TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ewing, William C.
A1  - Dellermann, Theresa
A1  - Angel Wong, Y. T.
A1  - Mattock, James D.
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Bryce, David L.
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - \(\pi\)‐Complexes of Diborynes with Main Group Atoms
JF  - Chemistry – An Asian Journal
N2  - We present herein an in‐depth study of complexes in which a molecule containing a boron‐boron triple bond is bound to tellurate cations. The analysis allows the description of these salts as true π complexes between the B−B triple bond and the tellurium center. These complexes thus extend the well‐known Dewar‐Chatt‐Duncanson model of bonding to compounds made up solely of p block elements. Structural, spectroscopic and computational evidence is offered to argue that a set of recently reported heterocycles consisting of phenyltellurium cations complexed to diborynes bear all the hallmarks of \(\pi\)‐complexes in the \(\pi\)‐complex/metallacycle continuum envisioned by Joseph Chatt. Described as such, these compounds are unique in representing the extreme of a metal‐free continuum with conventional unsaturated three‐membered rings (cyclopropenes, azirenes, borirenes) occupying the opposite end.
KW  - boron
KW  - main group elements
KW  - solid-state NMR
KW  - \(\pi\) interactions
KW  - multiple bonds
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214677
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
SP  - 1553
EP  - 1557
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Üçeyler, Nurcan
A1  - Buchholz, Hans-Georg
A1  - Kewenig, Susanne
A1  - Ament, Stephan-Johann
A1  - Birklein, Frank
A1  - Schreckenberger, Mathias
A1  - Sommer, Claudia
T1  - Cortical Binding Potential of Opioid Receptors in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Reduced Systemic Interleukin-4 Levels – A Pilot Study
JF  - Frontiers in Neuroscience
N2  - Objective: We investigated cerebral opioid receptor binding potential in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) using positron-emission-tomography (PET) and correlated our results with patients’ systemic interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene expression.
Methods: In this pilot study, seven FMS patients (1 man, 6 women) agreed to participate in experimental PET scans. All patients underwent neurological examination, were investigated with questionnaires for pain, depression, and FMS symptoms. Additionally, blood for IL-4 gene expression analysis was withdrawn at two time points with a median latency of 1.3 years. Patients were investigated in a PET scanner using the opioid receptor ligand F-18-fluoro-ethyl-diprenorphine ([18F]FEDPN) and results were compared with laboratory normative values.
Results: Neurological examination was normal in all FMS patients. Reduced opioid receptor binding was found in mid cingulate cortex compared to healthy controls (p < 0.005). Interestingly, three patients with high systemic IL-4 gene expression had increased opioid receptor binding in the fronto-basal cortex compared to those with low IL-4 gene expression (p < 0.005).
Conclusion: Our data give further evidence for a reduction in cortical opioid receptor availability in FMS patients as another potential central nervous system contributor to pain in FMS.
KW  - fibromyalgia syndrome
KW  - PET
KW  - brain
KW  - opioid
KW  - IL-4
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204457
SN  - 1662-453X
VL  - 14
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kauffmann, Frederic
A1  - Höhne, Christian
A1  - Assaf, Alexandre Thomas
A1  - Vollkommer, Tobias
A1  - Semmusch, Jan
A1  - Reitmeier, Aline
A1  - Stein, Jamal Michel
A1  - Heiland, Max
A1  - Smeets, Ralf
A1  - Rutkowski, Rico
T1  - The influence of local pamidronate application on alveolar dimensional preservation after tooth extraction — an animal experimental study
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - The aim of this randomized, controlled animal exploratory trial was to investigate the influence of local application of aminobisphosphonate pamidronate during the socket preservation procedure. Mandibular premolars were extracted in five Göttingen minipigs. Two animals underwent socket preservation using BEGO OSS (n = 8 sockets) and three animals using BEGO OSS + Pamifos (15 mg) (n = 12 sockets). After jaw impression, cast models (baseline, eight weeks postoperative) were digitized using an inLab X5 scanner (Dentsply Sirona) and the generated STL data were superimposed and analyzed with GOM Inspect 2018 (GOM, Braunschweig). After 16 weeks, the lower jaws were prepared and examined using standard histological methods. In the test group (BEGO OSS + pamidronate), buccooral dimensional loss was significantly lower, both vestibulary (−0.80 ± 0.57 mm vs. −1.92 ± 0.63 mm; p = 0.00298) and lingually (−1.36 ± 0.58 mm vs. −2.56 ± 0.65 mm; p = 0.00104) compared with the control group (BEGO OSS). The test group showed a significant difference between vestibular and lingual dimensional loss (p = 0.04036). Histology showed cortical and cancellous bone in the alveolar sockets without signs of local inflammation. Adjuvant application of pamidronate during socket preservation reduces alveolar dimensional loss significantly. Further investigations with regard to dose–response relationships, volume effects, side effects, and a verification of the suitability in combination with other bone substitute materials (BSMs) are necessary.
KW  - pamidronate
KW  - socket preservation
KW  - ridge preservation
KW  - bone remodeling
KW  - bone regeneration
KW  - bisphosphonates
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285173
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 21
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sajko, Sara
A1  - Grishkovskaya, Irina
A1  - Kostan, Julius
A1  - Graewert, Melissa
A1  - Setiawan, Kim
A1  - Trübestein, Linda
A1  - Niedermüller, Korbinian
A1  - Gehin, Charlotte
A1  - Sponga, Antonio
A1  - Puchinger, Martin
A1  - Gavin, Anne-Claude
A1  - Leonard, Thomas A.
A1  - Svergun, Dimitri I.
A1  - Smith, Terry K.
A1  - Morriswood, Brooke
A1  - Djinovic-Carugo, Kristina
T1  - Structures of three MORN repeat proteins and a re-evaluation of the proposed lipid-binding properties of MORN repeats
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - MORN (Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus) repeat proteins have a wide taxonomic distribution, being found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite this ubiquity, they remain poorly characterised at both a structural and a functional level compared to other common repeats. In functional terms, they are often assumed to be lipid-binding modules that mediate membrane targeting. We addressed this putative activity by focusing on a protein composed solely of MORN repeats-Trypanosoma brucei MORN1. Surprisingly, no evidence for binding to membranes or lipid vesicles by TbMORN1 could be obtained either in vivo or in vitro. Conversely, TbMORN1 did interact with individual phospholipids. High- and low-resolution structures of the MORN1 protein from Trypanosoma brucei and homologous proteins from the parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum were obtained using a combination of macromolecular crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy. This enabled a first structure-based definition of the MORN repeat itself. Furthermore, all three structures dimerised via their C-termini in an antiparallel configuration. The dimers could form extended or V-shaped quaternary structures depending on the presence of specific interface residues. This work provides a new perspective on MORN repeats, showing that they are protein-protein interaction modules capable of mediating both dimerisation and oligomerisation.
KW  - recognition nexus domain
KW  - trypanosoma brucei
KW  - blood stream
KW  - phosphatidylserine transport
KW  - biological macromolecules
KW  - membrane occupation
KW  - solution scattering
KW  - molecular cloning
KW  - flagellar pocket
KW  - endocytosis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231261
VL  - 15
IS  - 23
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Flachenecker, Peter
A1  - Bures, Anna Karoline
A1  - Gawlik, Angeli
A1  - Weiland, Ann-Christin
A1  - Kuld, Sarah
A1  - Gusowski, Klaus
A1  - Streber, René
A1  - Pfeifer, Klaus
A1  - Tallner, Alexander
T1  - Efficacy of an internet-based program to promote physical activity and exercise after inpatient rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - Background: Multimodal rehabilitation improves fatigue and mobility in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Effects are transient and may be conserved by internet-based physical activity promotion programs. Objective: Evaluate the effects of internet-based physical activity and exercise promotion on fatigue, quality of life, and gait in PwMS after inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6.0, fatigue: Würzburg Fatigue Inventory for Multiple Sclerosis (WEIMuS) ≥ 32) were randomized into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). After rehabilitation, IG received 3 months of internet-based physical activity promotion, while CG received no intervention. Primary outcome: self-reported fatigue (WEIMuS). Secondary outcomes: quality of life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29, MSIS-29), gait (2min/10m walking test, Tinetti score). Measurements: beginning (T0) and end (T1) of inpatient rehabilitation, 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months afterwards. Results: 64 of 84 PwMS were analyzed (IG: 34, CG: 30). After rehabilitation, fatigue decreased in both groups. At T2 and T3, fatigue increased again in CG but was improved in IG (p < 0.001). MSIS-29 improved in both groups at T1 but remained improved at T2 and T3 only in IG. Gait improvements were more pronounced in IG at T2. Conclusions: The study provides Class II evidence that the effects of rehabilitation on fatigue, quality of life, and gait can be maintained for 3–6 months with an internet-based physical activity and exercise promotion program.
KW  - multiple sclerosis
KW  - rehabilitation
KW  - fatigue
KW  - quality of life
KW  - walking
KW  - physical activity
KW  - exercise
KW  - online systems
KW  - internet-based intervention
KW  - health behavior
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207863
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 17
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ohlmann, Brigitte
A1  - Waldecker, Moritz
A1  - Leckel, Michael
A1  - Bömicke, Wolfgang
A1  - Behnisch, Rouven
A1  - Rammelsberg, Peter
A1  - Schmitter, Marc
T1  - Correlations between sleep bruxism and temporomandibular disorders
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2  - The aim of this study was to identify correlations between sleep bruxism (SB) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) as diagnosed by means of the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). Sleep bruxism was diagnosed on the basis of I) validated questionnaires, II) clinical symptoms, and III) electromyographic/electrocardiographic data. A total of 110 subjects were included in the study. Fifty-eight patients were identified as bruxers and 52 as nonbruxers. A psychosocial assessment was also performed. An RDC/TMD group-I diagnosis (myofascial pain) was made for 10 out of 58 bruxers, whereas none of the nonbruxers received a diagnosis of this type. No significant differences were found between bruxers and nonbruxers with regard to RDC/TMD group-II (disc displacement) and group-III (arthralgia, arthritis, arthrosis) diagnoses. Somatization was significantly more common among bruxers than nonbruxers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that somatization was the only factor significantly correlated with the diagnosis of myofascial pain. The results of this study indicate a correlation between myofascial pain, as diagnosed using the RDC/TMD, and somatization. It seems that somatization is a stronger predictor of an RDC/TMD diagnosis of myofascial pain than sleep bruxism is.
KW  - sleep bruxism
KW  - TMD
KW  - electromyographic/electrocardiographic data
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200662
SN  - 2077-0383
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kunz, Felix
A1  - Kayserili, Hülya
A1  - Midro, Alina
A1  - de Silva, Deepthi
A1  - Basnayake, Sriyani
A1  - Güven, Yeliz
A1  - Borys, Jan
A1  - Schanze, Denny
A1  - Stellzig‐Eisenhauer, Angelika
A1  - Bloch‐Zupan, Agnes
A1  - Zenker, Martin
T1  - Characteristic dental pattern with hypodontia and short roots in Fraser syndrome
JF  - American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
N2  - Fraser syndrome (FS) is a rare autosomal recessive multiple congenital malformation syndrome characterized by cryptophthalmos, cutaneous syndactyly, renal agenesis, ambiguous genitalia, and laryngotracheal anomalies. It is caused by biallelic mutations of FRAS1, FREM2, and GRIP1 genes, encoding components of a protein complex that mediates embryonic epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. Anecdotal reports have described abnormal orodental findings in FS, but no study has as yet addressed the orodental findings of FS systematically. We reviewed dental radiographs of 10 unrelated patients with FS of different genetic etiologies. Dental anomalies were present in all patients with FS and included hypodontia, dental crowding, medial diastema, and retained teeth. A very consistent pattern of shortened dental roots of most permanent teeth as well as altered length/width ratio with shortened dental crowns of upper incisors was also identified. These findings suggest that the FRAS1–FREM complex mediates critical mesenchymal–epithelial interactions during dental crown and root development. The orodental findings of FS reported herein represent a previously underestimated manifestation of the disorder with significant impact on orodental health for affected individuals. Integration of dentists and orthodontists into the multidisciplinary team for management of FS is therefore recommended.
KW  - dental roots
KW  - Fraser syndrome
KW  - hypodontia
KW  - orodental health
KW  - taurodontism
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216147
VL  - 182
IS  - 7
SP  - 1681
EP  - 1689
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhne, Christian
A1  - Schwarzbauer, Raphael
A1  - Schmitter, Marc
T1  - Introduction of a new teaching concept for crown preparation with 3D printed teeth
JF  - European Journal of Dental Education
N2  - Introduction
For both students and teachers, it is challenging to learn and teach a correct crown preparation. The purpose of this study was the design, feasibility and evaluation of a 3D printed tooth model with internal preparation for dental education in crown preparation and to analyse the quality of the prepared printed teeth in comparison with prepared standard model teeth.

Materials and methods
A printable tooth was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. 38 fourth‐year dental students in the first clinical course in prosthodontics were trained in a voluntary course using printed teeth. Different aspects of the printed tooth were evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades (1 best to 5 worst). The quality of the preparation with the printed teeth and standard training teeth was also rated in an evaluation form done by an expert group consisting of five experienced dentists.

Results
The workflow was feasible and cost‐effective for the production of the teeth. The overall rating of the printed tooth was Ø 2.0 ± 0.34 in the questionnaire completed by the students. The students rated the printed tooth model (Ø 2.1 ± 0.85) as significantly better than the standard model tooth (Ø 3.3 ± 0.77; P = .000). The students reported great benefits in the use of this model tooth, for example valuable replacement of a standard model and real teeth, direct control of material loss. The quality of the preparation was evaluated by the expert group as significantly better with an overall mean grade of Ø 2.6 ± 0.37 for the printed teeth compared to Ø 2.9 ± 0.42 for the standard model teeth (P = .000).

Conclusions
The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students favoured to work on the innovative 3D‐teeth with internal preparation, emphasising the usefulness of this technique in dental education. The expert group confirmed also the significant training effect of this tooth model in contrast to a standard model tooth.
KW  - 3D printing
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - clinical practice
KW  - dental education
KW  - printed tooth
KW  - student training
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218133
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 526
EP  - 534
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhne, Christian
A1  - Dickhaut, Nora
A1  - Schmitter, Marc
T1  - Introduction of a new teaching concept for dentin post preparation with 3D printed teeth
JF  - European Journal of Dental Education
N2  - Introduction
The preparation for dentin posts is difficult and hard to learn. There are currently no reproducible simulation models to train this clinical procedure. The purpose of this study was the design, feasibility and evaluation of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed tooth model for the pre‐clinical teaching of students.

Materials and methods
A printable tooth was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. A total of 48 fourth‐year dental students in the first clinical course in prosthodontics were trained in a voluntary hands‐on course on 4 similar printed teeth. The students used standard model teeth and real‐teeth models during their education. They had experience in caries removement and root canal treatment on real patients. Root perforations were counted for every attempt. The different benefits of the 3D printed tooth were evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades from 1 (best) to 6 (worst).

Results
The overall rating of the printed tooth was Ø1.9 ± 0.3. The item “suitable exercise option” was rated Ø2.0 ± 0.8, and the teeth were “easy to use” Ø1.9 ± 0.9. The item “realistic approach to dentin post preparation” was rated Ø2.1 ± 0.8, and the teeth showed the “shortcomings at a root perforation” Ø1.5 ± 0.6. The students reported to have much more motivation and enthusiasm to improve their skills with the printed teeth Ø2.1 ± 0.9. They had a strong desire to include these teeth in their pre‐clinical education before the first patient treatment Ø1.6 ± 0.8. The success rate of the dentin post preparation was significantly better for the second 25% (P = .047) and fourth 48% (P = .04) attempt.

Conclusions
The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students had the possibility to learn a correct dentin post preparation on a printed tooth model. The learning effect with this tooth model was rated as good to very good by the questionnaire.
KW  - 3D printing
KW  - additive manufacturing
KW  - CAD
KW  - CAM
KW  - clinical practice
KW  - dental education
KW  - dentin post
KW  - printed tooth
KW  - rapid prototyping
KW  - stereolithography
KW  - student training
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215586
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 499
EP  - 506
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Yang, Manli
T1  - \(Chlamydia\) \(trachomatis\) metabolism during infection and metatranscriptome analysis in \(Neisseria\) \(gonorrhoeae\) coinfected STD patients
T1  - \(Chlamydia\) \(trachomatis\) Metabolismus während der
Infektion sowie die Analyse des Metatranskriptoms bei
\(Neisseria\) \(gonorrhoeae\) koinfizierten STD-Patienten
N2  - Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is an obligate intracellular human pathogen. It causes blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease and lymphogranuloma venereum. Ct has a unique biphasic development cycle and replicates in an intracellular vacuole called inclusion. Normally it has two forms: the infectious form, elementary body (EB); and the non-infectious form, reticulate body (RB). Ct is not easily amenable to genetic manipulation. Hence, to understand the infection process, it is crucial to study how the metabolic activity of Ct exactly evolves in the host cell and what roles of EB and RB play differentially in Ct metabolism during infection. In addition, Ct was found regularly coinfected with other pathogens in patients who got sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A lack of powerful methods to culture Ct outside of the host cell makes the detailed molecular mechanisms of coinfection difficult to study.

In this work, a genome-scale metabolic model with 321 metabolites and 277 reactions was first reconstructed by me to study Ct metabolic adaptation in the host cell during infection. This model was calculated to yield 84 extreme pathways, and metabolic flux strength was then modelled regarding 20hpi, 40hpi and later based on a published proteomics dataset. Activities of key enzymes involved in target pathways were further validated by RT-qPCR in both HeLa229 and HUVEC cell lines. This study suggests that Ct's major active pathways involve glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycerolphospholipid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathway, while Ct's incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis are less active. EB is more activated in almost all these carbohydrate pathways than RB. Result suggests the survival of Ct generally requires a lot of acetyl-CoA from the host. Besides, both EB and RB can utilize folate biosynthesis to generate NAD(P)H but may use different pathways depending on the demands of ATP. When more ATP is available from both host cell and Ct itself, RB is more activated by utilizing energy providing chemicals generated by enzymes associated in the nucleic acid metabolism. The forming of folate also suggests large glutamate consumption, which is supposed to be converted from glutamine by the glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (glmS) and CTP synthase (pyrG).

Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis was performed by me in a coinfection study. Metatranscriptome from patient RNA-seq data provides a realistic overview. Thirteen patient samples were collected and sequenced by our collaborators. Six male samples were obtained by urethral swab, and seven female samples were collected by cervicovaginal lavage. All the samples were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) positive, and half of them had coinfection with Ct. HISAT2 and Stringtie were used for transcriptomic mapping and assembly respectively, and differential expression analysis by DESeq2, Ballgown and Cuffdiff2 are parallelly processed for comparison. Although the measured transcripts were not sufficient to assemble Ct's transcriptome, the differential expression of genes in both the host and GC were analyzed by comparing Ct positive group (Ct+) against Ct-uninfected group. The results show that in the Ct+ group, the host MHC class II immune response was highly induced. Ct infection is associated with the regulation of DNA methylation, DNA double-strand damage and ubiquitination. The analysis also shows Ct infection enhances host fatty acid beta oxidation, thereby inducing mROS, and the host responds to reduce ceramide production and glycolysis. The coinfection upregulates GC's own ion transporters and amino acid uptake, while it downregulates GC's restriction and modification systems. Meanwhile, GC has the nitrosative and oxidative stress response and also increases the ability for ferric uptake especially in the Ct+ group compared to Ct-uninfected group.

In conclusion, methods in bioinformatics were used here in analyzing the metabolism of Ct itself, and the responses of the host and GC respectively in a coinfection study with and without Ct. These methods provide metabolic and metatranscriptomic details to study Ct metabolism during infection and Ct associated coinfection in the human microbiota.
N2  - Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) ist ein obligater intrazellulärer Pathogen des Menschen. Er verursacht Trachoma und sexuell übertragbare Krankheiten, wie Chlamydiose, Unterleibsentzündung und Lymphogranuloma venereum. Ct besitzt einen biphasischen Entwicklungszyklus und vermehrt sich in intrazellulären Vakuolen, sogenannten Einschlusskörperchen. Normalerweise können zwei Formen beobachtete werden: Die infektiöse Form, Elementarkörperchen (EK); und die nicht-infektiöse Form, Retikularkörperchen (RK). Ct ist nicht einfach genetisch zu manipulieren. Um den Infektionsablauf besser zu verstehen, ist es wichtig, zu untersuchen, wie sich genau die metabolische Aktivität von Ct in der Wirtszelle entwickelt und welche Rolle EK und RK im Metabolismus von Ct während der Infektion spielen. Zusätzlich wurde Ct häufig bei Patienten mit sexuell übertragbaren Krankheiten (STD) in Co-Infektion mit anderen Erregern gefunden. Ein Mangel an leistungsfähigen Methoden zur Kultivierung von Ct außerhalb der Wirtszelle macht es schwierig die genauen molekularen Mechanismen von Co-Infektionen zu untersuchen.

In dieser Arbeit wurde erstmals ein genomweites metabolisches Model mit 321 Metaboliten und 277 Reaktionen aufgebaut, um die metabolische Adaption von Ct in der Wirtzelle während der Infektion zu untersuchen. Dieses Model wurde erstellt und umfasst 84 „extreme pathways“ (Grenz-Stoffwechselwege). Darauf aufbauend wurde die metabolische Fluss-Stärke berechnet. Die Zeitpunkte 20 hpi (20 Stunden nach der Infektion), 40 hpi und die anschließende Infektionsphase wurden durch Nutzung von Proteom-Daten modelliert. Die Aktivitäten von Schlüsselenzymen, welche in wichtigen Stoffwechselwegen involviert sind, wurden zusätzlich durch RT-qPCR überprüft. Dabei wurden die Ergebnisse sowohl für HeLA229- als auch HUVEC-Zellen nachgemessen. Diese Untersuchungen zeigten, dass Ct’s wichtigste aktive Stoffwechselwege die Glykolyse, die Gluconeogenese und der Pentosephosphatweg sind, während der unvollständige Zitronensäurezyklus und die Fettsäuresynthese weniger aktiv sind. Gegenüber RK sind bei EK fast alle diese Kohlenhydratwege stärker aktiviert. Im Allgemeinen benötigt Ct eine größere Menge an Acetyl-CoA. Außerdem können sowohl EK, als auch RK die Folsäurebiosynthese nutzen, um NAD(P)H zu generieren. Dabei werden möglicherweise unterschiedliche Pathways genutzt, abhängig vom Bedarf an ATP. Sobald mehr ATP sowohl durch die Wirtszellen als auch von der Ct-Zelle selbst zur Verfügung steht, wird die Nutzung von Energieträgern, produziert durch Enzyme des Nukleinsäurestoffwechsels, in RK stärker aktiviert. Die Bildung von Folsäure lässt den Schluss zu, dass große Mengen von Glutamat umgesetzt werden, welches vermutlich aus der Umwandlung von Glutamin durch die Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate-transaminase (glmS) und CTP-Syntase (pyrG) stammt.

Anschließend wurde eine Analyse von RNA-Sequenzierungsdaten (RNA-seq) aus einer Co-Infektions-Studie (Chlamydien und andere Keime, insbesondere Gonokokken (GC)) durchgeführt. Dafür wurden Proben von dreizehn Patienten gesammelt und von Kollaborationspartnern sequenziert. Sechs Proben männlicher Patienten wurden durch Abstrich der Harnröhre und sieben Proben weiblicher Patientinnen durch cervicovaginale Lavage gewonnen. Alle Proben waren Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) positiv, wobei die Hälfte eine Co-Infektion mit Ct aufwies. Die Programme HISAT2 and Stringtie wurden zum Abbilden der transgenomischen Reads beziehungsweise zur Assemblierung des Genoms verwendet, und eine Analyse der differentiellen Expression wurde jeweils mit DESeq2, Ballgown und Cuffdiff2 durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Obwohl nicht ausreichend viele Transkripte von Ct gewonnen werden konnten, um das Transkriptom komplett assemblieren zu können, wurde die differentielle Expression der Gene sowohl von Wirt als auch von GC durch den Vergleich zwischen der Gruppe der Ct-positiven (Ct+) der Gruppe der Ct-unifizierten Patienten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass in der (Ct+)-Gruppe die auf der MHC-Klasse-II basierte Immunantwort stark induziert war. Die Infektion von Ct ist mit der Regulation der DNA-Methylierung, DNA-Doppel-Strang-Schädigung und Ubiquitinierung verbunden. Die Analyse zeigte zusätzlich, dass die Infektion mit Ct die Fettsäure β-Oxidation des Wirts steigert, dadurch mROS induziert, und sowohl die Ceramid-Produktion als auch die Glycolyse reduziert. Die Co-Infektion reguliert GC’s eigene Eisentransporter und Aminosäureaufnahme hoch, während Restriktions- und Modifikationssysteme herunterreguliert werden. Gleichzeitig zeigt GC sowohl eine stickstoffsensitve Stress Antwort als auch eine oxidative. Dies verstärkt zusätzlich die Fähigkeit für die Aufnahme von Eisen, insbesondere in der (Ct+)-Gruppe.

Zusammenfassend wurden Methoden der Bioinformatik genutzt, um den Metabolismus von Ct selbst, und die Antwort des Wirtes respektive GC‘s in einer Co-Infektionsstudie mit und ohne Ct zu analysieren. Diese Methoden lieferten wichtige metabolische und metatranskriptomische Details, um den Metabolismus von Ct während der Infektion, aber auch das Mikrobiom während einer Ct assoziierter Co-Infektion zu untersuchen.
KW  - chlamydia trachomatis
KW  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
KW  - metabolic modelling
KW  - metatranscriptome
KW  - STD patients
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-184993
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thiess, Torsten
A1  - Ernst, Moritz
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Facile Access to Substituted 1,4‐Diaza‐2,3‐Diborinines
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Several bis(dimethylamino)‐substituted 1,4‐diaza‐2,3‐diborinines (DADBs) were synthesized with variable substituents at the backbone nitrogen atoms. By reaction with HCl or BX\(_{3}\) (X=Br, I), these species were successfully converted into their synthetically more useful halide congeners. The high versatility of the generated B−X bonds in further functionalization reactions at the boron centers was demonstrated by means of salt elimination (MeLi) and commutation (NMe\(_{2}\) DADBs) reactions, thus making the DADB system a general structural motif in diborane(4) chemistry. A total of 18 DADB derivatives were characterized in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction, revealing a strong dependence of the heterocyclic bonding parameters from the exocyclic substitution pattern at boron. According to our experiments towards the realization of a Dipp‐substituted, sterically encumbered DADB, the mechanism of DADB formation proceeds via a transient four‐membered azadiboretidine intermediate that subsequently undergoes ring expansion to afford the six‐membered DADB heterocycle.
KW  - azadiboretidines
KW  - B,N-heterocycles
KW  - diazadiborinines
KW  - diboranes
KW  - ring expansion
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214650
VL  - 26
IS  - 13
SP  - 2967
EP  - 2972
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kiermasch, David
T1  - Charge Carrier Recombination Dynamics in Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
T1  - Ladungsträger-Rekombinationsdynamik in hybriden metall-halogenid Perowskit-Solarzellen
N2  - In order to facilitate the human energy needs with renewable energy sources in the future, new concepts and ideas for the electricity generation are needed. Solar cells based on metal halide perovskite semiconductors represent a promising approach to address these demands in both single-junction and tandem configurations with existing silicon technology. Despite intensive research, however, many physical properties and the working principle of perovskite PVs are still not fully understood. In particular, charge carrier recombination losses have so far mostly been studied on pure films not embedded in a complete solar cell. This thesis aimed for the identification and quantification of charge carrier recombination dynamics in fully working devices under conditions corresponding to those under real operation. To study different PV systems, transient electrical methods, more precisely Open-Circuit Voltage Decay (OCVD), Transient Photovoltage (TPV) and Charge Extraction (CE), were applied. Whereas OCVD and TPV provide information about the recombination lifetime, CE allows to access the charge carrier density at a specific illumination intensity. The benefit of combining these different methods is that the obtained quantities can not only be related to the Voc but also to each other, thus enabling to determine also the dominant recombination mechanisms.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of recombination losses in fully working perovskite solar cells and the experimental techniques which are applied to determine these losses.
N2  - Um künftig den menschlichen Energiebedarf in Zukunft mit erneuerbaren Energiequellen zu decken sind neue Konzepte und Ideen für die Stromerzeugung erforderlich. Solarzellen auf der Basis von hybriden Perowskit-Halbleitern stellen einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar, um dieser Anforderung – beispielsweise in Tandem-Konfigurationen zusammen mit Silizium– gerecht zu werden. Trotz intensiver Forschung sind viele physikalische Eigenschaften und das Funktionsprinzip dieser neuartigen Solarzellen immer noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Insbesondere wurden die Rekombinationsverluste bisher meist nur an reinen Schichten untersucht, welche nicht in einen kompletten Solarzellenaufbau integriert waren. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielte auf die Identifizierung und Quantifizierung der Ladungsträger-Rekombinationsdynamik in voll funktionsfähigen Solarzellen unter Bedingungen, die denen im realen Betrieb entsprechen, ab. Um verschiedene PV-Systeme zu untersuchen wurden transiente
elektrische Methoden, genauer gesagt OCVD, TPV und CE, angewandt. Während OCVD und TPV Informationen über die Rekombinationslebensdauer liefern, erlaubt CE die Berechnung der Ladungsträgerdichte. Die Kombination dieser Methoden hat den Vorteil, dass die erhaltenen Größen miteinander in Verbindung gesetzt werden können und somit umfangreiche Rückschlüsse auf die zugrundeliegende Rekombinationmechanismen ermöglichen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu einem besseren Verständnis der Rekombinationsverluste in voll funktionsfähigen Perowskit-Solarzellen und der experimentellen Techniken, die zur Bestimmung dieser Verluste angewandt werden, beizutragen.
KW  - Solarzelle
KW  - Perovskite
KW  - Solar Cell
KW  - Recombination Dynamics
KW  - Transient Electrical Methods
KW  - Charge Carrier Lifetime
KW  - Capacitive Effects
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208629
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sarma, Bhavishya
A1  - Willmes, Christoph
A1  - Angerer, Laura
A1  - Adam, Christian
A1  - Becker, Jürgen C.
A1  - Kervarrec, Thibault
A1  - Schrama, David
A1  - Houben, Roland
T1  - Artesunate affects T antigen expression and survival of virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma
JF  - Cancers
N2  - Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer with frequent viral etiology. Indeed, in about 80% of cases, there is an association with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV); the expression of viral T antigens is crucial for growth of virus-positive tumor cells. Since artesunate — a drug used to treat malaria — has been reported to possess additional anti-tumor as well as anti-viral activity, we sought to evaluate pre-clinically the effect of artesunate on MCC. We found that artesunate repressed growth and survival of MCPyV-positive MCC cells in vitro. This effect was accompanied by reduced large T antigen (LT) expression. Notably, however, it was even more efficient than shRNA-mediated downregulation of LT expression. Interestingly, in one MCC cell line (WaGa), T antigen knockdown rendered cells less sensitive to artesunate, while for two other MCC cell lines, we could not substantiate such a relation. Mechanistically, artesunate predominantly induces ferroptosis in MCPyV-positive MCC cells since known ferroptosis-inhibitors like DFO, BAF-A1, Fer-1 and β-mercaptoethanol reduced artesunate-induced death. Finally, application of artesunate in xenotransplanted mice demonstrated that growth of established MCC tumors can be significantly suppressed in vivo. In conclusion, our results revealed a highly anti-proliferative effect of the approved and generally well-tolerated anti-malaria compound artesunate on MCPyV-positive MCC cells, suggesting its potential usage for MCC therapy.
KW  - artesunate
KW  - Merkel cell carcinoma
KW  - MCC
KW  - polyomavirus
KW  - ferroptosis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203851
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheuermann, Manuela
T1  - „Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“ unter den Bedingungen der COVID-19 Pandemie
T1  - “Women, Peace and Security” under the conditions of COVID-19 pandemics
JF  - Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
N2  - Die COVID-19 Pandemie und ihre gesamtgesellschaftlichen Folgen werden zum Stresstest für die globale Agenda „Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“. Mit dieser Agenda verfolgt die Weltgemeinschaft seit dem Jahr 2000 das Ziel, Frauen in Situationen von gewaltsamen Konflikten und in der Phase des Wiederaufbaus vor Gewalt und Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu schützen, ihnen eine belangvolle Partizipation im Friedensprozess zu ermöglichen und so zu einem gendersensiblen Friedensbildungsprozess beizutragen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Folgen der Corona-Krise einen Rückfall im Implementierungsprozess der Agenda auslösen könnten, insbesondere in Bezug auf Geschlechterstereotype. Es wird diskutiert ob bestimmte als traditionell-weiblich perzipierte Rollen verfestigt werden und welche Auswirkungen diese Beobachtung auf die Zukunft der globalen Agenda haben könnte. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hierbei das Konzept der globalen Fürsorge.
N2  - The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for society as a whole are becoming a stress test for the global agenda “Women, Peace and Security“. With this agenda, the international community has been pursuing since 2000 the goal of protecting women in situations of violent conflict and in the reconstruction phase from violence and human rights violations, enabling them to participate in the peace process in a meaningful way and thus contributing to a gender-sensitive peacebuilding process. The paper argues that the consequences of the Corona crisis could trigger a relapse in the implementation process of the Agenda, especially with regard to gender stereotypes. It is discussed whether certain roles perceived as traditional feminine are being consolidated and what effects this observation could have on the future of the global agenda. The concept of global care is of particular importance.
KW  - COVID-19 Pandemie
KW  - Geschlechterstereotype
KW  - Rollenbilder von Frauen
KW  - Feministische Friedensforschung
KW  - Partizipation von Frauen
KW  - Globale Fürsorge
KW  - gender stereotypes
KW  - female roles
KW  - feminist peace research
KW  - female participation
KW  - global care
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235579
SN  - 2192-1741
VL  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Dambacher, Johannes
T1  - Die Verhandlungen zum Preußenkonkordat von 1929. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der römischen Akten
T1  - Negotiations leading to the concordat of Prussia in 1929. With particular focus on Roman documentation
N2  - Der Abschluss des Konkordats von 1929 zwischen dem Freistaat Preußen und dem Heiligen Stuhl ist ein Meisterstück der Diplomatiegeschichte. Die Verhandlungen erstreckten sich annähernd über den gesamten Zeitraum der Weimarer Republik. Am Ende stand der erste Vertrag, den die römische Kurie mit einem mehrheitlich protestantischen Staat schließen sollte. Federführend auf Seiten der Kirche war Eugenio Pacelli, der spätere Papst Pius XII. Der Abschluss des preußischen Konkordats bildete den finalen Coup seiner Ära als Nuntius in Deutschland. 
Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt eine beträchtliche Lücke in der Konkordatsforschung. Erstmals werden die einschlägigen Akten aus dem Vatikanischen Apostolischen Archiv ausgewertet. In Verbindung mit zum Teil unerschlossenem Material aus deutschen Beständen ergibt sich ein umfassendes Gesamtbild der Verhandlungen von 1919 bis 1929, die zum preußischen Konkordat führten. 
Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung, die die kirchlich-römische Diplomatie, ist von der Persönlichkeit Eugenio Pacellis nicht zu trennen. Kein anderes Projekt sollte ihn während seiner Zeit als Nuntius ähnlich in Beschlag nehmen. Die Untersuchung seiner Vorgehensweise lässt deshalb nicht nur Rückschlüsse auf seine Kompetenzen als Chefdiplomat des Heiligen Stuhls zu, sie stellt auch eine einzigartige Charakterstudie über eine der umstrittensten Persönlichkeiten der Kirche des 20. Jahrhunderts dar.
N2  - The concordat of 1929 between the Free State of Prussia and the Holy See was a remarkable achievement in the history of diplomacy. The negotiations which led to the agreement stretched over almost the entire duration of the Weimar Republic. The result was the first treaty ever signed between the Roman Curia and a predominantly protestant state. The man in charge on the side of the Church was Eugenio Pacelli, later to become Pope Pius XII. The completion of the Prussian concordat was the final coup in his era as papal nuncio in Germany. 
The following dissertation fills a substantial gap in the research into the concordat. For the first time the relevant documents from the apostolic archives in the Vatican were analysed , and these, in conjunction with material from German collections, some of which was previously inaccessible, result in a comprehensive picture of the negotiations which led to the Prussian concordat.  
The main focus of this study, diplomacy in the Roman Catholic Church, is inextricably linked with the figure of Eugenio Pacelli. During his time as papal nuncio this project required much more time than any other. The examination of his modus operandi not only makes it possible to draw conclusions about his skills  as the leading diplomat of the Holy See, but also provides a unique character study of one of the most controversial figures in the Church in the 20th century.
KW  - Konkordat
KW  - Preussenkonkordat
KW  - Pacelli
KW  - Preußen
KW  - Pius XII.
KW  - Konkordatsverhandlungen
KW  - preußisches Konkordat
KW  - Pacelli
KW  - Pius XII.
KW  - concordat of Prussia
KW  - concordat
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202881
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kraft, Stephan
T1  - "Gipp ammall BILD." Zur Initialzündung der Doppelhandlung in Arno Schmidts "Kaff auch Mare Crisium"
JF  - Bargfelder Bote
N2  - Kein Abstract verfügbar.
KW  - Schmidt, Arno
KW  - Kaff auch Mare Crisium
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282509
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gottschlich, Günter
A1  - Dunkel, Franz G.
A1  - Drenckhahn, Detlev
A1  - Weber, Heinrich E.
A1  - Gallo, Lorenzo
ED  - Meierott, Lenz
ED  - Drenckhahn, Detlev
ED  - Dunkel, Franz G.
ED  - Ewald, Jörg
ED  - Fleischmann, Andreas
T1  - Forum Geobotanicum Vol. 9 (2020)
N2  - Forum Geobotanicum is an electronic journal devoted to disseminate information concerning geographical distribution, ecology, morphology, taxonomy and conservation of vascular plants in the European Union with a main focus on middle Europe. It covers from molecular biology to environmental aspects. The focus is to publish original papers, reviews and announcements for the educated generalist as well as the specialist in this broad field. Forum Geobotanicum does not aim to supplant existing paper journals, but will be much more flexible in format, publication time and world-wide distribution than paper journals. Many important studies are being currently published in local journals and booklets and some of them are published privately. Hence, these studies will become aware to only a limited readership. Forum Geobotanicum will encourage authors of such papers to submit them as special issues of the journal. Moreover, the journal is planning to build up an E-mail-address section to support communication between geobotanists in Europe. The editors are optimistic that this electronic journal will develop to a widely used communication forum that will help to stimulate activities in the entire field of geobotany in middle Europe. To overcome problems of long term archivation and effective taxonomic publication of articles published electronically in Forum Geobotanicum, print versions of each volume of the journal and appropriate digital storage devices will be delivered freely to selected university libraries and state libraries in middle Europe.
N2  - Forum Geobotanicum ist eine elektronische Plattform, deren Zielsetzung darin besteht, neue Erkenntnisse der geobotanischen Forschung in der Europäischen Union mit Schwerpunkt Mitteleuropa umfassend zu verbreiten. Das Journal befasst sich mit allen Fragen von Verbreitung, Ökologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie von Gefäßpflanzen und soll das gesamte Spektrum der Geobotanik von molekularbiologischen Aspekten bis zu Umwelt- und Naturschutzfragen abdecken. Der Hauptfokus liegt auf der Publikation von Originaluntersuchungen und Übersichtsartikeln sowie Behandlung aktueller Fragen des Naturschutzes. Die Zielgruppen sind Personen mit Allgemeinkenntnissen in der Botanik und Floristik sowie Spezialisten auf den Gebieten der Geobotanik und Pflanzensystematik.
Das Journal soll keine Zeitschrift in Druckform ersetzen, sondern eine Ergänzung zu den traditionellen Publikationsorganen bilden. Der Vorteil der Zeitschrift liegt in ihrer Flexibilität und raschen Publikationszeit nach Begutachtung der eingereichten Manuskripte und den Möglichkeiten, in größerem Umfang Fotografien und andere Abbildungen zu veröffentlichen. Der Vorteil einer elektronischen Zeitschrift besteht weiterhin darin, dass die Veröffentlichungen weltweit jedermann sofort zugänglich sind. Viele durchaus wichtige Untersuchungen aus dem Bereich der Geobotanik erscheinen in lokalen Publikationsorganen, wie Jahrbüchern und Heimatkalendern, oder auch im Eigenverlag. Da solche Veröffentlichungen bibliographisch kaum erfasst werden, können sie auch nicht in adäquater Weise wahrgenommen werden. Forum Geobotanicum soll ermöglichen, dass auch solche Publikationen in einer Literaturrubrik bekannt gemacht werden und ggf. nach Klärung von Copyright-Fragen als Supplemente der Zeitschrift ins Netz gestellt werden. Forum Geobotanicum nutzt die Vorteile des Internets, indem es abrufbare Hilfen, wie ein Verzeichnis von Adressen, Pflanzenlisten etc. zur Verfügung stellt. Insgesamt soll die Kommunikation zwischen Geobotanikern in Mitteleuropa erleichtert und eine Kommunikationsplattform etabliert werden, die die Aktivitäten auf dem gesamten Wissenschaftsgebiet stimuliert.
Das Journal ist uneigennützig und für Autoren und Benutzer kostenfrei. Für die Kostendeckung sind Sponsoren erwünscht, denen eine begrenzte Möglichkeit zur Darstellung eingeräumt werden kann. In der Anfangsphase wird das Journal von einem kleinen Herausgebergremiumbetrieben. Sollte sich Forum Geobotanicum erfolgreich weiter entwickeln, ist an eine Erweiterung des Herausgebergremiums auf Experten aus allen Nationen des mitteleuropäischen Raums gedacht. Um eine langfristige Verfügbarkeit der Publikationen zu gewährleisten, wird jeder Jahrgang von Forum Geobotanicum ausgedruckt, gebunden und mit digitalem Datenträger versehen an ausgewählte Universitätsbibliotheken, Landes- und Staatsbibliotheken Deutschlands und wichtiger Städte Mitteleuropas zur Archivierung und Ausleihe versandt.
KW  - Geobotanik
KW  - Pflanzengeographie
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-298919
SN  - 1867-9315
VL  - 9(2020)
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Akhrif, Atae
T1  - The BOLD Signal is more than a Brain Activation Index
T1  - Das BOLD Signal ist mehr als ein Maß für Hirnaktivierung
N2  - In the recent years, translational studies comparing imaging data of animals and humans have gained increasing scientific interests with crucial findings stemming from both, human and animal work. In order to harmonize statistical analyses of data from different species and to optimize the transfer of knowledge between them, shared data acquisition protocols and combined statistical approaches have to be identified. Following this idea, methods of data analysis, which have until now mainly been used to model neural responses of electrophysiological recordings from rodent data, were applied on human hemodynamic responses (i.e. Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent BOLD signal) as measured via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
At the example of two attention and impulsivity networks, timing dynamics and amplitude of the fMRI signal were determined (study 1). Study 2 described the same parameters frequency-specifically, and in study 3, the complexity of neural processing was quantified in terms of fractality. Determined parameters were compared with regard to the subjects’ task performance / impulsivity to validate findings with regard to reports of the current scientific debate. 
In a general discussion, overlapping as well as additional information of methodological approaches were discussed with regard to its potential for biomarkers in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders.
N2  - In den letzten Jahren haben translationale Studien, in denen Befunde von Tieren und Menschen direkt verglichen werden, zunehmend an wissenschaftlichem Interesse gewonnen. Um statistische Analysen von Daten verschiedener Spezies zu harmonisieren und somit den Wissenstransfer zu optimieren, müssen gemeinsame Datenerfassungsprotokolle sowie kombinierte statistische Ansätze identifiziert werden. Diesem Gedanken folgend werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden der Datenanalyse, die bisher hauptsächlich zur Modellierung neuronaler Antworten aus elektrophysiologischer Aufzeichnungen bei Nagetierdaten verwendet wurden, auf hämodynamische Antworten (d.h. Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent BOLD-Signal), welche mittels funktionaler Magnetresonanztomo-graphie (fMRT) gemessen werden, im Menschen angewendet. 
Am Beispiel zweier Aufmerksamkeits- und Impulsivitätsnetzwerke wurden der zeitliche Verlauf und Amplitude des fMRI-Signals bestimmt (Studie 1). In Studie 2 wurden die gleichen Parameter frequenzspezifisch ausgewertet, und in Studie 3 wurde die Komplexität neuronaler Verarbeitung anhand von Fraktalität quantifiziert. Die ermittelten Parameter wurden hinsichtlich der Task Performance / Impulsivität der Probanden verglichen, um die Ergebnisse im Kontext von Befunden aus der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Debatte zu validieren. 
In einer allgemeinen Diskussion wurden sowohl überlappende als auch zusätzliche Informationen zu methodischen Ansätzen hinsichtlich ihres Potenzials für Biomarker im Zusammenhang mit neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen diskutiert.
KW  - funktionelle Kernspintomographie
KW  - BOLD signal
KW  - fMRI time series
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207299
N1  - Aus datenschutzrechtlichen Gründen wurde der Zugriff auf den Volltext zu diesem Dokument gesperrt. Eine inhaltlich identische neue Version ist erhältlich unter:
https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-32287
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Ludwigs, Markus
A1  - Zentgraf, Patricia
A1  - Axmann, Matea
T1  - Entscheidungssammlung Staatsrecht - Grundrechte
T3  - Entscheidungssammlung Staatsrecht
N2  - Ziel der „Entscheidungssammlung Staatsrecht“ ist es, den Studierenden der Universität Würzburg zentrale Urteile und Beschlüsse des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (BVerfG) aus den Bereichen des Staatsorganisationsrechts, der Grundrechte sowie der Bezüge zum Völker- und Europarecht durch didaktisch aufbereitete Entscheidungsanalysen näher zu bringen. Dabei sollen neben den „Klassikern“ der Rechtsprechung auch aktuelle Judikate einbezogen werden. 

Die Fallsammlung richtet sich sowohl an Studierende der Anfangssemester als auch an Examenskandidatinnen und -kandidaten, denen die schnelle Erfassung der Leitentscheidungen des BVerfG zum Staatsrecht ermöglicht werden soll. Das Projekt ist auf eine sukzessive Erweiterung angelegt. Es startet in dieser ersten Edition mit 18 Fällen aus dem Bereich der Grundrechte. In der juristischen Ausbildung kommt den Grundrechten eine herausgehobene Bedeutung zu. Sie stehen nicht nur im Zentrum des „Grundkurs Öffentliches Recht II“, sondern strahlen in sämtliche Rechtsgebiete auch außerhalb des Öffentlichen Rechts aus. Bei der Entwicklung und Ausgestaltung der Grundrechtslehren nimmt die Rechtsprechung des BVerfG eine prägende Stellung ein.
KW  - Staatsrecht
KW  - Grundrechte
KW  - Bundesverfassungsgericht
KW  - Entscheidung
KW  - Entscheidungssammlung
KW  - Fallsammlung
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211904
N1  - Die 2., überarbeitete Auflage von 2022 ist unter https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-26931 verfügbar.
ET  - 1. Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
T1  - Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with same-sign leptons and jets using 139 fb\(^{-1}\) of data collected with the ATLAS detector
JF  - Journal of High Energy Physics
N2  - A search for supersymmetric partners of gluons and quarks is presented, involving signatures with jets and either two isolated leptons (electrons or muons) with the same electric charge, or at least three isolated leptons. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb(-1), is used for the search. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in simplified supersymmetric models featuring both R-parity conservation and R-parity violation, raising the exclusion limits beyond those of previous ATLAS searches to 1600 GeV for gluino masses and 750 GeV for bottom and top squark masses in these scenarios.
KW  - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)
KW  - Supersymmetry
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-277538
IS  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krauss, Jochen
A1  - Vikuk, Veronika
A1  - Young, Carolyn A.
A1  - Krischke, Markus
A1  - Mueller, Martin J.
A1  - Baerenfaller, Katja
T1  - Correction: Krauss, J., et al. Epichloë endophyte infection rates and alkaloid content in commercially available grass seed mixtures in Europe. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 498
JF  - Microorganisms
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - Epichloë
KW  - endophyte
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216254
SN  - 2076-2607
VL  - 8
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Paisdzior, Sarah
A1  - Dimitriou, Ioanna Maria
A1  - Schöpe, Paul Curtis
A1  - Annibale, Paolo
A1  - Scheerer, Patrick
A1  - Krude, Heiko
A1  - Lohse, Martin J.
A1  - Biebermann, Heike
A1  - Kühnen, Peter
T1  - Differential signaling profiles of MC4R mutations with three different ligands
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a key player in hypothalamic weight regulation and energy expenditure as part of the leptin–melanocortin pathway. Mutations in this G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) are the most common cause for monogenetic obesity, which appears to be mediated by changes in the anorectic action of MC4R via G\(_S\)-dependent cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling as well as other signaling pathways. To study potential bias in the effects of MC4R mutations between the different signaling pathways, we investigated three major MC4R mutations: a G\(_S\) loss-of-function (S127L) and a G\(_S\) gain-of-function mutant (H158R), as well as the most common European single nucleotide polymorphism (V103I). We tested signaling of all four major G protein families plus extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and β-arrestin2 recruitment, using the two endogenous agonists, α- and β-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), along with a synthetic peptide agonist (NDP-α-MSH). The S127L mutation led to a full loss-of-function in all investigated pathways, whereas V103I and H158R were clearly biased towards the G\(_{q/11}\) pathway when challenged with the endogenous ligands. These results show that MC4R mutations can cause vastly different changes in the various MC4R signaling pathways and highlight the importance of a comprehensive characterization of receptor mutations.
KW  - Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)
KW  - Melanocyte stimulating hormones MSH
KW  - G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
KW  - biased signaling
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285108
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baur, Florentin
A1  - Nietzer, Sarah L.
A1  - Kunz, Meik
A1  - Saal, Fabian
A1  - Jeromin, Julian
A1  - Matschos, Stephanie
A1  - Linnebacher, Michael
A1  - Walles, Heike
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
A1  - Dandekar, Gudrun
T1  - Connecting cancer pathways to tumor engines: a stratification tool for colorectal cancer combining human in vitro tissue models with boolean in silico models
JF  - Cancers
N2  - To improve and focus preclinical testing, we combine tumor models based on a decellularized tissue matrix with bioinformatics to stratify tumors according to stage-specific mutations that are linked to central cancer pathways. We generated tissue models with BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (HROC24 and HROC87) and compared treatment responses to two-dimensional (2D) cultures and xenografts. As the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is—in contrast to melanoma—not effective in CRC, we combined it with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. In general, our 3D models showed higher chemoresistance and in contrast to 2D a more active HGFR after gefitinib and combination-therapy. In xenograft models murine HGF could not activate the human HGFR, stressing the importance of the human microenvironment. In order to stratify patient groups for targeted treatment options in CRC, an in silico topology with different stages including mutations and changes in common signaling pathways was developed. We applied the established topology for in silico simulations to predict new therapeutic options for BRAF-mutated CRC patients in advanced stages. Our in silico tool connects genome information with a deeper understanding of tumor engines in clinically relevant signaling networks which goes beyond the consideration of single drivers to improve CRC patient stratification.
KW  - in silico simulation
KW  - 3D tissue models
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - BRAF mutation
KW  - targeted therapy
KW  - stratification
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193798
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Mareike A.
A1  - Pieczykolan, Aleks
A1  - Koch, Iring
A1  - Huestegge, Lynn
T1  - Two sources of task prioritization: The interplay of effector-based and task order-based capacity allocation in the PRP paradigm
JF  - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
N2  - When processing of two tasks overlaps, performance is known to suffer. In the well-established psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, tasks are triggered by two stimuli with a short temporal delay (stimulus onset asynchrony; SOA), thereby allowing control of the degree of task overlap. A decrease of the SOA reliably yields longer RTs of the task associated with the second stimulus (Task 2) while performance in the other task (Task 1) remains largely unaffected. This Task 2-specific SOA effect is usually interpreted in terms of central capacity limitations. Particularly, it has been assumed that response selection in Task 2 is delayed due to the allocation of less capacity until this process has been completed in Task 1. Recently, another important factor determining task prioritization has been proposed—namely, the particular effector systems associated with tasks. Here, we study both sources of task prioritization simultaneously by systematically combining three different effector systems (pairwise combinations of oculomotor, vocal, and manual responses) in the PRP paradigm. Specifically, we asked whether task order-based task prioritization (SOA effect) is modulated as a function of Task 2 effector system. The results indicate a modulation of SOA effects when the same (oculomotor) Task 1 is combined with a vocal versus a manual Task 2. This is incompatible with the assumption that SOA effects are solely determined by Task 1 response selection duration. Instead, they support the view that dual-task processing bottlenecks are resolved by establishing a capacity allocation scheme fed by multiple input factors, including attentional weights associated with particular effector systems.
KW  - cognitive and attentional control
KW  - dual-task performance
KW  - dual task procedures (PRP) Introduction In everyday
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235365
SN  - 1943-3921
VL  - 82
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beer, Katharina
A1  - Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte
T1  - Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
N2  - The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock neuroanatomy in D. melanogaster is one of the best-known clock networks in insects and basic circadian behavior has been characterized in detail in this insect. Another model in chronobiology is the honey bee Apis mellifera, of which diurnal foraging behavior has been described already in the early twentieth century. A. mellifera hallmarks the research on the interplay between the clock and sociality and complex behaviors like sun compass navigation and time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there are aspects of clock structure and function, like for example the role of the clock in photoperiodism and diapause, which can be only insufficiently investigated in these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or D. ezoana, cosmopolitan D. melanogaster flies do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, A. mellifera bees do not go into “real” diapause, but most solitary bee species exhibit an obligatory diapause. Furthermore, sociality evolved in different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might be misleading to study the social clock only in one social insect. Consequently, additional research on non-model insects is required to understand the circadian clock in Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this review, we introduce the two chronobiology model insects D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, compare them with other insects and show their advantages and limitations as general models for insect circadian clocks.
KW  - circadian clock
KW  - complex behavior
KW  - diapause
KW  - sociality
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - Apis mellifera
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218721
SN  - 1662-5153
VL  - 14
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bae, Soyeon
A1  - Heidrich, Lea
A1  - Levick, Shaun R.
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Seibold, Sebastian
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Magdon, Paul
A1  - Serebryanyk, Alla
A1  - Bässler, Claus
A1  - Schäfer, Deborah
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Doerfler, Inken
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Jung, Kirsten
A1  - Heurich, Marco
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Roth, Nicolas
A1  - Schall, Peter
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Wöllauer, Stephan
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Müller, Jörg
T1  - Dispersal ability, trophic position and body size mediate species turnover processes: Insights from a multi-taxa and multi-scale approach
JF  - Diversity and Distribution
N2  - Aim: Despite increasing interest in β-diversity, that is the spatial and temporal turnover of species, the mechanisms underlying species turnover at different spatial scales are not fully understood, although they likely differ among different functional groups. We investigated the relative importance of dispersal limitations and the environmental filtering caused by vegetation for local, multi-taxa forest communities differing in their dispersal ability, trophic position and body size.
Location: Temperate forests in five regions across Germany.
Methods: In the inter-region analysis, the independent and shared effects of the regional spatial structure (regional species pool), landscape spatial structure (dispersal limitation) and environmental factors on species turnover were quantified with a 1-ha grain across 11 functional groups in up to 495 plots by variation partitioning. In the intra-region analysis, the relative importance of three environmental factors related to vegetation (herb and tree layer composition and forest physiognomy) and spatial structure for species turnover was determined.
Results: In the inter-region analysis, over half of the explained variation in community composition (23% of the total explained 35%) was explained by the shared effects of several factors, indicative of spatially structured environmental filtering. Among the independent effects, environmental factors were the strongest on average over 11 groups, but the importance of landscape spatial structure increased for less dispersive functional groups. In the intra-region analysis, the independent effect of plant species composition had a stronger influence on species turnover than forest physiognomy, but the relative importance of the latter increased with increasing trophic position and body size.
Main conclusions: Our study revealed that the mechanisms structuring assemblage composition are associated with the traits of functional groups. Hence, conservation frameworks targeting biodiversity of multiple groups should cover both environmental and biogeographical gradients. Within regions, forest management can enhance β-diversity particularly by diversifying tree species composition and forest physiognomy.
KW  - body size
KW  - dispersal ability
KW  - environmental filtering
KW  - forest physiognomy
KW  - neutral processes
KW  - plant composition
KW  - regional species pool
KW  - species turnover
KW  - trophic position
KW  - β-diversity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236117
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jessen, Christina
A1  - Kreß, Julia K. C.
A1  - Baluapuri, Apoorva
A1  - Hufnagel, Anita
A1  - Schmitz, Werner
A1  - Kneitz, Susanne
A1  - Roth, Sabine
A1  - Marquardt, André
A1  - Appenzeller, Silke
A1  - Ade, Casten P.
A1  - Glutsch, Valerie
A1  - Wobser, Marion
A1  - Friedmann-Angeli, José Pedro
A1  - Mosteo, Laura
A1  - Goding, Colin R.
A1  - Schilling, Bastian
A1  - Geissinger, Eva
A1  - Wolf, Elmar
A1  - Meierjohann, Svenja
T1  - The transcription factor NRF2 enhances melanoma malignancy by blocking differentiation and inducing COX2 expression
JF  - Oncogene
N2  - The transcription factor NRF2 is the major mediator of oxidative stress responses and is closely connected to therapy resistance in tumors harboring activating mutations in the NRF2 pathway. In melanoma, such mutations are rare, and it is unclear to what extent melanomas rely on NRF2. Here we show that NRF2 suppresses the activity of the melanocyte lineage marker MITF in melanoma, thereby reducing the expression of pigmentation markers. Intriguingly, we furthermore identified NRF2 as key regulator of immune-modulating genes, linking oxidative stress with the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in an ATF4-dependent manner. COX2 is critical for the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and was strongly induced by H\(_2\)O\(_2\) or TNFα only in presence of NRF2. Induction of MITF and depletion of COX2 and PGE2 were also observed in NRF2-deleted melanoma cells in vivo. Furthermore, genes corresponding to the innate immune response such as RSAD2 and IFIH1 were strongly elevated in absence of NRF2 and coincided with immune evasion parameters in human melanoma datasets. Even in vitro, NRF2 activation or prostaglandin E2 supplementation blunted the induction of the innate immune response in melanoma cells. Transcriptome analyses from lung adenocarcinomas indicate that the observed link between NRF2 and the innate immune response is not restricted to melanoma.
KW  - NRF2
KW  - melanoma malignancy
KW  - COX2 expression
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235064
SN  - 0950-9232
VL  - 39
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Briegel, Wolfgang
A1  - Hoyer, Juliane
T1  - Psychiatric disorders and distal 21q deletion — a case report
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - Partial deletion of chromosome 21q is a very rare genetic condition with highly variable phenotypic features including heart defects, high or cleft palate, brain malformations (e.g., cerebral atrophy), developmental delay and intellectual disability. So far, there is very limited knowledge about psychiatric disorders and their effective treatment in this special population. To fill this gap, the authors present the case of an initially five-year-old girl with distal deletion (del21q22.2) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (main psychiatric diagnosis) covering a period of time of almost four years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent treatment with Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and follow-up assessments. Post-intervention results including a 19-month follow-up indicated good overall efficacy of PCIT and high parental satisfaction with the treatment. This case report makes a substantial contribution to enhancing knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity and its effective treatment in patients with terminal 21q deletion. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinarity in diagnosis and treatment due to the variety of anomalies associated with 21q deletion. Regular screenings for psychiatric disorders and (if indicated) thorough psychological and psychiatric assessment seem to be reasonable in most affected children, as children with developmental delays are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. As demonstrated with this case report, PCIT seems to be a good choice to effectively reduce disruptive behaviors in young children with partial deletion of chromosome 21q.
KW  - chromosome 21
KW  - distal deletion
KW  - 21q22.2-q22.3
KW  - oppositional defiant disorder
KW  - attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW  - Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
KW  - case report
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203769
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Subramaniyan, Boopathi
A1  - Sridharan, Sangita
A1  - Howard, Cory M.
A1  - Tilley, Augustus M.C.
A1  - Basuroy, Tupa
A1  - Serna, Ivana de la
A1  - Butt, Elke
A1  - Raman, Dayanidhi
T1  - Role of the CXCR4-LASP1 axis in the stabilization of Snail1 in triple-negative breast cancer
JF  - Cancers
N2  - The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis plays a vital role in many steps of breast cancer metastasis, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that activation of CXCR4 by CXCL12 promotes the nuclear localization of LASP1 (LIM and SH3 protein 1). The nuclear LASP1 then interacts with Snail1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In this study, we report that the nuclear accumulation and retention of Snail1 was dependent on an increase in nuclear LASP1 levels driven by active CXCR4. The CXCR4-LASP1 axis may directly regulate the stabilization of nuclear Snail1, by upregulating nuclear levels of pS473-Akt, pS9-GSK-3β, A20, and LSD1. Furthermore, the activation of CXCR4 induced association of LASP1 with Snail1, A20, GSK-3β, and LSD1 endogenously. Thus, nuclear LASP1 may also regulate protein-protein interactions that facilitate the stability of Snail1. Genetic ablation of LASP1 resulted in the mislocalization of nuclear Snail1, loss of the ability of TNBC cells to invade Matrigel and a dysregulated expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, including an increased expression of ALDH1A1, a marker for epithelial breast cancer stem-like cells. Our findings reveal a novel role for the CXCR4-LASP1 axis in facilitating the stability of nuclear localized Snail1.
KW  - CXCR4
KW  - LASP1
KW  - Akt
KW  - Snail1 stability
KW  - A20
KW  - GSK-3β
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211217
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Xiang
A1  - Dierks, Alexander
A1  - Kertels, Olivia
A1  - Kircher, Malte
A1  - Schirbel, Andreas
A1  - Samnick, Samuel
A1  - Buck, Andreas K.
A1  - Knorz, Sebastian
A1  - Böckle, David
A1  - Scheller, Lukas
A1  - Messerschmidt, Janin
A1  - Barakat, Mohammad
A1  - Kortüm, K. Martin
A1  - Rasche, Leo
A1  - Einsele, Hermann
A1  - Lapa, Constantin
T1  - 18F-FDG, 11C-Methionine, and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma: imaging pattern and clinical features
JF  - Cancers
N2  - This study aimed to explore the correlation between imaging patterns and clinical features in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) who simultaneously underwent 18F-FDG, 11C-Methionine, and 68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). We retrieved and analyzed clinical characteristics and PET imaging data of 10 patients with SMM. We found a significant correlation between bone marrow (BM) plasma cell (PC) infiltration and mean standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{mean}\)) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 on 11C-Methionine PET/CT scans (r = 0.676, p = 0.031) and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT scans (r = 0.839, p = 0.002). However, there was no significant correlation between BM involvement and SUV\(_{mean}\) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (r = 0.558, p = 0.093). Similarly, mean target-to-background ratios (TBR\(_{mean}\)) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 also correlated with bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) infiltration in 11C-Methionine PET/CT (r = 0.789, p = 0.007) and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT (r = 0.724, p = 0.018) PET/CT. In contrast, we did not observe a significant correlation between BMPC infiltration rate and TBR\(_{mean}\) in 18F-FDG PET/CT (r = 0.355, p = 0.313). Additionally, on 11C-Methionine PET/CT scans, we found a significant correlation between BMPC infiltration and TBR\(_{max}\) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 (r = 0.642, p = 0.045). In conclusion, 11C-Methionine and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT demonstrate higher sensitivity than 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting BM involvement in SMM.
KW  - 18F-FDG PET/CT
KW  - 11C-Methionine PET/CT
KW  - 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT
KW  - smoldering myeloma
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211240
SN  - 2072-6694
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Borchers, Kai
T1  - Decentralized and Pulse-based Clock Synchronization in SpaceWire Networks for Time-triggered Data Transfers
T1  - Dezentralisierte und Puls-basierte Uhrensynchronisation in SpaceWire Netzwerken für zeitgesteuerten Datentransfer
N2  - Time-triggered communication is widely used throughout several industry do-
mains, primarily for reliable and real-time capable data transfers. However,
existing time-triggered technologies are designed for terrestrial usage and not
directly applicable to space applications due to the harsh environment. In-
stead, specific hardware must be developed to deal with thermal, mechanical,
and especially radiation effects.
SpaceWire, as an event-triggered communication technology, has been used
for years in a large number of space missions. Its moderate complexity, her-
itage, and transmission rates up to 400 MBits/s are one of the main ad-
vantages and often without alternatives for on-board computing systems of
spacecraft. At present, real-time data transfers are either achieved by prior-
itization inside SpaceWire routers or by applying a simplified time-triggered
approach. These solutions either imply problems if they are used inside dis-
tributed on-board computing systems or in case of networks with more than
a single router are required.
This work provides a solution for the real-time problem by developing
a novel clock synchronization approach. This approach is focused on being
compatible with distributed system structures and allows time-triggered data
transfers. A significant difference to existing technologies is the remote clock
estimation by the use of pulses. They are transferred over the network and
remove the need for latency accumulation, which allows the incorporation of
standardized SpaceWire equipment. Additionally, local clocks are controlled
decentralized and provide different correction capabilities in order to handle
oscillator induced uncertainties. All these functionalities are provided by a developed Network Controller (NC), able to isolate the attached network and
to control accesses.
N2  - Zeitgesteuerte Datenübertragung ist in vielen Industriezweigen weit verbreitet, primär für zuverlässige und echtzeitfähige Kommunikation. Bestehende Technologien sind jedoch für den terrestrischen Gebrauch konzipiert und aufgrund der rauen Umgebung nicht direkt auf Weltraumanwendungen anwendbar. Stattdessen wird spezielle Hardware entwickelt, um Strahlungseffekten zu widerstehen sowie thermischen und mechanischen Belastungen standzuhalten.
SpaceWire wurde als ereignisgesteuerte Kommunikationstechnologie entwickelt und wird seit Jahren in einer Vielzahl von Weltraummissionen verwendet. Dessen erfolgreiche Verwendung, überschaubare Komplexität, und Übertragungsraten bis zu 400 MBit/s sind einige seiner Hauptvorteile. Derzeit werden Datenübertragungen in Echtzeit entweder durch Priorisierung innerhalb von SpaceWire Router erreicht, oder durch Anwendung von vereinfachten zeitgesteuerten Ansätzen. Diese Lösungen implizieren entweder Probleme in verteilten Systemarchitekturen oder in SpaceWire Netzwerken mit mehreren Routern.
Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine Uhrensynchronisation, die bestimmte Eigenschaften von SpaceWire ausnutzt, um das Echtzeitproblem zu lösen. Der Ansatz ist dabei kompatibel mit verteilten Systemstrukturen und ermöglicht eine zeitgesteuerte Datenübertragung.
KW  - Datenübertragung
KW  - Field programmable gate array
KW  - FPGA
KW  - Formal verification
KW  - SpaceWire
KW  - Communication
KW  - Raumfahrttechnik
KW  - Verifikation
KW  - Hardware
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215606
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - van Eckert, Viviane Roxann
T1  - Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in adult HIV–positive patients and comparison of specificity and sensitivity of five different methods to detect a current infection in Mwanza Province /Northern Tanzania
T1  - Prävelenz einer Strongyloides stercoralis Infektion bei Erwachsenen HIV positiven Patienten und Vergleich von Sensitivität und Spezifität fünf diagnostischer Verfahren in der Provinz Mwanza in Nord Tansania
N2  - S. stercoralis is a helminthic parasite which is common in tropical and subtropical regions. It causes a persistent but often inapparent infection in humans. In the state of a protracted immunosuppression this parasite can cause a life-threatening hyperinfection syndrome. Most often the hyperinfection syndrome was found after prolonged high dose corticosteroid treatment.  In HIV-infected individuals high dose corticosteroids are used for the treatment of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) or as adjunct treatment in the treatment of meningeal or pericardial tuberculosis. Case reports from Tanzania demonstrate that Strongyloidiasis is prevalent not only in coastal regions but also in the Lake province of Tanzania. However, data on the local prevalence of S. stercoralis infection based on sensitive techniques are scanty, especially in HIV-infected individuals.
The main objective of this study is to provide data on the prevalence of S. stercoralis infections in the adult HIV-infected population attending the Bugando Medical Centre for medical care. Specific objectives of the study are the comparison of the sensitivities and specificities of five different methods in detecting S. stercoralis. Four methods to detect S. stercoralis larvae used stool samples; one method to detect S. stercoralis antibodies required blood samples. The study used the Agar-plate-culture-technique and a modified Harada-Mori-culture-technique for the direct detection of helminthic larvae in the collected faecal samples. In addition, a recently described PCR-assay from faecal specimens and an ELISA for S. stercoralis antibodies have been applied. The Faecal Parasite Concentrator (FPC) stool concentration technique was used for the differential diagnosis of other intestinal helminthic parasites. The results of the study may influence the current treatment guidelines for HIV-infected patients in case that a relevant prevalence of S. stercoralis infection is found. Then, prior to a prolonged iatrogenic immunosuppression -like the high dose corticosteroid treatment for IRIS- a prophylactic anthelminthic treatment capable to eradicate a S. stercoralis infection could be recommendable. The prevalence of a current S. stercoralis infection using the PCR as a gold standard was 5.4%. The Agar plate method showed positive results in 19 out of 278 cases (6.1%), the modified Harada Mori technique in 13 of 278 (4.7%) cases. With PCR as gold standard the sensitivity of the agar plate method was 60%, the positive predictive value 47.4%, the specificity 96.2% and the negative predictive value 97.7 %. The sensitivity of the Harada Mori technique was 36.4%, the positive predictive value 30.7% with a specificity of 96.4% and negative predictive value 97.1%. The modified Harada Mori technique allowed in principal the morphological identification of nematode larvae. Microscopic analysis showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 46.7%. Antibodies were detected in 45 of 278 cases 16.2% by ELISA, with a sensitivity of 92.9% and a specificity of 87.8%. The findings of this study show that none of the diagnostic tests can be implemented as a routine diagnostic procedure to diagnose a current infection. This leads to the conclusion that it is high time to consider the provision of a prophylactic treatment within patients who are either HIV positive patients who could develop an IRIS after receiving ART, patients with a HTLV-1 infection and the growing number of patients under iatrogenic immunosuppression for various reasons.
N2  - S. stercoralis ist ein helmintischer Parasit der Endemisch in den Tropen und Subtropen, vor allem im warmen und feuchtem Milieu vorkommt. Eine Infektion mit S. stercoralis verläuft häufig asymptomatisch, kann aber über Jahre im menschlichen Körper persistieren. Bei immungeschwächten Patienten kann es zu einen Hyperinfektionssyndrom mit hoher Mortalität kommen Häufig kommt es zu einen Hyperinfektionssyndrom nach Einnahme von hoch Dosis Kortikosteroiden. Ca 20% der HIV positiven Patienten, die eine antiretrovirale Therapie beginnen entwickeln ein Immunrekonstitutionssyndrom. Die Therapie der Wahl ist dann u.a. hoch Dosis Kortikosteroide. Laut WHO sind 30-100 Millionen Menschen mit S. stercoralis infiziert. Diese Ungenauigkeit wiederspiegelt den erschwerten Nachweis einer Infektion. Bisher gibt es eine geringe Kenntnis über die Prävalenz von. S. stercoralis Infektionen in Tansania und kaum Daten vom bevölkerungsreichen Westen Tansanias. Die Region Mwanza am Lake Victoria zeigt sich als ein perfektes Milieu für das Vorkommen von S. stercoralis. Bisherige Ergebnisse der durchgeführten diagnostischen Tests weisen nur fragliche Sensitivitäten auf und es existieren keine Daten zur Prävalenz unter HIV positiven Patienten. Zudem wurden noch keine diagnostischen Methoden zur Prävalenzermittlung bei HIV positiven Patienten erprobt. Ziel der Studie ist die Verbesserung der Kenntnisse über Prävalenz von S.stercoralis Infektionen im bevölkerungsreichen Westen Tansanias. Die Analyse von Faktoren die Prävalenz von S. stercoralis beeinflussen, sowie Analyse der Prävalenz unter HIV Patienten mit fünf diagnostischen Testverfahren und Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit HIV Patienten in tropischen Milieu mit S. stercoralis Infektionswahrscheinlichkeit. Mit 278 Serum und Stuhlproben von HIV positiven Patienten wurden folgende Verfahren angewandt. Mit den Stuhlproben, die Modifizierte Harada Mori Methode und Agar Platten Methode am Bugando Medical Center, ein Realtime PCR und die FPC Methode und Mikroskopieren im Missionsärztlichen Institut, Würzburg. Mit den Serumproben erfolgte ein In House ELISA am Bernhard Nocht Institut, Hamburg. Die Prävalenz einer S.stercoralis Infektion in der PCR Methode war 5.4%. Die Agar Platten Methode zeigte positive Ergebnisse in 19 von 278 Fällen (6.1%). Die modifizierte Harada Mori Methode in 13 von 278 Fällen (4.7%). Unter der Annahme der PCR Methode als Goldstandard wies die Agar Platten Methode eine Sensitivität von 60% und Spezifität von 96.2% auf. Die Sensitivität der Harada Mori Methode war 36.4% und Spezifität von 96.4.%.Die FPC Methode zeigte eine Spezifität von 100%, jedoch nur Sensitivität von 46.7%.Das in House ELISA zeigte positive Ergebnisse bei 45 von 278 Patienten (16.2%) mit einer Sensitivität von 92.9%, jedoch nur Spezifität von 87.8%.Diese ungenauen Ergebnisse wiederspiegeln die Schwierigkeit eine S.stercoralis Infektion zu diagnostizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass kein Verfahren als Standardverfahren, um eine Infektion zu diagnostizieren, in Nordtansania, implementiert werden kann. Somit kann man zusammenfassend sagen, dass alle Patienten die eine ART beginnen prophylaktisch gegen S. stercoralis behandelt werden sollten. Zumindest die, die eine TBC Koinfektion haben und auf die das Risikoprofil zutrifft.
KW  - Strongyloides stercoralis
KW  - Zwergfadenwurm
KW  - Neglected Disease
KW  - Vergessene Krankheit
KW  - Strongyloides stercoralis und HIV Koinfektion
KW  - S. stercoralis and HIV Co Infection
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205306
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Isaacs, Darren
A1  - Mikasi, Sello Given
A1  - Obasa, Adetayo Emmanuel
A1  - Ikomey, George Mondinde
A1  - Shityakov, Sergey
A1  - Cloete, Ruben
A1  - Jacobs, Graeme Brendon
T1  - Structural comparison of diverse HIV-1 subtypes using molecular modelling and docking analyses of integrase inhibitors
JF  - Viruses
N2  - The process of viral integration into the host genome is an essential step of the HIV-1 life cycle. The viral integrase (IN) enzyme catalyzes integration. IN is an ideal therapeutic enzyme targeted by several drugs; raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG), dolutegravir (DTG), and bictegravir (BIC) having been approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Due to high HIV-1 diversity, it is not well understood how specific naturally occurring polymorphisms (NOPs) in IN may affect the structure/function and binding affinity of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). We applied computational methods of molecular modelling and docking to analyze the effect of NOPs on the full-length IN structure and INSTI binding. We identified 13 NOPs within the Cameroonian-derived CRF02_AG IN sequences and further identified 17 NOPs within HIV-1C South African sequences. The NOPs in the IN structures did not show any differences in INSTI binding affinity. However, linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the Ki and EC50 values for DTG and BIC as strong inhibitors of HIV-1 IN subtypes. All INSTIs are clinically effective against diverse HIV-1 strains from INSTI treatment-naïve populations. This study supports the use of second-generation INSTIs such as DTG and BIC as part of first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens, due to a stronger genetic barrier to the emergence of drug resistance.
KW  - integrase
KW  - naturally occurring polymorphisms
KW  - HIV-1
KW  - molecular modelling
KW  - molecular docking
KW  - diversity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211170
SN  - 1999-4915
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Voulgari Kokota, Anna
T1  - Microbiota interactions and dynamics in megachilid bee nests
T1  - Interaktionen und Dynamiken der Mikrobiota in Nestern der Megachilidae-Bienen
N2  - Insect microbiota plays an essential role on the hosts’ health and fitness, regulating their development, nutrition and immunity. The natural microbiota of bees, in particular, has been given much attention, largely because of the globally reported bee population declines. However, although the worker honey bee has been associated with distinctive and specialized microbiota, the microbiota of solitary bees has not been examined in detail, despite their enormous ecological importance. The main objectives of the present thesis were a) the bacterial community description for various solitary bee species, b) the association of the solitary bee microbiota with ecological factors such as landscape type, c) the relation of the bee foraging preferences with their nest bacterial microbiota, d) the examination of the nest building material contribution to the nest microbiota, e) the isolation of bacterial strains with beneficial or harmful properties for the solitary bee larvae and f) the pathological investigation of bacteria found in deceased solitary bee larvae.
The findings of the present study revealed a high bacterial biodiversity in the solitary bee nests. At the same time, the bacterial communities were different for each bee host species. Furthermore, it was shown that the pollen bacterial communities underwent compositional shifts reflecting a reduction in floral bacteria with progressing larval development, while a clear landscape effect was absent. The examination of the nest pollen provisions showed different foraging preferences for each included bee species. Both the pollen composition and the host species identity had a strong effect on the pollen bacteria, indicating that the pollen bacterial communities are the result of a combinatory process. The introduced environmental material also contributed to the nest natural microbiome. However, although the larval microbiota was significantly influenced by the pollen microbiota, it was not much associated with that of the nest material.
Two Paenibacillus strains isolated from O. bicornis nests showed strong antifungal activities, while several isolated strains were able to metabolize various oligosaccharides which are common in pollen and nectar. Screening for potential pathogenic bacteria in the nests of O. bicornis unveiled bacterial taxa, which dominated the bacterial community in deceased larvae, while at the same time they were undetectable in the healthy individuals.
vi
Finally, larvae which were raised in vitro developed distinct bacterial microbiomes according to their diet, while their life span was affected.
The present thesis described aspects of the microbiota dynamics in the nests of seven megachilid solitary bee nests, by suggesting which transmission pathways shape the established bacterial communities and how these are altered with larval development. Furthermore, specific bacterial taxa were associated with possible services they might provide to the larvae, while others were related with possible harmful effects. Future studies should integrate microbiota examination of different bee generations and parallel investigation of the microbiota of the nests and their surrounding environment (plant community, soil) to elucidate the bacterial transmission paths which establish the nest microbiota of solitary bees. Functional assays will also allow future studies to characterize specific nest bacteria as beneficial or harmful and describe how they assist the development of healthy bees and the fitness of bee populations.
N2  - Insektenmikrobiota spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für die Gesundheit und Fitness ihres Wirtes, indem sie dessen Entwicklung, Nahrung und Immunität reguliert. Dem natürlichen Mikrobiom der Honigbiene ist bereits viel Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet worden, was vor allem auf die Berichte des globalen Rückgangs der Bienenpopulationen zurückzuführen ist. Insbesondere sind die Arbeiterinnen der Honigbiene in Verbindung mit unverkennbaren und spezialisierten Bakterien gebracht worden, die hauptsächlich durch soziale Kontakte übertragen werden. Demgegenüber wurden die Mikrobiome der Solitärbienen, trotz ihrer enormen ökologischen Bedeutung, bisher noch nicht im Detail untersucht. Die Hauptziele der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit waren a) die Beschreibung der Bakteriengemeinschaften von unterschiedlichen Solitärbienenarten, b) die Assoziation von Mikrobiota der Solitärbienen mit ökologischen Faktoren wie dem Landschaftstyp, c) die Erforschung der Präferenzen der Nahrungssuche von Solitärbienen in Bezug auf die bakteriellen Gemeinschaften ihrer Nester, d) die Untersuchung des Beitrages des Nestbaumaterials zur gesamten Mikrobiota des Nestes, e) die Isolierung von Bakterienstämmen mit vorteilhaften oder schädlichen Eigenschaften auf die Entwicklung der Solitärbienenlarven und f) die Untersuchung von pathologischen Bakterien, die in verstorbenen Solitärbienenlarven gefunden wurden.
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie zeigten eine hohe bakterielle Biodiversität in den Nestern der Solitärbienen. Gleichzeitig waren die bakteriellen Gemeinschaften bei jeder Wirtsbienenart unterschiedlich. Es wurde weiterhin gezeigt, dass die Bakteriengemeinschaften der Pollen, Verschiebungen in der Zusammensetzung unterlagen. Diese Verschiebung spiegelt eine Abnahme von Blütenbakterien mit fortschreitender Larvenentwicklung wider. Dabei wurde kein Landschaftseffekt festgestellt. Die Untersuchung des Pollenvorräte der Nester ergab unterschiedliche Präferenzen der Futtersuche für jede einbezogene Bienenspezies. Sowohl die Zusammensetzung des Pollens als auch die Identität der Wirtsspezies wirkten sich stark auf die Pollenbakterien aus, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Pollenbakteriengemeinschaften das Ergebnis eines kombinatorischen Prozesses sind. Das eingetragene Umweltmaterial trug auch zum natürlichen Mikrobiom des Nestes bei. Die Mikrobiota der Larven wurden zudem signifikant durch die Pollenmikrobiota beeinflusst, jedoch nicht sehr stark durch das Nestmaterial.
Zwei Paenibacillus-Stämme, die aus Nestern von O. bicornis isoliert wurden, zeigten starke antimykotische Aktivitäten. Darüber hinaus konnten mehrere isolierte Stämme verschiedene Oligosaccharide metabolisieren, die in Pollen und Nektar üblich sind. Das Screening auf potenziell pathogene Bakterien in den Nestern von O. bicornis enthüllte bakterielle Taxa, welche die Bakteriengemeinschaft in verstorbenen Larven dominierten und nicht in den gesunden Individuen nachweisbar waren. Letztendlich entwickelten Larven, die in vitro gezüchtet wurden, ihrer Ernährung entsprechend, unterschiedliche bakterielle Mikrobiome. Außerdem wurde dadurch ihre Lebensdauer beeinträchtigt.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Aspekte der Mikrobiota-Dynamik in den Nestern von sieben Solitärbienen der Familie Megachilidae beschrieben, indem suggeriert wurde, welche Übertragungswege die etablierten Bakteriengemeinschaften prägen und wie diese mit der Entwicklung der Larven verändert werden. Darüber hinaus wurden bakterielle Taxa identifiziert, die für die Wirte mit einem möglichen funktionellen Nutzen verbunden sind, während andere mit möglichen schädlichen Wirkungen in Verbindung stehen. Zukünftige Studien sollten sowohl Mikrobiota-Untersuchungen verschiedener Bienengenerationen als auch die parallele Untersuchung der Mikrobiota der Nester und ihrer Umgebung (Pflanzengemeinschaft, Boden) einschließen, um die bakteriellen Übertragungswege umfassend aufzuklären, die die Nestmikrobiome von Soltärbienen begründen. Außerdem könnten funktionelle Assays in zukünftigen Untersuchungen dazu dienen, spezifische Nestbakterien als nützlich oder schädlich zu charakterisieren, und beschreiben, wie sie die Entwicklung gesunder Bienen und die Fitness der Bienenpopulationen unterstützen.
KW  - Bienen <Familie>
KW  - solitary bee nests
KW  - bee-associated bacteria
KW  - microbial transmission
KW  - megachilid bees
KW  - bee microbiota
KW  - pollen metabarcoding
KW  - pollen foraging
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182493
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lopez-Arreguin, A. J. R.
A1  - Montenegro, S.
T1  - Towards bio-inspired robots for underground and surface exploration in planetary environments: An overview and novel developments inspired in sand-swimmers
JF  - Heliyon
N2  - Dessert organisms like sandfish lizards (SLs) bend and generate thrust in granular mediums to scape heat and hunt for prey [1]. Further, SLs seems to have striking capabilities to swim in undulatory form keeping the same wavelength even in terrains with different volumetric densities, hence behaving as rigid bodies. This paper tries to recommend new research directions for planetary robotics, adapting principles of sand swimmers for improving robustness of surface exploration robots. First, we summarize previous efforts on bio-inspired hardware developed for granular terrains and accessing complex geological features. Later, a rigid wheel design has been proposed to imitate SLs locomotion capabilities. In order to derive the force models to predict performance of such bio-inspired mobility system, different approaches as RFT (Resistive Force Theory) and analytical terramechanics are introduced. Even in typical wheeled robots the slip and sinkage increase with time, the new design intends to imitate traversability capabilities of SLs, that seem to keep the same slip while displacing at subsurface levels.
KW  - aerospace engineering
KW  - mechanical engineering
KW  - biomimetics
KW  - biomechanic
KW  - biomechanical engineering
KW  - mechanics
KW  - sandfish
KW  - granular
KW  - locomotion
KW  - slip
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230309
VL  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoßfeld, Tobias
A1  - Heegaard, Poul E.
A1  - Skrorin-Kapov, Lea
A1  - Varela, Martín
T1  - Deriving QoE in systems: from fundamental relationships to a QoE-based Service-level Quality Index
JF  - Quality and User Experience
N2  - With Quality of Experience (QoE) research having made significant advances over the years, service and network providers aim at user-centric evaluation of the services provided in their system. The question arises how to derive QoE in systems. In the context of subjective user studies conducted to derive relationships between influence factors and QoE, user diversity leads to varying distributions of user rating scores for different test conditions. Such models are commonly exploited by providers to derive various QoE metrics in their system, such as expected QoE, or the percentage of users rating above a certain threshold. The question then becomes how to combine (a) user rating distributions obtained from subjective studies, and (b) system parameter distributions, so as to obtain the actual observed QoE distribution in the system? Moreover, how can various QoE metrics of interest in the system be derived? We prove fundamental relationships for the derivation of QoE in systems, thus providing an important link between the QoE community and the systems community. In our numerical examples, we focus mainly on QoE metrics. We furthermore provide a more generalized view on quantifying the quality of systems by defining a QoE-based Service-level Quality Index. This index exploits the fact that quality can be seen as a proxy measure for utility. Following the assumption that not all user sessions should be weighted equally, we aim to provide a generic framework that can be utilized to quantify the overall utility of a service delivered by a system.
KW  - QoE fundamentals
KW  - Expected QoE
KW  - Expected MOS
KW  - Good-or-Better (GoB)
KW  - QoS-QoE mapping functions
KW  - Service-level Quality Index (SQI)
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235597
SN  - 2366-0139
VL  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stauffert, Jan-Philipp
A1  - Niebling, Florian
A1  - Latoschik, Marc Erich
T1  - Latency and Cybersickness: Impact, Causes, and Measures. A Review
JF  - Frontiers in Virtual Reality
N2  - Latency is a key characteristic inherent to any computer system. Motion-to-Photon (MTP) latency describes the time between the movement of a tracked object and its corresponding movement rendered and depicted by computer-generated images on a graphical output screen. High MTP latency can cause a loss of performance in interactive graphics applications and, even worse, can provoke cybersickness in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. Here, cybersickness can degrade VR experiences or may render the experiences completely unusable. It can confound research findings of an otherwise sound experiment. Latency as a contributing factor to cybersickness needs to be properly understood. Its effects need to be analyzed, its sources need to be identified, good measurement methods need to be developed, and proper counter measures need to be developed in order to reduce potentially harmful impacts of latency on the usability and safety of VR systems. Research shows that latency can exhibit intricate timing patterns with various spiking and periodic behavior. These timing behaviors may vary, yet most are found to provoke cybersickness. Overall, latency can differ drastically between different systems interfering with generalization of measurement results. This review article describes the causes and effects of latency with regard to cybersickness. We report on different existing approaches to measure and report latency. Hence, the article provides readers with the knowledge to understand and report latency for their own applications, evaluations, and experiments. It should also help to measure, identify, and finally control and counteract latency and hence gain confidence into the soundness of empirical data collected by VR exposures. Low latency increases the usability and safety of VR systems.
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - latency
KW  - cybersickness
KW  - jitter
KW  - simulator sickness
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236133
VL  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kramer, Alexander
A1  - Bangert, Philip
A1  - Schilling, Klaus
T1  - UWE-4: First Electric Propulsion on a 1U CubeSat — In-Orbit Experiments and Characterization
JF  - Aerospace
N2  - The electric propulsion system NanoFEEP was integrated and tested in orbit on the UWE-4 satellite, which marks the first successful demonstration of an electric propulsion system on board a 1U CubeSat. In-orbit characterization measurements of the heating process of the propellant and the power consumption of the propulsion system at different thrust levels are presented. Furthermore, an analysis of the thrust vector direction based on its effect on the attitude of the spacecraft is described. The employed heater liquefies the propellant for a duration of 30 min per orbit and consumes 103 ± 4 mW. During this time, the respective thruster can be activated. The propulsion system including one thruster head, its corresponding heater, the neutralizer and the digital components of the power processing unit consume 8.5 ± 0.1 mW ⋅μ A\(^{−1}\) + 184 ± 8.5 mW and scales with the emitter current. The estimated thrust directions of two thruster heads are at angles of 15.7 ± 7.6∘ and 13.2 ± 5.5∘ relative to their mounting direction in the CubeSat structure. In light of the very limited power on a 1U CubeSat, the NanoFEEP propulsion system renders a very viable option. The heater of subsequent NanoFEEP thrusters was already improved, such that the system can be activated during the whole orbit period.
KW  - CubeSat
KW  - UWE-4
KW  - electric propulsion
KW  - NanoFEEP
KW  - power consumption
KW  - thrust direction
KW  - characterization
KW  - in-orbit experiments
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236124
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Reuter, Oliver M.
T1  - Erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption : Eine Methode zur Verzahnung von Produktion und Rezeption
N2  - Eine Rezeption auf den von Kindern und Jugendlichen selbst gemachten Erfahrungen aufzubauen, ist das zentrale Anliegen der ausgeführten Methode zur Verschränkung von produktiven und rezeptiven Anteilen im Kunstunterricht. Indem vor der Rezeption eine bildnerische Praxis stattfindet, können Ideen und Vorstellungen selbständig und individuell entwickelt und in Bilder übersetzt werden. Bei der erfahrungsverankerten Vermittlung basiert die Rezeption auf einer Schnittmenge zwischen eigenen Handlungen im bildnerischen oder darstellenden Prozess und zentralen Aspekten des Werks. Solche Referenzpunkte zwischen der Produktion und der Rezeption können im Material, im Thema, in der Gattung, im bildnerischen Verfahren oder in einer künstlerischen Strategie ausfindig gemacht werden. Sie dienen dazu, Einsichten, Einstellungen, Kenntnisse und Wissen aus der Produktion in die Rezeption mitzunehmen. Somit ist die Methode der erfahrungsverankerten Rezeption gleichermaßen geeignet für die Vermittlung historischer wie für zeitgenössischer Kunst.

Nach der Darlegung und Konturierung der Konzeption zeigt die Publikation Wege auf, die erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption in Unterricht zu überführen. Exemplarische Unterrichtsskizzen illustrieren die Umsetzung im Kunstunterricht.
KW  - Erfahrung
KW  - Kunsterziehung
KW  - Rezeption
KW  - Unterrichtsmethode
KW  - Kunstvermittlung
KW  - Unterrichtsvorbereitung
KW  - Bildnerisches Gestalten
KW  - Erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption
KW  - Ästhetische Praxis
KW  - Ästhetische Bildung
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346008
UR  - https://www.kopaed.de/kopaedshop/?pg=2_15&pid=1263
SN  - 978-3-86736-580-2
N1  - Technisch korrigierte, inhaltlich identische Version zu https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345281.
PB  - kopaed
ET  - 1. Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esken, Jens
A1  - Goris, Tobias
A1  - Gadkari, Jennifer
A1  - Bischler, Thorsten
A1  - Förstner, Konrad U.
A1  - Sharma, Cynthia M.
A1  - Diekert, Gabriele
A1  - Schubert, Torsten
T1  - Tetrachloroethene respiration in Sulfurospirillum species is regulated by a two‐component system as unraveled by comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and regulator binding studies
JF  - MicrobiologyOpen
N2  - Energy conservation via organohalide respiration (OHR) in dehalogenating Sulfurospirillum species is an inducible process. However, the gene products involved in tetrachloroethene (PCE) sensing and signal transduction have not been unambiguously identified. Here, genome sequencing of Sulfurospirillum strains defective in PCE respiration and comparative genomics, which included the PCE‐respiring representatives of the genus, uncovered the genetic inactivation of a two‐component system (TCS) in the OHR gene region of the natural mutants. The assumption that the TCS gene products serve as a PCE sensor that initiates gene transcription was supported by the constitutive low‐level expression of the TCS operon in fumarate‐adapted cells of Sulfurospirillum multivorans. Via RNA sequencing, eight transcriptional units were identified in the OHR gene region, which includes the TCS operon, the PCE reductive dehalogenase operon, the gene cluster for norcobamide biosynthesis, and putative accessory genes with unknown functions. The OmpR‐family response regulator (RR) encoded in the TCS operon was functionally characterized by promoter‐binding assays. The RR bound a cis‐regulatory element that contained a consensus sequence of a direct repeat (CTATW) separated by 17 bp. Its location either overlapping the −35 box or 50 bp further upstream indicated different regulatory mechanisms. Sequence variations in the regulator binding sites identified in the OHR gene region were in accordance with differences in the transcript levels of the respective gene clusters forming the PCE regulon. The results indicate the presence of a fine‐tuned regulatory network controlling PCE metabolism in dehalogenating Sulfurospirillum species, a group of metabolically versatile organohalide‐respiring bacteria.
KW  - genomics
KW  - organohalide respiration
KW  - RNA sequencing
KW  - tetrachloroethene
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - two‐component system
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225754
VL  - 9
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leal, Andrea Zurita
A1  - Schwebs, Marie
A1  - Briggs, Emma
A1  - Weisert, Nadine
A1  - Reis, Helena
A1  - Lemgruber, Leondro
A1  - Luko, Katarina
A1  - Wilkes, Jonathan
A1  - Butter, Falk
A1  - McCulloch, Richard
A1  - Janzen, Christian J.
T1  - Genome maintenance functions of a putative Trypanosoma brucei translesion DNA polymerase include telomere association and a role in antigenic variation
JF  - Nucleic Acids Research
N2  - Maintenance of genome integrity is critical to guarantee transfer of an intact genome from parent to off-spring during cell division. DNA polymerases (Pols) provide roles in both replication of the genome and the repair of a wide range of lesions. Amongst replicative DNA Pols, translesion DNA Pols play a particular role: replication to bypass DNA damage. All cells express a range of translesion Pols, but little work has examined their function in parasites, including whether the enzymes might contribute to host-parasite interactions. Here, we describe a dual function of one putative translesion Pol in African trypanosomes, which we now name TbPolIE. Previously, we demonstrated that TbPolIE is associated with telomeric sequences and here we show that RNAi-mediated depletion of TbPolIE transcripts results in slowed growth, altered DNA content, changes in cell morphology, and increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. We also show that TbPolIE displays pronounced localization at the nuclear periphery, and that its depletion leads to chromosome segregation defects and increased levels of endogenous DNA damage. Finally, we demonstrate that TbPolIE depletion leads to deregulation of telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes, linking the function of this putative translesion DNA polymerase to host immune evasion by antigenic variation.
KW  - cross-link repair
KW  - cell cycle
KW  - gene expression
KW  - low fidelity
KW  - replication
KW  - bypass
KW  - theta
KW  - reveals
KW  - binding
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230579
VL  - 48
IS  - 17
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wegener, Sonja
A1  - Herzog, Barbara
A1  - Sauer, Otto A.
T1  - Detector response in the buildup region of small MV fields
JF  - Medical Physics
N2  - Purpose:
The model used to calculate dose distributions in a radiotherapy treatment plan relies on the data entered during beam commissioning. The quality of these data heavily depends on the detector choice made, especially in small fields and in the buildup region. Therefore, it is necessary to identify suitable detectors for measurements in the buildup region of small fields. To aid the understanding of a detector's limitations, several factors that influence the detector signal are to be analyzed, for example, the volume effect due to the detector size, the response to electron contamination, the signal dependence on the polarity used, and the effective point of measurement chosen.

Methods:
We tested the suitability of different small field detectors for measurements of depth dose curves with a special focus on the surface‐near area of dose buildup for fields sized between 10 × 10 and 0.6 × 0.6 cm\(^{2}\). Depth dose curves were measured with 14 different detectors including plane‐parallel chambers, thimble chambers of different types and sizes, shielded and unshielded diodes as well as a diamond detector. Those curves were compared with depth dose curves acquired on Gafchromic film. Additionally, the magnitude of geometric volume corrections was estimated from film profiles in different depths. Furthermore, a lead foil was inserted into the beam to reduce contaminating electrons and to study the resulting changes of the detector response. The role of the effective point of measurement was investigated by quantifying the changes occurring when shifting depth dose curves. Last, measurements for the small ionization chambers taken at opposing biasing voltages were compared to study polarity effects.

Results:
Depth‐dependent correction factors for relative depth dose curves with different detectors were derived. Film, the Farmer chamber FC23, a 0.13 cm\(^{3}\) scanning chamber CC13 and a plane‐parallel chamber PPC05 agree very well in fields sized 4 × 4 and 10 × 10 cm\(^{2}\). For most detectors and in smaller fields, depth dose curves differ from the film. In general, shielded diodes require larger corrections than unshielded diodes. Neither the geometric volume effect nor the electron contamination can account for the detector differences. The biggest uncertainty arises from the positioning of a detector with respect to the water surface and from the choice of the detector's effective point of measurement. Depth dose curves acquired with small ionization chambers differ by over 15% in the buildup region depending on sign of the biasing voltage used.

Conclusions:
A scanning chamber or a PPC40 chamber is suitable for fields larger than 4 × 4 cm\(^{2}\). Below that field size, the microDiamond or small ionization chambers perform best requiring the smallest corrections at depth as well as in the buildup region. Diode response changes considerably between the different types of detectors. The position of the effective point of measurement has a huge effect on the resulting curves, therefore detector specific rather than general shifts of half the inner radius of cylindrical ionization chambers for the effective point of measurement should be used. For small ionization chambers, averaging between both polarities is necessary for data obtained near the surface.
KW  - buildup region
KW  - diode
KW  - dosimetry
KW  - microionization chambers
KW  - percent depth dose curves
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214228
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Fuchs, Sonja
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Sieh, Daniel
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Highly Stable, Readily Reducible, Fluorescent, Trifluoromethylated 9‐Borafluorenes
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Three different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes (\(^{F}\)Bf) were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo‐aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para substituents on their exo‐aryl moieties, being a proton \(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf, \(^{F}\)Xyl: 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), a trifluoromethyl group (\(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf, \(^{F}\)Mes: 2,4,6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) or a dimethylamino group (p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf, p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl: 4‐(dimethylamino)‐2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), respectively. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron‐deficient derivative \(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, all compounds exhibit very long fluorescent lifetimes of about 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this differ. The donor‐substituted derivative p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from a charge‐transfer (CT) state, whereas the \(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf and FXylFBf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition‐dipole moments.
KW  - borafluorenes
KW  - boron
KW  - EPR spectroscopy
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - heterocycles
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218390
VL  - 26
IS  - 56
SP  - 12794
EP  - 12808
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lee, Ching Hua
A1  - Sutrisno, Amanda
A1  - Hofmann, Tobias
A1  - Helbig, Tobias
A1  - Liu, Yuhan
A1  - Ang, Yee Sin
A1  - Ang, Lay Kee
A1  - Zhang, Xiao
A1  - Greiter, Martin
A1  - Thomale, Ronny
T1  - Imaging nodal knots in momentum space through topolectrical circuits
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Knots are intricate structures that cannot be unambiguously distinguished with any single topological invariant. Momentum space knots, in particular, have been elusive due to their requisite finely tuned long-ranged hoppings. Even if constructed, probing their intricate linkages and topological "drumhead" surface states will be challenging due to the high precision needed. In this work, we overcome these practical and technical challenges with RLC circuits, transcending existing theoretical constructions which necessarily break reciprocity, by pairing nodal knots with their mirror image partners in a fully reciprocal setting. Our nodal knot circuits can be characterized with impedance measurements that resolve their drumhead states and image their 3D nodal structure. Doing so allows for reconstruction of the Seifert surface and hence knot topological invariants like the Alexander polynomial. We illustrate our approach with large-scale simulations of various nodal knots and an experiment which maps out the topological drumhead region of a Hopf-link. Topological phases with knotted configurations in momentum space have been challenging to realize. Here, Lee et al. provide a systematic design and measurement of a three-dimensional knotted nodal structure, and resolve its momentum space drumhead states via a topolectrical RLC-type circuit.
KW  - nodal knots
KW  - topolectrical circuits
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230407
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Drisch, Michael
A1  - Bischoff, Lisa A.
A1  - Sprenger, Jan A. P.
A1  - Hennig, Philipp T.
A1  - Wirthensohn, Raphael
A1  - Landmann, Johannes
A1  - Konieczka, Szymon Z.
A1  - Hailmann, Michael
A1  - Ignat'ev, Nikolai V.
A1  - Finze, Maik
T1  - Innovative Syntheses of Cyano(fluoro)borates: Catalytic Cyanation, Electrochemical and Electrophilic Fluorination
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Different types of high‐yield, easily scalable syntheses for cyano(fluoro)borates Kt[BF\(_{n}\)(CN)\(_{4-n}\)] (n=0–2) (Kt=cation), which are versatile building blocks for materials applications and chemical synthesis, have been developed. Tetrafluoroborates react with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of metal‐free Brønsted or Lewis acid catalysts under unprecedentedly mild conditions to give tricyanofluoroborates or tetracyanoborates. Analogously, pentafluoroethyltrifluoroborates are converted into pentafluoroethyltricyanoborates. Boron trifluoride etherate, alkali metal salts, and trimethylsilyl cyanide selectively yield dicyanodifluoroborates or tricyanofluoroborates. Fluorination of cyanohydridoborates is the third reaction type that includes direct fluorination with, for example, elemental fluorine, stepwise halogenation/fluorination reactions, and electrochemical fluorination (ECF) according to the Simons process. In addition, fluorination of [BH(CN)\(_{2}\){OC(O)Et}]\(^{-}\) to result in [BF(CN)\(_{2}\){OC(O)Et}]\(^{-}\) is described.
KW  - cyanoborates
KW  - electrochemical fluorination
KW  - fluorination
KW  - fluoroborates
KW  - ionic liquids
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216027
VL  - 26
IS  - 50
SP  - 11625
EP  - 11633
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - von Hoermann, Christian
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Benbow, M. Eric
A1  - Heurich, Marco
T1  - Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem
JF  - Ecosphere
N2  - Carrion plays an essential role in shaping the structure and functioning of ecosystems and has far‐reaching implications for biodiversity conservation. The change in availability and type of carcasses throughout ecosystems can involve negative effects for scavenging communities. To address this issue, there have been recent conservation management measures of carrion provision in natural systems. However, the optimal conditions under which exposing carcasses to optimize conservation outcomes are still limited. Here, we used camera traps throughout elevational and vegetational gradients to monitor the consumption of 48 deer carcasses over a study period of six years by evaluating 270,279 photographs resulting out of 15,373 trap nights. We detected 17 species visiting carcass deployments, including five endangered species. Our results show that large carcasses, the winter season, and a heterogeneous surrounding habitat enhanced the frequency of carcass visits and the species richness of scavenger assemblages. Contrary to our expectations, carcass species, condition (fresh/frozen), and provision schedule (continuous vs single exposure) did not influence scavenging frequency or diversity. The carcass visitation frequency increased with carcass mass and lower temperatures. The effect of large carcasses was especially pronounced for mesopredators and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Lynx were not too influenced in its carrion acquisition by the season, but exclusively preferred remote habitats containing higher forest cover. Birds of prey, mesopredators, and top predators were also positively influenced by the visiting rate of ravens (Corvus corax), whereas no biotic or abiotic preferences were found for wild boars (Sus scrofa). This study provides evidence that any ungulate species of carrion, either in a fresh or in previously frozen condition, attracts a high diversity of scavengers especially during winter, thereby supporting earlier work that carcass provisions may support scavenger communities and endangered species.
KW  - anthropogenic food subsidies
KW  - carrion ecology
KW  - diversity
KW  - nature conservation
KW  - necrobiome
KW  - vertebrate scavenger
KW  - wildlife management
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218054
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lukasczik, Matthias
A1  - Gerlich, Christian
A1  - Wolf, Hans Dieter
A1  - Vogel, Heiner
T1  - Beyond oncology: question prompt lists in healthcare — A scoping review protocol
JF  - Methods and Protocols
N2  - Question prompt lists (QPL) are an instrument to promote patient participation in medical encounters by providing a set of questions patients can use during consultations. QPL have predominantly been examined in oncology. Less is known about their use in other contexts. Therefore, we plan to conduct a scoping review to provide an overview of the fields of healthcare in which QPL have been developed and evaluated. MEDLINE/PUBMED, PSYCINFO, PSYNDEX, WEB OF SCIENCE, and CINAHL will be systematically searched. Primary studies from different healthcare contexts that address the following participants/target groups will be included: persons with an acute, chronic, or recurring health condition other than cancer; healthy persons in non-oncological primary preventive measures. There will be no restrictions in terms of study design, sample size, or outcomes. However, only published studies will be included. Studies that were published in English and German between 1990 and 2019 will be examined. Two independent reviewers will apply defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and determine study eligibility in the review process guided by the PRISMA statement.
KW  - question prompt list
KW  - patient participation
KW  - scoping review
KW  - decision support techniques
KW  - literature search
KW  - non-oncological
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200832
SN  - 2409-9279
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seitz, Maximilian
A1  - Lenhart, Jan
A1  - Rübsam, Nina
T1  - The effects of gendered information in stories on preschool children’s development of gender stereotypes
JF  - British Journal of Developmental Psychology
N2  - Social‐cognitive theory posits that children learn gender stereotypes through gendered information. The present study examined whether children learn new gender stereotypes from stories when unknown words are linked to a gendered protagonist or context information. In Experiment 1, 40 3‐ to 6‐year‐old preschoolers were read stories with either a gendered protagonist embedded within a non‐gendered context, or a non‐gendered protagonist embedded within a gendered context. In Experiment 2, the same sample of children were read stories with the protagonist and the context displaying congruent or incongruent gender information. Each story featured an unknown activity linked with the stereotypical content. Both experiments indicate that the children rated the activity according to both the gender of the context and of the protagonist; however, the effect of the latter was stronger. In addition, children showed higher interest in the unknown activity if the protagonist’s gender matched their own sex. Thus, gender information in stories influences how children perceive unknown words.
KW  - gender development
KW  - gender stereotypes
KW  - shared‐reading
KW  - social‐cognitive theory
KW  - storybooks
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214622
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
SP  - 363
EP  - 390
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Tobias
A1  - Jannasch, Maren
A1  - Weigel, Tobias
A1  - Moseke, Claus
A1  - Gbureck, Uwe
A1  - Groll, Jürgen
A1  - Walles, Heike
A1  - Hansmann, Jan
T1  - Nanotopographical Coatings Induce an Early Phenotype-Specific Response of Primary Material-Resident M1 and M2 Macrophages
JF  - Materials
N2  - Implants elicit an immunological response after implantation that results in the worst case in a complete implant rejection. This biomaterial-induced inflammation is modulated by macrophages and can be influenced by nanotopographical surface structures such as titania nanotubes or fractal titanium nitride (TiN) surfaces. However, their specific impact on a distinct macrophage phenotype has not been identified. By using two different levels of nanostructures and smooth samples as controls, the influence of tubular TiO2 and fractal TiN nanostructures on primary human macrophages with M1 or M2-phenotype was investigated. Therefore, nanotopographical coatings were either, directly generated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by electrochemical anodization of titanium PVD coatings. The cellular response of macrophages was quantitatively assessed to demonstrate a difference in biocompatibility of nanotubes in respect to human M1 and M2-macrophages. Depending on the tube diameter of the nanotubular surfaces, low cell numbers and impaired cellular activity, was detected for M2-macrophages, whereas the impact of nanotubes on M1-polarized macrophages was negligible. Importantly, we could confirm this phenotypic response on the fractal TiN surfaces. The results indicate that the investigated topographies specifically impact the macrophage M2-subtype that modulates the formation of the fibrotic capsule and the long-term response to an implant.
KW  - nanotopographical surfaces
KW  - combination of physical vapor deposition and electrochemical etching
KW  - defined humanized test system
KW  - inflammatory response
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203378
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weick, Stefan
A1  - Breuer, Kathrin
A1  - Richter, Anne
A1  - Exner, Florian
A1  - Ströhle, Serge-Peer
A1  - Lutyj, Paul
A1  - Tamihardja, Jörg
A1  - Veldhoen, Simon
A1  - Flentje, Michael
A1  - Polat, Bülent
T1  - Non-rigid image registration of 4D-MRI data for improved delineation of moving tumors
JF  - BMC Medical Imaging
N2  - Background 
To increase the image quality of end-expiratory and end-inspiratory phases of retrospective respiratory self-gated 4D MRI data sets using non-rigid image registration for improved target delineation of moving tumors. 

Methods 
End-expiratory and end-inspiratory phases of volunteer and patient 4D MRI data sets are used as targets for non-rigid image registration of all other phases using two different registration schemes: In the first, all phases are registered directly (dir-Reg) while next neighbors are successively registered until the target is reached in the second (nn-Reg). Resulting data sets are quantitatively compared using diaphragm and tumor sharpness and the coefficient of variation of regions of interest in the lung, liver, and heart. Qualitative assessment of the patient data regarding noise level, tumor delineation, and overall image quality was performed by blinded reading based on a 4 point Likert scale. 

Results 
The median coefficient of variation was lower for both registration schemes compared to the target. Median dir-Reg coefficient of variation of all ROIs was 5.6% lower for expiration and 7.0% lower for inspiration compared with nn-Reg. Statistical significant differences between the two schemes were found in all comparisons. Median sharpness in inspiration is lower compared to expiration sharpness in all cases. Registered data sets were rated better compared to the targets in all categories. Over all categories, mean expiration scores were 2.92 +/- 0.18 for the target, 3.19 +/- 0.22 for nn-Reg and 3.56 +/- 0.14 for dir-Reg and mean inspiration scores 2.25 +/- 0.12 for the target, 2.72 +/- 215 0.04 for nn-Reg and 3.78 +/- 0.04 for dir-Reg. 

Conclusions 
In this work, end-expiratory and inspiratory phases of a 4D MRI data sets are used as targets for non-rigid image registration of all other phases. It is qualitatively and quantitatively shown that image quality of the targets can be significantly enhanced leading to improved target delineation of moving tumors.
KW  - 4D-MRI
KW  - Non-rigid image registration
KW  - Radiotherapy treatment planning
KW  - Respiratory induced tumor motion
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229271
VL  - 20
ER  -