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Institute
- Abteilung für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde (156) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
Was vor einigen Jahren undenkbar erschien, könnte zukünftig möglich sein: Krankes Gewebe mit Gesundem ersetzen, das in vitro mit modernsten Biofabrikationstechniken hergestellt wird. Dabei werden bisherige Grenzen überschritten: Während lichtbasierte Biodruckverfahren wie die Zwei-Photonen-Polymerisation Auflösungen bis in den Nanometerbereich erzielen, ermöglicht der Volumetrische Biodruck (VB) den Druck zentimetergroßer Konstrukte in wenigen Sekunden. Diese Geschwindigkeiten erweisen sich unter Biodruckverfahren als konkurrenzlos und werden erreicht, da das Bioharz nicht konsekutiv, sondern zugleich vernetzt wird. Einschränkend gilt bislang nur der Mangel an geeigneten Bioharzen für den VB. Daher beschäftigt sich vorliegende Arbeit mit der Charakterisierung und Modifikation eines dafür geeigneten Bioharzes: Gelatine-Methacrylat (GelMA). Dank seiner Zusammensetzung ähnelt das etablierte Hydrogelsystem der Extratrazellularmatrix: Der Gelatine-Anteil ermöglicht Biokompatibilität und Bioaktivität durch zelladhäsive sowie degradierbare Aminosäure-Sequenzen. Zugleich können durch photovernetzbare Methacryloyl-Substituenten Konstrukte mit einer Formstabilität bei 37 °C erzeugt werden.
Zunächst wurde das Bioharz zellbiologisch charakterisiert, indem mit der embryonalen Mausfibroblasten-Zelllinie NIH-3T3 beladene GelMA-Zylinder gegossen, photopolymerisiert und kultiviert wurden. Im Verlauf einer Woche wurde die Zytokompatibilität der Gele anhand der Proliferationsfähigkeit (PicoGreen-Assay), des Metabolismus (CCK-8-Assay) und der Vitalität (Live/Dead-Assay) der Zellen beurteilt. Dabei wurden Polymerkonzentrationen von 6 – 8 % sowie GelMA-Harze zweier verschiedener Molekulargewichte verglichen. Alle hergestellten Gele erwiesen sich als zytokompatibel, 6 % ige Gele ließen im Inneren jedoch zusätzlich eine beginnende Zellspreizung zu und ein niedriges GelMA-Molekulargewicht verstärkte die gemessene Proliferation. Die sich anschließende mechanische und physikalische Charakterisierung belegte, dass höher konzentrierte Gele einen größeren E-Modul aufwiesen und damit steifer waren. Eine Modifikation der Gele mit Fibronektin beeinflusste die Zellverträglichkeit weder positiv noch negativ und die Zugabe von Kollagen war wegen Entmischungseffekten nicht bewertbar. Es liegt die Vermutung nah, dass eine weitere Reduktion der Polymerkonzentration und damit Verringerung der Gelsteifigkeit der Schlüssel für mehr Zellspreizung und -wachstum ist. Da jedoch die Druckbarkeit des Bioharzes die weitere Senkung des GelMA-Gehalts limitiert, sollten zunächst Methoden entwickelt werden, welche die Netzwerkdichte des GelMAs anderweitig herabsetzen.