Refine
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (543)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (304)
- Doctoral Thesis (222)
- Preprint (14)
- Book article / Book chapter (1)
- Report (1)
- Review (1)
Keywords
- Organische Chemie (135)
- Supramolekulare Chemie (30)
- Selbstorganisation (22)
- Farbstoff (17)
- Naphthylisochinolinalkaloide (16)
- Chemische Synthese (15)
- Fluoreszenz (15)
- self-assembly (15)
- Merocyanine (14)
- fluorescence (14)
- Organische Synthese (13)
- Perylenderivate (13)
- perylene bisimide (13)
- supramolecular chemistry (13)
- Aggregation (10)
- Chemie (10)
- Perylenbisimid (10)
- RNA (10)
- Strukturaufklärung (10)
- water oxidation (10)
- 1 (9)
- Elektronentransfer (9)
- Nanodiamant (9)
- DNA (8)
- Diamant (8)
- Funktionalisierung <Chemie> (8)
- Isolierung <Chemie> (8)
- Totalsynthese (8)
- organic chemistry (8)
- 3 (7)
- Ancistrocladaceae (7)
- Katalyse (7)
- Molekulare Erkennung (7)
- Naturstoffe (7)
- Polymere (7)
- SARS-CoV-2 (7)
- Sekundärmetabolit (7)
- Squaraine (7)
- catalysis (7)
- dyes (7)
- photocatalysis (7)
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (7)
- structure elucidation (7)
- Asymmetrische Synthese (6)
- Chiralität <Chemie> (6)
- Click-Chemie (6)
- Exziton (6)
- Flüssigkristall (6)
- Malaria (6)
- Nanopartikel (6)
- Oxidation (6)
- Supramolecular Chemistry (6)
- Zirkulardichroismus (6)
- in vitro selection (6)
- nanodiamond (6)
- Aggregat <Chemie> (5)
- Biosynthese (5)
- Chromophor (5)
- DNS (5)
- Diels-Alder reactions (5)
- Kombinatorische Synthese (5)
- Natural Products (5)
- Nucleinsäuren (5)
- Perylenbisdicarboximide <Perylen-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)> (5)
- Self-assembly (5)
- Synthesediamant (5)
- aggregation (5)
- luminescence (5)
- total synthesis (5)
- Ancistrocladus (4)
- CD-Spektroskopie (4)
- Chiralität (4)
- Guanidinderivate (4)
- Ladungstransfer (4)
- Metallosupramolekulare Chemie (4)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (4)
- Naphthylisochinolin-Alkaloide (4)
- Naturstoff (4)
- Organic Chemistry (4)
- Perylene Bisimide (4)
- Ruthenium complexes (4)
- Selbstassemblierung (4)
- Stereoselektive Synthese (4)
- Supramolekulare Struktur (4)
- Synthese (4)
- Triarylamine (4)
- Wasseroxidation (4)
- Wasserstoffbrückenbindung (4)
- boranes (4)
- chemistry (4)
- chirality (4)
- circular dichroism (4)
- dyes/pigments (4)
- energy transfer (4)
- exciton coupling (4)
- naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids (4)
- non-covalent interactions (4)
- organic solar cells (4)
- oxidation (4)
- photoinduced electron transfer (4)
- ruthenium complexes (4)
- sphingolipids (4)
- structural elucidation (4)
- supramolekulare Chemie (4)
- transient absorption (4)
- 4-0xadiazin-6-ones (3)
- Absolute Configuration (3)
- Aminosäuren (3)
- Amphiphile Verbindungen (3)
- Anthracenderivate (3)
- Aromatically annulated triquinacenes (3)
- Aromatisch anellierte Triquinacene (3)
- C-C coupling (3)
- Chirality (3)
- Circular Dichroism (3)
- Cycloadditions (3)
- DNS-Schädigung (3)
- Deoxyribozymes (3)
- Enantioselektivität (3)
- Energietransfer (3)
- Exzitonenkopplung (3)
- Fluorescence (3)
- Fotokatalyse (3)
- HPLC (3)
- Hydrogel (3)
- J- and H-Aggregate (3)
- J- and H-Aggregates (3)
- Kohlenhydrate (3)
- Merocyanin (3)
- Naphthylisochinoline (3)
- Natural products (3)
- Oligomere (3)
- Organischer Halbleiter (3)
- Peptidsynthese (3)
- Photochemie (3)
- Polycyclische Aromaten (3)
- Quantenchemie (3)
- RNA modification (3)
- Rezeptor (3)
- Ruthenium Komplexe (3)
- Scheibe-Aggregat (3)
- Self-Assembly (3)
- Stereochemie (3)
- Triphyophyllum peltatum (3)
- Triquinacenderivate (3)
- Wasser (3)
- absolute configuration (3)
- annulation (3)
- aromaticity (3)
- artificial photosynthesis (3)
- biosynthesis (3)
- cell imaging (3)
- ceramide (3)
- ceramides (3)
- click chemistry (3)
- curved hydrocarbons (3)
- deoxyribozymes (3)
- electron transfer (3)
- functionalization (3)
- gekrümmte Kohlenwasserstoffe (3)
- homogeneous catalysis (3)
- isolation (3)
- kinetics (3)
- liquid crystals (3)
- macrocycle (3)
- macrocycles (3)
- merocyanines (3)
- metallosupramolecular chemistry (3)
- molecular docking (3)
- naphthalene diimide (3)
- nicht-kovalente Wechselwirkungen (3)
- organic photodiodes (3)
- organische Solarzelle (3)
- pentacene (3)
- polymers (3)
- spectroscopy (3)
- transient absorption spectroscopy (3)
- triarylamine (3)
- 10-bis(dicarboximide)> (2)
- 2 (2)
- 4-0xadiazine-2-carboxylate (2)
- 4:9 (2)
- 6 (2)
- Absolute Konfiguration (2)
- Anorganische Chemie (2)
- Antimalariamittel (2)
- Aptamer (2)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (2)
- Azoalkene (2)
- Benzvalen (2)
- Bioaktive Verbindungen (2)
- Bioorganik (2)
- Bioorganische Chemie (2)
- Biradikal (2)
- Bispidinderivate (2)
- C-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids (2)
- Carbocations (2)
- Chemische Reaktion (2)
- Chili RNA Aptamer (2)
- Chlorinderivate (2)
- Circular-Dichroismus (2)
- Columnare Phase (2)
- Computational chemistry (2)
- Corannulene (2)
- Cyaninfarbstoff (2)
- Cycloadditionen (2)
- DBH (2)
- Design (2)
- Dichtefunktionalformalismus (2)
- Dipolare Cycloaddition (2)
- Donator <Chemie> (2)
- Dyade (2)
- Dyes (2)
- Dünnschichttransistor (2)
- Elektronenspinresonanzspektroskopie (2)
- Energy Transfer (2)
- Enol Iactones (2)
- Enzyminhibitor (2)
- Epitranscriptomics (2)
- Epoxidation (2)
- Epoxidierung (2)
- Exciton coupling (2)
- FRET (2)
- Festkörper-NMR (2)
- Festkörperoberfläche (2)
- Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (2)
- Flüssigkristalle (2)
- Fotovoltaik (2)
- Fulleren (2)
- Fullerene (2)
- G-quadruplexes (2)
- Galectine (2)
- Gold (2)
- Guanidiniocarbonylpyrrol (2)
- HPLC-CD-Kopplung (2)
- Helix-Coil-Transition (2)
- Helix-Knäuel-Umwandlung (2)
- Holothuria spinifera (2)
- Infektionskrankheiten (2)
- Isolation (2)
- Isolierung (2)
- J‐aggregates (2)
- Ketenes (2)
- Kohlenwasserstoffe (2)
- Käfigverbindungen (2)
- LC-HRESIMS (2)
- Leishmaniose (2)
- Liquid Crystal (2)
- Liquid Crystals (2)
- Magnetfeldeffekt (2)
- Makrocyclische Verbindungen (2)
- Makrozyklus (2)
- Merocyanine dyes (2)
- Mesogen (2)
- Methyltransferase (2)
- Molecular Recognition (2)
- N (2)
- Nanosegregation (2)
- Naphthochinone (2)
- Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids (2)
- Naturstoffchemie (2)
- Nucleoside (2)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (2)
- Optical Spectroscopy (2)
- Organic Synthesis (2)
- Organische Solarzelle (2)
- Organischer Feldeffekttransistor (2)
- Organokatalyse (2)
- PNA (2)
- Parkinson (2)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Perylen (2)
- Perylenbisdicarboximide (2)
- Perylenbisdicarboximide <Perylen-3 (2)
- Perylenbisimide (2)
- Perylene bisimide (2)
- Photochemistry (2)
- Photolyse (2)
- Photolysis (2)
- Photophysik (2)
- Photosensibilisator (2)
- Polarität (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2)
- Polyketide (2)
- Porphyrin (2)
- Porphyrine (2)
- QSAR (2)
- RNA Enzymes (2)
- RNA labeling (2)
- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2)
- RNS (2)
- Radikal <Chemie> (2)
- Raumfüllung (2)
- Ringöffnungspolymerisation (2)
- Rutheniumkomplexe (2)
- Screening (2)
- Selbstassoziation (2)
- Singlet Oxygen (2)
- Singulettsauerstoff (2)
- Sphingolipide (2)
- Spinchemie (2)
- Sternmesogene (2)
- Structural elucidation (2)
- Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungsstudien (2)
- Thermotroper Flüssigkristall (2)
- Total synthesis (2)
- Transiente Absorption (2)
- Triarylamin (2)
- Triphyophyllum (2)
- UV/Vis spectroscopy (2)
- Vanadium (2)
- Viskosität (2)
- Wirkmechanismus (2)
- Wirt-Gast-Beziehung (2)
- X-ray crystallography (2)
- XNA (2)
- Zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionaltheorie (2)
- Zellkultur (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- axial chirality (2)
- azulene (2)
- boron (2)
- bulk polarity (2)
- cage compounds (2)
- cerebrosides (2)
- charge separation (2)
- charge transfer (2)
- chirality transfer (2)
- combinatorial chemistry (2)
- cooperativity (2)
- corannulene (2)
- crystal engineering (2)
- cyclophanes (2)
- cytotoxic activity (2)
- cytotoxicity (2)
- density functional calculations (2)
- dimer (2)
- dye (2)
- dynamic covalent chemistry (2)
- epitranscriptomics (2)
- epoxidation (2)
- fullerenes (2)
- guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole (2)
- helicenes (2)
- hexahydro- (2)
- homogenous catalysis (2)
- hydrogen bonding (2)
- hydrolysis (2)
- infectious diseases (2)
- intervalence charge transfer (2)
- lysosome (2)
- malaria (2)
- marine natural product (2)
- mechanism (2)
- methyl 6-oxo-5-phenyl- (2)
- mode of action (2)
- molecular recognition (2)
- nanographene (2)
- nanosegregation (2)
- natural products (2)
- oligothiophenes (2)
- organic photovoltaics (2)
- organic semiconductor (2)
- organic semiconductors (2)
- organic solar cell (2)
- organic synthesis (2)
- peptides (2)
- perylene bisimides (2)
- phosphorescence (2)
- polymer-peptide-conjugate (2)
- polymerization (2)
- preparation (2)
- radical (2)
- redox cascade (2)
- renewable fuels (2)
- rotational unsymmetric substituents (2)
- rotationsunsymmetrische Substituenten (2)
- self-sorting (2)
- singlet oxygen (2)
- site-specific RNA cleavage (2)
- solid-state emitters (2)
- solvatochromism (2)
- solvent effects (2)
- squaraine dyes (2)
- stereoselektive Synthese (2)
- streptomyces (2)
- structure-activity-relationship studies (2)
- supercritical solvents (2)
- superkritische Lösungsmittel (2)
- supramolecular (2)
- supramolekular (2)
- synthesis (2)
- thermodynamics (2)
- thin film transistor (2)
- thiol-ene (2)
- triplet (2)
- triquinacene derivatives (2)
- two-photon absorption (2)
- two-photon excited fluorescence (2)
- vanadium (2)
- viscisity (2)
- water (2)
- y-oxo- (2)
- "steepest descent-modest ascent" (1)
- "steilsten Abstieg - schwächste Aufstieg" (1)
- 'Lacton-Konzept' (1)
- 'lactone concept' (1)
- (bi)pyridine-based ligand (1)
- 0]hexane (1)
- 1' -c]naphthalene (1)
- 1-aryl- (1)
- 1-dibromo-1a (1)
- 10 (1)
- 11-dihydro- / 1-Pyrazoline (1)
- 2"-> (1)
- 2':6' (1)
- 2-Bismethylenecyclobutanes (1)
- 2-Bismethylenecyclohexane (1)
- 2-Cyclopentanedione derivatives (1)
- 2-Norcaranols (1)
- 2-photon absorption (1)
- 2-α:2' (1)
- 3-Azabicyclo{3 (1)
- 3-Cyclopenrtandiyl Radikalkationen (1)
- 3-Cyclopentanediyl Radical Cations (1)
- 3-Methenonaphthalenes (1)
- 3-aryl- (1)
- 3-cyclohexadiene (1)
- 3-n-butyl-N-phenyl- (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4-Pentadienylamine (1)
- 4-tetrahydro- (1)
- 4</sup>.0<sup>3 (1)
- 4]0xadiazino[4 (1)
- 4]non-7-en-6-ylpotassium (1)
- 4a (1)
- 5 (1)
- 5'-O-Methyldioncophylline D (1)
- 5-b]isoquinolin-1-one derivatives (1)
- 5-dinitrobenzoates (1)
- 5</sup>]beptanes (1)
- 5H-Dibenzo[a (1)
- 5]cyclohepta[ 1 (1)
- 6-Norpinanols (1)
- 6-Norpinyl 3 (1)
- 6-Thiatricyclo[3.2.1.o 2.7 ]oct-3-ene 6 (1)
- 6-aryl- (1)
- 6-dibromo-3-phenyl- (1)
- 6-dioxide (1)
- 6-phenyl (1)
- 6H-1 (1)
- 6a-Tetrahydro-2H-cyclobuta[b]pyrans (1)
- 7 (1)
- 7-Norcaranylidene carbenoid (1)
- 7-dibromo (1)
- 7</sup>]heptane derivatives (1)
- 7b-tetrahydro- (1)
- 8 (1)
- 8-Tetrahydro-3H-2-benzopyrans (1)
- 8a-Tetrahydro-2H-1-benzopyran (1)
- 9-Oxabispidin (1)
- 9-Oxabispidine (1)
- 9-oxabispidine (1)
- 9-oxabispidines (1)
- A-D-A dyes (1)
- A. abbreviatus (1)
- A. likoko (1)
- ADME analysis (1)
- AIE (1)
- API (1)
- Absolutkonfiguration (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Acetophenon (1)
- Acetylneuraminsäure <N-> (1)
- Ackerschmalwand (1)
- Acridiziniumsalze (1)
- Actinomyceten (1)
- Actinomycetes (1)
- Adhäsion (1)
- Adiabatische Kalorimetrie (1)
- Adipic acid (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Aggregate (1)
- Aktiver Transport (1)
- Akzeptor <Chemie> (1)
- Aldehyde Bioconjugation (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Alkaloid (1)
- Alkaloide (1)
- Alkene (1)
- Alkine (1)
- Alkoxylierung (1)
- Alkoxylradikale (1)
- Alkoxylradikals (1)
- Alkyltransferase Ribozyme SAMURI (1)
- Allenes (1)
- Allylalkohol (1)
- Allylalkohole (1)
- Allylic Amination (1)
- Allylische Aminierung (1)
- Aloe <Gattung> (1)
- Aloe saponaria (1)
- Alzheimer′s disease (1)
- Amino Acid Extraction (1)
- Amino Acid Transport (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Aminosäurentransport (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Analysis of RNA Modifications (1)
- Anchimeric assistance in solvolysis (1)
- Ancistrocladinium A (1)
- Ancistrocladus benomensis (1)
- Ancistrocladus cochinchinenesis (1)
- Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis (1)
- Ancistrocladus ealaensis (1)
- Ancistrocladus griffithii (1)
- Ancistrocladus likoko (1)
- Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis (1)
- Ancistrogriffin (1)
- Ancistrogriffine (1)
- Ancistrogriffithin A (1)
- Ancistrogriffithine A (1)
- Ancistrolikokine E3 (1)
- Anellierung (1)
- Anion (1)
- Anode (1)
- Anthracen (1)
- Anthracene derivatives (1)
- Anthrachinonderivate (1)
- Anthrachinonfarbstoff (1)
- Anti-infectious activity (1)
- Antiausterity activity (1)
- Antidesma (1)
- Antidesma membranaceum (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antimicrobial proteins (1)
- Antimikrobielle Aktivitäten (1)
- Antimikrobieller Wirkstoff (1)
- Antitumor-Antibiotikum (1)
- Antitumor-antibitioc (1)
- Antitumorale Wirkstoffe (1)
- Antiviral nucleoside analogues (1)
- Aplysiapyranoide (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Arene-Fluoroarene (1)
- Aromatic-hydrocarbon (1)
- Artificial Base Pair (1)
- Aspergillus niger (1)
- Asymmetric synthesis (1)
- Atomic and molecular interactions with photons (1)
- Atropisomere (1)
- Atropisomerie (1)
- Auflösungsraten (1)
- Ausrichtung (1)
- Axialchiralität (1)
- Axiale Chiralität (1)
- Azomethinylide (1)
- B3LYP Clusternäherung (1)
- BMP-2 (1)
- BMP-2 delivery (1)
- Bacillus anthracis (1)
- Bacillus megaterium (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bakteriochlorophyll (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Barbaralane derivatives (1)
- Barbituric Acid Merocyanines (1)
- Base pairing (1)
- Basenpaarung (1)
- Benzocycloheptene derivatives (1)
- Benzodiphenanthrenotriquinacen (1)
- Benzvalene (1)
- Berechnung (1)
- Biaryle (1)
- Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane derivatives (1)
- Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (1)
- Bicyclo[1.1.0]butylcarbinyl sulfonates (1)
- Bicyclo[2.1.l]hexan-5-one (1)
- Bicyclo[3.2.0.0<sup>2 (1)
- Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene derivatives (1)
- Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-yl anions (1)
- Bicyclobutanderivate (1)
- Bicyclobutane (1)
- Bicyclobutanes (1)
- Bindungslängenalternanz (1)
- Bindungslängenalternanz in Aromaten (1)
- Bingel-Hirsch-Reaktion (1)
- Bioactivity (1)
- Bioaktivität (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biocompatibility (1)
- Biodegradable polymer scaffolds (1)
- Biogenese (1)
- Biogenesis Ancistrocladus griffithii (1)
- Biomaterial (1)
- Bioorganic Chemistry (1)
- Bioorganic chemistry (1)
- Bioorthogonal (1)
- Bioorthogonal Tag (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotinylation (1)
- Biotinylierung (1)
- Bisbenzo[ 4 (1)
- Bispidin (1)
- Bodipy (1)
- Bola-Amphiphil (1)
- Bond length alternation in aromatics (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen (1)
- Bor-dotiert (1)
- Borane (1)
- Boron-Nitrogen Dative Bond (1)
- Butadien (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-verknüpfte Naphthylisochinolin-Alkaloide (1)
- CCL2 (MCP-1) (1)
- CD-Spectra (1)
- CD-Spektren (1)
- CD4+ T cells (1)
- CD8+ T cells (1)
- CE-oTOF-MS (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CVD-Diamant (1)
- CVD-Verfahren (1)
- CXCL8 (IL-8) (1)
- Caco-2 (1)
- Cage (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Calix[4]aren (1)
- Calluskultur (1)
- Carbazolderivate (1)
- Carbene insertion (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbonylverbindung (1)
- Carbonylverbindungen (1)
- Carboxylat-Rezeptor (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Charge-transfer-Komplexe (1)
- Chemical Sensor (1)
- Chemical Synthesis (1)
- Chemical modification (1)
- Chemische Bindung (1)
- Chemischer Sensor (1)
- Chemosensor (1)
- Chinodimethane (1)
- Chinolizinderivate (1)
- Chinoliziniumsalze (1)
- Chirale Verbindungen (1)
- Chirality Transfer (1)
- Chloral (1)
- Chloral (Trichloracetaldehyd) (1)
- Chlorin (1)
- Chlorophyllderivate (1)
- Chloroquin (1)
- Chromophore (1)
- Chromophore Assembly (1)
- Chromophores (1)
- Circular Dichroismus (1)
- Circular dichroism (1)
- Clostridium botulin (1)
- Clustermodell (1)
- Co-Crystal Structures of Chili RNA (1)
- Combinatorial Method Development (1)
- Computerchemie (1)
- Congo (1)
- Congolese Ancistrocladus plants (1)
- Conjugated polymers (1)
- Coordination Polymer (1)
- Cope-Umlagerung (1)
- Coronaviren (1)
- Corrole (1)
- Coupled-Cluster Theory (1)
- Coupled-Cluster-Theorie (1)
- Covalent Organic Framework (1)
- Crosslinker (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Cryoelectron Microscopy (1)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (1)
- Crystal structure of MTR1 (1)
- Curtin / Hammett Verhalten (1)
- Curtin / Hammett-Behavior (1)
- Cyanin (1)
- Cyclic Allenes (1)
- Cyclic peptides (1)
- Cyclische Allene (1)
- Cyclische Verbindungen (1)
- Cycloaddition (1)
- Cycloalkene (1)
- Cycloallene dimerization (1)
- Cyclobuta[c}pyridines (1)
- Cyclobutylcarbinyl sulfonates (1)
- Cyclohept-3-en-1-ols (1)
- Cyclooctine (1)
- Cyclooctyne (1)
- Cyclopenta[c]pyran-3(5H)-on (1)
- Cyclopenta[c]pyran-3(7H)-on (1)
- Cyclopenta[c]pyrane (1)
- Cyclopentadienderivate (1)
- Cyclopentapyrane (1)
- Cyclophan (1)
- Cyclopropanetetracarbonitrile derivatives (1)
- Cyclovoltammetrie (1)
- DNA catalysis (1)
- DNA catalyst (1)
- DNA-based nanostructures (1)
- DNA-processing enzymes (1)
- DNA/RNA binding (1)
- DNA/RNA sensors (1)
- DOSY-NMR (1)
- Deagglomerierung (1)
- Demethylase (1)
- Demethylierung (1)
- Demokratische Republik Kongo (1)
- Deoxyribozyme (1)
- Detonationsdiamant (1)
- Di-Pi-Methan-Umlagerung (1)
- Di-pi-methane-rearrangement (1)
- Diarylethen (1)
- Diarylethene (1)
- Diarylethylene (1)
- Diastereoselectivity (1)
- Diastereoselektivität (1)
- Dibenzobarrelene (1)
- Dicarboximide (1)
- Dicarboximides (1)
- Dichtebestimmung in Theorie und Experiment (1)
- Dictyota (1)
- Dictyotaceae (1)
- Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- Diels-Alder-Reaktion (1)
- Dihydrooxazole (1)
- Diketopyrrolopyrrol (1)
- Dimer (1)
- Dimer-Konfiguration (1)
- Dimere (1)
- Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids (1)
- Dimers (1)
- Dioncochinon B (1)
- Dioncophyllaceae (1)
- Dioncophylline C (1)
- Dioncoquinone B (1)
- Dioxetan (1)
- Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwir (1)
- Dipolmoment (1)
- Diradicals (1)
- Diradikalen (1)
- Doering-Moore-Skattebol-Reaction (1)
- Doering-Moore-Skattebol-Reaktion (1)
- Donor (1)
- Donor-Akzeptor-Dyaden (1)
- Donor-Photosensibilisator-Akzeptor Triade (1)
- Donor−acceptor dyads (1)
- Dotierung (1)
- Drug Delivery System (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- ECD-Spektroskopie (1)
- EPR (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- Effectors in plant pathology (1)
- Einschlusskomplexe (1)
- Einzelmolekülmikroskopie (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Electron (1)
- Electron Transfer (1)
- Electron demand in ditosylates (1)
- Electron density (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electronic Circular Dichroism (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektronendichte (1)
- Elektronendichtebestimmung (1)
- Elektronischer Circulardichroismus (1)
- Embedded Clustermodell (1)
- Emission (1)
- En-Reaktion (1)
- En-Synthese (1)
- Enantioselectivity (1)
- Encarbamat (1)
- Endorezeptor (1)
- Ene Reaction (1)
- Enecarbamate (1)
- Energieaufnahme (1)
- Energietransfer <Mikrophysik> (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Enolether (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzym-Screening (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Enzymkinetik (1)
- Episulfid (1)
- Epitranskriptom (1)
- Eriodictyon californicum (1)
- Esterasen (1)
- Ethylenglykolderivate (1)
- Euphorbiaceae (1)
- Exciton Coupling (1)
- Excitons (1)
- FLEXS (1)
- FT-IR spectroscopy (1)
- Farbstoffe (1)
- Farbstoffe/Pigmente (1)
- Farbstoffsynthese (1)
- Feeding experiment (1)
- Festkörper (1)
- Festphasenpeptidsynthese (1)
- Festphasensynthese (1)
- Fiels-effect transistors (1)
- Fluorescence and Crosslinking (1)
- Fluoreszenz-Assay (1)
- Fluoreszenzaktivierung (1)
- Fluoreszenzresonanz-Energietransfer (1)
- Fluoreszenzschalter (1)
- Fluoreszenzsolvatochromie (1)
- Fluoreszenzsonde (1)
- Fluoreszenzspektrometer (1)
- Fluoreszenzspektroskopie (1)
- Fluorogenic RNA Aptamers (1)
- Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion (1)
- Foldamers (1)
- Fotochemische Reaktion (1)
- Freiraumfüllung (1)
- Fulleren-Netzwerk (1)
- Fullerenderivate (1)
- Functional nucleic acids (1)
- Functionalisation (1)
- Functionalization (1)
- Fungal host response (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Funktionelle Polymere (1)
- Furanderivate (1)
- Gaborochinone A und B (1)
- Gaboroquinone A und B (1)
- Galabiose (1)
- Garcinia biflavonoids (1)
- Gelieren (1)
- Gespannte Ringe (1)
- Gespannte Verbindungen (1)
- Gibbs activation energy (1)
- Glucosinolat (1)
- Glucosinolate (1)
- Glucosyltransferasen (1)
- Glycochip (1)
- Glycoengineering (1)
- Glycosyltransferase (1)
- Glykane (1)
- Gold Nanoparticles (1)
- Gold Nanopartikel (1)
- Golgi (1)
- Graphene nanoribbons (1)
- Growth; BMP-2 (1)
- Grün fluoreszierendes Protein (1)
- Guanidinium Cations (1)
- Guanidiniumverbindungen (1)
- Guanin (1)
- H-Aggregate (1)
- H-bonds (1)
- HIV (1)
- HPLC-CD (1)
- HPLC-CD coupling (1)
- HPLC-CD-NMR (1)
- HPLC-ECD-Kopplung (1)
- HPLC-ECD-coupling (1)
- HPLC-ESI-MS-MS-Analytik (1)
- HPLC-ESI-MS-MS-analysis (1)
- HPLC-MS (1)
- HPLC-NMR coupling (1)
- HPLC-NMR-Kopplung (1)
- HRMS (1)
- Halbleiter (1)
- Halogene (1)
- Halonium ions (1)
- Hamilton-Rezeptor (1)
- Heilpflanzen (1)
- Hekate (1)
- Helicen (1)
- Helicene diimide (1)
- Helicität <Chemie> (1)
- Helix- and Zick-Zack-Konformere (1)
- Helix- and Zig-Zag-Conformers (1)
- Heteroaggregate (1)
- Heteroaggregates (1)
- Heterosolarzelle (1)
- Hexaarylbenzene (1)
- Hexaarylbenzole (1)
- High efficiency (1)
- High performance (1)
- High-Throughput Sequencing Method, DZ-seq (1)
- Higher-order Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- Homo Diels-Alder reactions (1)
- Homoaromaticity in carbanions (1)
- Homobenzvalene (1)
- Host-Guest-Chemistry (1)
- Hybride (1)
- Hydroboration (1)
- Hydroborierung (1)
- Hydrogen bond (1)
- Hydrogen-Bond (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrophober Effekt (1)
- Hydroxycarbonsäureester (1)
- Hydroxycarbonsäuren (1)
- Hyperfine coupling constants (1)
- II-VI Halbleiter (1)
- Immobilisiertes Enzym (1)
- In-vitro (1)
- Indirect and direct contributions to A<sub>iso</sub> (1)
- Infektionskrankheit (1)
- Infektionsprozesse (1)
- Influence of excitation classes (1)
- Inhibitor (1)
- Intensity (1)
- Intermolecular Interactions (1)
- Intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Intervalenzladungstransfer (1)
- Intervalenzverbindungen (1)
- Iridium-Photosensibilisator (1)
- Iridiumkomplexe (1)
- Isomorphe Nukleobasen-Analoga (1)
- Isoquinolines (1)
- J-Aggregat (1)
- J-Aggregate (1)
- J-Aggregates (1)
- J-aggregate (1)
- J-aggregate behavior (1)
- J-aggregates (1)
- Jozimine A2 (1)
- Jurkat cells (1)
- K-region (1)
- K2–K model (1)
- Kannenpflanze (1)
- Katalysatorimmobilisierung (1)
- Ketone (1)
- Kinetic Self-assembly (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Knipholon (1)
- Knipholone (1)
- Kohlenstoff (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindung (1)
- Kohlenstoffnanozwiebel (1)
- Kohn-Sham Orbitale (1)
- Kohn-Sham Orbitals (1)
- Kolloid (1)
- Kolloid / Lösung <Chemie> (1)
- Kolloidalstabilität (1)
- Kombinatorische Chemie (1)
- Komplexierung (1)
- Kondensiertes Ringsystem (1)
- Konfiguration (1)
- Konfiguration <Chemie> (1)
- Konformeren (1)
- Konglomerat (1)
- Kongo (1)
- Kooperativität (1)
- Koordinationsisomerie (1)
- Koordinationspolymer (1)
- Koordinationspolymere (1)
- Kraftfeld (1)
- Kraftmikroskopie (1)
- Krebs <Medizin> (1)
- Kristalloberfläche (1)
- Kupplungsreaktion (1)
- LC-CD (1)
- Lacton concept (1)
- Lacton-Konzept (1)
- Lactone conformations (1)
- Ladungstrennung (1)
- Lebende Polymerisation (1)
- Lectins (1)
- Leitfähige Polymere (1)
- Levansucrase (1)
- Lichtabsorption (1)
- Lichtsammelsystem (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Liganden-Design (1)
- Light-emitting diodes (1)
- Line-shape analysis (1)
- Lipidmembran (1)
- Lippert–Mataga plot (1)
- Liquid-crystalline (1)
- Living Polymerisation (1)
- Long-range coupling constants (1)
- Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) (1)
- Lösungsmitte (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- MALDI-MS (1)
- MAS (1)
- METTL8 (1)
- MRCI (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Mahlen (1)
- Mandibular continuity defects (1)
- Mangan (1)
- Marcus inverted region (1)
- Marine Pilze (1)
- Marrow stromal cells (1)
- Masernvirus (1)
- Masernvirus Inhibitoren (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Mechanismus (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Membrane Carrier (1)
- Membrantransport (1)
- Merocyanine Dye (1)
- Merocyanine dye (1)
- Merocyaninfarbstoffe (1)
- Mesenchymal transition (1)
- Metabolic Glycoengineering (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metabolit (1)
- Metaheuristik-Suchmethoden (1)
- Metall-Ion (1)
- Metallosupramolecular chemistry (1)
- Methylierung (1)
- Methyltransferase Ribozyme (1)
- Methyltransferase Ribozyme MTR1 (1)
- Michael addition (1)
- Michael-Addition (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microenvironment (1)
- Migratory aptitudes in carbocations (1)
- Mitochondrial Matrix Protein (1)
- Mizellen (1)
- Mode Selectivity (1)
- Modified Nucleotides in tRNAs (1)
- Molecular Modelling (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecular mechanism (1)
- Molecular probes (1)
- Molecular-dynamics (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Molekulardesign (1)
- Molekül (1)
- Moleküldynamik (1)
- Moleküloptimierung (1)
- Moller-Plesset (1)
- Molnupiravir (1)
- Molnupiravir-Induced RNA Mutagenesis Mechanism (1)
- Monoschicht (1)
- Mulliken-Hush (1)
- Multi Reference (1)
- Multibranched structures (1)
- Multiheteroatom-Cope-Rearrangement (1)
- Multiheteroatom-Cope-Umlagerungen (1)
- Multiple Myeloma (1)
- Multiples Myelom (1)
- Multireferenz (1)
- N-acetyllactosamine (1)
- N-oleoyl serinol (1)
- N6-methyladenosine (1)
- N6-methyladenosine (m6A) (1)
- NDI-H (1)
- NIQs (1)
- NIR (1)
- NIR OLED (1)
- NIR chromophore (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NV-Zentren (1)
- Nahordnung (1)
- Nanodiamond (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostrukturen (1)
- Naphthacenderivate (1)
- Naphthalinbisimid (1)
- Naphthalinderivate (1)
- Naphthalindiimid (1)
- Naphthochinonen (1)
- Naphthoquinones (1)
- Naphthyl Isoquinolines (1)
- Naphthylisochinolin alkaloide (1)
- Naphthylisochinolin-Alkaloid (1)
- Naphthylisoindolinone alkaloids (1)
- Naphthylisoquinolin (1)
- Naphthylisoquinoline (1)
- Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid (1)
- Naphthylisoquinolines (1)
- Natural product (1)
- Natural product isolation (1)
- Naturstoffisolation (1)
- Neighbouring group participation (1)
- Neisseria (1)
- Nematische Phase (1)
- Nepenthaceae (1)
- Nepenthes (1)
- Neuromelanin (1)
- Neurotoxine (1)
- Nicht-Fulleren Akzeptor (1)
- Nitrosoaren (1)
- Nitrosoarene (1)
- Nitroxolin (1)
- Non-Fullerene Acceptor (1)
- Non-linear optics (1)
- Nonbonded Interactions (1)
- Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials (1)
- Norcaranes (1)
- Norpinanes (1)
- Norrish-Typ-II-Yang-Cyclisierung (1)
- Norrish-Type-II-Yang-cyclization (1)
- Nucleic Acids (1)
- Nucleic acids (1)
- Nucleobase Analogue (1)
- Nucleobase Surrogate Incorporation (1)
- Nucleosidanaloga (1)
- Nukleinsäure (1)
- O-Heterocyclen (1)
- O-heterocycles (1)
- OEG chains (1)
- OFETs (1)
- OLC (1)
- OLED (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Oberflächenanalytik (1)
- Oberflächenstruktur (1)
- Octavalen (1)
- Oligofructoside (1)
- Oligomers and Polymers (1)
- Oligonucleotide (1)
- Oligopeptide (1)
- Onbead-Enzymscreening (1)
- One-photon (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optical spectroscopy (1)
- Optimierungsmethoden (1)
- Optimization methods (1)
- Optische Spektroskopie (1)
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- Organell (1)
- Organelle (1)
- Organelles (1)
- Organic Field-Effect Transistor (1)
- Organic field-effect transistor (1)
- Organic semiconductors (1)
- Organische Halbleiter (1)
- Organische Photovoltaik (1)
- Organisierte Medien (1)
- Organized media (1)
- Organo catalysis (1)
- Organobor (1)
- Organokatalysatoren (1)
- Orientation (1)
- Oxazolidinon (1)
- Oxazolidinone (1)
- Oxidativer Stress (1)
- Oxo-Anionen-Erkennung (1)
- Ozon (1)
- PBI cyclophane (1)
- PEDOT (1)
- PI stacking (1)
- PKS (1)
- Pancreatic cancer (1)
- Paracyclophane (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Pathway (1)
- Pentacen (1)
- Pentamethincyanine (1)
- Pentenol (1)
- Pentenole (1)
- Peptid-Nucleinsäuren (1)
- Peptidbibliothek (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Peroxyl (1)
- Perylen-Farbstoffe (1)
- Perylenbisanhydrid (1)
- Perylenbisimiden (1)
- Perylenbisimides (1)
- Perylendianhydrid (1)
- Perylene Bisimides (1)
- Perylentetracarbonsäurederivate (1)
- Pflanzeninhaltsstoff (1)
- Pflanzenzelle (1)
- Pflanzenzellkulturen (1)
- Pflanzliche Zellkultur (1)
- Phaeophyceae (1)
- Phenylanthrachinone (1)
- Phenylanthrachinones (1)
- Phosphatasen (1)
- Phosphoramidite (1)
- Phosphorylase (1)
- Photo-Biokatalyse (1)
- Photochemische Reaktion (1)
- Photochromie (1)
- Photoconductivity (1)
- Photoelektron (1)
- Photoresponsive DNA Crosslinker (1)
- Photoresponsives Verhalten (1)
- Photovoltaic (1)
- Photovoltaik (1)
- Phthalocyanin (1)
- Physikalische Chemie (1)
- Phytochemical investigations of a Congolese Ancistrocladus Liana (1)
- Phytochemie (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Plant cell cultures (1)
- Polyamin (1)
- Polycarbazole (1)
- Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Polyketides (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer-drug interaction (1)
- Polymeres Netzwerk (1)
- Polymerhalbleiter (1)
- Polymerkomplexe (1)
- Polymerkristall (1)
- Polymerlösung (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polymethinfarbstoff (1)
- Polymorphismus (1)
- Polysaccharide (1)
- Porosität (1)
- Porous Materials (1)
- Potential-energy curves (1)
- Primaquin (1)
- Propinolderivate (1)
- Protease (1)
- Protective Group Strategy (1)
- Protein Corona (1)
- Proteinadsorption (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinen mit antimikrobieller Wirkung (1)
- Proteinmodifikation (1)
- Proteinmodifizierung (1)
- Proteom (1)
- Proteomanalyse (1)
- Protonen-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Protonenreduktion (1)
- Präparative organische Chemie (1)
- Pyracen (1)
- Pyracylen (1)
- Pyramidalisierte Alkene (1)
- Pyramidalized Alkenes (1)
- Pyranonen (1)
- Pyrenderivate (1)
- Pyrene (1)
- Pyridonderivate (1)
- Pyrrolderivate (1)
- Pyrrolidin (1)
- Pyrrolidinderivate (1)
- QM/MM (1)
- Quadruplex-DNS (1)
- Quality assessment of antimalarial medicines from the Congo (1)
- Quantenchemische Rechnungen (1)
- Quantifizierung (1)
- Quantum Chemical CD Calculations (1)
- Quantum Chemical Calculations (1)
- Quantum mechanics / molecular modeling (1)
- Quasi-Newton-Verfahren (1)
- RAFT (1)
- RNA Aptamer (1)
- RNA G-quadruplex (1)
- RNA Labelling (1)
- RNA Methyltransferase (1)
- RNA Modification (1)
- RNA aptamers (1)
- RNA cleavage (1)
- RNA ligation (1)
- RNA modifications (1)
- RNA structures (1)
- RNA-Aptamere (1)
- RNA-Cleaving Deoxyribozymes (1)
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (1)
- RNA-catalyzed RNA methylation (1)
- RU-(II) complexes (1)
- Radical-ion pair (1)
- Radikal (1)
- Radikale (1)
- Radikalpaar (1)
- Raman (1)
- Rastertunnelmikroskopie (1)
- Reaktionskinetik (1)
- Rearrangement of carbocations (1)
- Redox-Kaskade (1)
- Redoxkaskade (1)
- Redoxreaktion (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Regioselektivität (1)
- Remdesivir (1)
- Reticular Chemistry (1)
- Rhodaminderivate (1)
- Ribozym (1)
- Ribozyme (1)
- Ribozyme-catalyzed RNA labeling (1)
- Ribozymes (1)
- Ring closing metathesis (1)
- Ringschlussmetathese (1)
- Ru(II)–Fe(II)–Ru(II) complex (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- Ruthenium-Photosensibilisator (1)
- Räumliche Anordnung (1)
- Röntgendiffraktometrie (1)
- SARS (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 polymerase (1)
- SARS-CoV2 Replication Impairment (1)
- SELEX (1)
- SERS (1)
- SIB (1)
- SacB (1)
- Sauerstoffradikal (1)
- Schiff-base (1)
- Schiffbase (1)
- Schiffsche Basen (1)
- Scholl reaction (1)
- Scholl-Reaktion (1)
- Schutzgruppenstrategie (1)
- Schwefel-Funktionalisierung (1)
- Schwefelatom (1)
- Schwefeldonor (1)
- Schwefelorganische Verbindungen (1)
- Schwefeltransfer (1)
- Schwämme (1)
- Schädigung (1)
- Scleractinia (1)
- Second coordination sphere engineering (1)
- Sekundärstruktur (1)
- Sekundärstrukturen (1)
- Selbstassemblierung in Wasser (1)
- Selektivität (1)
- Self-Assembly in Water (1)
- Self-Sortierung (1)
- Semiempirical Methods (1)
- Semiempirische Methode (1)
- Semiempirische Verfahren (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sialic acids (1)
- Sialinsäuren (1)
- Silanderivate (1)
- Siliziumrhodaminderivate (1)
- Simulations (1)
- Single-molecule microscopy (1)
- Sinus floor augmentation (1)
- Site-Specific RNA Cleavage (1)
- Site-specific RNA labelling (1)
- Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (1)
- Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Solution-state NMR (1)
- Solvatochromie (1)
- Solvolyse (1)
- Solvolysen (1)
- Solvolyses (1)
- Sonde (1)
- Sonogashira (1)
- Sonogashira-Hagihara-Reaktion (1)
- Space filling (1)
- Spartein (1)
- SpecDis (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speicher <Informatik> (1)
- Spektroelektrochemie (1)
- Spermin (1)
- Sphingolipid (1)
- Sphingolipidanaloga (1)
- Sphingolipidderivate (1)
- Sphingolipidstoffwechsel (1)
- Spin density (1)
- Spin flip (1)
- Spin labels (1)
- Spin-Sonde (1)
- Spin-chemistry (1)
- Spirokohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Spirotetracyclo[4.1.0.0<sup>2 (1)
- Sponges (1)
- Squamous-cell carcinoma (1)
- Squarain (1)
- Squarain Farbstoffe (1)
- Squarain-Farbstoff (1)
- Squaraine Dyes (1)
- Squaraine-Dye (1)
- Sracking (1)
- Stacking (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- State (1)
- Stereochemical Memory Effect (1)
- Stereochemischer Erinnerungseffekt (1)
- Stereochemistry (1)
- Stereoselective Synthesis (1)
- Stereoselektivität (1)
- Sternmesogen (1)
- Stokes-Verschiebung (1)
- Stokes-shifted fluorescence emission (1)
- Stone-Wales rearrangement (1)
- Stone-Wales-Umlagerung (1)
- Strained Rings (1)
- Streptomyces (1)
- Streptomyces axinellae (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structure Elucidation (1)
- Structure elucidation (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Struktursonden (1)
- Stylissa carteri (1)
- Substituent effects (1)
- Substituenten Effekte (1)
- Suc1 (1)
- Sulfur transfer (1)
- Sulfurierung (1)
- Supercap (1)
- Superkondensator (1)
- Supramolecular Block Copolymers (1)
- Supramolecular Element (1)
- Supramolecular Interaction (1)
- Supramolecular aggregates (1)
- Supramolecular electronics (1)
- Supramolekulare Aggregate (1)
- Supramolekulare Polymere (1)
- Supramolekül (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthetic Functional RNAs (1)
- Synthetischer Farbstoff (1)
- Systems (1)
- TD-DFT (1)
- TERRA RNA (1)
- Tabusuche (1)
- Targeting (1)
- Taxol (1)
- Terpyridinderivate <2 (1)
- Terrylenbisimid (1)
- Terrylenderivate (1)
- Terrylene bisimide (1)
- Tetraarylpyracene (1)
- Tetracenderivate (1)
- Tetracene derivatives (1)
- Tetrahydro-b-carboline (1)
- Tetrahydrodicyclopenta[fg,op]tetracen (1)
- Tetrahydrofuran (1)
- Tetrahydrofurane (1)
- Tetrakis(arylmethylene)ethane diradical (1)
- Tetralon (1)
- Tetralone (1)
- Thalassodendron ciliatum (1)
- Theoretical Chemistry (1)
- Theoretische Charakterisierung (1)
- Theoretische Chemie (1)
- Theorie (1)
- Thermodynamics (1)
- Thermolyse (1)
- Thiiran (1)
- Thiireniumion (1)
- Thiophen (1)
- Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (1)
- Time-dependent Density Functional Theory (1)
- Tiplet emiters (1)
- Tiplett Emitter (1)
- Titration (1)
- Tolane-Modified Fluorescent Nucleosides (1)
- Total Synthesis (1)
- Triad (1)
- Tribenzotriquinacen (1)
- Trichlorethylen (1)
- Tricyclo[3.3.1.0 2 (1)
- Tricyclo[4.1.0.0<sup>2.7</sup>]heptanes (1)
- Tricycloheptanderivate (1)
- Triplett (1)
- Tropische Pflanzen (1)
- Tumorigenicity (1)
- Tweezer-Rezeptoren (1)
- Two-photon absorption (1)
- Typselektivität (1)
- UV-VIS-Spektroskopi (1)
- UV-VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- UV-spectroscopy (1)
- UV/Vis-Absorption (1)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- Ultraviolettspektroskopie (1)
- Urazoles (1)
- V-förmige Mesogene (1)
- V-shaped mesogens (1)
- Vanadium(V)- und Cobalt(II)-katalysierte Oxidation (1)
- Vancomycin (1)
- Verfütterungsexperiment (1)
- Vergleich (1)
- Vermahlung (1)
- Vesikel (1)
- Vibronic contributions (1)
- Wasserlösliche Polymere (1)
- Wasseroxidationsreaktion (1)
- Wasserspaltung (1)
- Wasserstoffbrücken (1)
- Water (1)
- Water Oxidation (1)
- Wechselwirkung (1)
- Weitz-Scheffer Reaktion (1)
- Weitz-Scheffer reaction (1)
- Wirkstoff-Rezeptor-Bindung (1)
- Wirkstoff-Träger-System (1)
- Wirkstoffentwicklung (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wirt-Gast-Komplex-Chemie (1)
- Wirt-Gast-Mesogen (1)
- Wirts-Gast-Einschlusskomplex (1)
- X-Ray Diffraction (1)
- X-ray Crystallography (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- XRPD (1)
- Xanthin (1)
- YTH reader proteins (1)
- Yaoundamin A (1)
- Yaoundamine A (1)
- Zelladhäsion (1)
- Zinc Chlorin (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zinkchlorin (1)
- Zinkchlorine (1)
- Zwei-Sechs-Halbleiter (1)
- Zweidimensionale NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Zweiphotonenabsorption (1)
- [1 (1)
- [1.1.1]Propellan (1)
- [1.1.1]propellane (1)
- [2 + 2]- and [4 + 2]- (1)
- [FeFe] hydrogenase mimic (1)
- [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Imitator (1)
- [n]helicenes (1)
- \(\alpha\)-phase (1)
- \(\beta\)-phase (1)
- \(^{1}\)H-\(^{13}\)C HETCOR (1)
- abietane (1)
- absorption (1)
- acceptor (1)
- acetophenone (1)
- acridizinium salts (1)
- adsorption (1)
- aelf-assembly (1)
- alignment (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- alkaloids-Quinoid (1)
- alkene (1)
- alkene-alkyne [2+2] photocycloaddition (1)
- alkyne (1)
- allylic alcohols (1)
- alpha (1)
- alpha-Hydroxy carbon acids (1)
- amodiaquine (1)
- amphiphilic dyes (1)
- amplification (1)
- ancistrocladinium A (1)
- angeregte Zustände (1)
- annihilation (1)
- anthracene (1)
- anti-cancer-agent (1)
- anti-depressant drug (1)
- anti-trypanosomal (1)
- antibacterial activity (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antimicrobials (1)
- aplysiapyranoids (1)
- aqua material (1)
- aqueous medium (1)
- arene-fluoroarene (1)
- arenes (1)
- artemether - lumefantrine (1)
- artificial base pair (1)
- association (1)
- atomic mutagenesis (1)
- atropisomer (1)
- azaborole (1)
- azaphilone (1)
- azido-ceramides (1)
- azomethine ylide (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- bartalinia robillardoides (1)
- benzodiphenanthrenotriquinacene (1)
- benzvalene (1)
- biaxial nematogens (1)
- biaxiale Nematogene (1)
- bicyclic (1)
- biflavanoids (1)
- bile salt (1)
- bioactive compound (1)
- bioactivities (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biological activities (1)
- biological techniques (1)
- biologische Aktivitäten (1)
- biomass (1)
- bioorganic chemistry (1)
- bioorthogonal (1)
- bioorthogonal SAM analogue ProSeDMA (1)
- bioorthogonal metabolic glycoengineering; click chemistry; sialic acid (1)
- bioorthogonale Click-Chemie (1)
- bioorthogonale Markierung (1)
- biophysical investigation (1)
- biosynthetic investigations (1)
- biradical (1)
- bis-terpyridyl ligands (1)
- bispidine (1)
- board-shaped mesogens (1)
- bola-amphiphile (1)
- bondlength alternation (1)
- boric acid (1)
- boron-doped diamond (1)
- boronate esters (1)
- boronateesters (1)
- borylation (1)
- brettförmige Mesogene (1)
- brown seaweeds (1)
- bulk-heterojunction solar cells (1)
- calix[4]arene (1)
- capillary zone electrophoresis (1)
- carbohydrate chemistry (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbonyl (1)
- carboxylate receptor (1)
- carrier transport (1)
- cascade reactions (1)
- catalyst (1)
- catalyst synthesis (1)
- catalytic (1)
- catalytic DNA (1)
- catalytic mechanisms (1)
- cell membrane model (1)
- ceramidase (1)
- ceramide analogs (1)
- cerebroside (1)
- ceriops decandra (1)
- charge recombination (1)
- charge transport (1)
- charge transport; hydrogen bonding; oligothiophene; organogel; self-assembly (1)
- charge-separated state (1)
- chila catalysis (1)
- chiral ligands (1)
- chiral resolution (1)
- chirale Kathalyse (1)
- chirale Liganden (1)
- chloral (trichloroacetaldehyd) (1)
- chlorin (1)
- chlorophyll (1)
- circular polarized luminescence (1)
- circularly polarized luminescence (1)
- classical and nonclassical (1)
- co-aggregation (1)
- cocrystallization (1)
- colloid (1)
- columnar phases (1)
- complexation (1)
- complexity (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- configurational stability (1)
- conformation (1)
- conformational search (1)
- conjugated molecule (1)
- conjugation (1)
- cooperative (1)
- cooperative self-assembly (1)
- coordination oligomer (1)
- coordination polymer (1)
- covalent and site-specific RNA labeling (1)
- covalent organic framework (1)
- covalent organic frameworks (1)
- cristal engeneering (1)
- crystalline (1)
- crystals (1)
- curcumin (1)
- curvature (1)
- curved π-systems (1)
- cyclic / 1-0xa-2 (1)
- cyclic perylene bisimide (1)
- cyclic trimer (1)
- cyclic voltammetry (1)
- cyclische Trimere (1)
- cyclodehydrogenation (1)
- cyclopenta[c]pyran-3(5H)-one (1)
- cyclopenta[c]pyran-3(7H)-one (1)
- cyclopenta[c]pyrans (1)
- cyclophane (1)
- cylcoaddition (1)
- cylindrical micelles (1)
- cysteine protease (1)
- cytoplasm (1)
- dG (1)
- dSTORM (1)
- d]cycloheptene (1)
- damage (1)
- deagglmeration (1)
- decandrinin (1)
- demethylase enzymes FTO and ALKBH5 (1)
- deracemization (1)
- di-\(\pi\)-methane rearrangement (1)
- diamond (1)
- dibenzobarrelenes (1)
- dibenzosemibullvalenes (1)
- dicarboximide (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- diffusion (1)
- diketopyrrolopyrrole (1)
- diketopyrrolopyrroles (1)
- dimerer Naphthylisochinolin-Alkaloide (1)
- dimerization (1)
- dimers (1)
- dinuclear (1)
- dioxetane (1)
- dipolar aggregation (1)
- dipole-dipole interaction (1)
- discotic liquid crystals (1)
- discovery (1)
- dissolution rates (1)
- disulfide bonds (1)
- docking (1)
- docking studies (1)
- domain shift (1)
- donor-acceptor dyad (1)
- donor-acceptor dyads (1)
- donor-acceptor interactions (1)
- donor-photosensibilisator-acceptor triad (1)
- donor–acceptor (1)
- donor–acceptor dyads (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug release (1)
- drugs (1)
- duplex structure (1)
- dyad (1)
- dyads (1)
- dye assembly (1)
- dye chemistry (1)
- electrocatalysis (1)
- electronic collective variables (1)
- electronic structure (1)
- electronic wavefunction (1)
- emission (1)
- enantiomerization (1)
- enantiomers (1)
- enantioselective (1)
- enantioselektiv (1)
- endoreceptor (1)
- energy transfer dynamics (1)
- enol ether (1)
- enzym kinetic (1)
- enzyme (1)
- enzyme engineering (1)
- enzyme purification (1)
- enzyme screening (1)
- enzyme structure (1)
- enzymes (1)
- episulfide (1)
- ergosterol derivative (1)
- esterase (1)
- ethenoanthracenes (1)
- excimer (1)
- excimer formation (1)
- excited states (1)
- exciton dynamics (1)
- excitonic chirality (1)
- experimental and theoretical determination of electron density (1)
- extractives (1)
- ferroelectrics (1)
- films (1)
- flavenoids (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flourescence quantum yield (1)
- fluerescence (1)
- fluorenscence (1)
- fluorescence assay (1)
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1)
- fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence switches (1)
- fluorescent (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- fluorescent resonance energy transfer (1)
- fluorogen-activating RNA aptamer (FLAP) (1)
- fluoxetine (1)
- flux (1)
- folda-dimer (1)
- folded macrocyles (1)
- folding (1)
- folding landscapes (1)
- force field (1)
- fullerene network (1)
- functional dyes (1)
- galectin-1 (1)
- generation and rearrangement (1)
- global minimum (1)
- glucosinolates (1)
- glycocalyx (1)
- glycosphingolipids (1)
- gold (1)
- growth (1)
- guanine (1)
- guttiferae (1)
- hMSC-TERT (1)
- halbleitende Polymere (1)
- halichondria panicea (1)
- halogens (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- helicene (1)
- heterocycles (1)
- heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- hexaarylbenzenes (1)
- hexakisadducts (1)
- high-temperature NMR (1)
- highly substituted (1)
- hochauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- homochiral dimer (1)
- host-guest chemistry (1)
- host-guest mesogen (1)
- host-guest systems (1)
- host-guest-complexation (1)
- hybrid materials (1)
- hydrazone (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- imaging (1)
- imidization (1)
- impurity profiling (1)
- in vitro Selection (1)
- in vitro selection from a structured RNA library (1)
- induced phase transition (1)
- infectious disease (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inherent chirality (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- intermolecular applications of ribozymes (1)
- intersystem crossing (1)
- intervalence charge-transfer (1)
- intrinsic free space (1)
- invasion (1)
- inflammatory response (1)
- ion pairing (1)
- iridium complex (1)
- iridium photosensitizer (1)
- iron (1)
- iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- isomorphic nucleobase analog (1)
- isotropic hyper fine coupling (1)
- key structure - fluorescence activation relationships (SFARs) (1)
- kinetic study (1)
- kinetics of thermolysis (1)
- kinetische Untersuchung (1)
- kombinatorische Methodenentwicklung (1)
- kristalline Polymere mit Porösitäten (1)
- lH-Cyclopropa[a]naphthalenes (1)
- ladungsgetrennte Zustände (1)
- large Stokes shift (1)
- large stokes shift (1)
- laser (1)
- lectin (1)
- leishmaniasis (1)
- ligand binding (1)
- ligand design (1)
- light harvesting (1)
- light-induced interstrand DNA crosslinking (1)
- liposome (1)
- liquid crystal alignment (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- livingstonei (1)
- low-valent compounds (1)
- magnetic field effect (1)
- major depression (1)
- manganese (1)
- marine bacteria (1)
- marine fungi (1)
- marine macroalgae (1)
- marine natural products (1)
- marine sponge (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- materials design (1)
- measles (1)
- merocyanine (1)
- merocyanine dye (1)
- merocyanine dyes (1)
- merocyanine dyes/pigments (1)
- mesogens (1)
- metabolic analysis (1)
- metabolic glycoengineering (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metadynamics (1)
- metaheuristic methods (1)
- metal complexenes (1)
- metal-ion-ligand coordination (1)
- metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) (1)
- metallomacrocycles (1)
- metallosupramolecular π-amphiphiles (1)
- methyl viologen (1)
- methyltransferase (1)
- micelles (1)
- microbiology (1)
- microbiology techniques (1)
- microscopy (1)
- migration (1)
- minimal inhibitory concentration (1)
- mixed valence compunds (1)
- mobility (1)
- modified RNA nucleotides (1)
- modified monosaccharides (1)
- modified nucleosides (1)
- molecular (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular switches (1)
- molecules (1)
- molekulare Erkennung (1)
- molekularer Schalter (1)
- mtrogen extruston (1)
- multichromophoric arrays (1)
- multiflora (1)
- multimetallic complexes (1)
- n-type semiconductors (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanorods and nanosheets (1)
- nanoscale imaging (1)
- nanotube (1)
- naphthoquinone (1)
- naphthyl isoquinoline alkaloids (1)
- naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid (1)
- naphthylisoquinolines (1)
- napthylisoquinoline alkaloids (1)
- narrow bandwidth (1)
- near infrared chirality (1)
- near infrared emitter (1)
- near-IR chromophores (1)
- near-infrared sensitivity (1)
- neuromelanin (1)
- neurotoxine (1)
- neutral polyradical (1)
- neutrales Polyradikal (1)
- nicht kovalente Wechselwirkungen (1)
- non covalent interactions (1)
- non-fullerene acceptor (1)
- non-fullerene acceptors (1)
- noncovalent interactions (1)
- nonfullerene acceptors (1)
- nucleation elongation (1)
- nucleation-elongation (1)
- nucleation-elongation model (1)
- nucleic acid (1)
- nucleoside modification recognition (1)
- null-aggregate (1)
- o-Quinodimethane (1)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) (1)
- oligothiophene (1)
- on surface self-assembly (1)
- onbead enzym screening (1)
- optical materials (1)
- optical properties (1)
- optical spectroscopy (1)
- optically active hydroperoxides (1)
- optically active phase-transfer catalysts (1)
- optics (1)
- optisch aktive Hydroperoxide (1)
- optisch aktive Phasentransferkatalysatoren (1)
- optische Eigenschaften (1)
- organelle (1)
- organic semiconductors (1)
- organic light emitting diodes (1)
- organic sythesis (1)
- organic transistor (1)
- organische Chemie (1)
- organische Photovoltaik (1)
- organische Solarzellen (1)
- organische Synthese (1)
- organischer Feldeffekttransistor (1)
- organischer Transitor (1)
- organization (1)
- organocatalysis (1)
- organofunctionalized alkoxysilanes (1)
- organofunktionelle Alkoxysilane (1)
- organogelator (1)
- orylation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxo anion recognition (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- parallel polar dimers (1)
- parkinson (1)
- particles (1)
- pentaketide (1)
- pentenol (1)
- peptide backbone (1)
- peroxyl (1)
- perylene (1)
- perylene bisimide dimers (1)
- perylene bisimide dyes (1)
- perylene bisimide hydrogels (1)
- perylene bismide dye (1)
- perylene dyes (1)
- perylene imide (1)
- perylenebisimide (1)
- perylenebisimide dyes (1)
- phenazine (1)
- phenyl-substituted (1)
- phenylboronate (1)
- phosphatase (1)
- phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (1)
- photochemical (1)
- photochemistry (1)
- photoconductive interlayer (1)
- photoinduzierter Elektronentransfer (1)
- photoluminescence (1)
- photosenitizers (1)
- photosensitization (1)
- phthalocyanines (1)
- pi-pi Wechselwirkungen (1)
- pi-pi- stacking (1)
- plant cell culture (1)
- platinum complexes (1)
- pol(2-oxazoline) (1)
- polar solution (1)
- polare Lösung (1)
- polarizing optical microscopy (1)
- poly(2-oxazine) (1)
- poly(2-oxazoline)s (1)
- polyamine (1)
- polycarbazole (1)
- polycycles (1)
- polycyclic (1)
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (1)
- polyglycidol (1)
- polyketides (1)
- polymer drug interaction (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyoxazolines (1)
- polypyridyl complexes (1)
- porous materials (1)
- porousmaterials (1)
- porphyrin chemistry (1)
- porphyrins (1)
- position-specific installation of m1A in RNA (1)
- probe (1)
- probes (1)
- protease (1)
- protease inhibition (1)
- protein adsorption (1)
- protein crystallography (1)
- protein-ligand-interaction (1)
- proteome (1)
- proton reduction (1)
- push–pull thienylthiazole (1)
- pyracene (1)
- pyracylene (1)
- pyrene (1)
- pyrrolidine (1)
- qsar (1)
- quantenchemische Berechnungen (1)
- quantum chemical analysis (1)
- quantum optics (1)
- quaterrylene bisimide (1)
- quercetin (1)
- quinolizinium salts (1)
- rBAM2-labeled RNA strands (1)
- racemization (1)
- radical anion (1)
- radical ion pair (1)
- radicals (1)
- reabsorption (1)
- real-time NMR spectroscopy (1)
- rearrangement (1)
- recombinant proteins (1)
- redox (1)
- regulatory T cells (1)
- regulatory T cells (Treg) (1)
- resveratrol (1)
- reversible Verkapselung (1)
- reversible encapsulation (1)
- rhizophoraceae (1)
- ribozymes (1)
- rigidification (1)
- ring opening polymerisation (1)
- ring-opening polymerization (1)
- rofumilast (1)
- room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) (1)
- rotational diffusion (1)
- ruthenium (1)
- ruthenium bda complexes (1)
- ruthenium catalysts (1)
- ruthenium photosensitizer (1)
- sSupramolecular interaction (1)
- screening (1)
- seagrass (1)
- seco-NIQs-Naphthylisoindolinone (1)
- secondary metabolites (1)
- secondary structures (1)
- selbst organisierende Monolagen (SAM) (1)
- selbstaggregierten (1)
- selectivity (1)
- self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (1)
- semiconducting polymers (1)
- sensor (1)
- separation techniques (1)
- shape-amphiphiles (1)
- short-range JCT-coupling (1)
- short-range order (1)
- sialic acids (1)
- simulated intestinal fluid (1)
- single crystal structure (1)
- singlet fission (1)
- site-specific RNA labeling (1)
- six-membered (1)
- social self‐sorting (1)
- solar cells (1)
- solar fuels (1)
- solid state (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- solid-state NMR spectroscopy (1)
- solid-state emitter (1)
- solid‐state emission (1)
- solubility (1)
- solvolysis of (1)
- space filling (1)
- spacer-controlled self-assembly (1)
- spectroscopic analysis (1)
- spermine (1)
- sphingolipid expansion microscopy (1)
- sphingomyelinase (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- spin chemistry (1)
- spin relaxation (1)
- spiro hydrocarbons (1)
- squaraine polymer (1)
- star mesogen (1)
- star-shaped compounds (1)
- starazine (1)
- starphene analogue (1)
- stereochemistry (1)
- stereoselective syntheses (1)
- stereospecific sythesis (1)
- sterubin (1)
- stokes shift (1)
- structural biology (1)
- structural changes (1)
- structural dynamics (1)
- structural restriction (1)
- structure probes (1)
- structure probing (1)
- structure–function relation (1)
- structure–property relation (1)
- subphthalocyanine (1)
- substandard and falsified medicines from the Congo (1)
- substituted (1)
- substituted 2-oxo- dimethyl esters (1)
- sucrose phosphorylase (1)
- sulfur donor (1)
- superparamagnetism (1)
- superstructure (1)
- supramolecular Chemistry (1)
- supramolecular assembly (1)
- supramolecular capsules (1)
- supramolecular folding (1)
- supramolecular materials (1)
- supramolecular polymerization (1)
- supramolecular polymers (1)
- supramolekulare Farbstoffchemie (1)
- supramolekulare Kapseln (1)
- supramolekularen Elektronik (1)
- surface functionalisation (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainable energy source (1)
- swallow-tail (1)
- systems (1)
- template catalysis (1)
- tenofovir (1)
- tethya aurantium (1)
- tetraaryl pyracene (1)
- tetracoordinated boron (1)
- tetrahydrodicyclopenta[fg,op]tetracene (1)
- tetrahydrofuran (1)
- tetrahydrofurans (1)
- tetromycin (1)
- theoretical characterisation (1)
- theoretical investigations (1)
- theoretische Untersuchungen (1)
- theranostics (1)
- thermolysis (1)
- thiirane (1)
- thiirenium ion (1)
- thin-film transistors (1)
- time-resolved impulsive stimulated raman spectroscopy (1)
- tissue engineering (1)
- topological analysis (1)
- topologische Analyse (1)
- trans-acting 2'-5' adenylyl transferase ribozymes (1)
- transiente Absorption (1)
- transiente Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- transition state (1)
- triaryalmine (1)
- triarylamines (1)
- triarylborane (1)
- trichloroethylene (1)
- trinuclear (1)
- triplet sensitization (1)
- tweezer receptors (1)
- two-dimensional nanostructures (1)
- umbrella-shaped mesogens (1)
- upconversion (1)
- upramolecular polymerization process (1)
- vacuum processable (1)
- vanadium(V)- and cobalt(II)-catalyzed oxidation (1)
- vesicle (1)
- vibrational coherence (1)
- viral epidemiology (1)
- viral infection (1)
- water oxidation reation (1)
- water splitting (1)
- xanthine (1)
- y-Oxoketenes (1)
- zinc chlorins. (1)
- zooxanthellae (1)
- zyklische Peptide (1)
- Übergangszustand (1)
- ß-Lactones (1)
- ß-unsaturated (1)
- β-Lactones (1)
- δ-Lactones (1)
- δ-chloro- (1)
- π-Konjugierte Systeme (1)
- π-conjugated systems (1)
- π-extension (1)
- π-π-interactions (1)
- π–π Stacking (1)
- „ortho“-substituierte Tribenzotriquinacene (1)
- „ortho“-substituted tribenzotriquinacenes (1)
Institute
- Institut für Organische Chemie (543) (remove)
Schriftenreihe
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- International Max Planck Research School Molecular Biology, University of Göttingen, Germany (2)
- Agricultural Center, BASF SE, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany (1)
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Universität Würzburg (1)
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany (1)
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (1)
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), University of Würzburg (1)
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic (1)
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institue, Frederick (USA) (1)
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells, Göttingen (1)
Dipolar merocyanines are very attractive supramolecular building blocks, as they combine interesting functional properties with strong, directional intermolecular interactions. The pyridine dioxocyano-pyridine (PYOP) chromophore (Chapter 2.2), used in this thesis, stands out because of its exceptionally high ground state dipole moment (g ~ 17 D), in combination with the option to retain good solubility also in unpolar solvents, by decoration with solubilizing groups.
The reliable binding motif of anti-parallel -stacking due to dipole-dipole interactions has allowed the design of molecular building blocks that form assemblies of predictable geometry. The intense unstructured charge transfer UV/Vis absorption band (eg ~ 10.7 D) is a result of the dominant contribution of the zwitterionic resonance structure which brings the PYOP chromophore just beyond the cyanine limit in solvents of low polarity (c2 = 0.60, 1,4 dioxane). The high sensitivity of the S0 – S1 UV/Vis absorption band to the environment manifests itself in a pronounced negative solvatochromism and strong H-type exciton coupling within -stacked PYOP assemblies. In accordance with the classical molecular exciton theory, an increasing hypsochromic shift of the dominant absorption band of these H aggregates can be observed as the stack size increases up to about six chromophores, where it levels out at about max ~ 440 nm (CHCl3). This allows a uniquely simple estimation of the number of interacting chromophores within the self-assembled structure from a single UV/Vis absorption spectrum of an aggregate.
The defined and well investigated PYOP dimer formation was employed in this thesis to probe the applicability and limitations of concentration-, temperature-, and solvent-dependent self-assembly studies (Chapter 3). Straightforward theoretical models to evaluate datasets of concentration-, temperature-, and solvent-dependent UV/Vis absorption by nonlinear regression analysis were derived for the case of dimer formation (Chapter 2.1). Although the dimer model is well known and widely applied in literature, this detailed derivation is helpful to understand assumptions and potential problems of the different approaches for the determination of thermodynamic parameters. This helps to decide on the most appropriate method to analyse a system of interest. In this regard it should be noted that covering a large portion of the self-assembly process with the experimental data is a prerequisite for the accuracy of the analysis. Additionally, many of the insights can also be transferred to other self-assembly systems like supramolecular polymerization or host-guest interactions.
The concentration-dependent analysis is the most straightforward method to investigate self-assembly equilibria. No additional assumptions, besides mass balance and mass action law, are required. Since it includes the least number of parameters (only K, if M/D are known), it is the most, or even only, reliable method, to elucidate the self-assembly mechanism of an unknown system by model comparison. To cover a large concentration range, however, the compound must be soluble enough and generally sample amounts at least in the low mg scale must be available.
The temperature-dependent analysis has the advantage that all thermodynamic parameters G0, H0 and S0 can be obtained from a single sample in one automated measurement. However, the accessible temperature-range is experimentally often quite limited and dependent on the solvent. For systems which do not show the transition from monomer to aggregate in a narrow temperature range, as given for, e.g., cooperative aggregation or processes with a high entropy contribution, often not the entire self-assembly process can be monitored. Furthermore, the assumptions of temperature-independent extinction coefficients of the individual species as well as temperature-independent H0 and S0 must be met. Monte Carlo simulations of data sets demonstrated that even minor changes in experimental data can significantly impact the optimized values for H0 and S0. This is due to the redundancy of these two parameters within the model framework and even small thermochromic effects can significantly influence the results. The G0 value, calculated from H0 and S0, is, however, still rather reliable.
Solvent-dependent studies can often cover the entire self-assembly process from monomeric (agg = 0) to the fully aggregated state (agg = 1). However, for dyes with strong solvatochromic effects, such as the dipolar merocyanines investigated in this thesis, the results are affected. Also, the assumption of a linear relation of the binding energy G0 and the fraction of denaturating solvent f, which is based on linear free energy relationships between G0 and the solvent polarity, can lead to errors. Especially when specific solvent effects are involved.
For the evaluation of experimental data by nonlinear regression, general data analysis software can be used, where user-defined fit models and known parameters can be implemented as desired. Alternatively, multiple specialized programs for analysing self-assembly data are available online. While the latter programs are usually more user-friendly, they have the disadvantage of being a “black box” where only pre-implemented models can be used without the option for the user to adapt models or parameters for a specific system.
In Chapter 3 comprehensive UV/Vis absorption datasets are presented for the dimerization of merocyanine derivative 1 in 1,4-dioxane, which allowed for the first time a direct comparison of the results derived from concentration-, temperature-, and solvent-dependent self-assembly studies.
The results for the binding constant K and corresponding G0 from the concentration- and temperature-dependent analysis were in very good agreement, also in comparison to the results from ITC. For the temperature-dependent analysis, though, multiple datasets of samples with different concentration had to be evaluated simultaneously to cover a meaningful part of the self-assembly process. Furthermore, a significant dependence of the optimized parameters H0 and S0 on the wavelength chosen for the analysis was observed. This can be rationalized by the small thermochromic shifts of both the monomer and the dimer UV/Vis absorption band. The results from the solvent-dependent evaluation showed the largest deviation, as expected for the highly solvatochromic merocyanine dye.
However, even here by evaluation at 491 and 549 nm the deviation for G0 was only 2.5 kJ mol1 (9%) with respect to the results from the concentration-dependent analysis (G0 = 29.1 kJ mol1). Thus, despite the strong solvatochromism of the dipolar chromophore, it can still be considered a reliable method for estimating the binding strength. Furthermore, multiple repetitions of the concentration-, temperature-, and solvent-dependent studies provided insight into the reproducibility of the results and possible sources of experimental errors. In all cases, the deviations of the results were small (G0 < 0.4 kJ mol1) and within the same range as the fit error from the nonlinear regression analysis.
The insights from these studies were an important basis for the in-depth investigation of a more complex supramolecular system in Chapter 4, as a single method is often not enough to capture the full picture of a more complicated self-assembly process. To elucidate the anti-cooperative self-assembly of the chiral merocyanine 2, a combination of multiple techniques had to be applied.
Solvent-dependent UV/Vis absorption studies in CH2Cl2/MCH mixtures showed the step-wise assembly of the merocyanine monomer (max(M) = 549 nm, CH2Cl2) to first a dimer (max(D) = 498 nm, CH2Cl2/MCH 15:85) by dipole-dipole interactions, and then a -stacked higher aggregate (max(H) = 477 nm, MCH), with pronounced H-type coupling.
The thermodynamic evaluation of this data, however, suffered from the severe solvatochromism, especially of the monomeric species (max(M, CH2Cl2) = 549 nm, max(M, MCH) = 596 nm). Therefore, concentration-dependent studies were performed at three different temperatures (298, 323, 353 K) to elucidate the self-assembly mechanism and determine reliable thermodynamic parameters. The studies at elevated temperatures were hereby necessary, to obtain experimental data over a larger agg--range. Due to the pronounced difference in the thermodynamic driving force for dimerization and higher aggregate formation (KD/K5 = 6500) a concentration range exists in MCH where almost exclusively the dimer species of 2 is present, before further self-assembly by dispersion interactions occurs. Therefore, the data could be evaluated independently for the two self-assembly steps. The self-assembly of dimers into the higher aggregate could not be described by the isodesmic model but was fitted satisfactorily to a pentamer model. This rather small size of about ten -stacked PYOP chromophores was, furthermore, consistently indicated by AFM, VPO and DOSY NMR measurements. Based on 1D and 2D NMR data as well as the strong bisignate CD signal of the higher aggregate in combination with TD-DFT calculations, a P-helical stack is proposed as its structure. The small size can be rationalized by the anti-cooperative self-assembly mechanism and the sterical demand of the solubilizing trialkoxyphenyl and the chiral tetralin substituents. Additionally, the aliphatic shell formed by the solubilizing chains around the polar chromophore stack, can account for the exceptionally high solubility of 2 in MCH (> 15 mg mL1). These combined studies of the self-assembly process enabled the identification of suitable conditions for the investigation of fluorescence properties of the individual aggregate species. Aggregation-induced emission enhancement was observed for the almost non-emissive monomer (Fl(M) = 0.23%), which can be rationalized by the increasing rigidification within the dimer (Fl(D) = 2.3%) and the higher aggregate (Fl(H) = 4.5%). The helical chirality of the PYOP decamer stack, furthermore, gave rise to a strong CPL signal with a large glum value of 0.011.
The important conclusion of this thesis is that the temperature- and solvent-dependent analyses are valid alternatives to the classical concentration-dependent analysis to determine thermodynamic parameters of self-assembly equilibria. Although, for a specific supramolecular system, one approach might be favourable over the others for a variety of reasons. The experimental limitations often demand a combination of techniques to fully elucidate a self-assembly process and to gain insights in the aggregate structure. The anti-cooperative merocyanine self-assembly, which was described here for the first time for the PYOP merocyanine 2, is no exception. Besides the interest in the merocyanine assemblies from a structural and functional point of view, the insights gained from the presented studies can also be transferred to other self-assembly systems and be a guide to find the most appropriate analysis technique.