TY - JOUR A1 - Hanitsch, Leif A1 - Baumann, Ulrich A1 - Boztug, Kaan A1 - Burkhard‐Meier, Ulrike A1 - Fasshauer, Maria A1 - Habermehl, Pirmin A1 - Hauck, Fabian A1 - Klock, Gerd A1 - Liese, Johannes A1 - Meyer, Oliver A1 - Müller, Rainer A1 - Pachlopnik‐Schmid, Jana A1 - Pfeiffer‐Kascha, Dorothea A1 - Warnatz, Klaus A1 - Wehr, Claudia A1 - Wittke, Kirsten A1 - Niehues, Tim A1 - von Bernuth, Horst T1 - Treatment and management of primary antibody deficiency: German interdisciplinary evidence‐based consensus guideline JF - European Journal of Immunology N2 - This evidence‐based clinical guideline provides consensus‐recommendations for the treatment and care of patients with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). The guideline group comprised 20 clinical and scientific expert associations of the German, Swiss, and Austrian healthcare system and representatives of patients. Recommendations were based on results of a systematic literature search, data extraction, and evaluation of methodology and study quality in combination with the clinical expertise of the respective representatives. Consensus‐based recommendations were determined via nominal group technique. PADs are the largest clinically relevant group of primary immunodeficiencies. Most patients with PADs present with increased susceptibility to infections, however immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and cancer affect a significant number of patients and may precede infections. This guideline therefore covers interdisciplinary clinical and therapeutic aspects of infectious (e.g., antibiotic prophylaxis, management of bronchiectasis) and non‐infectious manifestations (e.g., management of granulomatous disease, immune cytopenia). PADs are grouped into disease entities with definitive, probable, possible, or unlikely benefit of IgG‐replacement therapy. Summary and consensus‐recommendations are provided for treatment indication, dosing, routes of administration, and adverse events of IgG‐replacement therapy. Special aspects of concomitant impaired T‐cell function are highlighted as well as clinical data on selected monogenetic inborn errors of immunity formerly classified into PADs (APDS, CTLA‐4‐, and LRBA‐deficiency). KW - autoimmunity KW - CVID KW - hypogammaglobulinemia KW - immunoglobulins KW - primary antibody deficiency Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225731 VL - 50 IS - 10 SP - 1432 EP - 1446 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Ott, Christine T1 - Bibliographie Schulbuchforschung zum Aspekt Geschlecht N2 - Die Bibliographie dokumentiert die Entwicklung des deutschsprachigen Forschungsfelds Schulbuchanalysen zum Aspekt Geschlecht von seinen Anfängen in den späten 1960er Jahren bis in die Gegenwart. N2 - This bibliography gives an overview of german-speaking textbook research on gender comprising research activities in this field from its beginning in the late 1960s until today. T2 - A Bibliography of Textbook Research on Gender KW - Schulbuchanalyse KW - Geschlechterforschung KW - Schulbuchforschung KW - Schulbuch KW - Bibliografie KW - Frauenbild KW - Männerbild KW - gender KW - textbook research KW - gender representation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207715 ET - 3., überarb. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlagenhauf, Ulrich A1 - Rehder, Juliane A1 - Gelbrich, Götz A1 - Jockel‐Schneider, Yvonne T1 - Consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri‐containing lozenges improves periodontal health in navy sailors at sea: A randomized controlled trial JF - Journal of Periodontology N2 - Background The objective of this trial was to evaluate whether the regular consumption of probiotics may improve the known deterioration of periodontal health in navy sailors during deployments at sea. Methods 72 healthy sailors of a naval ship on a practicing mission at sea were recruited and randomly provided with a blinded supply of lozenges to be consumed twice daily for the following 42 days containing either the probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and L. reuteri (ATTC PTA 5289) (test n = 36) or no probiotics (placebo n = 36). At baseline, at day 14 and day 42 bleeding on probing (primary outcome), gingival index, plaque control record, probing attachment level, and probing pocket depth were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth. Results At baseline there were no significant differences between the groups. At day 14 and day 42 test group scores of all assessed parameters were significantly improved (P < 0.001) compared to baseline and to the placebo group which by contrast showed a significant (P < 0.001) deterioration of all parameters at the end of the study. Conclusions The consumption of probiotic L. reuteri‐lozenges is an efficacious measure to improve and maintain periodontal health in situations with waning efficacy of personal oral hygiene. KW - gingivitis KW - oral hygiene KW - probiotics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215577 VL - 91 IS - 10 SP - 1328 EP - 1338 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Samper Agrelo, Iria A1 - Schira-Heinen, Jessica A1 - Beyer, Felix A1 - Groh, Janos A1 - Bütermann, Christine A1 - Estrada, Veronica A1 - Poschmann, Gereon A1 - Bribian, Ana A1 - Jadasz, Janusz J. A1 - Lopez-Mascaraque, Laura A1 - Kremer, David A1 - Martini, Rudolf A1 - Müller, Hans Werner A1 - Hartung, Hans Peter A1 - Adjaye, James A1 - Stühler, Kai A1 - Küry, Patrick T1 - Secretome analysis of mesenchymal stem cell factors fostering oligodendroglial differentiation of neural stem cells in vivo JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted factors have been shown to significantly promote oligodendrogenesis from cultured primary adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Revealing underlying mechanisms of how aNSCs can be fostered to differentiate into a specific cell lineage could provide important insights for the establishment of novel neuroregenerative treatment approaches aiming at myelin repair. However, the nature of MSC-derived differentiation and maturation factors acting on the oligodendroglial lineage has not been identified thus far. In addition to missing information on active ingredients, the degree to which MSC-dependent lineage instruction is functional in vivo also remains to be established. We here demonstrate that MSC-derived factors can indeed stimulate oligodendrogenesis and myelin sheath generation of aNSCs transplanted into different rodent central nervous system (CNS) regions, and furthermore, we provide insights into the underlying mechanism on the basis of a comparative mass spectrometry secretome analysis. We identified a number of secreted proteins known to act on oligodendroglia lineage differentiation. Among them, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) was revealed to be an active component of the MSC-conditioned medium, thus validating our chosen secretome approach. KW - neural stem cells KW - mesenchymal stem cells KW - transplantation KW - oligodendroglia KW - glial fate modulation KW - myelin KW - spinal cord KW - secretome KW - TIMP-1 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285465 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tort, Jose F. A1 - Mitreva, Makedonka A1 - Brehm, Klaus R. A1 - Rinaldi, Gabriel T1 - Editorial: Novel Frontiers in Helminth Genomics T2 - Frontiers in Genetics N2 - No abstract available. KW - flatworm KW - nematodes KW - genomics KW - helminths KW - neglected diseases Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210209 SN - 1664-8021 VL - 11 IS - 791 ER - TY - THES A1 - Marx, Philipp T1 - Aus der Isolation zur Regionalmacht – Eine Analyse der Außenpolitik Burkina Fasos unter Blaise Compaoré T1 - From Isolation to Regional Power - An Analysis of Burkina Faso's Foreign Policy under Blaise Compaoré N2 - Ganze 27 Jahre lang regierte Blaise Compaoré die westafrikanische Republik Burkina Faso. Am 15. Oktober 1987 putschte er sich mit Hilfe eines von ihm angeleiteten Staatsstreichs, bei dem sein Vorgänger Thomas Sankara ermordet wurde, an die Macht. Die außenpolitische Ausgangssituation Burkina Fasos zu Beginn der Amtszeit Blaise Compaorés war verheerend: Die anti-kapitalistische Außenpolitik Sankaras hatte den rohstoffarmen Binnenstaat von seinen wichtigsten politischen und wirtschaftlichen Partnern isoliert und die neue Regierung war durch den gewalttätigen Staatsstreich international gebrandmarkt. Trotz dieser außenpolitisch schwierigen Ausgangslage entwickelte sich Blaise Compaoré im Zeitverlauf seiner präsidialen Amtszeit zu der zentralen Figur der regionalen Diplomatie in Westafrika. Er konnte in den 2000er Jahren durch Konfliktmediationen im unmittelbaren geografischen Umfeld Burkina Fasos eine Führungsrolle in der westafrikanischen Subregion einnehmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die außenpolitischen Entwicklungen Burkina Fasos während der präsidialen Amtszeit Blaise Compaorés. Der Fokus der Analyse liegt auf der Frage, wie sich Burkina Faso unter Blaise Compaoré als Regionalmacht in Westafrika etablieren konnte. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die außenpolitischen Mittel, mit denen Blaise Compaoré die Grundsituation der politischen Isolation seines Amtsantritts in eine regionale Führungsrolle in Westafrika umwandeln konnte, herausgestellt. N2 - Blaise Compaoré ruled the West African Republic of Burkina Faso for 27 years. On 15 October 1987, he seized power with the help of a coup d'état instructed by him in which his predecessor Thomas Sankara was murdered. At the beginning of Blaise Compaoré's term of office, Burkina Faso‘s initial foreign policy situation was devastating: The resource-poor and landlocked country was isolated from its most important political and economic partners because of Sankara’s anti-capitalistic foreign policy, and the new government was internationally branded by the violent coup. Despite the difficulty of this initial situation, Blaise Compaoré became the central figure of regional diplomacy in West Africa over the course of his presidential term of office. Through conflict mediation in Burkina Faso's immediate geographical surroundings he was able to take a leading role in the West African subregion in the 2000s. This paper analyzes the developments of Burkina Faso’s foreign policy during Blaise Compaoré's presidential term. The analysis focuses on the question of how Burkina Faso was able to establish itself as a regional power in West Africa under the reign of Blaise Compaoré. In this context the means that enabled Blaise Compaoré to transform the initial situation of political isolation of his inauguration into a regional leadership role in West Africa are highlighted. T3 - Schriftenreihe Junges Afrikazentrum (JAZ) - 9 KW - Burkina Faso KW - Außenpolitikanalyse KW - Foreign Policy KW - Foreign Policy Analysis KW - Außenpolitik KW - Blaise Compaoré KW - Westafrika KW - Konflikt Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204647 SN - 2199-4315 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kemmler, Wolfgang A1 - Kohl, Matthias A1 - Fröhlich, Michael A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Engelke, Klaus A1 - von Stengel, Simon A1 - Schoene, Daniel T1 - Effects of High‐Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia—One‐Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST) JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research N2 - Dynamic resistance exercise (DRT) might be the most promising agent for fighting sarcopenia in older people. However, the positive effect of DRT on osteopenia/osteoporosis in men has still to be confirmed. To evaluate the effect of low‐volume/high‐intensity (HIT)‐DRT on bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in men with osteosarcopenia, we initiated the Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). Forty‐three sedentary community‐dwelling older men (aged 73 to 91 years) with osteopenia/osteoporosis and SMI‐based sarcopenia were randomly assigned to a HIT‐RT exercise group (EG; n = 21) or a control group (CG; n = 22). HIT‐RT provided a progressive, periodized single‐set DRT on machines with high intensity, effort, and velocity twice a week, while CG maintained their lifestyle. Both groups were adequately supplemented with whey protein, vitamin D, and calcium. Primary study endpoint was integral lumbar spine (LS) BMD as determined by quantitative computed tomography. Core secondary study endpoint was SMI as determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Additional study endpoints were BMD at the total hip and maximum isokinetic hip−/leg‐extensor strength (leg press). After 12 months of exercise, LS‐BMD was maintained in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG, resulting in significant between‐group differences (p < 0.001; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.90). In parallel, SMI increased significantly in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.95). Total hip BMD changes did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.064; SMD = 0.65), whereas changes in maximum hip−/leg‐extensor strength were much more prominent (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.92) in the EG. Considering dropout (n = 2), attendance rate (95%), and unintended side effects/injuries (n = 0), we believe our HIT‐RT protocol to be feasible, attractive, and safe. In summary, we conclude that our combined low‐threshold HIT‐RT/protein/vitamin D/calcium intervention was feasible, safe, and effective for tackling sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in older men with osteosarcopenia. KW - exercise KW - osteoporosis KW - sarcopenia KW - aging KW - bone QCT Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214609 VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 1634 EP - 1644 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peterka, Manuel A1 - Odorfer, Thorsten A1 - Schwab, Michael A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Zeller, Daniel T1 - LSVT-BIG therapy in Parkinson's disease: physiological evidence for proprioceptive recalibration JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background There is growing evidence for proprioceptive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The Lee Silvermann Voice Treatment-BIG therapy (LSVT-BIG), a special training program aiming at an increase of movement amplitudes in persons with PD (PwPD), has shown to be effective on motor symptoms. LSVT-BIG is conceptionally based on improving bradykinesia, in particular the decrement of repetitive movements, by proprioceptive recalibration. Objective To assess proprioceptive impairment in PwPD as compared to matched controls and to probe potential recalibration effects of the LSVT-BIG therapy on proprioception. Methods Proprioceptive performance and fine motor skills were assessed in 30 PwPD and 15 matched controls. Measurements with significant impairment in PwPD were chosen as outcome parameters for a standardized 4 weeks amplitude-based training intervention (LSVT-BIG) in 11 PwPD. Proprioceptive performance served as primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the motor part of the MDS-UPDRS, the nine-hole-peg test, and a questionnaire on quality of life. Post-interventional assessments were conducted at weeks 4 and 8. Results Compared to the control group, PwPD showed significantly larger pointing errors. After 4 weeks of LSVT-BIG therapy and even more so after an additional 4 weeks of continued training, proprioceptive performance improved significantly. In addition, quality of life improved as indicated by a questionnaire. Conclusion LSVT-BIG training may achieve a recalibration of proprioceptive processing in PwPD. Our data indicates a probable physiological mechanism of a symptom-specific, amplitude-based behavioral intervention in PwPD. KW - Proprioception KW - Amplitude KW - Training KW - Pointing error KW - LSVT-big therapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230084 VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelbeiner, Nicola A1 - Wandt, Viktoria K. A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Lossow, Kristina A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi E. A1 - Martin, Maximilian A1 - Mangerich, Aswin A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Kipp, Anna P. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - A multi-endpoint approach to base excision repair incision activity augmented by PARylation and DNA damage levels in mice: impact of sex and age JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery. KW - maintenance of genomic integrity KW - ageing KW - sex KW - DNA damage KW - base excision repair (incision activity) KW - DNA damage response KW - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation KW - liver Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285706 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 18 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pätzold, Simon T1 - Dachbegrünung in Würzburg: GIS-basierte Potentialanalyse als Planungsgrundlage im städtischen Begrünungsinstrumentarium T1 - Green Roofing in Würzburg: GIS-Based Potential Analysis as a Planning Tool for the Communal Implementation of Urban Greening N2 - Nach aktuellem Stand der Forschung ist die Dachbegrünung eine geeignete Klimaanpassungsmaßnahme, mit der die Folgen des rezenten Klimawandels in verdichteten und versiegelten Stadtgebieten abgeschwächt werden können. Vor dem Hintergrund schrumpfender Flächenreserven und wachsender Flächenkonkurrenz können auf Dächern alternative Flächenressourcen zur Expansion urbanen Grüns erschlossen werden. Zudem besitzt diese Begrünungsart vielfältige ökologische und ökonomische Vorteile (Kühlwirkung, Biodiversität, Wasserrückhaltung, Gebäudedämmung und -schutz). Mit Bebauungsplänen und Innenbereichssatzungen sowie Förderprogrammen und indirekter Förderung (gesplittete Abwassergebühren) stehen den Kommunen harte und weiche Instrumente zur Verfügung, um Gebäudeeigentümer für Dachbegrünungsmaßnahmen im Neubau, aber auch im Bestandsbau zu mobilisieren. Für eine Aktivierung bereits bestehender Dachflächen eignet sich besonders die Extensivbegrünung dank ihrer anspruchslosen Vegetation, des minimalen Pflegeaufwands sowie den geringeren statischen und formspezifischen Anforderungen an die Dachkonstruktion gegenüber der Intensivbegrünung. Auf Basis von Untersuchungen mit Fernerkundungsdaten und amtlichen Geodaten konnten für deutsche Groß- und Mittelstädte enorme Flächenpotentiale für die nachträgliche Dachbegrünung festgestellt werden. Zur Stadt Würzburg, in der als Hotspot des Klimawandels eine hohe Dringlichkeit für Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen besteht, lagen bis dato keine Daten zu diesem Potential vor. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Luftbilder, Höhendaten (LiDAR) und amtliche Gebäudeumriss-Daten in einem Geoinformationssystem (GIS) zu einer dreidimensionalen Dachlandschaft verarbeitet, hinsichtlich relevanter Begrünungskriterien (Neigung, Homogenität, Größe, Funktion) analysiert und in Form von Karten, Bildern und Statistiken ausgegeben. Für das konkrete Untersuchungsgebiet der stadtklimatisch besonders kritischen Stadtbezirke Altstadt und Sanderau konnte eine empirische Grundlage zur Quantifizierung der Potentialfläche geschaffen werden. Rund ein Drittel der über 5.000 untersuchten innerstädtischen Dächer kommen mit einer Fläche von über 300.000 m² für eine nachträgliche Begrünung in Betracht. Zudem wurden Aussagen zur städtebaulichen Qualifizierung (Denkmalschutz) dieser Flächen getroffen und die Aktivierbarkeit mit dem einschlägigen stadtplanerischem Begrünungsinstrumentarium (Förderprogramm, Satzung bzw. Bebauungsplan) bewertet. So konnten die für die Umsetzung der geeigneten Dachflächen nötigen Förderkosten auf Basis der geltenden Förderrichtlinie approximiert werden. Zudem wurde unter Verwendung amtlicher Baustatistik und einschlägiger Bebauungspläne ein zeitlicher Horizont geschätzt, bis zu welchem sich Eigentümer an die Vorgaben einer hypothetischen Dachbegrünungssatzung anpassen würden. Die Arbeit bietet Anreize für die Methodik geoinformatischer Analysen sowie für städteplanerische Analyse- und Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Natürlich kann die fernerkundliche Messung keine bautechnische Begutachtung vor Ort ersetzen, sie kann aber im Vorfeld einen Eindruck der teils versteckten Flächenreserven kostengünstig und flächendeckend verschaffen und zudem die Möglichkeit darauf aufbauender Untersuchungen der ökologischen oder städtebaulichen Wirkung eröffnen. N2 - According to the current state of research, green roofing is an appropriate measure for climat-ic adaptation with which the consequences of recent climate change in condensed and sealed municipal areas can be mitigated. Against the backdrop of shrinking area resources, alterna-tive resources can be developed on rooftops to expand urban green. With legally binding development plans (Bebauungspläne) and communal bylaws (Innenbereichssatzungen) as well as incentive programmes and indirect funding, communes have hard and soft tools at their hands to induce property owners to implement measures of green roofing in new and existing construction. For the activation of already existing rooftop areas, extensive green roofing is suitable thanks to its undemanding vegetation and its – compared to intensive green roofing – minor static constructional requirements. Regarding the city of Würzburg, a hotspot of climate change with an urgent need for taking adaptational climatic measures, up to this date no data was available concerning the potential of subsequent green roofing. In the context of this paper, aerial images, height data (LiDAR) and official building outlines are processed into a three-dimensional rooftop landscape and analysed in terms of pertinent criteria for green roofing. About a third of the more than 5.000 examined rooftops in the municipal areas Altstadt and Sanderau are suitable for subsequent greening, which results in an area of more than 300.000 m2. This paper also examines the compatibility of rooftop greening with monumental protection (Denkmalschutz). Further analysis was carried out concerning the implementation of greening on potential surfaces through the means of fund-ing programmes and binding communal development plans. Through this analysis, an ap-proximation of the required funding costs was calculated. Lastly, an estimation of the timeframe in which the property owners would have to adapt to hypothetical green roofing bylaws was set up by considering municipal building statistics and applicable development plans. The paper offers incentives for analytical geoinformatical methodology as well as for analyses and strategies for taking action in regard to urban planning. KW - Dachbegrünung KW - Architektur KW - Stadtplanung KW - Umweltschutz KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Gebäudebegrünung KW - urban greening KW - urban planning KW - Geoinformatik KW - geodata Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210674 ER - TY - THES A1 - Breul, Andrea T1 - Auf den Spuren des Gelben Sacks – Mülltrennung in Würzburg T1 - Follow the yellow bag – waste separation in Würzburg N2 - Produkte aus Kunststoff gehören heutzutage wie selbstverständlich zu unserem Alltag. Mit dem vermehrten Einsatz von Verpackungen und Wegwerfprodukten aus Plastik wachsen aber auch die Herausforderungen, die mit der Entsorgung dieses Materials verbunden sind. Umweltverschmutzung durch Plastikabfälle, Strategien zur Plastikvermeidung und die Notwendigkeit des Recyclings werden in den Medien in den letzten Jahren verstärkt diskutiert. Schon in den 1990er-Jahren wurde in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit der Einführung des Dualen Systems die Schaffung einer umfassenden Infrastruktur zur Sammlung, Sortierung und Wiederverwertung von Verpackungsabfällen in die Wege geleitet. Seitdem sammeln Millionen deutsche Haushalte ihre gebrauchten Verpackungen getrennt vom restlichen Müll in Gelben Säcken. Am Beispiel der Stadt Würzburg gibt die vorliegende Arbeit Einblicke in die Funktionsweise des Dualen Systems und zeigt die Verknüpfungen zwischen den einzelnen beteiligten Akteur*innen auf. Zudem wird untersucht, inwiefern der Gelbe Sack den Umgang mit Verpackungsabfällen im alltäglichen Leben mitbestimmt und welche Rolle seine eigene Materialität hierbei spielt. N2 - Plastic products are a matter of course in our everyday lives. With the increased use of plastic packaging and disposable products, the challenges associated with the disposal of this material are also growing. Plastic pollution, strategies for the reduction of plastic consumption and the importance of recycling have been increasingly discussed in the media in recent years. In the 1990s, the set up of the dual system of waste collection in Germany initiated the development of a comprehensive infrastructure for the collection, sorting and recycling of packaging waste. Since then, millions of German households have been collecting their used packaging separately from other types of waste in special yellow bags (Gelbe Säcke). Using the example of the city of Würzburg, this thesis provides insights into the functioning of the dual system and shows the links between the different actors involved in this system. Furthermore, it is examined in what ways the yellow bag and its own material influences the handling of packaging waste in everyday life. T3 - Würzburger Studien zur Europäischen Ethnologie - 6 KW - Alltagskultur KW - Kunststoffabfall KW - Abfallbeseitigung KW - Getrennte Sammlung KW - Kulturanthropologie KW - Gelber Sack KW - Plastic Waste KW - Material Culture KW - Multisited Ethnography KW - Rubbish Theory KW - Eigensinn der Dinge Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203302 SN - 2511-9486 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hammer, Alexandra T1 - Doing Childhoods – Doing Futures? Ethnografische Perspektiven auf das gemeinsame Werden von Kindern und Eltern T1 - Doing Childhoods – Doing Futures? Ethnographic Perspectives on the becoming-with of Children and Parents N2 - Dass Kinder unsere Zukunft sind, ist ein Allgemeinplatz. Diese vermeintliche Selbstverständlichkeit nimmt die vorliegende Arbeit zum Anlass, um danach zu fragen, wo und wie Zukünftiges tatsächlich eine Rolle für kindliche und elterliche Alltage spielt. So geht diese ethnografische Studie zweier Krabbelgruppen der Frage nach, wie sowohl Kindheiten als auch Zukünfte innerhalb konkreter Praktiken erst als solche hervorgebracht werden, und zeichnet hierfür unterschiedliche Relationen zwischen diesen beiden Phänomenen nach. Welchen Anteil haben neben den elterlichen auch die kindlichen Akteur*innen sowie nicht-menschliche Andere an diesen Prozessen? Wann und wie werden in der Auseinandersetzung mit Kindheiten neben Zukünften auch Vergangenheiten und Gegenwarten (relevant) gemacht – wann von wem wie Zeitlichkeit hervorgebracht? Ein Zusammendenken von praxistheoretischen Perspektiven der Future Studies mit Konzepten der NaturenKulturenforschung und der Neuen Kindheitsforschung erlaubt es Alexandra Hammer, kleinkindliche Entwicklung als immer auch non-lineares, lebendiges und situatives Unterfangen sichtbar zu machen und zugleich die produktive Rolle dieser jungen Akteur*innen und nichtmenschlicher Anderer aufzuzeigen. N2 - Children are our future. Taking that notion as a starting point, this thesis asks how and when future/s are in fact relevant for the everyday lives of toddlers and their parents. Based on the ethnographic study of two parents‘ and toddler’s groups, it explores the tangible practices through which childhoods and futures are brought to life. What role do the parents, children, and non-human others play in these practices? When and how are not only futures but also pasts and presents made relevant while addressing childhoods – how is time enacted in these situations? This study combines more-than-human or posthumanist perspectives, new childhood studies, and a practice-theoretical approach to future studies, which allows Alexandra Hammer to narrate children’s becomings as non-linear, situated, and vital ventures. Moreover, this study visualizes the productive role of children and non-human others in these processes of making time in particular and worlding in general. T3 - Würzburger Studien zur Europäischen Ethnologie - 7 KW - Kulturanthropologie KW - Zeit KW - Posthumanismus KW - Kleinkind KW - Ethnografie KW - future studies KW - more-than-human KW - cultural anthropology KW - NaturenKulturen KW - Krabbelgruppe KW - Alltagskultur KW - Praxistheorie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211131 SN - 2511-9486 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chifu, Irina A1 - Heinze, Britta A1 - Fuss, Carmina T. A1 - Lang, Katharina A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Kircher, Stefan A1 - Ronchi, Cristina L. A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Hahner, Stefanie T1 - Impact of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on Clinical Outcome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology N2 - Chemokine receptors have a negative impact on tumor progression in several human cancers and have therefore been of interest for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. However, their clinical and prognostic significance in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemokine receptor profile in ACC and to analyse its association with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. A chemokine receptor profile was initially evaluated by quantitative PCR in 4 normal adrenals, 18 ACC samples and human ACC cell line NCI-H295. High expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both healthy and malignant adrenal tissue and ACC cells was confirmed. In the next step, we analyzed the expression and cellular localization of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in ACC by immunohistochemistry in 187 and 84 samples, respectively. These results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcome. We detected strong membrane expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in 50% of ACC samples. Strong cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining was more frequent among samples derived from metastases compared to primaries (p=0.01) and local recurrences (p=0.04). CXCR4 membrane staining positively correlated with proliferation index Ki67 (r=0.17, p=0.028). CXCR7 membrane staining negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=−0.254, p=0.03) but positively with tumor size (r=0.3, p=0.02). No differences in progression-free or overall survival were observed between patients with strong and weak staining intensities for CXCR4 or CXCR7. Taken together, high expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both local tumors and metastases suggests that some ACC patients might benefit from CXCR4/CXCR7-targeted therapy. KW - chemokine receptor KW - prognosis KW - adrenocortical carcinoma KW - CXCR4 KW - CXCR7 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216494 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grebe, Sören Jendrik A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Donhauser, Julian A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Krane, Vera A1 - Hammer, Fabian T1 - Quantification of left ventricular mass by echocardiography compared to cardiac magnet resonance imaging in hemodialysis patients JF - Cardiovascular Ultrasound N2 - Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), defined by the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients and a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), echocardiography tends to overestimate the LVMI. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) compared to CMR regarding the assessment of LVMI in hemodialysis patients. Methods: TTR and CMR data for 95 hemodialysis patients who participated in the MiREnDa trial were analyzed. The LVMI was calculated by two-dimensional (2D) TTE-guided M-mode measurements employing the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and Teichholz (Th) formulas, which were compared to the reference method, CMR. Results: LVH was present in 44% of patients based on LVMI measured by CMR. LVMI measured by echocardiography correlated moderately with CMR, ASE: r = 0.44 (0.34-0.62); Th: r = 0.44 (0.32-0.62). Compared to CMR, both echocardiographic formulas overestimated LVMI (mean increment LVMI (ASE-CMR): 19.5 +/- 19.48 g/m(2),p < 0.001; mean increment LVMI (Th-CMR): 15.9 +/- 15.89 g/m(2),p < 0.001). We found greater LVMI overestimation in patients with LVH using the ASE formula compared to the Th formula. Stratification of patients into CMR LVMI quartiles showed a continuous decrease in increment LVMI with increasing CMR LVMI quartiles for the Th formula (p < 0.001) but not for the ASE formula (p = 0.772). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the Th formula had a constant bias independent of LVMI. Both methods had good discrimination ability for the detection of LVH (ROC-AUC: 0.819 (0.737-0.901) and 0.808 (0.723-0.892) for Th and ASE, respectively). Conclusions: The ASE and Th formulas overestimate LVMI in hemodialysis patients. However, the overestimation is less with the Th formula, particularly with increasing LVMI. The results suggest that the Th formula should be preferred for measurement of LVMI in chronic hemodialysis patients. KW - Teichholz formula KW - ASE formula KW - echocardiography KW - left ventricular hypertrophy KW - left ventricular mass index KW - hemodialysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229282 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breitenbach, Tim A1 - Borzì, Alfio T1 - The Pontryagin maximum principle for solving Fokker–Planck optimal control problems JF - Computational Optimization and Applications N2 - The characterization and numerical solution of two non-smooth optimal control problems governed by a Fokker–Planck (FP) equation are investigated in the framework of the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP). The two FP control problems are related to the problem of determining open- and closed-loop controls for a stochastic process whose probability density function is modelled by the FP equation. In both cases, existence and PMP characterisation of optimal controls are proved, and PMP-based numerical optimization schemes are implemented that solve the PMP optimality conditions to determine the controls sought. Results of experiments are presented that successfully validate the proposed computational framework and allow to compare the two control strategies. KW - Fokker–Planck equation KW - Pontryagin maximum principle KW - non-smooth optimal control problems KW - stochastic processes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232665 SN - 0926-6003 VL - 76 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neidinger, Rico T1 - Europa- und verfassungsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen der Netzneutralität N2 - Die Dynamik technischer Entwicklungen ist mannigfaltig und stellt das Recht vor immer neue Herausforderungen. Neben der rechtlichen Einhegung neuer Möglichkeiten müssen häufig grundlegende Wertentscheidungen getroffen werden. Dies betrifft auch die Funktionsweise des Internets. Ursprünglich gewährleistet das „Best-Effort-Prinzip“ eine gleichmäßige Behandlung des Datenverkehrs im Netz. Neue technische Entwicklungen eröffnen Internetzugangsanbietern nun Möglichkeiten zur Beeinflussung der Datenübertragung. Durch diese Entwicklung ist das Thema Netzneutralität in den rechtswissenschaftlichen Fokus gerückt und der Ruf nach Regulierung laut geworden. Mit der Aufgabe des „Best-Effort-Prinzips“ wurde nicht weniger als der Untergang des „Internet-Abendlandes“ prophezeit. Die den Internetzugangsanbietern mögliche Beeinflussung der Meinungsfreiheit der Internetnutzer beschworen einige als ernsthafte Gefahr für die Demokratie. Zugleich pochten die Internetprovider auf ihre unternehmerischen Freiheiten und priesen die neuen Innovationen, welche mit den technischen Möglichkeiten einhergingen. Nach einer intensiven Diskussion einigte sich der europäische Gesetzgeber mit der Verordnung (EU) 2015/2120 über Maßnahmen zum Zugang zum offenen Internet auf eine Regelung zu diesem Thema, ohne freilich das Wort Netzneutralität zu verwenden. Die offene Formulierung der EUNNVO stößt in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Literatur auf Kritik. Zu unbestimmt seien die Anforderungen, die die Verordnung – gerade mit Blick auf den grundrechtssensiblen Bereich – aufstellt. Tatsächlich sind die europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Anforderungen an eine solche Regelung weit weniger eindeutig als erwartet. Grundrechte, Grundfreiheiten, Anforderungen an die Wirtschaftsverfassung schaffen, zumal in Kombination mit den Herausforderungen des Mehrebenensystems, eine komplexe rechtliche Ausgangslage. T3 - Würzburger Online-Schriften zum Europarecht - 10 KW - Netzneutralität KW - Europarecht KW - Verfassungsrecht KW - EUNNVO KW - VO (EU) 2015/2120 KW - Best-Effort-Prinzip Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198293 SN - 2199-790X ER - TY - INPR A1 - Titov, Evgenii A1 - Humeniuk, Alexander A1 - Mitric, Roland T1 - Comparison of moving and fixed basis sets for nonadiabatic quantum dynamics at conical intersections T2 - Chemical Physics N2 - We assess the performance of two different types of basis sets for nonadiabatic quantum dynamics at conical intersections. The basis sets of both types are generated using Ehrenfest trajectories of nuclear coherent states. These trajectories can either serve as a moving (time-dependent) basis or be employed to sample a fixed (time-independent) basis. We demonstrate on the example of two-state two-dimensional and three-state five-dimensional models that both basis set types can yield highly accurate results for population transfer at intersections, as compared with reference quantum dynamics. The details of wave packet evolutions are discussed for the case of the two-dimensional model. The fixed basis is found to be superior to the moving one in reproducing true nonlocal spreading and maintaining correct shape of the wave packet upon time evolution. Moreover, for the models considered, the fixed basis set outperforms the moving one in terms of computational efficiency. KW - Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198699 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110526 N1 - Accepted manuscript ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Sebastian A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Mergner, Ulrich A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Thorn, Simon T1 - Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: An experimental approach JF - Journal of Applied Ecology N2 - The enrichment of deadwood is essential for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in managed forests. However, existing strategies focus on a cost‐intensive increase of deadwood amount, while largely neglecting increasing deadwood diversity. Deadwood objects, that is logs and branches, from six tree species were experimentally sun exposed, canopy shaded and artificially shaded for 4 years, after which the alpha‐, beta‐ and gamma‐diversity of saproxylic beetles, wood‐inhabiting fungi and spiders were analysed. Analyses of beta‐diversity included the spatial distance between exposed deadwood objects. A random‐drawing procedure was used to identify the combination of tree species and sun exposure that yielded the highest gamma‐diversity at a minimum of exposed deadwood amount. In sun‐exposed plots, species numbers in logs were higher than in shaded plots for all taxa, while in branches we observed the opposite for saproxylic beetles. Tree species affected the species numbers only of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting fungi. The beta‐diversity of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting fungi among logs was influenced by sun exposure and tree species, but beta‐diversity of spiders by sun exposure only. For all saproxylic taxa recorded in logs, differences between communities increased with increasing spatial distance. A combination of canopy‐shaded Carpinus logs and sun‐exposed Populus logs resulted in the highest species numbers of all investigated saproxylic taxa among all possible combinations of tree species and sun‐exposure treatments. Synthesis and applications. We recommend incorporating the enrichment of different tree species and particularly the variation in sun exposure into existing strategies of deadwood enrichment. Based on the results of our study, we suggest to combine the logs of softwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Carpinus, Populus), hardwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Quercus) and coniferous tree species (e.g. Pinus) under different conditions of sun exposure and distribute them spatially in a landscape to maximize the beneficial effects on overall diversity. KW - broadleaf tree species KW - deadwood enrichment KW - forest conservation KW - forest management KW - saproxylic beetles KW - spiders KW - sun exposure KW - wood‐inhabiting fungi Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214614 VL - 57 IS - 10 SP - 2075 EP - 2085 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Lina T1 - Schmied, Doris/Wüstenrot Stiftung (Hrsg.): Große Dörfer – Kleine Städte (RURAL, Bd. 9), 148 S., Cuvillier, Göttingen 2018 JF - Neue Politische Literatur N2 - Keine Zusammenfassung vorhanden. KW - Rezension KW - Schmied, Doris/Wüstenrot Stiftung (Hrsg.): Große Dörfer – Kleine Städte Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234913 SN - 0028-3320 VL - 65 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Klose, Petra A1 - Welsch, Patrick A1 - Petzke, Frank A1 - Häuser, Winfried T1 - Opioids for chronic non‐cancer neuropathic pain. An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized placebo‐controlled studies of at least 4 weeks duration JF - European Journal of Pain N2 - Background and Objective This updated systematic review evaluated the efficacy, tolerability and safety of opioids compared to placebo in chronic non‐cancer neuropathic pain. Databases and Data Treatment Clinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched from October 2013 to June 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing opioids with placebo and at least 4 weeks double‐blinded duration were analysed. Primary outcomes were pain relief of 50% or greater, disability, tolerability and safety. Effects were summarized by a random effects model using risk differences (RD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). We added four new studies with 662 participants for a total of 16 included studies with 2,199 participants. Study duration ranged between 4 and 12 weeks. Studies with a parallel and cross‐over design: Based on low to moderate quality evidence, opioids (buprenorphine, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol) provided a clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and reduction of disability compared to placebo. There was no clinically relevant harm with regards to the drop out rate due to adverse and serious adverse events by opioids compared to placebo. Enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal design: Based on low to moderate quality evidence, tapentadol provided a clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and reduction of disability compared to placebo in diabetic polyneuropathy. There was no clinically relevant harm with regards to the drop out rate due to adverse and serious adverse events by tapentadol compared to placebo. Conclusions Some opioids provided a short‐term substantial pain relief in highly selected patients in some neuropathic pain syndromes. Significance Some opioids (buprenorphine, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol, tapentadol) provide substantial pain relief compared to placebo in postherpetic neuralgia and peripheral neuropathies of different aetiologies for 4–12 weeks. There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the suggestion that these drugs are effective in other neuropathic pain conditions. The safety of opioids with regards to abuse and deaths in the studies analysed cannot be extrapolated to routine clinical care. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218487 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 18 ER -