG therapy and even more so after an additional 4 weeks of continued training, proprioceptive performance improved significantly. In addition, quality of life improved as indicated by a questionnaire. Conclusion LSVT-BIG training may achieve a recalibration of proprioceptive processing in PwPD. Our data indicates a probable physiological mechanism of a symptom-specific, amplitude-based behavioral intervention in PwPD. KW - Proprioception KW - Amplitude KW - Training KW - Pointing error KW - LSVT-big therapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230084 VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelbeiner, Nicola A1 - Wandt, Viktoria K. A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Lossow, Kristina A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi E. A1 - Martin, Maximilian A1 - Mangerich, Aswin A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Kipp, Anna P. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - A multi-endpoint approach to base excision repair incision activity augmented by PARylation and DNA damage levels in mice: impact of sex and age JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery. KW - maintenance of genomic integrity KW - ageing KW - sex KW - DNA damage KW - base excision repair (incision activity) KW - DNA damage response KW - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation KW - liver Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285706 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 18 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pätzold, Simon T1 - Dachbegrünung in Würzburg: GIS-basierte Potentialanalyse als Planungsgrundlage im städtischen Begrünungsinstrumentarium T1 - Green Roofing in Würzburg: GIS-Based Potential Analysis as a Planning Tool for the Communal Implementation of Urban Greening N2 - Nach aktuellem Stand der Forschung ist die Dachbegrünung eine geeignete Klimaanpassungsmaßnahme, mit der die Folgen des rezenten Klimawandels in verdichteten und versiegelten Stadtgebieten abgeschwächt werden können. Vor dem Hintergrund schrumpfender Flächenreserven und wachsender Flächenkonkurrenz können auf Dächern alternative Flächenressourcen zur Expansion urbanen Grüns erschlossen werden. Zudem besitzt diese Begrünungsart vielfältige ökologische und ökonomische Vorteile (Kühlwirkung, Biodiversität, Wasserrückhaltung, Gebäudedämmung und -schutz). Mit Bebauungsplänen und Innenbereichssatzungen sowie Förderprogrammen und indirekter Förderung (gesplittete Abwassergebühren) stehen den Kommunen harte und weiche Instrumente zur Verfügung, um Gebäudeeigentümer für Dachbegrünungsmaßnahmen im Neubau, aber auch im Bestandsbau zu mobilisieren. Für eine Aktivierung bereits bestehender Dachflächen eignet sich besonders die Extensivbegrünung dank ihrer anspruchslosen Vegetation, des minimalen Pflegeaufwands sowie den geringeren statischen und formspezifischen Anforderungen an die Dachkonstruktion gegenüber der Intensivbegrünung. Auf Basis von Untersuchungen mit Fernerkundungsdaten und amtlichen Geodaten konnten für deutsche Groß- und Mittelstädte enorme Flächenpotentiale für die nachträgliche Dachbegrünung festgestellt werden. Zur Stadt Würzburg, in der als Hotspot des Klimawandels eine hohe Dringlichkeit für Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen besteht, lagen bis dato keine Daten zu diesem Potential vor. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Luftbilder, Höhendaten (LiDAR) und amtliche Gebäudeumriss-Daten in einem Geoinformationssystem (GIS) zu einer dreidimensionalen Dachlandschaft verarbeitet, hinsichtlich relevanter Begrünungskriterien (Neigung, Homogenität, Größe, Funktion) analysiert und in Form von Karten, Bildern und Statistiken ausgegeben. Für das konkrete Untersuchungsgebiet der stadtklimatisch besonders kritischen Stadtbezirke Altstadt und Sanderau konnte eine empirische Grundlage zur Quantifizierung der Potentialfläche geschaffen werden. Rund ein Drittel der über 5.000 untersuchten innerstädtischen Dächer kommen mit einer Fläche von über 300.000 m² für eine nachträgliche Begrünung in Betracht. Zudem wurden Aussagen zur städtebaulichen Qualifizierung (Denkmalschutz) dieser Flächen getroffen und die Aktivierbarkeit mit dem einschlägigen stadtplanerischem Begrünungsinstrumentarium (Förderprogramm, Satzung bzw. Bebauungsplan) bewertet. So konnten die für die Umsetzung der geeigneten Dachflächen nötigen Förderkosten auf Basis der geltenden Förderrichtlinie approximiert werden. Zudem wurde unter Verwendung amtlicher Baustatistik und einschlägiger Bebauungspläne ein zeitlicher Horizont geschätzt, bis zu welchem sich Eigentümer an die Vorgaben einer hypothetischen Dachbegrünungssatzung anpassen würden. Die Arbeit bietet Anreize für die Methodik geoinformatischer Analysen sowie für städteplanerische Analyse- und Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Natürlich kann die fernerkundliche Messung keine bautechnische Begutachtung vor Ort ersetzen, sie kann aber im Vorfeld einen Eindruck der teils versteckten Flächenreserven kostengünstig und flächendeckend verschaffen und zudem die Möglichkeit darauf aufbauender Untersuchungen der ökologischen oder städtebaulichen Wirkung eröffnen. N2 - According to the current state of research, green roofing is an appropriate measure for climat-ic adaptation with which the consequences of recent climate change in condensed and sealed municipal areas can be mitigated. Against the backdrop of shrinking area resources, alterna-tive resources can be developed on rooftops to expand urban green. With legally binding development plans (Bebauungspläne) and communal bylaws (Innenbereichssatzungen) as well as incentive programmes and indirect funding, communes have hard and soft tools at their hands to induce property owners to implement measures of green roofing in new and existing construction. For the activation of already existing rooftop areas, extensive green roofing is suitable thanks to its undemanding vegetation and its – compared to intensive green roofing – minor static constructional requirements. Regarding the city of Würzburg, a hotspot of climate change with an urgent need for taking adaptational climatic measures, up to this date no data was available concerning the potential of subsequent green roofing. In the context of this paper, aerial images, height data (LiDAR) and official building outlines are processed into a three-dimensional rooftop landscape and analysed in terms of pertinent criteria for green roofing. About a third of the more than 5.000 examined rooftops in the municipal areas Altstadt and Sanderau are suitable for subsequent greening, which results in an area of more than 300.000 m2. This paper also examines the compatibility of rooftop greening with monumental protection (Denkmalschutz). Further analysis was carried out concerning the implementation of greening on potential surfaces through the means of fund-ing programmes and binding communal development plans. Through this analysis, an ap-proximation of the required funding costs was calculated. Lastly, an estimation of the timeframe in which the property owners would have to adapt to hypothetical green roofing bylaws was set up by considering municipal building statistics and applicable development plans. The paper offers incentives for analytical geoinformatical methodology as well as for analyses and strategies for taking action in regard to urban planning. KW - Dachbegrünung KW - Architektur KW - Stadtplanung KW - Umweltschutz KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Gebäudebegrünung KW - urban greening KW - urban planning KW - Geoinformatik KW - geodata Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210674 ER -