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WUEMoCA — научный инструмент веб-кар¬тографирования для мониторинга эф¬фек¬тивности земле- и водопользования на территориях орошаемого земледелия стран трансграничного бассейна Араль¬ского моря (Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Таджикистана, Туркменистана, Узбеки¬стана и Афганистана). Путём интеграции спутниковых данных по землепользованию, растениеводству и потреблению воды с гидрологическими и экономическими данными создаётся целый набор показателей. Инструмент полезен для выработки масштабных решений в вопросах распределения воды и землепользования, а также может применяться во многих практических сферах, в которых требуются независимые данные о конкретных обширных территориях.
Zum Zusammenhang von Staatlichkeit und lokalen Selbstregelungen: Einige theoretische Überlegungen
(2020)
Dieses Working Paper widmet sich dem Zusammenhang von Staatlichkeit und lokalen Selbstregelungen. Mittels eines deduktiven Zugangs werden verschiedene theoretische Szenarien dieses Zusammenhangs durchgespielt. Hierbei handelt es sich neben den generellen Zusammenhängen der beiden Regelungsformen um den Umfang der Regelungen, die Beziehungsformen zwischen den Regelungsvarianten, den Voraussetzungen zur Implementierung von Regelungen sowie der Verknüpfung der Regelungsformen mit dem Konzept der Staatlichkeit.
Die Studie erweitert das Forschungsfeld um drei wesentliche Erkenntnisse: Erstens, dass es neben dem postulierten negativen Zusammenhang von staatlichen Regulierungen und lokalen Selbstregelungen noch weitere hypothetisch anzunehmende Zusammenhänge geben kann. Zweitens, dass neben staatlicher Regulierung und lokalen Selbstregelungen auch regelungsfreie Regelungsbedarfe existieren und stärker in den Blick genommen werden sollten. Drittens, dass der Grad der Staatlichkeit unabhängig vom Ausmaß staatlicher Regulierung betrachtet werden sollte.
WUEMoCA is an operational scientific webmapping tool for the regional monitoring of land and water use efficiency in the irrigated croplands of the transboundary Aral Sea Basin that is shared by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan. Satellite data on land use, crop pro-duction and water consumption is integrated with hydrological and economic information to provide of a set indicators. The tool is useful for large-scale decisions on water distribution or land use, and may be seen as demonstrator for numerous applications in practice, that require independent area-wide spatial information.
White Paper on Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements – Definitions, Use Cases and Challenges
(2020)
The goal of the white paper at hand is as follows. The definitions of the terms build a framework for discussions around the hype topic ‘crowdsourcing’. This serves as a basis for differentiation and a consistent view from different perspectives on crowdsourced network measurements, with the goal to provide a commonly accepted definition in the community. The focus is on the context of mobile and fixed network operators, but also on measurements of different layers (network, application, user layer). In addition, the white paper shows the value of crowdsourcing for selected use cases, e.g., to improve QoE or regulatory issues. Finally, the major challenges and issues for researchers and practitioners are highlighted.
This white paper is the outcome of the Würzburg seminar on “Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements” which took place from 25-26 September 2019 in Würzburg, Germany. International experts were invited from industry and academia. They are well known in their communities, having different backgrounds in crowdsourcing, mobile networks, network measurements, network performance, Quality of Service (QoS), and Quality of Experience (QoE). The discussions in the seminar focused on how crowdsourcing will support vendors, operators, and regulators to determine the Quality of Experience in new 5G networks that enable various new applications and network architectures. As a result of the discussions, the need for a white paper manifested, with the goal of providing a scientific discussion of the terms “crowdsourced network measurements” and “crowdsourced QoE measurements”, describing relevant use cases for such crowdsourced data, and its underlying challenges. During the seminar, those main topics were identified, intensively discussed in break-out groups, and brought back into the plenum several times. The outcome of the seminar is this white paper at hand which is – to our knowledge – the first one covering the topic of crowdsourced network and QoE measurements.
In network research, reproducibility of experiments is not always easy to achieve. Infrastructures are cumbersome to set up or are not available due to vendor-specific devices. Emulators try to overcome those issues to a given extent and are available in different service models. Unfortunately, the usability of emulators requires time-consuming efforts and a deep understanding of their functionality. At first, we analyze to which extent currently available open-source emulators support network configurations and how user-friendly they are. With these insights, we describe, how an ease-to-use emulator is implemented and may run as a Network Emulator as a Service (NEaaS). Therefore, virtualization plays a major role in order to deploy a NEaaS based on Kathará.
Tactile Internet aims at allowing perceived real-time interactions between humans and machines. This requires satisfying a stringent latency requirement of haptic data streams whose data rates vary drastically as the results of perceptual codecs. This introduces a complex problem for the underlying network infrastructure to fulfill the pre-defined level of Quality of Service (QoS). However, novel networking hardware with data plane programming capability allows processing packets differently and opens up a new opportunity. For example, a dynamic and network-aware resource management strategy can help satisfy the QoS requirements of different priority flows without wasting precious bandwidth. This paper introduces virtual queues for service differentiation between different types of traffic streams, leveraging protocol independent switch architecture (PISA). We propose coordinating the management of all the queues and dynamically adapting their sizes to minimize packet loss and delay due to network congestion and ensure QoS compliance.
Lightning has fascinated humanity since the beginning of our existence. Different types of lightning like sprites and blue jets were discovered, and many more are theorized. However, it is very likely that these phenomena are not exclusive to our home planet. Venus’s dense and active atmosphere is a place where lightning is to be expected. Missions like Venera, Pioneer, and Galileo have carried instruments to measure electromagnetic activity. These measurements have indeed delivered results. However, these results are not clear. They could be explained by other effects like cosmic rays, plasma noise, or spacecraft noise. Furthermore, these lightning seem different from those we know from our home planet. In order to tackle these issues, a different approach to measurement is proposed. When multiple devices in different spacecraft or locations can measure the same atmospheric discharge, most other explanations become increasingly less likely. Thus, the suggested instrument and method of VELEX incorporates multiple spacecraft. With this approach, the question about the existence of lightning on Venus could be settled.
This paper presents a prototypical implementation of the In-band Network Telemetry (INT) specification in P4 and demonstrates a use case, where a Tofino Switch is used to measure device and network performance in a lab setting. This work is based on research activities in the area of P4 data plane programming conducted at the network lab of HTW Berlin.