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Sendell-Price, Ashley T. ; Tulenko, Frank J. ; Pettersson, Mats ; Kang, Du ; Montandon, Margo ; Winkler, Sylke ; Kulb, Kathleen ; Naylor, Gavin P. ; Phillippy, Adam ; Fedrigo, Olivier ; Mountcastle, Jacquelyn ; Balacco, Jennifer R. ; Dutra, Amalia ; Dale, Rebecca E. ; Haase, Bettina ; Jarvis, Erich D. ; Myers, Gene ; Burgess, Shawn M. ; Currie, Peter D. ; Andersson, Leif ; Schartl, Manfred
Sharks occupy diverse ecological niches and play critical roles in marine ecosystems, often acting as apex predators. They are considered a slow-evolving lineage and have been suggested to exhibit exceptionally low cancer rates. These two features could be explained by a low nuclear mutation rate. Here, we provide a direct estimate of the nuclear mutation rate in the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). We generate a high-quality reference genome, and resequence the whole genomes of parents and nine offspring to detect de novo mutations. Using stringent criteria, we estimate a mutation rate of 7×10\(^{−10}\) per base pair, per generation. This represents one of the lowest directly estimated mutation rates for any vertebrate clade, indicating that this basal vertebrate group is indeed a slowly evolving lineage whose ability to restore genetic diversity following a sustained population bottleneck may be hampered by a low mutation rate.